U5 - Modelos de Medición

 

 

HOEM EMD D J@ J@OM OM EG EGO O@M @MEG EGD D IH B ^@ ^@OM OM YHO @E_Y@YXYM YHOEMDßJ@OM IH [@EMYH[G @EJHE@HSÂG @EIX_YS@GD

Bhi`o`ÿe y bhamrgb`hetm ih dg prmiuot`v`igi BHi. Jhmvgee` H. Ogsgs Imbâejuhz

[gmdg @sgchd [àrhz Cg÷ms Em ih ometrmd 76:?;;86 Motgvm _hbhstrh [SH_HEYG

XE@IGI V. Bmihdms pgrg dg bhi`o`ÿe  Got`v`igihs ih gprhei`zgah

BGPM 3;3;

 

Xe`igi 8. Bmihdms pgrg dg bhi`o`ÿe   Xeg ihf`e`o`ÿe ih bmihdm he tàrb`ems buy jhehrgdhs hs1 —Xeg —Xeg bgehrg ih prmohihr ougeim trgtgbms ih ombprheihr dgs rhgd`igihs ihd bueim quh ems rmihg‒. rmihg‒. 

Xe bmihdm hs ue cmsquham quh rhprhshetg ue omeauetm rhgd ome o`hrtm jrgim ih prho`s`ÿe y he dg fmrbg bçs ombpdhtg pms`cdh, phrm s`e prhtheihr gpmrtgr ueg ràpd`og ih dm quh hx`sth he dg rhgd`igi. Dms bmihdms sme buy ñt`dhs pgrg ihsor`c`r, hxpd`ogr m ombprheihr bhamr dg rhgd`igi, ougeim hs `bpms`cdh trgcgagr i`rhotgbheth he dg rhgd`igi he sâ. Dg bhi`o`ÿe hs ue t`pm ih mcshrvgo`ÿe r`jurmsg rhgd`zgig he omei`o`mehs ometrmdgigs y frhouhethbheth rhfhr`ig ih gdjñe bmim g pgtrmehs. Hs ueg ihsor`po`ÿe r`jurmsg h `ehquâvmog quh t`heh ue s`je`f`ogim omestgeth pgrg ueg ombue`igi o`hetâf`og y prmfhs`megd. Bhi`r hs sust`tu`r s`sthbçt`ogbheth dgs omsgs m sus prmp`higihs pmr eñbhrms, ih tgd bmim quh pmigbms usgr dms eñbhrms ombm s` sh trgtgsh ih dm rhprhshetgim.

 

 

@B[MSYGEO@G IH DM_ BMIHDM_ [GSG DG BHI@O@ßE IH DG [SMIXOY@V@IGI Dms bmihdms v`hehe g shr ueg pgutg, juâg, prmohsm s` quhrhbms tgbc`àe quh bgroge euhstrg gotugo`ÿe phrsmegd y dg fmrbg he dg quh heogrgbms ougdqu`hr gsphotm ih euhstrg hx`stheo`g. Dms bmihdms pmr tgetm sme ueg hspho`h ih grquht`pms quh sme susohpt`cdhs ih `b`tgo`ÿe m rhpd`ogo`ÿe. Ngy bmihdms v`tgdhs, ih ombpmrtgb`hetm, ih gotugo`ÿe, ngy bmihdms hsphoâf`oms quh hetrge bçs he dms thrrhems ih dm dgcmrgd quh vge ihf`e`heim ue hst`dm, ue ombpmrtgb`hetm ueg got`tui y gpt`tui frheth g dm quh sh rhf`hrh euhstrm ihsgrrmddm. Dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dms prmohsms hs ueg ih dgs bhamrhs smduo`mehs pgrg thehr ue ometrmd omestgeth ih dm quh hstç pgsgeim he dg hbprhsg y bhamrgr dm quh em hstç yheim c`he. Ymims dms igtms quh grrmage ueg bhi`o`ÿe hs `efmrbgo`ÿe vgd`msg pgrg pmihr tmbgr iho`s`mehs gihougigs y heogb`egr g dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe ngo`g sus mcaht`vms. Dg bhi`o`ÿe dg prmiuot`v`igi sh ng ih omevhrt`im he uemyih dmshddm, rhfhrheths pr`eo`pgdhs ihd geçd`s`s ih dgsihihc`d`igihs y fmrtgdhzgs dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe ome ih dgs ehohs`igihs ih fmrbgo`ÿe ihd phrsmegd. Hs hd `esubm fueigbhetgd pgrg quh ue s`sthbg ih ihthoo`ÿe ih dgs ehohs`igihs ih ogpgo`tgo`ÿe hvmduo`meh auetm ome dg i`eçb`og ih dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe. _`e hbcgrjm, em ougdqu`hr s`sthbg ih bhi`o`ÿe hs `iÿehm pgrg shr ue rhfhrheth ih dg ogpgo`tgo`ÿe. Ombm omei`o`megeths sh t`hehe dms gsphotms s`ju`heths1 hs ombprhei`im y gohptgim pmr hd phrsmegd< rhfdhag dgs ogpgo`igihs `ei`v`iugdhs y omdhot`vgs ihd phrsmegd< `eomrpmrg dg ombpdha`igi ih dms mcaht`vms g gdogezgr< hs gigptgcdh g euhvgs o`rouestgeo`gs y hx`jheo`gs< y, ngoh pgrt`o`pgr gd phrsmegd he dg omestruoo`ÿe y shju`b`hetm ih dms `ei`ogimrhs. Hs iho`r, ue s`sthbg s`sthb g quh hst`budg he hd phrsmegd dg emo`ÿe ih gprheihr g trgvàs ih1 dg ombue`ogo`ÿe y hd ombprmb`sm ome dms mcaht`vms ih dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe< dg rhfdhx`ÿe orât`og smcrh dg goo`mehs y rut`egs hbprhei`igs< dg `ethrgoo`ÿe y hd gpmym butum he hd ihsgrrmddm ih dgs fueo`mehs< dg gpd`ogo`ÿe y hd shju`b`hetm ih dgs prmpuhstgs ih bhamrg y, dg omestruoo`ÿe ih omeshesms smcrh dms ihshbph÷ms hsphrgims y dgs goo`mehs ih fmrbgo`ÿe g ihsgrrmddgr. Dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg prmiuot`v`igi g e`vhd ih dgs hbprhsgs, gsâ ombm ih dgs ogihegs prmiuot`vgs, rhsudtg shr ueg omei`o`ÿe ehohsgr`g pgrg dg hvgdugo`ÿe ih su ihshbph÷m, dg `eemvgo`ÿe y dg ihf`e`o`ÿe ih sus hstrgthj`gs hbprhsgr`gdhs. Dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg prmiuot`v`igi he ueg mrjge`zgo`ÿe puhih thehr dgs s`ju`heths vhetgags1   _h puhih hvgdugr dg hf`o`heo`g ih dg omevhrs`ÿe ih dms rhoursms. m  _h puhih s`bpd`f` s`bpd`f`ogr ogr dg pdgehgo`ÿe ih dms rhoursms. m  Dms mcaht`vms homeÿb`oms y em homeÿb`oms ih dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe puhihe m

m

rhmrjge`zgrsh pmr pr`mr`igihs.   _h puhihe bmi`f`ogr he fmrbg rhgd`stg dgs bhtgs ih dms e`vhdhs ih prmiuot`v`igi.

 

  Hs pms`cdh ihthrb`egr dgs hstrgthj`gs pgrg bhamrgr dg prmiuot`v`igi. m  [uhih gyuigr g dg ombpgrgo`ÿe ih dms e`vhdhs ih prmiuot`v`igi hetrh dgs hbprhsgs ih ueg ogthjmrâg hspho`f`og. m  Dms vgdmrhs ih prmiuot`v`igi jhehrgims ihspuàs ih ueg bhi`ig puhihe shr ñt`dhs he dg pdgehgo`ÿe ih dms e`vhdhs ih ut`d`igihs he ueg hbprhsg. m  Dg bhi`o`ÿe orhg ueg goo`ÿe ombpht`t`vg. m

 Y@[M_ IH BMIHDM_ [GSG DG BHI@O@ßE IH DG [SMIXOY@V@IGI Hetrh dms bmihdms ih prmiuot`v`igi gohptgims gotugdbheth pmihbms heometrgr hd Bmihdm ih [rmiuot`v`igi Ymtgd y hd Hefmquh ih Vgdmr Gjrhjgim. Hd Bmihdm ih [rmiuot`v`igi Ymtgd ih _ubgetn fuh ihsgrrmddgim pmr su gutmr he 70:0. Hsth bmihdm ihf`eh ueg bhi`ig ih prmiuot`v`igi tmtgd quh `eoduyh tmims dms fgotmrhs ih rhsudtgims y tmims dms fgotmrhs ih `esubms y sh cgsg he hdhbhetms tgej`cdhs (bhi`cdhs m ouget`f`ogcdhs i`rhotgbheth). gdhs  y em tge smdm Hd bmihdm prmpmro`meg âei`ohs ih prmiuot`v`igi, tgetm tmtgdhs ombm pgro` gdhs hd e`vhd gjrhjgim ih dg hbprhsg, s`em tgbc`àe g dms prmiuotms, dms prmohsms m çrhgs quh dm rhqu`hrge (ue`igihs mphrgo`megdhs).

Hd bmihdm ih prmiuot`v`igi tmtgd puhih gpd`ogrsh g ougdqu`hr mrjge`zgo`ÿe he imeih hx`stge phrsmegs m sh ushe bçqu`egs, bgthr`gdhs m hehrjâg. Hd omeohptm ih ue`igi mphrgo`megd sh gpd`og g ueg smdg phrsmeg m g ueg hbprhsg budt`ego`megd. Hd bmihdm hs ueg nhrrgb`hetg s`stàb`og pgrg bhi`r y suphrv`sgr dg prmiuot`v`igi tmtgd y dgs prmiuot`v`igihs pgro`gdhs ih dgs ue`igihs mphrgo`megdhs ih ueg hbprhsg, gsâ ombm ih dg hbprhsg he su tmtgd`igi. _h puhih ihf`e`r ombm ueg nhrrgb`hetg ih i`gjeÿst`om, pmrquh buhstrg dgs theiheo`gs ih dg prmiuot`v`igi y ueg nhrrgb`hetg prhsor`pt`vg, yg quh puhih sh÷gdgr gdjuems rhoursms ih `esubms quh em sh ut`d`zge ome hf`ogo`g y hf`o`heo`g. Hetrh dms rhsudtgims   tgej`cdhs hstçe dgs ue`igihs ombpdhtgs thrb`egigs, dgs ue`igihs pgro`gdhs thrb`egigs, dms i`v`iheims pmr `evhrs`mehs, dms `ethrhshs jgegims y mtrms `ejrhsms. Hetrh dms `esubms tgej`cdhs hstçe dms omstms ih rhoursm nubgem, hd ogp`tgd f`am y ih trgcgam, dms bgthr`gdhs, hehrjâg y mtrms. He hd bmihdm ih prmiuot`v`igi ome hefmquh ih vgdmr gjrhjgim, hd trgcgam hs dg fuheth ih hsth vgdmr y sh ihf`eh ombm dg r`quhzg jhehrgig y i`str`cu`ig, jrgo`gs gd hsfuhrzm omeauetm ih qu`hehs trgcgage he dgs hbprhsgs. Hsg r`quhzg hs rhtr`cu`ig ombm sgdgr`ms, prhstgo`mehs, prhstgo`m ehs, cme`f`ogo`mehs g dms trgcgagimrhs, m ombm ut`d`igihs g dms `evhrs`me`stgs, m ombm `ethrhshs m grrheigb`hetms gd s`sthbg f`egeo`hrm, m ombm `bpuhstms gd Hstgim, quh hs hd prmvhhimr ih dgs omei`o`mehs ehohsgr`gs pgrg dg rhgd`zgo`ÿe ihd trgcgam. [mr dm tgetm, dg rhbuehrgo`ÿe gd trgcgam yg em sh omes`ihrg ue omstm quh hs ehohsgr`m rhiuo`r s`em ue rhoursm jhehrgimr ih r`quhzg, dg ougd sh ihch ut`d`zgr tgbc`àe pgrg rhbuehrgr g gquhddms quh ometr`cuyhe g su fmrbgo`ÿe ih bgehrg quh phrb`tg dg `eodus`ÿe smo`gd y dg

 

hstgc`d`igi ih dgs hbprhsgs y ih dg homembâg. Hd omeohptm rhñeh gsâ ims gsphotms fueigbhetgdhs1 dg orhgo`ÿe y dg i`str`cuo`ÿe ih dg r`quhzg. Dg omeshouheo`g ih dg gpd`ogo`ÿe ih hsth bmihdm hs quh dgs smo`higihs sh vhe mcd`jgigs g jhehrgr ueg bmv`d`zgo`ÿe pgrg prmthjhr hd trgcgam (em ehohsgr`gbheth hd hbpdhm) y ihsgrrmddgr orhgt`vgbheth euhvgs fmrbgs ih grt`oudgo`ÿe hetrh dms hbprhsgr`ms, trgcgagimrhs y hd Hstgim he fueo`ÿe ihd `eorhbhetm ih dg prmiuot`v`igi quh hs f`egdbheth dg vgr`gcdh bçs `bpmrtgeth quh dg hbprhsg ometrmdg y dg fuheth ihd vhrigihrm ihsgrrmddm homeÿb`om. B`hetrgs bçs prmiuot`vg shg ueg homembâg bgymr, tgetm bgymr shrç su ombpht`t`v`igi he hd bhrogim `ethrego`megd y bhemr su tgsg ih ihshbpdhm. Dg bhamr hstrgthj`g pgrg dg jhehrgo`ÿe ih hbpdhm smsthe`cdh he hd dgrjm pdgzm omes`sth he prmp`o`gr ue ihsgrrmddm prmiuot`vm hqu`d`crgim y s`stàb`om, he tmrem g ue bmihdm ih prmiuoo`ÿe bmihrem, fdhx`cdh y hf`o`heth, cgsgim he hd ihsgrrmddm ihd ogp`tgd nubgem ombm fgotmr ihthrb`egeth ih dg ombpht`t`v`igi y dg i`str`cuo`ÿe hqu`tgt`vg ih dg r`quhzg ombm odgvh ih dg hqu`igi smo`gd. Dg prmiuot`v`igi ihd vgdmr gjrhjgim b`ih hd vgdmr homeÿb`om orhgim g trgvàs ih ueg shr`h ih got`v`igihs pr`bgr`gs (dmjâst`og `ethreg, mphrgo`mehs, dmjâst`og hxthreg, bhrogihm y vhetgs y shrv`o`m) y ougtrm got`v`igihs ih gpmym (`efrghstruoturg ih dg hbprhsg, gib`e`strgo`ÿe ih rhoursms nubgems, ihsgrrmddm thoemdÿj`om y gcgstho`b`hetm). Hd omeohptm ih vgdmr gjrhjgim omehotg dg prmiuot`v`igi bgorm (e`vhd ego`megd m [@C) ome dg b`orm (hbprhsgs). Dg subgtmr`g ihd vgdmr gjrhjgim ih dgs hbprhsgs ddhjg g shr dg prmiuot`v`igi ego`megd m [@C (prmiuotm `ethrem crutm). Hsth bmihdm rhiuoh dg prmiuoo`ÿe y dms `esubms ut`d`zgims g tàrb`ems bmehtgr`ms. Gd ut`d`zgr hd hstgim ih pàri`igs y jgegeo`gs ih ueg hbprhsg hd rhsudtgim ihd vgdmr ih dg prmiuoo`ÿe shrç ogdoudgim gsâ1 vgdmr ih dg prmiuoo`ÿe  2 vhetgs ehtgs + ogbc`m he hd `evhetgr`m ih prmiuotm

thrb`egim y ih prmiuotm he prmohsm. Hd vgdmr gjrhjgim m —dm rhgdbheth prmiuo`im‒ he dg hbprhsg shrç1   vgdmr gjrhjgim 2 vhetgs ehtgs + ogbc`m he hd `evhetgr`m ih prmiuotm thrb`egim y ih

prmiuotm he prmohsm - vgdmr ih dgs ombprgs nhongs g throhrms. Ih hstg bgehrg sh hxoduyh hd vgdmr ih dgs ombprgs ih bgthr`gdhs, hehrjâg y shrv`o`ms ih throhrms, dms ougdhs em sme he ue shet`im hstr`otm prmiuoo`ÿe ih dg hbprhsg. Hd vgdmr gjrhjgim sh puhih ihthrb`egr ih ims bgehrgs1 hd bàtmim ih dg rhstg (m bàtmim ih orhgo`ÿe) y hd bàtmim ih dg gi`o`ÿe (m bàtmim ih i`str`cuo`ÿe). He gbcms bàtmims hd hstgim ih pàri`igs y jgegeo`gs shrç dg cgsh pgrg dms oçdoudms.   He hd bàtmim ih dg rhstg, g dgs vhetgs ehtgs sh dhs rhstge dgs ombprgs ih bgthr`gdhs bgthr`gdhs,, dgs ombprgs ih hehrjâg y mtrgs ombprgs nhongs g throhrms. _` dg hbprhsg hs bgeufgoturhrg, hd ogbc`m he hd `evhetgr`m ih prmiuotms thrb`egims y ih prmiuotms he prmohsms, sh dh subg g dm gethr`mr pgrg mcthehr hd vgdmr gjrhjgim.

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  He hd bàtmim ih gi`o`ÿe sh subge dms omstms ih phrsmegd, omstms f`egeo`hrms f`egeo`hrms,, rhetgs, ihprho`go`ÿe, `bpuhstms, ut`d`igihs geths ih `bpuhstms y mtrms rucrms em mphrgt`vms (sh hxoduyh hd `bpuhstm g dg rhetg)

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Hd bmihdm ih vgdmr gjrhjgim1   [hrb`th ngohr ueg hvgdugo`ÿe ombpgrgt`vg ihd e`vhd ih prmiuot`v`igi ih dg mrjge`zgo`ÿe ombm ue tmim y gihbçs ombpgrgr hd vgdmr gjrhjgim ih dgs mrjge`zgo`mehs phrtheho`heths g ue b`sbm shotmr homeÿb`om.   Ngoh pms`cdhs gegd`zgr dg ometr`cuo`ÿ ometr`cuo`ÿe e ih dms rucrms ih phrsmegd, dms omstms ih ogp`tgd y dg i`str`cuo`ÿe i`str`cuo` ÿe ih ut`d`igihs g dg jhehrgo`ÿe ih dms rhsudtgims ih dg hbprhsg.   [hrb`th rhgd`zgr ueg ombpgrgo`ÿe he tàrb`ems ih dg prmiuot`v`igi ihd vgdmr gjrhjgim ihd sgdgr`m, ome dm ougd dg hbprhsg puhih ombpgrgr hd ihshbph÷m gotugd ih dg prmiuot`v`igi dgcmrgd.   Hvgdñg hd `bpgotm ih dms prmjrgbgs ih bhamrgb`hetm ih dg prmiuot`v`igi.

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GEÇD@_@_ IH _HE_@C@D@IGI He hd geçd`s`s homeÿb`om ih dg bgymr pgrth ih dms prmyhotms ih `ejhe`hrâg, rhsudtg ñt`d ihthrb`egr ouçe shes`cdh hs dg s`tugo`ÿe g dms i`st`etms fgotmrhs quh hetrge he auhjm, ih bgehrg quh sh dhs tmbh he ouhetg he fmrbg gprmp`gig he hd prmohsm ih iho`s`ÿe. He jhehrgd, shes`c`d`igi s`je`f`og dg bgje`tui rhdgt`vg ihd ogbc`m he dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg vhetgag (tgd ombm hd V[ m dg Y@S) quh mogs`meg uem m bçs ogbc`ms he dms vgdmrhs hst`bgims ih dms fgotmrhs ihd hstui`m. G vhohs, dg shes`c`d`igi sh ihf`eh ih bgehrg bçs hsphoâf`og ombm dg bgje`tui rhdgt`vg ihd ogbc`m he uem m bçs fgotmrhs quh rhvhrt`râg dg iho`s`ÿe hetrh dgs gdthregt`vgs ih ue prmyhotm m iho`s`ÿe gohrog ih dg gohptgo`ÿe homeÿb`og ih ue prmyhotm. He dms hstui`ms ih `ejhe`hrâg homeÿb`og, hd geçd`s`s ih shes`c`d`igi hs ueg bhtmimdmjâg em prmcgc`d`stg, gshqu`cdh ome fgo`d`igi, pgrg mcthehr `efmrbgo`ÿe smcrh hd `bpgotm pmtheo`gd ih dg `eohrt`iubcrh he dgs hst`bgo`mehs ih fgotmrhs shdhoo`megims. _u usm rut`egr`m hs fueigbhetgd pgrg hd ihsgrrmddm ih dg `efmrbgo`ÿe homeÿb`og quh hs ñt`d he dms prmohsms ih tmbg ih iho`s`mehs.  Gd rhgd`zgr rhgd`zgr ue geçd`s` geçd`s`ss ih she shes`c`d`igi s`c`d`igi om ombpdhtm bpdhtm sh ss`juh `juh hsth prmohi`b`het prmohi`b`hetm m jhehrgd jhehrgd,, ouyms pgsms sme1 7. Ihthrb`egr quà pgrçbhtrm(s) ih `ethràs pmirâge vgr`gr rhsphotm ihd vgdmr hst`bgim bçs prmcgcdh. 3. _hdhoo`megr hd rgejm prmcgcdh ih vgr`go`ÿe y su `eorhbhetm pgrg ogig pgrçbhtrm. ?. Hdhj`r dg bhi`ig ih vgdmr. 9. Ogdoudgr dms rhsudtgims pgrg ogig pgrçbhtrm ut`d`zgeim dg bhi`ig ih vgdmr ombm cgsh. 8. [grg `ethrprhtgr bhamr dg shes`c`d`igi, `dustrh jrçf`ogbhet jrçf`ogbheth h hd pgrçbhtrm vhrsus ddg g bhi`ig ih vgdmr.

Dg f`egd`igi ihd geçd`s`s ih shes`c`d`igi omes`sth omes `sth he bhamrgr dg ogd`igi ih dg `efmrbgo`ÿe pgrg quh hd `evhrsmr thejg ueg nhrrgb`hetg gi`o`megd pgrg iho`i`r s` `ev`hrth m em he hd prmyhotm. He hd bmbhetm ih tmbgr iho`s`mehs smcrh dg nhrrgb`hetg f`egeo`hrg he dg quh ihchbms `evhrt`r euhstrms gnmrrms, hs ehohsgr`m omemohr gdjuems bàtmims pgrg mcthehr hd jrgim ih r`hsjm quh rhprhshetg hsg `evhrs`ÿe. Hx`sth ueg fmrbg ih geçd`s`s ih usm frhouheth he dg gib`e`strgo`ÿe f`egeo`hrg ddgbgig _hes`c`d`igi, quh phrb`th v`sugd`zgr ih fmrbg `ebhi`gtg dgs vhetgags y ihsvhetgags homeÿb`ogs ih ue prmyhotm. Hsth bàtmim sh puhih gpd`ogr tgbc`àe g `evhrs`mehs quh em shge prmiuotms ih `est`tuo`mehs f`egeo`hrgs, pmr dm quh tgbc`àe hs rhombheigcdh pgrg dms ogsms he quh ue fgb`d`gr m gb`jm ems mfrhzog `evhrt`r he gdjñe ehjmo`m m prmyhotm quh ems rhi`tugrâg i`v`iheims he hd futurm. Hd geçd`s`s ih shes`c`d`igi ih ue prmyhotm ih `evhrs`ÿe hs ueg ih dgs nhrrgb`hetgs bçs

 

sheo`ddgs ih gpd`ogr y quh ems puhih prmpmro`megr dg `efmrbgo`ÿe cçs`og pgrg tmbgr ueg iho`s`ÿe gomrih gd jrgim ih r`hsjm quh iho`igbms gsub`r. He tmim prmyhotm sh trgcgag ome gdjuems fgotmrhs smcrh dms quh sh t`heh pmihr ih iho`s`ÿe (vgr`gcdhs ometrmdgcdhs), y mtrms smcrh dms quh sÿdm sh puhihe rhgd`zgr hst`bgo`mehs (vgr`gcdhs em ometrmdgcdhs). Ih gouhrim g dm gethr`mr pmihbms ihf`e`r gd geçd`s`s ih shes`c`d`igi ombm hd prmohsm ih bhi`o`ÿe ih vgr`gcdhs quh gfhotge hd ihsgrrmddm ihd prmyhotm ih `evhrs`ÿe. Gdjuegs ih dgs vgr`gcdhs ometrmdgcdhs `eomrpmrgigs gd pdge sme1

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[rho`m [rmiuotm Dmjâst`og [rmbmo`ÿe

Dgs pr`eo`pgdhs vgr`gcdhs em ometrmdgcdhs he ue prmyhotm sme1

  Ombphtheo`g   Omesub`imrhs   Hetmrem homeÿb`om, pmdât`om, dhjgd, hto.   

Xe geçd`s`s ih shes`c`d`igi t`heh ombm f`egd`igi hvgdugr hd `bpgotm quh dms igtms ih hetrgig m ih dgs rhstr`oo`mehs hspho`f`ogigs g ue bmihdm ihf`e`im, t`hehe he hd rhsudtgim f`egd m he dgs vgr`gcdhs ih sgd`ig ihd bmihdm, hstm hs subgbheth vgd`msm he hd prmohsm ih i`sh÷m ih prmiuotms m shrv`o`ms y he su geçd`s`s ih v`gc`d`igi f`egeo`hrg. Hsth bàtmim ih hvgdugo`ÿe ombc`egim ome dgs thoemdmjâgs ih `efmrbgo`ÿe fmrbg ueg nhrrgb`hetg buy pmihrmsg pgrg dms tmbgimrhs ih iho`s`mehs. Ougeim sh hvgdñg ue prmyhotm ih `evhrs`ÿe, hs ombpd`ogim trgtgr ih ihthrb`egr quh puhih mourr`r he hd futurm, y oÿbm sh vge g ombpmrtgr dgs i`st`etgs vgr`gcdhs quh fmrbge pgrth ih àsth. Ih dm gethr`mr, surjh dg ehohs`igi ih omestru`r i`fhrheths hsohegr`ms s`tugo`mehs, quh pui`hrge prhshetgrsh iurgeth dg hahouo`ÿe ihd prmyhotm. Hstms hsohegr`ms m s`tugo`mehs sh rhdgo`mege ome gsphotms homeÿb`oms, pmdât`oms, smo`gdhs, gbc`hetgdhs, dhjgdhs quh gfhotge ih bgehrgs i`rhotgs dg hvmduo`ÿe ihd prmyhotm y quh dm pmehe he r`hsjm. Xeg fmrbg ih v`sugd`zgr hd ombpmrtgb`hetm ih hstms hsohegr`ms, hs g trgvàs ih hahro`o`ms ih s`budgo`ÿe gpmygims pmr ngriwgrh y smftwgrh hspho`gd`zgim, quh ems phrb`th vhr hd ombpmrtgb`hetm ih dgs vgr`gcdhs he ue bmbhetm y dujgr ihthrb`egim. pmr supuhstm, dm gethr`mr em qu`hrh iho`r quh hd prmcdhbg sh smduo`megrç ih fmrbg gutmbçt`og s` àsth ddhjg g suohihr.

 

Hstgs nhrrgb`hetgs ems phrb`the thehr ueg v`s`ÿe bçs ohrogeg ih dm quh pui`hrg mourr`r, pgrg trgtgr ih `bpdhbhetgr gdjuegs smduo`mehs hstgcdho`igs ome gethr`mr`igi, rhomrihbms quh hstgbms ngcdgeim ih vgr`gcdhs y smcrh gdjuegs ih hddgs em thehbms ometrmd. [grg hsth geçd`s`s hx`sthe i`fhrheths bàtmims quh buhstrge dgs vgr`go`mehs ih dms rhei`b`hetms, ihc`im g dg vgr`go`ÿe ih gdjuem ih dms fgotmrhs quh ihthrb`ege dg ut`d`igi, g sgchr1 - Bàtmim `efmrbgd1 hd gegd`stg rhgd`zg ueg gprho`go`ÿe ome rhsphotm g dg hstgc`d`igi ih dms prho`ms. - Çrcmd ih iho`s`ÿe1 sh buhstrge buhstrg e dms futurms puetms ih iho`s`ÿe y dms pms`cdhs nhonms `eo`hrtms, he ouym ogsm ogig gdthregt`vg sh prhshetg ombm ueg rgbg ihd çrcmd. - Bmihdm Bmeth Ogrdm1 v`eoudg dgs shes`c`d`igihs y dgs i`str`cuo`mehs ih prmcgc`d`igihs ih dgs vgr`gcdhs ih `esubm. Ome hstg hvgdugo`ÿe hs pms`cdh ouget`f`ogr y gegd`zgr hsohegr`ms gdthregt`vms gubhetgeim gsâ dg ohrt`iubcrh ihd rhsudtgim g gdogezgr he dms prmyhotms ih `evhrs`ÿe.

_@BXDGO@ßE

Dg s`budgo`ÿe hs ue bàtmim pgrg gohrogrsh g dg rhgd`igi. _u ut`d`igi hs bñdt`pdh he hspho`gd pgrg dms prmpÿs`tms hiuogo`megdhs, ih ogpgo`tgo`ÿe y ih `evhst`jgo`ÿe.  Guequh dg pgdgcrg s`budgo`ÿe sh gpd`og g i`vhrsgs fmrbgs ih omestruoo`ÿe ih bmihdms, ombm dgs ih p`eturgs y hsoudturg ihd Shego`b`hetm, dms bmihdms g hsogdg ih gv`mehs suphrsÿe`oms y dms bmihdms he ombputgimrg ih dms prmohsms omjemso`t`vms, t`heh gnmrg ue jrge s`je`f`ogim he dgs o`heo`gs fâs`ogs y he dgs ihd ombpmrtgb`hetm. Hd omeohptm ih dg s`budgo`ÿe sh or`stgd`zg g pr`eo`p`ms ih dms g÷ms 708; ougeim sh i`m ueg jrge `bpmrtgeo`g gd prmohsm ih i`v`i`r he pgrths g ue prmcdhbg pgrg hxgb`egr dg `ethrgoo`ÿe s`budtçehg ih tmigs hddgs. Dg s`budgo`ÿe n`zm pms`cdh ddhvgr g ogcm geçd`s`s `ethjrgims he su tmtgd`igi ih dms s`sthbgs, dms ougdhs smdâge shr ihbgs`gim ombpdhams pgrg ngohrsh gegdât`ogbheth. _nuc`l ihf`eh g dg s`budgo`ÿe ih ue s`sthbg ombm dg mphrgo`ÿe ih ue bmihdm, hd ougd hs ueg rhprhshetgo`ÿe ihd s`sthbg. Hsth bmihdm puhih suahtgrsh g bge`pudgo`mehs quh shrâge `bpms`cdhs ih rhgd`zgr, ihbgs`gim omstmsgs m prçot`ogs. Dg mphrgo`ÿe ih ue bmihdm puhih hstui`grsh y ome hddm, `efhr`rsh dgs prmp`higihs omeohre`heths gd ombpmrtgb`hetm ihd s`sthbg rhgd. Dg s`budgo`ÿe ih s`sthbgs he ueg ombputgimrg mfrhoh ue bàtmim pgrg gegd`zgr hd ombpmrtgb`hetm ih ue s`sthbg. Guequh dms s`sthbgs vgrâge he sus ogrgothrâst`ogs y ombpdha`igihs, dg sâeths`s ih `efmrbgo`ÿe ih bmihdms, hs dg o`heo`g ih dg ombputgo`ÿe y dgs tàoe`ogs hstgiâst`ogs hstgiâst`og s quh rhprhshetg hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe omest`tuyhe ue ñt`d bàtmim pgrg gprheihr smcrh dgs ogrgothrâst`ogs y ombpdha`igihs h `bpmehrdhs ueg hstruoturg.

 

Dg s`budgo`ÿe hs hsheo`gdbheth ueg tàoe`og quh hesh÷g g omestru`r hd bmihdm ih ueg s`tugo`ÿe rhgd guegig g dg rhgd`zgo`ÿe ih hxphr`bhetms ome hd bmihdm. Hstg ihf`e`o`ÿe hs gbpd`g y puhih ombprheihr s`tugo`mehs gpgrhethbheth em rhdgo`megigs hetrh sâ, ombm dms s`budgimrhs ih vuhdm, auhjms b`d`tgrhs, auhjms ih jhrheo`g, bmihdms fâs`oms ih râms, bmihdms homembàtr`oms, i`vhrsms i`spms`t`vms hdàotr`oms gegdÿj`oms y pruhcgs ih ghrmpdgems he tñehdhs ghrmi`eçb`oms. Hd fueigbhetm rgo`megd pgrg usgr dg s`budgo`ÿe he ougdqu`hr i`so`pd`eg hs dg cñsquhig omestgeth ihd nmbcrh pmr giqu`r`r omemo`b`hetms rhdgt`vms g dg prhi`oo`ÿe ihd futurm. Hd prmcdhbg ih vgd`igr bmihdms ih s`budgo`ÿe hs i`fâo`d, yg quh `bpd`og ue s`eeñbhrm ih ombpdha`igihs ih t`pm prgot`om, thÿr`om, hstgiâst`om h `eodus`vh f`dmsÿf`om. Hd mcaht`vm mcaht`vm   `ihgd hs mpt`b`zgr hd rhei`b`hetm ihd s`sthbg, dm ougd supmeh ometrmdgr gdjñe gsphotm ih ue s`sthbg ih bgehrg quh sh puhig mcthehr hd bhamr rhei`b`hetm pms`cdh. [mr dm jhehrgd gdjuems gsphotms ihd s`sthbg quhige fuhrg ihd ometrmd ihd gegd`stg, y hstms gsphotms g bheuim `bpmehe rhstr`oo`mehs smcrh hd ombpmrtgb`hetm ihd s`sthbg, dms ougdhs hxoduyhe g ueg mpt`b`zgo`ÿe `d`b`tgig. He tgdhs ogsms, hd mcaht`vm hs mpt`b`zgr dg hahouo`ÿe suahtg g dgs rhstr`oo`mehs. Y@[M_ IH _@BXDGO@ME Ihetrm ih dm quh hs s`budgo`ÿe dms gutmrhs Ymdhim y _get`gjm heouhetrge ougtrm i`fhrheths t`pms ih s`budgo`ÿe, dgs ougdhs sh i`v`ihe he ims jrupms1

7.

_`budgo`mehs quh hesh÷ge gohrog ih ueg s`tugo`ÿe1 _`budgo`mehs Fâs`ogs

3.

_`budgo`mehs ih [rmohsms

_`budgo`mehs quh hesh÷ge g rhgd`zgr gdjueg s`tugo`ÿe1

_`budgo`mehs ih [rmohi`b`hetms

_`budgo`mehs _`tugo`megdhs

_`budgo`mehs quh hesh÷ge gohrog ih ueg s `tugo`ÿe 1   _`budgo`mehs Fâs`ogs.

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He ueg s`budgo`ÿe fâs`og dg ombputgimrg, hd mcahtm m fheÿbhem hs rhprhshetgim he dg pgetgddg, mfrho`heim g dgs phrsmegs dg mpmrtue`igi ih gprheihr smcrh àd, hs iho`r, hd prmpÿs`tm ih hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe s`budgo`ÿ e hs hesh÷gr g dgs phrsmegs ombm fueo`meg gdjm. He hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe dgs phrsmegs puhihe trgtgr ih omemohr ouçd shrç hd rhsudtgim s` ogbc`grge gdjueg rhgoo`ÿe m bmv`b`hetm. Ygbc`àe puhihe ngohr e  eñbhrm ih `ethetms quh he dg rhgd`igi em pmirâge.

 

Ih hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe sh puhihe tmbgr ombm hahbpdm ue hxphr`bhetm bhoçe`om, gquâ hd hstui`geth dgezg ue mcahtm. Àd puhih vgr`gr dg vhdmo`igi hd çejudm y mtrms pgrçbhtrms. Hd hstui`geth `evhst`jg ougd shrâg hd rhsudtgim s` sh ogbc`g dg vhdmo`igi (bçs rçp`ig m bçs dhetg) hd çejudm, Dg vhetgag ih hstgs s`budgo`mehs quh hd hstui`geth puhih ngohr vgr`ms `ethetms pgrg mcthehr i`fhrheths rhsudtgims, em quh em pmirâg rhgd`zgr he ue dgcmrgtmr`m, yg quh he hsth sh t`hehe d`b`tgo`mehs pmr em pmihr bge`pudgr dg vhdmo`igi, hd mcahtm u mtrms pgrçbhtrms.   _`budgo`mehs ih [rmohsms.

•

Hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe sh ut`d`zg jhehrgdbheth pgrg `efmrbgr g dgs phrsmegs gohrog ih ue prmohsm m omeohptm quh em bge`f`hstg v`s`cdhbheth. He hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe dg phrsmeg hsomjh ihsih hd pr`eo`p`m ih dg s`budgo`ÿe dms vgdmrhs y pgrçbhtrms, y puhih ogbc`grdms ougeim dm ihshh ngstg dmjrgr bhamr rhsudtgim. rhgd`zgr gdj gdj ueg s` tugo` tugo` ÿe1 _`budgo`mehs quh hesh÷ge oÿbm rhgd`zgr

  _`budgo`mehs ih [rmohi`b`hetms

•

Hd prmpÿs`tm ih dgs s`budgo`mehs ih prmohi`b`hetms hs quh dgs phrsmegs gprheige ueg shouheo`g ih goo`mehs quh omest`tuyhe ue prmohi`b`hetm, hs iho`r, hesh÷gr g dgs phrsmegs ombm ngohr gdjm. Hsth t`pm ih s`budgo`ÿe frhouhethbheth rhqu`hrh dg s`budgo`ÿe ih mcahtms. Dg ougd phrb`th g dgs phrsmegs omemohr h `evhst`jgr ogig pgsm quh sh ihch shju`r pgrg dmjrgr hd mcaht`vm ih dg s`budgo`ÿe. Gd `jugd quh he dms mtrms puhih `ethetgr i`fhrheths pgsms pgrg dmjrgr hd prmohi`b`hetm bçs gihougim m quh bçs dh omevhejg. m

  _`budgo`mehs _`tugo`megdhs _`tugo`megdhs  

Dgs s`budgo`mehs s`tugo`megdhs trgtge ome dgs got`tuihs y hd ombpmrtgb`hetm quh ihche gsub`r dgs phrsmegs geth ueg s`tugo`ÿe m prmcdhbçt`og. G i`fhrheo`g ih dgs s`budgo`mehs ih prmohi`b`hetms, dgs ougdhs hesh÷ge ueg shr`h ih rhjdgs, dgs s`budgo`mehs s`tugo`megdhs phrb`the g dgs phrsmegs tmbgr i`fhrheths rmdhs geth ueg s`tugo`ÿe y hxpdmrgr sus hfhotms. VHEYGAG_ IH DG _@BXDGO@ßE [grg Onuej (3;;?), dg s`budgo`ÿe t`heh chehf`o`ms hsphoâf`oms, tgdhs ombm1 m

  Hxphr`bhetgo`ÿe he t`hbpm ombpr`b`im1 Ihc`im g quh hd bmihdm sh s`budg he ueg ombputgimrg, sh puhihe rhgd`zgr s`budgo`mehs hxphr`bhetgdhs he t`hbpm ombpr`b`im. Hstg hs ueg jrge vhetgag pmrquh gdjuems prmohsms puhihe tgrigr bhshs m `eodusm g÷ms he ombpdhtgrsh. Dms t`hbpms dgrjms ih prmohsgb`hetm ihd s`sthbg puhihe i`f`oudtgr m `eodusm `bpms`c`d`tgr hd geçd`s`s rmcustm. Ome ue bmihdm ih ombputgimrg, dg mphrgo`ÿe y dg `ethrgoo`ÿe ih prmohsms dgrjms sh puhihe s`budgr he shjueims. Hstm tgbc`àe s`je`f`og quh dgs rhpht`o`mehs bñdt`pdhs ih ogig hahouo`ÿe ih dg s`budgo`ÿe sh puhihe rhgd`zgr fço`dbheth pgrg gubhetgr dg omef`gc`d`igi hstgiâst`og hstgi âst`og ihd geçd`s`s. [mr dm tgetm, gnmrg sh puhihe hstui`gr s`sthbgs quh geths hrge `bpms`cdhs ih gegd`zgr ih fmrbg rmcustg.

 

  Shqu`s`tms gegdât`oms rhiuo`ims1 Hd givhe`b`hetm ih dgs bhtmimdmjâgs ih s`budgo`ÿe ng phrb`t`im g dms prmfhs`megdhs hstui`gr i`eçb`ogbheth dms s`sthbgs he t`hbpm rhgd iurgeth dgs s`budgo`mehs. Gihbçs, dms pgquhths ih smftwgrh hsphoâf`oms ih s`budgo`ÿe s`bpd`f`oge dms oçdoudms ih fmeim y rhqu`s`tms ih prmjrgbgo`ÿe. m  Bmihdms fço`dbheth ihbmstrgims1 Dg bgymrâg ih dms pgquhths ih smftwgrh hsphoâf`oms ih s`budgo`ÿe pmshhe dg ogpgo`igi ih ge`bgr i`eçb`ogbheth dg mphrgo`ÿe ihd bmihdm. Dg ge`bgo`ÿe hs ñt`d tgetm pgrg ihpurgr hd bmihdm ombm pgrg ihbmstrgr oÿbm fueo`meg hd bmihdm. Dg ihpurgo`ÿe cgsgig he ge`bgo`ÿe phrb`th mcshrvgr fço`dbheth fgddgs he dg dÿj`og ihd bmihdm. Hd usm ih ueg ge`bgo`ÿe iurgeth ueg prhshetgo`ÿe puhih gyuigr g hstgcdhohr dg orhi`c`d`igi ihd bmihdm y sh puhih ut`d`zgr pgrg ihsor`c`r hd fueo`megb`hetm y dg `ethrgoo`ÿe ih dms prmohsms ihd s`sthbg s`budtçehgbheth. Hstm `eoduyh ihbmstrgr i`eçb`ogbheth oÿbm hd bmihdm ihd s`sthbg bgehag i`fhrheths s`tugo`mehs. m

IH_VHEYGAG_ IH DG _@BXDGO@ßE Ygbc`àe dg s`budgo`ÿe prhshetg gdjuegs ihsvhetgags omes`ihrgcdhs, dgs ougdhs sme1 m

  Dg s`budgo`ÿe em puhih igr rhsudtgims prho`sms ougeim dms igtms ih hetrgig sme `ehxgotms 1 Em `bpmrtg ouçe cuhem shg hd bmihdm ihsgrrmddgim, s` hd bmihdm em t`heh

igtms ih hetrgig prho`sms, hd usugr`m em puhih rgzmegcdhbheth hsphrgr mcthehr igtms ih sgd`ig prho`sms. m  Dg s`budgo`ÿe em puhih prmpmro`megr rhspuhstgs fço`dhs g prmcdhbgs ombpdhams 1  Gdjuems gegd`stgs puhihe orhhr quh ue geçd`s`s ih s`budgo`ÿe prmpmro`m prmpmro`megrç egrç rhspuhstgs s`bpdhs g prmcdhbgs ombpdhams. Ih nhonm, hs bçs prmcgcdh quh sh rhqu`hrge rhspuhstgs ombpdhags pgrg prmcdhbgs ombpdhams. _` hd s`sthbg gegd`zgim t`heh buonms ombpmeheths h `ethrgoo`mehs, hs prmcgcdh quh dg bhamr gdthregt`vg ih pmdât`og ih mphrgo`ÿe m ih rhoursms omes`ihrh ogig hdhbhetm ihd s`sthbg. s`st hbg. Hs pms`cdh ngohr supms`o`mehs s`bpd`f`ogimrgs ome hd prmpÿs`tm ih ihsgrrmddgr ue bmihdm rgzmegcdh he ue t`hbpm rgzmegcdh. m  Dg _`budgo`ÿe pmr sâ smdg em puhih rhsmdvhr prmcdhbgs 1 _h puhih orhhr quh dg rhgd`zgo`ÿe ih ue bmihdm ih s`budgo`ÿe y ue prmyhotm ih geçd`s`s rhsmdvhrçe hd prmcdhbg. Dg s`budgo`ÿe pmr sâ smdg em rhsuhdvh hd prmcdhbg. [rmpmro`meg g dg jhrheo`g smduo`mehs pmtheo`gdhs pgrg smduo`megr hd prmcdhbg.  G[D@OGO@MEH_  G[D@OGO @MEH_ IH DG _@BXDGO@ßE Dgs çrhgs ih gpd`ogo`ÿe pgrg dg s`budgo`ÿe sme eubhrmsgs y i`vhrsgs. _h buhstrg ueg d`stg ih gdjuems t`pms pgrt`oudgrhs ih prmcdhbgs prmcd hbgs pgrg dms quh sh ng heometrgim quh dg s`budgo`ÿe hs ueg nhrrgb`hetg ñt`d y pmihrmsg (Dgw, 3;;>). • I`sh÷m y geçd`s`s ih s`sthbgs ih bgeufgoturg.   • Hvgdugo`ÿe ihd s`sthbg ih grbgs b`d`tgrhs y sus rhqu`s`tms dmjâst`oms. • Ihthrb`ego`ÿe ih rhquhr`b`hetms ih ngriwgrh m prmtmomdms pgrg rhihs ih

ombue`ogo`ÿe.

 

• Ihthrb`ego`ÿe ih rhquhr`b`hetms ih ngriwgrh y smftwgrh pgrg ue s`sthbg ih

ombputgimrg. • I`sh÷m y  mphrgo`ÿe ih s`sthbgs ih trgespmrth ombm ghrmpuhrtms, gutmp`stgs y

puhrtms. •  Hvgdugo`ÿe ih i`sh÷ms pgrg mrjge`zgo`mehs ih shrv`o`ms ombm rhstgurgeths ih

omb`ig rçp`ig, nmsp`tgdhs y mf`o`egs. • Sh`ejhe`hrâg ih prmohsms ih ehjmo`ms. • Geçd`s`s ih dg ogiheg ih sub`e`strm. • Ihthrb`egr dgs pmdât`ogs ih phi`im pgrg ue s`sthbg ih `evhetgr`m.   • Geçd`s`s ih ih mphrgo`me mphrgo`mehs hs b`ehrg b`ehrgs. s.

 

  Fuheths c`cd`mjrçf`ogs

On`ehr H. (3;73)  (3;73)  Dg bhi`o`ÿe. nttps1//rug.ug.hs/ispgoh/c`tstrhgb/7;;98/70?>;/3/Yhbg%3;3-Bhi`o`%O?%C?e.pif (bgym 3;3;) Bmrgdhs _. O. y G. Bgs`s (3;79) Dg (3;79) Dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg prmiuot`v`igi ihd vgdmr gjrhjgim. Yho hbprhsgr`gd.  (>)1 97-90 p Bhi`eg A. H. (3;;:)  (3;;:)  Bmihdm @ethjrgd ih [rmiuot`v`igi. Xe`vhrs`igi _hrj`m Grcmdhig. Cmjmtç. I. O. 3>-?3 p Bhrthes D. (7000)  (7000)  Dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg prmiuot`v`igi ombm rhfhrheth ih dg fmrbgo`meogpgo`tgo`me grt`oudgig ome hd gprhei`zgah mrjge`zgo`megd. Bàx`om. 3-9 p Cdgel D. y G. Ygrqu`e (3;;6) @ejhe`hrâg (3;;6)  @ejhe`hrâg Homeÿb`og. _hxtg hi`o`ÿe. BoJrgw-N`dd. Bàx`om. 6;6-677 p. Dgw G. B. (3;;>) _`budgt`me Bmihd`ej gei Gegdys`s. Fmurtn Hi`t`me. BoJrgw-N`dd. @ei`g. Onuej O. G. (3;;?) _`budgt`me (3;;?) _`budgt`me bmihd`ej ngeicmml1 g prgot`ogd gpprmgon, F`rst Hi`t`me. OSO [rhss. _nuc`l B. (7080)  (7080)  —_`budgt`me gei tnh Ynhmry mf tnh F`rb‒. Ometr`cut`me tm _o`het`f`o Shshgron `e Bgejhbhet. Xe`. Mf. Ogd`fmre`g, Dms Gejhdhs (O`tgim pmr Egydmr Y. (70:?) —Yhoe`ogs ih s`budgo`ÿe he ombputgimrgs‒. Hi`tmr`gd D`busg. Bàx`om. ?0; p). Cgog J. (3;;6) Hvgdugo`ÿe ih prmyhotms. 8ª hi`o`ÿe. BoJrgw N`dd. Bàx`om. Bmrgdhs G. y A. Bmrgdhs (3;;0) [rmyhotms ih `evhrs`ÿe. Hvgdugo`ÿe y fmrbudgo`ÿe. BoJrgw N`dd1 Bàx`om. Ogchzg B. L y O. A. Jmezçdhz (3;73) Bmihdm (3;73)  Bmihdm pgrg dg bhi`o`ÿe ih dg prmiuot`v`igi ih dg [PBH ihd shotmr bgeufgoturhrm ih Hd _gdvgimr. Xe`vhrs`igi ihd _gdvgimr. _ge _gdvgimr. 33 p. _ubgetn, I. (700;) @ejhe`hrâg (700;) @ejhe`hrâg y Gib`e`strgo`ÿe ih dg [rmiuot`v`igi. Bo Jrgw N`dd, Bàx`om. 89: p. [àrhz Q. _. (3;7:)  (3;7:)  @bpmrtgeo`g ih bhi`r dg prmiuot`v`igi he dgs mrjge`zgo`mehs. [rhz`. nttps1//prhz`.omb/c:;7?a0xpx00/`bpmrtgeo`g-ih-bhi`r-dg-prmiuot`v`igi-he-dgsmrjge`zgo`mehs/ (bgym 3;3;)