Ufcd - 4260 - Grupo 3

 

[BIG 7124- TQJOKW TQJOKWJY JY IJ@[CLWÅQLJY

Bjr`egjre? Nìnle Gles Bjr`ecgjs?  Gjre Ajrrenhj GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

Bkrcecge BrecilsijEn`klge Terrklre

5

 

WQEAENHJ GK MQ[TJ MQ[TJ LLL

 

EY ÅQKEY GK LCWKQRKCÍÉJ K@ ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

9

 

YJILJI[NW[QEN EY ÅQKEY GE ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN 

Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner? 

Á`altjs kspeilels, jcgk iereitkrlzå`js k glbkrkcilå`js e Ecl`eíéj Quren ge Ecl`eíéj [raece6 GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

7

 

GL@KCYÉJ WQLECM[NEQ 



Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner? 

Á`altjs ktårljs, jcgk ecenlså`js es gkslmceíûks gk Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln, Ecl`eíéj Ouvkcln, Ecl`eíéj gk Eguntjs k Ecl`eíéj ce Wkriklre Lgegk, eajrgecgj, k` sl`untáckj, es glbkrkctks lcstltulíûks quk jpkre` cjs glvkrsjs ksienûks ktårljs etrevìs gk prjmre`es gk Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen6

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

;

 

GL@KCYÉJ WQLECM[NEQ  

Js á`altjs ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen esskcte` ce kxlstïcile gk u`e gl`kcséj trlecmuner? 

J tkriklrj á`altj, gkcj`lcegj ij`j j skitjr ges etlvlgegks k te`aì` ges tìiclies k rkiursjs pere e Ecl`eíéj, rkbnktlu glbkrkctks gl`kcsûks ijcstltutlves ge Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen ’ sjilen, iunturen k kguietlve.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

2

 

QKENL_EÍÉJ GK TQJMQE@EY 

E Ecl`eíéj Yjiljiunturen, etrevìs gjs glbkrkctks á`altjs k ij` e rkenlzeíéj gk prjmre`es quk rkspjcge` e glemcùstlijs prkvle`kctk kneajregjs k pertlilpegjs, ijcstltul u` `ìtjgj pere nkver es pkssjes e eutjgkskcvjnvkrk`-sk k, ijcskqukctk`kctk, rkbjríerk` js neíjs mrupels k ij`ucltårljs. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

=

 

E YKNKÍÉJ GJ WLTJ GK ECL@EÍÉJ



E ksijnhe k sknkíéj gj tlpj gk ecl`eíéj vel gkpkcgkr gk enmucs prkssupjstjs, ij`j pjr kxk`pnj? j `klj sjilen, j tlpj gk lcstltulíéj, j mrupj ktårlj, j

 prjoktj e gkskcvjnvkr, gkskcvjnvkr, es ckiksslgegks skctlges, js `kljs glspjcàvkls, kti. u`e etlvlgegk pjgk, pjr vkzks, kcielxer k` `els gj quk u` tlpj gk ecl`eíéj. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

8

 

ECL@EÍÉJ E@ALKCW EN E @ALKCWEN



Wk` ij`j pecj gk bucgj j e`alkctk, k` mkren, k e ceturkze, k`

 pertliuner. Wk`  pertliuner. Wk` prkjiupeíûks ej càvkn ge gkbkse k prkskrveíéj gj GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

`klj e`alkctk.

<

 

ECL@EÍÉJ EQWÀYWLIE

K` tkr`js mkrels, ì tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegk  prjpjriljcege pknes glbkrkctks ertks. K` tkr`js  pråtlijs, ì tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegks rkneiljceges rkneiljceges ij` es ertks pnåstlies. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

54

 

ECL@EÍÉJ ILKCWÀBLIE

Kstå rkneiljcege ij` j seakr, j ijchkil`kctj k kxpkrl`kcteíéj cj gj`àclj ge ilïcile (Estrjnjmle, mkjnjmle, Berùls, Kcmkcherle…).

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

55

 

ECL@EÍÉ ECL@EÍÉJ J I[NW[QEN I[NW[QEN



Qkneiljcegj ij` tjgj j tlpj gk etlvlgegks, kvkctjs k lcliletlves gk ieråitkr iunturen (ilck`e, ij`k`jreíûks, ijcikrtjs `usliels, ijciursjs, ijrtkojs, gecíes, GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

kspktåiunjss gk rue, kxpjslíûks, kti.). kspktåiunj

51

 

ECL@EÍÉJ GK Q[E



Nlmege e tjges es eíûks k etlvlgegks quk tï` pjr jaoktlvj ger vlge, enkmrer k ecl`er gktkr`lcege rue, zjce ju preíe ge ilgegk. Ì mretulte pere quk` e rkikak k `els ju `kcjs kspjctácke.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

59

 

ECL@EÍÉJ GKYTJQWLRE/BÀYLIE



Ij` kstk tlpj gk ecl`eíéj tk`js eikssj ä kguieíéj bàslie, kxkriàilj bàslij k gkspjrtjs verlegjs.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

57

 

ECL@EÍÉJ KG[IEWLRE/BJQ@EWLRE/LCYWQ[WLRE

Wk` e vkr ij` e kguieíéj k bjr`eíéj k` mkren k ij` e ksijnerlgegk k kcslcj k` kspkilen. Qkneiljcege ij` tjgj j tlpj gk ecl`eíéj quk tk` j lctultj gk kguier, quk pjgk skr gkskcvjnvlge pjr pels k kguiegjrks.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

5;

 

ECL@EÍÉJ KYIJNEQ 

Qkneiljcege ij` e ksijne k e ksijnerlgegk. T.k. T.k. j gkspjrtj ksijner.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

52

 

ECL@EÍÉJ BE@LNLEQ 



Ì prj`jvlge cj sklj ge be`ànle.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

5=

 

ECL@EÍÉJ BKYWLRE

Kstå rkneiljcege ij` tjgj j tlpj gk Bkstes (Tjpunerks, Wregliljcels, Qknlmljses, kti.).

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

58

 

ECL@EÍÉJ HJYTLW HJYTLWENEQ/TKGLÅWQLIE ENEQ/TKGLÅWQLIE



Ì e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik cjs skrvlíjs hjspltenerks, ij` j lctultj gk prjpjriljcer `j`kctjs gk nezkr k glvkrséj ejs peilkctks.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

5<

 

ECL@EÍÉJ @[NWL@ÌGLE/WKICJNÙMLIE/LCBJQ@ÅWLIE



Wugj equlnj quk ì rkneiljcegj ij` js `kljs eugljvlsuels k cjves tkicjnjmles.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

14

 

ECL@EÍÉJ @[YLIEN



Wk` e vkr ij` ij ` tjgj j tlpj gk eijctkil`kctjs, kvkctjs k etlvlgegks gk ieråitkr `uslien.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

15

 

ECL@EÍÉJ CJW[QCE

Ì e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik k gkijrrk ä cjltk, k` njiels ij`j ieslcjs, aerks, alcmjs, glsijtkies, iebìs, kti. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

11

 

ECL@EÍÉJ TKGEMÙMLIE

Beiln`kctk ijcbucglge ij` e glgåtlie. Wk` Wk` cj kctectj enmu`es glbkrkcíes, ij`j e gkblclíéj gj quk ì glgåtlij k pkgemùmlij. Kstk ÿntl`j, tk` u`e ijcjteíéj `els kguietlve, kxpnjre venjrks,  prlciàpljs k lgkles vårles, sjijrrkcgj-sk gk `kljs k kqulpe`kctjs  pkgemùmlijs.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

19

 

TJNÀWLIE/TEQWLGÅQLE EQWLGÅQLE ECL@EÍÉJ TJNÀWLIE/T

Ì e quk eijctkik ej càvkn ges ie`peches, ijcmrkssjs, ij`àiljs k gkaetks pjnàtlijs. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

17

 

Ecl`eíéj Tjpuner/Wregliljcen

Ì u`e ecl`eíéj quk eijctkik pjr tjgj j peàs, `ultes vkzks nlmege ä rknlmléj k ejs Yectjs Tjpunerks. Wk`js Wk`js ij`j kx. errelels, aezerks, kcijctrjs, bklr es es pjpunerks, `erihes pjpunerks, rj`erles, kti.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

1;

 

Ecl`eíéj Qkirketlve/Nÿglie

Ì e ecl`eíéj `els glbucglge. Kstå rkneiljcege ij` j ojmj, j glvkrtl`kctj, j tk`pj nlvrk k skrvk pere tjges es lgegks. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

12

 

Ecl`eíéj Qknlmljse



Essjilege e tjges es pråtlies, eijctkil`kctjs k rltuels rknlmljsjs, ij`j p.k. iese`kctjs, aetlzegjs, ij`uchûks, `lsses, ijcbkssjs, kti.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

1=

 

ECL@EÍÉJ YJILJI[NW[QEN

Ecl`eíéj Yjilen 

Qkneiljcege ij` j kstà`unj k `jalnlzeíéj gk mrupjs, uclgjs pknes `ks`es jrlmkcs k nkls.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

18

 

Js mrupjs-envj

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

1<

 

Js mrupjs-envj E egkquege prjmre`eíéj gk etlvlgegks ij` mrupjs ì ksskcilen  pere merectlr quk sk etlcoe` js jaoktlvjs quk gkvk` skr  prkvle`kctk gknlckegjs k` bucíéj gj ijctkxtj ijcirktj k` quk kste`js e etuer. GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

94

 

JY MQ[TJYENRJ

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

L`pjrte tkr prkskctk quk e prjsskiuíéj gk jaoktlvjs l`pnlie céj sj`kctk u`e egkquege prjmre`eíéj, lstj ì, u`e ijrrkte sknkíéj k jrgkceíéj gk etlvlgegks, `es te`aì`, e gkblclíéj ectkilpege k e pjstkrljr l`pnk`kcteíéj gk u`e `ktjgjnjmle. Ju skoe céj lctkrksse epkces pkcser cj quk sk vel bezkr ij` u` mrupj, `es te`aì` ij`j sk vel treaenher, ij`j sk véj l`pnk`kcter es etlvlgegks ij` kssk mrupj.

95

 

[@E



K` ecl`eíéj gk mrupjs ì lcglspkcsåvkn

TQJMQE@EÍÉJ GK EWLRLGEGKY

kcierer e prjmre`eíéj ij` bnkxlalnlgegk, tectj `els quk rere`kctk kxlstk e

WK@ GK YKQ

jarlmetjrlkgegk gk iu`prlr prjmre`es

BNKXÀRKN.

ectkilpege`kctk ksteaknkilgjs.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

91

 

[@E TQJMQE@EÍÉ J GK EWLRLGEGKY WK@ GK YKQ



Ì l`pjrtectk prkvkr, ej prjmre`er, quk u`e etlvlgegk pjgk gurer j tk`pj lclilen`kctk prkvlstj, `es te`aì` pjgk gurer `ultj `kcjs ju `ultj `els tk`pj.

BNKXÀRKN.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

99

 

JY MQ[TJY-

Ju skoe, pjgk céj kxlstlr tk`pj pere

ENRJ?

rkenlzer tugj j quk sk prjmre`ju, ju pjgk

KCU[EGQE@KCW JK

skr ckikssårlj rkenlzer etlvlgegks céj  prkvle`kctk prjmre`eges pere quk u`e sksséj gk treaenhj céj tkr`lck ikgj

IJCWKXW[ENL_E ÍÉJ GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

gk`els.

97

 

L`pjrte, te`aì`, tkr prkskctk quk u`e

MQ[TJY-ENRJ? RJ? JY MQ[TJY-EN

etlvlgegk quk, ej prjmre`er`js, perkile egkquege pere u` gktkr`lcegj mrupj,

KCU[EGQE@KCW JK

ijctkxtj k `j`kctj pjgk, pknjs `els verlegjs k l`prkvlstjs betjrks, rkvkner-sk

IJCWKXW[ENL_E ÍÉJ

lcegkquege k, pjr lssj `ks`j, tkr gk skr suastltuàge, ä ÿntl`e hjre.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

9;

 

[@E TQJMQE@EÍÉJ GK EWLRLGEG EWLRLGEGKY KY GKRK GK RK



[`e ges iereitkràstlies `els glstlctlves gj treaenhj quk sk rkenlze, cj á`altj ge

YKQ [@E TQJTJ TQJTJYW YWE EE CKMJILEQ IJ@ J

ecl`eíéj ij` mrupjs, ì quk, es pkssjes, healtuen`kctk, gkvk` pjgkr ksijnhkr

MQ[TJ IJ@ U[K@ YK REL WQEAENHEQ.

etlvlgegks.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

nlvrk`kctk k pertlilper etlve`kctk ces

92

 



IJCWLC[EÍÉJ

Js tk`pjs k `jgjs gkste ckmjileíéj gj

 prjmre`e gk etlvlgegks, ij` js  pertlilpectks, verlerå gk eijrgj ij` es iereitkràstlies gj mrupj

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

9=

 

EY EWLRLGEGKY YKQRK@ TEQE EWLCMLQ JAOKWLRJY J[ TEQE YEWLYBE_KQ J MQ[TJ.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ



@es k` quenqukr gjs iesjs tk`js gk skr ijkrkctks ij` j jaoktlvj ge cjsse etueíéj.

 Céj jrmeclzerk`js etlvlgegks etlvlgegks ij`pktltlves



sk u` gjs cjssjs prjpùsltjs bjr j gk `knhjrer es etltugks gk ijjpkreíéj kctrk js `k`arjs gk u` mrupj. 98

 

E rkenlzeíéj ges etlvlgegks tk` gk tkr k` ijcte j rlt`j gk gkskcvjnvl`kctj gj mrupj.  [` mrupj quk céj sk ijchkik, ju quk eieae gk ihkmer e u` sàtlj cjvj, céj tk` e `ks`e iepeilgegk gk rkenlzer etlvlgegks quk rkqukrk` ijjpkreíéj gj quk e gk u` mrupj



quk oå kstå lcstenegj cu` njien ju quk oå buciljce hå enmu` tk`pj.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

9<

 



Ì e ecl`eíéj gkstlcege e akaìs, irlecíes k prìegjnksikctks. Ì k` ijcikalge tkcgj ijcte es iereitkràstlies, ij`pktïciles, iepeilgegks k eptlgûks  prùprles gkstes lgegks.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

74

 



E Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln tk` ij`j prl`klrj jaoktlvj pkr`ltlr ä irlecíe quk pjsse

ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN

 arlcier, `es sjarktugj quk j beíe k`  arlcier, ijcglíûks quk nhk pkr`lte` j sku gkskcvjnvl`kctj pkssjen k k` mrupj.

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

75

 



Gkste bjr`e, e Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln ì vlste céj sù ij`j u` ijcouctj gk etlvlgegks ksijnerks (Kguieíéj Bjr`en), ij`j te`aì` u` ijcouctj gk etlvlgegks quk

ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN

sk pjgk` gkskcvjnvkr lcgkpkcgkctk`kctk ju k` ertliuneíéj ij` e ksijne (Kguieíéj Lcbjr`en k Kguieíéj Céj Bjr`en).

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

71

 



Kstes ÿntl`es etlvlgegks ijcslstk` ce rkenlzeíéj gk eíûks gk? kxprksséj gre`åtlie,  pnåstlie, `uslien, ojmj gre`åtlij k ojmj sl`aùnlij.

ECL@EÍÉJ LCBECWLN



Njpks (1448) gkbkcgk quk quenqukr eíéj e nkver e ieaj gj`àclje prlciàpljs ge Ecl`eíéj Ecl`eíéj Lcbectln gkvkcj jakgkikr quk ijctk`pnk`?

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

79

 

E irletlvlgegk  Kcvjnvl`kctj k` årkes kxprksslves, quk ijcslgkrk` bjr`es lcjvegjres k prjikssjs gk

IQLEWLRLGEGK/ IJ@TJCKCWK

eprkcglzemk` kstl`unecgj e l`prjvlseíéj k e kspjctecklgegk

NßGLIE E ij`pjckctk nÿglie   GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

77

Trezkr ce eíéj, enkmrle ce pertlilpeíéj cu` inl`e gk ijcblecíe  

E etlvlgegk 

Mkregjre gk glcá`lie, brutj gk u`e lctkreíéj rksuntectk ge eíéj

EWLRLGEGK/ YJILENL_EÍÉJ

E sjilenlzeíéj 

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

Kcvjnvïcile ij` js jutrjs 7;

 

E nlakrgegk  Brutj gk eíûks sk` ijcstrecml`kctj k rkprkssûks ce prjiure pkr`eckctk ge

NLAKQGEGK/TEQ  WLILTEÍÉJ

nlakrgegk

E pertlilpeíéj 

Wjgjs séj etjrks prjtemjclstes gk pepìls  prlcilpels

GJQE, BKQCECGE, BQECILYIJ

72

72

 

JAQLMEGE TKNE EWKCÍÉJ