Turbinas de Vapor Problemas 5

 

 XM^]MJQG  XM^]MJ QG NEXXM NEXXMNVGCMLV NVGCMLVM M JE^ ^IK ^IK]IMLVM^ ]IMLVM^ T TXEHJMCG XEHJMCG^  ^ 

7. Mj vgper vgper fm gkug gkug qum mltrg mltrg g ulg turhi turhilg lg fm ul ninje ninje fm Xglbi Xglbilm lm sm mlnumlt mlnumltrg rg g 64 hgrms hgrms 664 ´ N, sm mxpglfm ml jg turhilg `gstg ; hgrms, pestmriercmltm pestmriercmltm sm rmngjimltm `gstg 664 ´ N y ailgjcmltm sm mxpglfm `gstg 4.40 hgrms. Fmtmrcilm? g) jg ngjifgf g jg sgjifg fm jg turhilg, y h) jg mainimlnig tércing.  Fgtes  T> 3 64 hgrms

V > 3 664 ´ N   T6  3 ;hgrms V 6 3 664 ´ N   T= 3 4.40 hgrms V = 3 664 ´ N   T1 3 4.40 hgrms P 1  3 5 g µ  P  h) λV 35    ^ejuniþl.

Tml Tmlsmc smces es qum mj figkrgc figkrgcgg V „ ^ fmj nin ninje je ms qum sm cumstrg cumstrg ml jg aik. Mj ninje Xglbilm Xglbilm nel rmngjmltgcimlte mstç aercgfe per jes sikuimltms prenmses? ml mj mstgfe ilinigj 7, mj ajuife fm trghgoe ms jãquife sgturgfe y utijizglfe ulg hechg sm jm ilnrmcmltg jg prmsiþl y sm gjnglzg mj mstgfe 8, qum ms jg mltrgfg gj kmlmrgfer fm vgper. Ml éstm sm jm sucilistrg ngjer per pricmrg vmz `gstg mj mstgfe >, qum nerrmspelfm g vgper sehrmngjmltgfe. @gy ul pricmr prenmse fm mxpglsiþl ml jg mtgpg fm gjtg prmsiþl fm jg

turhilg, > „ 6, fmj nugj sgjm mj vgper y sm rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm, prenmse 6 „ =. ^m vumjvm g iltrefunir  g jg smkulfg mtgpg fm jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl `gstg gjnglzgr mj mstgfe 1. Mj trghgoe sm prefunm ml jgs fes mtgpgs fm jg turhilg. Ailgjcmltm mj prenmse fm nelfmlsgniþl fmj ajuife ms fm 1 „ 7, mstm ms g prmsiþl nelstgltm.  Ilinimces mj glçjisis ml jg mltrgfg fm jg turhilg, nel jes fgtes fm prmsiþl y tmcpmrgturg ml > y fm tghjgs fm vgper fm gkug?  p>3 64  y ¯ V >3 664 ´   bO    bO  ∶ `>3>>4;  2 ^ >31.946 bk bk B  Mj prenmse > „ 6 sm jjmvg g nghe ml jg turhilg fm gjtg prmsiþl, jg nugj sm nelsifmrg ismltrþping per je tglte?

 

^>3 ^ 6 Nel jg prmsiþl fm ; hgr, nerrmspelfimltm gj mstgfe 6, sm mlnumltrg ml jjgg tghjg fm vgper fm gkug?

V 63846 ´ y `6 3 80=6

 bO  bk

 Tgrg mj mstgfe = sm nelenm tglte jg prmsiþl nece jg tmcpmrgturg per nelsikuimltm?

`= 3>>=>

bO    bO    y ^ =3;.;=; bk bk B 

 Mj pulte = ms jg mltrgfg g jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl, ml éstg mj prenmse ms ismltrepine, gsã?

^=3 ^ 1 Nel mj vgjer fm prmsiþl ailgj fm 4,40 hgrms sm mlnumltrg ml tghjgs qum mj ajuife ms ulg cmznjg fm jãquife y vgper per je qum?   bO    bO  ^a 34.=9>  2 ^ k3;.1>1 bk B  bk B  g)  Ter je tglte jg ngjifgf g jg sgjifg fm jg tturhilg urhilg ms?

 P 1 3

^ k∘ ^ a  3 ^k

;.1>1

  bO    bO   ∘ 4.=9> bk B  bk B  3 4.988 398.8 98.8 %   bO  ;.1>1 bk B 

 Jg mltgjpig nerrmspelfimltm g mstm mstgfe ms fm?  bO  `1 38680 bk  Tgrg mj mstgfe ilinigj 7, jg mltgjpig fm jãquife sgturgfe g mstg ciscg prmsiþl ms?

`7 37;6 bO  bk  Mj trghgoe qum rmgjizg jg hechg sehrm mj ajuife ms?

∁ [ h3 v ( p8 ∘ p 7 )3

7 nc

kr

>

( 64∘ 4.40 ) ¯µ

>

bTg ∘ c  bO  ∁ [ h3 6.4>   36 bk bk  Jg mltgjpig gj ailgj fmj prenmse fm hechme ms?

∁ [ h3` 8∘`7 ∶ `8 3∁ [ h + `7

 

`8 3∁ [ h + `736

h)

λ3

 bO   bO   bO  + 7;6 37;0 bk bk bk

 Jg mainimlnig tércing fmj ninje ms?

∁ [ V ∘∁ [ h ∁ q∗ .

λV 3

(

>>4;

(

3

( ` ∘`  ) +( ` ∘` ) ∘∁ [ h ( ` ∘` ) + ( ` ∘ ` ) >

8

>

)( )(

 bO   bO  ∘80=6 + bk bk

>>4;

=

6

=

>>=>

 bO   bO  ∘7;0 + bk bk

1

6

)

 bO  bO   bO  ∘ 8680 ∘6 bk bk bk

>>=>

 bO   bO  ∘80=6 bk bk

)

 bO  bk λV 3 34.>;0; 3 >;.9 >;.9 % bO  >180 bk 7>;6

8.

Ml ul ninj ninje e Xglbilm Xglbilm fm 84 C[ fm pet petmlni mlnig g sm kmlmrg kmlmrg vgper g 764 h hgrms grms  y =14´  , pestmriercmltm `gy ul rmngjmltgcimlte g 7= hgrms y =64 ´  y  y sm nelfmlsg mj vgper g 4.41 hgrms. Fmtmrcilm? g) Mj ngjer sucilistrgfe2 sucilistrgfe2 h) jg mainimlnig tércing2 n) mj kgste cçsine fmj vgper, y f) mj kgste cçsine fmj  gkug gku g fm mla mlarig rigci cimlt mlte e rmq rmqumr umrife ife ml mj nelfml nelfmlsgf sgfer er si mj gku gkug g mxp mxpmri mricm cmltg ltg ulg mjmvgn mjmvgniþl iþl fm tmcpmrgturg fm 74 ´ 

 Fgtes Ninje Xglbilm  p= 3 7= hgrms V = 3 =64 ´   p> 3 764 hgrms V > 3 =14 ´   p13 p 7 3 4.41 hgrms ˙  3 84C[  [  g) ∁ q ∗ .35

h µ λ 35 n µ  c ˙ 35 f µ  c ˙  @  Emla . 35 s i ∁ V  374 ´  8

 

 ^ejuniþl. Mj ninje Xglbilm nel rmngjmltgcimlte mstç aercgfe per jes sikuimltms prenmses? ml mj mstgfe ilinigj 

7 mj ajuife fm trghgoe ms jãquife sgturgfe y gj utijizgr ulg hechg sm jm ilnrmcmltg jg prmsiþl `gstg gjnglzgr  mj mstgfe 8, qum ms jg mltrgfg mltrgfg g jg ngjfmrg qum kmlmrg kmlmrg mj vgper. Ml éstm sm jm sucilistrg ngjer ilinigjcmltm `gstg mj mstgfe >, qum nerrmspelfm g vgper sehrmngjmltgfe. @gy ul pricmr prenmse fm mxpglsiþl, jg mtgpg fm gjtg prmsiþl fm jg turhilg, prenmse > „ 72 sm sgng mj vgper y sm rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm, prenmse 6 „ =. ^m vumjvm g iltrefunir g jg mtgpg fm hgog prmsiþl fm jg turhilg, `gstg gjnglzgr mj mstgfe 1. Ailgjcmltm mj   prenmse fm nelfmlsgniþl fmj ajuife ms mj 1 „ 7, pgrg jekrgrje sm lmnmsitg utijizgr ul ngchigfer fm ngjer e nelfmlsgfer, mstm prenmse ms g prmsiþl nelstgltm. Mj figkrgcg V „ s fmj ninje fm Xglbilm sm cumstrg ml jg  aikurg.

 

 Mj glçjisis fmj prehjmcg, ilinig ili nig g pgrtir fmj mstgfe >, qum jm nerrmspelfm g jg mltrgfg fm jg j g turhilg fm gjtg  prmsiþl. Nel fgtes fm prmsiþl y tmcpmrgturg sm fmtmrcilg fm tghjgs jes vgjerms fm?

`> 3>601

 bO    bO  2 ^> 31.=96 bk bk B 

 Ml jg turhilg mj prenmse ms ismltrepine, ms fmnir, fm mltrepãg nelstgltm, fm tgj cglmrg qum?

^>3 ^ 6 ^m nelenm jg prmsiþl fm mstm mstgfe, qum ms fm 7= hgrms, mltelnms? ` 63801=

 bO   2 V  3881 ´  bk 6

 Ml mj prenmse 6 „ =  sm rmngjimltg mj vgper pgrg Éstm tgchiél ms ikugj g ilkrmsgr g`erg g jg turhilg fm hgog  prmsiþl. Mj mstgfe = sm ehtimlm nel jg tmcpmrgturg y jg prmsiþl prepernielgfgs, mste ms?

`= 3>=17

  bO  bO   2 ^=3 ;.104= bk B  bk

 Jg turhilg ms ismltrþping  y  sm nelenm su prmsiþl ailgj fm trghgoe fm  p13 p 73µ 4.41 hgrms, hgrms, fm tghjgs sm timlm qum?

^a 34.=87

  bO    bO   2 ^ k30.>> bk B  bk B 

 Ter tglte, jg ngjifgf fmj vgper ml mstm mstgfe ms fm?

  bO    bO    bO  ∘4.=87 ;.7=9= ^ ∘ ^ a  bk B  bk B  bk B  3 34.9710 397  x 13 = 3 97.; .; %   bO    bO  ^ k ∘^ a    bO  ∘4.=87 ;.049 0.>> bk B  bk B  bk B  ;.104=

 Mj vgjer fm jg mltgjpig nerrmspelfimltm ms?

`1 38>1;

 bO  bk

 Tgrg mj pulte ilinigj 7, qum ms jãquife sgturgfe, jg mltgjpig ms fm?

 bO  `7 37=8 bk  Mj trghgoe qum rmgjizg jg hechg sehrm mj ajuife sm mxprmsg per?

∁ [ h3 v ( p8 ∘ p 7 )3

7 nc

kr

>

 µ

 

>

 bTg ∘c bO  ∁ [ h376.7>>9   376.7>>9 bk bk Vgchiél ms ikugj g? ∁ [ h3` 8∘`7 ∶ `8 3∁ [ h + `7

`8 3∁ [ h + `7376.7>>9

bO 

+ 7=8

bk g)

3711.7>>9

bk

bO  bk

Mj ng ngjer jer sm ssucil ucilistrg istrg ml mj nninje inje ml ml fes prenms prenmses, es, ml mj mj fm 8 „ > y 6 „ = gs gsã? ã?

(

∁ q∗ .3( `>∘ `8 )+ ( `=∘ `6 ) 3 ∁ q∗ .3>>79.0; h)

bO 

>601

)(

bO   bO  ∘711.7>>9 + bk bk

>=17

bO   bO  ∘801= bk bk

)

 bO   bO   bO  + 191 3 647=.0; bk bk bk

Jg mmain ainiml imlnig nig térc tércing ing fmj fmj ninj ninje e ms ms??

λV 3

∁ [ V ∘ ∁ [ h

3

( ` ∘` ) + ( ` ∘` ) ∘∁ [ h >

6

=

∁ q∗ .

∁ q∗.

λV 3

(

>601

1

)(

 bO  bO  ∘801= + bk bk

)

bO   bO  bO  ∘8>1; ∘76.7>>9 bk bk bk  bO  647=.0; bk >=17

 bO  bk 34.6606 3 66.06% 66.06% λV 3  bO  647=.0; bk 7044.0;

n)

˙? Mj ajuoe ajuoe cçsine cçsine fm vgper qum sm lmnmsi lmnmsitg tg ml mj ninje, ninje, sm ngjnu ngjnujg jg nel jg mxp mxprmsiþ rmsiþl l fm petmln petmlnig ig [ 

[  ˙ ∁ [   Mj trghgoe rmgjizgfe ml mj ninje ms? ˙ 3c [  ˙ ∁ [ ⇘  c ˙3

(

∁ [ 3 ( ` >∘` 6 ) + ( `= ∘`1 ) 3

>601

b[   [  ˙   84 C[  smk c 3 3 ˙3 ∁ [   bO   bO  707= 707= bk bk 84444

f)

)(

 bO  bO  ∘801= + bk bk

(

  )(

>144 smk 7 `r

>=17

  7 bO  7

 )

 b[  smk

)

bO   bO   bO  ∘8>1; 3707= bk bk bk

3>9119.68

bk `r

Mj ajuo ajuoe e cçsine cçsin e fm gkug fm mlarigc mlarigcimlte imlte ml mj nelf nelfmlsgf mlsgfer er sm ngjnu ngjnujg jg si sm rmgji rmgjizg zg ul hgjgln hgjglnmm tércin tércine e sehrm mj cisce?

 

∁ qvgper 3∁ q gkugfmmlarigcimlte ˙˙ ( `1∘ `7 ) c 3  ˙cgkugmla . X ∁ V nel X 3 670 vgper

>9119.68

˙ ∶c ˙ gkugmla . 3 c

  3 ( ` X∘∁`V ) vgper 1

7

(

  bO    bk´ 

bk

Fm tghjgs.

8>1;

(  ))(( ) ( `r   bO  670 bk´ 

 bO 

∘7=8

bk

 bO 

)

bk 387484.99

)

74 ´ 

≍

87487 bk

`r

 Jg ngltifgf fm gkug fm mlarigcimlte qum sm lmnmsitg ml mj nelfmlsgfer sm ehtimlm gj rmgjizgr mj hgjglnm bk mlmrkétine2 mj ajuoe lmnmsgrie ms fm 87487 . `r

 XM^]MJQM NEXXMN  XM^]MJQM NEXXMNVGCMLVM VGCMLVM TG^E G TG^E JE^ ^IK]IMLV ^IK]IMLVM^ M^ TXEHJMCG^ TXEHJMCG^ TXET]M^VE^  TXET]M^VE^  (Ji (Jihre hre fm tmrcef tmrcefilç ilçcin cing g fm Nmlkm Nmlkmj). j). MLQ MLQIGJ IGJE^ E^ GJ NE NEXXM XXME E MJ MJMNV MNVXE XELIN LINE E TG TGXG XG MJ FIG QIMX QIMXLM LM^ ^ 89 FMJ FMJ TX TXM^ M^ML MLVM VM G JG JG^ ^ 76?4 76?44 4 `r. `r. XM XMN] N]MX MXFG FG W] W]M M MJ TXEN TXENMF MFIC ICIM IMLV LVE E  CGVMCGVINE  CGVMCGVI NE FMHM ^MX FMVGJJ FMVGJJGFE GFE Y NEXXMNV NEXXMNVE E TGXG XMQI^IEL FMJ FM^GXXEJ FM^GXXEJJE JE Y   MQGJ]GNIEL.  MQGJ]G NIEL.

7. ]lg turhil turhilg g fm vgper vgper rmnihm rmnihm vgper vgper fm gkug sehrm sehrmngjm ngjmltgf ltgfg g g >=4 ´  y  y 8 CTg, mj nugj  rmn`gzg g jg prmsiþl prmsiþl fm 0 bTg. Jg mainimlnig ismltrþping ismltrþping fm jg turhilg turhilg ms fmj ;=%. g) µWué argnniþl argnniþl fm jg fispelih fispelihijif ijifgf gf prefunm prefunm jg turhilg turhilg nece trghgoe5 trghgoe5,, h) µqué   argnniþl  argnniþ l fmj trghgoe cçxice prefunm prefunm jg turhilg5 turhilg5   Xmspumstgs2 g) 4.1;62 h) 4.;1. 8. Nelsifmr Nelsifmrmm ulg nmltrgj nmltrgj mjéntri mjéntring ng fm vgper qum epmrg epmrg ml ul ninje ninje Xglbilm Xglbilm ifmgj sicpjm sicpjm  y qum timlm ulg sgjifg lmtg fm petmlnig fm 6= C[. Mj vgper mltrg g jg turhilg g ;   CTg y =44´N, y sm mlarãg ml mj nelfmlsgfer nelfmlsgfer g ulg prmsiþl fm 74 bTg cmfigltm mj  gk gkug ug fm ml mlari arigci gciml mlte te pr prevm evmli limlt mltmm fm ul jgke jgke y qum nirnuj nirnujg g pe perr jes tuhes tuhes fm fmj  j 

 

nelfmlsgfer g ulg tgsg fm 8 444 bk/s. Cumstrm mj ninje ml ul figkrgcg V „ s rmspmnte fm jgs jãlmgs fm sgturgniþl y fmtmrcilm g) jg mainimlnig tércing fmj ninje, h) mj ajuoe cçsine fmj vgper y n) mj gucmlte fm tmcpmrgturg fmj gkug fm mlarigcimlte. Xmspumstgs? g) >0.9 per nimlte, h) >1 bk/s, n) 0.6´N 

>. ]lg nmltrgj nmltrgj mjéntri mjéntring ng fm vgper epmrg epmrg ml ul ninje ninje Xglbilm Xglbilm nel rmngjm rmngjmltgc ltgcimlt imlte. e. Mj  vgper mltrg ml jg turhilg fm gjtg prmsiþl g 78.= CTg y ==4´N, g ulg tgsg fm ;.; bk/s  y sgjm g 8 CTg. CTg. Fmspués, mj vgper vgper sm rmngjimltg rmngjimltg g prmsiþl nelstgltm nelstgltm `gstg `gstg 6=4´N gltms gltms fm qum sm mxpglfg ml jg turhilg fm hgog prmsiþl. Jgs mainimlnigs ismltrþpings fm jg turhilg y jg hechg sel 0= per nimlte y 94 per nimlte, rmspmntivgcmltm. Mj vgper sgjm fmj nelfmlsgfer nece jãquife sgturgfe. ^i mj neltmlife fm `ucmfgf fmj vgper g jg sgjifg fm jg turhilg le mxnmfm = per nimlte, fmtmrcilm g) jg prmsiþl fmj nelfmlsgfer, nelfmlsgfer, h) jg sgjifg fm petmlnig lmtg y n) jg mainimlnig tércing.  Xmspumstgs?  Xmspumst gs? g) 9.;> bTg, bTg, h) 74.8 C[, n) >1.9 >1.9 per niml nimlte te