Ufcd - 4260 - Grupo 3
July 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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[BIG 7124- TQJOKW TQJOKWJY JY IJ@[CLWÅQLJY
Bjr`egjre? Nìnle Gles Bjr`ecgjs? Gjre Ajrrenhj GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
Bkrcecge BrecilsijEn`klge Terrklre
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WQEAENHJ GK MQ[TJ MQ[TJ LLL
EY ÅQKEY GK LCWKQRKCÍÉJ K@ ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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YJILJI[NW[QEN EY ÅQKEY GE ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN
Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner?
Á`altjs kspeilels, jcgk iereitkrlzå`js k glbkrkcilå`js e Ecl`eíéj Quren ge Ecl`eíéj [raece6 GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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GL@KCYÉJ WQLECM[NEQ
Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner?
Á`altjs ktårljs, jcgk ecenlså`js es gkslmceíûks gk Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln, Ecl`eíéj Ouvkcln, Ecl`eíéj gk Eguntjs k Ecl`eíéj ce Wkriklre Lgegk, eajrgecgj, k` sl`untáckj, es glbkrkctks lcstltulíûks quk jpkre` cjs glvkrsjs ksienûks ktårljs etrevìs gk prjmre`es gk Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen6
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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GL@KCYÉJ WQLECM[NEQ
Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner?
J tkriklrj á`altj, gkcj`lcegj ij`j j skitjr ges etlvlgegks k te`aì` ges tìiclies k rkiursjs pere e Ecl`eíéj, rkbnktlu glbkrkctks gl`kcsûks ijcstltutlves ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen ’ sjilen, iunturen k kguietlve.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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QKENL_EÍÉJ GK TQJMQE@EY
E Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen, etrevìs gjs glbkrkctks á`altjs k ij` e rkenlzeíéj gk prjmre`es quk rkspjcge` e glemcùstlijs prkvle`kctk kneajregjs k pertlilpegjs, ijcstltul u` `ìtjgj pere nkver es pkssjes e eutjgkskcvjnvkrk`-sk k, ijcskqukctk`kctk, rkbjríerk` js neíjs mrupels k ij`ucltårljs. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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E YKNKÍÉJ GJ WLTJ GK ECL@EÍÉJ
E ksijnhe k sknkíéj gj tlpj gk ecl`eíéj vel gkpkcgkr gk enmucs prkssupjstjs, ij`j pjr kxk`pnj? j `klj sjilen, j tlpj gk lcstltulíéj, j mrupj ktårlj, j
prjoktj e gkskcvjnvkr, gkskcvjnvkr, es ckiksslgegks skctlges, js `kljs glspjcàvkls, kti. u`e etlvlgegk pjgk, pjr vkzks, kcielxer k` `els gj quk u` tlpj gk ecl`eíéj. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ E@ALKCW EN E @ALKCWEN
Wk` ij`j pecj gk bucgj j e`alkctk, k` mkren, k e ceturkze, k`
pertliuner. Wk` pertliuner. Wk` prkjiupeíûks ej càvkn ge gkbkse k prkskrveíéj gj GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
`klj e`alkctk.
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ECL@EÍÉJ EQWÀYWLIE
K` tkr`js mkrels, ì tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegk prjpjriljcege pknes glbkrkctks ertks. K` tkr`js pråtlijs, ì tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegks rkneiljceges rkneiljceges ij` es ertks pnåstlies. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ ILKCWÀBLIE
Kstå rkneiljcege ij` j seakr, j ijchkil`kctj k kxpkrl`kcteíéj cj gj`àclj ge ilïcile (Estrjnjmle, mkjnjmle, Berùls, Kcmkcherle…).
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉ ECL@EÍÉJ J I[NW[QEN I[NW[QEN
Qkneiljcegj ij` tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegks, kvkctjs k lcliletlves gk ieråitkr iunturen (ilck`e, ij`k`jreíûks, ijcikrtjs `usliels, ijciursjs, ijrtkojs, gecíes, GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
kspktåiunjss gk rue, kxpjslíûks, kti.). kspktåiunj
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ECL@EÍÉJ GK Q[E
Nlmege e tjges es eíûks k etlvlgegks quk tï` pjr jaoktlvj ger vlge, enkmrer k ecl`er gktkr`lcege rue, zjce ju preíe ge ilgegk. Ì mretulte pere quk` e rkikak k `els ju `kcjs kspjctácke.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ GKYTJQWLRE/BÀYLIE
Ij` kstk tlpj gk ecl`eíéj tk`js eikssj ä kguieíéj bàslie, kxkriàilj bàslij k gkspjrtjs verlegjs.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ KG[IEWLRE/BJQ@EWLRE/LCYWQ[WLRE
Wk` e vkr ij` e kguieíéj k bjr`eíéj k` mkren k ij` e ksijnerlgegk k kcslcj k` kspkilen. Qkneiljcege ij` tjgj j tlpj gk ecl`eíéj quk tk` j lctultj gk kguier, quk pjgk skr gkskcvjnvlge pjr pels k kguiegjrks.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ KYIJNEQ
Qkneiljcege ij` e ksijne k e ksijnerlgegk. T.k. T.k. j gkspjrtj ksijner.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ BE@LNLEQ
Ì prj`jvlge cj sklj ge be`ànle.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
5=
ECL@EÍÉJ BKYWLRE
Kstå rkneiljcege ij` tjgj j tlpj gk Bkstes (Tjpunerks, Wregliljcels, Qknlmljses, kti.).
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ HJYTLW HJYTLWENEQ/TKGLÅWQLIE ENEQ/TKGLÅWQLIE
Ì e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik cjs skrvlíjs hjspltenerks, ij` j lctultj gk prjpjriljcer `j`kctjs gk nezkr k glvkrséj ejs peilkctks.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
5<
ECL@EÍÉJ @[NWL@ÌGLE/WKICJNÙMLIE/LCBJQ@ÅWLIE
Wugj equlnj quk ì rkneiljcegj ij` js `kljs eugljvlsuels k cjves tkicjnjmles.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ @[YLIEN
Wk` e vkr ij` ij ` tjgj j tlpj gk eijctkil`kctjs, kvkctjs k etlvlgegks gk ieråitkr `uslien.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ CJW[QCE
Ì e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik k gkijrrk ä cjltk, k` njiels ij`j ieslcjs, aerks, alcmjs, glsijtkies, iebìs, kti. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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ECL@EÍÉJ TKGEMÙMLIE
Beiln`kctk ijcbucglge ij` e glgåtlie. Wk` Wk` cj kctectj enmu`es glbkrkcíes, ij`j e gkblclíéj gj quk ì glgåtlij k pkgemùmlij. Kstk ÿntl`j, tk` u`e ijcjteíéj `els kguietlve, kxpnjre venjrks, prlciàpljs k lgkles vårles, sjijrrkcgj-sk gk `kljs k kqulpe`kctjs pkgemùmlijs.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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TJNÀWLIE/TEQWLGÅQLE EQWLGÅQLE ECL@EÍÉJ TJNÀWLIE/T
Ì e quk eijctkik ej càvkn ges ie`peches, ijcmrkssjs, ij`àiljs k gkaetks pjnàtlijs. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Ecl`eíéj Tjpuner/Wregliljcen
Ì u`e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik pjr tjgj j peàs, `ultes vkzks nlmege ä rknlmléj k ejs Yectjs Tjpunerks. Wk`js Wk`js ij`j kx. errelels, aezerks, kcijctrjs, bklr es es pjpunerks, `erihes pjpunerks, rj`erles, kti.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Ecl`eíéj Qkirketlve/Nÿglie
Ì e ecl`eíéj `els glbucglge. Kstå rkneiljcege ij` j ojmj, j glvkrtl`kctj, j tk`pj nlvrk k skrvk pere tjges es lgegks. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Ecl`eíéj Qknlmljse
Essjilege e tjges es pråtlies, eijctkil`kctjs k rltuels rknlmljsjs, ij`j p.k. iese`kctjs, aetlzegjs, ij`uchûks, `lsses, ijcbkssjs, kti.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
1=
ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN
Ecl`eíéj Yjilen
Qkneiljcege ij` j kstà`unj k `jalnlzeíéj gk mrupjs, uclgjs pknes `ks`es jrlmkcs k nkls.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Js mrupjs-envj
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Js mrupjs-envj E egkquege prjmre`eíéj gk etlvlgegks ij` mrupjs ì ksskcilen pere merectlr quk sk etlcoe` js jaoktlvjs quk gkvk` skr prkvle`kctk gknlckegjs k` bucíéj gj ijctkxtj ijcirktj k` quk kste`js e etuer. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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JY MQ[TJYENRJ
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
L`pjrte tkr prkskctk quk e prjsskiuíéj gk jaoktlvjs l`pnlie céj sj`kctk u`e egkquege prjmre`eíéj, lstj ì, u`e ijrrkte sknkíéj k jrgkceíéj gk etlvlgegks, `es te`aì`, e gkblclíéj ectkilpege k e pjstkrljr l`pnk`kcteíéj gk u`e `ktjgjnjmle. Ju skoe céj lctkrksse epkces pkcser cj quk sk vel bezkr ij` u` mrupj, `es te`aì` ij`j sk vel treaenher, ij`j sk véj l`pnk`kcter es etlvlgegks ij` kssk mrupj.
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[@E
K` ecl`eíéj gk mrupjs ì lcglspkcsåvkn
TQJMQE@EÍÉJ GK EWLRLGEGKY
kcierer e prjmre`eíéj ij` bnkxlalnlgegk, tectj `els quk rere`kctk kxlstk e
WK@ GK YKQ
jarlmetjrlkgegk gk iu`prlr prjmre`es
BNKXÀRKN.
ectkilpege`kctk ksteaknkilgjs.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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[@E TQJMQE@EÍÉ J GK EWLRLGEGKY WK@ GK YKQ
Ì l`pjrtectk prkvkr, ej prjmre`er, quk u`e etlvlgegk pjgk gurer j tk`pj lclilen`kctk prkvlstj, `es te`aì` pjgk gurer `ultj `kcjs ju `ultj `els tk`pj.
BNKXÀRKN.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
99
JY MQ[TJY-
Ju skoe, pjgk céj kxlstlr tk`pj pere
ENRJ?
rkenlzer tugj j quk sk prjmre`ju, ju pjgk
KCU[EGQE@KCW JK
skr ckikssårlj rkenlzer etlvlgegks céj prkvle`kctk prjmre`eges pere quk u`e sksséj gk treaenhj céj tkr`lck ikgj
IJCWKXW[ENL_E ÍÉJ GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
gk`els.
97
L`pjrte, te`aì`, tkr prkskctk quk u`e
MQ[TJY-ENRJ? RJ? JY MQ[TJY-EN
etlvlgegk quk, ej prjmre`er`js, perkile egkquege pere u` gktkr`lcegj mrupj,
KCU[EGQE@KCW JK
ijctkxtj k `j`kctj pjgk, pknjs `els verlegjs k l`prkvlstjs betjrks, rkvkner-sk
IJCWKXW[ENL_E ÍÉJ
lcegkquege k, pjr lssj `ks`j, tkr gk skr suastltuàge, ä ÿntl`e hjre.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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[@E TQJMQE@EÍÉJ GK EWLRLGEG EWLRLGEGKY KY GKRK GK RK
[`e ges iereitkràstlies `els glstlctlves gj treaenhj quk sk rkenlze, cj á`altj ge
YKQ [@E TQJTJ TQJTJYW YWE EE CKMJILEQ IJ@ J
ecl`eíéj ij` mrupjs, ì quk, es pkssjes, healtuen`kctk, gkvk` pjgkr ksijnhkr
MQ[TJ IJ@ U[K@ YK REL WQEAENHEQ.
etlvlgegks.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
nlvrk`kctk k pertlilper etlve`kctk ces
92
IJCWLC[EÍÉJ
Js tk`pjs k `jgjs gkste ckmjileíéj gj
prjmre`e gk etlvlgegks, ij` js pertlilpectks, verlerå gk eijrgj ij` es iereitkràstlies gj mrupj
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
9=
EY EWLRLGEGKY YKQRK@ TEQE EWLCMLQ JAOKWLRJY J[ TEQE YEWLYBE_KQ J MQ[TJ.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
@es k` quenqukr gjs iesjs tk`js gk skr ijkrkctks ij` j jaoktlvj ge cjsse etueíéj.
Céj jrmeclzerk`js etlvlgegks etlvlgegks ij`pktltlves
sk u` gjs cjssjs prjpùsltjs bjr j gk `knhjrer es etltugks gk ijjpkreíéj kctrk js `k`arjs gk u` mrupj. 98
E rkenlzeíéj ges etlvlgegks tk` gk tkr k` ijcte j rlt`j gk gkskcvjnvl`kctj gj mrupj. [` mrupj quk céj sk ijchkik, ju quk eieae gk ihkmer e u` sàtlj cjvj, céj tk` e `ks`e iepeilgegk gk rkenlzer etlvlgegks quk rkqukrk` ijjpkreíéj gj quk e gk u` mrupj
quk oå kstå lcstenegj cu` njien ju quk oå buciljce hå enmu` tk`pj.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
9<
Ì e ecl`eíéj gkstlcege e akaìs, irlecíes k prìegjnksikctks. Ì k` ijcikalge tkcgj ijcte es iereitkràstlies, ij`pktïciles, iepeilgegks k eptlgûks prùprles gkstes lgegks.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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E Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln tk` ij`j prl`klrj jaoktlvj pkr`ltlr ä irlecíe quk pjsse
ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN
arlcier, `es sjarktugj quk j beíe k` arlcier, ijcglíûks quk nhk pkr`lte` j sku gkskcvjnvl`kctj pkssjen k k` mrupj.
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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Gkste bjr`e, e Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln ì vlste céj sù ij`j u` ijcouctj gk etlvlgegks ksijnerks (Kguieíéj Bjr`en), ij`j te`aì` u` ijcouctj gk etlvlgegks quk
ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN
sk pjgk` gkskcvjnvkr lcgkpkcgkctk`kctk ju k` ertliuneíéj ij` e ksijne (Kguieíéj Lcbjr`en k Kguieíéj Céj Bjr`en).
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
71
Kstes ÿntl`es etlvlgegks ijcslstk` ce rkenlzeíéj gk eíûks gk? kxprksséj gre`åtlie, pnåstlie, `uslien, ojmj gre`åtlij k ojmj sl`aùnlij.
ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN
Njpks (1448) gkbkcgk quk quenqukr eíéj e nkver e ieaj gj`àclje prlciàpljs ge Ecl`eíéj Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln gkvkcj jakgkikr quk ijctk`pnk`?
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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E irletlvlgegk Kcvjnvl`kctj k` årkes kxprksslves, quk ijcslgkrk` bjr`es lcjvegjres k prjikssjs gk
IQLEWLRLGEGK/ IJ@TJCKCWK
eprkcglzemk` kstl`unecgj e l`prjvlseíéj k e kspjctecklgegk
NßGLIE E ij`pjckctk nÿglie GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
77
Trezkr ce eíéj, enkmrle ce pertlilpeíéj cu` inl`e gk ijcblecíe
E etlvlgegk
Mkregjre gk glcá`lie, brutj gk u`e lctkreíéj rksuntectk ge eíéj
EWLRLGEGK/ YJILENL_EÍÉJ
E sjilenlzeíéj
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
Kcvjnvïcile ij` js jutrjs 7;
E nlakrgegk Brutj gk eíûks sk` ijcstrecml`kctj k rkprkssûks ce prjiure pkr`eckctk ge
NLAKQGEGK/TEQ WLILTEÍÉJ
nlakrgegk
E pertlilpeíéj
Wjgjs séj etjrks prjtemjclstes gk pepìls prlcilpels
GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ
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72
JAQLMEGE TKNE EWKCÍÉJ
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