UCSP Week 3

 

88 Ubiersthbiabo Du`ture, Tmdaety, hbi Sm`atads Xuhrter 8 —  Lmiu`e  Lmiu`e 46 Du`ture hbi Tmdaety6 Etgbmdebtrasl & Du`turh` [e`htavasl

Ihba`m @. Khrhquae`, LHEI Ieve`mper

 

 

Dmbtebt Tthbihris6  Yge `ehrbers `ehrbers ielmbstrhte ielmbstrhte hb ubiersthbiabo ubiersthbiabo mn6 8.  Du`ture hbi smdaety hs hbtgrmpm`moadh` hbi smdam`moadh` dmbdepts:

;.  Serspedtaves ab/hpprmhdges tm tge stuiy mn du`ture hbi smdaety (a.e., dmlphrhtave, gastmradh`, strudturh` nubdtambh`, abterprethtave, dratadh`) Sernmrlhbde Tthbihris6 T thbihris6 Yge `ehrbers 8.  Hppredahte tge bhture mn du`ture hbi smdaety nrml tge perspedtaves mn hbtgrmpm`moy hbtgrmpm`mo y hbi smdam`moy:

;.  Ielmbstrhtes h gm`astad ubiersthbiabo mn du`ture hbi smdaety: 4.  ^h`ues du`turh` gerathoe hbi express praie mn p`hde watgmut keabo etgbmdebtrad. @ehrbabo Dmlpetebdaes6 Dmlpetebdaes6 Exp`hab tge alpmrthbde ubiersthbiabo.

mn

du`turh`

re`htavasl

ab

htthababo

du`turh`

@ehrbabo Mkfedtaves6 Ht tge ebi mn tgas lmiu`e tge stuiebts wa`` ke hk`e tm6

8.  Iesdrake du`ture hbi smdaety hs h dmlp`ex wgm`e: ;.  Aiebtany tge dghrhdterastads, types, e`elebts, nubdtambs, hbi hspedts mn du`ture: 4.  Kedmle hwhre mn wgy hbi gmw du`turh` re`htavasl lataohtes etgbmdebtrasl: Ym tge @ehrbers  Ygas lmiu`e wa`` equap ymu h bedesshry bedesshry dmbtebt jbmw`eioe, sja``s, hbi dmlpetebdaes dmlpetebdae s hkmut tge smdaety hbi du`ture. Hs sudg, tgey hre trehtei abatah``y lhrjers mn tge iasdap`abh` terratmraes terratmraes mn smdam`moy smdam`moy hbi hbtgrmpm`moy hbtgrmpm`moy respedtave`y. respedtave`y. Qmu rehi hbi ubiersthbi dhrenu``y ehdg phrt mn tge lmiu`e sm tght ymu dhb ke hk`e tm hbswers vhramus hdtavataes. At as gmpei tm prmvaie ymu hb hppredahtamb hbi ubiersthbiabo hkmut tge `essmb.

EWSEDYHYAMB

 Ym ubiersthbi lhb‑s smdah` experaebde, experaebde, at as bedesshry tm lhje h waier hbh`ysas mn lhb‑s re`htambsgap tm gas bhturh` ebvarmblebt. Du`ture lhjes pmssak`e nmr lhb tm hihpt hbi abteorhte galse`n tm gas ebvarmblebt ky keabo drehtave hbi resmurdenu` ab dmlabo up watg whys hbi lehbs mn survavh`. Ab tgas lmiu`e, du`ture esthk`asges phtterbs mn hddepthk`e smdah` keghvamr sudg hs etaquette, prmtmdm`s, ommi lhbbers hbi raogt dmbiudt, rm`es hbi iutaes, hs esthk`asgei ky smdah` bmrls.

 

 

Qmu rehi hbi ubiersthbi dhrenu``y ehdg phrt mn tge lmiu`e sm tght ymu dhb ke hk`e tm hbswer vhramus hdtavataes tght wa`` ge`p ymu ieve`mp ymur pmtebtah`s ab ubiersthbiabo ubiersthbiab o tge `essmb. Ab tgas lmiu`e ymu wa`` ke hk`e tm ebdmubter terlabm`moaes sudg hs smdah`, du`turh`, hbtgrmpm`moy, hbtgrmpm`moy, smdam`moy, pm`atadh` sdaebde, sdaebde, etd. Qmu hre expedtei tm aiebtany a iebtany tge sukfedts mn abquary hbi omh`s mn hbtgrmpm`moy, pm`atadh` sdaebde, hbi smdam`moy. Qmu wa`` ke hk`e tm hihpt hb mpeb dratadh` httatuie tgrmuog mkservhtamb hbi ren`edtamb.  Ygere hre vhramus hdtavataes prephrei ky tge wrater/s tght wa`` ge`p ymu ubiersthbi tge bhture, omh`s, hbi perspedtaves ab/mn hbtgrmpm`moy, smdam`moy, hbi pm`atadh` sdaebde. At as gmpei tght ymu wa`` `ehrb tm vh`ue tge jbmw`eioe hbi wasiml mn tgas lmiu`e.

S[E-YETY

nm``mwabo.  Iaredtambs6 Aiebtanadhtamb. Aiebtany tge nm``mwabo.  Iaredtambs6 

  ^h`ues



       

  

         





Du`ture Du`turh` [e`htavasl Etgbmdebtrasl Lmres

   

Du`turh` vhrahtamb Tmdaety  Yedgbm`moy  Yedgbm`moy Lhterah` du`ture ^h`ues

 ]]]]]]]]]8. At reners tm h ormup mn pemp`e sghrabo h dmllmb du`ture watgab h ienabei terratmrah` kmubihry.  ]]]]]]]]];. H dmlpmsate lu`tanhramus hrehs tght dmlprase ke`aens prhdtades, vh`ues, httatuies, `hws, bmrls, hrtanhdts, sylkm`s, jbmw`eioe, hbi everytgabo tght h persmb `ehrbs hbi sghres hs h lelker mn smdaety.  ]]]]]]]]]4. At dmbsasts dmbsasts mn thboak`e tgabos tgabos usei ky lhb ab gas gas everyihy everyihy `ane.  ]]]]]]]]]9. Yge phtterbs mn repetatave keghvamr wgadg kedmles ghkatuh` hbi dmbvebtambh`` phrt mn dmbvebtambh `avabo.  ]]]]]]]]]5. Yge set mn etgadh` sthbihris hbi lmrh` mk`aohtambs hs iadthtes mn rehsmb tght iastabouasges iastabouasg es gulhb hdts hs raogt mr wrmbo mr ommi nrml khi.  ]]]]]]]]]>. At reners tm hbytgabo ge`i tm ke re`htave`y wmrtgy, alpmrthbt, iesarhk`e, mr vh`uhk`e.  ]]]]]]]]]?. At reners tm tge prhdtadh` hpp`adhtamb mn jbmw`eioe ab dmbvertabo rhw lhterah`s abtm nabasgei prmiudts.  ]]]]]]]]]7. At reners reners tm tge iannerebdes iannerebdes ab smdah` smdah` keghvamrs tght iannerebt iannerebt du`tures du`tures exgakat hrmubi tge wmr`i.

 

 

 ]]]]]]]]]1. At as h perdeptamb tght hrases nrml tge nhdt tght du`tures ianner hbi ehdg du`ture ienabes reh`aty iannerebt`y. iannerebt`y.  ]]]]]]]]]83. Yge Yge httelpts tm ffuioe uioe keghvamr keghvamr hddmriabo tm ats du`turh` du`turh` dmbtext. @MMJABO KHDJ saobanadhbde mn stuiyabo smdaety. Exp`hab ehdg. Iaredtambs6 Yge nm``mwabo hre tge saobanadhbde Iaredtambs6 Yge

[epresebthtamb mn mur aiebtaty

Taobanadhbde mn Ttuiyabo Tmdaety

Hvebue nmr edmbmlad abteriepebiebde

Dghrhdteraze tge tmth`aty mn h terratmry

Tylkm` mn pm`atadh` abiepebiebde

ABY[MIUDYAMB MN YGE @ETTMB Yge Dmlp`exaty mn Du`ture Du`ture as h pemp`e‑s why mn `ane. At prenaoures kmtg tge prmdesses hbi strudtures tght hddmubt bmt mb`y nmr tge ieve`mplebt mn sudg h why mn `ane, kut h`sm nmr tge abgerebt systels tght `ebi at ats se`n-perpetuhtabo bhture. Yge ‐dmlp`ex wgm`e“ suooests tght du`ture dhbbmt ke salp`y krmjeb imwb abtm h set mn httrakutes. At lehbs tght hb ubiersthbiabo mn h phrt dhb mb`y ke hdgaevei (mr as mb`y pmssak`e) ab re`htamb tm tge mtger phrts mn tge systel. Yge Hbhtmly mn Du`ture hbi Tmdaety Hbtgrmpm`moy Tmdam`moy Yge _ght

Yge Gmw

Yge _gy

[eners tm tge dmbtebts mn tge du`ture

[eners tm tge prmdesses tght ouhrhbtee tge trhbslassamb mn tge dmbtebts

[eners tm tge rehsmbs nmr dmlp`ahbde hbi tge ledghbasls tght nhda`athte pernmrlhbde

Hdtambs

@ehrbei

Ygrmuog smdah`azhtamb/ebdu`turhtamb smdah`azhtamb/ebdu`turhtamb Abiavaiuh`s hre expmsei tm hbi experaebde `essmbs ab everyihy abterhdtambs.

Tghrei @hbouhoe

Ygrmuog dmbnmrlaty Hdtambs mn abiavaiuh`s hre rmutabazei hbi

 

 

abstatutambh`azei ab dmbtexts `aje nhla`y, abstatutambh`azei dgurdg, sdgmm`s, hbi omverblebt. Httatuie

Ygrmuog smdah` dmbtrm` Dmbnmrlaty, mr ats hksebde tgeremn, as letei mut tgrmuog tge systel mn oavabo rewhris hbi alpmsabo mn pubasglebts. pubasglebts. Dmllubadhtei

‐Du`ture as tge prmdess ky wgadg h persmb kedmles h`` tght tgey were drehtei dhphk`e mn keabo“.

-  Ygmlhs Dhr`y`e Dhr`y`e

 Ygere hre iannerebt whys mn ienababo du`ture hbi smdaety. Ehdg ienabatamb as h`whys hssmdahtei watg lhb‑s re`htambsgap tm gas ebvarmblebt. Gebde, lhb‑s smdah` abterhdtamb serves hs hb hvebue nmr drehtabo phtterbs mn keghvamr tght wa`` ouaie tge lelkers mn smdaety tm `ave ab hb mrohbazei hbi mrier`y lhbber.

_ght as at

_ght as Du`ture= @hbouhoe Lhbbers

D`mtges & Ire ress ssaab

_mrjabo Tdgeiu`es

Leiadh` Dure

[e`aoamb

@hbouh

Nmmi

 Fmjes

DU@YU[E Nm`j Hrt

De`ekrhtambs

Du`ture as h dmlpmsate mr lu`tanhramus hrehs tght dmlprase ke`aens, prhdtades, vh`ues, httatuies, `hws, bmrls, hrtanhdts, sylkm`s, jbmw`eioe, hbi everytgabo tght h persmb `ehrbs hbi sghres hs lelker mn smdaety. Dghrhdterastads Dghrhdteras tads mn Du`ture H du`ture as gastmradh``y ieravei systel mn exp`adat hbi alp`adat iesaobs nmr `avabo, wgadg tebis tm ke sghrei ky h`` mr spedah``y iesaobei lelkers mn h ormup. Exp`adat  reners tm sala`hrataes ab wmris hbi hdtambs wgadg dhb ke iaredt`y mkservei. Nmr du`ture reners du`ture exhlp`e, tge him`esdebt du`turh` keghvamr dhb ke oeberh`azei ky `mmjabo ht tge why teebs iress, tgear lhbberasls, hbi dmbvershtamb. Alp`adat du`ture, du`ture, mb tge mtger ghbi, exasts ab hkstrhdt nmrls wgadg hre bmt quate mkvamus.

 

 

Du`ture as h dmlpmsate mr iaverse hrehs tght dmlprase ke`aens, prhdtades, vh`ues, httatuies, `hws, bmrls, hrtanhdts, sylkm`s, jbmw`eioe, hbi everytgabo tght h persmb `ehrbs hbi sghres hs h lelker mn smdaety. Ygerenmre, du`ture as6

8.  H prmiudt mn gulhb abterhdtamb ;.  H smdah` gerathoe tght as dmlp`ex hbi smdah``y trhbslattei 4.  Srmvaies smdah``y hddepthk`e phtterbs nmr leetabo kam`moadh` hbi smdah` beeis 9.  H iastabouasgabo nhdtmr 5.  Hb esthk`asgei phtterb mn keghvamr >.  Dulu`htave ?.  Lehbabonu` tm gulhb keabos Yypes mn Du`ture Bmb-lhterah` Du`ture

Lhterah` Du`ture

Aiehs

 Yedgbm`moadh`` tmm`s  Yedgbm`moadh

Keghvamr, oestures &

Nmmi

ghkat

[e`aoamb

Nhsgamb & Hddessmraes

@hbouhoe & Tylkm`s

Hrdgatedturh` Ttrudtures

E`elebts mn Du`ture Jbmw`eioe Ke`aens Tmdah` Bmrls

At reners tm hby abnmrlhtamb redeavei hbi perdeavei tm ke true.  Yge perdeptamb mn hddeptei reh`aty. [eh`aty reners tm tge exastebde mn tgabos wgetger lhterah` mr bmb-lhterah`.  Ygese hre esthk`asgei e sthk`asgei expedthtambs mn smdaety hs tm gmw h persmb as suppmsei tm hdt iepebiabo mb tge requarelebts mn tge tale, p`hde, mr satuhtamb.

Tmdah` bmrls hre very alpmrthbt ab ubiersthbiabo tge bhture mn mn lhb‑s smdah` re`htambsgap. Ab tge smdah` abterhdtamb prmdess, ehdg lelker pmssesses derthab expedthtambs hkmut tge respmbses hbi rehdtambs mn hbmtger lelker. Gebde, at as very essebtah` tm ieterlabe tge iannerebt nmrls mn smdah` bmrls.

Nm`jwhys  —   Yge phtterbs mn repetatave keghvamr wgadg kedmles 8)  Nm`jwhys  ghkatuh` hbi dmbvebtambh` phrt mn `avabo. ;)  Lmres Lmres   —   Yge set mn etgadh` sthbihris hbi lmrh` mk`aohtambs hs iadthtes mn rehsmb tght iastabouasges gulhb hdts hs raogt mr wrmbo mr ommi nrml khi. 4)  ^h`ues  —   Hbytgabo ge`i tm ke re`htave`y wmrtgy, alpmrthbt, iesarhk`e, mr vh`uhk`e.

 

 

Yedgbm`moy  —  —  Yge 9)  Yedgbm`moy    Yge prhdtadh` hpp`adhtamb mn jbmw`eioe ab dmbvertabo rhw lhterah`s abtm nabasgei prmiudts. Hspedts mn Du`ture  Yge stuiy mn smdaety as abdmlp`ete watgmut prmper ubiersthbiabo mn tge du`ture mn tght smdaety kedhuse du`ture hbi smdaety om tmoetger. Du`ture as ubaque pmssessamb mn lhb. Lhb as kmrb hbi krmuogt up ab h du`turh` ebvarmblebt. Du`ture as tge ubaque quh`aty mn lhb wgadg sephrhtes gal nrml tge `mwer hbalh`s. Du`ture abd`uies h`` tght lhb hdquares ab gas smdah` `ane. Ygere hre alpmrthbt hspedts mn du`ture tght dmbtrakute tm tge ieve`mplebt mn lhb‑s smdah` abterhdtamb.

             

  

  



Iybhlad, n`exak`e, hbi hihptave Tghrei hbi dmbtestei @ehrbei tgrmuog smdah`azhtamb mr ebdu`turhtamb Shtterbei smdah` abterhdtambs Abteorhtei hbi ht tales ubsthk`e  Yrhbslattei  Yrhbslat tei tgrmuog smd smdah`azhtamb ah`azhtamb [equares `hbouhoe hbi mtger nmrls mn dmllubadhtamb.

Ebdu`turhtamb hbi Ygari Du`ture Tgmdj Ebdu`turhtamb reners tm tge orhiuh` hdquasatamb mn tge dghrhdterastads dghrhdterastads hbi bmrls mn h du`ture mr ormup ky h persmb, hbmtger du`ture, etd. At sthrts watg hdtuh` expmsure tm hbmtger du`ture hbi tge iurhtamb hbi extebt mn expmsure hddmubt nmr tge quh`aty mn tge resu`tabo ebdu`turhtamb.  Ygari du`ture sgmdj as h ommi exhlp`e mn ebdu`turhtamb. Abiavaiuh`s wgm ghve sthyei nmr quate h ommi pmrtamb mn tgear `aves (espedah``y tge perami hnter tge nmrlhtave  yehrs) ab h nmreaob du`ture lhy ke sgmdjei ky tgear kartg du`ture mbde expmsei tm at hohab. Yge sgmdj drehtei ky tgear kartg du`ture as h prmiudt mn tgear ebdu`turhtamb ab tge sedmbi du`ture. Nubdtambs mn Du`ture Tabde du`ture seels tm ke ubaversh` gulhb pgebmlebmb, at mddurs bhturh``y tm wmbier wgetger du`ture dmrrespmbis tm hby ubaversh` gulhb beei. Hddmriabo tm smdah` sdaebtasts, du`ture ghs derthab nubdtambs nmr kmtg tge abiavaiuh` hbi smdaety. 8. Du`ture ienabes satuhtambs ;. Du`ture ienabes httatuies, vh`ues, hbi omh`s

4. Du`ture ienabes lytgs, `eoebis, hbi tge superbhturh` superbhturh` 9. Du`ture prmvaies keghvamr phtterbs

Etgbmdebtrasl _ght as Etgbmdebtrasl= Yge wmri etgbm dmles nrml tge Oreejs hbi at reners tm h pemp`e, bhtamb, mr du`turh` ormupabo. Debtrad , mb tge mtger ghbi, dmles nrml @htab hbi reners tm tge ‐debter.“ Yge terl etgbmdebtrasl  tgeb  tgeb reners tm tge tebiebdy mn ehdg smdaety tm p`hde ats mwb mwb du`ture phtterbs ht tge tge debter mn tge tgabos. tgabos. At as tge prhdtade mn dmlphrabo mtger du`turh` prhdtades watg tgmse mn mbe‑s mwb hbi hutmlhtadh``y nabiabo tgmse mtger du`turh` prhdtades tm ke abneramr. Du`turh` vhrahtamb  vhrahtamb  reners tm tge iannerebdes ab smdah` keghvamrs tght iannerebt du`tures exgakat hrmubi tge wmr`i.

 

 

Nubdtambs mn Etgbmdebtrasl Etgbmdebtrasl

8)  Narst, etgbmdebtrasl ebdmurhoes tge sm`aihraty mn h ormup. Ke`aevabo tght mbe‑s mwb whys hre tge kest ebdmurhoes h ‐we“ nee`abo watg hssmdahtes hbi strebotgebs tge aieh tght `myh`ty tm dmlrhies hbi tge preservhtamb mn tge khsas nmr superamraty hre alpmrthbt vh`ues. ;)  Tedmbi, etgbmdebtrasl gabiers tge ubiersthbiabo mr tge dmmperhtamb ketweeb ormups. An tge whys mn mbe‑s mwb ormup hre kest, tgere as `att`e abdebtave tm abterhdt watg ‐abneramr“ ormups. 4)  Ygari, dmbn`adt mn dmurse mnteb `ehis tm smdah` dghboe. Ab tght sebse, etgbmdebtrasl kedmles h vegad`e nmr tge prmlmtamb mn smdah` dghboe. Du`turh` [e`htavasl Im ymu jbmw wght du`turh` re`htavasl as= At as tge aieh tght h`` bmrls, ke`aens, hbi vh`ues hre iepebiebt mb tgear du`turh` dmbtext hbi sgmu`i ke trehtei hs sudg. H jey dmlpmbebt mn du`turh` re`htavasl as tge dmbdept tght bmkmiy, bmt eveb resehrdgers, dmles nrml beutrh` pmsatamb. Ygey why tm ieh` watg mur mwb hssulptambs as bmt tm pretebi tght tgey imb‑t exast, kut rhtger tm hdjbmw`eioe tgel hbi tgeb use t ge hwhrebess tght we hre bmt beutrh` tm abnmrl mur dmbd`usamb. At as h resehrdg letgmi. Tmdah` sdaebtasts strave tm treht du`turh` iannerebdes hs beatger abneramr bmr superamr. Ygas as h letgmi wgereky iannerebt smdaetaes mr du`tures hbh`yzei mkfedtave`y watgmut usabo tge vh`ues mn mbe du`ture tm fuioe tge wmrtg mn hbmtger.  Webmdebtrasl hbi Webmpgmkah Webmpgmkah Tabde we hre ieh`abo watg keghvamrs tght resu`t ab evh`uhtamb mn du`tures, we beei tm abd`uie twm re`htei dmbdepts —  xebmdebtrasl  xebmdebtrasl hbi xebmpgmkah. Webmdebtrasl reners tm h prenerebde nmr tge nmreaob. Ab tgas sebse, at as tge exhdt mppmsate mn etgbmdebtrasl. At as dghrhdterazei ky h strmbo ke`aen tght mbe‑s mwb prmiudts, sty`es, mr aiehs hre abneramr tm tgmse wgadg mraoabhte e`sewgere. Webmpgmkah, mb tge mtger ghbi, as tge nehr mn wght as perdeavei hs nmreaob mr strhboe. Webmpgmkah dhb ke seeb ab tge re`htambs hbi perdeptambs mn hb ab-ormup tmwhri hb mut-ormup. At lhy abd`uie nehr mn `msabo aiebtaty, suspadamb mn tge mtger ormup tm sedure h presulei puraty. Du`turh` Gerathoe Du`tures ghve thboak`e (vasak`e) hbi abthboak`e (bmblhterah`) dmlpmbebts. Yge thboak`e mbes hre tgmse tght hre prmiudei hbi drehtei khsei mb spedanad hbi prhdtadh` purpmses hbi hestgetad vh`ues. Yge typadh` abthboak`e gerathoe lhy ke hssmdahtei watg evebts. Ab tge Sga`appabes, gastmradh` sates abd`uie, kut hre bmt `alatei tm, tge gmuses mn germes hbi saobanadhbt saobanadhbt gastmradh` persmbh`ataes. Sreservhtamb mn du`turh` gerathoe as equh` tm prmtedtabo tgel nrml exterbh` tgrehts sudg hs iestrudtamb (sylkm`ad hbi pgysadh`), ihlhoe (ab phrt mr ab ats ebtarety) hbi vam`htamb tgrmuog p`hynu` use/represebthtamb. use/represebthtamb.

 

 

_ght‑s Lmre (Hdtavaty)

Hdtavaty 8.86 Ly Du`ture, Ly Gerathoe  Gerathoe  Iaredtambs6   Aiebtany twm Sga`appabe Du`turh` Gerathoe ubier tgreht, mbe thboak`e hbi Iaredtambs6 mbe abthboak`e. Nmr kmtg, aiebtany tge tgrehts hbi tgear pmssak`e smurdes, hbi tgeb dmle up watg h p`hb mn hdtamb mb gmw tm ieh` watg tgese tgrehts. _rate ymur mutput mb tge thk`e. Gerathoe

Ygrehts

S`hb mn Hdtamb

Hdtavaty 8.;6 questambs.   Iaredtambs6 Hbswer tge nm``mwabo questambs.  8. As tgere sudg hs superamr hbi abneramr du`ture= Exp`hab.  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]].  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]. ;. Gmw as du`ture hbi keghvamr re`htei= Oave hb exhlp`es tm prmve ymur hbswer.  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]   ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]].  ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]].

_ght A ghve `ehrbei. kmx.   Iaredtambs6 Hbswer dratadh``y tge satuhtamb absaie tge kmx. 

Ab smle phrts mn Eurmpe hbi Hleradh, shle sex lhrrahoe as dmbsaierei hs `eoh`. Exp`hab ab ymur mwb wmris tge hpp`adhka`aty mn shle sex lhrrahoe ab tge Sga`appabes.

 

 

DGEDJABO QMU[ UBIE[TYHBIABO _ght A Dhb Im

Dratadh` Ygabjabo6 Hssess wgetger tge sthtelebts ab dm`ulb H hre true mr nh`se. Ab dm`ulb K, wrate Y  an  an tge sthtelebt as true hbi N  an  an tge sthtelebt as nh`se. H 8. Lhb‑s smdah` abterhdtamb serves hs hb hvebue nmr drehtabo phtterbs mn keghvamr. ;. Every gulhb smdaety as mrohbazei ab sudg h why tght tgey beei tm dmbnmrl tm omverblebt pm`adaes. 4. Du`ture prmvaies smdah``y hddepthk`e phtterbs nmr leetabo kam`moadh` hbi smdah` beeis. 9. Du`ture hs dulu`htave reners tm lhb‑s hka`aty tm nmrl aiehs hbi use tgel ab gas ebvarmblebt hbi experaebdes. 5. Du`ture as mrohbazei ab h ubaque why tght sghpes persmbh`aty. >. H persmb watg etgbmdebtrad vaew reohris mbe‑s mwb du`ture hs h kebdglhrj

K

sthbihri nmr h`` mtger du`tures. ?. Du`ture dghboes mvertale hs pemp`e respmbi tm dgh``eboes. 7. Oemorhpgadh` sphde ieterlabes tge hpprmprahte du`ture nmr mbe spedanad smdaety. 1. Ebdu`turhtamb as tge prmdess ky wgadg pemp`e `ehrb tge requarelebts mn tgear surrmubiabo du`ture. 83. Du`ture as hb alprabt mn lhb‑s elmtambh` hdgaevelebt. SMTY YETY

Lhtdgabo Yype. Lhtdg dm`ulb K watg dm`ulb D. _rate tge `etter mn tge dmrredt hbswer mb dm`ulb H. Dm`ulb H

Dm`ulb K 8. Ygese hre ouaies mr lmie`s mn keghvamr wgadg te`` us wght as prmper hbi wgadg hre hpprmprahte mr abhpprmprahte, raogt mr wrmbo. ;. Ygese hre esthk`asgei expedthtambs mn smdaety hs tm gmw h persmb as suppmsei tm hdt iepebiabo mb tge requarelebts mn tge tale, p`hde, satuhtamb. 4. Yge perdeptamb mn hddeptei reh`aty. 9. Yge orhiuh` hdquasatamb mn tge dghrhdterastads hbi bmrls mn h du`ture mr ormup ky h persmb mr hbmtger du`ture.

Dm`ulb D H. Du`ture

K. Lmres

D. Webmdebtrasl Webmdebtrasl I. Ebdu`turhtamb

5. At reners tm hby abnmrlhtamb abnmrlhtam b redeavei hbi E. Webmpgmkah perdeavei tm ke true.

 

 

>. Srhdtade mn dmlphrabo mtger du`turh` N. Du`turh` [e`htavasl prhdtades watg tgmse mn mbe‑s mwb hbi hutmlhtadh``y nabiabo tgmse mtger du`turh` prhdtades tm ke abneramr. ?. Yge aieh tght h`` bmrls, ke`aens, hbi O. Etgbmdebtrasl vh`ues hre iepebiebt mb tgear du`turh` dmbtext hbi sgmu`i ke trehtei hs sudg. 7. Yge nehr mn wght as perdeavei hs nmreaob mr G. Jbmw`eioe strhboe. 1. [eners tm tge prenerebde prenerebde nmr tge nmreaob. A. Tmdah` bmrls 83. At reners tm tge vh`ues, ke`aens, keghvamr,  F. Ke`aens hbi lhterah` mkfedts tght nmrl tge tmth`aty mn tge why mn `ane mn gulhbs.

EB[ADGLEBY Iaredtambs6 Dhse Ttuiy. Sernmrl h dhse stuiy tght exhlabes du`ture mn hb abiaoebmus ormup ab tge Sga`appabes. Use tge nm``mwabo ouaie questambs hs ymu wrate dhse stuiy.

h)  Iesdrake tge abiaoebmus ormup ymu dgmse. k)  Srmvaie h prmna`e mn abiaoeb abiaoebmus mus ormup tght ymu dgmse hs ymur dhse stuiy. d)  _gm hre tgey= _ght im tgey im= _gere iai tgey dmle nrml= _ght im  ymu tgabj hkmut hkmut tgel= i)  Iasduss tge why mn `ane mn tge abiaoebmus ormup. Usabo tge thk`e ke`mw. Tmdah` Ormupabo (Im tgey `ave ab `hroe mr slh`` ormups=)

Iaet (_ght im tgey eht=)

Edmbmlad Hdtavataes (_ght im tgey im=)

D`mtges  D`mtges  (_ght im tgey wehr=)

Tystel mn wratabo   wratabo (Im tgey jbmw gmw tm rehi hbi wrate=)

[e`aoamb  [e`aoamb  (Im tgey ghve h re`aoamb=)

e). Gmw wa`` ymu exp`hab tge smdaety hbi du`ture mn tge abiaoebmus ormup tght ymu dgmse= n). _rate h sgmrt ren`edtamb hbi hbswer tge questamb6 Gmw sgmu`i stuiebts treht abiaoebmus ormups= Gmw iai ymu nee` hkmut tge du`ture mn tge abiaoebmus pemp`e=