UFCD 3272 - Processo de Comunicação e Formas Relacionais e Pedagógicas

 

Trchassc ja hcounkhgæèc a ecrogs ralghkcngks a pajgføfkhgs jg hrkgnæg QEHJ 8060

 

Trchassc ja hcounkhgæèc Hcnhaktc Alaoantcs jc prchassc ja hcounkhgæèc Eaaj`ghi/Aopgtkg @grrakrgs ä hcounkhgæèc

 

Hcnhaktc ja hcounkhgæèc

 

G pglgvrg “hcounkhgæèc‟

Jarkvg jc lgtko “hcoounkhgra‟ Xkfnkekhg2  púr ao hcouo, gsschkgr, antrgr ao ralgæèc, astg`alahar lgæcs, tcrngr hcouo,  pgrtklmgr9 trchg ja kjakgs, cpknkñas a oansgfans, sanjc qua hcntaoplg c kntarhào`kc ja knecrogæèc antra subaktcs cu c`batcs.

 

“Trchassc ssc palc qugl cs saras muogncs trchgo antra sk knecrogæñas‟ “Trcha  uo eanøoanc aspcntànac a ngturgl, qua usgocs sao jgrocs hcntg qua ashcnja uo prchassc ouktc hcoplaxc, qua anvclva g trchg ja knecrogæñas, a utklkzg skstaogs sko`ølkhcs hcoc supcrta pgrg asta eko. Astèc anvclvkjcs nasta prchassc uog kneknkjgja ja ognakrgs ja sa hcounkhgr.

 

Alaoantcs jc prchassc ja hcounkhgæèc

 

Gssko, surfao koplkhktgoanta cs alaoantcs nuhlagras jc gtc hcounkhgtkvc2

• Aoksscr  ("saras muogncs") c højkfc, c hgngl a c hcntaxtc. •• Pahatcr Oansgfao ("knecrogæñas"),

 

Tgrg mgvar hcounkhgæèc  nahassçrkc2 graha`g9 kntarvanæèc ja palc oancs jcks knjkvïjucs, uo qua aoktg, cutrc qua glfc tao qua sar trgnsoktkjc palc aoksscr gc rahatcr9 astabg jkspcnïval uo hgngl ja hcounkhgæèc9 g knecrogæèc g trgnsoktkr tao qua astgr "trgjuzkjg" nuo højkfc hcnmahkjc, quar palc aoksscr, quar palc rahatcr9 • tcjc c gtc hcounkhgtkvc raglkzg-sa nuo jatarokngjc hcntaxtc a 

• • • •

jatarokngjc pcr assa oasoc hcntaxtc.

 

Aoksscr (cu ecnta jg oansgfao jg hcounkhgæèc)2 Paprasantg pansg, hcjkekhg a anvkg g oansgfao, cu sabg, quao knkhkg c  prchassc ja quao hcounkhgæèc. G oansgfao pcja sar trgnsoktkjg sc` g ecrog ja pglgvrgs, sïo`clcs, fastcs, cu quglquar cutrg ecrog, jasja qua hcopraansïvall pgrg cs kntarvankantas nc prchassc. hcopraansïva

Oansgfao2 Knecrogæèc, kjakg. cu pansgoantc qua sa pratanja trgnsoktkr. Hcrraspcnja gc qua vgocs jkzar

 

Højkfc2 Hcrraspcnja ä ecrog hcoc g oansgfao  trgnsoktkjg, sanjc uo skstaog ja skfnkekhgjcs hcounkhgæèc.hcouns gcs oao`rcs qua aeatugo (cu pratanjao aeatugr) g G hcjkekhgæèc jg oansgfao pcja sar eaktg trgnsecrognjc c pansgoantc pansgo antc qua sa  pratanja trgnsoktkr ao pglgvrgs, fastcs cu sïo`clcs qua sabgo hcopraansïvaks hcopraansïvaks  pcr quao g raha`a

Hgngl ja trgnsokssèc jg oansgfao2 Zrgtg-sa jc oakc eïskhc palc qugl g oansgfao  trgnsoktkjg, cu sabg,  c alaoantc qua egz g lkfgæèc antra c aoksscr a c rahatcr.

 

Hcntaxtc2 Xktugæèc aspahïekhg cnja sa prchassg g trgnsokssèc jg oansgfao. C hcntaxtc vgrkg hcnscgnta c tkpc ja hgngl ja trgnsokssèc utklkzgjc a hcnscgnta gs hgrghtarïstkhgs jc aoksscr a jc(s) rahatcr(as), `ao hcoc hcnscgnta c lchgl cnja sa prchassg g sktugæèc, jg ashclmg jc hgngl ja trgnsokssèc a jc tkpc ja hcjkekhgæèc. Pahatcr2  quao raha`a a jashcjkekhg g oansgfao trgnsoktkjg. Asta pcja sar uog passcg knjkvkjugl cu uo frupc ja passcgs, pcks pcjao axkstkr nuoarcscs rahatcras pgrg g oasog oansgfao. Japcks jc rahatcr raha`ar a kntarpratgr g oansgfao trgnsoktkjg, aokta uog knecrogæèc ja ratcrnc ä oansgfao raha`kjg, sanjc astg gæèc jaskfngjg pcr eaaj`ghi.

 

G lknfugfao a g hcounkhgæèc astèc kntkogoanta lkfgjgs, pcks  c oakc qua  parokta g hcounkhgæèc. Gssko, g lknfugfao  uo skstaog (hcnbuntc grtkhulçval) ja skngks qua hco`kngjcs antra sk, pcjao prcjuzkr uog oultkplkhkjgja kneknktg ja skfnkekhgjcs. G lknfugfao lknfugfao pcja sar gfrupgjg ao2 • LKNFQGFANX UAP@GKX2 qua utklkzgo gs pglgvrgs. • LKNFQGFANX NC UAP@GKX2 qua nèc usgo pglgvrgs. OKXZGX2 qua utklkzgo skoultgnagoanta g lknfugfao var`gl • LKNFQGFANX a g nèc var`gl. OKXZGX2

 

Eaaj`ghi / Aopgtkg

 

Ecrogs ja oalmcrgr g hcounkhgæèc kntarpasscgl G) MG@KLK MG@KLKJGJ JGJAX AX JA ZPGN ZPGNXOK XOKXX XXC C • Qsgr lknfugfao gprcprkgjg a jkratg (avktgnjc c usc ja bgrfèc a tarocs arujktcs qugnjc pglgvrgs skoplas ecrao suekhkantas). • Ecrnahar knecrogæñas tèc hlgrgs a hcoplatgs qugntc ecr pcssïval. • Qsgr hgngks oòltkplcs pgrg astkoulgr vçrkcs santkjcs jc rahatcr (gujkæèc, vksèc ath.). • Qsgr hcounkhgæèc egha g egha saopra qua ecr pcssïval.

 

MG@KLKJGJAX AX GQJKZKUGX GQJKZKUGX @) MG@KLKJGJ vcntgja a hgpghkjgja ja ashutgr g oansgfao (var`gl, gtkvg2 • Ashutg sko`ølkhg a nèc-var`gl), a raspcnjar gprcprkgjgoanta gc kntakrg hcntaòjc a ä kntanæèc (santkoantcs, aocæñas ath.) jg oansgfao.

• Aopgtkg2 g ashutg gtkvg axkfa uog hartg sansk`klkjgja äs passcgs hco quao astgocs g tantgr hcounkhgr. Ng sug assânhkg, aopgtkg skfnkekhg hclchgr-sa ng  pcskæèc cu sktugæèc jg cutrg passcg, nuo asecræc pgrg antanjâ-lg.

 

• Paelaxèc2 uog jgs ecrogs ja sa gplkhgr g ashutg gtkvg  raecroulgr saopra g oansgfao raha`kjg. G hmgva  raelatkr sc`ra c qua eck jktc sao knhlukr uo  bulfgoantc, gpangs pgrg tastgr c sau antanjkoantc jg oansgfao.

• Eaaj`ghi2 hcoc g hcounkhgæèc aekhgz  uo prchassc ja trchg  `kjkrahkcngl, c usc ja eaaj`ghi  ogks uog ognakrg ja sa rajuzkr eglmgs ja hcounkhgæèc a jkstcræñas.

 

H) MG@KLKJGJAX JA EAAJ@GHI  Gssafurgr-sa ja qua quar gbujgr kr (a jkratc nèc sa gc ocstrgr suparkcr). ••  Nc hgsc ja eaaj`ghi nafgtkvc, gssuntc9 hcoaægr uog jkshussèc hco quastñas parkerkhgs a rcjakcs fargloanta hrkg gnskajgjas gc knvs ja oknkokzç-lgs. vglcr.. • Jashravg g sktugæèc ja ocjc hlgrc, avktgnjc buïzcs ja vglcr • Hcnhantra-sa nc prc`laog (avkta sc`rahgrrafgr c rahatcr hco axhassc ja knecrogæñas cu hrktkhgs).

 

• Astgr prapgrgjc pgrg raha`ar eaaj`ghi, vkstc qua c sau hcopcrtgoantc pcja hcntrk`ukr pgrg c hcopcrtgoantc jc rahatcr. • Gc anharrgr c eaaj`ghi, varkekhgr qua tgntc c aoksscr hcoc c rahatcr tâo oasoc antanjkoantc sc`ra c qua eck jahkjkjc.

 

@grrakrgs gs ä hcounkhgæèc @grrakr

 

Gs prknhkpgks `grrakrgs ä hcounkhgæèc sktugo-sa g 8 nïvaks2  

• Gc nïval passcgl9 • Gc nïval eïskhc9 • Gc nïval saoàntkhc.

 

@GPPAKPGX TAXXCGKX Tcja ghcntahar jurgnta prchasscs ja hcjkekhgæèc a jashcjkekhgæèc jg oansgfao, pcjanjc gsskocs s ktugr-sa2 sktugr-sa2

• Gc nïval jc aoksscr • Gc nïval jc rahatcr

 

Gc nval jc aoksscr2 • Wugnjc nèc gsskoklcu cs hcntaòjcs qua java trgnsoktkr. • Talc sau afchantrksoc, gsschkgjc g uog knhgpghkjgja pgrg sa hclchgr nc lufgr jc sau rahaptcr raha ptcr,, hcoc g utklkzgæèc ja uo højkfc kngjaqugjc.

• Jaekhkanta alg`crgæèc oantgl jg oansgfao. • Jaekhkanta ashclmg jcs oakcs a/cu jc lchgl cnja sa astg`alaha g hcounkhgæèc.

 

Gc nval jc rahatcr2 •  Egltg ja kntarassa pgrg hgptgr g oansgfao. •  Gntahkpgæèc jg raspcstg, pcr nèc sg`ar/quarar ashutgr gtkvgoanta. • Hcopatkæèc antra kntarlchutcras, qua ao hgscs axtraocs farg ocnølcfcs hclatkvcs. • Trahcnhaktcs ao ralgæèc gc aoksscr, hco mkpøtasas ja vglcrkzgæèc cu jasvglcrkzgæèc jg kogfao jc aoksscr a jg oansgfao raha`kjg. •  Tcskæèc qua chupg ng raja ja hcounkhgæèc. •  Astgjc pskhcløfkhc - aocæñas, sktugæèc gtugl, ath..

 

@GPPAKPGX EÏXKHGX Kntarearao gc nïval jc hgngl cnja sa jasanvclva g hcounkhgæèc2

• Puïjcs cu `grulmcs - nc axtarkcr axtarkcr,, hcnvarsgs ja tarhakrcs, tarha krcs, ath. • Jasprcpcræèc jc vcluoa ja knecrogæèc ao ralgæèc gcs oakcs ja hcounkhgæèc. • Gvgrkgs cu jaekhkânhkgs ncs oakcs ashclmkjcs pgrg anvkgr g oansgfao.

 

@GPPAKPGX XAOÀNZKHGX Xèc hcnstktuïjgs palgs lkoktgæñas prasantas ncs sïo`clcs hco qua hcounkhgocs,  bç qua astas pcjao pcssukr skfnkekhgjcs jkearantas2

•  Nèc gjaqugæèc jg lknfugfao gcs rahatcras. • Hcnctgæñas nèc antanjkjgs ä luz jc frupc schkgl ja qua c knjkvkjuc egz pgrta (ax2 oakc rurgl/oakc hktgjknc). •  Nèc hcrraspcnjânhkg jg lknfugfao var`gl ä lknfugfao nèc-var`gl.

 

G kopcrtànhkg jg ashutg gtkvg

 

G KOTCPZÀNHKG JG AXHQZG GZKUG  uog gtktuja ja jkspcnk`klkjgja pgrg raha`ar gs oansgfans • G jcsashutg cutrcsgtkvg a tantgr hcopraanjâ-lgs.

• G ashutg gtkvg anhcrgbg c aoksscr g axplkhktgr gs sugs nahasskjgjas, gc oasoc taopc qua jç g hartazg ja astgr g hcopraanjar c qua ala astç g jkzar. • Wugnjc usgocs g ashutg gtkvg, astgocs g anvkgr uo skngl gc aoksscr ja qua hcnekgocs nala,. ja qua jgocs kopcrtànhkg äs sugs pglgvrgs a ja qua c astgocs g cuvkr cuvkr.

 

PAFPGX TGPG QOG AXHQZG GZKUG • Xg`ar jakxgr eglgr9 • Hclchgr-s Hclchgr-saa ao aopgtkg hco c cutrc9 cu trc9 • HantrgrHantrgr-sa sa nc qua  jktc9 • Ogntar cs hgngks g`artcs9 • Alkokngr quglquar buïzc koajkgtc9 •  Nèc kntarrcopar c cutrc9 • Paecroulgr9

 

Hcopcrtgoantcs hcounkhghkcngks Gtktujas knaekhgzas

Hcounkhgæèc Gssartkvg

 

GZKZQJAX KNAEKHGRAX  G eko ja oknkokzgr hmcquas hcounkhghkcngks, hcnvanhkcngrgo-sa earrgoantgs a oakcs ja oltkplgs utklkzgas qua pgssgo g sar usgjcs palgs passcgs ng hcounkhgc kntarpasscgl. Hcoc axaoplc ja earrgoantg pcjaocs hcnskjargr g eglg, g ookhg, cs hcoputgjcras, g ashrktg, g lnfug, cs talaecnas a g rjkc.  G ashclmg jcs oakcs ja hcounkhgc a g utklkzgc jgs earrgoantgs jkspcnvaks java sar c`sarvgjg ja ocjc g eghklktgr tcjc c prchassc hco c oancr ïnjkha ja ruïjcs pcssïval.

 

Cs rahurscs usgjcs pgrg gnulgr ruïjcs sc2 g) Paju Pajunj njn nhk hkgg2  tcjc c alaoantc jg oansgfao qua nc trgz nanmuog knecrogc ncvg. A uo rahursc utklkzgjc pgrg hmgogr  gtanc a alkokngr pcssvaks rujcs. Nassa santkjc, java-sa rapatkr ergsas a knecrogas bulfgjgs assanhkgks  hcopraansc jc rahatcr9

`) Ea Eaaj aj`g `ghi2 hi2 hcnbuntc ja skngks parhaptvaks qua paroktao hcnmahar c rasultgjc jg oansgfao9  c prchassc ja sa jkzar g uog passcg hcoc sa santa ao eunc jc qua alg eaz cu jkssa. Tgrg kssc, egzar parfuntgs a c`tar gs raspcstgs, g eko ja varkekhgr sa g oansgfao eck raha`kjg cu nc.

 

Qog vaz trgnsoktkjg g knecrogc, c rahatcr prchassg-g a, safunjc cs saus c`batkvcs trgnsecrog-g ao hcnmahkoantc. C kopcrtgnta ng hcounkhgc kntarpasscgl  c hukjgjc a g prachupgc jcs kntarlchutcras ng trgnsokssc jcs jgjcs cu jgs knecrogas ao quastc pgrg qua sa c`tanmg c suhassc nc prchassc jasabgjc.

 

Hcoc c skoplas gtc ja raha`ar g oansgfao nc fgrgnta qua c rahatcr v kntarprat-lg hcrratgoanta (cu sabg, hcoc sa pratanjkg), hcnvo hcnskjargr2 7. Wuao hcounkhg hcounkhg g quao, quao, ao tarocs tarocs ja pgpks pgpks qua assgs passcgs passcgs jasaopanmgo 0. G lknfugf lknfugfao ao cu c(s) so`clc so`clc(s) (s) usgjcs usgjcs pgrg g hcounkhg hcounkhgc, c, a g raspatkvg raspatkvg hgpghkjgja ja lavgr g knecrogc a astg sar antanjkjg pcr go`gs gs pgrtas. 8. C hgngl ja hcounkhg hcounkhgc, c, cu c oakc aoprafgj aoprafgjc, c, a hcoc hcoc gs knecro knecrogas gas sc sc raha`kjgs gtrgvs jcs jkvarscs hgngks (hcounkhgc eglgjg cu ashrktg).

 

:. C hcntajc jg hcounkhgc (`cgs cu os ncthkgs, ralavgntas cu krralavgntas, egoklkgras cu astrgnmgs) 1. Gs hgrghtarstkhgs kntarpasscgks jc trgnsoksscr a gs ralgas kntarpasscgks antra trgnsoksscr a c rahatcr (ao tarocs ja hcnekgng, knelunhkg ath.). 5. C hcntaxtc nc qugl g hcounkhgc chcrra.

 

Uabgocs glfuns hcopcrtgoantcs oancs gssartkvcs2 • Jkekhuljgja ao clmgr cs cutrcs ja eranta (jasvkgr cu `gkxgr cs clmcs)9 • Jkekhuljgja ao knkhkgr cu astg`alahar uog hcounkhgc hco cutrao9 • Knhgpghkjgja pgrg var cu ashutgr glfuo (egzar qua nc v cu nc cuva)9 • Tcskhkcngoantc jurc, kntrgnskfanta, gltkvc, rfkjc9 • Qtklkzgc ja fastcs gfrasskvcs (frktcs, anhangas)9 • Knhgpghkjgja prtkhg ja hcounkhgc fastugl (rkfkjaz oushulgr)9 • Knjkspcnk`klkjg Knjkspcnk`klkjgja ja pgrg tcogr g pglgvrg ao p`lkhc.

 

HCOQNKHGÆÈC GXXAPZKUG Tcjaraocs ns ralghkcngr-ncs hco glfuo ja ecrog pcsktkvg3 A jkssc qua sa trgtg qugnjc eglgocs ja gssartkvkjgja.  G pglgvrg gssartkvkjgj gssartkvkjgja a vao ja “gssarc‟, gekrogr gekrogr.. Jkearanta ja ghartgr ghartgr,, gekrogr nc tao ralgc hco c hartc cu arrgjc a sko hco g axpcskc pcsktkvg jc qua sa jasabg trgnsoktkr. • Qog passcg gssartkvg  hgpgz ja axprassgr c ogks jkratgoanta pcssval c qua pansg, c qua jasabg, ashclmanjc uo hcnbuntc ja gtktujas gjaqugjgs pgrg hgjg sktugc, ja ghcrjc hco c lchgl a c ocoantc.

 

G gssartkvkjgja parokta2 • uog hcounkhgc jkratg pcr oakc ja uo hcopcrtgoantc qua mg`klktg c knjkvjuc g gfkr nc sau kntarassa9 • jaeanjar-sa sao gnskajgja axhasskvg9 • axprassgr cs saus santkoantcs ja ecrog mcnastg a gjaqugjg, egzanjc vglar cs saus jkraktcs sao nafgr cs jcs cutrcs.

 

 G gssartkvkjgja  uo traknc skstaotkhc, ao qua c knjkvjuc tao ja ragpranjar g gutantkhkjgja gtrgvs ja uog prtkhg frgjugl a rafulgr.  Xar varjgjakrc nc hcnsksta ao "jkzar tujc c qua oa vao  hg`ag", ogs sko ao axprkokr-oa aekhgzoanta, tanjc hcoc c`batkvc g avcluc raglkstg jg sktugc. Tcrtgntc, g gssartkvkjgja pcja sar antanjkjg hcoc uog ecrog hcopcrtgoantgl ja hcounkhgr qua skfnkekhg c qua gc aucutrc. quarc, skntc a pansc, jgnjc skoultgnagoanta aspgcgekrogr ja gekrogc

 

A nahassrkc, antc, sg`ar qua tkpc ja hcopcrtgoantc prcvchg g ragc pcsktkvg2 avktgr g ookhg a g antcgc hcntrrkg s pglgvrgs9 tantgr jashravar gs prprkgs raghas, ao vaz ja gvglkgr gs ghas jcs cutrcs9 axprkokr-oa ja ecrog pcsktkvg ao vaz ja jasvglcrkzgr, bulfgr, hrktkhgr, rkjkhulgrkzgr cu egzar kntarpratgas, eghklktgnjc g axprassc jcs santkoantcs jcs cutrcs. C hcopcrtgoantc gssartkvc rasultg ng eusc ja qugtrc eghtcras2 • @co hcntgtc vksugl - Zco ja vcz nautrc - Gtanc  lknfugfao - Tcsturg g`artg.

 

Qo hcopcrtgoantc gssartkvc koplkhg2

• C raspaktc jc knjkvjuc pcr sk prprkc, gc axprkokr cs saus fcstcs, kntarassas, jasabcs a jkraktcs9 • C raspaktc palcs cutrcs, palcs saus fcstcs, kjakgs, nahasskjgjas a jkraktcs.

 

 gssartkvc quao2 • st  vcntgja ng ralgc egha g egha9 • A varjgjakrc hcnskfc oasoc a hco cs cutrcs, nc jksskoulg cs saus santkoantcs9 • Hclchg gs hcksgs ouktc hlgrgoanta s cutrgs passcgs, nafchakg ng `gsa ja c`bahtkvcs prahkscs a hlgrgoanta jatarokngjcs9 • Nafchakg ng `gsa ja kntarassas otucs a nc oajkgnta goaggs9 • Nc jakxg qua c pksao9 • stg`alaha hco cs cutrcs uog ralgc ja hcnekgng a nc ja jcokngc a ja hglhulksoc9

 

Ugntgfans jg Hcounkhgc Gssartkvg2 • st ng `gsa ja ralghkcngoantcs mcnastcs a sgujvaks9 • Trcjuz g sansgc ja `ao-astgr nc go`kanta prceksskcngl a egoklkgr9 • Zrgjuz-sa ao oalmcras rasultgjcs pgrg c prprkc a pgrg c frupc9 • vktg cs hcnelktcs a c jasfgsta ngs ralgas.

 

A kopcrtgnta qua c ajuhgjcr hcnjuzg cs trg`glmcs nc santkjc jg jashc`artg ja ecrogs gssartkvgs ja ralghkcngoantc, astg`alahanjc uo hlkog ja gutc-gekrogc, qua paroktg jasanvclvar2 • C santkjc jc muocr, jg skopgtkg a jc ghclmkoantc9 •  G hgpghkjgja ja c`sarvgc c`sarvgc jgs sktugas9 sktugas9 • Qo ralghkcngoantc g`artc a ergnhc eunjgjc ng safurgng jg parscnglkjgja9 •  G quglkjgja jg knecrogc knecrogc/hcounkhg /hcounkhgc c cu ja jgr/raha`ar jgr/raha`ar eaaj`ghi9 eaaj`ghi9 •  G hgpghkjgja ja ashutgr a gprahkgr cs cs cutrcs.

 

Palghkcngoantc Kntarpasscgl • Hcoplaxkjgja a rkquazg jg parscnglkjgja • Jknàokhg jc ralghkcngoantc muognc • Kopcrtànhkg jgs prkoakrgs koprassñas nc ralghkcngoantc kntarpasscgl • Zansèc nc ralghkcngoantc muognc

 

Hcoplaxkjgja a rkquazg jg parscnglkjgja

 

Zcjcs scocs jkearantas, kstc , taocs trgcs ja parscnglkjgja jkearantas, a kssc egz hco qua gs ncssgs ragas sabgo jkearantas. G ecrog hcoc ncs ralghkcngocs a jgocs gc cutrc vgk scerar vgrkgas ja passcg pgrg passcg. C qua  g parscnglkjgja3 • Hcnbuntc ja hgrghtarstkhgs pskhclfkhgs qua jatarokngo g knjkvkjuglkjgja passcgl a schkgl. • Hcnbuntc ja pgjras hcopcrtgoantgks, (knhluknjc pansgoantcs a aocas) qua hgrghtarkzgo g ognakrg ja hgjg knjkvkjuc sa gjgptgr s sktugas jg sug vkjg.

 

• Hgjg passcg pcssuk uog jkspcskc kngtg g gtuglkzgr gs pctanhkglkjgjas jc sau crfgnksoc. • G passcg avcluk pcsktkvgoanta qugnjc sa santa hcopraanjkjg, a juog ognakrg aoptkhg hco c cutrc. A jasta ocjc qua g passcg eunhkcng ja ecrog plang, kntafrgl.

 

Jknàokhg jc ralghkcngo ralghkcngoantc antc muognc

 

JAEKNKÆÈC JA PALGHKCNGOANZC KNZAPTAXXCGL  Palgc astg`alahkjg antra jcks cu ogks kntarvankantas nuo prchassc ja hcounkhgc.

Nasta ào`ktc pcjaocs jkstknfukr jugs ecrogs ja ralgc2 • Palgñas hcnvanhkcngks Xc ogks cu oancs prashrktgs pcr ncrogs schkgks schkgks mkarrqukhgs. A c hgsc jgs ralgas prceksskcngks, prceksskcngks, cnja g ralgc nc  ashclmkjg lkvraoanta. • Palgñas nc hcnvanhkcngks Zo uog jkoansc ogks passcgl. G ralgc trgjuz-sa pcr uog ashclmg lkvra a uog frgnja koplkhgc passcgl.

 

C Mcoao ralghkcng-sa hco cs cutrgs gtrgvs ja2  Palgñas ecrogks (g ja uo hkjgjc hco uog rapgrtkc gjoknkstrgtkvg)  Palgñas knecrogks (frupc ja gokfcs)

Palgñas Ïntkogs (ralgas egoklkgras) Palgñas Tò`lkhgs (pgrtkhkpgc nuo hcnhartc) Palgñas Chgskcngks (pajkjc ja knecrogc g uo trgnsaunta jashcnmahkjc)

Eghtcras qua kneluanhkgo gs ralgñas kntarpasscgks2 • Cs hcntaxtcs • Cs pgpks • C hcntajc jg ralgc

Palgñas Xkstaoçtkhgs (ralgas ja trg`glmc a ja vkzknmgng)

• Cs kntarvankantas

 

Eghtcras qua kneluanhkgo gs ralgñas kntarpasscgks Cs hcntaxtcs • Palgas hco cs pgks a egoklkgras • Palgas hco gokfcs, hclafgs ja trg`glmc a vkzknmcs, hcounkjgja • Palgas gocrcsgs

Tgpal jasaopanmg jasaopanmgjc jc •  Gc sa ralghkcngrao hco cs cutrcs, gs passcgs gjqukrao ncvcs hcopcrtgoantcs, jkvkjao tgraegs a gjctgo jkearantas pgpks. pgp ks.

 

Hcntaòjc jg ralgc •  G ralgc pcja tar hcoc hcntajc hcnta jc uo gssuntc astrktgoanta passcgl, uog ogtrkg ogt rkg ja astujc cu uo prc`laog prceksskcngl. •  Gs trchgs antra cs knjkvjucs vgrkgo ja ghcrjc hco c hcntajc cu g ogtrkg jg ralgc. • Hco g egolkg a cs gokfcs, cs hcntajcs sarc, sao jvkjg, ogks knecrogks.

Cs kntarlchutcras • Cs cutrcs nunhg sc nautrcs pgrg ns, alas trgnspcrtgo hcnskfc skfnkekhgjcs a  ao eunc jassas skfnkekhgjcs qua ncs hcopcrtgocs.

 

• Nc s hcntrk`uocs pgrg gs ralgñas ralgñas ao  ao qua astgocs anvclvkjcs hcoc scocs oujgjcs pcr algs. algs. • Qog jgs axkfnhkgs eunjgoantgks pgrg qua g hcounkhgc a gs ralgas kntarpasscgks sa tcrnao prcfrasskvgoanta ogks rkhgs, prcjutkvgs a ogjurgs,  g nahasskjgja ja hcopraansc ja sk prprkc a jcs cutrcs. cutrcs. •  Gsschkgoc-ncs gcs cutrcs pgrg glhgngrocs hartcs c`batkvcs a sgtksegzar nahasskjgjas qua, gutc-astkog, egzao-ncs sczknmcs, nc hcnsafukrgocs raglkzgr. Cs cutrcs glkoantgo g ncssg gutc-astkog, santkr `ao, kopcrtgntas, raspcnsçvaks palc `ao-astgr jalas, egzao-ncs hcopgnmkg, jkvartao-ncs.

 

Kopcrtànhkg jgs prkoakrgs koprassñas nc ralghkcngoantc ralghkcngo antc kntarpasscgl

 

• Zcjc c gjultc hcnmaha a santa gqualg pcntg ja gnskajgja knkhkgl ja quao hcoag uo trg`glmc hco passcgs hco gs qugks gknjg nc tava hcntghtc. • Tcjaocs hgusgr cu `cg cu o kogfao ja ns prprkcs ncs cutrcs. Cs ncsscs gtcs, gtktujas a hcopcrtgoantcs vc ekhgr frgvgjcs ng oaorkg jgqualas hco quao ncs ralghkcngocs palg prkoakrg vaz.

 

Javaocs hrkgr uo aspgc ja -vcntgja a antanjkoantc pgrg sa vanharao gqualas ocoantcs ja knhcounkhgc, pgrg sa “pgrtkr c falc‟ jc jashcnmahkjc a ultrgpgssgr g gnskajgja jc hcoac.

JKHGX • Xcrrksc ncs lç`kcs, lç`kcs, sabg skoptkhc/g, ghassval a hglcrcsc/g. •  Gprasanta-sa hco skoplkhkjgja skoplkhkjgja   jkzanjc quao , c qua egz. Kntrcjuzg uog cu cutrg `rknhgjakrg, uo pcaog, uog hgntklang, uog oskhg, uog hcnvarsg, ja ocjc g “pgrtkr c falc‟ a g knhantkvgr raspcstg pcr pgrta jcs saus kntarlchutcras ‘ gs hrkgngs hrkgn gs a/cu gjultcs.

 

• Trchura knsarkr-sa nc frupc, prcocvanjc-c a, gc egz-lc, krç fgnmgr g sug prprkg

ngturglkzgc hcoc oao`rc jassa frupc. Gs passcgs prajkspao-sa g cuvk-lg, g hcounkhgr , c frupc hcoag g sar uog raglkjgja a c gjultc  ghakta hcoc sau gnkogjcr. • Tgrg qua hgusa uog prkoakrg koprassc pcsktkvg gpcka-sa ncs hcopcrtgoantcs

gssartkvcs, ngs gtktujas, astrgtfkgs a fastcs hcrpcrgks pcsktkvcs g tar hco g hrkgng. • Tgrg avktgr uog o koprassc avkta tcjcs cs ogus hcopcrtgoantcs, gtktujas a

astrgtfkgs jasgjaqugjcs ä prcocc ja uo `co ralghkcngoantc kntarpasscgl.

 

ralghkcngoantc muognc muognc Zansñas jc ralghkcngoantc

 

 Gs astrgtfkgs ja nafchkgc kntarpasscgl sc ouktc kopcrtgntas pgrg gs hrkgngs, algs sc c oahgnksoc qua ogks kneluânhkg tao nc prcfrassc jc jasanvclvkoantc

kntarpasscgl. A  kopcrtgnta qua cs gjultcs qua lkjgo hco hrkgngs hcnmago cs jkvarscs

nïvaks ja astrgtfkgs ja nafchkgc kntarpasscgl, qua sgk`go kjantkekhgr ao qua nval cu nvaks sa sktugo gs hrkgngs jc sau frupc ja trg`glmc, pgrg pcjarao kntarvkr nc santkjc ja prcocvar c sau jasanvclvkoantc g asta nval.

 

Nïval 4 ‘ kopulskvg  G hrkgng astrgtfkgs eskhgs utklkzg pgrg gtknfkr cs saus c`batkvcs, gfa kopulskvgoanta. Zao jkekhuljgja ao jkearanhkgr g sug parspatkvg jg jc cutrc, `ao hcoc ao jkstknfukr  antra gas a santkoantcs. Nc hclg`crg hco cs cutrcs, ao vaz jkssc ecfa cu usg g ecrg.

Nïval 7 ‘ unklgtargl

Nïval 0 ‘ rahïprchg

 G hrkgng utklkzg astrgtfkgs unklgtargks pgrg c`tar hcntrclc cu sgtksegzar g sug passcg. Nc hcnskjarg gs parspatkvgs ao sapgrgjc. Uarkekhgo-sa crjans a glafgas ja santkjc nkhc cu skoplas ghcocjgc pgsskvg s nahasskjgjas jc cutrc.  G sug parspatkvg 

 Gs astrgtfkg astrgtfkgss jasta nval anvclvao asecrcs nc santkjc ja sgtksegzar go`cs cs pgrtkhkpgntas, ja ecrog rahprchg. nvclva ecrogs ja nafchkgc, trchgs a hcntrgtcs, astrgtfkgs ja parsugsc

ralavgnta, pravglaha. 

prc`laogs hrkgngs (hcochco aspargrcutrgs palg sug vaz, pgrtklmgr ogtarkgks, ath.).

g

qua

(tantgr hcnvanhar c cutrc). Nc m hcoprcoksscs. G hrkgng jkearanhkg gs parspatkvgs su`batkvgs hcnskjargnjc-gs ao skoultànac. lg rasclva, fargloanta hco gutcncokg

 

Hcounkhgæèc a ralgæè ralgæècc pajgføfkhg Pafrgs hcoc alaoantc astruturgnta jg hcounkhgæèc a jg ralgæèc pajgføfkhg Pctkngs hcoc alaoantc astruturgnta ng crfgnkzgæèc aspçhkc-taopcrgl

 

Pafrgs hcoc alaoantc astruturgnta jg hcounkhgæèc a jg ralgæè ralgæèc c pajgføfkhg

 

 

Jaeknkr

Astg`alahar Egzar huoprkr

Pafrgs   g`sclutgoanta nahassrkc pgrg g ajuhgc jgs hrkgngs. * Pafrgs sc hcopcrtgoantcs qua cs pgks aspargo qua gs hrkgngs tanmgo ao jatarokngjgs

sktugñas.  Gs rafrgs sc uog `gsa ja safurgng a ja trgnquklkjgja   pgrg gs hrkgngs, sao algs santao-sa

gnskcsgs a hcneusgs.

 

Trkoakrc qua tujc, pgrg qua g hrkgng sabg hgpgz ja hcopraanjar a huoprkr gs rafrgs ,



nahassçrkc qua2 •Xabgo ouktc hlgrgs a axplhktgs • G hrkgng sgk`g saopra qugks sc gs hcnsaqunhkgs jg knergc a jc huoprkoantc jassgs rafrgs9 • G gplkhgc gplkhgc jgs rafrgs sabg hcaranta, kstc , sabgo gplkhgjgs saopra, a nc nuogs sktugas sko a ncutrgs nc, a antra tcjgs gs passcgs qua ajuhgo g hrkgng, pgrg qua g hrkgng gs pcssg hcopraanjar.

 

A ouktc kopcrtgnta qua2 •   cs pgks astabgo

ja ghcrjc  ao

ralgc  ajuhgc jcs eklmcs a qua astas

pcssgo hcntgr hco g gbujg ja cutrcs gjultcs prxkocs  hrkgng (cs gvs, gokfcs ntkocs, ath.). • Cs gjultcs (pgks, ajuhgjcras) sabgo hlgrcs ao ralgc gc hcopcrtgoantc qua 

ghaktçval a gc hcopcrtgoantc knjasabgjc.   Gs rafrgs javao sar `gsagjgs ao axpahtgtkvgs rgzcvaks pgrg c nval ja jasanvclvkoantc jgs hrkgngs.

 

• Astrgtfkgs ajuhgtkvgs gntgfnkhgs a kngjaqugjgs pcjao kopajkr  g   g hrkgng ja ognkeastgr hcopcrtgoantcs gjaqugjcs  sug kjgja a hcopatnhkgs. •  Gs hrkgngs hcneunjao-sa hco eghklkjgja sa gs rafrgs oujgo ja jkg pgrg jkg cu ja gjultc pgrg gjultc. Gs hrkgngs tastgo lkoktas a, pcr kssc, g hcnskstânhkg 

assanhkgl. Cs pgks javao sar hcnskstantas nc huoprkoantc jgs rafrgs a sar pravksvaks ngs sugs raghas. Jastg ecrog, g hrkgng gpranja c qua  aspargjc a pcja ashclmar c`ajahar cu nc c`ajahar, astgnjc hcnshkanta jgs hcnsaquânhkgs.

 

• Zanta crkantgr gs hrkgngs ja uog ecrog pcsktkvg, raearknjc c qua g

hrkgng java egzar ao vaz jc qua g hrkgng nc java egzar.  • Trchura bustkekhgr gs rafrgs jgnjc uog axplkhgc qua gpala gc crfulmc jg hrkgng, gc sau jasabc ja sar hrashkjg a  sug prachupgc ao ralgc gcs cutrcs.

 

• Cs lkoktas javao sar elaxvaks a oujgr  oajkjg qua g hrkgng hrasha, hco c c`bahtkvc ja g gbujgr g gpranjar cs hcopcrtgoantcs schkgks a aochkcngks gjaqugjcs pgrg vkvar ao schkajgja. • Nc sa java nafchkgr hco santkoantcs cu jgr gocr hcnjkhkcngl gpangs qugnjc g hrkgng sa hcopcrtg ja ecrog gjaqugjg.

 

• Cs pgks javao huoprkr c qua jkzao a sar hgpgzas ja ogntar uog

pclïtkhg ekroa a hcnskstanta ja jkshkplkng, ja ocjc g qua g hrkgng pcssg aspargr qua huoprgo c qua jkssargo. Xa uo pgk chgskcngloanta oujg ja kjakgs, nc egz ogl nanmuo jkzar  hrkgng qua oujcu ja cpknkc, axplkhgnjc gs sugs rgzas. • o fargl, g vkjg  ouktc ogks skoplas pgrg g hrkgng sa alg scu`ar qua pcja aspargr qua cs pgks huoprao c qua jkzao.

 

• Gpasgr ja mgvar ouktgs axhapas,  ouktc hcouo cs pgks a oas tarao kjakgs uo pcuhc jkearantas gharhg jg jkshkplkng. o fargl cs pgks

sc ogks rïfkjcs a gs oas tâo ogks tanjânhkg pgrg pansgr qua g hrkgng astç g pgssgr pcr uog egsa a qua  oalmcr hajar uo pcuhc. • A kopcrtgnta qua g hrkgng skntg g hcnskstnhkg jg jkshkplkng ja hgjg “pgk‟. Gssko, alg hcoag g sg`ar c qua pcja aspargr ja hgjg uo.

 

• Knjapanjantaoanta jgs jkearangs antra pgks a oas,  ouktc kopcrtgnta jkshutk-lgs ao prkvgjc a gprasantgr uog eranta unkjg

pargnta g hrkgng, gpckgnjc gs crjans a jahksñas jc cutrc . G jkshkplkng eglmg qugsa knavktgvaloanta qugnjc uo jcs pgks nc gpckg c cutrc, cu pkcr gknjg, qugnjc hrktkhg g hcopcrtgoantc jc cutrc  eranta jg hrkgng.

 

• A kopcrtgnta rahcopansgr c `co hcopcrtgoantc. Tcja sar gtrgvs ja uog jaocnstrgc eskhg ja geahtc, uo g`rgc, uo `akbc cu uog eastknmg, cu pcja sar uo alcfkc. • Gs gekrogas prahksgs sc pgrtkhulgroanta taks pcrqua anskngo

hlgrgoanta ä hrkgng c qua cs pgks quarao. Cs alcfkcs javao sar jgjcs koajkgtgoanta, nuo tco ja vcz gfrgjçval.

 

 Gs hrkgngs gpranjao gutc-hcntrclc qugnjc cs gjultcs gs trgtgo hco

jkfnkjgja a usgo thnkhgs ja jkshkplkng, tgks hcoc2 • Crkantgr gs hrkgngs gtrgvs ja lkoktas hlgrcs, hcnskstantas a bustcs ao ralgc gc hcopcrtgoantc ng sglg, cu nc hgsc ja hrkgngs ogks valmgs, gbujgnjc-gs g astg`alahar cs saus prprkcs lkoktas9 • Uglcrkzgr cs arrcs hcoc cpcrtunkjgjas jg gpranjkzgfao9 • Pacrkantgr gs hrkgngs pgrg hcopcrtgoantcs cu ghtkvkjgjas ogks ghaktvaks9

 

• shutgr gs hrkgngs qugnjc eglgo sc`ra cs saus santkoantcs a erustrgas9 • Fukgr gs hrkgngs pgrg qua algs rasclvgo hcnelktcs, ocjalgnjc hcopatnhkgs qua gbujao gs hrkgngs g rasclvar cs saus prprkcs prc`laogs9 • Lao`rgr pghkantaoanta s hrkgngs, qugnjc tgl sabg nahassrkc, gs rafrgs a gs rgzas pgrg assgs oasogs rafrgs axkstkrao.

 

Pctkngs hcoc alaoantc astruturgnta ng crfgnkzgæèc aspghkc-taopcrgl

 

• Qog rctkng hcaranta  uog astruturg. Lk`artg kfugloanta hrkgngs a gjultcs jg   a parokta-lmas usgr gs prachupgc ja tarao ja jahkjkr c qua vao g safukr  a sugs anarfkgs hrkgtkvgs ngs tgraegs qua to antra ocs. • Qog vaz astg`alahkjg a nalg kntafrgjgs gs hrkgngs, g rctkng tcrng-sa ogks

elaxïval. Tcr axaoplc, uo `co taopc ja trg`glmc cu `rknhgjakrg pcja, pcr vazas, sar prclcnfgjc cu g rctkng gltargjg pgrg sa gjgptgr g uog sgjg gc axtarkcr. axtarkcr.

 

 G rctkng jkrkg tao tao hcoc eko trs c`bahtkvcs c`bahtkvcs kopcrtgntas2  

Trkoakrc, prcpcrhkcngr uog saqunhkg qua prcpcrhkcna  hrkgng uo

  Xafunjc, jgr gzc g ouktcs

prchassc ja g gbujgr g axplcrgr, plgnagr a axahutgr `rknhgjakrgs a prcbahtcs a g tcogr jahksas sc`ra g gpranjkzgfao.

tkpcs ja kntargc ‘ trg`glmc ja frgnja/paquanc frupc, ja gjultc/hrkgng, ja hrkgng/hrkgng a ja gjultcs ao aqukpg ‘ a g taopcs ao qua gs gtkvkjgjas sc ja

Zarhakrc, prcpcrhkcngr taopc t aopc pgrg trg`glmgr nuog frgnja vgrkajgja ja go`kantas ‘ jantrc ja hgsg, gc gr lkvra, ao axhursas gc hgopc, ao jkearantas rags ja trg`glmc. Wugnjc g rctkng jkrkg  `ao utklkzgjg, pcja prcpcrhkcngr

knkhkgtkvg jg hrkgng. a ja knkhkgtkvg jc gjultc

uog astruturg oultkeghatgjg qua parokta g gtkvkjgja ag hrkgtkvkjgja ja hrkgngs a gjultcs.

 

•  G axkstnhkg ja jkvarskjgja ncs parcjcs ja gpranjkzgfao pcssk`klktg s hrkgngs

uo laqua ja axparkânhkgs a ja kntarghñas. stas ocoantcs kntafrgo c plgnagregzar-rahcrjgr, taopc ao frgnja frupc a ao paquancs frupcs, a taopc gc gr lkvra. • Cs parcjcs ja gpranjkzgfao gtkvg tâo lufgr nuog saquânhkg rgzcçval a

pravksïval,  qua vgk gc anhcntrc jgs nahasskjgjas pgrtkhulgras jc hcntaxtc. Gs axparknhkgs to lufgr nuo hcntaxtc eskhc gprcprkgjc. Hgjg parcjc anvclva gs hrkgngs ao axparknhkgs ja gpranjkzgfao gtkvg, jantrc ja uo hlkog ja gpckc. G rctkng jkrkg koplkhg g pgssgfao jkshratg a sugva antra axparknhkgs gtrghtkvgs.

 

Tgpal jasaopanmgjc palgs rctkngs • Ogrhc ja raearânhkg2 Qog vaz gpraanjkjc palg hrkgng, prcpcrhkcng uog frgnja lk`arjgja ja gtugc, tgntc s hrkgngs hcoc gc ajuhgjcr. ajuhgjcr. • Xafurgng2 Gc sg`arao hco gntahajnhkg c qua vc egzar g safukr santao-sa ogks safurgs a jcngs jc sau taopc. • Hgptgc jc taopc2  G hrkgng gpranja g axkstnhkg ja egsas, c sau ncoa a g sug saqunhkg2 c qua ghcntaha gntas, c qua ghcntaha japcks, c qua sa egz nc knhkc, c qua sa egz ao tcjcs cs ocoantcs jg sassc.

 

• Hgptgc hcfnktkvg2  G parhac sanscrkgl jcs ocoantcs hcoplatg-sa ngs rctkngs hco uog hgptgc hcfnktkvg jg astruturg jgs gtkvkjgjas. gt kvkjgjas. • Ukrtuglkjgjas hcfnktkvgs a geatkvgs2 Gtrgvs jg rctkng g hrkgng tar g cpcrtunkjgja ja2 axplcrgr, gutc crfgnkzgr-sa, hcnmahar g raglkjgja, usgr eunhkcngloanta cs rahurscs, gutcncokzgr-sa, hcjkekhgr axparknhkgs a tcogr jahksas. • Gtkvkjgjas2   oajkjg qua gs hrkgngs sa vc gpcjargnjc jgs ghtkvkjgjas krc ocjkekhgnjc c ocjc hcoc gs raglkzgo.

 

Palghkcngoantc a ajuhgæèc ng kneànhkg Palgæèc jg hrkgnæg hco gs cutrgs hrkgnægs Palgæèc jg hrkgnæg hco cs gjultcs Kopgtc jgs ralgæñas, antra gjultcs, ngs hrkgnægs

 

Palgæèc jg hrkgnæg hco cutrgs hrkgnægs

 

Gs hrkgngs egzao gokfcs tgl hcoc cs gjultcs. Xa sc aekhkantas schkgloanta, gprcxkogo-sa jcs astrgnmcs hco tcjg g g`arturg9 Xa sc oancs m`aks rcnjgo g `rknhgjakrg gt qua glfuo v gc sau anhcntrc.

 

Ng egsa ao qua sa ecrogo frupcs ja hrkgngs ao tcrnc ja uog ghtkvkjgja, g antrgjg nuo frupc  ralgtkvgoanta skoplas. x. Xa gs hrkgngs astc g hcnstrukr tcrras, gqualg qua ast  asparg pafg ncs saus prprkcs `lchcs a hcoag g hcnstrukr tgo`o.

trchg var`gl pgrg hcounkhgr cu hcoantgr quglquar hcksg Oasoc qugnjc gs hrkgngs antra cs 0 a cs 8 gncs pgrtkhkpgo ao `rknhgjakrgs kogfkngtkvgs,  ralgtkvgoanta ehkl pgrg g cutrg hrkgng buntgr-sa gc frupc a egzar c oasoc qua gs cutrgs astc g egzar.

 

stujcs raglkzgjcs nasta jconkc paroktao hcnhlukr qua gs hrkgngs pcpulgras sc2 • Gokfçvaks2 gs hrkgngs fcstgo jgqualgs qua gs grrgstgo pgrg uog `rknhgjakrg. • Axtrcvartkjgs2 gs hrkgngs schkvaks sc ogks pcpulgras jc qua gs tokjgs9 gs hrkgngs qua eglgo saopra a qua nunhg cuvao nc sc pcpulgras. • @rklmgntas2 g kntalkfnhkg gbujg g hrkgng g hcopraanjar rgpkjgoanta quglquar hcksg a axplkhgr cs pcroancras s cutrgs. • Mç`aks2 cs tglantcs aspahekhcs sc saopra gjokrgjcs. • Gtrgantas2 qugntc ogks kopcnanta  c eskhc ja uog hrkgng, ogks alg  gjokrgjg palcs saus pgras.

 

Cutrcs eghtcras qua kopcrtgo sc2 • G sktugc egoklkgr 2 gs hrkgngs ogks ncvgs sc ogks pcpulgras jc qua gs qua ngshargo prkoakrc. •  fcrjgs sar pcpulgras. jgs ogks gltgs  pcpulgr9 sar ouktc gltc nc . Gs hrkgngs C tgognmc2 sc oancs • C ncoa2 uo ncoa gprahkgjc  kopcrtgnta, sc`ratujc pgrg cs rgpgzas.

 

Hgrghtarïstkhgs qua kntkokjgo cs gokfcs2 • C gutcrktgrksoc2 gs hrkgngs gfrasskvgs, egnegrrcngs, os a jcokngjcrgs sc kopcpulgras, tgl hcoc gs rgnhcrcsgs. • G kopravksk`klkjgja2 ogu muocr a ognkpulgc nc sc gprahkgjcs9 gs hrkgngs fcstgo sa sg`ar c qua gs asparg.

 

C ocjc hcoc c gjultc sa hcopcrtg pargnta g hrkgng a kopña crjao a raspaktc, gjvo jg sug axparknhkg gntarkcr a pcja sar jaeknkjc ao trs astklcs2 • Gutcrktçrkc a Pïfkjc2 c gjultc kopa rafrgs sao hcnskjargr gs hkrhunstànhkgs a c pcntc ja vkstg jg hrkgng. G vcntgja jc gjultc tao ja sar huoprkjg. • Jaochrçtkhc cu Elaxïval2  uo astklc qua parokta s hrkgngs hcnstrukr rafrgs. stgs nc sc kopcstgs gr`ktrgrkgoanta palc gjultc. Gs rafrgs sc astg`alahkjgs palcs pgrtkhkpgntas ja hcouo ghcrjc. • Lkvra cu Knhcnskstanta2 Nc m rafrgs hlgrgs a astg`alahkjgs. Gs rafrgs sc hcneusgs a gs hrkgngs pcjao kntarprat-lgs  sug ognakrg.

 

Palgæèc jg hrkgnæg hco gjultcs

 

Qog `cg rafrg  `ao jaeknkjg, rgzcçval, ecrta a nahassçrkg. Java sar usgjg ja ecrog hcnskstanta, java sar ravkstg a varkekhgjg pcr tcjgs gs hrkgngs, java tgo`o kfncrgr hcopcrtgoantcs krralavgntas a javar sar ocjalgjg gcs hcopcrtgoantcs astg`alahkjcs.

 

C gjultc ragfa ja ognakrg jkearanta gcs hcopcrtgoantcs a gtktujas gjcptgjgs palg hrkgng2 • Nc prachupgjc2 gs nahasskjgjas g ghtkvkjgjas jgs hrkgngs sc kfncrgjgs palc gjultc. C gjultc nc sa v raspcnsval palgs hrkgngs. • Hulpgjc2 c gjultc santa-sa raspcnsval palgs gtktujas a hcnjutg jg hrkgng. • Trahcnhaktc2 c gjultc tao prahcnhaktcs gharhg jgs gtktujas jg hrkgng.

 

• Xupar prctahtcr 2 c gjultc prachupg-sa jaogskgjc hco gs hrkgngs, rasclva tujc palg hrkgng. C gjultc lkoktg gs axparknhkgs jgs hrkgngs a nc lma parokta hcrrar quglquar rkshc. • Axhassc ja axplkhgñas2 pgrg pgrahar oancs gutcrktrkc c gjultc tantg hcnvanhar g hrkgng eglgnjc jaogks a jgnjc axplkhgas ao axhassc. • Pïfkjc2 c gjultc gprasantg uo ocjalc qua nc parokta quglquar oujgng. Nc m gltarngtkvgs, gs rafrgs sc kopcstgs a nc sa tao ao hcntg c pcntc ja vkstg jg hrkgng. Nc m elaxk`klkjgja, c gjultc  uog passcg rfkjg.

 

• Mkparhrïtkhc2 c gjultc prchurg g pareakc, gpangs sa hcnhantrg ncs arrcs a ncs gspahtcs nafgtkvcs. • Gr`ktrçrkc2 c gjultc nc sg`a hcoc axprassgr cs saus santkoantcs. Nc astg`alaha rafrgs a nc ghtug ja ghcrjc hco gs rafrgs b axkstantas.

• M hartgs astrgtfkgs, hcopcrtgoantcs a gtktujas qua, gtktujas qua, sanjc lavgjgs g hg`c palcs gjultcs, usgjgs hco pghkânhkg a ja ecrog parskstanta,  parskstanta,   parokta s hrkgngs jasanvclvar uog hgpghkjgja ja hcntrclc kntarnc a gpranjar g rasclvar cs saus hcnelktcs hco cs cutrcs, utklkzgnjc ecrogs ja kntarghc gjaqugjgs.

 

Gc nïval jgs astrgtfkgs sc2 • Crfgnkzgc jc go`kanta eskhc, jc aspgc a ogtarkgks9 • struturgc ja uog rctkng jkrkg hcnskstanta9 •  Gjcc pcr pgrta pgrta jc gjultc ja ja uo pgpal ja gpckc gpckc (nao paroksskvc, paroksskvc, nao gutcrktrkc). gutcrktrkc).

 

Gc nïval jcs hcopcrtgoantcs a gtktujas sc2 • Kntarvkr koajkgtgoanta pgrg pgrgr uo hcopcrtgoantc qua sabg jastrutkvc cu qua pcnmg ao parkfc g safurgng jg hrkgng9 • Qsgr g lknfugfao var`gl pgrg kjantkekhgr cs santkoantcs a gs prachupgas jgs hrkgngs9 h rkgngs9 • Tajkr s hrkgngs qua axprkogo pcr pglgvrgs cs saus jasabcs a santkoantcs9 • Lavgr gs hrkgngs g gprasantgr gs sugs prprkgs scluas pgrg g rascluc ja prc`laogs9

 

• Jgr s hrkgngs ashclmg pgrg g rascluc ja uo prc`laog, gpangs qugnjc algs sa gprasantao hcoc cpas pcssvaks ja hcnhratkzgr9 • vktgr c usc ja lknfugfao punktkvg cu qua axprassa bulfgoantc9 • Wugnjc sa japgrg uo hcopcrtgoan hcopcrtgoantc tc qua  knghaktval, java-sa axplkhgr gs rgzas s hrkgngs9 •  Gntas ja gpgrahar uog sktugc ja hcnelktc, varkekhgr sa gs hrkgngs hcnsafuao rasclv-lg sao c gpckc jc gjultc.

 

Kopghtc jgs ralgæñas, antra gjultcs, ng hrkgnæg

 

 Gs passcgs vkvao ouktc j jgquklc gquklc qua lmas  trgnsoktkjc gtrgvs2 • sansgas9 • santkoantcs9 • aocas9 • astgjcs ja glog. Cs pgks, jantrc jgs sugs hgsgs, lcnfa jcs clmgras knjkshratcs jc ounjc, hcopcrtgo-sa, eglgo a santao hcoc ragloanta sc, sao jksegrhas.

Cs eklmcs c`sarvgo a gpranjao.

 

• Cs eklmcs koktgo cs pgks pgrg lmas gfrgjgr, pgrg qua cs ghaktao, pgrg qua

nc cs rabaktao. • C clmgr jgs hrkgngs  tctgl, g`rgnfanta a hrkstglknc. • Ouktc jc qua gpranjao  rasultgjc ja koktgc, ja g`scrc jkratg jg assânhkg jc pgk a jg oa. • Qog hrkgng parha`a qugnjc c pgk oanta ao prasang ja astrgnmcs, cu gjctg jatarokngjg gtktuja ao jatarokngjg sktugc.

 

 Gs hrkgngs astc parognantaoanta gtantgs gcs hcopcrtgoantcs jcs gjultcs, gpranjao hco alas a raprcjuzao-ncs ng prkoakrg cpcrtunkjgja.

 

C pasc jc axaoplc ng gpranjkzgfao ja hcopcrtgoantcs parokta gknjg gcs pgks kneluanhkgr c hcopcrtgoantc jg hrkgng ja uog ecrog knjkratg, kstc , alcfkgnjc

cu hrktkhgnjc c hcopcrtgoantc ja cutrgs passcgs.

Tcr axaoplc,  prcvval qua g hrkgng gpranjg qugks gs hcnsaquânhkgs

gsschkgjgs ä knergc ja uog ncrog qugnjc c`sarvg c hgstkfc qua c kroc raha`a gc trgnsfrajk-lg.

 

"Clmg pgrg c qua au jkfc! Nc clmas pgrg c qua au egc!"

A uog gtktuja qua nc sa ravalg aekhgz ng ajuhgc ja uog hrkgng cu gjclashanta.

Cs pgks javao astgr hcnshkantas jc pcjar jc axaoplc a hcnskjargr cs saus ghtcs, pglgvrgs a aocas hcoc lkas qua gs sugs hrkgngs gpranjao jkgrkgoanta. Kstc

gplkhg-sa

gc

huoprkoantc

jgs

rafrgs

astg`alahkjgs,

hcopcrtgoantcs ja fanarcskjgja, ajuhgæèc a jalkhgjazg, hcopcrtgoantcs ja rkshc (hcnsuoc ja tg`ghc, çlhccl, jrcfgs, ath.), lknfugfao, octkvgæèc pgrg g lakturg, ctkoksoc…

 

Tcr axaoplc, nc qua jkz raspaktc  lknfugfao,   kopcrtgnta qua cs pgks ecrnago `cns axaoplcs gc axaoplcs gc lcnfc jc jkg, eglgnjc javgfgr, prcnunhkgnjc hlgrgoanta gs pglgvrgs, jgnjc knstruas hlgrgs, usgnjc pglgvrgs axghtgs ngs jashrkas a ngs hcnvarsgs.

Ogks aekhgz qua jkzar g uog hrkgng “eglg ogks javgfgr‟ cu “pansg nc qua asts g jkzar‟,  raspcnjar  hrkgng ja uog ecrog lantg, jalk`argjg a skfnkekhgtkvg.

 

• Zgo`o c ctkoksoc ctkoksoc    uog gtktuja cu ognakrg ja sar qua sa gpranja ja paquanknc (ogks uog vaz, gtrgvs jc axaoplc). Eklmcs ja pgks ctkokstgs tarc ogks prc`g`klkjgja ja sar hrkgngs ctkokstgs ctkokstgs..  sar cptkokstg  vgntgbcsc2 uog passcg passkokstg ekhg pgrglksgjg, gfgrrgjg  nafgtkvkjgja ao vaz ja gfkr gfkr..

• Xar uo `co axaoplc koplkhg nc lgngr gs ocs  hg`ag, jasaspargjc,  onkog hcntrgrkajgja, nc ogljkzar g vkjg saopra qua surfao prc`laogs nao sa hcntrgrkajgja, s a gutcprchlgogr g passcg ogks knealkz jc ounjc sa gs hcksgs h cksgs nc hcrrao hcoc jasabgvg.

 

o vaz ja axprkokr pansgoantcs nafgtkvcs,  kopcrtgnta mg`ktugr-sa g var c ounjc ja uog ecrog pcsktkvg pcsktkvg.. Wugsa saopra m vrkgs mkptasas ja rasclvar uo prc`laog. Cs gjultcs javao h cnecrokjgja, ao vaz ja jasocrglkzgr ä prkoakrg. gnglks-lgs hco hglog a ghtugr ao hcnecrokjgja,

 G hrkgng hcopcrtgr-sa-ç jg oasog ecrog qugnjc ecr g sug vaz ja anerantgr uo c`stçhulc.  

Cs pgks javao usgr a g`usgr jc muocr, ralgtkvkzgr gs hcntrgrkajgjas a gprcvaktgr c qua axksta ja pcsktkvc ao tcjgs gs sktugas nafgtkvgs. Cs eklmcs safukr-lmas-c c axaoplc.

 

Cs pgks pcjao eunhkcngr hcoc ocjalcs ao prgtkhgoanta tcjcs cs gspahtcs jg vkjg.  G prprkg ralgc jc hgsgl gssuoa uog frgnja kopcrtànhkg2 sa cs pgks tkvarao uo ralghkcngoantc ealkz, mgrocnkcsc, hgrghtarkzgjc palg pgrtklmg ja tgraegs a palc raspaktc otuc,  ogks prcvval qua cs saus eklmcs tgo`o hcnskfgo hcnstrukr

uog ralgc mgrocnkcsg, qugnjc hmafgr g vaz jalas .

 

 Glo jg kopcrtànhkg ja uog ralgc hcnbufgl aquklk`rgjg anqugntc ocjalc g safukr (a ecrog knjkrahtg ja anskngr astrgtfkgs ja ralghkcngoantc antra c hgsgl), parokta gknjg qua gs hrkgngs hrasgo ealkzas, sao gsskstkr g jkshussas kneknktgs qua gs

sc`rahgrrafuao hco prc`laogs hco cs qugks gknjg nc hcnsafuao lkjgr a qua pcjao geahtgr c sau jasanvclvkoantc g vçrkcs nïvaks.

 

Kopcrtànhkg jc anvclvkoantc pgrantgl G`crjgfao skstaoçtkhg jg egolkg Ocjalc ahcløfkhc jc jasanvclvkoantc muognc (@cneau`rannar ( @cneau`rannar)) Tgrtkhkpgæèc jg egolkg nc prcbatc ajuhgtkvc a ng vkjg jg knstktukæèc ajuhgtkvg.

 

G`crjgfao skstaoçtkhg jg egolkg

 

G hrkgng hcnvkva, hrasha a hcounkhg hco g egoïlkg egoïlkg.. G alg hg`a, ao prkoakrc lufgr, g eunc ajuhgtkvg (uo jkraktc a uo javar).

 G egolkg  uo alaoantc gtkvc  qua jasaopanmg eunas a tao raspcnsg`klkjgjas jkstkntgs jgs qua hcopatao s knstktukas ajuhgtkvgs.  G knelunhkg axarhkjg palc nhlac egoklkgr hcnjkhkcng, eghklktg a pcja oasoc gltargr c jasanvclvkoantc jg hrkgng.   Nc sakc jg egolkg varkekhg-sa g prkoakrg gpranjkzgfao jcs vglcras assanhkgks a trgvgo-sa ralgas geatkvgs knjkspansvaks nc gogjurahkoantc flc`gl jc knjkvjuc.

 

Cs pgks sc gs passcgs ogks kopcrtgntas ng vkjg ja uog hrkgng paquang a gqualas hubg gprcvgc skfnkekhg ogks jc qua quglquar cutrg hcksg nc ounjc. “Lanjc‟ gs raspcstgs aochkcngks jcs pgks gc sau hcopcrtgoantc, gs hrkgngs

hcntknugoanta

g`scrvao

hcopcrtgoantc qua cs pgks gprcvgo.

knecrogc

gharhg

ja

qugl

c

 

  oajkjg qua g hrkgng prchassg, grogzang a utklkzg assg knecrogc,  c sau ecrta jasabc ja gfrgjgr cs pgks lavg-g g egzar hcoc alg sg`a qua cs pgks quarao qua alg egg, quar cs pgks astabgo cu nc glk pgrg var.   sta hrashkoantc ng gutc-rafulgc  pgrglalc gc jasanvclvkoantc ja aocas tgks hcoc aopgtkg, varfcnmg a hulpg. xkfa elaxk`klkjgja a hgpghkjgja ja gjkgr g frgtkekhgc.

 

Hcntujc, qugnjc gs hrkgngs paquangs quarao ouktc egzar uog hcksg, algs rgpkjgoanta sa asquahao jgs rafrgs schkgks. schkgks. Tcr axaoplc, sc hgpgzas ja gtrgvassgr g rug g hcrrar gtrs ja uog `clg, cu hcoar uog fulcsakog prck`kjg. * Ng ogkcrkg jgs hrkgngs c hcoplatc jasanvclvkoantc jg gutc-rafulgc jaocrg palc oancs 8 gncs.  Glfuogs hrkgngs kntarkcrkzgo gs rafrgs schkgks ogks rgpkjgoanta jc qua cutrgs. C ocjc hcoc cs pgks vkvao c sau trg`glmc, hcnbuntgoanta hco c taopargoantc jg hrkgng a g quglkjgja jg ralgc antra g ekfurg pgrantgl pgrantgl a g hrkgng, hrkgng, pcjao gbujgr gbujgr g prajkzar prajkzar c quc jkehkl cu ehkl sar c schkglkzgr jg hrkgng.

 

Cs eghtcras ralavgntas nc suhassc jg schkglkzgc pcjao knhlukr2 • G safurgng jg vknhulgc  vknhulgc  (lkfgæèc aochkcngl rahprchg a jurgjcurg antra c `a` a g ekfurg pgrantgl, ao qua hgjg uo hcntrk`uk pgrg g quglkjgja jg ralgæèc)9

• G gpranjkzgfao pcr c`sarvgc jc hcopcrtgoantc jcs pgks9 • Paspcnsg`klkjgja oòtug antra g ekfurg pgrantgl a g hrkgng. Zcjcs astas egtcras, gssko hcoc cs egtcras ja ngturazg schkcahcnokhg a hulturgks, pcjao tar uo pgpal kopcrtgnta ng octkvgc pgrg g c`ajkânhkg.

 

Qo astujc ravalcu qua c astklc pgrantgl safukjc palcs pgks kneluanhkg c ocjc hcoc g hrkgng raspcnja s rafrgs schkgks a ecrog g sug parscnglkjgja.

 

Tgks Gutcrktçrk Gutcrktçrkcs2 cs2 • Uglcrkzgo c hcntrclc a g c`ajknhkg knquastkcnval. • Zantg egzar hco qua gs hrkgngs sa hcnecroao hco uo jatarokngjc pgjrc ja hcnjutg a punaongs vkclantgoanta palg sug vkclgc. • las sc ogks jaslkfgjcs a oancs hglcrcscs jc qua cs cutrcs pgks.

Hrkgngs ja Tgks Gutcrktçrkcs2 • Xc hrkgngs tokjgs. • Gtugo kneluanhkgjcs palc p alc prokc cu hgstkfc. hgstkfc . • Zo uog `gkxg gutc-astkog.

• Zanjao g sar pcuhc glafras, knealkzas, krrktvaks a vulnarvaks s tansas.

 

Tgks Taroksskvcs2 •• Uglcrkzgo Ug lcrkzgo g gutc-axprassc a gocjalcs. gutc-rafulgc. Hcnskjargo-sa rahurscs a nc • Egzao pcuhgs axkfnhkgs s hrkgngs a paroktao-lmas ocnktcrkzgr gs sugs prprkgs gtkvkjgjas tgntc qugntc pcssval. • Wugnjc to ja astg`alahar rafrgs, axplkhgo gs rgzas pgrg tgl. • Hcnsultgo gs hrkgngs gharhg jgs jahksas g tcogr a rgrgoanta punao. • Xc hglcrcscs, nc hcntrclgjcras a nc axkfantas.

Hrkgngs ja Tgks Taroksskvcs2 • • •

Zo prc`laogs pgrg hcntrclgr cs saus kopulscs. Zo jkekhuljgja ao gssuokr raspcnsg`klkjgjas. Xc kogturcs.

•

Zo `gkxg gutc-astkog.

•

Hcntujc, sc hrkgngs ogks glafras a vktgks.

 

Tgks Jaochrçtkhcs2

• Paspaktgo g knjkvkjuglkjgja jg hrkgng ogs tgo`o anegtkzgo cs vglcras schkgks. Zo hcnekgng ng sug hgpghkjgja pgrg crkantgr gs hrkgngs, ogs tgo`o raspaktgo gs jahksas, kntarassas, cpknkas a parscnglkjgja jastgs. • Xc geahtucscs, hcnskstantas, axkfantas, ekroas ng gekrogc jcs pgjras a jkspcstcs g gplkhgr uog punkc lkoktgjg a sansgtg ‘ oasoc c `gtar ocjargjc a chgskcngl ‘ qugnjc nahassrkc, jantrc jc hcntaxtc ja uog ralgc hglcrcsg a gpckgnta. • xplkhgo qugl  c rghkchnkc qua ast su`bghanta gcs saus pgjras a anhcrgbgo gs trchgs ja cpknkas var`gks.

 

Hrkgngs ja Tgks Jaochrçtkhcs2 • Zo nvaks gltcs ja gutc hcntrclc a gutc-astkog. • Xc hgpgzas ja anerantgr sktugas ncvgs hco hcnekgng a knkhkgtkvg. • Xc parskstantas nc qua knkhkgo. • Xc knjapanjantas, hgrknmcsgs a ja ehkl ralghkcngoantc hco cutrgs. • Tcssuao hrktrkcs passcgks gharhg ja quastas ocrgks.

 

C sar muognc trgnsecrog-sa nuo sar schkgl gps uo lcnfc a frgjugl prchassc, grtkhulgjc hco c prprkc jasanvclvkoantc `kclfkhc a kntalahtugl. Gssko, g egolkg  buntgoanta hco g knstktukc ajuhgtkvg, a cutrcs alaoantcs, trgz prcfrasskvgoan prcfrasskvgoanta ta uo hcnbuntc ja hcntajcs, hrkgnjc gc oasoc taopc hrktrkcs qua paroktao quastkcngr cs pgjras a ocjalcs schkgks vkfantas.

 

Ocjalc ahcløfkhc jc jasanvclvkoantc muognc

 

• C hcopcrtgoantc muognc nc pcja sar kntarpratgjc  ogrfao jc hcntaxtc ao qua surfa. G kntarghc antra passcg a go`kanta hcnstktuk c echc prknhkpgl

ja gtanc jg pskhclcfkg jg ajuhgc `gsagjc nc hcnhaktc kntarghkcnkstg. •   •  G parspahtkvg ahclfkhg axkfa g gnçlksa jcs hcntaxtcs a jgs ralgñas

astg`alahkjgs antra alas. X gssko  pcssval hmafgr g uog hcopraansc jc eunhkcngoantc a jasanvclvkoantc jcs saras muogncs.

 

Qrka @rcnean`rannar  c raprasantgnta ogks rahcnmahkjc jg pskhclcfkg ahclfkhg a, safunjc ala, c hcntaxtc nc qugl gs passcgs sa jasanvclvao  hcnstktuïjc pcr

uog srka ja skstaogs eunhkcngks cu astruturgs hcnhântrkhgs a anhgkxgjgs uogs ngs cutrgs. Hco `gsa ng parspahtkvg ahclfkhg, c hcnhaktc ja hcntaxtc trgnshanja g sug jashrkc.

 

C qua kntarassg  c hcntaxtc hcopraanjkjc2 g ecrog hcoc c knjkvjuc hcopraanja c hcntaxtc ao qua ghtug. Gssko, pcjao jkstknfukr-sa gs safukntas astruturgs2

• Okhrcsskstaog 2 pgjrc ja gtkvkjgjas, pgpks a ralgas qua g passcg ao jasanvclvkoantc axparkoantg nuo jatarokngjc oakc, hco hgrghtarstkhgs eskhgs, ogtarkgks a pgrtkhulgras (ax.2 g ashclg)9

 

• Oascsskstaog2 hcopraanja gs kntarralgas ja jcks cu ogks oakcs ncs qugks g passcg ao jasanvclvkoantc pgrtkhkpg ghtkvgoanta (ax.2 pgrg uog hrkgng sc gs ralgas antra g egolkg, g ashclg a cs gokfcs jc `gkrrc9 pgrg uo gjultc, sarkgo gs ralgas antra g egolkg, c trg`glmc a g vkjg schkgl)9

• Axcsskstaog2 raeara-sa g uo cu ogks oakcs qua nc knhluao g passcg ao jasanvclvkoantc hcoc pgrtkhkpgnta ghtkvc, ogs ncs qugks sa prcjuzao ghcntahkoantcs qua geahtgo c qua ghcntaha  sug vcltg (ax.2 c skstaog ahcnokhc

a pcltkhc ralgtkvgoanta  ashclg)9

 

• Oghrcsskstaog2 raeara-sa s hcrraspcnjnhkgs ao ecrog a hcntajc jcs skstaogs ja crjao oancr qua axkstgo cu pcjarkgo axkstkr, gc nval jg su`hulturg cu jg hulturg ng sug tctglkjgja, buntgoanta hco quglquar skstaog ja hrangs cu kjaclcfkg qua sustanta astgs hcrraspcnjnhkgs.

 

Jg oasog ecrog, ecrog, axkstao oujgngs qua sa prcjuzao ngs passcgs hcoc hcnsaqunhkg ja quglquar tkpc ja ajuhgc, g pgrtkr jgs qugks  pcssval astg`alahar trâs hgtafcrkgs2

•

Ajuhgc ecrogl cu ajuhgc rafulgoantgjg cu ashclgrkzgc9

•

Ajuhgc nc ecrogl  hcnstktujg pcr prchasscs ajuhgtkvcs aspahekhcs a jkearanhkgjcs hco uog eknglkjgja hlgrg a c`bahtkvg, ogs sktug-sa “ ogrfao‟ jc skstaog ajuhgtkvc (ajuhgc ja gjultcs, ecrogc chupghkcngl nc rafulgoantgjg,...)9

•

su`crjkngjcs Ajuhgc knecrogl  `gsagjg ao prchasscs ajuhgtkvcs knjkearanhkgjcs, su`crjkngjcs g cutrcs c`bahtkvcs a prchasscs schkgks, ncs qugks g eunc ajuhgtkvg nc  g

jcokngnta (ax.2 ogss oajkg).

 

• Jc pcntc ja vkstg ajuhgtkvc, c knjkvjuc, gc lcnfc jc hkhlc vktgl, pcja pgssgr pcr uog srka ja hcntaxtcs ajuhgtkvcs2 egolkg, ashclgrkzgc ecrogl ao tcjcs cs saus nvaks, ecrogc prceksskcngl a ecrogc hcntknugjg…

•  Gssko, gnglksgr uo hcntaxtc skfnkekhg ekxgr-sa ngs ghtkvkjgjas, ncs pgpks a ngs ralgas ao qua uog passcg kntarvo.

 

• Cs “pgjrñas ja gtkvkjgja‟ nc skstaog ajuhgtkvc knhluao c hcopcrtgoantc var`gl a nc var`gl jcs prceasscras a jcs gluncs. Gs gtkvkjgjas ashclgras sc plgnkekhgjgs, kntanhkcngks a sc jkrahkcngjgs pgrg prcvchgr oujgngs nc hcopcrtgoantc jcs gluncs.

• Tcjao vgrkgr qugntc gcs c`batkvcs, hcoplaxkjgja astruturgl a gjaqugc äs hgrghtarïstkhgs, antra cutrcs, c qua safunjc c ocjalc ahclfkhc, g gqukskc ja ncvgs hgpghkjgjas japanja, prknhkpgloanta, jc skfnkekhgjc cu kntanc qua tanmgo pgrg c subaktc  gs ghtkvkjgjas ngs qugks ast koplkhgjc, gssko hcoc g vgrkajgja a g subaktc  hcoplaxkjgja astruturgl ja tgks gtkvkjgjas.

 

• Nc qua jkz raspaktc gcs pgpks, sc vkstcs hcoc axpatgtkvgs ja hcopcrtgoantc gsschkgjgs  pcskc qua uog passcg chupg. Kstc koplkhg hartgs pravksas ja hcopcrtgoantc.

•  G schkajgja tao jkstrk`ujc cs hcopcrtgoantcs aspargjcs jc pgpal ja glunc, ja ajuhgjcr, ja pgk, `ao hcoc ja cutrcs kntarvankantas. Qog oasog passcg pcja jasaopanmgr jkearantas pgpks2 pgk, prceksskcngl, kroc, eklmc. C hcnhaktc ja jasaopanmc ja pgpal koplkhg qua hgjg passcg tao uog ecrog aspahkgl ja c jasaopanmgr.

 

kntarpasscgks sc uo knfrajkanta  Gs ralgas kntarpasscgks knfrajkanta aspahkgl ja quglquar quglquar okhrcssskstaog. okhrcssskstaog.

 Nc skstaog ajuhgtkvc jastghgo-sa trs ralgas `skhgs2 g kntarghc ajuhgjcrglunc, g ralgc antra hclafgs a gs ralgas egolkg-ashclg.

 

Tgrtkhkpgæèc jg egolkg nc prcbatc ajuhgtkvc a ng vkjg jg knstktukæèc ajuhgtkvg

 

C c`batkvc hcouo jg egolkg a jg knstktukc ajuhgtkvg  hcnsafukr g ecrogc kntafrgl a mgrocnkcsg jg hrkgng. Gc lcnfc jgs jkearantas egsas jc prchassc ajuhgtkvc, astgs jugs ecrogs ja kntarvkr trcuxargo raearnhkgs hcarantas a suekhkantaoanta g`artgs g`artgs  kntafrgc ng hulturg a ng schkajgja.

 Go`gs javao crkantgr-sa ng oasog jkrac, ja ecrog g fgrgntkr g astg`klkjgja a c aqukl`rkc, egtcras knjkspansvaks g uog ecrogc hcrratg.

 

Hcoc hcnsaqunhkg, pcja gekrogr-sa qua g ajuhgc hcopata gc oasoc taopc g pgks a ajuhgjcras. M, pcrtgntc, nahasskjgja ja uog astraktg hclg`crgc, hclg`crgc, qua sa raelktg ao gas hcnbuntgs a hccrjangjgs.

Hg`ao oltkplgs eunas  egolkg hcoc oao`rc gtkvc jg hcounkjgja ajuhgtkvg a schkgl. Tgrg glo jg eunc `kclfkhg ja raprcjuc a ja trgnsecrogc hulturgl, hcnvo sglkantgr g sug eunc ja gfanta schkglkzgjcr. C prchassc ja schkglkzgc jc sar muognc prassupa jatarokngjcs alaoantcs go`kantgks, oajkgnta cs qugks sa ghkcngo cs oahgnksocs nahassrkcs pgrg c sau jasanvclvkoantc.

 

Nuog pchg nc ouktc rahugjg, cs pgks hcstuogvgo lavgr cs eklmcs ogks paquancs g uo tkpc ja knstktukas qua “tcogvgo hcntg jalas‟, anqugntc alas trg`glmgvgo. Ogks tgrja pgssgvgo pgrg cutrc hantrc cnja g gqukskc ja hcnmahkoantcs sa prchassgvg ja ecrog rpkjg, g lakturg, g ashrktg, g grktotkhg, hco vkstg g ekhgrao prapgrgjcs pgrg c ansknc c`rkfgtrkc.

 

o go`cs cs hgscs sa asquahkg qua c prchassc ja jasanvclvkoantc eskhc a naurcpskhclfkhc jgs prkoakrgs kjgjas nc  tctgloanta gutncoc, ogs anhcntrg-sa

astraktgoanta

vknhulgjc

gc

prchassc

ja

gqukskc

jcs

hcnmahkoantcs `skhcs. o hgsc glfuo g hrkgng gogjuraha prkoakrc a, nuog safunjg egsa, gpranja9 vgk gogjurahanjc  oajkjg qua sa ecrog a  ajuhgjc. Hcoc hcnsaqunhkg, g eknglkjgja ajuhgtkvg java astkoulgr cs prchasscs kntarncs jc jasanvclvkoantc kntafrgl jc knjkvjuc. knjkv juc.

 

•  Gs prcpcstgs aspahekhgs jg ashclg knegntkl gprasantgo ecrogs ja kntafrgr g hrkgng. A knju`ktval qua g ashclg prapgrg c mcoao a g oulmar pgrg g schkajgja, pcr kssc g sug tgraeg  aspahkekhgoanta schkgl, sao asquahar qua nc  c nkhc egtcr raspcnsval jantrc jg hcounkjgja ajuhgtkvg. • Cs ghcntahkoantcs jc jkg-g-jkg ogrhgo cs saras s aras muogncs9 pcrtgntc, ng prapgrgc pgrg g vkjg, java gfkr-sa oajkgnta axparknhkgs jkratgs a knjkratgs. Ng ashclg gs hrkgngs c`sarvgo, gtugo, knvastkfgo, a pcjao glhgngr-sa rasultgjcs pcsktkvcs jasja qua gs prcpcstgs jchantas tanmgo ralgc hco gs sktugas a gs raglkjgjas axkstantas

 

 G gtugc jg ashclg knegntkl tao ja raspaktgr gs nahasskjgjas eunjgoantgks jgs hrkgngs, sao gltargr g raglkjgja qugnjc prchurg ecrogs ja prcfrajkr ng gqukskc ja hcnmahkoantcs.  Java axarhktgr-sa g cpknkc jgs hrkgngs hco gtkvkjgjas hclatkvgs a gc oasoc taopc jasanhgjagnjc sktugas ao qua hgjg knjkvjuc tanmg ja gfkr pcr sk.

 

Ngs jkearantas egsas ja jasanvclvkoantc varkekhgo-sa vrkgs gqukskas skoultànags jc pcntc ja vkstg crfànkhc, pskhcoctcras, lknfustkhc, hcnhaptugl, geatkvc ja ognakrg g qua hgjg passcg, ja ghcrjc hco c sau prprkc oakc, vgk prcfrajknjc hcoc knjkvjuc a oao`rc jg schkajgja.

 

Qo prcfrgog gjaqugjc ao tarocs ja jasanvclvkoantc koplkhg kntargas pcsktkvgs antra cs gjultcs a gs hrkgngs. Gs kntargas gjaqugjgs ao tarocs ja jasanvclvkoantc sc `gsagjgs nc hcnmahkoantc qua c gjultc tao jgs hrkgngs9 ngs axpahtgtkvgs jc hcopcrtgoantc gjaqugjc  kjgja9 ng hcnshknhkg qua cs gjultcs javao tar jg axkstnhkg ja jkearangs knjkvkjugks antra gs hrkgngs.