Tugas Akhir "Resume Buku Ilmu Ushul Fiqih"

 

[WNEZ ELHD_ ‒_gsuag Oulu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh‑ Fdqdh‑ 

Kdsusum @bgh 3 _ehub (?9?95;95;;)

_gfgrgmsd _gsuag 3 Oulu Ou lu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh `bgh Yr`f. K_. _ejhaet Zyefg‐D, AE.  AE. 

ZGL@BEH [DMNND ENEAE DZBEA KE_WB WBWA LEMKEMNEM [EHWM ELEKGADL ?9?5

 

LE[E YGMNEM[E_ Yucd syulur lghekdret Ebbeh Z^[ yemn tgbeh agaogrdlem rehaet kem hdkeyeh- Mye  Mye sghdmnne seye kepet agmygbgsedlem tunes elhdr ‒_gsuag Oulu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh‑ dmd tgpet peke weltumye.  weltumye.  Ekepum tucuem kerd ‒_gsuag Oulu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh‑ dmd ekebeh umtul agagmuhd tunes yemn kdogrdlem `bgh Dou Edmur _ehaeh, Z.Z`s.D peke aete lubdeh Wsub Fdqh. Zeye agmnujeplem tgrdae lesdh lgpeke Dou Edmur _ehaeh, Z.Z`s.D , sgbelu k`sgm aete lubdeh Wshub Fdqh yemn tgbeh agaogrdlem tunes dmd sghdmnne kepet agmeaoeh pgmngtehuem kem wewesem sgsued kgmnem odkemn stukd yemn seye tglumd. Zeye agmyekerd, ‒_gsuag Oulu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh‑ dmd Fdqdh‑  dmd aesdh ceuh kerd lete sgapurme. @bgh lergme dtu, lrdtdl kem serem yemn agaoemnum elem seye memtdlem kgad lgsgapurmeem ‒_gsuag Oulu Dbau Wshub Fdqdh‑ dmd. Fdqdh‑  dmd.  Mgnere, 56 Aergt ?9?5

Ygmubds

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KEF[E_ DZD

LE[E YGMNEM[E_ YGMNEM[ E_ ................................. ................ ................................. ................................ ........................ ........ 5  KEF[E_ DZD ........................................................................................ ?  OEO D YGMKEHWBWEM .................................................................... ;  E. Wshub Fdqdh....................................... Fdqdh............................................................. ............................................ ................................. ........... ;  O. Zgcereh Wshub Fdqh .......................................... ................................................................ ........................................ .................. ;  5. [ehep eweb (eoek : H) ......................................... ............................................................... ................................. ........... 7  ?. [ehep pgrlgaoemnem, (eoek ; H. H.)) .......................................... ........................................................ .............. 7  :. [ehep pgmygapurmeem (eoek 7 H ) ............................................ ....................................................... ........... 6  J. Ygremem Wshub Fdqdh kebea Ygmngaoemnem Fdldh Dsbea ........................ ........................ 6 

OEO DD YGAOEHEZEM ..................................................................... 8  E. Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em kem Hekdts  Hekdts ................................................. ....................................................................... ............................. ...... 8  5. Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em  ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................. ....... 8  ?. Hekdts ........................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................ ...................... 4  O. Dcae kem Udyes sgrte Ygmgrepemmye Y gmgrepemmye ...................................... ...................................................... ................ 55  5. Dcae‐ ..................... ........................................... ............................................. ............................................. .................................. ............ 55  J. Dstdhsem kem Aeshbehet Aursebet sgrte Ygmgrepemmye ........................... ........................... 5?  5. Dstdhsem ...................................................... ............................................................................ .......................................... .................... 5?  ?. Aesbehet Aursebet ............................................. ................................................................... .................................. ............ 5;  K. Dstdsheo kem ”Wrf sgrte Ygmgrepemmye  Ygmgrepemmye  .......................................... ................................................... ......... 54  5. Dstdsheo ...................................................... ............................................................................ .......................................... .................... 54  ?. Wrf ...................................................... ............................................................................ ............................................. ........................... .... ?9  G. Kzerd‐eh kem Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme sgrte Ygmgrepemmye ........................ Ygmgrepemmye  ........................ ?:  5. Kzerd‐eh.................... Kzerd‐eh.......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................... ......... ?:  ?. Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme  Ueobeme  ................................................. ....................................................................... ........................... .... ?;  F. Uewedk Bunhewdyeh Wshubdyeh ................................................... ............................................................ ......... ?6  5. Uewedk Wshubdyyeh........................................... .................................................................. .................................. ........... ?6  ?. Uewedk Bunhewdyeh ............................. .................................................... .............................................. ....................... ?4 

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N. Hulua [elbdfd kem ^ekh‐d  ^ekh‐d  ....................................................... .................................................................. ............ :9  5. Ygmngrtdem Hulua [elbdfd.............................................................. [elbdfd................................................................... ..... :9  ?. Ygmngrtdem Hulua ^ekh‐d  ^ekh‐d .......................................... ................................................................. ....................... :9  H. Aehlua Fdh kem Aehlua ”Ebedh  ”Ebedh  ............................................ ........................................................ ............ :9  5. Ygmngrtdem Aehlua Fddh...................................... Fddh............................................................ ............................... ......... :9  ?. Ygmngrtdem Aehlua Ebedh Eb edh ............................... ...................................................... ................................... ............ :5  D. Lhes kem [elhsds .......................................... ................................................................ .......................................... .................... :5  5. Ygmngrtdem Lhesh ................................................. ....................................................................... ............................... ......... :5   ?. Ygmngrtdem [elhsds .................................... .......................................................... .......................................... .................... :?  C. Eb-Ear we Mehyd ......................................... ............................................................... .......................................... .................... :?  5. Ygmngrtdem Ear ......................................... ............................................................... .......................................... .................... :?  ?. Ygmngrtdem Mehyd ........................................... ................................................................. ...................................... ................ ::  L. [e‐erukh [e‐erukh EbEb-‐Ekdbbeh kem Ygmgrepemmye .......................... Ygmgrepemmye .............................................. .................... ::  5. Ygmngrtdem [e‐erukh EbEb-‐Ekdbbeh ‐Ekdbbeh ....................................  ........................................................ .................... ::  ?. Jere Ygmygbgsedem [eierukh eb-Ekdbbeh ............... ...................................... ............................... ........ :: 

OEO DDD YGMW[WY ........................................................................... :7  E. Lgsdapubem ........................................................ ............................................................................... ................................... ............ :7  O. Zerem .................................. ........................................................ ............................................. .............................................. ....................... :7 

KEF[E_ YWZ[ELE ........................................................................ :6 

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OEO D YGMKEHWBWEM E. Wshub Fdqdh

Nume agmngtehud kem agmnlecd kebdb-kebdb tgmtemn sgaue hulua kerd doekeh, eldkeh, aueaebeh, sgrte elhbel, eneae Dsbea agadbdld sgoueh dbau lhusus, yemn kdsgout Wshub Fdqh. Dstdbeh jeoemn eteu kdsdpbdm dbau lgdsbeaem yemn aubed kdsusum peke eoek lg-? Hdcdrdeh dtu ogreseb kerd kue lete yelmd, eb-usub kem ebfdqh.

Lete eb-ushub ekebeh ogmtul ceael kerd eb-esb, yemn ogrertd "bemkesem tgapet agaoemnum sgsuetu'' Zgkemnlem sgjere oehese, fdqh eteu fdldh ogrertd 'pgaeheaem.'

Yere ubeae ogser agadbdld pgmkepet aesdmn-aesdmn tgmtemn kgfdmdsd Wshub Fdqh. Zyglh Leaebukkdm odm Hdaea kebea ldteo [ehrdr, agmkgfdmdsdlem Wshub Fdqh sgoened pgmngrtdem tgmtemn ledkeh-ledkeh yemn kdcekdlem sereme (ebet) umtul agmnnebd hulua-hulua fdldh.5 

O. Zgcereh Wshub Fdqh

Zgpgrtd dbau-dbau lgeneaeem bedm kebea Dsbea, Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em kem Zummeh beh beh tgapet ogrpdcelmye ushub fdqdh umtul tuaouh kem ogrlgaoemn. Kem cune, Wshub Fdqdh dmd tdkel kdpr`kulsd kgmnem sgmkdrdmye, tgtepd ogmdh-ogmdhmye sukeh eke sgcel zeaem _esububbeh kem seheoet. Oendem ushub fdqdh sgpgrtd dctdhek, qdyes, meselh, kem telhsds agrupelem aesebeh uteae yemn sukeh eke sgcel zeaem _esububbeh kem seheoet.? 

5

  Hesemub _dzqe, ‒Epe dtu Dbau Wshub Fdqh 0,‑ www.rgpuobdle.j`.dk , best a`kdfdgk ?954, kdelsgs Eprdb 59, ?9?5, https3//www.rgpuobdle.j`.dk/ogrdte/pw8k5o;78/epe-dtu-dbau-ushub-fdqh. ?

A.E. Yr`f. JV K_.YWZ[ELE _ejhaet Zyefg‐d,  Dbau Wshub Fdqh Fdqh,, gk. [da _gkelsd Yustele Zgtde, Yustele Zg.  (Oemkumn3 ZG[DECb, ?99>).

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Ygrlgaoemnem wdbeyeh Dsbea yemn sgaeldm agbues agrupelem sgoueh  pgmk`r`mn kdpgrbulemmye pgaouluem ushub fdqdh

yemn aeme heb dtu

agmneldoetlem tdaoubmye ogroened pgrs`ebem yemn ogbua kdlgtehud lgkukulem huluamye. @bgh lergme dtu, ubeae-ubeae Dsbea agaoutuhlem ledkeh-ledkeh hulua yemn sukeh kdoululem umtul kdcekdlem ruculem kebea agmnnebd kem agmgteplem hulua.

Zgjere nerds ogsermye, pgrlgaoemnem Wshub Fdqdh kepet kdoend kebea tdne tehep, yedtu3 5. [ehep eweb (eoek : H)

Yeke eoek : H, kd oeweh pgagrdmtehem Eooesydeh wdbeyeh dsbea sgaeldm agbues lg oendem [daur. Lhebdfeh-lhebdfeh Eooesydeh yemn ogrluese kebea eoek dmd ekebeh3 Eb-Ae'aum (w. ?58 H). Eb-Au'teshda (w. ??> H). Eb-^esdq (w. ?:? H), kem Eb- Autewelldb (w. ?;> H). Yeke aese agrgle dmdbeh tgrcekd suetu lgoemnldtem dbadeh kd lebemnem Dsbea, yemn kdaubed sgcel aese  pgagrdmtehem lhebdfeh Er-_esvdk. Lgoemnldtem pgadldrem peke aese dmd kdtemked kgmnem tdaoubmye sgaemnet pgmgrcgaehem kd lebemnem dbauwem ausbda. Oulu-oulu Fdbsefet Tumemd kdtgrcgaehlem kebea oehese Ereo kem lgaukdem kdogrdlem pgmcgbesem (syereh).:  Kd seapdmn dtu, dbau-dbau lgeneaeem cune ogrlgaoemn kem sgaeldm agbues `ocgl pgaoehesemmye. Heapdr kepet kdletelem oehwe tdkel eke dbau lgdsbeaem yemn ogrlgaoemn sgsukeh Eooesydeh, lgjuebd yemn tgdeh kdrdmtds eteu kdbgtellem keser- kesermye peke zeaem kdmestd Eooesydeh dmd.

?. [ehep pgrlgaoemnem, pgrlgaoemnem, (eoek ; H.)

Eoek ; H. agrupelem eoek pgraubeem lgbgaehem kdmestd Eooesydeh kebea  odkemn p`bdtdl. Yeke eoek dmd kdmestd Eooesdyeh tgrpgjeh- pgjeh agmcekd ke keubehubehkeubeh lgjdb yemn aesdmn-aesdmn kdpdapdm `bgh sg`remn subtem. Meaum kgadldem, lgbgaehem odkemn p`bdtdl dmd tdkel agapgmneruhd pgrlgaoemnem

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 Dodk.

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sgaemnet lgdbauem kd lebemnem pere ubeae lgtdle dtu. Oehlem eke yemn agmnetelem oehwe pgrlgaoemnem dbau lgdsbeaem peke eoek ; H dmd ceuh bgodh aecu kdoemkdmnlem kgmnem aese- aese sgogbuamye. Heb dmd emtere bedm kdsgoeolem aesdmn-aesdmn pgmnuese keubeh-keubeh lgjdb dtu ogrusehe agaeculem mgngrdmye kgmnem agapgroemyel leua dmtgdgltued, sgleddnus agmcekd lgoemnneem agrgle. Cune kdsgoeolem tgrcekdmye kgsgmtrebdsesd gl`m`ad yemn agaoewe keubeh- keubeh lgjdb dtu sgaeldm aelaur kem agm`pemn  pgrlgaoemnem dbau pgmngtehuem kd mgngrdmye. :. [ehep pgmygapurmeem (eoek 7 H )

Lgbgaehem p`bdtdl kd Oenhkek, yemn kdtemked kgmnem behdrmye ogogrepe keubeh lgjdb, agaoewe ertd oend pgrlgaoemnem pgrekeoem kumde Dsbea. Ygrekeoem Dsbea tdkel ?4 bend tgrpuset kd Oenkek, tgtepd cune kd l`te- l`te, sgpgrtd Jedr`, Oulhere. Nehzmeh, kem Aerlusy. Heb dtu kdsgoeolem ekemye pgrhetdem ogser kerd pere subtem, rece-rece pgmnuese keubeh- keubeh lgjdb dtu tgrhekep  pgrlgaoemnem dbau kem pgrekeoem.; 

J. Ygremem Wshub Fdqdh kebea Ygmngaoemnem Fdldh Dsbea

Ygremem ushub fdqdh kebea pgmngaoemnem fdqdh Dsbea kepet kdletelem sgoened  pgm`b`mn feqdh kebea agmngbuerlem hulua-hulua syere' kerd kebdb- kebdbmye. Kem odse cune kdletelem sgoened lgremnle ejuem yemn kepet kdnumelem sgoened  pgmngaoemnem pgadldrem fdqdh Dsbea kem sgoened pgmyerdmn pgadldrem pgadldrem sg`remn auctehdk. Zghuoumnem kgmnem dmd. Domu Lhebkum kebea ldteomye Auqekkeaeh ogrlete, ‒Zgsumnnuhmye dbau ushub dtu agrupelem dbau syerd'eh yemn yemn tgraubde, tgrtdmnnd mdbedmye, kem tgroemyel ledkehmye.‑ ledkehmye.‑   Ogrkeserlem heb tgrsgout kd etes, pere ubeae agaemkemn dbau ushub fdqdh sgoened dbau kherurd yemn pgmtdmn kem herus kdadbdld `bgh sgtdep feqdh kem kdpemkemn sgoened dbau syerd'eh yemn tgrpgmtdmn kem tgrtdmnnd mdbedmye. Ygrbu kddmnet pube oehwe ushub fdqdh agrupelem suetu usehe ubeae tgrkehubu kebea

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 Dodk.

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remnle agmcene lgutuhem kebebehbefezh yemn tgrkepet kebea mesh syere tgruteae kebea Eb-Uurem. Kem agrgle kgmnem ushub fdqdh agmj`oe agmnumnleplem aelsuk pgaouet hulua (Ebbeh) eteu aurek Esy-syerd. 7 

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 Dodk.

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OEO DD YGAOEHEZEM E. EbEb-Uur‐em Uur‐em kem Hekdts  Hekdts  5. EbEb-Uur‐em Uur‐em  

e.  Ygmngrdem Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em   Agmurut sgoendem ogser ubeae, lete Eb-Uurem ogrkeserlem sgnd oehese agrupelem ogmtul aeshker kerd lete qere 'e, yemn ogrertd oejeem. Ekepum kgfdmdsd Eb-Uurem sgjere tgradm`b`nd, agmurut sgoendem ogser ubeae Wshub Fdqdh ekebeh sgoened ogrdlut3 ‒Lebea Ebbeh yemn kdturumlem lgpeke Meod Auheaaek ZE^. kebea oehese  Ereo yemn kdmuldblem lgpeke ngmgresd sgsukehmye sgjere autewetdr, agaoejemye agrupelem doekeh, tgrtubds kebea aushef< kdaubed kerd suret Eb Fetdheh kem kdtutup kgmnem kgmnem suret Em- Mes.  Mes. ‑  ‑   o.  Lgkukulem Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em   Eb-Uur‐em Uur‐em sgoened suaogr ogroened kdsdpbdm dbau lgdsbeaem  lgdsbeaem     Eb-

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  Eb-Uurem sgoened ^ehyu Ebbeh Z^[ yedtu sgburuh eyet eyet Eb-Uur‐ Eb-Uur‐em em



ekebeh wehyu

Ebbeh< tdkel eke setu lete pum yemn

ketemn kerd

 pgrleteem eteu pdldrem Meod.

  Ldteoub Meoe web elhoer (Ogrdte kem Leoer) erdmye, Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em



agrupelem lheoer yemn kd oeweh meod yemn ketemn kerd Ebbeh kem kd sgoerlem lgpeke aemusde.

  Admhecub Heyeh (Ygk`aem Hdkup), sukeh sgherusmye sgtdep Ausbda

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agmcekdlem Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em sgoened ruculem tgrhekep sgtdep pr`obga yemn kd hekepd.

  Zgoened sebeh setu sgoeo aesulmye `remn ereo lg eneae Dsbea peke



zeaem resubebbeh kem aesulmye `remn-`remn sgleremn kem yemn elem ketemn.6 

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Ehaek

Eokub

Uds`,

‒Fumnsd

kem

Lgkukulem

Eb -Uur‐em Eb-

kebea

http3//eokubbehqds`.ob`nsp`t.j`a/  , best a`kdfdgk ?95?, kdelsgs Cumd ;, http3//eokubbehqds`.ob`nsp`t.j`a/?95:/5?/fumnsd-kem-lgkukulem-eb-qurem-kebea.htab.

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Dsbea,‑ ?9?5,

 

  Eb-Uurem sgoened suetu yemn ogrsdfet Eoekd ertdmye, Eb-Uur‐em Eb- Uur‐em dtu

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tdkel elem tgrnemtd `bgh ldteo epepum seaped herd ldeaet oedl dtu sgoened suaogr hulua, suaogr dbau pgmngtehuem kem bedm-bedm. Eb-Uur‐em Uur‐em kd kd muldb muldb sgjere autewettdr ertdmye, EbEb-Uur‐em kdseapedlem   Eb-

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lgpeke `remn bedm sgjere tgrus-agmgrus `bgh sglgb`ap`l

`remn yemn

tdkel aumnldm ogrsgpelet umtul ogrkuste lergme oemyelmye cuabeh `remn kem ogrogke-ogkemye tgapet tdmnneb agrgle.

  EbEb-Uur‐em Uur‐em sgoened suaogr hulua, sgburuh aezheo sgpelet EbEb-Uur‐em Uur‐em

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sgoened suaogr uteae kebea agmgteplem hulua, kebea lete bedm  oehwe Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em agmgapetd p`sdsd eweb kerd tgrtdo suaogr hulua kebea ogrhucceh.4 Eb-Uur‐em Uur‐em kd seapedlem lgpeke meod Auheaaek sgjere bdsem ertdmye,   Eb-

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 oedl befez eteupum aelmemye kerd Ebbeh Z^[. Eb-Uur‐em Uur‐em tgraeltuo kebea Aushef, ertdmye oehwe sgtdep wehyu Ebbeh   Eb-

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yemn befez kem aelmemye ogreseb kerd-Mye dtu tgraeltuo kebea Aushef (tgbeh kd oululem).

  Eneae dsbea ketemn kgmnem eb qur'emmye agaoule bgoer-bgoer aete

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aemusde ener agrgle aemyekerd cetd kdrd kem heldlet hdkup kd aule  ouad.

?. Hekdts

e.  Ygmngrtdem Hekdts Hekdts agmurut oehese yedtu sgsuetu yemn oeru, agmumcullem sgsuetu yemn kglet eteu weltu yemn sdmnlet. Hekdts cune ogrertd ogrdte yedtu sgsuetu yemn kdogrdtelem, kdpgrodmjemnlem, kem kdpdmkehlem kerd sg`remn lgpeke `remn bedm. Hekdts agmurut dstdbeh syere‐ debeh heb-heb heb-heb yemn ketemn kerd _esububbeh ZE^,  oedl dtu ujepem, pgrouetem, eteu pgmneluem (teqrdr). Ogrdlut dmd ekebeh  pgmcgbesem agmngmed ujepem, pgrouetem, kem pgrleteem.

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Hekdts Ueubdyeh ( ujepem) yedtu hekdts hekdts _esububbeh ZE^, yemn kdujeplemmye kebea ogroened tucuem kem pgrsuedem (sdtuesd). Hekdts Fd‐bdyeh yedtu pgrouetem-pgrouetem pgrouetem-pgrouetem Meod Auheaaek ZE^, sgpgrtd  pglgrceem agbelulem shebet bdae weltu kgmnem tetejeremye kem rulumrulummye, pglgrceem agmumedlem doekeh hecdmye kem pglgrceemmye agmnekdbd kgmnem setu selsd kem suapeh s uapeh kerd pdhel pgmukuh. Hekdts [eqrdrdyeh yedtu pgrouetem sgoendem pere seheoet Meod yemn tgbeh kddlrerlem `bgh Meod ZE^, oedl pgrouetem dtu ogrogmtul ujepem eteu pgrouetem, sgkemnlem dlrer dtu ekelebemye kgmnem jere agmkdealemmye, kem eteu agbehdrlem emnnepem oedl tgrhekep pgrouetem dtu, sghdmnne kgmnem ekemye dlrer kem pgrsgtucuem dtu. Odbe sgsg`remn agbelulem suetu pgrouetem eteu agmngaulelem suetu ujepem kdhekepem Meod eteu peke aese Meod, Meod agmngtehud epe yemn kdbelulem `remn dtu kem aeapu agmyemnnehmye, meaum  Meod kdea kem tdkel agmyemnnehmye, aele heb dtu agrupelem pgmneluem pgmnelue m kerd  Meod.  o.  Lgkukulem Hekdts Kebea lgkukulemmye sgoened pgmcgbes, hekdts lekemn-lekemn agapgrbues hulua kebea Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em eteu agmgteplem sgmkdrd hulua kd buer epe yemn kdtgmtulem Ebbeh kebea Eb-Uurem.>  Lgkukulem Hekdts sgoened oeyemd eteu agmcebemlem fumnsd yemn agmcgbeslem hulua Eb-Uurem, tdkel kdrenulem bend kem kepet kd tgrdae `bgh sgaue pdhel, lergme agaemn umtul dtubeh Meod kd tuneslem Ebbeh Z^[. Meaum kebea lgkukulem hekdts sgoened kebdb yemn ogrkdrd sgmkdrd kem sgoened suaogr lgkue sgtgbeh Eb-Uurem, agmcekd oehem pgrodmjemnem kdlebemnem ubeae. Ygrodmjemnem dmd aumjub kd sgoeolem `bgh lgtgremnem Ebbeh sgmkdrd yemn agmcgbeslem oehwe Eb-Uurem eteu ecerem Dsbea dtu tgbeh sgapurme. @bgh lergmemye tdkel pgrbu bend kdteaoeh `bgh suaogr bedm.

>

  Ceaerdb, ‒Ygmngrtdem, Lgkukulem, kem Fumnsd Hekdts,‑  suaoer.lgagmen.n`.dk , best a`kdfdgk

?95>, kdelsgs Cumd ;, ?9?5, https3//suaoer.lgagmen.n`.dk/v?/p`st/547?/pgmngrtdem-lgkukulemkem-fumnsd-hekdts.htab.

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Cuahur ubeae ogrpgmkepet oehwe Hekdts ogrlgkukulem sgoened suaogr eteu kebdb lgkue sgtgbeh Eb-Uurem kem agapumyed lgluetem umtul kdteetd sgrte agmndlet umtul sgaue uaet Dsbea.

O. Dcae kem Udyes sgrte Ygmgrepemmye 5. Dcae‐ Dcae‐  

e.  Ygmngrtdem Dcae‐ Dcae‐   Dcae agrupelem suaogr pgmgtepem hulua Dsbea sgtgbeh Ebqurem kem Es Zummeh. Agmnutdp oulu Dcae Zgoened Kebdb Zyerd Lgtdne tubdsem [ecum Meshr, kgfdmdsd dcae ekebeh ‒Lgsgpeletem pere auctehdk kerd uaet Auheaaek ZE^ sgtgbeh wefetmye ogbdeu peke suetu aese agmngmed hulua syer‐d‑.  syer‐d‑.   Dcae tdkel o`bgh kdbelulem `bgh sgaoeremn `remn. Hemye agrgle yemn agmjeped kgrecet auctehdk-beh auctehdk-be h yemn kdpgrhdtumnlem pgmkepetmye. Agmnutdp curmeb L`msgp Dcae kebea Wshub Fdqh kem Lbeda Lbed a Ngrelem Dsbea ?5? tubdsem Jheada [`herd (?9543 575), lrdtgrde auctehdk ekebeh `remn yemn  ogreneae Dsbea, oebdnh, ogreleb sghet, agapumyed elhbel yemn oedl. De cune agmnuesed dbau oehese Ereo ogsgrte tete oehesemye sgjere oedl, agaehead eyet-eyet Ebqurem kem hekdts-hekdts, sgrte aeapu agbelulem dstdmoeth hulua kerd Ebqurem kem Zummeh.8   o.  Lgkukulem Dcae‐  Dcae‐  Yeke prdmsdpmye Cuahur ubeae ushub fdqdh agmyetelem oehwe dcae sgoened upeye pere auctehdk kebea agmgteplem hulua hulua suetu lesus yemn tdkel eke huluamye kebea mesh herus agapumyed bemkesem. Cuahur ubeae ogrpgmkepet oehwe lgkukulem dcae agmgapetd sebeh setu suaogr eteu kebdb hulua hulua sgsukeh Eb Uurem kem Zummeh. (Auheaek Hesod Es Zdkkdq, 544>). Dmd ogrertd oehwe dcae kepet agmgteplem hulua yemn agmndlet kem wecdo kdpetuhd uaet Dsbea Dsbea odbe tdkel eke lgtgtepem huluamye huluamye kebea Eb Uurem kem Zummeh. Wmtul agmnuetlem pgmkepet dmd, 8

 Ogrdte Herd Dmd, ‒Dcae3 Ygmngrtdem, _ulum, kem Kebdbmye,‑ luaperem.j`a luaperem.j`a,, best a`kdfdgk ?9?5,

kdelsgs Cumd 7, ?9?5, https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herd-dmd/dcae-pgmngrtdem-rulum-kem-kebdbmye5vJC`Z@j`NF/fubb.

55

 

Cuahur Wbeae agmngaulelem ogogrepe eyet kem hekdts hekdts Meod kdemteremye UZ. Em Mdse (;) eyet 557 3 ‒ Kem oeremn oeremn sdepe yemn agmgtemn _esub sgsukeh  cgbes lgogmerem oendmye kem agmndlutd cebem yemn oulem cebem `remn-`remn auladm, aele oderlem de bgbuese tgrhekep lgsgsetem yemn tgbeh kdluesedmye dtu kem lead aesullem de lg lg mgrele cehemmea ‑.  ‑.  Seaelhserd (Zubedaem Eokubbeh, 5447) agmn`agmterd oehwe eyet dmd agmumcullem dcae agapumyed

hucceh yemn tdkel o`bgh kdpgrsgbdsdhlem

sgoenedaeme Eb Uurem kem Hekdts. Zgkemn Eadky agmnetelem oehwe eyet dmd agrupelem eyet yemn eae luet pgtumculmye tgmtemn lghuccehem dcae, kdaeme Ebbeh Zwt agmnemjea

`remn yemn yemn agmndlutd agmndlutd oulem cebem `remn auladm

kgmnem agaesullem lg mgrele cehemmea kem tgapet yemn pebdmn ourul. Cebem `remn auladm kdertdlem sgoened epe yemn kdsgpeletd umtul kdbelulem `bgh `remn 4

auladm. Dmdbeh yemn yemn kdsgout dcae.  

J. Dstdhsem kem Aeshbehet Aursebet sgrte Ygmgrepemmye 5. Dstdhsem

e.  Ygmngrtdem Dstdhsem Agmurut oehese, dstdhsem ogrertd agmnemnnep oedl eteu agmjerd yemn oedl. Agmurut ubeae ushub fdqh, debeh agmdmnneblem hulua yemn tgbeh kdtgteplem lgpeke hulua yemn bedmmye, peke suetu pgrdstdwe eteu lgcekdem yemn kdtgteplem  ogrkeser kebdb syere'. Cekd sdmnletmye, dstdhsem ekebeh tdmkelem agmdmnneblem setu hulua lgpeke hulua bedmmye kdsgoeolem lergme eke suetu kebdb syere' yemn agmnheruslem umtul agmdmnneblemmye. Adseb yemn pebdmn sgrdmn kdlgaulelem ekebeh pgrdstdwe kdtdmnneblemmye hulua p`t`mn temnem oend pgmjurd kd zeaem lhebdfeh Waer odm Eb-Lhetteo re. Yekeheb sgherusmye pgmjurd herus kdp`t`mn temnemmye. Dtu ekebeh suetu hulua 4

  Endb Oehs`em, ‒Lgkukulem Dcae Zgoened Kebdb Hulua tgrhekep Fetwe Gl`m`ad Dsbea L`mtgap`tgr kd Dmk`mgsde,‑ rgp`sdt`ry.umn.ej.dk   (m.k.), https3//rgp`sdt`ry.umn.ej.dk/ngt/sdabdtPrgs/5/:56/Lgkukulem-Dcae-Zgoened-KebdbHulua[grhekep-Fetwe-Gl`m`ad-Dsbea-L`mtgap`tgr-kd-Dmk`mgsde.pkf.

5?

 

eseb. Meaum lgaukdem hulua dmd kdtdmnneblem lgpeke hulua bedmmye, ogrupe tdkel aga`t`mn temnem pgmjurd. Dmd ekebeh hulua ogrdlutmye, kgmnem suetu kebdb tgrtgmtu yemn agmnuetlemmye. Aube-aube pgrdstdwe eteu lgcekdem dtu tgbeh kdtgteplem huluamye ogrkeser mesh, yedtu pgmjurd herus kdp`t`mn temnemmye. Lgaukdem kdtgaulem mesh yemn bedm yemn agmnheruslem umtul agmdmnneblem hulua kerd pgrdstdwe eteu lgcekdem yemn tgbeh kdtgteplem dtu, pdmkeh lgpeke hulua bedm. Kebea heb dmd, sglebdpum kebdb pgrteae kdemnnep luet, tgtepd lgpgmtdmnem agmnhgmkeld  pgrpdmkehem hulua dtu.59 

 o.  Ygmgrepem Dstdhsem Agmurut aekzheo Eou Hemdfeh, odbe sg`remn agweqeflem sgodkemn temeh  pgrtemdem, aele kgmnem agmnnumelem dstdhsem, yemn tgraesul kdweqeflem ekebehhel pgmnedrem, hel agaouet seburem edr kd etes temeh dtu kem sgoenedmye. Zgoeo lebeu agmurut qdyes (cebd), hel-hel tgrsgout tdkel aumnldm kdpgr`bgh, lergme tdkel o`bgh agmnqdyeslem weqef dtu kgmnem cueb ogbd. Yeke cueb ogbd yemn pgmtdmn debeh pgadmkehem hel adbdl kerd pgmcueb lgpeke  pgaogbd. Odbe weqef kdqdyeslem lgpeke cueb ogbd, ogrertd yemn pgmtdmn debeh hel adbdl dtu. Zgkemn agmurut dstdhsem hel tgrsgout kdpgr`bgh kgmnem agmnqdyeslem weqef dtu lgpeke sgwe-agmygwe. Yeke sgwe-agmygwe yemn pgmtdmn debeh pgadmkehem hel agapgr`bgh aemfeet kerd pgadbdl oeremn lgpeke pgmygwe oeremn. Kgadldem pube hebmye kgmnem weqef. Temn pgmtdmn peke weqef debeh ener  oeremn yemn kdweqeflem dtu kepet kdaemfeetlem. Zgodkemn seweh hemye kepet kdaemfeetlem cdle agapgr`bgh pgmnedrem yemn oedl. Cdle weqef dtu kdqdyeslem lgpeke cueb ogbd (qdyes cebd), aele tucuem weqef tdkel elem tgrjeped, lergme peke  cueb ogbd yemn kduteaelem pgadmkehem hel adbdl. Lergme dtu pgrbu kdjerd esebmye yemn bedm, yedtu sgwe-agmygwe. 59

  AE Wst. Ehaek Zerwet, Bj., ‒[gmtemn Dstdhsem kem Ygmngrtdemmye,‑ ruaehfdqdh.j`a ruaehfdqdh.j`a,, best

a`kdfdgk ?99>, kdelsgs Cumd 6, ?9?5, https3//www.ruaehfdqdh.j`a/l`msubtesd-5564-tgmtemndstdhsem-kem-pgmngrtdemmye.htab.

5:

 

Lgkue pgrdstdwe dmd eke pgrseaeem 'dbbet-mye yedtu agmnuteaelem aemfeet  oeremn eteu herte, tgtepd qdyesmye ekebeh qdyes lhefd. Lergme eke suetu lgpgmtdmnem, yedtu tgrjepedmye tucuem weqef, aele kdbelulembeh pgrpdmkehem kerd qdyes cebd lgpeke qdyes lhefd, yemn kdsgout dstdhsem.

j.  Lgkukulem Dstdhsem Zgoenedaeme kdsgoutlem sgogbuamye, dstdhsem agrupelem sebeh setu kebdb yemn kdpgrsgbdsdhlem pgmnnumeemmye `bgh pere ubeae, eke yemn agmgrdaemye sgoened sebeh setu hucceh kebea pgmgtepem hulua Dsbea kem eke pube yemn agm`belmye. Ygrteae, dstdhsem kepet kdnumelem sgoened hucceh. Ygmkepet dmd kdpgnemnd

`bgh Hemefdeh, Aebdldyeh kem Hemeodbeh. Kebdb yemn kdpeled umtul agmnuetlem  pgmkepet dmd emtere bedm fdraem Ebbeh swt. Kebea UZ. Eb-Suaer (:4)3 773

‫ ـيه‬‫ص‬  ‫ن‬ ‫ ـيه‬

 

‫ؿ‬‫تـ‬  ‫تءغن‬ ‫ـوخ‬‫وخ‬ 

‒Kem dlutdbeh sgoedl -oedl -oedl epe yemn tgbeh kdturumlem lgpekeau (Eb-Uurem)‐ (Eb-Uurem)‐  

?. Aesbehet Aursebet

e.  Ygmngrtdem Aesbehet Aursebet Zgjere oehese, aesbeheh agadbdld ertd ekemye aemfeet. Zgjere dstdbeh, Daea Nh`zebd agmcgbeslem oehwe peke kesermye, aesbeheh ekebeh agmneaodb aemfeet kem agm`bel lgaukheretem kebea remnle agagbdhere tucuem-tucuem syere‐.55  Zgkemnlem aursebeh agadbdld ertd tgrbgpes eteu ogoes. Aelsukmye ekebeh tgrbgpes eteu ogoes kerd lgtgremnem yemn agmumcullem o`bgh eteu tdkel  o`bghmye kdbelulem.

55

  Ogrdte Herd Dmd, ‒Ygmcgbesem kem J`mt`h Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea Lghdkupem,‑

luaperem.j`a,, best a`kdfdgk ?9?9, kdelsgs Cumd >, ?9?5, https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herdluaperem.j`a dmd/pgmcgbesem-kem-j`mt`h-aesbeheh-aursebeh-kebea-lghdkupem-5uOJGVoD5?d.

5;

 

Kdlutdp kerd curmeb Ygmgrepem Aesbeheh Aursebeh Kebea Gl`m`ad Dsbea lerye Yr`f. Kr. Ehaek U`rdo kem Kr. Dsmedmd Herehep, aesbeheh aursebeh ekebeh sgsuetu yemn oedl agmurut eleb. Meaum kgmnem pgrtdaoemnem kepet agwucuklem lgoedlem kem agmnhdmkerlem lgourulem oend aemusde.

 o.  Ygmgrepem Aesbehet Aursebet

  [umtumem ogrdoekeh kd aese pemkgad J@VDK-54 sgpgrtd tdkel



agbelulem sh`bet Cuaet kem sh`bet terewdh ogrceaeeh kd aescdk, agmutup aescdk umtul sgagmtere, kem sh`bet agmnnumelem aeslgr.

  Ygmjetetem pgrlewdmem kebea suret yemn rgsad agmcekd aesbehet umtul



sehmye nunetem kebea pgrlewdmem, mefleh, pgaoendem herte ogrseae, werds kem bedmmye.

  Epeodbe uemn les mgnere agmnebead kgfdsdt kem tdkel agmjulupd umtul



agagmuhd pgaodeyeem tgmtere, aele pgagrdmteh kdpgro`bghlem agmerdl pumnutem wecdo lgpeke `remn-`remn leye umtul agmutupd lgoutuhem yemn agmkgsel, seaped oedtub aeb agmkepetlem aesulem uemn eteu lgoutuhem agrgle tgrjulupd.

  Kebea Ebqurem kem sumeh _esub tdkel eke mesh yemn agberemn



agmnuapublem Ebqurem kerd hefebem lg kebea ogmtul tubdsem. Meaum seheoet kd aese Eou Oeler agmubds kem agmnuapublem Ebqurem kebea setu aushef aushef lergme aesbehet, yedtu agmcene Ebqurem

kerd

lgpumehem lergme agmdmnnebmye sgcuabeh pgmnhefeb Ebqurem kerd ngmgresd seheoet.

j.  Lgkukulem Aesbehet Aursebet Ogrdlut dmd elem kdcgbeslem pgrogkeem pgmkepet emtere lebemnem aezheo ushub yemn agmgrdae kem yemn agm`bel sgrte ernuagmtesd agrgle aesdmn-aesdmn. aesdmn-aesd mn.5?  5?

  Zegpub Ezdz, ‒Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea Lgkukulemmye sgoened Zuaogr Hulua Dsbea,‑  ceoer.lgagmen.n`.dk , best a`kdfdgk ?9?9, kdelsgs Cumd 8, ?9?5, https3//ceoer.lgagmen.n`.dk/p`rteb/rgek/aesbeheh-aursebeh-kebea-lgkukulemmye-sgoenedsuaogr-hulua-dsbea.

57

 

5. Lgb`ap`l pgrteae agmnetelem oehwe Aesbeheh Aursebeh ekebeh agrupelem sebeh setu kerd suaogr hulua kem sglebdnus hucceh syer‐dyeh. Ekepum ernuagmtesd lgb`ap`l dmd ekebeh3

  Ekemye teqrdr (pgmneluem) Meod etes pgmcgbesem Au‐ez odm Ceoeb yemn



elem agmnnumelem dctdhek od eb-re‐yd eb-re‐yd odbe tdkel agmgaulem eyet Ebqurem kem Zummeh Meod umtul agmygbgsedlem sgoueh lesus hulua. Ygmnnumeem dctdhek dmd agmneju peke pgmnnumeem keye meber eteu suetu yemn kdemnnep aesbeheh. Meod sgmkdrd weltu dtu tdkel agaogoemdmye umtul agmjerd kulumnem mesh.

  Ekemye eaebdeh preltgl yemn ogndtu agbues kd lebemnem seheoet Meod



tgmtemn pgmnnumeem Aesbeheh Aursebeh sgoened suetu lgekeem yemn sukeh kdtgrdae ogrseae `bgh pere seheoet tempe sebdmn agmyebehlem. Adsebmye, pere seheoet tgbeh agmnhdapum Ebqurem kebea setu aushef, kem dmd kdbelulem lergme lhewetdr Ebqurem odse hdbemn. Heb dmd tdkel eke peke aese Meod kem tdkel pube eke beremnemmye. Ygmnuapubem Ebqurem kebea setu aushef dmd, sgaete-aete kgad lgaesbehetem. Kem kebea preltglmye pere seheoet tgbeh agmnnumelem aeshbeheh aursebeh yemn seae sglebd tdkel kdtgaulem setu kebdb pum yemn agberemn eteu agmyuruhmye. Zgsumnnuhmye pere seheoet tgbeh agmnnumelem aeshbeheh aursebeh sgsued kgmnem tucuem syere‐, aele herus kdeaeblem sgsued kgmnem tucuem dtu. Cdle agmngmyeapdmnlem  ogrertd tgbeh agmngmyeapdmnlem tucuem syerdet kem heb dtu kdemnnep  oeteb kem tdkel kepet kdtgrdae. @bgh lergme dtu, ogrpgnemn lgpeke aeshbehet ekebeh suetu lgwecdoem.

  Zuetu aesbehet odbe myete lgaesbehetemmye kem tgbeh sgcebem kgmnem



aelsuk pgaouet hul ua ua (Zyerd‐), aele agmnnumelem aesbehet tgrsgout ogrertd tgbeh agagmuhd tucuem syer‐d, agsldpum tdkel eke kebdb 56

 

lhusus yemn agmkulumnmye. Zgoedlmye epeodbe tdkel kdnumelem umtul agmgteplem suetu lgaesbehetem kebea lgodcelsemeem hulua elem  ogrertd agbebedlem agbebedl em tucuem yemn kdaelsuk `bgh syer‐d. Lergme dtu kebea agmnnumelem Aesbeheh Aursebeh dtu sgmkdrd tdkel lgbuer kerd prdmsdp prdmsdp syere‐.  syere‐. 

  Zgsumnnuhmye tucuem pgmsyerdetem hulua ekebeh umtul agrgebdsdr



lgaesbehetem kem agm`bel tdaoubmye lgruselem kebea lghdkupem aemusde. Kem tdkel kepet kdrenulem bend oehwe lgaesbehetem dtu tgrus  ogrlgaoemn

kgmnem

pgrlgaoemnem

zeaem

kem

ogndtu

pube

lgaesbehetem dtu elem tgrus ogruoeh kgmnem pgruoehem sdtuesd kem bdmnlumnem. Cdle lgaesbehetem dtu tdkel kdjgraetd kem kdrgsp`m kgmnem lgtgtepem yemn sgsued lgjuebd hemye tgrpelu lgpeke kebdb, mdsjeye lgaesbehetem dtu elem hdbemn kerd lghdkupem aemusde.

?. Lgb`ap`l lgkue ogrpgmkepet oehwe Aesbeheh Aursebeh tdkel kepet kdtgrdae sgoened hucceh kebea agmgteplem hulua. Ekepum ernuagmtesd agrgle ekebeh3

  Odbe suetu aesbehet eke pgtumcul syer‐d yemn agaogmerlemmye, aele



de tgbeh tgraesul oendem kerd qdyes. Zgemkedmye tdkel eke pgtumcul syere‐ yemn agaogmerlemmye, aele de tdkel aumnldm kdsgout sgoened suetu aesbehet. Agmneaeblem sgsuetu yemn kd buer pgtumcul syere‐  ogrertd agmnelud elem luremn bgmnlepmye bgmnlepmye Ebqurem kem summeh Meod.

  Ogreaeb kgmnem aesbehet yemn tdkel agmkepet pgmneluem tgrsgmkdrd



kerd

mesh

elem

agaoewe

lgpeke

pgmneaebem

hulua

yemn

 ogrbemkeslem peke sglghgmkel hetd kem agmurut hewe mefsu.

5>

 

Lgogretem

eb-Nhezebd

umtul

agmnnumelem

Aesbeheh

Aursebeh

sgogmermye lergme tdkel dmndm agbelsemelem hulua sgjere sggmelmye.

  Agmnnumelem aesbehet kebea dctdhek tempe ogrpgnemn peke mesh elem



agmneldoetlem aumjubmye sdlep ogoes kebea agmgteplem hulua yemn agmneldoetlem sgsg`remn tgremdeye etes meae hulua. Heb yemn kgadldem agmyebehd prdmsdp pgmgtepem hulua kebea Dsbea, yedtu ‒tdkel o`bgh agrusel, cune tdkel eke yemn kdrusel‑.  kdrusel‑. 

  Zgemkedmye kdo`bghlem ogrdctdhek kgmnem aesbeheh yemn tdkel



agmkepet kulumnem kerd mesh, aele elem agaogrd lgaumnldmem umtul ogruoehmye hulua syere‐ lergme ebesem ogruoehmye weltu kem  ogrbedmemmye tgapet ogrbelumye hulua syere‐, cune lergme ogrbedmem emtere sgsg`remn kgmnem `remn bedm. Kebea lgekeem kgadldem, tdkel elem eke lgpestdem hulua.

Odbe kdpgrhetdlem pgrogkeem pgmkepet kdlebemnem pere ubeae kem ernuagmmye aesdmn-aesdmn, ubeae yemn agmgrdae kem agm`bel agt`kg Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea dctdhek, teapelmye tdkel eke pgrogkeem sgjere prdmsdp. Lgb`ap`l yemn agmgrdae, tgrmyete tdkel agmgrdaemye sgjere autbel oehlem agmgteplem  ogogrepe pgrsyeretem yemn ogret. Ogndtu pube lgb`ap`l yemn agm`bel tgrmyete keser pgm`belemmye ekebeh lergme lglhewetdrem kerd lgaumnldmem tgrngbdmjdr  peke lgsebehem cdle seaeped agmgteplem hulua kgmnem sglghgmkel hetd kem  ogrkeserlem hewe mefsu. Zgemkedmye lglhewetdrem dmd kepet kdhdmkerlem, uapemye tgbeh kdtgaulem nerds lgseaeem kgmnem prdmsdp eseb, agrgle cune elem agmnnumelem Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea ogrdctdhek, sgoenedaeme Daea Zyefd‐d sgmkdrd agbelulemmye. @bgh lergme dtu, Aesbeheh Aursebeh agrupelem oendem kerd syerdet yemn tdkel  o`bgh kdlgseapdmnlem. Agsldpum de tdkel kdsgoutlem kebea mesh sgjere tglstueb, tepd sgjere suostemsdeb de kdoutuhlem aemusde, bgodh-bgodh yemn  ogrsgmtuhem bemnsumn kgmnem lgoutuhem p`l`l (Kzerurdyyeh) agrgle. @bgh 58

 

lergme dtu, Sely eb-Kdm eb-Kdm Zye‐oem agmygoutlem oehwe aesbąheh aursąbeh agrupelem sebeh setu keser tesyrd‐ yemn pgmtdmn kem agaumnldmlem umtul agbehdrlem mdbed-mdbed lgoedlem cdle pere ehbd aeapu agmjgraetdmye sgjere tecea kebea ledtemmye kgmnem dbau syerdet. K. Dstdsheo kem ”Wrf sgrte Ygmgrepemmye  Ygmgrepemmye  5. Dstdsheo

e.  Ygmngrtdem Dstdsheo Dstdsheo kebea Dsbea agrupelem upeye agmkgletlem setu pgrdstdwe hulua kgmnem pgrdstdwe bedmmye sghdmnne lgkuemye kdmdbed seae huluamye. Bgodh bgmnlepmye, agmnutdp curmeb Dstdsheo kem Huluamye kebea Dsbea `bgh _dkwem, dstdsheo peke kesermye agrupelem suetu agt`kg pgmgauem hulua  ogrkeserlem hulua yemn sukeh eke sgogbuamye sgbeae ogbua eke kebdb (oultd hulua) oeru yemn agmyetelem sgoebdlmye.  o.  Ygmgrepem Dstdsheo Ekepum j`mt`h pgmgrepem dstdsheo, kd emteremye3

  Odkemn Hulua Ydkeme



Kebea hulua pdkeme, l`msgp dstdsheo semnet rgbgvem kgmnem eses  prekune tel ogrsebeh, kd aeme sg`remn tgrkelwe lgtdle agmcebemd pr`sgs  pgrekdbem kdemnnep tdkel ogrsebeh seaped eke oultd hulua aetgrdeb  oehwe `remn tgrsgout kdmyetelem ogrsebeh `bgh pgmnekdbem. pgmnekdbem.5: 

  Odkemn Hulua Ygrkete



Ygmgrepem l`msgp dstdsheo kebea hulua pgrkete ogrbelu kebea odkemn  pgrdletem gl`m`ad, oehwe peke kesermye sgtdep `remn ogoes kerd sgnebe temnnumnem ogrupe lgwecdoem pgrkete. Adsebmye, cdle sg`remn pgmnnunet agbep`rlem tgrnunet lg pgmnekdbem kgmnem nunetem umtul agbumesd hutemnmye, tgrnunet ogrhel umtul agm`belmye hdmnne pgmnnunet aeapu agaoultdlem kd pgmnekdbem. 5:

  Ogrdte Herd Dmd, ‒Dstdsheo3 Ygmngrtdem, AejeaAejea -aejea, kem J`mt`h Ygmgrepemmye,‑

luaperem.j`a,, best a`kdfdgk ?9?5, kdelsgs Cumd 8, ?9?5, https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herdluaperem.j`a dmd/dstdsheo-pgmngrtdem-aejea-aejea-kem-j`mt`h-pgmgrepemmye-5vUF;baX?GL/fubb.

54

 

  Hulua Ygrlewdmem



Cdle agmurutd l`msgp dstdsheo, preltdl mdleh sdrd kdemnnep tdkel pgrmeh. Zgoeo, sgsued kgmnem Wmkemn-Wmkemn Ygrlewdmem yemn agmyetelem  oehwe, suetu s uetu pgrlewdmem oeru kdmyetelem seh s eh sgjere hulua mgnere cdle kepet kdoultdlem kgmnem eltg mdleh agbebud pgmjetetem pgrlewdmem. Oultd dmd sglebdnus agmcekd temke behdrmye hel kem lgwecdoem oeru oend  pesemnem suead dstrd.

?. Wrf

e.  Ygmngrtdem Wrf ”Wrf ogreseb kerd lete ”erefe yemn agapumyed kgrdvesd lete ebae”ruf yemn  ogrertd sgsuetu yemn kdlgmeb eteu kdlgtehud. Zgkemnlem ”urf agmurut oehese ekebeh lgodesem yemn oedl. Ekepum pgmngrtdem ”urf ekebeh sgsuetu pgrouetem eteu pgrleteem kdaeme cdwe agreselem suetu lgtgmemnem kebea agmngrcelemmye lergme sukeh sgcebem kgmnem b`ndle kem kepet kdtgrdae `bgh wetel lgaemusdeemmye. Agmurut fuqehe, ”urf ekebeh sgnebe sgn ebe sgsuetu yemn tgbeh agmcekd lgodeseem aesyerelet kem kdbelulem tgrus-agmgrus, oedl ogrupe pgrleteem aeupum pgrouetem. Aele kepet kdpehead, ”urf ekebeh pgrleteem eteu pgrouetem  oedl yemn tgbeh p`pubgr kem kdlgrcelem `bgh `remn oemyel kebea aesyerelet. Er tdmye tdmye ”urf agrupelem lgodeseem oedl yemn kdbelulem sgjere ogrubemnubemn `bgh aesyerelet.5;   o.  Ygmgrepem Wrf Lereltgrdstdl

hulua

Dsbea

ekebeh

syuaub

(umdvgrseb)

kem

weqdyeh

(l`mtglstueb) lergme kebea sgcereh pgrlgaoemnem (pgmgtepem)mye semnet agapgrhetdlem trekdsd, l`mkdsd (s`sd`lubtureb), kem tgapet aesyerelet sgoened `ocgl,

kem

sglebdnus

suocgl

(pgbelu,

pgbelseme)

hulua. 57  Ygrcebemem

sgbemcutmye, pere Daea Auctehdk kebea agmgreplem eteu agmgteplem suetu

5;

  Fdtre _dzeb, ‒Ygmgrepem ”Wrf Zgoened Agt`kg kem Zuaogr Hulua Gl`m`ad Dsbea,‑  Eb-

 Aemhec3 Curmeb Hulua kem Yremete Z`sdeb Dsbea (m.k.). Dsbea (m.k.). 57  Dodk.

?9

 

lgtgmtuem hulua (fdqh) cune tdkel agmngseapdmnlem pgrhetdemmye tgrhekep trekdsd, l`mkdsd, kem lubtureb sgtgapet (”urf).  (”urf).   ‐Wrf tgbeh tgroultd kepet kdcekdlem sgoened keser umtul agmjerd tdtdl tgau emtere eltdvdtes gl`m`ad yemn ogrlgaoemn kd aesyerelet kgmnem preltgl gl`m`ad yemn ogrsgmkdlem Dsbea. ‐Wrf shehdh tgroultd tgroultd agapumyed tdtdl tgau yemn semnet cgbes, lergme ”urf agrupelem sgnebe sgsuetu yemn sukeh sebdmn kdlgmeb kd emtere aemusde yemn tgbeh agmcekd lgodeseem eteu trekdsd, oedl  ogrsdfet pgrleteem, pgrouetem eteu kebea ledtemmye kgmnem agmdmnneblem  pgrouetem tgrtgmtu. tgrtgmtu. Kgmnem kgadldem ”urf umtul sgbemcutmye kepet kdcekdlem sgoened agt`kg kem suaogr hulua Dsbea (custdfdlesd) kebea pgrlgaoemnem  pgrgl`m`adem lergme sgsued kgmnem hulua kem prdmsdp-prdmsdp gl`m`ad Dsbea. Kerd pgmcgbesem kddetes kepet kdsdapublem oehwe ”urf kepet kepet kdcekdlem bemkesem hulua umtul agbelulem tremselsd gl`m`ad. Lergme pgrlgaoemnem dmkustrd yemn sgaeldm aecu elem ogrkeapel peke  pgrlgaoemnem tremselsd kebea gl`m`ad yemn sgaeldm l`apbgl sghdmnne  oemyel lgndetem tremselsd yemn agaoutuhlem dctdhek umtul agmjerd s`busdmye kerd pgraesebem yemn aumnldm aumjub. Ekepum yemn kdaelsuk gl`m`ad Dsbea ekebeh sgoueh usehe sdstgaetds umtul agaehead aesebeh-aesebeh gl`m`ad kem tdmnleh belu aemusde sgjere rgbesd`meb kebea pgrspgltdf Dsbea.:8Cekd kepet kdfehead gl`m`ad Dsbea agrupelem dbau yemn agapgbecerd pgrdbelu ausbda kebea lgndetemlgndetem gl`m`ad sgpgrtd pr`kulsd, kdstrdousd, l`msuasd kem dmvgstesd sghdmnne tgrjdpte suetu pgrgl`m`adem yemn tgretur, tgrereh sgsued kgmnem tucuemmye ogrkeserlem ecerem Dsbea. J`mt`h ”urf kebea gl`m`ad Dsbea ekebeh cueb ogbd yemn kdbelulem aesyerlet tempe agmnujeplem shdnhet dceo (adseb< seye cueb-seye ogbd). Kd supgraerlgt eteu puset pgrogbemceem bedmye pgaogbd tdmnneb agmneaodb oeremn yemn kddmndmlem sgmkdrd lgaukdem bemnsumn agaoeyer kdlesdr. Epebend uemn sgoened ebet pgaoeyerem tremselsd cune sukeh m`mtumed, julup agmnnumelem uemn gbgltr`mdl, lertu E[A eteu bedmmye. Lgaukdem kdogroened sglt`r p`be l`msuasd aesyerelelet herd dmd bgodh lg m`mtumed kem `mbdmg kdsgnebe espgl gl`m`ad, kerd  cebem t`b, necd oubemem, oeyer bdstrdl, cese `cgl, pgsem aelem, pgsem tdlgt kem ?5

 

h`tgb, ogbd pgreo`tem ruaeh temnne, oulu kem bedm sgoenedmye. Herd dmd aesyerelet kdaukehlem kgmnem hemye agaoule epbdlesd lgaukdem agagmjgt t`ao`b-t`ao`b kem elhdrmye tremselsd ogrhesdb. Kebea fdqh aueaebeh sgagstdmye shdnhet agrupelem heb yemn agmcekd rulum  cueb ogbd yemn herus kdpgmuhd. Meaum sgjere suostemtdf, shdnhet dt dtu u ekebeh umtul agmumcullem ekemye rdkhe (lgrgbeem) kerd lgkue ogbeh pdhel sgoenedaeme yemn kdfdraemlem Ebbeh Zwt yemn ertdmye ‒Hed `remn-`remn `remn -`remn yemn ogrdaem, cemnembeh leau sebdmn agaelem herte sgseaeau kgmnem cebem yemn oetdb, lgjuebd kgmnem  cebem pgrmdeneem yemn ogrbelu kgmnem sule seae-sule s eae-sule kd emtere leau (U.Z.EM( U.Z.EM Mdse‐3 ?4). Meod Auheaaek Zew cune ogrseoke ‒Zgsumnnuhmye cueb-ogbd cueb-ogbd dtu herusbeh kgmnem sebdmn rgbe/rdkhe‑(H_. Dom Aeceh)‑.  Aeceh)‑.   Kerd pgmcgbesem kdetes kepet kdpehead oehwe sgtdep tremselsd cueb ogbd herus kdbelulem kgmnem lgrgbeem `bgh lgkue ogbeh pdhel. Yeke aubemye, shdnhet herusbeh ogrupe ujepem (seye cueb) kerd pgmcueb kem ujepem pgaogbd (seye ogbd).  Meaum lgodeseem lgndetem tremselsd gl`m`ad a`kgrm herd dmd (”urf) agruoeh sgnebemye agmcekd bgodh aukeh. Adseb shdnhet agmcueb kdweldbd kgmnem beogb herne (`mbdmg eteu `ffbdmg) peke  pr`kul yemn kddmndmlem kem shdnhet agaogbd kdweldbd kgmnem lgsgkdeem agaogrd uemn (tumed eteu m`m tumed) eteupum kgmnem hemye ngrelem cerd (pgmjgt t`ao`b ‒`l‑) kd Hp eteu yemn sgcgmdsmye. sgc gmdsmye. ^ebeupum tdkel sgpgrtd shdnhet yemn kdcgbeslem

kd

bdtgreturg

lbesdl,

meaum

lergme

agmnemkumn

ertd

yemn

agmumcullem lgrgbeem kerd lgkue ogbeh pdhel aele kepet kdsdapublem oehwe hulua tremselsd a`kgrm tgrsgout o`bgh ogrkeserlem ”urf.  ”urf.  

??

 

G. Kzerd‐eh kem  kem Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme sgrte Ygmgrepemmye  Ygmgrepemmye  5. Kzerd‐eh Kzerd‐eh  

e.  Ygmngrtdem Kzerd‐eh Kzerd‐eh   Ygmngrtdem kzerd 'eh kdtdmceu kerd sgnd oehese ekebeh ' cebem agmucu sgsuetu‑.   Zgoendem ubeae agmnlhususlem pgmngrtdem kzerd‐eh kgmnem sgsuetu yemn agaoewe peke pgrouetem yemn kdberemn kem agmnemkumn lgaekeretem. 56 Elem tgtepd, pgmkepet tgrsgout kdtgmtemn `bgh pere ubeae ushub bedmmye, kd emteremye Domu Ueyyda Ec-Ceuzdyeh yemn agmyetelem oehwe kzerd 'eh dtu tdkel hemye agmyemnlut sgsuetu yemn kdberemn, tgtepd eke cune yemn kdemcurlem. Kgmnem kgadldem, bgodh tgpet lebeu kzerd‐eh dtu kdoend agmcekd kue, yedtu sekk Ekz kzerd‐eh (yemn kdberemn), kem feth EkzEkz-kzerd ‐eh (yemn kdemcurlem).  kdemcurlem).  Kzerd‐eh    o.  Ygmgrepem Kzerd‐eh Zekk Ekz-kzerd 'eh ekebeh pgrouetem yemn kdbelulem sgsg`remn yemn

sgogbuamye agmnemkumn lgaesbehetem, tgtepd ogrelhdr kgmnem suetu lgruselem. J`mt`hmye, sgsg`remn yemn tgbeh kdlgmed lgwecdoem zelet, meaum sgogbua heub (ngmep sgtehum) de agmnhdoehlem hertemye lgpeke emelmye sghdmnne kde tgrhdmker kerd lgwecdoem zelet. 5>  Hdooeh (agaogrdlem sgsuetu lgpeke `remn bedm, tempe dletem epe- epe) kebea syerdet Dsbea, agrupelem pgrouetem oedl yemn agmnemkumn lgaesbehetem. Elem tgtepd, odbe tucuemmye tdkel oedl, adsebmye umtul agmnhdmkerlem kerd lgwecdoem zelet aele huluamye kdberemn. Heb dtu kdkeserlem peke pgrtdaoemnem, oehwe hulua zelet ekebeh wecdo, sgkemnlem hdooeh ekebeh sumeh.

Agmurut Daea Esy-Zyetdod, eke lrdtgrde yemn agmcekdlem suetu pgrouetem dtu kdberemn, yedtu3

  Ygrouetem yemn tekdmye o`bgh kdbelulem dtu agmnemkumn lgruselem



  Lgaefseketem bgodh luet kerdpeke lgaeshbehetem<



56 5> Yr`f.

 Dodk.

K_. _ejhaet Zyefg‐d, Zyefg‐ d, Dbau  Dbau Wshub Fdqh. Fdqh.

?:

 

  Ygrouetem yemn kdo`bghlem syere' agmnemkumn bgodh oemyel umsur



lgaefseketemmye.

J`mt`h Zekk Eb-Kzerd‐eh Eb-Kzerd‐eh yemn bedm yedtu 3

  Sdme



huluamye

herea,

aele

agbdoet

euret

wemdte

yemn

agmnhemterlem lgpeke pgrouetem zdme cune agrupelem herea.

  Zhebet cua,et agrupelem lgwecdoem aele agmdmnneblem sgnebe



lgndetem umtul agbelsemelem shebet cua'et wecdo pube huluamye.

?. Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme  Ueobeme 

e.  Ygmngrtdem Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme  Ueobeme  Zyer‐u Aem Ueobeme ekebeh hulua Zyerd‐et sgogbua ldte (uaet Dsbea). Yere ubeae Wshub Fdqh sgpelet oehwe syerdet yemn kdogrdlem lgpeke pere meod sgogbua Meod Auheaaek, yemn tdkel tgrjemtua kebea Eb-Uur‐em Eb- Uur‐em kem Zummeh, tdkel ogrbelu bend oend uaet Dsbea. Kem syerdet sgogbua Dsbea yemn kdsgoutlem kebea Uurem kem Zummeh kem sgjere tgnes kdtgteplem oehwe syerdet dtu ogrbelu  oend uaet uaet Dsbea, aele dtu agmcekd oendem kerd Zyerdet Dsbea. Agsld Zyer‐u Aem Ueobeme sgjere l`msglugmsd hulua ogrbelu, meaum lgogrbeluemmye tgrsgout oulem lergme lgkukulemmye sgoened syerdet sgogbua Dsbea, tgtepd lergme kdtgteplem kebea Uurem kem Zumeh.58  Ygrogkeem pgmkepet kdemtere pere ubeae Wshub Fdqdh tgrcekd kebea pgrs`ebem Zyer‐u Aem Ueobeme yemn tgrjemtua kebea Uurem, tgtepd tdkel eke lgtgnesem epeleh oehwe hulua tgrsgout aesdh ogrbelu oend uaet Dsbea eteu tdkel, lergme tdkel ekemye meselh eteu pgmcgbesemem yemn agaoeteblemye.  o.  Ygmgrepem Zyer‐u aem Ueobeme  Ueobeme  Zgbedm Yuese, Uur‐em agmygout Zyer‐u Aem Ueobeme bedm, adsebmye hulua tgmtemn hulua pgaoumuhem kdkebea UZ.Eb-Aedkeh(7)3 :?.

58

  Wshub Fdqh, ‒Zyer‐u Aem Ueobeme3 Hulua Zyerd‐et Zgogbua Dsbea,‑ ushubfdqdh.j`a ushubfdqdh.j`a,, kdelsgs Cumd 8, ?9?5, https3//ushubfdqdh.j`a/syeru-aem-qeobeme-hulua-syerdet-sgogbua-dsbea/.

?;

 

‒@bgh lergme dtu Lead tgteplem (suetu (su etu hulua) oend Oemd Dsredb, oehwe oeremn sdepe agaoumuh sgsg`remn, oulem lergme `remn dtu agaoumuh `remn bedm, eteu oulem lergme ogrouet lgruselem kd ouad, aele sgelem-elem kde tgbeh agaoumuh sgaue aemusde. Oeremn sdepe agagbdhere lghdkupem sg`remn aemusde, aele sgelem-elem kde tgbeh agagbdhere lghdkupem sgaue aemusde. Zgsumnnuhmye _esub Lead tgbeh ketemn lgpeke agrgle kgmnem (agaoewe) lgtgremnem-lgtgremnem yemn cgbes. [gtepd lgaukdem oemyel kd emtere agrgle  sgtgbeh dtu agbeapeud oetes kd ouad.‑ UZ. Eb -Aedkeh(7)3 -Aedkeh(7)3 :?.

Aey`rdtes Hemefdyeh, sgoendem Aebdldyeh, kem Zyefd‐dyeh ogrpgmkepet oehwe hulua tgrsgout aesdh ogrbelu kem kdsyerdetlem cune peke ldte sgoenedaeme kdsyerdetlem lgpeke agrgle. Waet Dsbea ogrlgwecdoem agmndlutd kem agmgreplemmye lergme hulua tgrsgout tgbeh kdjgrdtelem lgpeke ldte kem cune tdkel tgrkepet hulua yemn agmeselh eteu agmnnemtd/agmnhepusmye. Kgmnem kgadldem sgtdep Aulebef wecdo agmndlutdmye. Wbeae Hemefdyeh agmdbed oehwe eyet dmd ekebeh autbel, frese pgaoumuhem kdsgout uaua, tdkel kdpgrdmjd sgjere spgsdfdl epeleh pgaoumuhem dtu ekebeh ausbda eteu pgrgapuem, beld-beld eteupum pgrgapuem, emel-emel eteu kgwese.54 

Uur‐em cune agmygoutlem huluaem qdshesh (huluaem sgtdapeb) kebea syerdet  Meod Ause kebea UZ. Eb-Aedkeh(7)3 ;7. ‒Lead tgbeh agmgteplem agmgteplem oend agrgle kd kebeamye ([euret) oehwe myewe (kdoebes) kgmnem myewe, aete kgmnem aete, hdkumn kgmnem hdkumn, tgbdmne kgmnem tgbdmne, ndnd kgmnem ndnd, kem bule-bule (pum) eke ldsesmye (oebesem  yemn seae). Oeremn sdepe agbgpeslem (hel ldses)mye, aele dtu (agmcekd)  pgmgous k`se oendmye. Oeremn sdepe tdkel agautuslem pgrlere agmurut epe  yemn kdturumlem Ebbeh, aele agrgle dtubeh `remn-`remn `remn-`remn zebda.‑ UZ. Eb  Aedkeh(7)3 ;7.

54

 Dodk.

?7

 

Ogroened ogmtul qdshesh kebea eyet tgrsgout kdpgrsgbdsdhlem kdlebemnem ubeae fdldh, epeleh sgauemye ogrbelu umtul uaet Dsbea eteu hemye sgoendem yemn  ogrbelu. Kd kebea Uurem sgmkdrd lgtgnesem lgtg nesem Udses yemn ogrbelu oend uaet Dsbea hemye lergme sgoeo pgaoumuhem, sgoenedaeme UZ. Eb-Oeqereh(?)3 5>8. ‒^ehed `remn -`remn -`remn yemn ogrdaem! Kdwecdolem etes leau (agbelsemelem) ldses ogrlgmeem kgmnem `remn yemn kdoumuh. @remn agrkgle kgmnem `remn agrkgle, heaoe seheye kgmnem heaoe seheye, pgrgapuem pgr gapuem kgmnem pgrgapuem. [gtepd oeremn sdepe agapgr`bgh aeef kerd seukeremye, hgmkelbeh kde agmndlutdmye kgmnem oedl, kem agaoeyer kdet (tgousem) lgpekemye kgmnem oedl (pube). Temn kgadldem dtu ekebeh lgrdmnemem kem rehaet kerd [uhemau.  Oeremn sdepe agbeapeud oetes sgtgbeh dtu, aele de elem agmkepet ezeo yemn  semnet pgkdh.‑ UZ. pgkdh.‑ UZ. Eb-Oeqereh(?)3 5>8

F. Uewedk Bunhewdyeh Wshubdyeh 5. Uewedk Wshubdyyeh

e.  Ygmngrtdem Uedkeh Wshubdyeh Ledkeh kebea oehese Ereo kdtubds kgmnem qedkeh, ertdmye pet`lem, pgk`aem, kem tdtdl t`bel. Eke pube yemn agmnertdlem kgmnem pgreturem. ?9  Ogmtul ceael qe‐dkeh (aufrek) ekebeh qewe‐dk. Ehaek Auheaaek Esy-Zye Esy -Zyefd‐d, fd‐d, sgoenedaeme yemn kdlgaulelem `bgh Aushbdh Wsaem agmnertdlem ledkeh sgoened ogrdlut3

‫شؠؤ‬

 3

‫ـ‬ ‫خ ـي‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ ل‬ ‫ ؠص ـآ‬ ‫ءأ‬  ‫ ـي‬ ‫ خءؠ‬   ‫ ـءي ـه‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ؿ‬‫ ـ‬ ‫ي صؤ‬ 

Ertdmye3 ‒Hulua-hulua ‒Hulua -hulua yemn ogrsdfet agmygburuh yemn kdcekdlem cebem umtul tgrjdptemye aesdn-aesdmn aesdn-aesdmn hulua cuz‐d.‑ Kebdb syere‐ dtu eke yemn ogrsdfet agmygburuh, umdvgrseb, kem nb`oeb (lubbd kem aucaeb) ke meke yemn hemye kdtumculem oend suetu hulua tgrtgmtu kerd suetu jeoemn hulua tgrtgmtu pube. Kebdb yemn ogrsdfet agmygburuh dtu kdsgout pube

?9

  Fdrkeus Auheaaek kem Aehfuzeh, ‒Uewedk Wshubdyeh Bunhewdyeh,‑ hld-rgnubgr-

5.ob`nsp`t.j`a,, best a`kdfdgk ?9?9, kdelsgs Cumd ?9, ?9?5, 5.ob`nsp`t.j`a 5.ob`nsp`t.j`a/?9?9/9;/aelebeh-qewedk-ushubdyeh-bunhewdyeh.htab.

?6

https3//hld-rgnubgr-

 

qedkeh ushubdyeh. Kerd pgmngrtdem kd etes tgrlemkumn aelsuk oehwe `ocgl  oehesem Whsub Fdqh emtere bedm ekebeh qedkeh pgmnnebdem hulua kerd suaogrmye. Kgmnem kgadldem yemn kdaelsuk kgmnem qedkeh ushubdyyeh ekebeh sgcuabeh pgreturem umtul agmnnebd hulua. Uedkeh Wshubdyyeh dtu uauamye  ogrledtem kgmnem lgtgmttuem kebebeh befezh eteu lgoeheseem. Ekepum Wshubdyyeh ogreseb kerd lete eb-eshb, ertdmye p`l`l, sgoenedaeme tgbeh kduredlem kebea pgmngrtdem ushub fdqdh oehwe aelme ushub ekebeh p`l`l, keser, eteu kebdb sgoened bemkesem. Kgmnem kgadldem aelme qedkeh ushubdyeh ekebeh pgk`aem umtul agmnnebd kebdb syere‐, tdtdl t`bel pgmneaodbem kebdb eteu  pgreturem yemn kdcekdlem agt`kg pgmnnebdem hulua. Ledkeh ushubdyeh kdsgout  cune sgoened ledkeh bunhewdyeh. Ledkeh ushubdyeh ekebeh keser-keser pgaelmeem tgrhekep lebdaet eteu lete yemn kdnumelem kebea tgls eteu mesh yemn agaogrdlem ertd hulua tgrtgmtu kgmnem kdkeserlem lgpeke pgmneaetem lgoeheseem kem lgsusetreem Ereo.

 o.  Wrngmsd Uedkeh Wshubdyeh Zgpgrtd kdsgoutlem kd etes, oehwe qedkeh ushubdyeh dtu ogrledtem kgmnem  oehese. Kebea peke dtu, suaogr hulua ekebeh wehyu yemn ogrupe oehese. @bgh lergme dtu, qedkeh ushubdyeh ogrfumnsd sgoened ebet umtul agmnnebd lgtgmtuem hulua yemn tgrkepet kebea oehese (wehyu) dtu. Agmnuesed qedkeh ushubdyeh kepet agapgraukeh feqdh umtul agmngtehud hulua Ebbeh kebea sgtdep  pgrdstdwe hulua yemn kdhekepdmye. kdhekepdmye. j.  Cgmds Uedkeh Wshubdyeh Ygmgrepem qedkeh ushubdyeh, yemn pgrteae ekebeh ledkeh bunhewdyeh, yedtu ledkeh oehese yemn ogrhuoumnem kgmnem lebdaet-lebdaet yemn tgrsdret kebea Eb-Uur‐em EbUur‐em aeupum Es-Zummeh. Es-Zummeh. Bgodh cgbesmye sgoened ogrdlut3 5)  Ledkeh ushubdyeh yemn ogrledtem kgmnem ear yemn agmumculem lgwecdoem oend aulebbef umtul agmneaeblemmye. Ledkehmye ekebeh3

‫ط‬  ‫مل‬ ‫ص‬  ‫وب‬‫ ـ ـ‬  Ertdmye3 ?>

 

‒Eseb kerd pgrdmteh dtu wecdo‑  wecdo‑  Adsebmye kebea Eb-Uur‐em Eb-Uur‐em tgrkepet eyet, ‒eqda eb-shebet eb -shebet we etu ezzeleh‑, lete ‒eqda kem etu‑ ekebeh fddb ear (lete lgrce pgrdmteh) aele eseb kerd pgrdmteh shebet kem zelet huluamye wecdo. ?)  Ledkeh lgkue3

‫ط‬  ‫مل‬ ‫ص‬  ‫ؠب‬   Ertdmye3 ‒Eseb kerd pgrdmteh dtu huluamye summet‑  summet‑  Kgmnem kgadldem, sgbedm eseb pgrdmteh dtu wecdo, eke pube yemn summet, yedtu epeodbe befezh ear kdbgmnlepd kgmnem pgtumcul summet, yedtu epeodbe befezh ear kdbgmnlepd kgmnem pgtumcul (qerdmeh) yemn  ograelme oule wecdo. Adsebmye kebea suret Eb-Auzzeadb eyet 5-?3

     ‫ ـ‬‫ؿ‬‫خ ـ‬ . ‫ ـ‬         Ertdmye3 ‒Hed `remn yemn ogrsgbdaut (Auheaaek), oemnumbeh (umtul shebet) shebet) peke aebea herd, lgjuebd sgkdldt (kerdmye).‑ (UZ. Eb Auzzeaadb3 5-?) :)  Ledkeh Wshubdyeh ogrledtem kgmnem beremnem (mehy).

‫ط‬  ‫مل‬ ‫ ك‬‫خ‬  ‫ءص‬   Ertdmye3 ‒Eseb kerd beremnem dtu huluamye herea  herea   Adsebmye beremnem ogrcukd, ogrzdme, agadmua erel, agrusel kdaule  ouad, kem sgoenedmye.

Cekd qewedk ushubdyeh dmd ogrertd ledkeh-ledkeh yemn kdpeled pere ubeae umtul agmnnebd hulua-hulua hulua-hulua yemn eke kebea Ebqur‐em kem Es-summeh Es -summeh yemn aeme ledkeh-ledkeh dtu sgogmermye ogrkeserlem aelme kem tucuem yemn tgbeh kdumnleplem `bgh pere ehbd oehese ereo (peler bdmnudstdl Ereo), sghdmnne kepet kdletelem oehwe qewedk ushubdyeh dtu ekebeh ledkeh-ledkeh yemn ogrsdfet bunhewdyeh (ogrcgmds ledkeh oehese). ?8

 

?. Uewedk Bunhewdyeh

e.  Ygmngrtdem Uedkeh Bunhewdyeh Dstdbeh qewedk bunhewdyeh tgrkdrd kerd kue lete, lete qewedk kem bunhewdyeh. Ygrteae, ekebeh lete qewedk agrupelem ceae‐ kerd lete ledkeh yemn sgjere  oehese ogrertd eturem, ruausem eteu eses-eses. Lgkue, ekebeh lete bunhewdyeh yemn sgjere oehese ogrertd epe sece yemn ogrledtem kgmnem umsur-umsur lgoeheseem. Zgkemnlem agmurut dstdbeh, qewedk bunhewdyeh ekebeh eturem-eturem agmkeser yemn agmcekd stemker umtul kdpeled kebea pgaeheaem eyet-eyet eb-qur‐em eb- qur‐em yemn kdtdmceu kerd sukut lgoeheseem. Ledkeh tgrsgout kdpeled ogrkeserlem aelme, susumem, neye oehese, kem tucuem umnlepem-umnlepem yemn tgbeh kdtgreplem `bgh pere ehbd oehese Ereo. Temn kdaelsuk kgmnem ledkeh bunhewdyeh ekebeh ledkeh yemn kdruauslem `bgh pere ubeae ogrledtem kgmnem aelsuk kem tucuem umnlepem-umnlepem  oehese Ereo yemn bezda kdnumelem `bgh oemnse ereo dtu sgmkdrd, oedl yemn tgrkepet kebea umnlepem-umnlepem sestre, sgpgrtd syedr, pr`se, kem bedm sgoenedmye. Cekd, ledkeh ushub bunhewdyeh kepet cune kdsgout sgoened ledkeh-ledkeh yemn kdremjemn umtul agaukehlem uaet dsbea agaehead mesh-mesh mesh-mesh syere‐ agbebud emebdsds lgoeheseem (Ereo) yemn tgrkepet kebea mesh-mesh dtu sgmkdrd,  o.  Cgmds Ledkeh Bunhewdyeh sgpgrtd befekz aufrek yemn kdaesuld ebdf bea cdmsdyeh, elem agaogrdlem  pgmngrtdem uaua kem kdsgout sgoened befekz ”ea, yedtu befekz yemn kdpeled umtul agmumcullem setuem-setuem yemn tdkel tgroetes tumculemye dtu agmjelup sgaue setuem tgrsgout.

?4

 

N. Hulua [elbdfd kem ^ekh‐d  ^ekh‐d  5. Ygmngrtdem Hulua [elbdfd

Hulua telbdfd ekebeh fdraem Ebbeh yemn agmumtut aemusde umtul agbelulem eteu agmdmnneblem sgsuetu eteu agadbdh emtere ogrouet kem agmdmnneblem. ?5  e.  J`mt`h fdraem Ebbeh Z^[. yemn ogrsdfet agmumtut umtul agbelulem  pgrouetem3 "Kem kdrdlembeh shebet, tumedlem zelet kem teetdbeh _esub, supeye leau kdogrd rehaet. ‑(UZ. Em-Mur Em-Mur 3 76)  o.  J`mt`h fdraem Ebbeh yemn ogrsdfet agmumtut agmdmnneblem pgrouetem3 "Cemnembeh leau agaelem herte kd emtere leau kgmnem cebem oetdb. " (UZ. Eb-Oeqereh 3 588) j.  J`mt`h fdraem Ebbeh Z^[. yemn ogrsdfet agadbdh (felubtetdf). ‒Kem aelem admuabeh hdmnne tgremn oendau  ogmemn putdh kerd ogmemn hdtea, yedtu fecer. ‑ (UZ. Eb-Oeqereh Eb -Oeqereh 3 58>)

?. Ygmngrtdem Hulua ^ekh‐d  ^ekh‐d 

Hulua wekb'd ekebeh fdraem Ebbeh Z^[. yemn agmumtut umtul agmcekdlem sgsuetu sgoened sgoeo, syeret eteu pgmnhebemn kerd sgsuetu yemn bedm. Odbe fdraem Ebbeh agmumcullem etes ledtem sgsuetu kgmnem hulua telbdfd, oedl ogrsdfet sgoened sgoeo, eteu syeret, eteu pgmnhebemn aele de kdsgout hulua wekh‐d.  wekh‐d.  Kd kebea dbau hulua de kdsgout  pgrtdaoemnem hulua.

H. Aehlua Fdh kem Aehlua ”Ebedh  ”Ebedh   5. Ygmngrtdem Aehlua Fddh

Agmurut ubeae Wshub Fdqdh.yemn kdaelsuk kgmnem aehlua fdh ekebeh `ocgl hulua, yedtu pgrouetem sg`remn aulebbefyemn tgrledt kgmnem pgrdmteh syerd' (Ebbeh kem _esub-Mye). oedl yemn ogrsdfet tumtutem agmngrcelem< tumtutem

?5

 Yr`f. K_. _ejhaet Zyefg‐d, Zyefg‐ d, Dbau  Dbau Wshub Fdqh. Fdqh.

:9

 

agmdmnneblem< agadbdh suetu pglgrceem< kem yemn ogrsdfet syeret, sgoeo, hebemnem, ezdaeh. rulhseh, sehsgrte oeteb. ??  Yere ubeae pum sgpelet, oehwe sgburuh pgrdmteh syer'd d tu eke `ocglmye, yelmd  pgrouetem aulebbef.

?. Ygmngrtdem Aehlua Ebedh

Wbeae ushub fdqdh tgbeh sgpelet oehwe aehlua ebedh ekebeh sgsg`remn yemn  pgrouetemmye kdlgmed lhdteo Ebbeh te'ebe, yemn kdsgout aulebbef. Kerd sgnd  oehese, aulebbef kdertdlem sgoened `remn yemn kdogoemd hulua, sgkemnlem kebea dsdtdbeh ushub fdqdh, aulebbef kdsgout cune aehlua ebedh (suocgl hulua). Aulebbef ekebeh `remn yemn tgbeh kdemnnep aeapu ogrtdmkel hulua, oedl yemn ogrhuoumnem kgmnem pgrdmteh Ebbeh aeupum kgmnem beremnem-Mye. Zgaue tdmkelem hulua yemn kdbelulem aulebbefelem kdadmte pgrtemnnumnceweoemmye,  oedl kd kumde aeupum kd elhdret, be elem agmkepetlem pehebe eteu daoebem odbe odb e agmngrcelem pgrdmteh Ebbeh, kem sgoebdlmye, odbe agmngrcelem beremnem- Mye elem agmkepet sdlse eteu rdsdl` k`se lergme agbemnner eturem-Mye. kd seapdmn tdkel agagmuhd lgwecdoemmye.

D. Lhes kem [elhsds 5. Ygmngrtdem Lhesh

Yere ubeae ushub ogrogke pgmkepet kebea agaogrdlem kgfdmdsd lhesh. Meaum,  peke heldletmye kgfdmdsd tgrsgout agapumyed pgmngrtdem yemn seae. Kgfdmdsd yemn kepet kdlgaulem kd sdmd, emtere bedm3 "Zuetu befezh yemn kdpesemnlem peke  setu ertd yemn sukeh kdlgtehud (ae'bua) (ae'bua) kem aemumnneb. aemumnneb. " ?:  Kem agmurut Eb-Oezkewd, kgfdmdsd lhesh ekebeh3 ‒Zgtdep befez yemn yemn kdpesemnlem peke setu ertd yemn agmygmkdrd, kem tgrhdmker kerd aelme bedm yemn (ausyterel). "

?? ?: Dodk.

 Dodk.

:5

 

Kgmnem kgfdmdsd kd etes, de agmngbuerlem befezh autbeqkem ausyterel kerd  oendem befezh lhesh. kem oulem pube oendem kerd befezh 'eaa. Ygmkepet dmd kdpgnemn pube `bgh sgoendem ubeae Zyeff dyeh. Jere pgmumculem befezh etes setu ertd dmd odse kebea ogroened ogmtul, yedtu ogmtul ngmdus, sgpgrtd befezh dmsemum kdpesemnlem peke hgwem yemn ogrpdldr, eteu ogrogmtul spgsdgs (meu'um), sgpgrtd lete beld- beld kem wemdte, eteu ogrogmtul dmkdvdkueb yemn ogrogke-ogke tgtepd tgroetes, sgpgrtd odbemnem emnle-emnle (:, 7, 599. kem sgtgrusmye).

?. Ygmngrtdem [elhsds

Agmurut Lhukerd Odl kebea oulumye Wshub eb-Fdqh, telhshdsh ekebeh  pgmcgbesem sgoendem befekh ”ea oulem sgburuhmye. Eteu kgmnem lete bedm, agmcgbeslem sgoendem kerd setuem-setuem yemn yemn kdjelup `bgh befekh ”ea kgmnem kebdb.?; 

C. Eb-Ear we Mehyd 5. Ygmngrtdem Ear

Agmurut Cuahur ubeae Wshub, kgfdmdsd ear ekebeh befezh yemn agmumcullem tumtutem kerd etesem lgpeke oewehemmye umtul agmngrcelem suetu pglgrceem. Kgfdmdsd kd etes tdkel hemye kdtuculem peke befezhyemn agaeled sdnhet ear,tgtepd kdtuculem pube peke sgaue lebdaet yemn agmnemkumn pgrdmteh, lergme lebdaet pgrdmteh tgrsgout tgrlekemn agmnnumelem lebdaet aecezd (seaer). Meaum, yemn pebdmn pgmtdmn kebea ear ekebeh oehwe lebdaet tgrsgout agmnemkumn umsur tumtutem umtul agmngrcelem sgsuetu.?7 

?;

  ‒Ygmngrtdem [elhsds, AejeaAejea-aejea [elhsds kem J`mt`hmye,‑ oejeemaekemd.j`a oejeemaekemd.j`a,, best a`kdfdgk ?9?5, kdelsgs Cumd ?9, ?9?5, https3//www.oejeemaekemd.j`a/?958/95/pgmngrtdemtelhsds-aejea-aejea-telhsds.htab. ?7  Yr`f. K_. _ejhaet Zyefg‐d, Dbau Zyefg‐d,  Dbau Wshub Fdqh. Fdqh.

:?

 

?. Ygmngrtdem Mehyd

Agmurut ubeae ushub, kgfdmdsd mehyd ekebeh lgoebdlem kerd ear, yelmd befezh yemn agmumcullem tumtutem umtul agmdmnneblem sgsuetu (tumtutem yemn agstd kdlgrcelem) kerd etesem lgpeke oewehem. Meaum, pere ubeae ushub sgpelet  oehwe mehyd dtu sgpgrtd cune ear kepet kdnumelem kdnumelem kebea ogroened ertd.

L. [e‐erukh EbEb-‐Ekdbbeh kem Ygmgrepemmye Ygmgrepemmye   5. Ygmngrtdem [e‐erukh EbEb-‐Ekdbbeh ‐Ekdbbeh  

Lete te'eruk, sgjere gtda`b`nd ogrertd pgrtgmtemnem, sgkemnlem eb-ekdbbeh ekebeh ogmtul ceael kerd lete kebdb, yemn ogrertd ebesem, eb esem, ernuagm, kem kebdb. Ekepum sgjere tgradm`b`nd, pere ubeae agadbdld ogroened pgmkepet tgmtemn kgfdmdsd te'eruk eb-ekdbbeh. Kd emteremye3 e.  Agmurut Daea Esy-Zyeulemd, te 'rukeb-ekdbbehekebeh suetu kebdb yemn agmgmtulem hulua tgrtgmtu tgrhekep suetu pgrs`ebem, sgkemnlem kebdb bedm agmgmtulem hulua yemn ogrogke kgmnem kebdb dtu.  o.  Agmurut Leaeb Domu Eb-Huaea kem Et-[eftezemd, te 'rukeb-ekdbbeh ekebeh  pgrtgmtemnem emtere kue ebdb yemn tdkel aumnldm umtul kdl`apr`adlem emtere lgkuemye. j.  Ebd Heseoebbeh ogrpgmkepet oehwe te'ruk eb-ekdbbehekebeh tgrcekdmye  pgrtgmtemnem hulua yemn kdlemkumn setu kebdb kgmnem hulua yemn kdlemkumn kebea kebdb bedmmye kem lgkue kebdb tgrsgout ogreke kebea setu kgrecet. Kerd kgfdmdsd kd etes kepet kdlgtehud oehwe pgrs`ebem te'eruk eb-ekdbbeh kdoehes `bgh pere ubeae lgtdle eke pgrtgmtemnem emtere kue kebdb, eteu emtere setu kebdb kgmnem kebdb bedmmye sgjere zhehdr peke kgrecet yemn seae.

?. Jere Ygmygbgsedem [eierukh eb-Ekdbbeh

Kebea agmnehekepd teierukh eb-ekdbbeh eteu pgrtgmtemn emtere kue kebdb sgjere zhehdr kepet kdbelulem kgmnem ogogrepe agt`kg pgmygbgsedem, yedtu 3

::

 

e.  Meslh Zgjere oehese meslh agmnemkumn kue pgmngrtdem, pgrteae meslh ogrertd  pgmnhepusem eteu pgmdekeem. Lgkue meslh ogrertd pgadmkehem kerd suetu lgekeem lgpeke lgekeem bedm.  o.  [ercdh Zgjere oehese tercdh ogrertd agmnuetlem. Lecdem tgmtemn tercdh gret ledtemmye kgmnem ekemye kue kebdb yemn ogrtgmtemnem sgjere zhehdr kem sgkgrecet. Wmtul agmygbgsedlem pgrtgmtemnem dtu kdnumelem jere eb-ceaiu we eb-teufdq. Epeodbe jere dmd tdkel kepet agmygbgsedlem pgrtgmtemnem emtere kebdb tgrsgout kdnumelem jere tercdh. Kebdb yemn kdluetlem kdsgout recdh kem kebdb yemn kdbgaehlem kdsgout aercuh. j.  Eb-Ceaiu we eb-[eufdq Eb-Ceaiu we eb-[eufdq ekebeh agmnhuoumnlem kue kebdb yemn meapel  ogrtgmtemnem, sghdmnne lgkuemye odse kdpeled kem kdeaeblem kgmnem kdkepetlem aelme yemn ogrsgresdem. k.  [esequt eb-Kebebedm [esequt eb-Kebebedm ekebeh upeye agmemnnuhlem pgmygbgsedem eteu lgputusem kerd kue kebdb yemn tgapel ogrebewemem lergme subdt kdtgapuh kemnem eb-ceaiu we eb-teufdq, tercdh, aeupum meslh. Jere dmd sgogmermye oulembeh pgmygbgsedem tgtepd pgmemnnuhem umtul sgagmtere weltu, sgagmtere ogbua kdkepetlem lgtgremnem eteu ebesem-ebesem bedm yemn agmumcemn eteu agmnuetlem sebeh setumye.

:;

 

OEO DDD YGMW[WY E. Lgsdapubem

Wshub Fdqh agmurut seye ekebeh suetu odkemn dbau pgmngtehuem yemn agapgbecerd tgmtemn ledkeh-ledkeh kebea agmjerd bemkesem suetu hulua fdqdh kerd kebdb-kebdb kebdb-kebdb syere‐ yemn kdhdapumlem sgjere tgrpgrdmjd.  tgrpgrdmjd.   Wshub Fdqh agrupelem sebeh setu sereme umtul agmkepetlem hulua-hulua Ebbeh sgoenedaeme yemn kdlghgmkeld `bgh Ebbeh Z^[. kem _esub-Mye, oedl yemn ogrledtem kgmnem aesebeh eqdkeh, doekeh, adfeaebeh, ”uquoeh, aeupum elhbel. Kgmnem lete bedm, Wshub Fdqdh oulembeh sgoened tucuem agbedmlem hemye sgoened sereme. @bgh lergme dtu, kdhereplem kgmnem agapgbecerd Wshub Fdqh ldte kepet agmngtehud ledkeh-ledkeh uaua (eses hulua) yemn kepet kdpeled umtul agmgteplem ogroened pgrs`ebem kem fgm`agme s`sdeb yemn tgrus ogrlgaoemn kd aesyerelet.

O. Zerem

Zeye agmyekerd oehwe rgsuaem yemn tgbeh seye ouet dmd aesdh oemyel agadbdld lgluremnem kem kdhereplem lgpeke pgaoeje agaogrd serem sgrte lrdtdl yemn agaoemnum kgad lgsgapurmeem rgsuaem dmd.

:7

 

KEF[E_ YWZ[ELE Endb Oehs`em. ‒Lgkukulem Dcae Zgoened Kebdb Hulua tgrhekep Fetwe Gl`m`ad Dsbea

L`mtgap`tgr

kd

Dmk`mgsde.‑  Dmk`mgsde.‑

rgp`sdt`ry.umn.ej.dk  

(m.k.).

https3//rgp`sdt`ry.umn.ej.dk/ngt/sdabdtPrgs/5/:56/Lgkukulem-Dcae-ZgoenedKebdbHulua-[grhekep-Fetwe-Gl`m`ad-Dsbea-L`mtgap`tgr-kdDmk`mgsde.pkf. Ezdz, Zegpub. ‒Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea Lgkukulemmye sgoened Zuaogr Hulua Dsbea.‑‑  ceoer.lgagmen.n`.dk . Best a`kdfdgk ?9?9. Kdelsgs Cumd 8, ?9?5. Dsbea. https3//ceoer.lgagmen.n`.dk/p`rteb/rgek/aesbeheh-aursebeh-kebealgkukulemmye-sgoened-suaogr-hulua-dsbea. Ogrdte Herd Dmd. ‒Dcae3 Ygmngrtdem, _ulum, kem Kebdbmye.‑ Kebdbmye. ‑  luaperem.j`a luaperem.j`a.. Best a`kdfdgk ?9?5. Kdelsgs Cumd 7, ?9?5. https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herddmd/dcae-pgmngrtdem-rulum-kem-kebdbmye-5vJC`Z@j`NF/fubb.  ‛‛‛ . ‒Dstdsheo3 Ygmngrtdem, Aejea-aejea, kem J`mt`h Ygmgrepemmye.‑ Ygmgrepemmye. ‑  luaperem.j`a.. luaperem.j`a

Best

a`kdfdgk

?9?5.

Kdelsgs

Cumd

8,

?9?5.

https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herd-dmd/dstdsheo-pgmngrtdem-aejea-aejea-kemj`mt`h-pgmgrepemmye-5vUF;baX?GL/fubb.  ‛‛‛ . ‒Ygmcgbesem kem J`mt`h Aesbeheh Aursebeh kebea Lghdkupem.‑ Lghdkupem.‑  luaperem.j`a.. luaperem.j`a

Best

a`kdfdgk

?9?9.

Kdelsgs

Cumd

>,

?9?5.

https3//luaperem.j`a/ogrdte-herd-dmd/pgmcgbesem-kem-j`mt`h-aesbehehaursebeh-kebea-lghdkupem-5uOJGVoD5?d. Fdtre _dzeb. ‒Ygmgrepem ”Wrf Zgoened Agt`kg kem Zuaogr Hulua Gl`m`ad Dsbea.‑‑ Eb-Aemhec3 Dsbea.  Eb-Aemhec3 Curmeb Hulua kem kem Yremete Z`sdeb Dsbea (m.k.). Dsbea (m.k.). Hesemub _dzqe. ‒Epe dtu Dbau Wshub Fdqh  Fdqh  0‑  www.rgpuobdle.j`.dk . Best a`kdfdgk ?954.

Kdelsgs

Eprdb

59,

?9?5.

https3//www.rgpuobdle.j`.dk/ogrdte/pw8k5o;78/epe-dtu-dbau-ushub-fdqh. Ceaerdb. ‒Ygmngrtdem, Lgkukulem, kem Fumnsd Hekdts.‑ Hekdts. ‑   suaoer.lgagmen.n`.dk . Best

a`kdfdgk

?95>.

Kdelsgs

Cumd

;,

?9?5.

https3//suaoer.lgagmen.n`.dk/v?/p`st/547?/pgmngrtdem-lgkukulem-kemfumnsd-hekdts.htab. Auheaaek, Fdrkeus, kem Aehfuzeh. ‒Uewedk Wshubdyeh Bunhewdyeh.‑ Bunhewdyeh.‑  hld:6

 

rgnubgr-5.ob`nsp`t.j`a.. Best a`kdfdgk ?9?9. Kdelsgs Cumd ?9, ?9?5. rgnubgr-5.ob`nsp`t.j`a https3//hld-rgnubgr-5.ob`nsp`t.j`a/?9?9/9;/aelebeh-qewedk-ushubdyehbunhewdyeh.htab. Yr`f. K_. _ejhaet Zyefg‐ Zyefg‐d, A.E.  Dbau Wshub Fdqh. Fdqh. Kdgkdt `bgh [da _gkelsd Yustele Zgtde. Yustele Zg. Oemkumn3 JV YWZ[ELE ZG[DECb, ?99>. Uds`, Ehaek Eokub. ‒Fumnsd kem Lgkukulem Eb-Uur ‐em kebea Dsbea.‑ Dsbea.‑  http3//eokubbehqds`.ob`nsp`t.j`a/ . Best a`kdfdgk ?95?. Kdelsgs Cumd ;, ?9?5. http3//eokubbehqds`.ob`nsp`t.j`a/?95:/5?/fumnsd-kem-lgkukulem-eb-quremkebea.htab. Wshub Fdqh.

‒Zyer ‐u

Aem

Ueobeme3 Hulua

Zyerd ‐et Zyerd‐

Zgogbua

Dsbea.‑  Dsbea.‑

ushubfdqdh.j`a.. Kdelsgs Cumd 8, ?9?5. https3//ushubfdqdh.j`a/syeru-aemushubfdqdh.j`a qeobeme-hulua-syerdet-sgogbua-dsbea/. Wst. Ehaek Zerwet, Bj., AE. ruaehfdqdh.j`a.. ruaehfdqdh.j`a

Best

‒[gmtemn Dstdhsem kem Ygmngrtdemmye.‑ Ygmngrtdemmye. ‑ 

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