UBD Template

Cycles in Nature A Lesson Plan on Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation Stage 1 – Desired Results Content Standard(s):

S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials. b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.

S7L4. Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environments. b. Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism. Understanding (s)/goals Students will understand that:

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Every organism on Earth relies on cellular processes to get needed materials and energy. Cells have specific organelles that underlie their functions. Cellular processes like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation, are integral processes in the transfer of energy and matter along the food chain. Every organism on Earth is an important part of the food chain/web. The sun is the ultimate source of energy on Earth.

Essential Question(s): • What if the sun was no longer able to shine? • What would happen if all of the plants on Earth became extinct? • What is the relationship between plants and animals in the same ecosystem? • What is meant by the phrase “cycles in nature”? • How do cycles in nature relate to me? • What might happen if energy and matter stopped flowing in the environment? • How do cell structures relate to the flow of matter and energy in the environment? • How are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? • How does the process of photosynthesis affect me? • What would happen to me if my cells quit producing ATP? • How does photosynthesis compare with cellular respiration?

Student objectives (outcomes): Students will be able to: • • • •

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Describe photosynthesis. List the reactants and products of photosynthesis. Explain where photosynthesis takes place within the cell. Explain why pigments are important in the process of photosynthesis. Separate pigments in leaves. Compare cellular respiration with photosynthesis. Describe the products and reactants of both processes. State where each process takes place within the cell. Compare cellular respiration with fermentation. Describe the products and reactants of each process. State where each process takes place within the cell. Describe the flow of matter and energy in a food chain/web. Explain why photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation are integral to the flow of matter and energy within a food chain/web.

Stage 2 – Assessment Evidence Performance Task(s): Other Evidence: • Elodea Experiment – students will • Cellular Energy Quiz – students will complete a

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prepare an experiment that demonstrates how plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. Students will be able to relate the results of the experiment to photosynthesis. This lab was found at: http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets /photosynthesis_BTB.html . Paper Chromatography Lab – students will be able to separate the pigments found in leaves to observe the various pigments that are involved in photosynthesis. Students will relate what they observe to the process of photosynthesis. This lab was found at: http://www.nclark.net/PhotoRespiration Fermentation Lab – students will conduct an experiment with yeast cells that demonstrates how cells can convert glucose into ATP and carbon dioxide without the use of oxygen. Students will relate the results of the experiment to the process of fermentation. This lab was found at: http://www.nclark.net/PhotoRespiration

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multiple choice quiz over the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation. Photosynthesis – Card Game – individual students will be provided with photosynthesis equation cards. Each card will have one symbol from the photosynthesis equation. Students will have to put the cards in order to demonstrate that they know the products and reactants of photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration – Card Game – individual students will be provided with cellular respiration equation cards. Each card will have one symbol from the cellular respiration equation. Students will have to put the cards in order to demonstrate that they know the products and reactants of cellular respiration. Diagram the Relationship between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis – students will diagram the cellular relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration Class discussion - the class will participate in frequent discussions of the processes that cells use to get the energy that they need. Final Exam – students will complete the Cellular Energy Final Exam

Stage 3 – Learning Plan Learning Activities: • Brain Pop Video on Photosynthesis – this is a 3 minute video that provides students with a detailed •

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over view of the process of photosynthesis. It explains the products and reactants of photosynthesis. It also describes why the process of photosynthesis is important in the food chain/web. Photosynthesis Podcast with guided note page - the teacher will provide students with a discussion of the process of photosynthesis. Discussion will include the importance of producers because they are the base of the food chain. Discussion will also include a detailed description of photosynthesis and where it takes place within the cell. Brain Pop Video on Cellular Respiration – this is a 3 minute video that provides students with a detailed description of cellular respiration. It explains the products and reactants of cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration Podcast with guided note page - the teacher will provide students with a discussion of the process of cellular respiration. Discussion will include the importance of cellular respiration in the transfer of energy along the food chain. Discussion will also include a detailed description of cellular respiration and where it takes place within the cell. A detailed comparison of photosynthesis and cellular respiration will also be provided. Fermentation Podcast with guided note page - the teacher will provide students with a discussion of the process of fermentation. Discussion will include the importance of fermentation in the transfer of energy along the food chain. Discussion will also include a detailed description of fermentation and where it takes place within the cell. A detailed comparison of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation will also be provided. Guided reading Chapter 2.2 – All Cells Need Energy – students will use their textbooks to fill in a guided reading page that summarizes the processes of fermentation, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis. T-Chart comparison of photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation. – students will complete a T-chart comparison of the three processes. Biology: The Science of Life: The Flow of Matter and Energy in the Living World: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration – U.S Video: 15 minutes – students will watch the preceding video and complete a video guide that summarizes the processes cells use to obtain energy. Video can be found at: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/ Photosynthesis – Card Game – students in pairs of two will be provided with photosynthesis equation cards. Each card will have one symbol from the photosynthesis equation. Students will have to put the cards in order to demonstrate that they know the products and reactants of photosynthesis. Cellular Respiration – Card Game – students in pairs of two will be provided with cellular respiration equation cards. Each card will have one symbol from the cellular respiration equation. Students will have to put the cards in order to demonstrate that they know the products and reactants of cellular respiration. Energy in Cells – students will complete a handout in which they will answer questions about the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation. This worksheet can be found at: http://colgurchemistry.com/Sc10/Sc10BIOLOGY/PDFS/Microsoft%20Word%20%20Act7WorksheetPhotosynCellResp_doc.pdf

Lesson Sequence: Day 1: 1. Brain Pop: Photosynthesis 2. Photosynthesis Podcast 3. Chromatography Lab

Day 2: 1. Photosynthesis Card Game groups 2. Set Up Elodea Lab

Day 4: 1. Cellular Respiration Card Game - groups 2. Fermentation Podcast 3. T-Chart Comparison of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and

Day5: 1. Finish Elodea Lab 2. Set Up Fermentation Lab 3. Guided Reading Chapter 2.2 4. Photosynthesis Card Game: Individual

Day 3: 1. Brain Pop: Cellular Respiration 2. Cellular Respiration Podcast 3. Diagram Relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration Day 6: 1. Cellular Energy Quiz 2. Finish Fermentation Lab 3. Biology the Science of Life: The Flow of Matter and Energy in the Living World – Video 4. Cellular Respiration Card Game:

fermentation. 4. H/W – Energy in Cells Day 7: 1. Final Exam

Individual

Photosynthesis – notes I. The ______________________is the ultimate source of all energy needed to fuel the chemical activities of cells. Most food chains begin with the process of photosynthesis II.______________________________ – plants and algae are producers (or autotrophs) which means they use energy from the sun to create food A. All cells use ________________ energy. Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule B. Plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy by creating molecules of glucose. C. Plants use some of the chemical energy (glucose) they create to make ____________ (energy) for their own cells D. The rest of the chemical energy (glucose) is stored in the plant’s tissues and is eaten by consumers E. The cells of organisms must be able to ___________________ the chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose

In the space provided, explain in your own words why the sun is the ultimate source of all energy on earth. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 1. All food chains begin with A. Decomposers B. Consumers C. Producers D. Herbivores III. How does this process begin? A.________________________ - organelle that performs photosynthesis B. ________________________- molecules in the chloroplast that absorb sunlight 1. ______________________ – green; main pigment 2. Carotenoids- yellow to orange; extra pigments that are responsible fall colors C. photosynthesis reaction – 6CO + 6H2O + light (Carbondioxide + water + light

 C6H12O6  Glucose

+ 6O2 + Oxygen)

Chloroplast

2. What do plants and algae take in to carry out photosynthesis?

3. What do plants and algae produce during the process of photosynthesis?

4. In which organelle does the process of photosynthesis occur in?

Cellular Respiration - notes A Review of Photosynthesis:

A Review of Photosynthesis in your own words:

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Cells use cellular respiration to release the energy stored in the glucose (occurs in the mitochondria)

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Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration is a process that changes starting materials into new products.

I. ______________ __________________ – process that allows organisms to get energy for their cells from glucose. A. ___________________________ – organelle that performs cellular respiration. Plant and animal cells have mitochondria. B. Cellular respiration reaction = C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose + oxygen  carbondioxide + water + energy

Mitochondria

1. What do cells take in during the process of cellular respiration?

2. What do cells produce during the process of cellular respiration?

3. In which organelle does the process of cellular respiration occur in? A Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

In your own words, describe how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar. How are the different?

____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ________________

Fermentation - notes I. ___________________________– getting energy from food without oxygen – occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell A. Two types- Lactic Acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation 1. _______________________________________- produces alcohol; Bacteria and yeast eat sugar and release alcohol as waste. Used to make bread, yogurt, cheese, pickles, beer, and wine. Fermentation is what gives some foods their unique flavor. 2. ____________________________________________ - Produce lactic acid; Runners Burn  muscle cells that don’t get enough oxygen switch to fermentation in order to get energy; lactic acid builds up and causes burning sensation 1. Why do human cells switch from cellular respiration to fermentation?

2. Describe a situation that has caused your cells to switch from cellular respiration to fermentation.

3. Where does fermentation occur within the cell?

Euk

Comparison of Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Fermentation Photosynthesis

Function

What does it use? What does it Produce? Where does it take place in the cell? Which type of organis ms use this process?

Cellular Respiration

Fermentation

Elodea Lab Do Plants Consume or Release CO2? Or Both? 1. Background In this lab, you will use phenol red as an indicator to show whether CO2 is being consumed or produced in a reaction. It is well known that in the presence of light plants perform photosynthesis. It is less well understood that at the same time plants are also performing cell respiration. To demonstrate this we will determine whether CO2 is consumed or produced as Elodea is placed in either a light or dark environment. The change in CO2 will be detected by the pH indicator phenol red. Think about the chemical equations for respiration and photosynthesis. Which one releases CO2 causing an increase and which one uses up CO2 which will cause a decrease? Phenol red is yellow under acidic conditions (high H ion concentration), pink under basic or alkaline conditions (low H ion concentration) and orange under neutral conditions. A change in CO2 will cause a directly proportional change in H ion. If the CO2 concentration decreases, the H ion concentration will also decrease and the solution will change to pink, becoming basic. If the CO2 concentration increases, the H ion concentration will also increase and the solution will change to yellow, becoming acidic. Neutral solutions of phenol red will be orange.

2. Preparation Create a solution of phenol red by adding concentrated phenol red to about 100 ml of water. The phenol red may change color as a result of adding water (depending on how acidic your tap water is). Your goal is to make your solution a neutral orange color. You can do this by gently blowing into the solution with a straw. Once you have the solution at an orange color, transfer it to 4 test tubes (they should be filled about 2/3 full with your orange solution). Place a cut piece of elodea (cut end up) into two of the four tubes. The other two test tubes will not have elodea and will serve as controls. One set will be placed in the light, and one set in the dark (see data table). Aluminum foil can be used to seal the test tubes to be set in the dark. All test tubes should be stoppered or covered with parafilm to minimize reactions with the air.

3. Data - Record the colors of the solutions in the testtubes after 1-2 days. Elodea + PR/ dark

Elodea + PR / light

PR / dark (control)

PR / light (control)

4. Analysis: Describe what happened. Explain what happened.

Reader: _________________________________ Recorder: _________________________________ Experimenter 1: BIOLOGY LAB_________________________________ PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY Experimenter 2: _________________________________ Date: _________________________ Period/Block:____

OF LEAF PIGMENTS Question Do green leaves also contain other pigments? Hypothesis _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ Materials Isopropyl alcohol Green leaf Coffee filter or chromatography paper Coin Beaker Ruler Scissors Pencil Tape Colored pencils or crayons

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan

Procedure *Paper chromatography is a process that uses special filter paper to separate and identify the different substances in a mixture. Chromatography means “to write with color.” The substances in the mixture dissolve in the alcohol and move up the paper. The heavier substances move up the paper more slowly. The lighter substances move up the paper more quickly. So heavy and light substances get separated from one another on the paper. *Plants contain chlorophyll, a green pigment, as well as carotenoid, a pigment that ranges in color from red to orange to yellow. 1. Obtain a strip of chromatography paper or cut a 2 ½ cm strip from a coffee filter. 2. Use a ruler to measure and draw a light pencil line 2 cm above the bottom of the paper strip. 3. Wrap a leaf around a coin with the waxy side of the leaf facing outward. Now rub the leaf along the light pencil line on the paper strip until you make a dark green line. DO NOT RUB THE LEAF ABOVE OR BELOW THE LINE. RUB THE LEAF ON THE LINE ONLY. 4. Tape the top of the paper strip to a pencil so that the end of the strip with the green line hangs down. The pencil should be able to sit across the top of the beaker with the bottom of the paper strip just touching the bottom of the beaker. Cut off any excess paper from the top of the strip if it is too long. DO NOT CUT THE BOTTOM OF THE STRIP WITH THE GREEN LINE. 5. Remove the pencil/paper strip from the beaker for now. 6. Carefully add isopropyl alcohol to the beaker until it reaches a depth of 1 cm in the beaker. 7. Lay the pencil across the top of the beaker with the paper strip extending into the alcohol. MAKE SURE THAT THE LEVEL OF THE ALCOHOL IS BELOW THE GREEN LINE ON YOUR PAPER STRIP. IF THE ALCOHOL IS GOING TO COVER THE GREEN LINE, POUR OUT SOME ALCOHOL BEFORE YOU GET THE GREEN LINE WET. 8. Observe as the alcohol gets absorbed and travels up the paper. This may take up to 20 minutes. Do not touch your experiment during this time. 9. Using colored pencils or crayons, draw your results.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan

Results Filter paper Before paper chromatography

Use colored pencils or crayons to draw your observations

After paper chromatography

Conclusions 1. Why is paper chromatography an appropriate technique to use to determine if different pigments are present in a leaf? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 2. How does paper chromatography work? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 3. Did the leaf you tested contain different pigments? Use your results to support your answer. _______________________________________________________________

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 4. Based on what you have learned, explain why leaves tend to change color in the fall. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 5. Leaves in New England change color in the fall. However, leaves in Florida do not change color in the fall. Why is this so? (Hint: Think of a difference between the two locations that might act as a trigger for leaves to change color in the fall.) _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 6. Was your hypothesis correct? If not, rewrite your hypothesis here so that it is correct. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan

Photosynthesis Card Game: (Cards will be pre-cut for students)

6CO2

+

6H2O

+

Energy

=

C6H12O6

+

6O2

Cellular Respiration Card Game: (Cards will be pre-cut for

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan

students)

6CO2

+

6H2O

+

Energy

=

C6H12O6

+

6O2

Guided Reading Chapter 2-2

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan All Cells Need Energy page 47

1. To stay alive, all cells must be able to release the _________________ energy in bonds between _______________. 2. A major energy source for most cells is stored in a sugar molecule called ________________________. 3. Where do cells like muscle cells get the energy they need? 4. How do plants get glucose?

Some cells capture light energy page 47

1. The source of energy for almost all organisms ultimately comes from the __________________. 2. Plants change the energy from the sun into _______________________. 3. Animals either eat plants, or they eat other animals that have eaten ________________________. 4. The process that plant cells use to change the energy in sunlight to chemical energy is called ________________________________. 5. Photosynthesis takes place in plant cells that have _________________________.

6. Chloroplasts contain a pigment called __________________________ that traps the energy in sunlight. In the diagram below, label the starting materials and the products of photosynthesis

Write a brief description of photosynthesis: ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ All cells release energy page 50

1. Glucose and other sugars are cell _____________________ - they are the power source for cell activities in almost all living things. 2. When a sugar molecule is broken down, a _____________________ form of energy is released for the cell’s life functions. 3. Cells can release energy in two basic processes: cellular respiration and ______________________________.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 4. Cellular respiration requires _______________________, but fermentation does not. Cellular 1. Cellular respiration takes place in organelles called Respiration ________________________. page 50 2. Mitochondria are in both plant and animal ______________________. In the diagram below label the starting materials and the products of cellular respiration.

Write a brief description of cellular respiration: _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Fermentati on page 52-53 & Energy and Exercise page 54

1. Where does fermentation occur? 2. What are the two types of fermentation? 3. What types of foods are made by the process of fermentation? 4. When do muscle cells use fermentation to produce energy instead of cellular respiration? 5. What causes the burning sensation in your legs after prolonged periods of exercise?

Biology: The Science of Life: The Flow of Matter and Energy in the Living World: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration – Prediction Guide

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan Part 1 Directions: Under the column labeled “Before Video”, circle true or false beside each statement – then as you watch the video – and HEAR the correct answer – circle true or false under the “During Video” column. Your answers in the 2nd column will be graded – so circle an answer – even if your answer stays the same! BEFORE VIDEO

DURING

VIDEO 1. The two basic ingredients of the universe are matter and energy.

True

False

True

False

2. Air is matter because it has weight and takes up space

True

False

True

False

3. Energy has no weight and does not occupy space

True

False

True

False

4. Most chemical energy used by living things was once sunlight.

True

False

True

False

5. The smallest particle of an element is a molecule.

True

False

True

False

6. The hydrogen and oxygen that forms water are both gases at room temperature.

True

False

True

False

7. DNA molecules in living things are the simplest of all molecules.

True

False

True

False

8. Chemical reactions almost never occur inside of living organisms like humans.

True

False

True

False

9. Photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction that takes place on Earth.

True

False

True

False

10 . Chlorophyll is the pigment that plants use to absorb the energy in sunlight.

True

False

True

False

11. Photosynthesis only takes place in plants and plant like

True

False

True

False

12. The first link in any food chain is a consumer.

True

False

True

False

13. Tertiary consumers are organisms like deer and rabbits that feed on plants.

True

False

True

False

14. Decomposers like fungi and bacteria obtain energy by carrying out photosynthesis.

True

False

True

False

15. Organisms that live in the ocean need oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.

True

False

True

False

16. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complimentary processes.

True

False

True

False

organisms.

Part 2 Directions: On the back of this paper, reword the statements that you marked as false so that they are true statements.

Cellular Energy Quiz Multiple Choice

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. An organism with chloroplasts is a a. consumer. c. producer. b. prokaryote. d. centromere. 2. Before the energy in food can be used by a cell, it must first be transferred to molecules of a. proteins. c. DNA. b. carbohydrates. d. ATP. 3. Oxygen is used to break down food molecules and release energy in a process called a. photosynthesis. c. cellular respiration. b. cytokinesis. d. fermentation. 4. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? a. glucose c. carbon monoxide b. carbon dioxide d. heat energy 5. Which of the following is NOT used to make glucose in photosynthesis? a. H2O c. CO2 b. O2 d. light energy 6. The molecules in the cells of plants that absorb the energy of light are called a. glucose. c. pigments. b. carbohydrates. d. carbon dioxide. 7. ___ is what gives plants their green color. a. Water c. Carbon dioxide b. Chlorophyll d. Glucose 8. Photosynthesis takes place in a. chloroplasts. c. carbohydrates. b. chlorophyll. d. chromatids. 9. The equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 is the equation for which of the following processes? a. photosynthesis c. fermentation b. cellular respiration d. exocytosis 10. The equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) is the equation for which of the following processes? a. photosynthesis c. fermentation b. cellular respiration d. exocytosis 11. A product of cellular respiration is a. oxygen. c. carbon dioxide. b. water. d. Both (b) and (c) 12. Cellular respiration takes place in a eukaryotic cell's a. nucleus. c. endoplasmic reticulum. b. mitochondria. d. Golgi complex.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 13. A product of photosynthesis is a. oxygen. c. carbon dioxide. b. lactic acid. d. light energy. 14. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration dependent upon one another? a. Photosynthesis requires the oxygen produced during cellular respiration, which requires the carbon dioxide produced during photosynthesis. b. Photosynthesis requires the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration, which requires the oxygen produced during photosynthesis. c. Photosynthesis requires the glucose produced during cellular respiration, which requires the thermal energy produced during photosynthesis. d. Photosynthesis requires the ATP produced during cellular respiration, which requires the thermal energy produced during photosynthesis. 15. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in a. bread dough. b. any environment containing oxygen. c. muscle cells. d. mitochondria. 16. The two a. b. c. d.

main types of fermentation are called alcoholic and aerobic. aerobic and anaerobic. alcoholic and lactic acid. lactic acid and anaerobic.

17. Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a. the Krebs cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation 18. Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as fermentation is to a. chloroplasts. b. cytoplasm. c. mitochondria. d. nuclei.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan Discussion Question Examples: 1. Where does photosynthesis take place within the cell? 2. What are the products of photosynthesis? 3. What are the reactants of photosynthesis? 4. Why is the process of photosynthesis important to life on earth? 5. Why are pigments important in the process of photosynthesis? 6. What would happen to life on earth if all plants became extinct? 7. What is the ultimate source of all energy on earth? 8. Where does cellular respiration take place within the cell? 9. What are the products of cellular respiration? 10.What are the reactants of photosynthesis? 11.Why is the process of cellular respiration important to life on earth? 12.How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related? 13.How do the equations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare? 14.Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are cycled through photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 15.Why is the process of cellular respiration important to you? 16.What would happen if you stopped producing ATP? 17.How does cellular respiration compare with fermentation? 18.Why do cells use the process of fermentation? 19.Where does the process of fermentation take place within the cell? 20.What are some products that are made using the process of fermentation? 21.What are the two types of fermentation? 22.How are the two types of fermentation similar? Different? 23.How are photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation integral to the flow of matter and energy within a food chain/web?

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan Cellular Energy Exam Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true. 1. The energy in most food comes from sunlight. _________________________ 2. Heterotrophs require oxygen. _________________________ 3. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide. _________________________ 4. If you swim aerobically for 30 minutes, your body has probably started to break down stored molecules, such as fats, for energy. _________________________ 4. During the course of a long race, a person’s muscle cells will use both cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP. _________________________ Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called a. autotrophs. b. heterotrophs. c. thylakoids. d. plants. 7. Which of the following is an autotroph? a. mushroom b. impala c. leopard d. tree 8. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. ATP. d. vaporized water. 9. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into a. oxygen. b. high-energy sugars. c. ATP and oxygen. d. oxygen and high-energy sugars. 10. Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing a. high-energy sugars. b. chlorophyll a. c. chlorophyll b. d. sunlight.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 11. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll a. does not absorb green light. b. reflects violet light. c. absorbs green light. d. none of the above 12. If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars? a. More sugars will be produced. b. Fewer sugars will be produced. c. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide. d. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants. 13. Which of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis? a. water b. temperature c. light intensity d. all of the above 14. If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens? a. The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity. b. The rate of photosynthesis decreases with light intensity. c. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off. d. The rate of photosynthesis does not change. 15. What would you expect to happen to plants at temperatures greater than 45°C? a. They will have a very high rate of photosynthesis. b. They will have a less than optimal rate of photosynthesis. c. They will have a high rate of photosynthesis if light intensity is also great. d.

They will have an optimal rate of photosynthesis if water is available.

Figure 8-2

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 16. Which of the graphs in Figure 8-2 represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? a. A b. B c. C d. D 17. Which of the following is released during cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. air c. energy d. lactic acid 18. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? a. 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy b. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O c. 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy d. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6 19. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down a. food molecules. b. ATP. c. carbon dioxide. d. water. 20. Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? a. glycolysis b. electron transport c. Krebs cycle d. all of the above 21. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in a. bread dough. b. any environment containing oxygen. c. muscle cells. d. mitochondria. 22. The two main types of fermentation are called a. alcoholic and aerobic. b. aerobic and anaerobic. c. alcoholic and lactic acid. d. lactic acid and anaerobic. 23. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires a. light. b. exercise. c. oxygen. d. glucose. 24. All of the following are sources of energy during exercise EXCEPT a. stored ATP. b. alcoholic fermentation. c. lactic acid fermentation. d. cellular respiration.

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 25. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes? a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy. b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. c. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. d. all of the above 26. Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in a. animal cells only. b. plant cells only. c. all but plant cells. d. all eukaryotic cells. Short Answer 27. Explain how heterotrophs like you get their energy from the sun even though they cannot make their own food. 28. Write the overall equation for photosynthesis in both symbols and words. 29. What is cellular respiration? 30. Cellular respiration is able to extract about 38 percent of the potential energy from glucose. 31. What happens to the rest of the energy? Give an example. 32. What roles does oxygen play in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration? USING SCIENCE SKILLS A student prepared two beakers with identical sprigs of a water plant as shown below. She placed one beaker in the shade and the other beaker beside a fluorescent lamp. She then systematically changed the distance of the beaker from the lamp. She counted the bubbles given off by each sprig of the water plant. Shown here is the graph of the data for the beaker she placed in the light.

Figure 8-4

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan 33. Controlling Variables Which beaker is the student’s control? 34. Applying Concepts Look at Figure 8-4. If the student later tested the air bubbles collected in the test tube, what would she find they are made of? How do you know? 35. Using Tables and Graphs Look at the graph in Figure 8-4. At what distance from the light source was the greatest number of bubbles produced? 36. Analyzing Data Look at the graph in Figure 8-4. What do the student’s data show? 37. Predicting If the lamp were placed closer than 5 centimeters from the water plant, would the plant give off many more bubbles? Why or why not? USING SCIENCE SKILLS A student poured a solution of bromthymol blue indicator into three test tubes. Then, he placed an aquatic plant in two of the test tubes, as shown below. He placed a stopper on each test tube and placed them all in the dark for 24 hours. Bromthymol blue turns from blue to yellow in the presence of CO2.

Figure 9-4 38. Applying Concepts Look at Figure 9-4. Which process or processes would you expect the organisms in the test tubes to carry out—cellular respiration, photosynthesis, or both? When would you expect each process to occur? 39. Inferring What is the purpose of the bromthymol blue in Figure 9-4? How can the student use this indicator to draw conclusions about the processes that the aquatic plants are carrying out? Explain your answer. 40. Predicting Predict what will happen to the test tubes in Figure 9-3 after 24 hours in the dark. 41. Predicting Assume that after 24 hours in the dark, the bromthymol blue in test tubes 2 and 3 in Figure 9-3 had turned yellow. The student then placed test tube 3 in a sunny window. He left test tube 2 in the dark. Predict what color the solution in each test tube will be after the next 24 hours. 42. Applying Concepts Explain your prediction in question 14 in terms of cellular respiration and/or photosynthesis.

Diagramming Relationships

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan Directions: In the box below, draw and label the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Include in your drawing: a mitochondria, a chloroplast, and the products and reactants of each process. Your diagram should show the relationship that exists between each process.

Web Resources: http://techteacher.acs.ac/Curriculum_Maps/TLG/Bio_I.pdf

Christie Edwards Durden ITEC 8530 Podcast Lesson Plan http://www.nclark.net/PhotoRespiration http://colgurchemistry.com/Sc10/Sc10BIOLOGY/PDFS/Microsoft%20Word%20%20Act7WorksheetPhotosynCellResp_doc.pdf www.flikr.com

Print Resources: Miller, K.R. and Levine, J. (2004). Biology. New York: Prentice Hall. Life Science. (2001). Austin: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.