TUGAS Pemilihan Bahan Dan Proses

 

 

]FLJOJBKA DKBKA @KA ]THYFY K PVNKY 2 - ;0 VCJKA KEBJT YFLFYPFT 

@jsusua hofb 3 FANNKT @KTLK^KA ^JIKEYHAH 4=;246==99

PFEAJE LFYJA GKEVOPKY PFEAJE  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K 4=4=

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, 0 @fsfldfr 4=4= Punks 2 ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY 2 Dkd 2 DFAPVE ;. 4. 9. 0.

Cfok Cfokse seka ka tk tkdf dfoo 2 2.; .; `ka `ka 2.4 2.4 Cfok Cf okse seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr 2.9 2.9 Cfok Cf okse seka ka tk tkdf dfoo 2 2.> .> Cfok Cf okse seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr 2.7 2.7

Pkdfo 2.; Ihathb ja`fes ykan lfojpu dfatue Luktka pk`k pfskwkt dfrtfaknk lkausjk `jokeueka hofb `uk spkr, sktu dfatkan skykp `ka sktu kanokjaayk lfanbuduaneka skykp ef fehr. Ef`ukayk `jrkaikan uatue efekeuka pk`k dfrkt ljajlul.

 

 Nfafrksj efnk skkt jaj lfannuakeka sfrkt ekrdha / spkr fphesj, `jdfatue sfsukj efdutubka dfatue. Dknkjlkak fvhousj jaj tfrck`j8 @ka sfdfrkpk ckub jtu djsk pfrnj8

  Eklj lfaikrj ehldjaksj lktfrjko `ka dfatue ykan lfljajlkoeka dhdht uatue efekeuka tfeueka tfrtfatu. Jtuja`fes ykan keka `jlkesjlkoeka, dkik `krj Pkdfo 2.;, k`kokb  

Nkldkr. 2.9 Yfpf`k. Nkrpu `jdfdkaj `fanka tfeueka. Nkrpu pkojan rjanka ykan `ke keka ruatub sfikrk pokse`j dkwkb dfdka `fskja ykan `jtfatueka k`kokb ykan tfrdukt `krj dkbka `ka dfatue `fanka ajokj tfrdfskr(& a) 4‚9 / ]

 

Pkdfo 2.0 ]frsykrktka `fskja uatue nkrpu sfpf`k

 

Pkdfo 2.6 Dkbka uatue nkrpu sfpf`k. * Ejskrka ajokj ja`fes `j`kskreka pk`k skrkak prhpfr lktfrjko `ka sfsukj `fanka ejskrka ajokj`krj J & ajokj tfrdfskr k`kokb

Pkdfo 2.6 `kgkr tucub dkbka eka`j`kt. ]hbha iflkrk ktku dkldu ykan ehehb skankt fsjfa5 tkapk dfatue (ehohl ef`uk tfrkebjr) lfrfek ofdjb dkje `krj ykan okja. Dkldu jtu jslfwk ekrfak tuldub sfdknkj tkduan dfroudkan `fanka kethr dfatue lkerhsehpjs katkrk 9 `ka 6, lfldfrjeka efeuktka ofaturykan ckub ofdjb annj `krj phbha iflkrk pk`kt (ehohl tfrkebjr). Ykkt dfatue `jtkldkbeka ef dkbka okja,Aklua, pfrjanektayk dfrudkb. Gkethr dfatue ykan tfrikatul `kokl tkdfo `kpkt `jikpkj `fanka lfannuakeka ahrlkolfth`f prh`uesj. Dkck jtu dknus5 IGT] ofdjb dkje5 Pjtkajul 7-0 lksjb ofdjb dkje. @kokl efeuktka tfrdktks kpojeksj lknafsjul durue lfsejpua efpk`ktkaayk rfa`kb.

Pkdfo 2.> Dkbka uatue dkohe okatkj. * Ejskrka ajokj ja`fes `j`kskreka pk`k skrkak prhpfr lktfrjko `ka sfsukj `fanka rfatkan ajokj ∆

 

Nkldkr 2.7 ]frdka`janka dkohe ykan rjanka `ka ekeu. Nkrjs putus-putus tfdko lfauacueeka ja`fes lktfrjkoLJ < 6 (N]k) ;/4 / (Ln / ra9). Dkohe-J dkck sf`jejt ofdjb fsjfa `krjpk`k dkohe ekyu.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, ;; @fsfldfr 4=4= Punks : ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY : Dkd : LKIKA ]VPJB ]TKDV, LKIKL LKIKL IHAYPTKJA @KA NKDVANKA HDCFIPJWF ;. 4. 9. 0.

Cfokse Cfok seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr :.; :.; Cfok Cf okse seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr :.4 :.4 Cfok Cf okse seka ka tkdf tkdfoo : :.; .; Cfok Cf okse seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr :.7 :.7

Nkldkr :.; 

]rhsf`ur uatue lfakankaj dfrdknkj efa`kok `ka tucuka nkduanka. efekeuka, `ka eflu`jka dknjka `krj jaj ykan lfljojej dktks fokss annj uatue efeuktka, `ka dknjka tfrsfdut`krj lfrfek ykan lfljojej efpk`ktka rfa`kb p uatue dhdht ykan rjanka. Dfdfrkpk sjstfl sfofesj dfefrck dfefr ck sfpfr sfpfr  jtu, tkpj dfnjtuokb dfnjtuokb duekaokb j`f ykan dkje ekrfak ekrfak `ke k`k pka`uka pka`uka `kokl lflutuseka lflutuseka efpfaanka rfok `krj dktkska tfrsfdutF `fanka kesfa iy `ka  ϋ .

 

Nkldkr :.4  Yktu Nkldkr Yktu tucuka tucuka (`j sjaj, sjaj, lflja lfljajlk jlkoek oeka a lkssk) lkssk) `ka `uk efa`ko efa`kok k (ef (efeke ekeuka uka `ka efeukt efeuktka) ka) lfankrkb ef `uk ja`fes.

  Pftkpj k`k lkskokb `fanka lfth`f jaj, dfdfrkpk cfoks (sfpfr pfldfrjka ajokj uatue dhdht kethr), dfdfrkpk ofdjb bkous '. Dfrjeut jaj ihathbayk3 pfljojbka lktfrjko uatue dfreks sjakr ykan lkak bkrus lflfaubj efa`kok pk`k ef`uk efekeuka (ja`fes LJ < F '/ * / p) `ka efeuktka (ja`fes L4 < k8 /' / p). Ajokj ja`fes jaj `jtkduoksjeka uatue flpkt dkbka pk`k Pkdfo :.;. :. ;. Efekeuka, lfaurut pfajokjka eklj, ofdjb pfaan `krjpk`k efeuktka, ck`j eklj lfaftkpekaayk sfdknkj kethr dhdht.

Pkdfo :.; Ihathb pfannuakka kethr dhdht. @krj pfljojbka tfokb lfldkojeeka pfrjanekt lfrfek ykan tfrsjsk. Dkbeka cjek kethr dfrktayk djsk `jpjojb `fanka keurkt, eftfrnkatuanka bksjo pk`k phpuoksj `krj lkak pjojbka tfrsfdut `jdukt lfannkannu. Lfth`f jaj sfikrk jabfrfa `ke stkdjo, pfek tfrbk`kp kotfrak ykan `ke rfofvka. Gkethr tfrpfaan, tfatu skck, k`kokb bjlpuaka ajokj ykan `jpjojb uatue kethr  kethr dhdht. P

 

Nkldkr :.7 @uk tucuka {`j sjaj, lfljajlkoeka lkssk `ka djkyk) `ka sktu efa`kok (efekeuka) lfankrkb ef `uk ja`fes. (pfrtklk pjojb sudsft dkbka ykan lfljajlkoeka lkssk eflu`jka sudsft ykan lfljajlkoeka djkyk, eflu`j efl u`jka ka lfaikr lfaikrjj kannhtk kannhtk ulul ulul `krj `krj `uk bjlpua bjlpuaka ka dknjka dknjka '), `ka pfayfl pfayflpur purakk akkaay aayk k `fanka `fanka lfafrkpek lfaf rkpeka a kethr kethr dhdht dhdht ktku ohnjek uzzy lfankrkb lfankrkb ef pjojbka, pjojbka, tftkpj tftkpj ekrfak ekrfak culokb culokb ykan dfrdf`k sf`kan `jdka`janeka,eftfrnkatuanka pk`k pfajokjka `ka ef`kepkska ykan lfayfrtkjayk ofdjb dfskr `krj sfdfoulayk.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, ;2 @fsfldfr 4=4= Punks ;= ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY ;= Dkd ;= YPV@J EKYVY DKAZKEAZK IHAYPTKJA @KA HDCFIPJWF ;. Cfokse Cfokseka ka tkdfo tkdfo ;=.; ;=.; `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;=. ;=.; ; 4. Cfokse Cfokseka ka tkdfo tkdfo ;=.4 ;=.4 `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;=. ;=.4 4 9. Cfokse Cfokseka ka tkdfo tkdfo ;=.9 ;=.9 `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;=. ;=.9 9

Pkdfo ;=.; ]frsykrktka `fskja3 dktkan pfanbuduan.

  Nkldkr ;=.; Yfdukb dktkan pfanbuduan. Dktkan `ke dhofb tfrtfeue, nknko ekrfak efofokbka ktku `fanka rketur ifpkt (ihathb dfdfrkpk efa`kok). Pucukaayk k`kokb uatue lfljajlkoeka lkssk.

  Dfrjsj ja`fes lktfrjko Lfanka`uan ja`fes lktfrjko (culokb ykan janja eklj lkesjlkoeka uatue lfanbja`krj tfeue)3

 

  Lfanka`uan ja`fes lktfrjko (culokb ykan janja eklj lkesjlkoeka uatue lfanbja`krj tfeue)3

Nkldkr ;=.4  ]frsklkka lkssk l `krj `krj dktkan-dktkan `jtuacueeka sfikrk sfikrk seflks sfdknkj uansj OO..

Pkdfo ;=.4 ]fljojbka dkbka uatue iha-rh`. Pkdfo lfaikatuleka lo lkssk dktkan ykan bkayk keka lflfaubj dktkska efofokbka, `ka lkssk l4 ykan bkayk keka dfrtflu `fanka tfeue (pfrsklkka ;=.9). Vatue nk lktfrj jtu efa`kok ke k`kokb efofokbka5 uatue `uk bko jtu k`kokb tfeue. Eukatks jj `j ehohl tfrkebjr tkdfo ofdjb dfskr `krj lo `ka l4 uatue sfkp dkbka5 lkssk tfrfa`kbokb ykan lflfaubj ef`ukayk efa`kok.

 

Nkldkr ;=.9 @fskja ykan tfrokou `jdktksj lfankrkb ef `uk ktku ofdjb ja`fes ejafrck ykan `jbuduaneka `fanka ehpojan pfrsklkka. Nkrjs putus-putus `jknhako lfauacueeka pfrsklkka ehpojan uatue `uk ajokj ehpojan ehastka, `jtfatueka hofb 'ehfsjfa pfldfdkaka strueturko' G / O4. Ef`uk nkrjs pfljojbka bkrus dfrphthanka pk`k nkrjs pfanbuduan ykan sfsukj lfldfrjeka krfk pfaikrjka dfrdfatue ehtke. (Nkldkr `jdukt lfannuakeka ILY (;::6) pfrkanekt ouake.)

Pkdfo ;=.9 Dkbka uatue iha-rh` dfrpfrhrlk annj. Gjsjekwka, ekrfak kokskaayk sfa`jrj, suek lfojbkt Gjsjekwka, lfojbkt kpk ykan tfrck`j tfrck`j pk`k dfa`k-df dfa`k-dfa`k a`k `j lf`ka lf`ka lknaft lknaft annj.'Pjannj' dfrkr 6= tfsok ktku ofdjb. Yktu-sktuayk ikrk uatue lfa`kpkteka ok`kan sfpfr jtu k`kokb `fanka ikrk oklk3 `ulp krus dfskr lfokouj eulpkrka ojojtka ekwkt5 dueka lknaft pfrlkafa (dktks prkes3 ;.6P), ktku eulpkrka supfr eha`uethr (dktks skkt jaj3 46P) `kpkt lfaikpkj lf`ka sfannj jtu. Krus lfanbksjoeka k lf`ka-puosk ykan dfrokansuan sfoklk krus lfankojr.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, 46 @fsfldfr 4=4= Punks ;; ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY ;; Dkd ;; ]FANHOKBKA @KA @FYKJA LKPFTJKO ;. Cfokse Cfokseka ka nkld nkldkr kr ;;.; ;;.; `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;;. ;;.4 4 4. Cfokse Cfokseka ka nkld nkldkr kr ;;.9 ;;.9 `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;;. ;;.0 0 9. Cfokse Cfokseka ka nkld nkldkr kr ;;.; ;;.;7 7 `ka `ka nk nkldk ldkrr ;;.4; ;;.4;

]fljojbka pflrhsfska pflrhsfska tfrnkatuan tfrnkatuan pk`k dkbka `ka dfatue. 'Ktrjdut prhsfs' `jnuakeka Nkldkr ;;.;  ]fljojbka Nkldkr sfdknkj erjtfrjk pfljojbka. @fhrlksj, lfth`f sfrdue, lfth`f pfldfatueka ehlphsjt, lfth`f ebusus `ka pflduktka prhthpf ifpkt. ]rhsfs sfeua`fr lfanudkb dfatue5 `j sjaj lfrfek `jtklpjoeka sfikrk ehofe sfdknkj 'lfsja'5 lfrfek lfr fek lfakld lfakldkbe kbeka ka tur tur ef tudub tudub yka ykan n su`kb su`kb dfrdfa dfrdfatue tue.. Jaj `jjeu `jjeu hofb hofb prhsfs prhsfs tfrsjf tfrsjfr3 r3 sfpfr sfpfr pfrokeuka pkaks, ykan lfajanekteka sjkt pfrluekka ktku iurkb. Eoksjeksj `jsfofskjeka `fanka ajsbjan `ka dfrnkduan.

 

Nkldkr ;;.4 Yfldjoka i) pfajokjka prhsfs. Dkrjs pfrtklk dfrjsj prhsfs pfldfatueka utklk5 `j dkwkb efdhbhanka prhsfs pfldfatueka, pfannkduanka, `ka pfayfofskjka sfeua`fr.

  Nkldkr ;;.9 ]fanfihrka pksjr. Ohnkl ikjr `jtukaneka ef `kokl iftkeka pksjr spojt.

Nkldkr ;;.0 @jf iksan. Ikjrka `jpkesk `j dkwkb tfekaka lfack`j iftkeka ohnkl ykan tfrdfokb

 

@krj sfdukb pfanfihrka dfrvkrjksj `krj ykan durue uatue pfanfihrka pksjr ykan lurkb bjannk ykan skankt dkje dkj e uatue uatue iftkek iftkeka a ykan ykan prfsjs prfsjsj,l j,lfrf frfek ek `jeuka `jeukae eksj ksj pk`k pk`k bkoklk bkoklka a 4>4. 4>4. Lhuo`j Lhuo`jan an dfrsj dfrsjkt kt iksjja iksjjan, n, `jsfsukjeka `fanka dkbka ykan skankt efatko skkt lfofofb, ebususayk tfrlhpokse `ka ekiklktk.

 ]flfsjaka3 Nkldkr ibjp `krj ;;.;7 pfrluekka dfa`kdfohe efrck.(ejrj ktks) `ka ljoojan (dkwkb). Vcuan kokt ykan tkckl `ka lfanfrks k

  Nkldkr ;;.4; ]fanfokska nfsfeka. Dknjka, dfrputkr `fanka efifpktka annj, `jtfeka ef dknjka ekwja ykan `jcfpjt `ka `jkl. Nfsfeka lfanbksjoeka pkaks ykan iueup uatue lfldukt jektka. ]fokpjska `ka pfanfiktka ef`ukayk `jpfrlu`kb `fanka dfatue dknjka sf`frbkak `fanka pfrluekka ykan sfdknjka dfskr iflduan. Ykourka, ifokb, `ka ifokb suojt `jckaneku `fanka pfrkoktka ikt `ka sfrjanekoj `ke lflk`kj `jokpjsj `fanka pfokt ojstrje. Efdkaykeka lfsja phojlfr `fanka lu`kb `ka `kpkt `jphofs bjannk bksjo kebjr ykan annj. Pftkpj lh`uous rfa`kb lfrfek dfrkr jtu lfrfek lfldfoheeka sfikrk fokss sfoklk hpfrksj pflfsjaka, lfldktksj thofrkasj. Efrklje `ka nfoks `kpkt `jnjojan `ka `jokpjsj `fanka thofrkasj `ka pfayfofskjka ykan annj (pjejreka (pjej reka ifrlja ifrlja tfofsehp). tfofsehp). K`k dkayke dkayke tfeaje tfeaje pflfsjaka pflfsjaka 'ebusus' `fanka kpojeksj kpojeksj tfrtf tfrtfatu5 atu5 lfrfek lfrfek tfrlksue lfsja fofetrh, lfsja pfrijeka, pflhthanka uotrkshaje, pfannjojanka ejljk, pflhthanka `fanka  cft kjr, cft pksjr, dfreks dfreks fofetrha `ka sjakr oksf oksfr. r.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, ; Ckaukrj 4=4; Punks ;4 ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY ;4 Dkd ;4 YPV@J EKYVY ]FLJOJBKA ]THYFY ;. Cfokse Cfokseka ka tkdfo tkdfo ;4.; ;4.; `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;4. ;4.; ; 4. Cfokse Cfokseka ka nkld nkldkr kr ;4.4 ;4.4 `ka nkldkr nkldkr ;4. ;4.9 9 9. Cfokse Cfokseka ka nkldkr nkldkr ;4. ;4.0 0 `ka `ka ttkdf kdfoo ;4.4 ;4.4  

Pkdfo ;4.; Dktkska `fskja uatue ejpks kanja. Eftfdkoka rktk-rktk 9 ll. Ouks pfrluekka, ejrk-ejrk 4 (aT4), k`kokb 4 x JHp4 l4. Whoulf lktfrjko `j ejpks, ejrk-ejrk, ejrkejrk, ouks pfrluekkaayk pfrluekkaayk `jekojeka eftfdk eftfdkokaay okaayk k - sfejtkr sfejtkr 7 x l9, lfldfrj dfrkt `kokl ejskrka ejskrka =,=9 (ajoha (ajoha)) bja bjannk nnk =,6 en (koulj (kouljaju ajul). l). Cjek Cjek `jdfat `jdfatue ue utub, utub, ejpks ejpks lfljo lfljojej jej dfa dfatue tue ykan ykan iueup iueup ehlpof ehlpofes, es, lfsejpua efsjlftrjkaayk ykan annj knke lfayf`frbkakekaayk. Eklj lfaneoksjeksjekaayk sfdknkj 9-@ pk`kt, `fanka ehlpofesjtks katkrk 4 `ka 9. @kokl pka`kanka `fskjafr, bksjo kebjr pfrluekka k`kokb ykan sfdfakray sfdf akrayk k lkskokb. lkskokb. Jaj (`ka nfhlftrj) nfhlftrj) lfafatuek lfafatueka a fsjfasj fsjfasj pflhlpkka pflhlpkka ejpks `ka lflpfankr lflpfankrubj ubj efdjsjanka jtu lfldukt. @jk lfafatueka pfrluekka ykan bkous3 T ?; pl. Dktkska `fskja `jrkaneul `kokl Pkdfo ;4.;

 

ueurka-eftfdkoka-krfk-eftfdkoka, lfauacueeka krfk pfaikrjka uatue ejpks, tbf Nkldkr ;4.; Dknka ueurka-eftfdkoka-krfk-eftfdkoka, dfckak tfeka, dkohe ljerh `ka ektup efrka efrklje. ]rhsfs ykan lfofwk sfluk okanekb pfljojbka tfrikatul pk`k Pkdfo ;4.;. Lfrfek tfrlksue jacfesj pfaiftkeka uatue ajoha `ka `jf-iksan uatue pk`uka kouljajul3 jaj `kpkt lfaikpkj ykan `jjanjaeka dfatue, ueurka, ehlpofesjtks, prfsjsj `ka efbkouska, lfsejpua kakojsjs djkyk (Ytu`j Eksus ;4.;) k`kokb sfekrkan pfrou lfaftkpekaayk sfdknkj pjojbka tfrdkje.

 

Nkldkr ;4.4 Nrke ueurka ehlpofesjtks, lfauacueeka krfk pfaikrjka uatue ejpks, dfckak tfeka, `ka sjakr ljerh `ka ektup efrka efrklje. K`k (sfpfr djksk) pfrldkanka okja. K`k pfrtkaykka tfatkan javfstksj lh`ko, ueurka dktib `ka lfajok lfajokj, j, lflks lflkshe, he, eftfr eftfrklp klpjok joka a oheko, oheko, `ka sfd sfdknk knkjay jayk. k. Nrke Nrke ` `ke ke `kpkt `kpkt lfackw lfackwkd kd jaj. jaj. Pkpj Pkpj prhsf` prh sf`ura urayk yk su`kb su`kb skankt skankt lfldka lfldkatu tu `ko `kokl kl lflpfr lflpfrsfl sflpjt pjt pjojbk pjojbka, a, lfayk lfaykrka rkaeka eka kotfra kotfrak k,, `ka lfldfrjeka oktkr dfokekan `jlkak pjojbka kebjr `kpkt `jdukt.

 

lfauacueeka krfk pfaikrjka uatue ejpks, dfckak tfeka, Nkldkr ;4.9  Nrke e ofofb efefrkska, lfauacueeka sjakr ljerh `ka ektup efrka efrklje. Lfldukt dfckak tfeka Dfckak tfeka `jpfroueka uatue pfrs bht-jshstki ktku BJ] (Nkldkr ;;.;9). Dkbka uatue tfekaka ekpko lfack`j sudcfe Ytu`j Eksus 7.;05 dkck tkannub k`kokb pjojbka tfrdkje.

 

Nkldkr ;4.0 Nrke thofrkasj-efekskrka, lfauacueeka krfk pfaikrjka uatue ejpks kanja, sjakr ljerh `ka ektup efrka efrklje. Eftfdkoka `ja`jan t `jdfrjeka ejrk-ejrk `fanka lfayklkeka tfnkanka ojanekrka `j `ja`jan, ejrk-ejrk pT / t, `fanka efeuktka ououb dkbka pflduktayk, nZ, `jdknj `fanka kethr efklkaka Y ykan eklj keka lfack`j 4

Pkdfo ;4.4 ]rhsfs pfldfatueka ejpks

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, 2 Ckaukrj 4=4; Punks ;9 ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY ;9 Dkd ;9 YVLDFT @KPK ;. Cfok Cfokse seka ka nk nkld ldkr kr ;9. ;9.; ; 4. Cf Cfok okse seka ka tk tkdf dfoo ;9. ;9.; ;  

Nkldkr ;9.; Efdutubka `ktk `ka struetur `ktk uatue pfaykrjanka `ka uatue jahrlksj ofdjb okacut. ]frbjtuanka ykan tfrojdkt `kokl lfafatueka sekok `ka tktk oftke `fskja (pfrwucu`ka tkbkp) lfldutubeka jahrlksj ykan ofdjb ofanekp `krj sfdfoulayk, tftkpj uatue eka`j`kt ykan ofdjb sf`jejt. sf`je jt. @ktk lfluanejaeka lfluanejaeka pfaykrjanka pfaykrjanka anekt anekt ef`uk ef`uk jaj `jtflueka `jtflueka `kokl ehlpjoksj ehlpjoksj ebusus ykan lfaikeup dueu pfnkanka `ka `ktkdksf ehlputfr, `ka dueu `ktk ykan `jtfrdjteka hofb kshsjksj ktku f`frksj lktfrj prh`usfa. Lfrfek lfa`kgkr, lflpoht `ka lfldka`janeka prhpfr `krj dkbka ykan tfrekjt frkt, `ka lfayf`jkeka `ktk `j anekt prfsjsj djkskayk `ke tfrsf`jk `kokl ehlpjoksj anekt ; ykan ouks. @ka, cjek lfrfek lfokeuekaayk pfefrckka lfrfek `fanka dfakr, lfrfek lfldfrjeka jahrlksj ofdjb okacut tfatkan eflklpuka prhsfs `ka efluanejaka pflduktka rutf. Pkpj, ekrfak lfanka`uan ofdjb

 

dkayke `ftkjo, ouksayk (ejskrka dkbka `ka prhsfs ykan lfrfek tutupj) `jdktksj, `ka kesfs lfack`j ofdjb ruljt.

Pkdfo ;9.; Lktfrjko `ktk pf. Yfkp dktib lktfrjko dkru `jucj, `ka dktib tfrsfdut `jtfrjlk ktku `jthoke ktks `kskr jtu `krj ucjka. ]rhpfr `ke sflukayk `jcfokseka `fanka ikrk ykan sklk. Dfdfrkpk, sfpfr ahlhr kthl, `jcfokseka hofb sktu ahlhr (‒ahlhr kthl tfldknk < 4:‚)5 okjaayk, sfpfr lh`uous ktku tfrlko eha`uevjtks `jijrjeka hofb suktu rfatkan ('Zhuan's lh`uous hr ohw-`fasjty phoyftbyofaf < =,;-=,46 N]k ', ljskoayk). Zkan okja bkayk `kpkt `jcfokseka `jcfokseka sfikrk eukojtk, eukojtk, ktku sfdknkj sfdknkj nkldkr. nkldkr. Eftkbkaka Eftkbkaka ehrhsj k`kokb k`kokb sjkt ykan tfrokou tfrokou ruljt uatue `jekrketfrjs `jekrketfrjsksj ksj `fanka `fanka sktu ahlhr5 uatue pfaykrjanka pfaykrjanka tucuka jtu `jdfrj `jdfrj pfrjanekt pfrjanekt `kokl sekok sekok sf`frbkak3 K (skankt dkje) bjannk F (skankt durue), tftkpj `fanka jahrlksj ofdjb okacut `jsjlpka sfdknkj of tfes ktku nrke. @fljejka puok, ekrketfrjse pfldfatue k`kokb ktrjdut ykan pkojan dkje `jcfokseka hofb `kgkr ('dkck rjanka `kpkt `jnuouan, `jtflpk, ktku lfsja'5 'zjrehajk `kpkt `jdfatue `fanka lfth`f dudue') `fanka stu`j eksus, pf`hlka `ka pfrjanktka uatue lfannkldkreka dknkjlkak bko jtu bkrus `jokeueka. Ikrk tfrdkje uatue lfayjlpka jahrlksj tfatkan ljerhstruetur, ktku kpojeksj dkbka, ktku uansj suktu prhsfs, luaneja sfdknkj nkldkr - pf `ktk okja. Pkdfo ;9.; lfauacueeka pf `ktk ykan djkskayk ykan `jpfroueka uatue pfljojbka dkbka `ka prhsfs.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, ;6 Ckaukrj 4=4; Punks ;0 ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

PVNKY ;0 Dkd ;0 YPV@J EKYVY ]FANNVAKKA YVLDFT @KPK ;. Cfok Cfokse seka ka lkes lkesu` u` Dkd ;0 jaj jaj 4. Cfokse Cfokseka ka tkdfo tkdfo ;0.;, ;0.;, ttkdf kdfoo ;0.4, ;0.4, `ka tkdf tkdfoo ;0.9

Lkesu` `krj Dkd jaj k`kokb 3

]fafojka lfldutubeka suldfr `ktk `fanka sktu struetur, jahrlksj ofdjb okacut, suldfr `fanka ykan okja. Dkd jaj lfanjoustrksjeka pfaklpjoka lfrfek, kpk ykan `kpkt lfrfek okeueka `ka kpk ykan `ke `kpkt lfrfek okeueka. ]rhsf`ur lfanjeu `jknrkl kojr Nkldkr ;9.4, lfanfespohrksj pfannuakka dueu pfnkanka, `ktkdksf, pudojeksj kshsjksj pfr`knkanka, ofldkr `ktk pflkshe, Jatfraft, `ka, cjek pfrou, pfanucjka jatfrako. Ihathb pfannuakka sfluk jaj luaiuo `kokl stu`j eksus dfrjeut. @kokl sfkp ejtk lfaikrj `ktk rjaij uatue skokb sktu dkbka tfrpjojb `j dfrdknkj stu`j eksus pk`k dkd-dkd sfdfoulayk. Pj`ke sfluk okanekb `jrfprh`uesj, tftkpj `ktk `fskja utklk `ka dfdfrkpk ja`jeksj anekt `ftkjo, efka`koka `ka efsuojtka `jdfrjeka. Lfrfek tfrlksue ihathb efoukrka suldfr `ktk pfrkanekt ouake, ofldkr `ktk pflkshe `ka jahrlksj ykan `jkldjo `krj ^hro`-wj`f ^fd.]fankldjoka `ktk tfr`fankr tunks ykan lfldhskaeka, tftkpj cjek k`k tucuka `kokl pjejrka, jtu djsk lfayfakaneka, sflkikl pfrlkjaka `ftfe. Lkskokb `kokl Oklpjrka D `j kebjr dueu jaj lfaykrkaeka dfdfrkpk uatue `jihdk.

Pkdfo ;0.; @ktk uatue dkck tkbka ekrkt pf 9=4 ykan `jtkrje `fanka efrks.

 

Okbka pfaykrjanka lfannuakeka dknka ykan sfsukj, ykan `jrjaij `kokl Ytu`j Eksus 7.2, lfanbksjoeka `kgkr pfa`fe ykan lfojpu foksthlfr, phojlfr, ehlphsjt `ka ohnkl. Foksthlfr `ka phojlfr `jfojljaksj `j sjaj `fanka dktkska tkldkbka pk`k subu. Lfsejpua ehlphsjt tftkp lfluanejaeka, eka`j`kt ykan cfoks k`kokb ohnkl. Dkck djsk lfanbksjoeka pfnks ykan dknus, tkpj dkck ekrdha djksk djsk lfajlduoeka ehrhsj `j ojaneuanka ykan pkaks, dkskb, `ka knrfsj sfikrk ejljkwj. ]fakpjska lfauacueeka dkbwk dkck tkbka ekrkt djsk lfathofrjr jaj.

Pkdfo ;0.4 @ktk uatue pk`uka kouljajul 92= `ka OL7. ]frsfojsjbka `kokl stka`kr k`kokb lkskokb ulul. Ehljtf ykan dfrtunks uatue lfokeueka bkrlhajsksj `u`ue bjannk okrut lkokl `j Vaj Frhpk, `ka dfrnfrke pfrokbka lfaucu sjstfl pflfrsktu. @kokl eksus dkck `ka pk`uka kouljajul, sjstfl spfsjeksj KY, ykan lfljojej dfdfrkpk kokska `ka ohnjek, efluanejaka dfskr uatue lfack`j `kskr stka`kr.

Pkdfo ;0.9 @ktk uatue phojfofa `fasjtks rfa`kb (O@]F). @ktk uatue efrklje ahvfo. Ektup efrklje `krj efrka `jpfrjesk `kokl Ytu`j Eksus 7.4= nknko, `j`unk ekrfak sfanktka pkaks. Lkskokbayk djsk `jktksj `fanka lfljojb efrklje `fanka eftkbkaka nuaikanka tfrlko ykan ofdjb dfskr. Sjrehajk (SrH4) luaiuo sfdknkj efluanejaka. Jtu Ja`fes ejafrck. sfpfr sfdfoulayk, `fanka dueu pfnkanka. Pbf Ibkplka ua` Bkoo Lktfrjko Yfofithr lfldka`janeka dfrdkn dfr dknkj kj ajokj ajokj phojf phojfofa ofa55 `ktkay `ktkayk k uatue uatue O@]F O@]F tfrika tfrikatul tul `kokl `kokl Pkdfo Pkdfo ;0.9 ;0.9 `j dkwkb dkwkb Yuldfr Yuldfr K. Pbf Fanjaffrf` Lktfrjko Bka`dhhe, Who. 4, ]okse, lfldukt eklj efifwk. ]hojlfr uatue Kpojeksj Pfeaje (;:2>) knke ofdjb lfldkatu, tftkpj lfldfrjeka ajokj uatue efeuktka `ka sjkt tfrlko ykan dfrdf`k `fanka kethr 4 `krj ykan k`k `j Yuldfr K, `ka `ke k`k `ktk sklk sfekoj uatue lh`uous. Dueu ]fnkanka ]hojlfr `ka Foksthlfr (; :>:, sftfokb dfdfrkpk ekoj dfrduru, lfldfrjeka `ktk ykan tfr`kgkr `j dkwkb Yuldfr D ’ dfskr pfrdf`kka oknj. 'Lktfrjko Yfofithr' Pfeaje Lktfrjko (Yuldfr I) lfokeueka dkayke bko sklk. Pj`ke k`k ykan lfldfrj djkyk. Bko-bko `ke sfpfaubayk lflukseka3 ejtk `kpkt lfokeuekaayk `fanka dkje bkayk `fanka lfldkik `ktk `krj dknka Dkd 0. Ejtk lfldutubeka sfsuktu ykan ofdjb dkje.

 

  VAJWFTYJPKY @KTLK ]FTYK@K Ckoka Tk`fa Jatfa JJ, ]ha`he Efokpk, @urfa Ykwjt TP.=2/T^.=7, ]ha`he Efokpk Ehtk Ckekrtk Pjlur, @kfrkb Ebusus Jdu Ehtk Ckekrtk ;906=

Aklk Aklk 3 Fann Fannkr kr @k @krl rlkw kwka ka AJL 3 4=;246==99 ]rh`j 3 Pfeaje Lfsja/Y;

@hsfa @hsf a 3 Jr Jr.. If Iffp fptk tk`j `j Eu Eusu sulk lk Bkrj/Pno 3 Cul‚kt, 4: Ckaukrj 4=4; VKY ]fljojbka Dkbka & ]rhsfs

VKY Duktokb kakojsk pfljojbka prhsfs uatue pflduktka ihaafian rhk`, dfrjekaokb pfrldkanka ihkstayk. Dkbka ykan keka `jnuakeka pk`k prhsfs prh`uesj ihaafian rh` k`kokb dkck `fanka stka`krt YKF 0;0= ykan lflpuaykj efeuktka tkrje ΰ < ;== En/ll, sfrtk lfanka`uan uasurf pk`uka katkrk okja 3 ;. Ik Ikrd rdha ha ( =,92 =,92% % - =,09 =,09%) %) 4. Lkan Lkanka ka (=,> (=,>6% 6% - ;, ;,=% =%)) 9. ]b ]bhs hsh hrr (?=, (?=,=0 =0=% =%)) 0. Yu Yuop opbu burr (?=, (?=,=0 =0=% =%)) 6. Yjoje Yjojeha ha (=, (=,4=% 4=% - =, =,96 96%) %) 7. Ib Ibrh rhlj ljul ul (=,2= (=,2=% % - ;,;= ;,;=%) %)

  Nkldkr ;.; Ghrnf` Ihaafan Th`

Nkldkr ;.4 Dknjka - dknjka Ihaafian Th`

]rhsfs prh`uesj ihaafian rh` `fanka lftkournj sfrdue jaj lfannuakeka pfaflpkka ykan `jokeueka sfikrk ulul k`kokb lfokouj tkbkp f`njan, dohiejan, ajsbjan, pk`k tkbkp jaj tfrck`j pfldfatuesa sjrjp sfpkackan sjsj ihaafian rh`. Yftfokb prhsfs pfaflpkka sfofskj lkek keka `jokeueka prhsfs pflhthanka sjrjp `fanka prhsfs trjlljan `ka `jokacuteka `fanka prhsfs pflfsjaka ykjtu ljoojan `ka `rjoojan. Bko ’ bko ykan bkrus `j pfrldkaneka ykjtu 3 ;. Ef Efeu eutk tka a Lfe Lfeka kaje je 4. Ekpks Ekpksjt jtks ks Dkat Dkatko koka ka ( Dkat Dkatko koka ka ) 9. Lkssk ykan rfa`kb rfa`kb ( l lfayf fayfdkdek dkdeka a nkyk nkyk jafrsjk jafrsjk ykan ykan eurkan eurkan ) 0. ]k ]ka ack cka an Hp Hpl lul

]rhsfs pflduktka ihaafian rh` ]JYPHA PFL]K ) GHTNF@ IHAAFIPJAN TH@ ( YPKAN

 

]rhsfs pfldfatuek ]rhsfs pfldfatueka a ihaafian ihaafian rh` `fanka `fanka ikrk pflueuoka pflueuoka / pfafekaka pfafekaka tfrlksue tfrlksue cfajs iohsf` `jf hrnjan. ]frkoktka ykan `jnuakeka ykjtu 5 @rhp Bkllfr, Bj`rkuoji, `kasferup pfafeka. ]rhsfsayk Iohsf`-`jf hrnjan `fanka ksb.

  Nkldkr ;.9 ]rhsfs @rhp Bkllfr Pkbkpka `kokl prhsfs pflduktka Ghrnf` Ihaafian Th` fajsjayk 3 Dkbka kwko tflpk `jdukt `krj `fasjeksj dkbka `kskr ykan `jpkakseka sfikrk tfrus-lfafrus `fanka prhsfs sfekoj pueuo. Yfbjannk strueturayk skankt pk`kt `ka sfsukj uatue pflkekjka ykan annj `jlkak `kyk tkbka ykan annj `ka efeuktka `jpfroueka. Okanekb kwko `krj prhsfs jaj ykjtu uatue lfayfrknkleka dfatue `krj dkbka tflpk lfayfrupkj dfatue kebjr. Eflu`jka `jpkakseka `j `kokl `kpur ykan tfrehatrho. Efdkaykeka `kokl prh`uesj hthlks, dkbka `jpkakseka eflu`jka `jokacuteka `fanka prhsfs pfaflpkka pk`k iftkeka knkr lfanbksjoeka dfatue struetur ykan pk`kt. Dkbka `jehatrho sfikrk jatfasj knkr lfanjsj iftkeka sfikrk pfaub `ka lfljajlkojsksj lktfrjko ykan tfrdukan (ksb) ykan djkskayk tfrck`j pk`k pfaflpkka ulul. Bflkt fafrnj k`kokb efuatuanka `krj prhsfs tflpk ykan okansuan `jjeu `fanka prhsfs pflkakska, lfanurkanj pflkakska efldkoj. ;. Dkbka Ihaafian rh` dfrkwko `krj dktkanka koohy stffo sfpkackan 4l. Kokska `jnuakekaayk dkbka koohy stffo k`kokb ofdjb eukt, tkbka ekrkt `ka lu`kb `kokl prhsfs pflhthanka.Eflu`jka dktkanka `jphthan lfack`j dktkanka- dktkanka efijo.

 

Nkldkr ;.0 Lktfrjko Ihaafian Th`

4. ]rhsfs ghrnjan (guoofrjan) ]fafeka `ka iftkeka `jpkakseka, sflfatkrk dkbka (djooft) `jpkakseka `j`kokl hvfa, Pflpfrktur

 

pflkakska sklk `fanka tflpfrktur pfafeka `ka iftkeka ykjtu sfejtkr ;;===I ’ ;46==I. Eflu`jka dkbka koohy stffo (djooft) `jefoukreka `krj hvfa `ka `joftkeeka `j ktks pfafeka. ]rhsfs pfafekaka `jokeueka `fanka dfskr tfekaka 4=== tha sfbjannk lfldfatue dfatue `kskr `krj ihaafian rh`.

  Nkldkr ;.6 ]rhsfs Ghrnjan 9. Hvfa Yftfokb prhsfs pfa`janjaka, ihaafian rh` `jlksueeka ef`kokl hvfa oknj sfdkayke `uk ekoj. ]rhsfs ykan pfrtklk dfrtucuka uatue lflpfreukt ohnkl `fanka tflpfrktur ykanannj. ]rhsfs ykan ef`uk `jokeueka uatue lfastkdjoeka ohnkl `fanka tflpfrkturf rfa`kb. 0. ]rhsfs ]fldudutka Eflu`jka `jnuakeka lfsja dudut uatue lflhthan efofdjbka ueurka `krj dfatue `kskr `krj ihaafian rh`. Lfack`jekaayk ofdjb `fekt ef ueurka kebjr prhsfs.  

Nkldkr ;.7 ]rhsfs Dudut 6. ]rhsfs Ljoojan Lfsja ljoojan `jnuakeka uatue lfanurkanj sklpkj dfdfrkpk ll pk`k sfkp sjsj `krj ihaafian i haafian rh`. Jaj dfrtucuka uatue lfanurkanj dfrkt efsfourubka `krj ihaafian rh` jtu sfa`jrj. ]rhsfs ljoojan okjaayk lfanurkanj dfdfrkpk ohnkl pk`k kwko prhsfs, lfack`jeka dfatueayk sktu tkbkp ofdjb `fekt ef dfatue kebjr.

Nkldkr ;.7 ]rhsfs Ljoojan

 

7. Gjajsbjan ]rhsfs ajsbjan `jnuakeka uatue lflpfrbkous `ka lfrkpjeka dfatue ihaafian rh`,dfrtucuka knkr dfatue prfsjsj skkt `jnuakeka. Eflu`jka lfsja lfauojseka lh`fo `ka jahrlksj prh`ue. Eflu`jka sfhrkan pfefrck lflpfrbkous su`ut-su`ut tkckl `krj ihaafian rh` ykan tfrdfatue sfoklk prhsfs pflduktka. Oudkan ykan k`k eflu`jka `jbkouseka `fanka sfdukb lfsja knkr ihaafian rh` ofdjb prfsjsj. Kebjrayk, ihaafian rh` `j sflprht pkaks,`fjhajsksj kjr, lfanbjokaneka pfoulks ykan tfrsjsk ktku hoj ykan tfrannko pk`k skkt prhsfs pflduktka. Yftfokb efrjan, ihaafian rh` sjkp `jnuakeka.

]frbjtuanka Djkyk ]rh`uesj @kokl pflduktka Ihaafian Th` skankt `jpfroueka kakojsk djkyk prh`uesjayk,ekrfak kakojsk djkyk jajokb ejtk `kpkt lfanftkbuj djkyk-djkyk ykan `j pfroueka sfoklk prhsfs prh`uesj. K`kpua djkyk-djkyk prh`uesj `kokl pflduktka Ihaafian Th`. k. Djkyk lktfrjko d. Djkyk sfwk lfsja i. Djkyk tke tfr`unk Dfrjeut rjaijka `ka djkyk ayk 3 k. Djky Djkyk k lkt lktf frj rjko ko Vatue lfanftkbuj dfskrayk djkyk ykan `jdutubeka uatue pfldfojka dkbka dkeu `kokl rkaikan dkanua dka nua Ihaafi Ihaafian an rhk` rhk` jaj dfr`ks dfr`kskre kreka ka bkrnk bkrnk lkt lktfrj frjko ko `jp `jpksk kskrka rka dfsj dfsj dkb dkbka ka dudut dudut ueurka ueurka `jklftfr 6 il x 4= il `fanka bkrnk Tp.66.===,- `fanka stka`krt YKF 0;0=. d. Djkyk Djkyk sf sfwk wk lfsj lfsja a ]fauojs `ke lfldukt pfrbjtuanka sfikrk `ftkjo, ekrfak pfauojs lfaikatuleka bksjo pfrbjtuanka dfr`kskreka bkrnk sfwk lfsja ykan su`kb k`k `jokpkanka.@kokl bko jaj suldfr ykan pfauoojs kldjo ykjtu IW.IFWZ YBJAPHAN ykan k`k `j Dfeksj. Tulus ykan `jnuakeka katkrk okja3   DYL < Pl x D   Eft 3 DYL < Djkyk Yfwk Lfsja Pl < ^ketu ]frlfsjaka (lfajt) D < Yfwk Lfsja (rupjkb/ckl) ]frbjtuanka ]frbjtu anka lfsja dudut (turajan) (tu rajan) ^ketu thtko prhsfs pfanfrckka dudut ykjtu 9= lfajt ktku sklk bkoayk `fanka =,6 ckl   DYL < Pl x D < =,6 x Tp.96.===,- < Tp.;>.6==,]frbjtuanka lfsja dhr (`rjoojan) ^ketu thtko prhsfs pfanfrckka pfanfdhrka ykjtu 0= lfajt ktku sklk bkoayk `fanka =,>  ckl. Yfbjannk `j`kpkt 3 



   

DYL < Pl x D < =,> x Tp.96.===,- < Tp.40.6==,Ck`j thtko djkyk sfwk lfsja  < Yfwk Lfsja Dudut + Yfwk Y fwk Lfsja @rjoojan < < Tp.;>.6==,- + Tp.40.6==,< Tp.04.===,i. Djky Djkyk k Pke Pke Pfr` Pfr`u unk Djkyk tke tfr`unk `jkldjo `krj ;6% `krj djkyk lktfrjko `ka sfwk lfsja, ck`j uatue lfaikrj rulus djkyk tke tfr`unk k`kokb 3   DP < ;6 % . (DYL + BL)  Eft 3 DP < Djkyk Pke Pfr`unk   DYL < Djkyk Yfwk Lfsja BL < Bkrnk Lktfrjko Lkek 3   DP < ;6 % . (DYL + BL) < ;6 % . (Tp.04.===,- + T].66.===,-) < Tp.;0.06=, Ck`j thtko djkyk tke tfr`unk k`kokb Tp.;0.06=,-

 

Pkdfo ;.; Phtko Djkyk ykan @jefoukreka ah

Djkyk

 ;

Yfwk Lfsja Dudut

 4  9  0

Bkrnk/ckl

Bkrnk Yfwk (Tp)

=,6

Tp.96.===

Tp.;>.6==,-

Yfwk Lfsja Purajan

=,>

Tp.96.===

Tp.40.6==,-

Djkyk Pke Pfr`unk

-

-

Tp.;0.06=,-

Tp.66.===,-

Tp.66.===,-

Lktfrjko

^ketu (ckl)

; Dukb Lktfrjko

Phtko Yfourub Djkyk Vatue Lfldukt Yfdukb Ihaafian Th`

Tp.;;;.06=,-

 Ck`j thtko efsfourubka djkyk djkyk ykan `jefoukreka uatue lfldukt Ihaafian Th` k`kokb sfdfskr  sfdfskr  Tp.;;;.06=, Tp.;;;.06=,-