UFCD - 9632 - Sistema Nacional de Intervenção Precoce Na Infância

 

 

EL]PEPXPO @O HF^ZHGO H COZFDÇÍO ^ZOCE]]EOLDI, E.^. @hihgdçío Zhgeoldi `o Mhltro Mhltro `h Hfprhgo h Corfdçío ^rocesseoldi `o ^elbdi Elthreor Lorth ]hrveço `h Hfprhgo h Corfdçío ^rocesseoldi `h Drgdlei 

XCM@ 53=: 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

:8 Bords  734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls Corfd`ord; Kodld @eds

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ÆL@EMH

Ojkhtevos h molthû`os................................................................................ 4 Elthrvhlçío prhmomh .................................................................................. 0 @hceleçío h `hsteldtäreos; ........................................................................... 0 Fo`hio `h elthrvhlçío h drtemuidçío ” ]dû`h, H`umdçío h ]hgurdlçd ]omedi ...... 2 ]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ” ]LE^E .................... ......................... ..... 2 Orgdlezdçío h mofphtëlmeds -  Fhto`oioged `h elthrvhlçío `os orgdlesfos mofphthlths .......................................... ........................ ...................................... ...................................... ............................. ........... 4> Mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d` hihgejeie`d`hh h hlmdfelbdfhlto .................. ..................................... .............................. ........... 47 ^dphi `ds hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío (HIE) - Drtemuidçío `d elthrvhlçío fuite`esmepieldr ........................................................................................ :: ^rojihfds `h `hshlvoivefhlto .................................... .................. ..................................... .............................. ........... :3 E`hltecemdçío `h seldes `h didrfh - mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h .................... ........................... ....... :3 ^dphi `o processeoldi ” Mredçío `h mol`eçøhs d`hqud`ds do `hshlvoivefhlto elcdltei ................. .................................... ...................................... ..................................... ...................................... ........................... ....... =3 Mue`d`os d prhstdr î mredlçd ................... ..................................... ..................................... ................................. .............. 04 ^dphi `d cdfæied h `d mofule`d`h mof ule`d`h ” Elthrvhlçío mhltrd`d ld cdfæied ............... 00 Jejieogrdced ................. ................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................................... ...................... 8>

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 4

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Ojkhtevos Zhmolbhmhr o ]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed. Zhmolbhmhr d efportêlmed `d drtemuidçío hltrh ds Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío h d cdfæied. Mdrdmthrezdr o fo`hio `h elthrvhlçío h sud drtemuidçío mof os väreos sujsesthfds. E`hltecemdr seldes `h didrfh lo `hshlvoivefhlto `h mredlçds h kovhls.

Molthû`os Elthrvhlçío prhmomh @hceleçío @hsteldtäreos Fo`hio `h elthrvhlçío h drtemuidçío ” ]dû`h, H`umdçío h ]hgurdlçd ]omedi  

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ” ]LE^E

 

Orgdlezdçío h mofphtëlmeds

 

Mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h h hlmdfelbdfhlto

 

Fhto`oioged `h elthrvhlçío `os orgdlesfos mofphthlths

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•

•

•

•

 

^dphi `ds hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío (HIE) - Drtemuidçío `d elthrvhlçío fuite`esmepieldr ^rojihfds `h `hshlvoivefhlto E`hltecemdçío `h seldes `h didrfh - mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h ^dphi `o processeoldi ” Mredçío `h mol`eçøhs d`hqud`ds do `hshlvoivefhlto elcdltei Mue`d`os d prhstdr î mredlçd ^dphi `d cdfæied h `d mofule`d`h mo fule`d`h ” Elthrvhlçío mhltrd`d ld cdfæied

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

 Elthrvhlçío  Elthrvhlç ío prhmomh prhmomh @hceleçío h `hsteldtäreos; ^drd djor`drfos o dthl`efhlto d mredlçds mof lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes h`umdtevds  hsphmedes hltrh os > h os 3 dlos ” Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh - thfos `h rhmudr, tdfjåf dtå dos dlos 3>, diturd hf quh coe mred`o phio Elstetuto `h Dssestëlmed d Fhlorhs `o Feleståreo `d ]dû`h h Dssestëlmed o ’]hrveço `h Orehltdçío @ofemeieäred‖ (]O@) mof o ojkhtevo `h dpoedr d lævhi ldmeoldi pdes `h mredlçds mhgds hltrh os > h os 3 dlos. Dtå 457:, telbd uf êfjeto ldmeoldi h hrd ihvd`o d mdjo por hlchrfherds, quh prhstdvdf dpoeo `ofemeieäreo, dos pdes h îs mredlçds. @hsth fo`o, ds mredlçds mof `hcemeëlmed vesudi h ds suds cdfæieds hrdf dpoed`ds por progrdfds quh `hmorredf soj d corfd `h vesetds `ofemeieäreds. D pdrter `h 457:, å hxtelto d lævhi ldmeoldi, shl`o dssufe`o sý por Iesjod h phio ^orto phios mhltros `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi, shrveço quh dpoedvd os hstdjhihmefhltos `h h`umdçío hsphmedi quh phrthlmedf î ]hgurdlçd ]omedi. Dssef, `hs`h hssd `dtd dtå 4523, ds hquepds `h Orehltdçío @ofemeieäred, hf Iesjod, quh hrdf molstetuæ`ds por h`umd`orhs hsphmediezd`os, pdssdf d hstdr `hphl`hlths `os Mhltros `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi h fdes tdr`h `d @erhçío `h ]hrveços `h Orehltdçío h Elthrvhlçío ^semoiýgemd (@]OE^), cemdl`o hlqud`rd`ds hf hquepds elthr`esmepieldrhs (Feleståreo `d H`umdçío, :>>:). Hfjord, outros prokhtos sh thlbdf `hshlvoive`o lo êfjeto `d E^, å sojrhtu`o d pdrter `os fhd`os `d `åmd`d `h 2> quh sh dssesth do rhmolbhmefhlto grd`udi `d lhmhsse`d`h `h `hshlvoivhr corfds `h dpoeo d mredlçds mof lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes hf e`d`hs prhmomhs. Hf 4528, por hxhfpio, coe dtrejuæ`o î @erhçío `h ]hrveços `h Orehltdçío h Elthrvhlçío ^semoiýgemd o dpoeo prhmomh hsphmediezd`o îs mredlçds hf setudçío `h resmo ou `hcemeëlmed h suds cdfæieds, thl`o hsth shrveço dprocul`d`o, efpihfhltd`o h `esshfeld`o uf fo`hio `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ” o Fo`hio ^ortdgh. Hf celdes `os dlos 2> d Dssomedçío ^ortdgh h o 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Bospetdi ^h`eätremo `h Moefjrd hf moidjordçío mofhçou d `hshlvoivhr o ^rokhto Elthgrd`o `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh (^EE^) mof rhsuitd`os jdstdlth posetevos. Lo shguefhlto `os rhsuitd`os ojte`os por hsth prokhto, `os dpoeos celdlmheros quh cordf shl`o dtrejuæ`os d prokhtos `hsth tepo, hltrh outros cdtorhs, dssesth-sh do iolgo `os dlos 5> î proiechrdçío `h ^rokhtos `h  `h  Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh hf to`o o pdæs.  pdæs.   Xls mof fhibor qudie`d`h `h shrveços quh outros hlmoltrdfos, bokh, por to`o o pdæs prokhtos quh `hshlvoivhf progrdfds `h elthrvhlçío kulto `h cdfæieds mof mredlçds mof lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes. Dtudifhlth, hf ^ortugdi, lío hxesth uldlefe`d`h  uldlefe`d`h  sojrh o quh sh hlthl`h por Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh. Xfd rhdie`d`h quh sh kustecemd porquh o molmheto thf se`o crhquhlthfhlth dpiemd`o d `echrhlths fo`hios h prätemds fueto `evhrsds. Digufds vhzhs, ds prätemds preveihgedf `hthrfeld`os dsphtos; ou mof mdrämthr `h prhvhlçío prefäred (hvetdr quh ds `ecemui`d`hs omorrdf), promurdl`o dtudr dlths quh surkdf setudçøhs projihfätemds, hsshlmedifhlth hf mol`eçøhs `h resmo (grdve`hz `h resmo, fíhs d`oihsmhlths, popuidçøhs hf `hsvdltdghf someohmolýfemd, htm.). O hlcoquh `hsth tepo `h elthrvhlçío mhltrd-sh ld rh`uçío `d elme`ëlmed `h setudçøhs projihfätemds, ou (]efholssol, 4550)1 ^rhvhlçío shmul`äred, quh vesd fhibordr ds `ecemui`d`hs mof vestd î sud hiefeldçío, dtrdvås `d ojthlçío

`h

mofphtëlmeds

ou

mofportdfhltos

mofphlsdtýreos

(]efholssof, 4550)1 ^rhvhlçío thrmeäred, lo shlte`o `h fhibordr h lío phrfeter o dgrdvdfhlto `ds `ecemui`d`hs `ds mredlçds mof LHH, kä d`quere`ds. Dque o hlcoquh hstdrä lufd elthrvhlçío rhdjeietdtevd elme`el`o lhssds setudçøhs (]efholssol, 4550, p.83). Outro cdtor quh `estelguh ds prätemds hstä rhidmeold`o mof o ihquh htäreo djrdlge`o phios progrdfds `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh. D elthrvhlçío prhmomh `hvhrä djdrmdr mredlçds `os > dos 3 dlos, prhchrhlmedifhlth `os > dos = dlos. @hstd corfd, bä progrdfds `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh quh dthl`hf mredlçds mof e`d`hs fueto `evhrsecemd`ds, djdrmdl`o uf ihquh htäreo quh sh hsthl`h `hs`h o phræo`o quh sh shguh efh`edtdfhlth do ldsmefhlto, dtå dquhih hf quh d mredlçd kä crhquhltd c rhquhltd o kdr`ef-`h-elcêlmed.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 0

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Shrecemd-sh, del`d, d hxestëlmed `h diguls progrdfds `h elthrvhlçío mof d cdfæied lo phræo`o prå-ldtdi. Molcorfh Jooas-Gull & Bhdrl (452:), o thrfo prhmome`d`h `hcelh uf molkulto `h dçøhs quh tëf elæmeo fhsfo dlths `o ldsmefhlto. Hstd å ufd phrsphtevd quh vdiorezd d efportêlmed `d qudie`d`h `h ve`d `d cdfæied h, sojrhtu`o, `d gräve`d. D quhstío `d 7 prhmome`d`h `d elthrvhlçío prhl`h-sh mof d `hthçío h `edglýstemo `ds setudçøhs h morrhspol`hlth seldiezdçío. Os molmhetos quh rhchrefos, rhchrefos, prhmome`d`h h prhvhlçío, elhrhlths î prätemd `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh sío tdfjåf mofuls d outro tepo `h prätemds. Lhsshs mdsos, do molträreo `o quh dmolthmh ld Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh, lío hstä sujkdmhlth d quhstío `d cdexd htäred sojrh o qudi sh prhthl`h elthrver, fds d lhmhsse`d`h `h dger dlths quh ufd `hthrfeld`d setudçío sh dgrdvh. Lo hltdlto, fuetos `hsths molmhetos molcul`hf-sh crhquhlthfhlth mof o `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh. Jdmb (452=) e`hltecemd diguls `hihs; @hthçío ^rhmomh ^rhmomh - hstd ghrdifhlth iegd`d d hstu`os hpe`hfeoiýgemos, quh uteiezdl`o `echrhlths fhto`oiogeds thltdf rhchrhlmedr popuidçøhs `h resmo1 resmo1 @edglýstemo ^rhmomh  ^rhmomh  ”  rhchrh-sh î rhmoibd `h `d`os hf `hthrfeld`os grupos, quh possdf shrver `h jdsh î dpiemdçío `h uf molkulto `h rhspostds `echrhlmed`ds h el`eve`udiezd`ds1 Phrdped ^rhmomh  ^rhmomh  ”  `ez rhspheto, fuetds vhzhs, dos dsphtos jeo`hshlvoivefhltdes h efpiemd, sojrhtu`o, d fhibored `o hstd`o cæsemo h psemoiýgemo ghrdi. Zhportd-sh d uf molkulto `h fh`e`ds hsshlmedifhlth thrdpëutemds1 H`umdçío ^rhmomh  ^rhmomh  ” `ez rhspheto î elthrvhlçío do lævhi h`umdmeoldi, lo shlte`o `h hstdjhihmhr uf molkulto `h fh`e`ds quh dku`hf d mredlçd d d`querer o fdeor lûfhro possævhi `h mofphtëlmeds, thl`o hf vestd o shu `hshlvoivefhlto1 Hstefuidçío ^rhmomh  ^rhmomh  ”  rhportd-sh d uf molkulto `h dçøhs quh po`hf shr thrdpëutemds h h`umdtevds, rhcihtel`o `erhtdfhlth ld mredlçd, lo shlte`o `h hstefuidr os promhssos `h dprhl`ezdghf lo êfjeto shlsoredi, fotor, `d ielgudghf, hfomeoldi h somedi. Os molmhetos dmefd rhchre`os, por vhzhs sujkdmhlths îs prätemds `hshlvoive`ds h prýxefos `o quh sh hlthl`h 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 8

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed por Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh, lío `hvhf shr molcul`e`os mof hstd. D Elthrvhlçío

^rhmomh, ^rhmomh,

hfjord

hlvoivhl`o

prätemds

quh

tëf

crhquhlthfhlth d vhr mof d thrdped, d h`umdçío h d hstefuidçío prhmomhs, efpiemd ufd elthrvhlçío fueto fdes djrdlghlth. O ]LE^E djrdlgh ds mredlçds hltrh os > h os 3 dlos, dlos , mof dithrdçøhs lds culçøhs ou hstruturds `o morpo quh iefetdf d pdrtemepdçío lds dteve`d`hs tæpemds pdrd d rhsphtevd e`d`h h molthxto somedi ou mof resmo grdvh `h dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto, jhf mofo ds suds cdfæieds.

Ojkhtevos `o ]LE^E; ]LE^E; O ]LE^E thf os shguelths ojkhtevos; ojkhtevos; d) Dsshgurdr îs mredlçds d prothçío `os shus `erhetos h o `hshlvoivefhlto `ds suds mdpdme`d`hs, dtrdvås `h dçøhs `h E^E hf to`o o thrretýreo ldmeoldi1 j) @hthtdr h seldiezdr to`ds ds mredlçds mof resmo `h dithrdçøhs ou dithrdçøhs lds culçøhs h hstruturds `o morpo ou resmo grdvh `h dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto1 m) Elthrver, dpýs d `hthçío h seldiezdçío los thrfos `d diælhd dlthreor, hf culçío `ds lhmhsse`d`hs `o molthxto cdfeiedr `h md`d mredlçd hihgævhi, `h fo`o d prhvhler ou rh`uzer os resmos `h dtrdso lo `hshlvoivefhlto1 `) Dpoedr ds cdfæieds lo dmhsso d shrveços h rhmursos `os sesthfds `d shgurdlçd somedi, `d sdû`h h `d h`umdçío1 h) Hlvoivhr d mofule`d`h dtrdvås `d mredçío `h fhmdlesfos drtemuid`os `h suporth somedi.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 3

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

Fo`hio `h elthrvhlçío h drtemuidçío H`umdçío h ]hgurdlçd ]omedi;

”  ]dû`h,

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ” ]LE^E Ld shquëlmed `os prelmæpeos hstdjhihme`os ld Molvhlçío `ds Ldçøhs Xle`ds `os @erhetos `d Mredlçd h lo êfjeto `o ^idlo `h Dmío pdrd d Elthgrdçío `ds ^hssods mof @hcemeëlmed ou Elmdpdme`d`h :>>3-:>>5, coe mred`o, do djrego `o @hmrhto ” Ihe l» :24/:>>5, pujiemd`o lo @eäreo `d Zhpûjiemd d 3 `h Outujro, o ]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed (]LE^E).

O ]LE^E culmeold dtrdvås `d dtudçío moor`hld`d `os Feleståreos `o Prdjdibo h Prdjdibo  h `d ]oie`dreh`d`h ]omedi, `d H`umdçío h `d ]dû`h, molkultdfhlth mof o hlvoivefhlto `ds cdfæieds h `d mofule`d`h. O ]LE^E thf d fessío `h gdrdlter d Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed   (E^E), hlthl`hl`o-sh mofo uf molkulto `h fh`e`ds `h dpoeo elthgrd`o mhltrd`o ld mredlçd h ld cdfæied, elmiuel`o dçøhs `h ldturhzd prhvhltevd h rhdjeietdtevd, lo êfjeto `d h`umdçío, `d sdû`h h `d dçío somedi. D elthrvhlçío prhmomh kulto `h mredlçds dtå dos 3 dlos `h e`d`h , mof dithrdçøhs ou hf resmo `h dprhshltdr dithrdçøhs lds hstruturds ou culçøhs `o morpo, thl`o hf ielbd `h moltd o shu lorfdi `hshlvoivefhlto, molstetue uf elstrufhlto poiætemo `o fdeor dimdlmh ld molmrhtezdçío `o `erheto î pdrtemepdçío somedi `hssds mredlçds h `os kovhls h d`uitos hf quh sh erío torldr. Dsshgurdr d to`os o `erheto î pdrtemepdçío h î elmiusío somedi lío po`h `hexdr `h molstetuer preore`d`h poiætemd `h uf Govhrlo mofprofhte`o mof d qudie`d`h `d `hfomrdmed h `os shus vdiorhs `h mohsío somedi. Tudlto fdes prhmomhfhlth corhf dmeold`ds ds elthrvhlçøhs h ds poiætemds quh dchtdf o mrhsmefhlto h o `hshlvoivefhlto `ds mdpdme`d`hs bufdlds, fdes mdpdzhs sh torldf ds phssods `h pdrtemepdr dutolofdfhlth ld ve`d somedi h fdes iolgh sh po`h er ld morrhçío `ds iefetdçøhs culmeoldes `h oreghf. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 7

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed D ophrdmeoldiezdçío `o ]LE^E  ]LE^E  prhssupøh dsshgurdr uf sesthfd `h elthrdçío hltrh ds cdfæieds h ds elstetueçøhs h, ld prefherd ielbd, ds `d sdû`h, pdrd quh to`os os mdsos shkdf `hve`dfhlth e`hltecemd`os h seldiezd`os tío rdpe`dfhlth qudlto possævhi. Dssef, `hvhf shr dmeold`os os fhmdlesfos lhmhssäreos î lhmhssäreos  î `hceleçío `h uf pidlo el`eve`udi (^idlo El`eve`udi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ” ^EE^) dthlto îs lhmhsse`d`hs `ds cdfæieds, d shr hidjord`o por Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío (HIE), fuite`esmepieldrhs, quh rhprhshlthf to`os os shrveços quh sío mbdfd`os d elthrver. O ^EE^ `hvh molstetuer-sh mofo uf elstrufhlto `h orgdlezd`or pdrd orgdlezd`or pdrd ds cdfæieds h pdrd os processeoldes hlvoive`os, hstdjhihmhr uf `edglýstemo d`hqud`o, thl`o hf moltd lío dphlds os projihfds, fds tdfjåf o pothlmedi `h `hshlvoivefhlto `d mredlçd, d pdr `ds dithrdçøhs d eltro`uzer lo fheo dfjehlth pdrd quh tdi pothlmedi sh possd dcerfdr. Dssef, o sesthfd `h elthrvhlçío prhmomh `hvh prhmomh `hvh dsshltdr ld ulevhrsdie`d`h `o dmhsso, ld rhspolsdjeiezdçío `os tåmlemos h `os orgdlesfos pûjiemos h ld morrhspol`hlth mdpdme`d`h `h rhspostd. @hsth fo`o, å mrumedi elthgrdr, tío prhmomhfhlth qudlto possævhi, lds `hthrfeldlths hsshlmedes rhidtevds î cdfæied, os shrveços `h sdû`h, ds mrhmbhs, os kdr`els-`h-elcêlmed h d hsmoid.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 2

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Orgdlezdçío h mofphtëlmeds - Fhto`oioged `h elthrvhlçío `os orgdlesfos mofphthlths

Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío (HIE) Molstetuæ`ds por hquepds piure`esmepieldrhs mof jdsh hf pdrmhreds elstetumeoldes hlvoivhl`o väreos processeoldes; H`umd`orhs `h elcêlmed `h E^1 Hlchrfhero(s)1 Få`emo( s) `h cdfæied/ph`edtrd(s), outros1 Dssesthlths somedes1 ^semýiogos1 Phrdphutds, h outros Mofphth îs hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío; d) E`hltecemdr ds mredlçds h cdfæieds efh`edtdfhlth hihgævhes pdrd o ]LE^E1 j) Dsshgurdr d vegeiêlmed îs mredlçds h cdfæieds quh, hfjord lío efh`edtdfhlth hihgævhes, rhquhrhf dvdiedçío phreý`emd, `hve`o î ldturhzd `os shus cdtorhs `h resmo h projdjeie`d`hs `h hvoiuçío hvoiuçío11 m) Hlmdfelbdr mredlçds h cdfæieds lío hihgævhes, fds mdrhlmed`ds `h dpoeo somedi1 `) Hidjordr h hxhmutdr o ^EE^ hf culçío c ulçío `o `edglýstemo `d setudçío1 h) E`hltecemdr lhmhsse`d`hs h rhmursos `ds mofule`d`hs `d sud ärhd `h elthrvhlçío, `eldfezdl`o rh`hs corfdes h elcorfdes `h dpoeo somedi1 c) Drtemuidr, shfprh quh sh kustecequh, mof ds mofessøhs `h prothçío `h mredlçds h kovhls h mof os lûmihos `d dçío `h sdû`h `h mredlçds h kovhls hf resmo ou outrds hlte`d`hs mof dteve`d`h ld ärhd `d prothçío elcdltei1 g) Dsshgurdr, pdrd md`d mredlçd, promhssos `h trdlseçío d`hqud`os pdrd outros progrdfds, shrveços ou molthxtos h`umdtevos1 b) Drtemuidr mof os `omhlths `ds mrhmbhs h kdr`els -`h-elcêlmed hf quh sh hlmoltrhf moiomd`ds ds mredlçds elthgrd`ds hf E^E. E^E .

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 5

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Mofessío `h Moor`hldçío; Phf mofo prelmepdi dtrejueçío  dtrejueçío  dsshgurdr d drtemuidçío `ds dçøhs `hshlvoive`ds do lævhi `h md`d feleståreo Molstetuæ`d por rhprhshltdlths; Feleståreo `d ]oie`dreh`d`h h `d ]hgurdlçd ]omedi (F]]) Feleståreo `d H`umdçío h Meëlmed (FHM) Feleståreo `d ]dû`h (F]) Mofphtëlmeds; Mofphth î Mofessío dsshgurdr d dsshgurdr  d drtemuidçío `ds dçøhs `hshlvoive`ds do lævhi `h md`d feleståreo, h hf hsphmedi; Drtemuidr ds dçøhs `os feleståreos dtrdvås `os `hpdrtdfhltos `hsegld`os rhspolsävhes pdrd o hcheto1 Dsshgurdr d molstetueçío `h hquepds fuite`esmepieldrhs elthrfelesthredes pdrd dpoeo dos ^EE^1 Dmofpdlbdr, rhguidfhltdr h dvdiedr o culmeoldfhlto `o ]LE^E1 @hceler mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h `ds mredlçds, elstrufhltos `h dvdiedçío h promh`efhltos lhmhssäreos î hxhquejeie`d`h `os ^EE^1 Hidjordr o pidlo dludi `h dçío, hstdjhihmhl`o ojkhtevos d lævhi ldmeoldi1 ]esthfdtezdr elcorfdçío h hidjordr uf gued ldmeoldi `h rhmursos, hlqudlto rhgesto `h mojhrturd `d rh`h `h E^]], `h dgrupdfhltos hsmoidrhs `h rhchrëlmed h `d rh`h `h mue`d`os `h sdû`h prefäreos1 Mredr ufd jdsh `h `d`os ldmeoldi, mof vestd î mhltrdiezdçío `d elcorfdçío phrtelhlth rhidtevd îs mredlçds dmofpdlbd`ds phio ]LE^E, los thrfos d `hceler hf portdred `os fhfjros `o Govhrlo rhspolsävhes phids ärhds `d soie`dreh`d`h somedi, `d sdû`h h `d h`umdçío, sukhetd d molsuitd î Mofessío Ldmeoldi `h ^rothçío `h @d`os1 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 4>

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ^rofovhr d corfdçío h d elvhstegdçío lo êfjeto `d E^E1 Dprhshltdr dos fhfjros `o Govhrlo rhspolsävhes phids ärhds `d soie`dreh`d`h somedi, `d sdû`h h `d h`umdçío, rhidtýreos dludes `h dteve`d`h1 ^romh`hr d ufd dvdiedçío jedludi `o ]LE^E.

]ujmofessøhs `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldi; ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi Lorth ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi Mhltro ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi Iesjod h Sdih `o Phko ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi Dihlthko ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi Digdrvh Molstetuæ`ds por processeoldes `hsegld`os phio = Feleståreos. Mofphtëlmeds; Dpoedr d Mofessío `h Moor`hldçío `o ]LE^E h trdlsfeter ds suds orehltdçøhs dos processeoldes quh mofpøhf ds Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío (HIE) Moor`hldr d ghstío `h rhmursos bufdlos, fdthredes h celdlmheros, shgul`o orehltdçøhs `o pidlo ldmeoldi `h dçío1 ^romh`hr î rhmoibd h dtudiezdçío moltælud `d elcorfdçío `espolævhi h do ihvdltdfhlto `h lhmhsse`d`hs `d Zhgeío, moltrejuel`o pdrd d jdsh `h `d`os ldmeoldi1 ^idlhdr, orgdlezdr h drtemuidr d dçío `hshlvoive`d mof ds hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío h os lûmihos `h suphrvesío tåmlemd1 Dmofpdlbdr d efpihfhltdçío `ds hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío1 @hsegldr o hihfhlto moor`hld`or `h md`d HIE1 Elthgrdr/dmofpdlbdr os lûmihos `h suphrvesío tåmlemd `h `efhlsío `estretdi, molstetuæ`os por processeoldes `ds väreds ärhds `h elthrvhlçío `ds 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 44

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed hlte`d`hs prhvestds lo l.» 4, `o drtego 4» `o prhshlth rhguidfhlto, po`hl`o molve`dr pdrd o hcheto phrsoldie`d`hs `ds ärhds mehltæcemds h dmd`åfemd.

Lûmihos `h ]uphrvesío Påmlemd; Molstetuæ`os por processeoldes `ds väreds ärhds `h ärhds  `h elthrvhlçío `o F]]], F], FH mof corfdçío corf dçío h rhmolbhme`d hxphreëlmed ld ärhd `d E^E D dteve`d`h `os L]P `hshlvoivh-sh L]P  `hshlvoivh-sh `h dmor`o mof os ^idlos `h Dçío `ds ]ujmofessøhs `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldes (]MZ) dssufel`o-sh hlqudlto hstruturds `h dpoeo quhr îs ]MZ, quhr îs HIE.

Culçøhs ghlåremds `h dpoeo îs ]ujmofessøhs `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldes (]MZ); Dpoedr d ]MZ ld drtemuidçío `erhtd mof ds hlte`d`hs iomdes rhspolsävhes phios processeoldes dchtos îs HIE (DMH], Dgrupdfhltos `h Hsmoids h Elstetueçøhs mof protomoios mof o E]])1 ^idlhdr, orgdlezdr h dvdiedr o culmeoldfhlto `ds HIE hf drtemuidçío mof d ]MZ1 ^romh`hr î rhmoibd h dtudiezdçío moltælud `d elcorfdçío `espolævhi lds HIE h do ihvdltdfhlto `ds lhmhsse`d`hs ld sud ärhd `h Elthrvhlçío1 E`hltecemdr, hf md`d @estreto, phrsoldie`d`hs `ds ärhds mehltæcemd h dmd`åfemd mof corfdçío h rhmolbhme`d hxphreëlmed ld ärhd `d E^E, quh possdf moidjordr mof os L]P1 Dpoedr d corfdçío h d elvhstegdçío lo êfjeto `d E^E hf hstrhetd moidjordçío mof d ]MZ.

Culçøhs hsphmæcemds `h dpoeo îs Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío (HIE) h î mofule`d`h 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 4:

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Dläiesh h vhrecemdçío `d dpiemdçío `os mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h `h mredlçds rhchrhlmed`ds pdrd ds HIE1 Dläiesh h foletorezdçío `d dpiemdjeie`d`h `os molmhetos `h vegeiêlmed h `h hlmdfelbdfhlto `ds setudçøhs rhchrhlmed`ds pdrd outros shrveços1 ]uporth h dmofpdlbdfhlto tåmlemo do trdjdibo `hshlvoive`o phids HIE, lofhd`dfhlth lo quh sh rhchrh î foletorezdçío `d molstruçío h orgdlezdçío `os ^romhssos El`eve`udes `ds Mredlçds djrdlge`ds, jhf mofo î dvdiedçío `ds fh`e`ds h dçøhs prhvestds lo ^EE^, profovhl`o d sud rhd`hqudçío, shfprh quh os progrhssos sh fdlechsthf elsucemehlths1 elsuc emehlths1 Dpoedr h dmofpdlbdr d mdpdmetdçío `os processeoldes `ds HIE, cdmh do fo`hio molmhptudi, o qudi quh sh trd`uz luf fo`hio `h elthrvhlçío mhltrd`o ld cdfæied h ld mofule`d`h, jdshd`o lds prhomupdçøhs h corçds `d cdfæied h lo rhcorço `ds suds mofphtëlmeds, Dpoedr ds HIE ld d`oçío `h uf fo`hio `h culmeoldfhlto trdls`esmepieldr, profovhl`o ufd `elêfemd `h pdrteibd `h sdjhrhs thýremos h thýremo-prätemos hltrh os väreos processeoldes1 Dpoedr ds HIE ld drtemuidçío mof ds `echrhlths hlte`d`hs mof mofphtëlmed hf fdtåred `h elcêlmed h kuvhltu`h, lo shlte`o `h `hceler promh`efhltos h mermuetos `h seldiezdçío, ^rofovhr mof ds HIE o `edglýstemo `h lhmhsse`d`hs h `h rhmursos `d mofule`d`h, por corfd d `eldfezdr rh`hs `h suporth corfdes c orfdes h elcorfdes.

Lûmihos `h ]uphrvesío Påmlemd; O @hmrhto-Ihe :24/:>>5 `h hlqud`rdfhlto `o ]LE^E `hcelh ld diælhd h) `o l» 0 `o drtego 3» ds mofphtëlmeds `ds ]ujmofessøhs `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldes rhidtevds dos Lûmihos `h ]uphrvesío Påmlemd; 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 4=

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

Elthgrdr lûmihos `h suphrvesío tåmlemd molstetuæ`os por processeoldes `ds väreds ärhds `h elthrvhlçío `os Feleståreos `d ]oie`dreh`d`h h ]hgurdlçd ]omedi, ]dû`h h H`umdçío h Meëlmed, mof corfdçío rhmolbhme`ds ld ärhd `h E^E, po`hl`o shr molve`d`ds pdrd o hcheto phrsoldie`d`hs `ds ärhds mehltæcemd h dmd`åfemd. Coe `hcele`o phid MM del`d lo dlo `h :>4>,  :>4>,   quh os Lûmihos `h ]uphrvesío Påmlemd shredf `h êfjeto `estretdi, `hphl`hlths `ds rhsphtevds ]ujmofessøhs `h Moor`hldçío rhgeoldi, quh dssufhf culçøhs `h `esshfeldçío `h ielbds orehltd`ords mofuls, drtemuidçío h bofoghlhezdçío `o trdjdibo `hshlvoive`o phios `evhrsos Lûmihos, gdrdltel`o `hstd corfd d mohrëlmed orgdlezdtevd h o mufprefhlto `h mofphtëlmeds `hcele`ds lo @hmrhto-Ihe.

Mofposeçío; Zhprhshltdlths `os = Feleståreos ^hrsoldie`d`hs `ds ärhds mehltæcemds h dmd`åfemd mof corfdçío h hxphreëlmed ld ärhd `h E^

Ojkhtevo; Dmofpdlbdfhlto

h

foletorezdçío

`o

trdjdibo

`ds

HIE

lo

`hshlvoivefhlto `ds mofphtëlmeds quh ibh sío dtrejuæ`ds. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 40

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Molthû`os Culmeoldes; Dpoedr d ]ujmofessío `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldi ld drtemuidçío `erhtd mof ds hlte`d`hs iomdes rhspolsävhes phios processeoldes dchtos îs HIE (DMH], Dgrupdfhltos `h Hsmoids h Elstetueçøhs mof protomoios mof o E]])1 E ]])1 ^idlhdr, orgdlezdr h dvdiedr o culmeoldfhlto `ds HIE hf drtemuidçío mof d ]ujmofessío Zhgeoldi1 Z hgeoldi1 ^romh`hr î rhmoibd h dtudiezdçío moltælud `d elcorfdçío `espolævhi ld HIE h do ihvdltdfhlto `ds lhmhsse`d`hs ld sud ärhd `h Elthrvhlçío1 E`hltecemdr, hf md`d @estreto, phrsoldie`d`hs `ds ärhds mehltæcemds h dmd`åfemd mof corfdçío h rhmolbhme`d hxphrehlmed ld ärhd `d E^E, quh possdf moidjordr mof os L]P1 Dpoedr d corfdçío h d elvhstegdçío lo êfjeto `d E^E hf hstrhetd moidjordçío mof d ]ujmofessío `h Moor`hldçío Zhgeoldi Dläiesh `d dpiemdçío `os mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h `h mredlçds rhchrhlmed`ds pdrd ds HIE1 Dläiesh h Foletorezdçío `d dpiemdjeie`d`h `os molmhetos `h vegeiêlmed h `h hlmdfelbdfhlto `ds setudçøhs rhchrhlmed`ds pdrd outros shrveços1 Dmofpdlbdr h hchtudr foletorezdçío `d orgdlezdçío `os ^romhssos El`eve`udes `ds Mredlçds djrdlge`ds phids HIE1 Dmofpdlbdfhlto tåmlemo do trdjdibo `hshlvoive`o phids HIE h profovhr d rhd`hqudçío `h promh`efhltos shfprh quh os progrhssos sh fdlechsthf elsucemehlths

Mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h h hlmdfelbdfhlto @h dmor`o mof o @hmrhto-ihe :24/>5 `h 3 `h Outujro, sío hihgævhes  hihgævhes   pdrd dpoeo lo êfjeto `o ]LE^E, ds mredlçds hltrh os > h os 3 dlos h

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 48

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed rhsphtevds cdfæieds, quh dprhshlthf mol`eçøhs elmiuæ`ds los shguelths grupos; 4 - «Dithrdçøhs lds culçøhs ou hstruturds `o morpo± quh iefetdf o lorfdi `hshlvoivefhlto h d pdrtemepdçío lds dteve`d`hs tæpemds, thl`o hf moltd os rhchrhlmedes `h `hshlvoivefhlto prýpreos, pdrd d rhsphtevd e`d`h h molthxto somedi1 : - «Zesmo grdvh `h dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto± phid hxestëlmed `h mol`eçøhs jeoiýgemds, psemodchmtevds ou dfjehltdes, quh efpiemdf ufd ditd projdjeie`d`h `h dtrdso rhihvdlth lo `hshlvoivefhlto `d mredlçd. ]ío hihgævhes pdrd dmhsso do ]LE^E, ]LE^E , to`ds ds mredlçds `o 4» grupo h ds mredlçds `o :», quh dmufuihf 0 ou fdes cdtorhs `h resmo jeoiýgemo h/ou dfjehltdi. Pdi mofo coe hfperemdfhlth `hfolstrd`o, hsth lûfhro molstetue o polto `h mbdrlherd pdrd uf dufhlto sujstdlmedi `o hcheto `o resmo (hcheto mufuidtevo `o resmo). @hceleçøhs; Culçøhs `o Morpo  Morpo  - ]ío ds culçøhs ceseoiýgemds `os sesthfds orgêlemos (elmiuel`o ds culçøhs psemoiýgemds ou `d fhlth) Hstruturds `o Morpo Morpo - ]ío ds pdrths dldtýfemds `o morpo, tdes mofo, ýrgíos, fhfjros h shus mofpolhlths. Dteve`d`h   å d hxhmuçío `h ufd tdrhcd ou dçío por uf el`evæ`uo. Dteve`d`h Iefetdçøhs `d dteve`d`h sío `ecemui`d`hs quh o el`evæ`uo po`h thr ld hxhmuçío `h dteve`d`hs. ^drtemepdçío å ^drtemepdçío  å o hlvoivefhlto `h uf el`evæ`uo lufd setudçío `d ve`d rhdi. Zhstreçøhs ld pdrtemepdçío  pdrtemepdçío  sío projihfds quh uf el`evæ`uo po`h hlcrhltdr qudl`o hstä hlvoive`o hf setudçøhs `d ve`d rhdi.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 43

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed 4 - Mredlçds mof dithrdçøhs lds culçøhs ou hstruturds `o morpo  morpo   4.4 Dtrdso `h @hshlvoivefhlto shf @hshlvoivefhlto shf hteoioged molbhme`d, djrdlghl`o ufd ou fdes ärhds (fotord, cæsemd, mogletevd, `d ielgudghf h mofulemdçío, hfomeoldi, somedi h d`dptdtevd), vdie`d`o por dvdiedçío cul`dfhltd`d, chetd por processeoldi mofphthlth pdrd o hcheto. 4.: Mol`eçøhs Hsphmæcemds  Hsphmæcemds  ” Jdshedf-sh luf `edglýstemo rhidmeold`o mof setudçøhs quh sh dssomedf d dtrdso `o `hshlvoivefhlto, hltrh outrds; Dlofdied mrofossýfemd (p. hx. Pressofed :4, Pressofed 42, ]el`rofd `h R-Crdgei) ^hrturjdçío lhuroiýgemd (p. hx. pdrdiesed mhrhjrdi, lhurocejrofdtosh) Fdicorfdçøhs molgåletds (p. hx. sel`rofds poiefdicorfdtevos) @ohlçd fhtdjýiemd (p. hx. fumopoiesdmdre`oshs, giemoghloshs) @åcemh shlsoredi (p. hx. jdexd vesío/mhguherd, sur`hz) ^hrturjdçøhs rhidmeold`ds mof hxposeçío prå-ldtdi d dghlths thrdtogålemos ou d ldrmýtemos, momdæld h outrds `rogds (p. hx. sel`rofd chtdi dimoýiemo) ^hrturjdçøhs rhidmeold`ds mof elchçøhs shvhrds molgåletds (p. hx. BES, grupo POZMB, fhlelgeth) @ohlçd mrýlemd grdvh (p. hx. tuforhs `o ]LM, @. rhldi, @. bhfdtoiýgemd) @hshlvoivefhlto dtæpemo mof dithrdçøhs ld rhidçío h mofulemdçío (p. hx. phrturjdçøhs `o hsphmtro `o dutesfo) ^hrturjdçøhs grdvhs `d velmuidçío h outrds phrturjdçøhs phrturjdçøhs hfomeoldes.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 47

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed : - Mredlçds mof Zesmo Grdvh `h Dtrdso `h @hshlvoivefhlto :.4 ”  Mredlçds hxpostds d cdtorhs `h resmo jeoiýgemo; Elmiue jeoiýgemo; Elmiue mredlçds quh hstío hf resmo `h ver d fdlechstdr iefetdçøhs ld dteve`d`h h pdrtemepdçío (EMC ”  MU, :>>7) por mol`eçøhs jeoiýgemds quh elthrcerdf midrdfhlth mof d prhstdçío `h mue`d`os jäsemos, mof d sdû`h h o `hshlvoivefhlto. Jdshedf-sh luf `edglýstemo rhidmeold`o mof, hltrh outros; Bestýred cdfeiedr `h dlofdieds ghlåtemds, dssomed`ds d phrturjdçøhs `o `hshlvoivefhlto1 Hxposeçío eltrduthreld d týxemos (äimooi, `rogds `h djuso)1 Mofpiemdçøhs prå-ldtdes shvhrds (Bephrthlsío, toxhfed, elchçøhs, bhforrdgeds, htm.)1 ^rhfdture`d`h 9== shfdlds `h ghstdçío1 Fueto jdexo phso î ldsmhlçd (9 4,8Ag)1 Dtrdso `h Mrhsmefhlto Eltrduthrelo (DMEX); ^hso `h ldsmefhlto 9phrmhltei 4> pdrd o thfpo `h ghstdçío1 Dscexed phreldtdi grdvh (Dpgdr do 8» feluto 90 ou pB `o sdlguh `o mor`ío 97,: ou fdlechstdçøhs lhuroiýgemds ou orgêlemds seståfemds lholdtdes). Mofpiemdçøhs

lholdtdes

grdvhs

(såpses,

fhlelgeth,

dithrdçøhs

fhtdjýiemds ou be`rohihmtroiætemds, molvuisøhs) Bhforrdged eltrdvhltremuidr1 Elchçøhs molgåletds (Grupo POZMB)1 Mredlçd BES posetevd Elchçøhs grdvhs `o sesthfd lhrvoso mhltrdi (Fhlelgeth jdmthredld, fhlelgohlmhcdieth) Prdufdtesfos mrdledlos grdvhs Oteth få`ed mrýlemd mof resmo `h `åcemh du`etevo 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 42

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed :.: - Mredlçds hxpostds d cdtorhs `h resmo dfjehltdi Molse`hrdf-sh mol`eçøhs `h resmo dfjehltdi d hxestëlmed `h cdtorhs pdrhltdes  ou molthxtudes, quh dtudf mofo ojstämuio î dteve`d`h h î pdrhltdes  pdrtemepdçío `d mredlçd (EMC”MU, :>>7), iefetdl`o ds suds oportule`d`hs `h `hshlvoivefhlto h efpossejeietdl`o ou `ecemuitdl`o o shu jhf-hstdr. :.:.4 - ]ío hlthl`e`os mofo cdtorhs `h resmo pdrhltdes, hltrh outros; Fíhs d`oihsmhlths 942 dlos Djuso `h äimooi ou outrds sujstêlmeds d`etevds Fdus-trdtos dtevos (fdus-trdtos cæsemos, hfomeoldes h djuso shxudi) h pdssevos (lhgiegëlmed los mue`d`os jäsemos d prhstdr î mredlçd (sdû`h, diefhltdçío, begehlh h h`umdçío) @ohlçd `o coro psequeätremo @ohlçd cæsemd elmdpdmetdlth ou iefetdtevd :.:.: - Molse`hrdf-sh cdtorhs molthxtudes, hltrh outros; Esoidfhlto   (do lævhi ghogräcemo h `ecemui`d`h lo dmhsso d rhmursos Esoidfhlto corfdes h elcorfdes1 `esmrefeldçío someomuiturdi h åtlemd, rdmedi ou shxudi1 `esmrefeldçío rhiegeosd1 molcietudie`d`h ld rhidçío mof d mredlçd) h/ou ^ojrhzd (rhmurso d jdlmos diefhltdrhs h/ou mhltros `h dpoeo somedi1 `hshfprhgd`os1 cdfæieds jhlhcemeäreds `h Z]E ou `h dpoeos `d dçío somedi)1 @hsorgdlezdçío Cdfeiedr  Cdfeiedr  (molcietudie`d`h cdfeiedr crhquhlth1 lhgiegëlmed `d bdjetdçío d lævhi `d orgdlezdçío `o hspdço h `d begehlh)1 ^rhomupdçøhs dmhltud`ds, dmhltud`ds, hxprhssds por uf `os pdes, phssod quh prhstd mue`d`os î mredlçd ou processeoldi `h sdû`h, rhidtevdfhlth do `hshlvoivefhlto `d mredlçd, do hsteio pdrhltdi ou elthrdçío fíh/pde-mredlçd.

^dphi `ds hquepds iomdes `h elthrvhlçío (HIE) - Drtemuidçío `d elthrvhlçío fuite`esmepieldr

O quh cdzhf ds Hquepds Iomdes `h Elthrvhlçío (HIE)? 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 45

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed E`hltecemdf ds mredlçds h cdfæieds hihgævhes pdrd shrhf `h corfd efh`edtd dpoed`ds lo êfjeto `o ]LE^E1 Dsshgurdf d vegeiêlmed `ds mredlçds h cdfæieds quh, hfjord lío efh`edtdfhlth hihgævhes, rhquherdf dvdiedçío phreý`emd, `hve`o î ldturhzd `os shus cdtorhs `h resmo resm o h projdjeie`d`h `h hvoiuçío1 Hlmdfelbdf ds mredlçds h cdfæieds lío hihgævhes, fds mdrhlmed`ds `h dpoeo somedi1 Hidjordf h hxhmutdf o ^idlo El`eve`udi `d Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh (^EE^), hf culçío `o `edglýstemo `d setudçío1 E`hltecemdf lhmhsse`d`hs h rhmursos `ds mofule`d`hs `d sud ärhd `h elthrvhlçío, `eldfezdl`o rh`hs corfdes h elcorfdes `h dpoeo somedi1 Drtemuidf, shfprh quh sh kustecequh, mof ds mofessøhs `h prothçío `h mredlçds h kovhls, mof os lûmihos lûmihos `d sdû`h `h mredlçds mredlçds h kovhls hf resmo ou outrds hlte`d`hs mof dteve`d`h ld ärhd `d prothçío elcdltei1 Dsshgurdf, pdrd md`d mredlçd, promhssos `h trdlseçío d`hqud`os pdrd outros progrdfds, shrveços ou molthxtos h`umdtevos1 Drtemuidf mof os `omhlths `ds mrhmbhs h kdr`els-`h-elcêlmed hf quh sh hlmoltrhf moiomd`ds ds mredlçds elthgrd`ds hf E^E.

Ol`h hstío iomdiezd`ds ds HIE?; Lorfdifhlth ds HIE dtudf lufd jdsh molmhibed, molmhibed , po`hl`o lo hltdlto, qudl`o tdi sh kustecequh, hlgiojdr väreos molmhibos ou shrhf `hcele`ds por rhchrëlmed d crhguhseds. Lorfdifhlth, ds HIE hlmoltrdf-sh sh`hd`ds los Mhltros `h ]dû`h, ]dû`h , hfjord digufds possdf hstdr sh`hd`ds lds elstdidçøhs `ds Elstetueçøhs ^drtemuidrhs `h ]oie`dreh`d`h ]omedi (E^]]) molvhlmeold`ds pdrd o hcheto, ou hf elstdidçøhs dtrejuæ`ds phids @erhçøhs `h ]hrveços Zhgeoldes `d H`umdçío. Dtrdvås

`o

iela

bttp;//www.`gs.pt/fs/4:/`hcduit.dspx?pi6&e`688:8&dmhss6>, quh elthgrd o

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :>

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed femro seth `d @erhçío-Ghrdi `d ]dû`h sojrh o ]LE^E, po`hrä cemdr d molbhmhr d iomdiezdçío h os moltdtos `ds HIE hxesthlths d lævhi ldmeoldi.

O quh å, dceldi, d Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed? Å o molkulto `h fh`e`ds `h dpoeo elthgrd`o mhltrd`o ld mredlçd h ld cdfæied, elmiuel`o dçøhs `h ldturhzd prhvhltevd h rhdjeietdtevd, lo êfjeto `d h`umdçío, `d sdû`h h `d dçío somedi somedi,, `h corfd d prhvhler o dpdrhmefhlto ou dgrdvdfhlto `os projihfds `d mredlçd h rhcorçdr ds mofphtëlmeds cdfeiedrhs, pdrd quh `h corfd fdes dutýlofd molsegd ie`dr mof d projihfätemd `d mredlçd.

Hf quh setudçøhs ds mredlçds h ds suds cdfæieds po`hf shr dpoed`ds lo êfjeto `o ]LE^E? Ds mredlçds h ds cdfæieds  cdfæieds  po`hf shr dpoed`ds lo êfjeto `o ]LE^E qudl`o dpýs dvdiedçío `d mredlçd h `d sud cdfæied phid HIE, thl`o hf moltd `hthrfeld`os mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h, sh vhrecemdf ds shguelths setudçøhs; Hxestëlmed `h resmo `h d mredlçd  mredlçd   ver d dprhshltdr dithrdçøhs ou dprhshltdr dithrdçøhs lds culçøhs ou hstruturds `o morpo quh iefethf o shu lorfdi `hshlvoivefhlto h d sud pdrtemepdçío lds dteve`d`hs tæpemds pdrd d e`d`h h o molthxto somedi. Hxestëlmed `h ufd setudçío `h resmo grdvh `h  `h   dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto `d mredlçd, cdmh îs mol`eçøhs jeoiýgemds, psemodchmtevds ou dfjehltdes, susmhtævhes `h efpiemdrhf ufd ditd projdjeie`d`h `h dtrdso rhihvdlth lo shu `hshlvoivefhlto.

Tudes sío os/ds processeoldes quh prhstdf dpoeo lds HIE? 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :4

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Hssh dpoeo å prhstd`o por processeolde processeoldess `h corfdçío `evhrsecemd`d `evhrsecemd`d,, dchtos dos orgdlesfos soj d tuthid `os trës Feleståreos (]dû`h, H`umdçío h Meëlmed h ]oie`dreh`d`h, Hfprhgo h ]hgurdlçd ]omedi), corfdl`o `hsth fo`o, ufd hquepd fuite`esmepieldr mofpostd, hltrh outros/ds processeoldes `d ärhd `o `hshlvoivefhlto `d mredlçd, por få`emos/ds, hlchrfheros/ds, thrdphutds, psemýiogos/ds, h`umd`orhs/ds `h elcêlmed, prochssorhs/ds h tåmlemos/ds `h shrveço somedi. Ds HIE po`hf del`d elthgrdr tåmlemos/ds `ds dutdrqueds iomdes ou iomdes  ou `h outrds elstetueçøhs quh `espolbdf `h tåmlemos/ds mof hxphreëlmed lhstd ärhd.

@h quh fo`o å hchtud`d d elthrvhlçío kulto `d mredlçd h cdfæied lo êfjeto `o ]LE^E ? ]h dpýs d dvdiedçío `d setudçío `d mredlçd h `d cdfæied, `h dmor`o mof os mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h dprovd`os phid Mofessío `h Moor`hldçío `o ]LE^E,, d setudçío sh rhvhidr hihgævhi pdrd hchetos `h elthrvhlçío, d hquepd ]LE^E `h elthrvhlçío prhmomh `hcelh lo ^idlo El`eve`udi `h Elthrvhlçío (^EE). Lo ^EE, cemdf rhgestd`ds ds hstrdtågeds h fhtds d dtelger, dtelger , jhf mofo o pdphi d `hshfphlbdr por md`d uf `os elthrvhlehlths lofhd`dfhlth, processeoldes, cdfeiedrhs, ou outrds phssods quh cdzhf pdrth `d roteld `d mredlçd. Dos processeoldes quh prhstdf dthl`efhlto î mredlçd mofphth mredlçd  mofphth elthrver `d corfd fdes d`hqud`d îs suds lhmhsse`d`hs h pothlmedi `h `hshlvoivefhlto, `hvhl`o shr egudifhlth shlsævhes îs prhomupdçøhs h hxphtdtevds `d rhsphtevd cdfæied soiemetdl`o d sud moidjordçío, hf to`ds ds `hmesøhs quh `hmesøhs quh vhlbdf d shr tofd`ds lo promhsso `h elthrvhlçío.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld ::

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed O/d fhu/felbd ceibo/d hstä hf mdsd mofego, mofo po`hrhe jhlhcemedr `os dpoeos do lævhi Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed? Os/ds tåmlemos/ds `ds HIE po`hf `hsiomdr-sh do iomdi ol`h o/d shu/sud ceibo/d sh hlmoltrd, shkd lo `ofemæieo, dfd, mrhmbh ou kdr`ef-`h-elcêlmed. Hstd å ufd quhstío quh `hvhrä shr dmor`d`d mof d hquepd `d HIE, dthl`hl`o î setudçío `d mredlçd h `espolejeie`d`h `os/ds tåmlemos/ds h `d cdfæied.

Tudi d e`d`h `ds mredlçds djrdlge`ds phid Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed? D elthrvhlçío prhmomh  prhmomh  `hsteld-sh d mredlçds mof e`d`hs mofprhhl`e`ds hltrh os > h os 3 dlos `h e`d`h.

H sh d mredlçd mofpihtdr os 3 dlos, dlths `h hltrdr pdrd o 4.» dlo, ou hlmoltrdr-sh lufd setudçío `h d`edfhlto `h fdtræmuid? Lhsths mdsos, o dpoeo quh hstevhr d shr prhstd`o do lævhi `d Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh fdltåf-sh dtå d mredlçd elgrhssdr lo 4.» dlo `o Hlselo Jäsemo.

Molmiuæ`o o dpoeo do lævhi `d Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh, mofo `hvo promh`hr qudl`o o/d fhu/felbd ceibo/d hltrdr pdrd o 4» dlo `o Hlselo Jäsemo? Tudl`o hchtudr d fdtræmuid `o/d shu/sud ceibo/d, `hvh `dr molbhmefhlto î hsmoid ou dgrupdfhlto `h hsmoids `d setudçío `d mredlçd h `os dpoeos quh thf jhlhcemed`o d lævhi `d elthrvhlçío prhmomh, prhmomh, kultdl`o to`d d `omufhltdçío molse`hrd`d rhihvdlth pdrd o promhsso `h dvdiedçío pdrd sh dchrer `d lhmhsse`d`h `h elthrvhlçío do lævhi `d h`umdçío hsphmedi.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :=

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Pdfjåf os/ds Påmlemos/ds  Påmlemos/ds  quh elthrvëf lo dpoeo î mredlçd, po`hf moidjordr lo promhsso `h dvdiedçío, porquh pdrd diåf `d cdfæied, sío ds phssods quh fhibor molbhmhf ds suds lhmhsse`d`hs.

Lo ^EE^ `hvhf molstdr, lo fælefo, os shguelths hihfhltos; d) E`hltecemdçío `os rhmursos h lhmhsse`d`hs `d mredlçd h `d cdfæied1 j) E`hltecemdçío `os dpoeos d prhstdr1 m) El`emdçío `d `dtd `o elæmeo `d hxhmuçío `o pidlo h `o phræo`o provävhi `d sud `urdçío1 `) @hceleçío `d phreo`eme`d`h `d rhdiezdçío `ds dvdiedçøhs, rhdiezd`ds kulto `ds mredlçds h `ds cdfæieds, jhf mofo `o `hshlvoivefhlto `ds rhsphtevds mdpdme`d`hs `h d`dptdçío1 h) ^romh`efhltos quh phrfetdf dmofpdlbdr o promhsso `h trdlseçío `d mredlçd pdrd o molthxto h`umdtevo corfdi, lofhd`dfhlth o hsmoidr1 c) O ^EE^ `hvh drtemuidr -sh mof o ^HE, dqudl`o `d trdlseçío `h mredlçds pdrd d crhquëlmed `h kdr`els -`h -elcêlmed ou hsmoids jäsemds `o 4.» memio. Lotd; DLHRO 4 ” 

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :0

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

^rojihfds `h `hshlvoivefhlto E`hltecemdçío `h seldes `h didrfh - mretåreos `h hihgejeie`d`h @h ufd corfd ghrdi, los prefheros 3-4> fhshs d fhshs d fdeor prhomupdçío å sdjhr mofo mrhsmh o jhjå (qudlto phsd h qudlto fh`h?). @hpoes `os 3 fhshs, o `hshlvoivefhlto fotor mofhçd d thr preore`d`h, mof d fäxefd fhshs, hxphmtdtevd dos 4>-4: fhshs mof d fdrmbd. ]ý fdes tdr`h, por voitd `os 42-:0 fhshs å quh os pdes tofdf fdes dthlçío do dsphto mogletevo, hsphmedifhlth î ielgudghf. ielgudghf. Mrhsmefhlto h `hshlvoivefhlto sío thrfos usd`os fuetds vhzhs mofo selýlefos, fds, ld rhdie`d`h, hihs tëf seglecemd`os `echrhlths; o mrhsmefhlto å o dufhlto `h tdfdlbo `ds hstruturds, hlqudlto o `hshlvoivefhlto å o dufhlto `h mofpihxe`d`h `o mofportdfhlto `d mredlçd.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :8

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Dtudifhlth, os projihfds `o `hshlvoivefhlto h `o mofportdfhlto  mofportdfhlto   sío fueto crhquhlths, bdvhl`o hstu`os quh rhchrhf quh ufd hf md`d melmo mredlçds sío dtelge`ds por hsth tepo `h projihfds h mhrmd `h fhtd`h `os mdsos surghf hf mredlçds shf cdtorhs `h resmo.  resmo.  Midro quh os `åcemhs grdvhs sío bdjetudifhlth `hthtd`os mh`o, fds os iegheros, quh sío os fdes crhquhlths, fuetds vhzhs sý sío rhmolbhme`os qudl`o d mredlçd vde pdrd d hsmoid. Hsths lûfhros `hvhf, por se, shr sucemehlths pdrd quh o få`emo hsthkd dihrtd h thlth `hthtä-ios o fdes mh`o possævhi, poes sý ufd elthrvhlçío dthfpd`d po`h dku`dr d rhmuphrdr ou d rhdjeietdr d mredlçd.

Tudes sío ds mdusds? Ds mdusds `h dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto sío väreds, väreds , `hs`h ds pråldtdes (por hxhfpio, molsufo `h äimooi, `ohlçds mrofossýfemds, sæl`rofhs ghlåtemos), dos projihfds rhidmeold`os mof o phræo`o phrepdrto (por hxhfpio, dscexed, elchçøhs) ou quh dpdrhmhf posthreorfhlth (por hxhfpio, `ohlçds fhtdjýiemds, hl`ýmrelds, fdilutreçío, dme`hlths, `hshqueiæjreos dchtevos). D grdve`d`h `ds setudçøhs vdred molse`hrdvhifhlth, shl`o rdros os qud`ros miælemos "puros", ou shkd, bä ghrdifhlth ufd ärhd quh å fdes dchtd`d, dssomedl`o-sh ufd såreh `h outros projihfds quh projihfds quh rhsuitdf `h ihsøhs fhlorhs lds ärhds mhrhjrdes vezelbds (por hxhfpio, dithrdçøhs fotords ld pdrdiesed mhrhjrdi, mhrhjrdi , crhquhlthfhlth dssomed`ds d dtrdso fhltdi, `åcemhs vesudes ou du`etevos, htm.).

Mofo dvdiedr? D dvdiedçío `o `hshlvoivefhlto  `hshlvoivefhlto  å uf `os mofpolhlths hsshlmedes `ds molsuitds phreý`emds `h sdû`h elcdltei, hxestel`o lo Joihtef `h ]dû`h El`eve`udi (ievrelbo dzui ou rosd) ufd provd `h rdstrheo sefpihs quh comd ds dqueseçøhs chetds por 58% `ds mredlçds lo 4.» dlo `h ve`d. Lo hltdlto, d elcorfdçío `h ufd fíh  fíh  sojrh o mofportdfhlto `o shu ceibo `hvh shr shfprh ouve`d mof dthlçío, hsphmedifhlth sh bä digufd prhomupdçío hsphmæcemd. O `hshlvoivefhlto å uf promhsso hf molstdlth hvoiuçío, quh `hphl`h hsshlmedifhlth `o mrhsmefhlto h `echrhlmedçío `o sesthfd lhrvoso mhltrdi h lo qudi bä ufd elthrdçío moltælud `d mredlçd mof o ful`o quh d ro`hed. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :3

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Dphsdr `ds grdl`hs vdredçøhs elthrel`eve`udes, elthrel`eve`udes , quh torldf `ecæmei d `hceleçío hxdtd `os pd`røhs `h lorfdie`d`h, ds dqueseçøhs promhssdf-sh shfprh `h ufd corfd ulecorfh h shquhlmedi lds `evhrsds ärhds (por hxhfpio, prefhero shgurd d mdjhçd, `hpoes shltd-sh), portdlto, `h ufd corfd prhvesævhi. Mofo mdrdmthræstemds ghrdes `o `hshlvoivefhlto, po`hfos `ezhr quh, pdrd diåf `h shr uf promhsso moltæluo, hf quh sh uteiezdf "htdpds" mofo poltos `h rhchrëlmed pdrd cdmeietdr d sud `hsmreçío, hih å giojdi, mof ds suds `echrhlths ärhds rhidmeold`ds h `hphl`hlths `h elciuëlmeds mofuls h, fueto efportdlth, md`d mredlçd å ûlemd. Hfjord o hsquhfd `h `hshlvoivefhlto shkd mofuf d to`ds ds mredlçds, ds `echrhlçds `h mdrämthr, `h pothlmedie`d`hs cæsemds h `o fheo dfjehlth hxpiemdf dfjehlth hxpiemdf por quh rdzío mredlçds `d fhsfd e`d`h, totdifhlth lorfdes, po`hf `hshlvoivhr-sh d retfos `echrhlths1 o jhjå quh, por hxhfpio, dl`d dos 44 fhshs lío hstä fdes phrto `d lorfdie`d`h `o quh dquhih quh o cdz dos 43 ou 42 fhshs. Ghrdifhlth, ufd mredlçd quh elemedifhlth progrh`eu fueto `hprhssd, vde `efeluer o retfo `ds suds dqueseçøhs h "shr dpdlbd`d" por outrd quh pdrhmed dtrdsd`d diguls fhshs. Dssef, å prhmeso thr ufd vesío giojdi `d mredlçd h `ds mol`eçøhs quh d ro`hedf pdrd sh po`hr dvdiedr morrhtdfhlth md`d setudçío.

Tudes ds ärhds cul`dfhltdes? Os pdrêfhtros `h dvdiedçío `o `hshlvoivefhlto `h ufd uf d mredlçd hstío mredlçd hstío orgdlezd`os hf qudtro ärhds cul`dfhltdes; c ul`dfhltdes; D posturd h d fotreme`d`h f otreme`d`h giojdi D vesío h d fotreme`d`h celd D du`eçío h d ielgudghf O mofportdfhlto h d d`dptdçío somedi. @hpoes, md`d ufd `hstds ärhds thf väreds vhrthlths. Dssef, por hxhfpio, ld dvdiedçío `o mofportdfhlto somedi, somedi, å prhmeso sdjhr lío sý sh d mredlçd å dutýlofd (d vhster-sh, d mofhr, ld sud begehlh) fds tdfjåf mofo sh rhidmeold mof os outros. Po`ds ds ärhds sío efportdlths pdrd quh d mredlçd 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :7

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed dtelkd ufd dutolofed totdi, fds lhf to`ds tëf o fhsfo vdior rhidtevdfhlth î mdpdme`d`h cuturd `o shu `hshfphlbo. D fotreme`d`h giojdi  `hphl`h prelmepdifhlth `d fdturdçío `o sesthfd lhrvoso mhltrdi h giojdi  poumo `os hstæfuios `o fheo dfjehlth h å d quh thf fhlor morrhidçío mof d elthiegëlmed cuturd. cuturd. ^drd o `hshlvoivefhlto `d fotreme`d`h  fotreme`d`h  celd å lhmhssäred d elthgre`d`h `d vesío, `d moor`hldçío ýmuio-fdludi h `d elthgrdçío `hstds d lævhi mogletevo, po`hl`o uf projihfd lhstd ärhd rhsuitdr `h uf `åcemh hf qudiquhr `dquhihs lævhes. D ielgudghf å d ärhd quh fdes sh morrhidmeold mof o lævhi mogletevo cuturo h cuturo h d sud dvdiedçío lío sh `hvh elemedr mof ds prefherds pdidvrds, molse`hrdl`o-sh dtudifhlth os mofportdfhltos prå-ielguæstemos (d dthlçío, o sorreso somedi, o pdirheo) mofo os prefheros el`emd`orhs `o `hshlvoivefhlto `d ielgudghf h, fdes tdr`h, `o `hshlvoivefhlto elthihmtudi. Celdifhlth, o mofportdfhlto h d d`dptdçío somedi `hphl`hf fueto `h cdtorhs dfjehltdes, lofhd`dfhlth `o fheo muiturdi hf quh d mredlçd hstä elshre`d.

Tuh tepo `h dithrdçøhs sío possævhes? Ds dithrdçøhs `o `hshlvoivefhlto  `hshlvoivefhlto  po`hf `dr-sh `h väreds corfds, shkd ld dqueseçío `h `echrhlths mdpdme`d`hs `h uf fo`o lío shquhlmedi, os mbdfd`os ’`hsveos `h `hshlvoivefhlto‖ (por hxhfpio, cdid jhf, fds lío

phrmhjh or`hls sefpihs), shkd lds `echrhlçds seglecemdtevds ld vhiome`d`h `h dqueseçío hltrh ds väreds ärhds `essomedçío hltrh ds ärhds (por hxhfpio, dtrdso sý ld ärhd fotord, pdrdiesed mhrhjrdi) ou, hltío, uf dtrdso ld vhiome`d`h `h to`o o `hshlvoivefhlto, dtrdso giojdi `o `hshlvoivefhlto

Mofo å cheto o `edglýstemo? @hs`h o ldsmefhlto quh d mredlçd cdz dqueseçøhs, uteiezdl`o-sh `hthrfeld`os poltos `h rhchrëlmed quh dku`df d dvdiedr o shu `hshlvoivefhlto1 moltu`o, mofo kä vefos, hsths lío sío fdrmos ojregdtýreos d mufprer lufd e`d`h hxdtd, hxdtd, shl`o lhmhssäred ufd dprhmedçío elthgrd`d h giojdi. @h shgue`d, sío hlufhrd`ds digufds `ds dqueseçøhs chetds do iolgo `os prefheros dlos `h ve`d h diguls `os mbdfd`os ’seldes `h didrfh‖ quh,

qudl`o prhshlths, sughrhf projihfds `o `hshlvoivefhlto.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :2

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed @o ldsmefhlto dos = fhshs o jhjå  jhjå   pdssd d fdeor pdrth `o thfpo d `orfer, dprhl`h d ihvdltdr d mdjhçd h `hpoes d fdltë-id `erhetd, dprhl`h d cexdr uf rosto, d shguer mof os oibos uf ojkhto h d sorrer, sorrer , `hsmojrh dtrdvås `d vesío o ful`o quh d ro`hed, rhdgh do jdruibo, rhmolbhmh d fíh (phid vesío, fds sojrhtu`o phio mbhero, phid voz h, tdivhz, por outrds phrmhçøhs shlsoredes `ecæmhes `h `hceler), dgdrrd elvoiultdredfhlth ld fío uf ojkhto iä moiomd`o, moiomd`o, pdird hspoltdlhdfhlth h hf rhspostd. ]eldes `h didrfh dos = fhshs  fhshs  - O lulmd shgurdr d mdjhçd, thr os fhfjros shfprh thlsos, ds fíos shfprh chmbd`ds, lío cexdr lhf shguer mof o oibdr uf ojkhto d uf pdifo, sojrhssditdr-sh do fhlor ruæ`o, lío sorrer ou mbordr h trhfhr qudl`o sh ibh tomd, `hvhf shr molse`hrd`os mofo seldes `h didrfh.

@os = dos 3 fhshs  fhshs  vde shgurdr jhf d mdjhçd h vde molshguer fdlthr-sh shltd`o `hs`h quh dpoed`o, mofhçd d dgdrrdr voiultdredfhlth uf ojkhto quh hsthkd do dimdlmh `ds fíos h hsthl`h-ds pdrd ojkhtos quh ibh shkdf dprhshltd`os, ihvdl`o-os î jomd, promurd didrgdr o shu mdfpo `h vesío  vesío  dpoedl`o-sh los dlthjrdços h `hpoes lds fíos, sh hstevhr `h jdrregd pdrd jdexo, ou ihvdltdl`o d mdjhçd h ofjros, qudl`o hstä `h mostds, "`ojrd" o reso h `ä gretos `h dihgred qudl`o sh jrelmd mof hih. ]eldes `h didrfh dos 3 fhshs  fhshs  - Lío shgurdr d mdjhçd, fhfjros elchreorhs ræge`os, lío oibdr lhf dgdrrdr os ojkhtos, prhshlçd `h hstrdjesfo, lío pdirdr lhf rhdger dos sols, `hselthrhssh phio dfjehlth, erretävhi qudl`o sh ibh tomd. @os 3 dos 5 fhshs  fhshs   dguhltd-sh shltd`o sozelbo `urdlth diguf thfpo, qudl`o å `hetd`o `h mostds verd-sh pdrd sh pðr `h jdrregd pdrd jdexo, å mdpdz `h rdsthkdr pdrd dimdlçdr uf ojkhto ou ufd phssod, mofhçd d cemdr `h på sh o shgurdrfos, pdssd uf ojkhto `h ufd fío pdrd d outrd h molshguh dgdrrdr uf ojkhto hf md`d fío, molshguh tdfjåf dgdrrdr ojkhtos phquhlos hltrh o poihgdr h o el`emd`or, ihvd tu`o î jomd, `evhrth-sh d dterdr ds moesds pdrd o mbío, vomdiezd mbío,  vomdiezd väreds sæidjds shf seglecemd`o vhrjdi, 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld :5

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed mofhçd d cdzhr "grdmelbds" (pdifelbds, d`hus, hsmol`h o rosto), rhmolbhmh os rostos cdfeiedrhs h po`h thr fh`o `os hstrdlbos. ]eldes `h didrfh dos 5 fhshs fhshs - Lío sh shltd, fdltåf-sh shltd`o h efývhi shf fu`dr `h poseçío, lío thf prhhlsío pdifdr, lío ihvd os ojkhtos î jomd, hstrdjesfo, lío rhdgh d sols, vomdiezd `h corfd folýtold ou lío vomdiezd, vomdiezd, lío efetd, dpätemo. @os 5 dos 4: fhshs  fhshs  å mdpdz `h sh pðr `h på sozelbo h `h dl`dr mof dku`d, gdtelbd, hxpiord o ful`o mof grdl`h elthrhssh, quhr vhr tu`o, fhxhr hf tu`o, promurd o ojkhto quh veu hsmol`hr, `ä phio lofh, mofprhhl`h ufd or`hf sefpihs, sefpihs, dprhl`h d prolulmedr `uds ou trës pdidvrds h moidjord fueto lds jrelmd`herds mof os d`uitos. ]eldes `h didrfh dos 4: fhshs fhshs - Lío sh pøh lhf sh fdltåf `h på, lío sh `hsiomd, lío phgd los jrelquh`os ou cä-io sý mof ufd fío, lío rhspol`h d sols, `hselthrhssh phio dfjehlth. @os 4: dos 42 fhshs  fhshs  d mredlçd dl`d sozelbd h hxpiord d mdsd h os "drrh`orhs", molshguh cdzhr ufd torrh mof `oes ou trës mujos, oibd uf ievro `h jolhmos h voitd väreds pägelds `h md`d vhz, po`h prolulmedr hltrh melmo d `hz pdidvrds  pdidvrds  h mofprhhl`h fueto fdes, fdlechstd meûfh (ghstos `h mýihrd h rhdçøhs `h revdie`d`h do jrelmdr mof os erfíos fdes vhibos). ]eldes `h didrfh dos 42 fhshs  fhshs  - Lío sh pøh `h på, dl`d shfprh hf jemos `h på, del`d sh jdjd ou ihvd tu`o î jomd ou dterd tu`o do mbío, lío rhspol`h qudl`o o mbdfdf, lío vomdiezd hspoltdlhdfhlth, lío sh elthrhssd phio dfjehlth. @os 42 fhshs dos : dlos morrh, dlos  morrh, sojh h `hsmh `hgrdus mof os `oes pås lo fhsfo `hgrdu, `ä poltdpås, cdz ufd torrh mof 3 mujos, å mdpdz `h el`emdr os oibos, o ldrez, os sdpdtos, dssomed `uds pdidvrds h hlrequhmh o vomdjuiäreo, dprhl`h d mofhr sozelbd, mofhçd d shr dsshd`d `urdlth o `ed, vomdjuiäreo, efetd os d`uitos h fdlechstd uf elthrhssh mrhsmhlth phids outrds mredlçds promurdl`o jrelmdr mof hids, fds `h corfd fueto phssodi (terd-ibhs os jrelquh`os, por hxhfpio).

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =>

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ]eldes `h didrfh dos : dlos dlos  - O lío dl`dr, `hetdr os ojkhtos ojkhtos cord, pdrhmhr lío mofprhhl`hr o quh sh ibh `ez, lío sh elthrhssdr phio quh o ro`hed, lío efetdr, lío prolulmedr pdidvrds phrmhtævhes. @os : dos = dlos d dlos d mredlçd dprhl`h d sditdr, d trhpdr h po`h dl`dr hf på moxelbo, molshguh pðr trës mujos "hf polth", `hshlvoivh fueto d ielgudghf, mofhçd d cdzhr phrgultds, mofprhhl`h d fdeor pdrth `o quh ibh `ezhf h mofhçd d jrelmdr vhr`d`herdfhlth mof ds outrds mredlçds, phrmhjhl`o quh bä uf ful`o pdrd p drd diåf `o mærmuio cdfeiedr. @os = dos 0 dlos  dlos   pdsshed sozelbd, å mdpdz `h dl`dr hf jemos `os pås, dprhl`h d vhster-sh h d `hsper-sh sozelbd, ghrdifhlth kä lío foibd d mdfd î loeth, rhmolbhmh hltrh `uds d trës morhs, cdid `h corfd mofprhhlsævhi, fds ufd ielgudghf `h tepo elcdltei, sdjh o lofh, o shxo, d e`d`h h, fuetds vhzhs, d ford`d, cdz fuetds phrgultds, gostd `h ouver bestýreds, jrelmd mof ds outrds mredlçds h mofhçd d shr  shr   mdpdz `h pdrteibdr, pdrteibdr, fdlechstd dchto phios erfíos fdes lovos h å mdpdz `h hxhmutdr tdrhcds sefpihs. @os 0 dos 8 dlos  dlos  dterd-sh, sditd, jdidlçd-sh, sojh h `hsmh hsmd`ds dithrld`dfhlth, `hshlbd d cegurd bufdld (mdjhçd, trolmo h fhfjros), cdid mof midrhzd, sdjh moltdr os `h`os, sdjh os `eds `d shfdld, molshguh rhpro`uzer pdrth `ds bestýreds quh ouvh, moltelud d cdzhr fuetds phrgultds, prothstd hlhrgemdfhlth qudl`o moltrdred`d, po`h rhmolbhmhr qudtro morhs, po`h rhmolbhmhr o tdfdlbo, d corfd, o grdl`h h o phquhlo, elthrhssd-sh phids dteve`d`hs `os d`uitos. Lhstd e`d`h, ufd ielgudghf elmofprhhlsævhi, projihfds `h mofportdfhlto, bephrdteve`d`h, bephrdteve`d`h, `ecemui`d`h `h molmhltrdçío, hstrdjesfo ou susphetd `h `åcemh vesudi `hvhf shr molse`hrd`os seldes `h didrfh. @os 8 dos 3 dlos  dlos  d mredlçd sdjh trhpdr îs ärvorhs, `dlçdr do sof `d fûsemd, cdid morrhtdfhlth phr`hl`o d ielgudghf elcdltei, mofhçd d `estelguer d `erhetd h d hsquhr`d, olthf h dfdlbí, phrgultd o seglecemd`o `h pdidvrds djstrdtds, elthrhssd-sh phids dteve`d`hs `d mdsd h `o jderro, jderro , phid e`d`h `ds phssods, `estelguh os sdjorhs, elvhltd kogos h fu`d-ibhs ds rhgrds hlqudlto kogd, `hthstd d dutore`d`h efpostd hxhmutdl`o mof ihlte`ío ds or`hls, `hfolstrd elthrhssh por trdjdibos sefpihs. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =4

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed Tuh orehltdçío? ^hrdlth ufd susphetd `h dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto  `hshlvoivefhlto  å shfprh efportdlth thr hf moltd quh os iefeths `d lorfdie`d`h sío fueto dfpios h quh ufd dvdiedçío esoid`d `o mofportdfhlto `d mredlçd po`h shr elciuhlmed`d por fuetos cdtorhs. Å lhmhssäreo uf dmofpdlbdfhlto `d mredlçd, phios pdes, h`umd`orhs, prochssorhs h phio få`emo, quh phrfetd ufd vesío `elêfemd `h to`o o promhsso. Los mdsos `uve`osos, d rhdvdiedçío hf prdzos molse`hrd`os rdzoävhes (= d 3 fhshs), fuetds vhzhs lío molcerfd d susphetd `o rhchre`o dtrdso. Lo hltdlto, å lhmhssäreo quh os dtrdsos `h `hshlvoivefhltos shkdf `hthtd`os prhmomhfhlth pdrd quh sh possd elthrver `d fhibor corfd.

Tudl`o å cheto o `edglýstemo `h uf dtrdso `h `hshlvoivefhlto, å ldturdi quh os pdes moioquhf väreds quhstøhs; ^orquh å quh dmolthmhu? O quh å quh sh po`h cdzhr? Tudi o cuturo `o ceibo? ^o`h dmolthmhr lo cuturo hf outros ceibos? ^drd rhspol`hr d to`ds hstds phrgultds, phrgultds , å lhmhssäreo, pdrd diåf `h uf `edglýstemo molmrhto `d setudçío, sdjhr qudi o grdu `h dtelgefhlto `d mredlçd h qudes os projihfds dssomed`os. dssomed`os. D dvdiedçío, elvhstegdçío h orehltdçío `hstds orehltdçío  `hstds mredlçds `hvh shr chetd por hquepds fuite`esmepieldrhs, fuite`esmepieldrhs, molstetuæ`ds por få`emos h tåmlemos hsphmediezd`os (thrdphutds, prochssorhs, dssesthlths somedes, htm.), quh `hvhf prhpdrdr ufd hstrdtåged `h rhmuphrdçío, dpostdl`o lds pothlmedie`d`hs `d mredlçd h thltdl`o elthgrä-id h dpoedl`o o fhibor possævhi d sud cdfæied. c dfæied. Molmheto ]hgul`o Morrhed (4555), ’o molmheto `h lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds

hsphmedes (LHH), (...) surgh `h ufd hvoiuçío los molmhetos quh dtå hltío sh usdvdf, quhr hihs cosshf `h mdrez somedi, quhr h`umdmeoldi. O thrfo LHH vhf, dssef, rhspol`hr do prelmæpeo `d progrhssevd `hfomrdtezdçío `ds someh`d`hs, rhcihtel`o o postuid`o ld ceiosoced `d elthgrdçío h propormeoldl`o ufd egudi`d`h `h `erhetos, lofhd`dfhlth o quh `ez rhspheto î lío `hsmrefeldçío por rdzøhs `h rdçd, rhiegeío, opeleío, mdrdthræstemds elthihmtudes 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =:

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed h cæsemds, d to`d d mredlçd h d`oihsmhlth hf e`d`h hsmoidr.‖ ’O molmheto ’Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes‖ Hsphmedes‖ thf, hf ^ortugdi, moltorlos ciue`os

h lío pdrhmh shr phrmhmeold`o hxdtdfhlth `d fhsfd corfd phio molkulto `os dghlths hlvoive`os; `hsteldtäreos `d dçío h`umdtevd hsphmedi, pdes, `omhlths, `omhlths hsphmediezd`os, få`emos, tåmlemos `h sdû`h, thrdphutds, tåmlemos hsphmediezd`os, tåmlemos `d d`felestrdçío h`umdtevd, dssomedçøhs `h `hcemehlths, hltrh outros.‖  

D quhf sh dpiemd?  Morrhed (4555), molse`hrd quh o molmheto sh dpiemd ’d mredlçds h d`oihsmhlths mof projihfds shlsoredes, cæsemos, elthihmtudes h hfomeoldes h, tdfjåf, mof `ecemui`d`hs `h dprhl`ezdghf `hrevd`ds `h cdtorhs orgêlemos ou dfjehltdes.

Pepos `h LHH; ^hrfdlhlths; Hxeghf d`dptdçøhs ghlhrdiezd`ds `o murræmuio1 Hsth `hvhrä shr d`dptd`o îs mdrdmthræstemds `o diulo. Ds d`dptdçøhs fdltëf-sh `urdlth grdl`h pdrth ou to`o o phrmurso hsmoidr `o diulo.

Phfporäreds; Hxeghf fo`ecemdçøhs pdrmedes `o murræmuio hsmoidr, d`dptdl`o-o îs mdrdmthræstemds `o diulo luf `hthrfeld`o fofhlto `o shu `hshlvoivefhlto. Moltu`o, ’D dvdiedçío `ds Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes (LHH) `ds

mredlçds h kovhls quh crhquhltdf ds hstruturds rhguidrhs `h hlselo å uf promhsso `h grdl`h mofpihxe`d`h quh hlvoivh `echrhlths `efhlsøhs, lío sh `hvhl`o mhltrdr hxmiusevdfhlth los projihfds `os diulos, mofo tdfjåf hf to`os os cdtorhs quh ibh sío hxtrælshmos h quh po`hf molstetuer d mdusd prefherd `ds suds `ecemui`d`hs.‖, phrdlth tdi cdmto, coe idjord`o uf

`omufhlto phio Feleståreo `d H`umdçío, hlqudlto elstrufhlto `h trdjdibo, lo promhsso `h Dvdiedçío h elthrvhlçío `h diulos mof LHH `h mdrämthr phrfdlhlth. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld ==

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

^dphi `o processeoldi ” Mredçío `h mol`eçøhs d`hqud`ds do `hshlvoivefhlto elcdltei Hxesth hchtevdfhlth, lío sý quhf lío å `o lûmiho `d H`umdçío, quhf del`d lío mofprhhl`h hxdtdfhlth o quh cdz uf processeoldi `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi.. Hstd å ufd dtetu`h rhsuitdlth `d fuitepieme`d`h `h pdpåes  Hsphmedi pdpåes  quh os processeoldes lhstd ärhd tëf dssufe`o `hphl`hl`o `ds elstetueçøhs ol`h hstío elshre`os1 elshre`os1 `d sud jdsh `h corfdçío h hf ûitefd elstêlmed `o phrcei `h md`d uf. Bä lo hltdlto, mofo hf to`ds ds processøhs ufd `hceleçío `h culçøhs mofuls. O ’joof‖ `d hsphmediezdçío hf H`umdçío Hsphmedi thvh elæmeo dpýs o

hlqud`rdfhlto ihgdi quh dphid î elmiusío lío phrfetel`o quh hsmoids rhguidrhs vh`hf o dmhsso d mredlçds mof Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes (LHH). D hsphmediezdçío `h uf processeoldi ld ärhd `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi hstä Hsphmedi  hstä do dimdlmh `h to`os. Dtudifhlth hxesthf väreds ochrtds h mofo hf to`ds ds ärhds, digufds fdes d`hqud`ds `o quh outrds. Pío efportdlth mofo d hsphmediezdçío lhstd ärhd hstío, shf `ûve`d, ds hxphreëlmeds h os iomdes  iomdes  por ol`h pdssou o processeoldi

`h H`umdç H`umdçío ío Hsphmed Hsphmedi. i. Hsths cdtorhs, ’hf

moidjordçío‖ mof os molbhmefhltos dmd`åfemos å quh phrfethf cdzhr d `echrhlçd. Xf tåmlemo `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi `hvh molbhmhr to`o o hlqud`rdfhlto ihgdi rhidtevdfhlth îs lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes, molbhmhl`o ld ælthgrd o @hmrhto. Ihe =/:>>2, o `omufhlto orehltd`or quh rhguid d elthrvhlçío lds Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes. Å o @hpdrtdfhlto `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi quh rhmhjh ds rhchrhlmedçøhs (ol`h `hvh hstdr elthgrd`o uf rhidtýreo 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =0

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed få`emo) `os diulos quh rhvhidf `ecemui`d`hs lds dteve`d`hs h pdrtemepdçío hf sdid `h duid, dvdiedl`o, molkultdfhlth mof o ]^O (]hrveço `h ^semoioged h Orehltdçío)  Orehltdçío)  o phrcei `h culmeoldie`d`h `o diulo dtrdvås `h ufd dvdiedçío ph`dgýgemd (prochssor HH) mofpihfhltd`d mof ufd dvdiedçío psemoiýgemd, (^semýiogo). Dpýs hstd dvdiedçío o processeoldi `h HH propøh ds fh`e`ds h`umdtevds quh h`umdtevds quh hf molkulto mof ds elcorfdçøhs `o molshibo `h turfd sío `hcele`ds dtrdvås `h uf ^rogrdfd H`umdtevo El`eve`udi. E`hltecemd`ds ds ärhds mofprofhte`ds h ds ärhds corths (hfhrghlths) o prochssor `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi culmeold mofo uf elthrfh`eäreo quh thf `h molbhmhr os mofprofhtefhltos dvdied`os phios processeoldes `h sdû`h h ds suds efpiemdçøhs lds dprhl`ezdghls. O processeoldi `h HH Å o died`o pdrd `esmuter, pidlhdr h orehltdr d elthrvhlçío fdes d`hqud`d. Phf tdfjåf uf pdphi cul`dfhltdi pdrd hxpiemetdr î mofule`d`h hsmoidr lío sý o hlqud`rdfhlto ihgdi, fds d ceiosoced sujkdmhlth lds lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes pdrd quh to`os os elthrvhlehlths ushf ufd ielgudghf ulevhrsdi h ufd posturd molgruhlth, lulmd los hsquhmhl`o `o losso pdphi, fds elthriegdl`o molbhmefhltos. ’Zegor‖ å ufd pdidvrd cul`dfhltdi.  Cul`dfhltdi pdrd `hceler, tdfjåf,

o quh lío å H`umdçío Hsphmedi. Lío å uf hspdço pdrd hxpiemdçøhs, lío å ufd sdid `h dpoeo îs `esmepields, lío å uf prochssor `h dpoeo sýmeo h`umdtevo h lío å o ’få`emo `h cdfæied‖ `o Feleståreo `d H`umdçío quh

trdlspøh pdrd uf pdphi, hf fo`o `h fh`e`d h`umdtevd, ds el`emdçøhs `o rhidtýreo få`emo `o diulo. Å efportdlth phrmhjhfos o pdphi `h md`d uf lhsth promhsso. promhsso . Os processeoldes `h sdû`h sío cul`dfhltdes pdrd el`emdrhf o phrcei `h culmeoldie`d`h do lævhi `ds hstruturds `o morpo h lds culçøhs fhltdes, fds lío po`hf rhmhetdr fh`e`ds h`umdtevds, dssef mofo uf prochssor `h h`umdçío hsphmedi lío rhmhetd fh`emdfhltos, porquh lío å d sud ärhd. Hf sufd, o @hpdrtdfhlto `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi  Hsphmedi   thf `h possuer molbhmefhltos molsesthlths rhidtevdfhlth d to`ds ds ärhds `h elthrvhlçío, Phf `h molbhmhr ds crdgeie`d`hs, ds phrturjdçøhs `o `hshlvoivefhlto h thf `h `ofeldr ds chrrdfhltds fdes el`emd`ds pdrd trdjdibdr mofphtëlmeds hsphmæcemds quh phrfetdf do diulo hlmoltrdr ufd corfd `h hstdjhihmhr uf 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =8

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed polto `h pdrte`d quh o moioquh o fdes possævhi hf egudi`d`h `h mermulstêlmeds. Md`d diælhd `h md`d fh`e`d h`umdtevd thf `h shr phlsd`d, rhphlsd`d, hsphmecemd`d h lulmd, lulmd ghlhrdiezd`d ou fdssecemd`d. Os diulos lío sío rýtuios. ]ío lofhs, ve`ds h phrsoldie`d`hs `echrhlths quh pdrd progrh`erhf lo shu phrmurso tëf `h shr rhsphetd`os. H por esso `hchl`o quh hxesth uf phrcei pdrd sh shr ^rochssor `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi. Å `ecæmei fdlthr ufd ielbd `h elthrvhlçío h ojkhtevos midros qudl`o hf fuetds hsmoids o ^rochssor `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi dmdjd por shr o ûlemo rhmurso `h dpoeo joemotdl`o dssef o shu vhr`d`hero trdjdibo.

Hf ûitefd dläiesh, hf H`umdçío Hsphmedi å lhmhssäreo uf trdjdibo `h uf grdl`h hlvoivefhlto, `h phsquesd molstdlth h hsphmedi  hsphmedi  hf hstdjhihmhr ufd rhidçío mof os diulos quh ibhs trdlsfetd molcedlçd vhr`d`herd, poes cdmeifhlth d lossd posturd po`h sodr d cdiso sh lío å shlte`d. H sý d pdrter `hsth polto å possævhi `hshlvoivhr uf trdjdibo. D Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh  ^rhmomh  hxegh ufd moophrdçío hltrh os shrveços `d h`umdçío, `d sdû`h h `d shgurdlçd somedi. ^drd esso, os dgrupdfhltos `h rhchrëlmed dsshgurdrío d drtemuidçío `o trdjdibo `os `omhlths mof ds E^]] h ds hquepds tåmlemds celdlmed`ds phid shgurdlçd somedi. Dssef o promhsso `h Elthrvhlçío shguh os shguelths pdssos;

Zhchrhlmedçío Molsesth ld mofulemdçío/elcorfdçío `h setudçøhs quh possdf el`emedr d hxestëlmed `h lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes `h mdrämthr m drämthr phrfdlhlth. @hvh omorrhr o fdes prhmomhfhlth possævhi, hsphibdl`o o fäxefo `h dsphtos quh suportdf d prhomupdçío rhidtevd î mredlçd rhchrhlmed`d. D rhchrhlmedçío po`h shr chetd por  por   qudiquhr d`uito quh thlbd molbhmefhlto `d setudçío `d mredlçd. D quhf h mofo `hvh shr chetd d rhchrhlmedçío; Do rhchrhlmedçío;  Do ýrgío `h ghstío `d hsmoid ou dgrupdfhlto `h hsmoids `d ärhd `h rhse`ëlmed. Dtrdvås `o 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =3

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed prhhlmbefhlto `h uf corfuiäreo `espolejeiezd`o phid hsmoid, lo qudi sh rhgestdf o fotevo, ds elcorfdçøhs hxesthlths sojrh d mredlçd h sh dlhxd to`d d `omufhltdçío efportdlth pdrd o promhsso `h dvdiedçío. Dpýs d rhchrhlmedçío, rhchrhlmedçío, mofphth do ýrgío `h ghstío soiemetdr do grupo `h H`umdçío Hsphmedi h dos shrveços tåmlemo ph`dgýgemos `h dpoeo dos diulos d dvdiedçío `os mdsos h d hidjordçío `o rhsphtevo rhidtýreo. Lhstd cdsh rhmoibh-sh d elcorfdçío quh phrfetd;  phrfetd;  D - vhrecemdr sh d setudçío sh hlqud`rd ld h`umdçío hsphmedi (lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds hsphmedes `h mdrämthr phrfdlhlth). Mdso sh molse`hrh, dldiesd`d d elcorfdçío `espolævhi, quh o diulo lío sh hlqud`rd los phrces `hcele`os pdrd d H`umdçío Hsphmedi, hsth shrä hlmdfelbd`o pdrd os dpoeos d`hqud`os `espolejeiezd`os phid hsmoid ou dgrupdfhlto, o quh shrä rhgestd`o lo rhidtýreo tåmlemo-ph`dgýgemo. J- ^ro`uzer orehltdçøhs pdrd d hidjordçío `o ^rogrdfd H`umdtevo El`eve`udi (^HE), e`hltecemdl`o os rhmursos d `espolejeiezdr. Mdso sh molse`hrh d lhmhsse`d`h `h ufd dvdiedçío hsphmediezd`d, o ýrgío `h ghstío po`hrä soiemetdr d elthrvhlçío `h outros tåmlemos ou shrveços (sdû`h, mhltros `h rhmursos, hsmoids ou ule`d`hs) pdrd quh, hf molkulto mof os hlmdrrhgd`os `h h`umdçío, sh molstetud ufd hquepd piure`esmepieldr quh dvdieh ds lhmhsse`d`hs hsphmæcemds `h md`d diulo. Xfd vhz molstetuæ`d d hquepd, d prefherd htdpd molsesth ld dläiesh `d elcorfdçío `espolævhi pdrd sh `hme`er o quh å lhmhssäreo dvdiedr, quhf vde dvdiedr (ds `echrhlths mdthgoreds) h mofo sh dvdied (quh elstrufhltos uteiezdr). D dvdiedçío, thl`o d MEC,  MEC,  (Midssecemdçío Elthrldmeoldi `d Culmeoldie`d`h) mofo qud`ro `h rhchrëlmed, `hvh molthfpidr väreos cdtorhs (mofpolhlths `h culmeoldie`d`h h cdtorhs molthxtudes) h ds elthrdçøhs quh sh hstdjhihmhf hltrh hihs.  hihs. 

Zhidtýreo Påmlemo ^h`dgýgemo; @hpoes `h ufd dläiesh molkultd `os `d`os `d dvdiedçío, mof d dku`d `d mbhmaiest,, å hidjord`o uf rhidtýreo tåmlemo-ph`dgýgemo, ol`h sh e`hltecemd mbhmaiest o phrcei  phrcei  `h culmeoldie`d`h `o diulo, thl`o hf moltd d dteve`d`h h 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =7

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed pdrtemepdçío, ds culçøhs h hstruturds `o morpo h d `hsmreçío `os cdmeietd`orhs h jdrrherds, quh d lævhi `os cdtorhs dfjehltdes  dfjehltdes  elciuhlmedf hssd fhsfd culmeoldie`d`h. O rhidtýreo `hvhrä del`d hxpiemdr ds rdzøhs  rdzøhs   quh `hthrfeldf ds lhmhsse`d`hs h`umdtevds, d sud tepoioged, jhf mofo ds rhspostds h`umdtevds d d`otdr, quh shrverío `h jdsh î hidjordçío `o ^rogrdfd H`umdtevo El`eve`udi (^HE). ^HE - å o `omufhlto quh gdrdlth o `erheto î hque`d`h h`umdtevd1 Zhspolsdjeiezd d hsmoid h os hlmdrrhgd`os `h h`umdçío1 Å uf elstrufhlto `h trdjdibo `elêfemo1

Lo ^HE `hvh molstdr; E`hltecemdçío `o diulo1 Zhsufo `d bestýred hsmoidr h dlthmh`hlths rhihvdlths1 El`emd`orhs `h culmeoldie`d`h h cdtorhs dfjehltdes cdmeietd`orhs ou `ecemuitd`orhs `d pdrtemepdçío h dprhl`ezdghf1 @hceleçío `ds fh`e`ds h`umdtevds d efpihfhltdr1 Hsphmecemdçío `os molthû`os, ojkhtevos ghrdes h hsphmæcemos d dtelger, hstrdtågeds, rhmursos bufdlos h fdthredes d uteiezdr1 Lævhi `h pdrtemepdçío `o diulo lds dteve`d`hs h`umdtevds `d hsmoid1 § @estrejueçío boräred `ds `echrhlths dteve`d`hs prhvestds1 E`hltecemdçío `os processeoldes proces seoldes elthrvhlehlths1 @hceleçío `o promhsso `h dvdiedçío `d efpihfhltdçío ef pihfhltdçío `o ^HE1 @dtd h dsseldturd `os pdrtemepdlths ld sud hidjordçío h rhspolsävhes phid efpihfhltdçío `o fhsfo. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =2

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed

Mue`d`os d prhstdr î mredlçd Os molthxtos `h ve`d `d mredlçd  mredlçd   sío dfjehlths ou mhläreos los qudes omorrhf os mofportdfhltos `d mredlçd, `hsegld`dfhlth ds suds rotelds `eäreds. Bä `evhrsos molthxtos ol`h os processeoldes `h Elthrvhlçío po`hf `hshlvoivhr d sud dteve`d`h. Sdfos `hsmrhvhr os trës fdes crhquhlths; o `ofemæieo, d mrhmbh h o kdr`ef `h Elcêlmed. @ofemæieo D elthrvhlçío hf `ofemæieo efpiemd quh bdkd uf trdjdibo `h pdrmhred mof d cdfæied. ^drd hf molkulto sh `hielhdrhf ielbds `h orehltdçío pdrd o `hshlvoivefhlto `o progrdfd. [egihr & Jhrfdl (4520) `hchl`hf quh o dpoeo `h `uds bords por shfdld `d`d phios processeoldes lío provomd grdl`hs fu`dlçds ld ve`d `d mredlçd. @hstd corfd, kuigdf quh d hchtevd elthrvhlçío `hvh-sh molmhltrdr lo rhsuitd`o `ds elthrdçøhs quh sh mredf mof d cdfæied, lo shlte`o `h quh hstd `hshlvoivd dteve`d`hs hsphmæcemds h seglecemdtevds mof os shus ceibos. Fott (4557) rhchrh mofo prelmepdi vdltdghf `o dpoeo `ofemeieäreo o cdmto `h sh thr hf moltd d vdreh`d`h `h cdtorhs sýmeo muiturdes h `h sh thr uf moltdmto `erhto mof o molthxto cdfeiedr. Pdfjåf lo shu dfjehlth ldturdi, ds cdfæieds vío shlter-sh fdes shgurds, o quh propormeold o shu hlvoivefhlto lds `esteltds dteve`d`hs h duxeied o dtelger `h ufd vhr`d`herd rhidçío `h pdrmhred pdes/processeoldes. @d fhsfd corfd h lo quh molmhrlh î mredlçd, o mdso `h ufd elthrvhlçío sh `hshlvoivhr hf mdsd, lo shu dfjehlth, vde dku`dr d elthrdçío, o shu rhidmeoldfhlto mof os ojkhmtos h fdthredes, pothlmedl`o ds dprhl`ezdghls h cdmeietdl`o d sud ghlhrdiezdçío.

Mrhmbh h Kdr`ef `h Elcêlmed ^drd diåf `d cdfæied, d mrhmbh h o kdr`ef-`h-elcêlmed sío os `oes molthxtos hf quh ds mredlçds `hstds e`d`hs po`hrío hstdr elshre`ds. Lhsths mdsos, o grdl`h `hsdceo quh sh moiomd dos processeoldes `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh, prhl`h-sh mof d lhmhsse`d`h `h `hshlvoivhr ufd elthrvhlçío `h qudie`d`h, quh pdssd phid moophrdçío hltrh os pdes h os processeoldes `ds mrhmbhs ou  kdr`els-`h elcêlmed. D elcêlmed. D hcemämed `d elthrvhlçío rhsuitdrä `o hscorço molkulto hltrh os `evhrsos elthrvhlehlths, lo quh `ez rhspheto do molbhmefhlto h vdiorezdçío `ds mdrdmthræstemds h lhmhsse`d`hs `d mredlçd, `d cdfæied h `d prýpred elstetueçío. 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld =5

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed @hstd corfd, d prelmepdi hstrdtåged  hstrdtåged  prhl`h-sh mof d `hceleçío `o pdphi `h md`d uf. D moophrdçío hltrh d cdfæied, cdfæied, os h`umd`orhs `h elcêlmed h os processeoldes `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh efpøh; thfpo pdrd d pidlecemdçío, dvdiedçío h rhcihxío molkultd lo shlte`o `h d elthrvhlçío sh `hshlvoivhr `h corfd mohrhlth h molsesthlth1 sesthfdtezdçío h moltelue`d`h `ds hstrdtågeds h dteve`d`hs pidlecemd`ds1 mredçío `h oportule`d`hs `h dprhl`ezdghf remds h `evhrsecemd`ds pdrd d mredlçd1 d`hqudçío `os dfjehlths dos elthrhsshs h mofphtëlmeds `d mredlçd. ^idlhdr ufd elthrvhlçío jdshd`d lds rotelds Tudl`o `hshlvoivhfos uf progrdfd `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh, shkd lo `ofemæieo, ld mrhmbh ou lo kdr`ef-`h-elcêlmed, thfos `h pdrter `h ufd dvdiedçío `d setudçío, mof jdsh ld qudi po`hrhfos hltío pidlhdr d elthrvhlçío. D molse`hrdçío phios dsphtos hmoiýgemos `d ve`d `d mredlçd  mredlçd   h morrhspol`hlth cdfæied efpiemd quh sh molse`hrhf os mofpolhlths rhidmeoldes, somedes, psemoiýgemos h cæsemos. ]hgul`o Lheswortb & Jdgldto (4522) d dvdiedçío `hsths mofpolhlths `hvhrä thr hf moltd os shguelths dsphtos; d dvdiedçío `o culmeoldfhlto cdfeiedr, rhidçøhs hltrh pdes h mredlçds, lhmhsse`d`hs `d cdfæied, prhomupdçøhs h quhstøhs `erhtdfhlth rhidmeold`ds mof d mredlçd1 h d dvdiedçío `ds mdrdmthræstemds `os molthxtos `h ve`d `d mredlçd. :5 ^drtel`o `ds elcorfdçøhs dssef rhmoibe`ds po`hfos pdssdr î cdsh `h pidlhdfhlto `d elthrvhlçío, quh thrä `h thr hf moltd d elthrdçío hltrh os `evhrsos molthxtos `h ve`d `d mredlçd, jhf mofo rhmolbhmhr d mofpihfhltdre`d`h `ds mofpolhlths `d dvdiedçío h elthrvhlçío (Jremahr, 45531 Lheswortb & Jdgldto, 4522). ^or sud vhz, d elthrvhlçío los molthxtos `h ve`d `d mredlçd efpiemd e`hltecemdr, `hltro `ds rotelds, ds oportule`d`hs quh cdmeiethf d ojthlçío `h rhsuitd`os, hf culçío `os ojkhtevos `hcele`os lo pidlo `h elthrvhlçío. @hpoes `h e`hltecemdr d roteld quh po`hrä, mof fdes vdltdghf, shr uteiezd`d pdrd d dqueseçío `h ufd `hthrfeld`d mofphtëlmed phid mredlçd, bä quh `hceler quhf vde shr o (s) pdrmhero (s) `d mredlçd ld elthrdçío (fíh, pde, erfío, h`umd`or…) h qudi o

iomdi hxdto hf quh d roteld `hvhrä omorrhr. Xfd vhz `hcele`os hsths dsphtos, dsphtos, bä quh e`hltecemdr os mofpolhlths `d roteld quh fhibor sh prhstdf d trdjdibdr os ojkhtevos quh molstdf `o pidlo `h elthrvhlçío prhvedfhlth `hcele`o h thr hf moltd ds 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 0>

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed hstrdtågeds, pestds h rhspostds moltelghlths d uteiezdr. d  uteiezdr. ]h por hxhfpio, os lossos ojkhtevos corhf; quh d mredlçd sh shlth î fhsd lufd md`herd, ush d moibhr, jhjd por ufd mdlhmd h cdçd hsmoibds, po`hfos hihghr mofo rotelds o phquhlo-difoço h o difoço, usdr hstrdtågeds ou prhstdr ds dku`ds lhmhssäreds pdrd quh hid `hshlvoivd ds väreds dteve`d`hs mof vestd î dqueseçío `hstds mofphtëlmeds h propormeoldr oportule`d`hs pdrd quh possd hsmoibhr, por hxhfpio, hltrh iheth sufo ou hltrh purå `h crutd h mhrhdes. Pu`o esto `hvh shr cheto thl`o o mue`d`o `h lío elthrchrer mof d roteld, shf hsquhmhr d sud prelmepdi celdie`d`h, uf fofhlto dgrd`ävhi `h rhcheçío `d mredlçd, fds ojh`hmhl`o d uf pidlhdfhlto ojkhtevo h sesthfätemo. Hf sufd, pdrd `hshlvoivhr ufd elthrvhlçío los molthxtos `h ve`d `d mredlçd, å hsshlmedi uteiezdr promh`efhltos hmoiýgemos lo promhsso `h mredlçd, dvdiedçío, prhssupol`o ufd ojshrvdçío mue`d`d `os dfjehlths hf quh d mredlçd elthrdgh, dssef mofo ufd elthrvhlçío jdshd`d lds rotelds.

^dphi `d cdfæied h `d mofule`d`h ” Elthrvhlçío mhltrd`d ld cdfæied Do iolgo `os dlos thf se`o md`d vhz fdes molcerfd`d d e`hed, e`hed, quh d cdfæied å pdrth elthgrdlth `o promhsso h`umdtevo `os diulos  diulos  h quh d sud hlvoivëlmed ld hsmoid å elsujstetuævhi h hxtrhfdfhlth lhmhssäred lhmhssäred.. D prhshlçd `os hlmdrrhgd`os `h h`umdçío ld hsmoid  hsmoid   lío `hvh shr dphlds ld diturd `d hltrhgd `ds lotds, `hvh shr do iolgo `h to`o o dlo h `h corfd elsesthlth. Iogemdfhlth, mofprhhl`h-sh quh d `espolejeie`d`h `hve`o î setudçío processeoldi å md`d vhz fdes `efelutd, moltu`o hxesthf outros fheos pdrd o moltdmto, mofo d md`hrlhtd `o diulo, o thihcolh, h pdrd os uteiezd`orhs `ds lovds thmloiogeds, o h-fdei. O efportdlth å quh o hlmdrrhgd`o `h h`umdçío  h`umdçío  dmofpdlbh `h phrto o phrmurso `o shu h`umdl`o, pdrd dthfpd`dfhlth shrhf postds hf prätemd hstrdtågeds hstrdtågeds  

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 04

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed quh o possdf duxeiedr `d fhibor corfd d thr sumhsso lo shu phrmurso hsmoidr. Zhidtevdfhlth dos diulos mof Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes, Hsphmedes, d cdfæied thf ufd grdl`h efportêlmed h å ojkhto `h dthlçío rh`ojrd`d, rh`ojrd`d, ufd vhz quh d cditd `h jhf-hstdr lo sheo `d fhsfd, fotevd`d por mofpiemdçøhs ou `ecemui`d`hs, po`h shr d mdusd `os projihfds `os `hsmhl`hlths. D cdfæied å uf `os peidrhs fdes efportdlths lo promhsso, promhsso, h cdzhl`o pdrth `d hquepd `h elthrvhlçío `hs`h o `edglýstemo do trdtdfhlto, `hvh mredr mol`eçøhs hfomeoldes h `h susthltdjeie`d`h do diulo. O cdmto `h hxester uf hihfhlto ld cdfæied mof ufd Lhmhsse`d`h H`umdtevd Hsphmedi Hsphmedi   (po`hl`o shr `hcemeëlmed fotord ou cæsemd, sæl`rofhs, projihfds mogletevos h `h dprhl`ezdghf) cdz mof quh d cdfæied hlcrhlth elûfhros `hsdceos h setudçøhs `ecæmhes quh po`hf thr uf efpdmto procul`o ld vevëlmed cdfeiedr h rhsuitdr hf elthlsd dlseh`d`h h crustrdçío. Os pdes h erfíos

sío molcroltd`os

e`hdiezdvdf,, e`hdiezdvdf

dithrdl`o-os

mof os phrdlth

d

solbos rhdie`d`h

h dsperdçøhs h

to`os

quh

socrhrío

fo`ecemdçøhs. Dphsdr `o fh`o h `d elshgurdlçd quh elemedifhlth hxphrehlmedf, digufds cdfæieds sío mdpdzhs `h shr jhf-sumh`e`ds ld d`dptdçío, rhvhidl`o-sh molse`hrdvhifhlth rhdiestds, mof mdpdme`d`h pdrd uitrdpdssdr d setudçío h pdrd dprhl`hr d vevhr mof o projihfd quh hlcrhltdf. ^or outro id`o ds cdfæieds quh do elæmeo hstío fhlos prhpdrd`ds pdrd dmhetdr o `hsdceo quh ufd mredlçd mof Lhmhsse`d`hs H`umdtevds Hsphmedes (LHH)  (LHH)  rhprhshltd, trdjdibdf, d`dptdf-sh h hvoiuhf `h corfd tío lotýred, quh d setudçío `ecæmei lío pro`uz hchetos lhgdtevos, phio molträreo torld-sh lufd hxphreëlmed hlrequhmh`ord. Os erfíos (qudl`o lío hxesthf, diguf cdfeiedr mbhgd`o `d fhsfd cdexd htäred) sío htäred) sío fhfjros hsshlmedes `d cdfæied h `hshfphlbdf uf pdphi `echrhlmed`o `o `os pdes lo dpoeo d ufd mredlçd mof LHH. Sesto shr ufd rhidçío quh hvoiue `hs`h d elcêlmed, mof d pdrteibd `h jrelmd`herds, `d mdsd, `os pdes h `h hxphreëlmeds cdfeiedrhs, d rhidçío hltrh erfíos thf o shu  ’prýpreo memio vetdi". D hsmoid po`h trdzhr lovos dfegos, fds å los erfíos

quh shrä hlmoltrd`o o dpoeo elmol`emeoldi, ievrh `h kuæzos h phlsdfhltos, hxhrmhl`o ufd elciuëlmed efportdlth h mredl`o-sh ufd rhidçío `h elthrdku`d 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 0:

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed h prothçío. Os pdes, erfíos h rhstdlth cdfæied, cdfæied , kultos, `hvhf `hshlvoivhr ds jdshs sýie`ds h susthltd`ds pdrd propormeoldr do diulo mof LHH ufd ve`d o fdes lorfdi possævhi, prhpdrdl`o-o h d`vhrtel`o-o pdrd possævhes dmolthmefhltos h pdrd o prhmolmheto h mruhi`d`h h `d someh`d`h. @hstd corfd, lds cdfæieds ol`h bä ufd mredlçd mof LHH (iegherd ou shvhrd) d thlsío `urdlth os väreos phræo`os `o shu phrmurso hsmoidr po`h mbhgdr d shr hsphmedifhlth dgu`d. @hs`h o dpdrhmefhlto `o projihfd, pdssdl`o phids väreds cdshs `o trdtdfhlto dtå î elthrvhlçío, ds prhomupdçøhs cdfeiedrhs sío fuetds, fuetds, hltrh hids, d lhmhsse`d`h `h tofdr ds fh`e`ds lhmhssäreds pdrd propormeoldr ufd jod h`umdçío î mredlçd mof LHH, `h felefezdr os projihfds `d mredlçd quh surghf `h dmor`o mof md`d e`d`h h `h mredr mol`eçøhs celdlmherds h hfomeoldes pdrd mue`dr `d mredlçd. ^drd esso lío bä quh bdvhr vhrgolbd hf ph`er dku`d, quhr dku`d,  quhr d cdfeiedrhs quhr î hsmoid, ou fhsfo rhmorrhl`o d hsphmediestds. Lorfdifhlth, ld hsmoid o diulo thf dpoeo psemoiýgemo, orehltdçío psemoph`dgýgemd h por pdrth `os prochssorhs, pdrd lo fhsfo shlte`o dku`dr d mofjdthr h d rh`uzer ds molshquëlmeds, h hssh dpoeo tdfjåf po`h shr `d`o dos pdes. ]h ld sud cdfæied hxesth ufd mredlçd ou uf d`oihsmhlth mof LHH, o quh elemedifhlth `hvh cdzhr å promurdr elcorfdçøhs h hsmidrhmefhltos dmhrmd `o projihfd, dtrdvås `os prochssorhs, `o få`emo `h cdfæied ou fhsfo `h phsquesds por elemedtevd prýpred, mofo ld Elthrlht ou hf ievros. Bokh hf `ed  kä hxesthf fuetos ievros h drtegos dmhrmd `hsths thfds quh dprhshltdf ds mdrdmthræstemds, os seltofds, o trdtdfhlto h ds hstrdtågeds `h duxæieo. ]h cor o hlmdrrhgd`o `h h`umdçío, dmofpdlbh o shu h`umdl`o o fdes possævhi h lío sh hsquhçd quh hstd cdsh tdfjåf å lovd h `ecæmei pdrd hih, h mdso lhmhssäreo, promurh dmofpdlbdfhlto h thrdped (psemoiýgemd h cdfeiedr) `h corfd d hiefeldr possævhes `ûve`ds, d h`ecemdr ufd rhdie`d`h cdfeiedr molstrutevd h h`umdtevd, h d molshguer `d fhibor corfd possævhi dku`dr d sud cdfæied h o shu h`umdl`o d uitrdpdssdr o projihfd. D mredlçd thrä ufd fhibor hvoiuçío shr cor dmofpdlbd h sh shlter o dpoeo `d cdfæied, tdi mofo sh shlter jhf lo sheo `d fhsfd. Mdros pdes h hlmdrrhgd`os `h h`umdçío, lo losso pdæs hxesthf feibdrhs `h cdfæieds `h diulos mof LHH h lovos mdsos d dpdrhmhrhf `edredfhlth. O 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 0=

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed prelmepdi å lío `hsester h shr-sh phrsesthlth porquh tu`o po`h shr uitrdpdssd`o   h dphsdr `d `ecemui`d`h quh esso rhprhshltd, o fdes uitrdpdssd`o efportdlth å quh hxestd uf dfjehlth `h mdifd, molcedlçd, shgurdlçd h dpoeo elmol`emeoldi.

Molse`hrdçøhs

h

prelmæpeos

sujkdmhlths

îs

prätemds

mhltrd`ds ld cdfæied; @ulst & Jru`hr (:>>:) `hcelhf d E^ mofo ufd prätemd quh `ez hsshlmedifhlth rhspheto, dos shrveços, dpoeos h rhmursos lhmhssäreos pdrd rhspol`hr îs lhmhsse`d`hs `ds mredlçds, h dos shrveços, dpoeos h rhmursos lhmhssäreos pdrd quh ds cdfæieds possdf profovhr o `hshlvoivefhlto `os shus ceibos, mredl`o oportule`d`hs pdrd quh hids thlbdf uf pdphi dtevo lhsth promhsso (Difhe`d, :>>0). Hlmdrd`d lhstd phrsphtevd d elthrvhlçío thf quh shr molsesthlth mof os ojkhtevos h preore`d`hs `d cdfæied, shl`o o dpoeo d hid prhstd`o d phçd cul`dfhltdi los progrdfds `h E^. Os tåmlemos `hvhf sdjhr quh d cdfæied å ufd molstdlth ld ve`d `d mredlçd, mofo tdi `hvhf shr uf pdrmhero hf to`ds ds `hmesøhs quh dchthf d h`umdçío `os shus ceibos, lofhd`dfhlth lo hstdjhihmefhlto `h ojkhtevos h ld `hceleçío `h soiuçøhs1 quh d `evhrse`d`h h ds `echrhlçds hltrh ds phssods `hvhf shr vdiorezd`ds h rhsphetd`ds1 to`ds ds cdfæieds tëf corçds h mofphtëlmeds, mofphtëlmeds, pdrd ie`dr mof os projihfds po`hl`o h `hvhl`o shr e`hltecemd`ds h vdiorezd`ds, shl`o hihfhltos mof elemedtevd, corçds h efportdlths molbhmefhltos1 ds cdfæieds sío d fhibor colth `h elcorfdçío sojrh os shus ceibos d sud cdfæied h d sud muiturd. @hsth fo`o, å `d rhspolsdjeie`d`h `os processeoldes `h E^ hlmoltrdr corfds quh cdmeiethf o hlvoivefhlto pdrhltdi, `hvhl`o sdjhr rhsphetdr os `erhetos `ds cdfæieds rhidtevdfhlth do thfpo h lævhes `h hlvoivefhlto `hshkd`os phid cdfæied. Bä d lhmhsse`d`h `os tåmlemos rhmolbhmhrhf quh os shrveços `h E^ `hvhf shr dmhssævhes, cihxævhes h `dr rhspostd îs lhmhsse`d`hs e`hltecemd`ds phid h mof d cdfæied; lío sío ds cdfæieds quh sh d`dptdf dos progrdfds fds, os progrdfds quh sh d`dptdf îs cdfæieds1 propormeoldr ufd dtevd moophrdçío `d cdfæied hf to`ds ds cdshs `o promhsso `h elthrvhlçío (pidlecemdçío, dvdiedçío...), ufd vhz quh os progrdfds `h E^ thrío rhsuitd`os tdlto fdes posetevos qudlto fdeor cor o hlvoivefhlto `d cdfæied1 `h dku`dr d cdfæied lo rhmolbhmefhlto h rhsoiuçío `ds suds prýpreds lhmhsse`d`hs h ld uteiezdçío hcemdz `os rhmursos `h quh 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

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]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed `espøh1 rhsphetdr ds mdrdmthræstemds åtlemds, muiturdes, h outrds quh molstetuhf d ’el`eve`udie`d`h‖ `h md`d cdfæied.

Mof o @hmrhto-Ihe l.» :24/:>>5, `h 3 `h Outujro, efpihfhltou-sh Outujro, efpihfhltou-sh o ^idlo El`eve`udi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh (^EE^). Hsth molsesth hf dvdiedr d mredlçd lo shu molthxto cdfeiedr h `hceler ds fh`e`ds h dçøhs d elmrhfhltdr `h corfd d ’dsshgurdr uf promhsso d`hqud`o `h trdlseçío ou `h mofpihfhltdre`d`h

hltrh

shrveços

h

elstetueçøhs‖

(@hmrhto -Ihe

l.»

:24/:>>5). Lo ^EE^ `hvh molstdr d ’e`hltecemdçío `os rhmursos h lhmhsse`d`hs

`d mredlçd h `d cdfæied‖1 ’e`hltecemdçío `os dpoeos d prhstdr‖1 ’e`hltecemdçío `d `dtd `o elæmeo `d hxhmuçío `o pidlo h `o phræo`o provävhi `d sud `urdçío‖1 ’@hceleçío `d phreo`eme`d`h `d rhdiezdçío `ds dvdiedçøhs, rhdiezd`ds

 kulto `ds mredlçds h `ds cdfæieds, jhf mofo `o `hshlvoivefhlto `ds rhsphtevds

mdpdme`d`hs

`h

d`dptdçío‖1

promh`efhltos

quh

phrfetdf

dmofpdlbdr o promhsso `h trdlseçío `d mredlçd pdrd o molthxto h`umdtevo corfdi, lofhd`dfhlth o hsmoidr. ’O ^EE^ `hvh drtemuidr -sh mof o ^HE

(^rogrdfd H`umdtevo El`eve`udi), dqudl`o `d trdlseçío `h mredlçds pdrd d crhquëlmed `h kdr`els-`h elcêlmed ou hsmoids jäsemds jäsemds   `o 4.»memio‖. (@hmrhto-Ihe l.» :24/:>>5) ^drd fdlthr o hqueiæjreo, d cdfæied hlqudlto sesthfd rhdiezd fu`dlçds `h prefherd or`hf, ou shkd, phrdlth uf cdtor hxthrlo el`utor `h fu`dlçd, o sesthfd rhdiezd uf chh`jdma lhgdtevo pdrd rhtofdr d sud mol`eçío elemedi. Lo hltdlto, pdrd uitrdpdssdr ufd mresh, o sesthfd thf `h hvoiuer, rhdiezdl`o pdrd esso ufd fu`dlçd `h shgul`d or`hf, ld qudi o thrdphutd pdrtemepd dtevdfhlth h shrvh `h mdtdiesd`or pdrd d fu`dlçd `o sesthfd. ^or hxhfpio, o ldsmefhlto `h ufd mredlçd lo sheo `h ufd cdfæied  cdfæied   molstetue uf fofhlto `h mresh lo memio `h ve`d `h ufd cdfæied. D d`dptdjeie`d`h `h ufd cdfæied `ez, dssef, rhspheto îs mofphtëlmeds `h md`d hihfhlto `d cdfæied pdrd hlcrhltdr setudçøhs `h `ecemui`d`h h strhss, po`hl`o d cdfæied vdredr hltrh ufd hstruturd mdýtemd ou, phio molträreo, shr rhge`d por rhgrds ræge`ds. Do

cdidr

`h

elthrvhlçío

prhmomh

d

uf

lævhi

cdfeiedr,

cdid-sh

elhvetdvhifhlth `h pdrhltdie`d`h h `d efportêlmed `os pdpåes `os pdes d `hshfphlbdr ld ve`d `d mredlçd, quh fuetds vhzhs, tëf quh shr hlseld`os h 734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

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]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed trheld`os `h corfd d quh os pdpåes `hshfphlbd`os phios pdes, profovdf uf `hshlvoivefhlto sdu`ävhi î mredlçd. @hstd corfd, po`hfos sesthfdtezdr ds culçøhs d `hshfphlbdr phios pdes hf melmo pdrêfhtros. pdrêfhtros .  D prefherd culçío `os culçío `os pdes molsesth hf suprefer h sdtescdzhr ds lhmhsse`d`hs fdes jäsemds `d mredlçd, `h sojrhvevëlmed h sdû`h. D shgul`d culçío  culçío  rhidmeold-sh mof o `espolejeiezdr î mredlçd uf ful`o cæsemo orgdlezd`o h prhvesævhi, mof hspdços h ojkhtos quh possejeiethf d hxestëlmed `h rotelds. D thrmherd culçío  culçío  jdsh `os pdes å `dr rhspostd îs lhmhsse`d`hs `h mofprhhlsío mogletevd `ds rhdie`d`hs hxtrdcdfeiedrhs (os pdes mofo eltårprhths `o ful`o hxthreor cdmh î mredlçd). D qudrtd culçío  culçío  prhl`h-sh mof o sdtescdzhr `ds lhmhsse`d`hs `h dchto, molcedlçd h shgurdlçd (molstruçío `h rhidçøhs `h velmuidçío). H por ûitefo, d queltd culçío quh culçío quh sh rhidmeold mof o sdtescdzhr ds lhmhsse`d`hs `h elthrdçío `d mredlçd h d sud elthgrdçío ld mofule`d`h. ^drd diåf `hstds culçøhs, os pdes tëf del`d, outros pdpåes fueto efportdlths, tdes mofo, o `h shrhf pdrmheros `h elthrdçío lds fdes `evhrsds dteve`d`hs quote`edlds1 dssuferhf del`d uf pdphi fdes `e`ätemo `h elstrutorhs `erhtos ld rhsoiuçío `h projihfds hf molthxtos somedes, h por cef, uf thrmhero pdphi `h prhpdrdçío `h `espolejeiezdçío `h oportule`d`hs `h hstæfuios h dprhl`ezdghls hf molthxtos lío cdfeiedrhs.

Jejieogrdced Difhe`d, E.M. (4557). D ^hrsphtevd Hmoiýgemd hf Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh. Md`hrlos MHDMC. Difhe`d, Fdreld ]. Zo`reguhs (:>>8). Mdfelbos pdrd d Elmiusío Bufdld - Sdiorezdr d ^hssod, Molstruer o ]umhsso H`umdtevo. H`eçøhs D]D;

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

^ägeld 03

 

]esthfd Ldmeoldi `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh ld Elcêlmed ^orto. • Difhe`d, E. M. (:>>0), Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh; comd`d ld mredlçd ou

mhltrd`d ld cdfæied h ld mofule`d`h? El Dläiesh ^semoiýgemd. Jdmb, B. (452=). ^rogrdfds ^ rogrdfds `h Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh pdrd @hcemehlths. Jdeihy, @. (4553). ^rhpdrelg Hdriy Elthrvhlteol ^rocesseoldis cor tbh :4 Mhltury. El F. Jdeihy, @.J., & WOIHZU, F. (455:). Phdmbelg Elcdlts dl` ^rhsmbooihrs wetb @esdjeietehs (:ª H`). Lhw Uora; Fhrrei ^ujiesbelg Mofpdly. • Jderrío, K. (:>>=), Phl`ëlmeds dtudes hf Elthrvhlçío ^rhmomh. El ^semoioged, voi. RSEE, Oherds; Mhitd H`etord, pp. 7-4=.

734=34 - Mue`d`or/d `h Mredlçds h Kovhls

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