Unidad 1 DIN V

 

Zmpôjei`k Jgeivkriknk lm Smnmzumek Ainistmrig lme Vglmr Vgpuekr pkrk ek Lmcmnsk ]nivmrsilkl Nk`ignke Mxpmriamntke Vgeité`ni`k lm ek Cumrzk Kraklk Nk`ignke Jgeivkriknk (]NMCK) Nô`emg Pu`rm, Pmlm @uaknë

LIN S

Vrgc4

Jk`bieemr4

Bujmr Sieekejk

Akrák Dgsé Pu`rm Aërqumz

 

@.I.:8.=82.9=3

Inh. Lm \mem`gauni`k`ignms =tg Pmamstrm, Pm``iðn ―;‑

@uaknë, Kjrie lm :6:6

 

 

Ánli`m Intrglu``iðn.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................................ ............................. ... 0 Knkeizkr me @gn`mptg Mstrktéhi`g pkrk ek Lmcmnsk Intmhrke lm ek Nk`iðn ..........................................< Me pkpme lm ek Aiei`ik Jgeivkriknk............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ....................... ........ < Humrrk pgpuekr prgegnhklk.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ........................ ......... = Mstrktmhik lm Pmhurilkl Nk`ignke lm M]K y su iapk`tg mn ek ZJS ...................................................3 Ek Humrrk ng `gnvmn`ignke (HN@).............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ........................................... ............................. 8 ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ...................... 9 K``ignms lm mncrmntkaimntg..............

Kprm`ik`iðn lme prgjkjem `krë`tmr lm ek khrmsiðn aieitkr `gntrk me pkás..........................................9 Vmriglizk`iðn lme surhiaimntg y lmskrrgeeg lm ek humrrk ................................................................;6 Pistmak lmcmnsivg tmrritgrike.............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ...................................;; ....................;; Zmhiðn Mstrktéhi`k lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (ZMLI)...............................................................................;; Tgnk Gpmrkvk lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (TGLI) .............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .........................................;: ..........................;: Ërmk lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (KLI).............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .................;0 ..;0 Eu`bk kraklk4 aétglg rmhuekr, aétglg irrmhuekr.........................................................................;0 @gn`eusiðn.............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................................ .................................. ;= Jijeighrkk............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .................. ... ;3

 

Intrglu``iðn Ek lmcmnsk intmhrke lm ek nk`iðn lmpmnlm lm tglgs egs `iulklkngs qum `gncgrakn un pkás ms lm`ir, mntrm ek `grrmspgnskjieilkl mntrm me mstklg y ek sg`imlkl `ivie.  Me `gaprgaisg ng ms sgeg lm unk sgek pmrsgnk, sing lm tglgs egs inlivilugs qum bk`mags vilk mn mstm tmrritgrig ms unk ekjgr lm `grrmspgnskjieilkl qum tglgs tmnmags me lmjmr y ek gjeihk`iðn lm lmcmnlmr eg numstrg `gntrk `ukequimr  kamnkzk yk smk lm amngr ms`kek g akygr ms`kek.   \gl \glgs gs uni unilgs lgs pglrmag pglrmagss amdgrkr inlis`utijemamntm `gn hrknlms amdgrks lm ek smhurilkl y lmcmnsk intmhrke lm ek nk`iðn mn tglg agamntg, `uknlg mncrmntm `ir`unstkn`iks lm insmhurilkl intmrnk y lm ek qum prgvimnm lme mxtmrigr. Mn tglgs egs kspm`tgs lm smhurilkl lm ek nk`iðn sm lmjm akntmnmr me grlmn sg`ike, m`gnðai`g, pgeáti`g, nkturke g m`geðhi`g, pkrk pglmr akntmnmr me grlmn cum qum sm lmtmrainð ek nm`msilkl lm lmcmnlmr y rmsistir eks khrmsignms lm khmntms mxtmrngs m intmrngs. @gn ek cumrzk kraklk sm timnm `gag unk grhknizk`iðn lm lmcmnsk lm numstrg tmrritgrig lm aknmrk mcm`tivk y pmraknmntm, timnm su prigrilkl mn egs ksuntgs intmrngs lme tmrritgrig pkrk qum simaprm me pkás msté mn suprmak eijmrtkl. Eks cumrzks Kraklks cgrakn unk institu`iðn grhknizklk pgr me mstklg, pkrk qum duntg `gn me pumjeg ksmhurmn ek lmcmnsk nk`ignke , ek mstkjieilkl lm eks institu`ignms lmag`rëti`ks y me rmspmtg k eks emyms qum simaprm lmjmn mstkr  prmsmntms pgr mn`iak lm `ukequimr gtrk gjeihk`iðn.

0

 

Knkeizkr me @gn`mptg Mstrktéhi`g pkrk ek Lmcmnsk Intmhrke lm ek Nk`iðn Me @gn`mptg Mstrktéhi`g pkrk ek Lmcmnsk Intmhrke lm ek Nk`iðn, ms mekjgrklg pgrr me @g pg @gak aknl nlg g Ms Mstr trkt ktéh éhi` i`g g Gp Gpmr mrk` k`ig ignk nkee lm ek Cu Cumr mrzk zk Kr Krak aklk lk Nk Nk`i `ign gnke ke Jgeivkriknk. K egs cinms lm ek mekjgrk`iðn lm mstm pekn, sm tgakn mn `umntk trms kspm`tgs lm iapgrtkn`ik4 Egs Cunlkamntgs lme Vmnskaimntg Aieitkr Jgeivkrikng (jksm pkrk ek Lg`trink Aieitkr Jgeivkriknk), ek Kprm`ik`iðn lm Kamnkzk lm Khrmsiðn Aieitkr `gntrk ek Zmpôjei`k Jgeivkriknk lm Smnmzumek y ek Vmriglizk`iðn lm ek Humrrk mn `ksg lm unk Invksiðn eiaitklk. Mstgs trms kspm`tgs grimntkn ke AVVL, mn ek gjsmrvkn`ik lm unk visiðn `gapkrtilk `gn ek CKNJ, qum unilk k ek visiðn mstrktéhi`k lme Pm`tgr Lmcmnsk, dkegnkn egs pksgs lm ek peknici`k`iðn mstrktéhi`k lm éstk ôetiak, lmslm me smng lme Lmspk`bg lme Si`mainistmrig pkrk ek Veknici`k`iðn y Lmskrrgeeg lm ek Lmcmnsk, lgnlm klquimrm unk prgcunlilkl y ke`kn`m sm`tgrike pkr`ike.

Me pkpme lm ek Aiei`ik Jgeivkriknk Ek aiei`ik jgeivkriknk ms un smrvi`ig g prgcmsiðn aieitkr grhknizklg, su pkpme prin`ipke, prmpkrkr ke pumjeg pkrk ek smhurilkl y lmcmnsk intmhrke lm ek nk`iðn, ck`ieitkr me prg`msg lm agvieizk`iðn aieitkr y `gntrijuir k ek `kpk`itk`iðn lm egs `iulklkngs pkrk qum mstén mn amdgrms `gnli`ignms pkrk pkrti`ipkr mn me lmskrrgeeg lme pkás. Ek aiei`ik jgeivkriknk lmpmnlm mn eg gpmrktivg lme `gaknlg mstrktéhi`g gpmrk`ignke, qum ms pumntm `gn ek `gaknlkn`ik mn dmcm lm ek CKNJ. Mn eg klainistrktivg lmpmnlm lme ainistmrig lme pglmr pgpuekr pkrk ek lmcmnsk. Ek aiei`ik jgeieivk jg vkri rikn knk k sm `g `gnvi nvimr mrtm tm mn un ung g lm eg egss `g `gnm` nm`tg tgrms rms mn mntr trm m ek Cu Cumr mrzk zk Krakl Kraklk k Nk`ignke Jgeivkriknk y ek sg`imlkl `ivie. Ek aiei`ik Nk`ignke Jgeivkriknk ms un `umrpg mspm`ike qum mstë mstkjem`ilg mn me krtá`ueg 0:: lm ek @gnstitu`iðn4 ―Ek smhu sm huri rilk lkl l lm ek nk`i nk`iðn ðn ms rm rmsp spg gns nskj kjieieil ilkl kl lm lmee Ms Msttklg klg y su lm lmcm cmns nsk k ms rmspgnskjieilkl lm tglgs egs vmnmzgekngs‑. Eks cun`ignms lm ek aiei`ik jgeivkriknk sgn4

<

 



Grhknizkr y klimstrkr k ek aiei`ik tmrritgrike, egs `umrpgs `gajktimntms y unilklms mspm`ikems.



@gntrijuir `gn me sistmak lm intmeihmn`ik y `gntrkintmeihmn`ik nk`ignke.



Grimntkr `ggrlinkr y kpgykr mn eks ërmks lm su `gapmtmn`ik k egs `gnsmdgs `gaunkems, k cin lm `gklyuvkr mn me `uapeiamntg lm eks pgeáti`ks pôjei`ks.



Mdm`utkrë Mdm`u tkrë gpmrk`ignms gpmrk`ignms mspm`ác mspm`áci`ks, i`ks, `gndunt `gnduntks, ks, `gajinklks `gajinklks m intmhr intmhrkems, kems, grlmnk grl mnklks lks pgr me `gak `gaknlg nlg mst mstrkt rktéhi éhi`g `g gpmrk`i gpmrk`ignke gnke,, pkrk `gn `gntri trijui juirr mn hkrkntizkr ek lmcmnsk intmhrke lm ek nk`iðn.

Humrrk pgpuekr prgegnhklk Ek humrrk, ms ek eu`bk kraklk mntrm lgs g aës nk`ignms g mntrm hrupgs lm unk aisak nk`iðn, ek pkekjrk pgpuekr qum sm rmcimrm ke pumjeg, ms lm`ir k tglgs y `klk ung lm egs inlivilugs qum bk`mn vilk mn un pkás, y prgegnhklk qum sm tktk lme mcm`tg y k``iðn lm kekrhkr unk `gsk aës timapg lm eg rmhuekr. Mntgn`ms Mntgn` ms pglmags lm`ir qum ek humrrk pgpuekr prgegnhkl prgegnhklk, k, ms ek eu`bk pgr  ek lmcmnsk lm numstrg tmrritgrig `gn me smntilg lm `grrmspgnskjieilkl lm tglg me pumjeg y qum sgeg pumlm smr eijrklk k ekrhg pekzg, `gn me prgpðsitg lm lmcmnlmr eg qum ngs pmrtmnm`m, numstrgs intmrmsms lm inlmpmnlmn`ik y sgjmrknák. Ek humrrk pgpuekr prgegnhklk ng sgeg ngs `gneemvk k hmnmrkr mstrktmhiks pkrk ek lmcmnsk y prmsmrvk`iðn lm numstrgs rm`ursgs, sing qum tkajién pgr ek peurkeilkl lm ilmks pkrk pglmr mekjgrkr su peknici`k`iðn yk qum `gn ek `gntriju`iðn lm `klk ung sm pulm eemhkr k mstru`turkr un msqumak `gn me cin lm incgrakems k ek pgjek`iðn y mstkr prmpkrklgs mn `ksg tke lm qum su`mlk y qum me pumjeg mstm lm k`umrlg pkrk `gntkr `gn su kpgyg mn tglg agamntg.  Ksá cgrakrmags k egs `iulklkngs pkrk me `uapeiaimntg lm aisignms lm kpgy kp gyg g `g `gag ag `g `ga apema pemamn mnttg lm ek cum umrz rzk k kr krak aklk lk nk nk``ignk ignkee jg jgeieivk vkrriknk iknk,, `gntrijuymnlg ksá `gn me lmskrrgeeg intmhrke lm ek nk`iðn, ek `ggpmrk`iðn pkrk pglmr akntmnmr akntmnmr me grlmn intmrng y `gn ek mdm`u` mdm`u`iðn iðn lm gpmrk`ignms gpmrk`ignms lm rmsistmn`ik eg`ke kntm `ukequimr khrmsiðn intmrnk g mxtmrnk. =

 

Mn `ksg lm g`urrir kehôn mvmntg khrmsivg `gntrk me tmrritgrig, `klk `iulklkng ek skjrë qum bk`mr y jus`krk ek cgrak lm mncrmntkr pkrk lmcmnlmr su pktrik, `gn gpti gp tiai aisa sag g y kp kpgy gyg g mn mnttrm tgl glgs gs un unil ilgs gs eghr eghrkr kr vmn` vmn`mr mr k egs qu qum m quim quimrm rmn n lmsmstkjieizkr ek lmag`rk`ik, tgemrkn`ik y sgjmrknák lm numstrg pumjeg. Me téraing qum sm iapusg intmrnk`ignkeamntm pkrk lmcinir egs kûgs jéei`gs qum vivið ek sg`imlkl skevklgrmûk skevklgrmûk mn eks lé`klks lm egs smtmntk y lm egs g`bmntk lme siheg pksklg, k pkrtir lm unk mtkpk lmtmrainklk lm lmskrrgeeg lme `gncei`tg kraklg, cum me lm «humrrk `ivie¿. Li`bg `gn`mptg iapei`k su `gntrkpkrtm likeé`ti`k, «ek pk pkzz sg sg`i `ike ke¿. Ai Aimnt mntrks rks qum ek ekss gtrk gtrkss «h «humr umrrks rks¿ ¿ ng nm`m nm`msk skrik rikam amnt ntm m sm lmskrrgeekn pkrk eghrkr ek pkz, sing qum mn lmpmnlmn`ik lm egs gjdmtivgs pgeáti`gs y hmgpgeáti`gs, éstks pumlmn eemvkrsm k `kjg pkrk lmstruir g limzakr me kpkrktg pgeáti`g-aieitkr y m`gnðai`g lm un mstklg g lm unk grhknizk`iðn pgeáti`g-aieitkr  insurhmntm, situk`iðn qum ng simaprm `gn`euym `gn un k`umrlg lm pkz sg`ike. Ms lm`ir, qum tkajién bky au`bks humrrks qum sm bk`mn pkrk mvitkr ek pkz, `gag eks lme Grimntm Amlig.

Mstrktmhik lm Pmhurilkl Nk`ignke lm M]K y su iapk`tg mn ek ZJS Ek mstrktmhik lm smhurilkl nk`ignke ms me akr`g lm rmcmrmn`ik pkrk ek pgeáti`k lm smhurilkl nk`ignke, unk pgeáti`k lm mstklg qum `gn`ijm ek smhurilkl lm cgrak kapeik ke smrvi`ig lme `iulklkng y lme mstklg. Ek mstrktmhik lm smhurilkl nk`ignke lm egs Mstklgs ]nilgs `gntimnm : pkrtms, ek priamrk aitkl pkrtm lm un `gn`mptg rmkeistk y nmgrrmkeistk, jësi`kamntm sgjrm ek visiðn lme aunlg y sm rmcimrm sgjrm tglg k eks kamnkzks `gag eg smrák me tmrrgrisag, eks mstrktmhiks lm Mstklgs ]nilgs timnmn k``ignms prmvmntivks y sgn k``ignms qum sm pumlmn uji`kr  mn me `grtg y amlikng pekzg. Pm pglrák lm`ir qum ek ng`iðn lm ek smhurilkl sm rihm lm aknmrk nmhktivk crmntm k eks pgsijems kamnkzks, mn ek smhunlk aitkl lm ek mstrktmhik, sudmtk unk amz`ek mntrm nmgrrmkeisag m intmrlmpmnlmn`ik, mstk pkrtm bkjek lm eks rmspgnskjieilklms `gapkrtilks m insistm mn ek iapgrtkn`ik lm ek humrrk m`gnðai`k, m`gnðai`k, eeks ks tkrmks qum sm pek pekntmkn ntmkn sgn pgr eg hmnmrk hmnmrkee lm amlikng y ekrhg pekzg, kquá ek ng`iðn lm smhurilkl sm pekntmk lm aknmrk pgsitivk pgr  lmpmnlmr lm k``ignms qum `gntrijuymn k egs `gnsmnsgs pgr eg hmnmrke au`bks lm 3

 

eks k``ignms y lm`isignms qum tgak Mstklgs ]nilgs `gn rmspm`tg k ek smhurilkl nk`ignke kcm`tk lm cgrak nmhktivk k egs lmaës pkásms mntrm egs `ukems ng sm mx`mptôk Smnmzumek, mn ungs lm egs ôetiags `gnsmnsgs qum sm bi`imrgn Mstklgs prmsmntkjk k Smnmzumek `gag unk pgtmn`ike kamnkzk, pgr eg qum sm jus`krgn mstrktmhiks prmvmntivks pkrk ksi nueici`kr mstk kamnkzk mntrm eks `ukems sm pumlm eemhkr ke `gn`mptg lm ek humrrk ng `gnvmn`ignke.

Ek Humrrk ng `gnvmn`ignke (HN@) Mn ek humrrk ng `gnvmn`ignke usukeamntm ng mxistm un mncrmntkaimntg cási`g mntrm eks cumrzks aieitkrms lm eks nk`ignms mn `gncei`tg, mstm tipg lm humrrk sm jksk mn ek ilmk lm qum ms pgsijem lmsmstkjieizkr ke mnmaihg k trkvés lme aimlg bkstk me puntg lm eghrkr qum bkhk hrknlms `gn`msignms pkrk gjtmnmr ek pkz, sin iapgrtkr si mstm kun ms `kpkz lm `gntinukr ek humrrk. Eks cumrzks u gjdmtivgs gjdmtivgs sgn sm`rmt sm`rmtgs, gs, g ng mst mstën ën ji jimn mn lm lmcicini nilg lgs? s? ek ekss të të`t `ti` i`ks ks y ek ekss kra kraks ks in intm tmns nsicici` i`kn kn me mn mntg tgrn rng g lm sujvmrsiðn, aimlg y hmnmrkeamntm, eg qum sm trktk lm gjtmnmr ms ek `gmr`iðn g ek sujvmrsiðn lm un `umrpg pgeáti`g. Me pkás qum kpei`k unk HN@ ng kpei`k ek cumrzk lmsamlilk lm un krak `gnvmn`ignke, si ng qum k trkvés lm amligs `rmktivgs, inngvklgrms, tm`ngeðhi`gs y të`ti`ks sihiegsks, eghrk eemvkr `kjg egs prgpðsitgs qum sm pekntmkn. Mn ek HN@ egs gjdmtivgs lm humrrk sgn usukeamntm psi`geðhi`gs y `gk`tivgs, y egs memamntgs lm eks cumrzks kraklks usukeamntm trkjkdkn inlmpmnlimntmamntm y ms `gaôn qum sm mn`umntrm incietrklgs. Mstuligs sgjrm ek mvgeu`iðn lm eks humrrks ksmhurkn qum me mapemg lm aétglgs lm Humrrk ng @gnvmn`ignke lktk lm ek kntihõmlkl.

8

 

Lurkn Lu rkntm tm me pm pmrá rágl glg g lm ek Hu Humr mrrk rk Cr Crák ák,, me aknlg aknlg ai aieieitk tkrr lm Ms Mstk tklg lgss ]n ]nil ilgs gs lmskrrgeeð lmskrrg eeð `kapkûks lm HN@ pkrk trktk trktkrr lm eghrkr sus gjdmtiv gjdmtivgs gs sin krrimsh krrimshkrsm krsm k unk `gntimnlk hmnmrkeizklk `gn ek ]niðn lm Zmpôjei`ks Pg`ikeistks Pgviéti`ks (]ZPP). \rks me ciks`g mstklgunilmnsm mn Simtnka, y pkrk mncrmntkr me kuhm lm egs agviaimntgs lm eijmrk`iðn nk`ignke mn licmrmntms pkrtms lme aunlg lmskrrgeeð ek lg`trink lm egs ―`gncei`tgs lm jkdk intmnsilkl‑, rmcmrmntm lg`trinke `mr`kng k ek HN@.

@krk`tmrásti`ks4 

Humrrk amliëti`k pkrk lmsprmstihikr y dustici`kr eks k``ignms indmrmn`istks4 @kapkûk intmrnk`ignke y nk`ignke sgjrm ek insmhurilkl.



]tieizk`iðn lm un hrkn kpkrktg cinkn`imrg mxðhmng !um sujvmn`iðn k egs k`tgs `keemdmrgs" lm tmrrgrisag urjkng g `gntrk jimnms lm eks nk`ignms (maprmsks bilrgmeé`tri`ks mntrm gtrks) y eks maprmsks lm incgrak`iðn.



@umntk `gn kpgyg sm`rmtg lm hrupgs aieitkrms y `iviems gpgsitgrms k quimnms sm ems lgtk m instruym mn `ursgs pkrk ek mekjgrk`iðn lm jgajks ―usg lm krakamntgs ktkqums urjkngs



Vrgvg`k me aimlg mn ek pgjek`iðn `ivie k trkvés lm eks `kapkûks amliëti`ks



Pihnici`ktivk pkrti`ipk`iðn `ivie tkntg `gag khrmsgrk pkrk `rmkr me `gncei`tg `gag vá`tiak lme aisag.

2

 



@rmk k trkvés lm egs amligs ms`ritgs y tmemvisivgs un `eiak lm lms`gnciknzk y lmsmspmrknzk sgjrm eks k`tuk`ignms lme hgjimrng mn ek pgjek`iðn lme pkás gjdmtg lm ek humrrk ng `gnvmn`ignke.



@rmk @rmk un mstk mstklg lg lm `gn* `gn*k` k`titivi vilk lkl l `ivi `iviee pk pkrk rk me qu quim imjr jrm m ag agrk rkee lm egs egs pkrtilkrigs lme aglmeg lm +mstklg.



]sg lm eks rmlms sg`ikems `gn cinms lmsmstkjieizklgrms.



Listurjigs `keemdmrgs.



Humrrk m`gnðai`k.

K``ignms lm mncrmntkaimntg Eks k``ignms lm mncrmntkaimntg lmtmrainkn eks `ir`unstkn`iks mn eks qum unk cumrzk kraklk pumlm bk`mr usg lm sus `kpk`ilklms kntm un lmtmrainklg ms`mnk ms` mnkri rig. g. Mstk Mstkss ngrak ngrakss sg sgn n hm hmnmr nmrke kems ms y mspm` mspm`ác áci` i`ks ks,, y bk bk bkji jilg lg hrk hrknl nlms ms vkrik`ignms vkrik`i gnms mntrm eks `ueturks k eg ekrhg lm ek bistgrik. Eks rmheks pumlmn bk`mrsm pôjei`ks, `gag ek emy akr`ike g me tgqum lm qumlk, pmrg ngrakeamntm sðeg sgn pemnkamntm `gng`ilks pgr eks cumrzks aieitkrms k eks qum em sgn kpei`kjems.

Kprm`ik`iðn lme prgjkjem `krë`tmr lm ek khrmsiðn aieitkr `gntrk me pkás  Ktm ek mxprmsk kamnkzk y khrmsiðn iapmrikeistk ngs

aknicmstkags

pemnkamntm `gns`imntm lm egs lmjmrms, gjeihk`ignms y `gaprgaisgs `gntrkálgs `gn ek Zmpôjei`k Jgeivkriknk lm Smnmzumek. Lm ek `gnstitu`iðn lm ek rmpôjei`k jgeivkriknk lm Smnmzumek.

9

 

 Krtá`ueg ;064 ―Egs Smnmzgekngs  y vmnmzgeknks timnmn me lmjmr lm bgnrkr y lmcmnlmr k ek pktrik, sus sáajgegs y vkegrms `ueturkems? rmshukrlkr y prgtmhmr ek sgjmrknák, ek nk`ignkeilkl, ek intmhrilkl tmrritgrike, ek kutglmtmraink`iðn y egs intmrmsms lm ek Nk`iðn‑.

Vmriglizk`iðn lme surhiaimntg y lmskrrgeeg lm ek humrrk Ek pm pmri rigl gliz izk` k`ið iðn n lm lmee su surh rhia iaim imnt ntg g y lm lmsk skrr rrge geeeg lm ek hu humr mrrk rk ms un prg`mliaimntg amtglgeðhi`g qum pmraitm, k pkrtir lm ek kprm`ik`iðn mstrktéhi`k lm su `krë`tmr, livilirek mn pmriglgs y mstgs mn mtkpks, k cin lm peknici`kr eks k``ignms lm numstrg pkás y eks gpmrk`ignms aieitkrms lm ek CKNJ, ksá `gag listrijuir y mapemkr eks cumrzks y egs rm`ursgs `gn ek akygr mci`imn`ik. Vmriglg lm `risis4 Ek pgeáti`k mspm`ikeamntm khrmsivk lme hgjimrng lm egs Mstklgs ]nilgs bk`ik numstrg pkás, aknti Mstklgs akntimnm mnm pmraknmntma pmraknmntmamntm mntm ek tmnsið tmnsiðn n mn eks rmek`ignms jiektmrkems. Ng gjstkntm, ms prmvisijem qum, kntms lm lmsmn`klmnkrsm ek humrrk, sm prgluz`k un pekzg lm vkriks smaknks g amsms, qum sm `krk`tmrizk pgr  un lmtmrigrg `rm`imntm lm msks rmek`ignms y kehunks k``ignms, mn`kainklks k prmsignkr pkrk sgeu`ignkr ek `risis mn su intmrés g pkrk lmsmn`klmnkr ek humrrk. Pm sujlivilm mn lgs mtkpks4 ;. Mtk Mtkpk pk ini` ini`ike ike lm ek `ri `risis sis, me niv nivme me lm tmn tmnsið siðn n lm tima timapg pg lm pkz rmjk rmjkzk zk egs eiaitms bkjitukems y sm memvk ek bgstieilkl mn eks rmek`ignms mntrm egs mstklgs :. Mtkp Mtkpk k lm kamn kamnkz kzk k lm humr humrrk rk,, `ukn `uknlg lg ek tmns tmnsið iðn n ku kuam amnt ntk k m inli inli`k `k ek ina nain inmn mn`i `ik k lm unk kh khrm rmsi siðn ðn aiei aieittkr kr,, `g `ga aimnz imnzk k ms msttk mtkp mtkpk, k, lgnlm gnlm `grrmspgnlm lm`ekrkr ek humrrk. @gnvmn`ignkeamntm ek humrrk k lmskrrgeekr `gntrk numstrg pkás sm bk livililg mn lgs hrknlms pmriglgs. Vriamr pmriglg lm humrrk4 @gnsistm mn bk`mr crmntm k ek khrmsiðn aieitkr  mnmaihk k cin lm gpgnmr unk `rm`imntm rmsistmn`ik k sus k``ignms lm lmshkstm

;6

 

sistmaëti`g. Mn me akr`g lm ek humrrk `gnvmn`ignke sm aknicimstkn eks sihuimntms mtkpks4 k) K``ig K``ignms nms lme pkás p pkrk krk mnc mncrmntkr rmntkr me lmsh lmshkstm kstm si sistmaë stmaëti`g. ti`g. j) K``ig K``ignms nms le pkás pkrk m mncrmnt ncrmntkr kr unk invksiðn. invksiðn. Hmnmrkeamntm mstks mtkpks ng sm lkn mn siauetënmg mn tglg me tmrritgrig lme pkás kcm`tklg pulimnlg mn`gntrkrsm unk g aës rmhignms rmkeizknlg k``ignms `grrmspgnlimntms k ek priamrk g smhunlk mtkpk. Mstg sm sustmntk mn ek cgrak lm eu`bk kraklk y egs nivmems lm peknici`k`iðn qum jus`kn ek invksi invksiðn ðn eiaitklk y me lmshkstm lmshkstm sistmaët sistmaëti`g i`g k cin lm `gntrkrrmstk `gntrkrrmstkrr ek suprmak kérmk, ek lmstru``iðn inlis`riainklk, ek instkek`iðn lm pekzks lm kraks, ksmlig, ksketg y `kpturk lm ek `kpitke lme pkás.

Pistmak lmcmnsivg tmrritgrike Me Pist Pistma mak k Lm Lmcm cmnsi nsivg vg \m \mrri rritg tgri rike ke ms un unk k lg lg`t `trin rink k ai aieieitk tkrr lmc lmcmn mnsi sivk vk lm Smnmzumek qum sm lmcinm `gag "`gnduntg lm amlilks y k`tivilklms pktriðti`gjgeivkriknks, duráli`ks, lm prgtm``iðn `ivie, m`gnðai`ks, aieitkrms, lm smhurilkl y grlmn intmrng, lm smhurilkl `iulklknk, kajimntkems, lipegaëti`ks y egs ðrhkngs, mntilklms y maprmsks qum eks iapemamntkn lmslm timapg lm pkz y mdm`utkn mn situk`ignms mx`mp`ignkems, mn egs nivmems nk`ignke, rmhignke, mstktke, auni`ipke, pkrrgquike pkrrgqu ike y `gaunke, tkntg mn me `kapg lm ek eu`bk kraklk, `gag mn me lm ek ng kraklk". \rks ek mntrklk mn vihmn`ik lm ek Emy Grhëni`k lm ek Cumrzk Kraklk Nk`ignke Jgeivkriknk lme kûg :669, me Pistmak Lmcmnsivg \mrritgrike sm listrijuyð mn Zmh Zmhignm ignmss Mst Mstrkt rktéhi` éhi`ks ks lm Lmc Lmcmns mnsk k Int Intmhrk mhrkee (ZMLI) (ZMLI),, Tgn Tgnks ks Gpmrkt Gpmrktivk ivkss lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (TGLI) y Ërmks lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (KLI).

Zmhiðn Mstrktéhi`k lm Lmcmnsk Intmhrke (ZMLI) Ms un mspk` mspk`ig ig lm lmeieiai aitk tklg lg `gn un unks ks `k `krk rk`t `tmrá mrást sti` i`ks ks hmghr hmghrëc ëci` i`ks ks aës aës g amngs `gaunms y lm vkegr mstrktéhi`g pkrk ek lmcmnsk, qum sm lmcinm `gag4 "unk ;;

 

khrupk`iðn tmrritgrike lm cumrzks y amligs mn un mspk`ig lme tmrritgrig nk`ignke `gn `krk`tm `krk `tmrás rásti` ti`ks ks hmg hmgmst mstrkt rktéhi éhi`ks, `ks, sgj sgjrm rm ek jks jksm m lm ek `gn `gn`mp` `mp`iðn iðn mst mstrkt rktéhi éhi`k `k lmcmnsivk nk`ignke pkrk peknici`kr, `gnlu`ir y mdm`utkr gpmrk`ignms lm lmcmnsk intmhrk intmhrke,e, k cin lm hkr hkrknt kntizkr izkr ek inl inlmpm mpmnlm nlmn`ik n`ik,, ek sgjm sgjmrkná rknák, k, ek smhu smhuril rilkl, kl, ek intmhrilkl lme mspk`ig hmghrëci`g y me lmskrrgeeg nk`ignke. Mn me kûg :669 sm `rmkrgn `in`g rmhignms y pgstmrigramntm 0 aës4

;WZMLI @mntrke. :WZMLI G``ilmntke. 0WZMLI Grimntke.