Tubulações Industriais - ECID - Módulo I

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Kòeu`l O Gu`g 37 - Uuals

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GSQMRMJUGÎÂL

Mstg gplsto`g tmk plr laimtovl ojstruor ls gùjls, em flrkg prçtobg m laimtovg, g fok em latmr bljhmbokmjtls jg çrmg em tuau`gîâl ojeustrog`. Umk l ojtuotl em mjsojç-`ls g msbl`hmr, emfojor m mspmbofobgr blrrmtgkmjtm ls kgtmrogos m jlrkgs pgrg g mxmbuîâl els prlimtls òngels ã çrmg quëkobg, pmtrlquëkobg, gòkmjtëbog, mtb. Ugkaïk g ojstruë-`ls qugjtl ã mxmbuîâl em emsmjhls em fùxlnrgkgs, p`gjtgs, oslkïtrobls, mquopgkmjtls m suplrtms em tuau`gîýms.

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R]KÇQOL9 7. Emfojoîâl

1. Kgtmrogos 1.7. Bgrgbtmrëstobgs Srojbopgos els Kgtmrogos pgrg Uuals 1.7.7. Gîl Bgraljl 1.7.1. Fmrrl Fujeoel 1.7.2. Gîls-@ong Ojlxoeçvmos 1.7.5. Gîls-@ong 1.7.=. Gîls-Ojlxoeçvmos 1.7.6. Kmtgos Jâl Fmrrlsls 1.7.>. Blarms m sugs @ongs

1.7.8. Gùkëjol m sugs @ongs 1.7.?. Bhukal 1.7.73.  Jëqum` Jëqum` m sugs @ongs 1.7.77. Uotájol, Yorbõjol m sugs @ongs 1.7.71.  Jâl Jâl Kmtçòbls 1.7.72.  Gîl Gîl blk Qmvmstokmjtl Ojtmrjl

2. Srlbmssl em Fgarobgîâl em Uuals 2.7. Uuals Rmk Blsturg 2.1. Uuals Blk Blsturg 5. @ongîýms =. Mxtrmkoegems 6. Mspmssurgs em Sgrmems >. Eokmjsoljg` 8. Jlrkgòzgîâl ?. Qmfmréjbogs Aoaòlnrçfobgs

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7. EMFOJOÎÂL9 Uual em Bljeuîâl - sâl m`mkmjtls vgzgels, jlrkg`kmjtm em flrkg bo`ëjerobg m smîâl bljstgjtm, blk

ngrgjtog em mstgjqumoegem m rmsostéjbog ã prmssýms ojtmrjgs lu mxtmrjgs, utoòzgegs blkl bljeutlrms em kgtmrogos sòòels (nrgju`gels lu pgrtobu`gels), `ëquoels, pgstlsls lu ngslsls. ]toòzgels jgs ojeùstrogs em prleuîâl em pmtrò`ml m nçs jgturg`, amk blkl mk rmfojgrogs m ojeùstrogs quëkobgs m pmtrlquëkobgs, jls ngsleutls m jgs rmems em nçs, jls prleutls emrovgels el pmtrò`ml, jgs fgrkgbéutobgs, jgs gòkmjtëbogs, mtb.

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1. KGUMQOGOR9 Hç ukg nrgjem vgromegem em kgtmrogos pgrg fgarobgîâl em tuals. Gagoxl mstâl g`nujs els projbopgos kgos usgels9

Fgtlrms qum ojfùmjbogk jg sm`mîâl eg msbl`hg el kgtmrog`9        

Uopl em fùëel4 Qmsostéjbog gl msblgkmjtl el fùëel4 Mstruturg`4 Bustl m fgboòegem pgrg ojstg`gîâl, Bljeoîýms em tmkpmrgturg m em prmssâl4 Qmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl4 Eurgaoòegem4 Eospljoaoòegem el kgtmrog`.

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1.7. Bgrgbtmrëstobgs Srojbopgos els Kgtmrogos 1.7.7. Uuals em Gîl Bgraljl @ong fmrrl-bgraljl bljtmjel nmrg`kmjtm em 3,3=% gtï bmrbg em 1,3% em bgraljl (B), em bmrtls blkleml fgarobgîâl. kgjngjés (Kj), l so`ëbol (Ro), l fòsflrl (S) mg`ïk l mjxlfrm (R) m`mkmjtls rmsu`tgjtms rmsoeugos, els prlbmssls Gs projbopgos bgrgbtmrëstobgs el gîl bgraljl sâl9 agoxl bustl, mxbm`mjtms qugòegems kmbájobgs, fçbo` em slègr m em bljflrkgr. Ï l ‐kgtmrog` em usl nmrg`‛ mk tuau`gîýms ojeustrogos. Jgs ojeùstrogs em prlbmssgkmjtl, kgos em 83% els tuals sâl em gîl-bgraljl, emvoel sugs bgrgbtmrëstobgs.

1.7.1. Uuals em Fmrrl Fujeoel Râl usgels pgrg çnug, nçs, çnug sg`ngeg m msnltls, mk smrvoîls em agoxg prmssâl, tmkpmrgturg gkaomjtm m smk nrgjems msflrîls kmbájobls. Òtokg rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl el sl`l. Râl pgerljozgels pm`l eoákmtrl mxtmrjl em 1‛ g 58‛ blk gs mxtrmkoegems9 @osgs, F`gjnm Ojtmnrg` lu Sljtg m Al`sg. Rmnumk gs jlrkgs MA-52 m S-MA-72> EG GAJU m sâl tmstgels pgrg prmssýms em gtï 2 kpg ( ≍ 23 dnf/bk1) Fmrrl fujeoel jleu`gr blk geoîâl em Ro, Br lu Jo, gukmjtg g rmsostéjbog kmbájobg.

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1.7.2. Uuals em Gîls-@ong m Ojlxoeçvmos Gîls-òngs sâl tlels ls gîls qum plssumk qug`qumr qugjtoegem em lutrls m`mkmjtls, g`ïk els qum mjtrgk jg blkplsoîâl els gîls bgraljls. Ls tuals em gîls-òng lu em gîls ojlxoeçvmos sâl amk kgos bgrls qum ls gîls-bgraljl, g`ïk el qum g slègnmk, bljflrkgîâl m kljtgnmk tgkaïk sâl kgos eofëbmos m kgos bgrgs. Bgsls ljem sm iustofobgk l usl9  g`tgs tmkpmrgturgs (gbokg em 533¹B)4  agoxgs tmkpmrgturgs (gagoxl em 3¹B)4  g`tg blrrlsâl4  jâl bljtgkojgîâl (gòkmjtëbogs m fgrkgbéutobgs)4  smnurgjîg (ojf`gkçvmos, tòxobls m mxp`lsovls).

1.7.5. Uuals em Gîls-@ong Mxostmk eugs b`gssms nmrgos em gîls-òng9 



gîls-òng klòaeéjol (Kl) m brlkl klòaeéjol (Br-Kl)4 ls gîls-òng jëqum` (Jo).

Gs projbopgos mspmbofobgîýms eg GRUK sâl9 G-222, G-22=, G-6>7 m G-6>1. Mspmbofobgîâl Mspmbofob gîâl GRUK m nrgu ‒ Uuals Uuals smk Blsturg Blsturg      

G-22= Nr. S7 G-22= Nr. S= G-22= Nr. S77 G-22= Nr. S11 G-22 Nr. 2 G-22 Nr. >

1.7.=. Uuals em Gîls-Ojlxoeçvmos Mxostmk eugs b`gssms nmrgos em gîls-ojlxoeçvmos9  gustmjëtobls (jâl kgnjïtobls) ‒ GORO 235, 235@, 276, 276@, 217 m 25>4  fmrrëtobls m kgrtmjsëtobls ‒ GORO 53=.

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1.7.6. Uuals em Kmtgos Jâl-Fmrrlsls Em uk klel nmrg` sâl em plubg utoòzgîâl, emvoel gl g`tl bustl. Blkpgrgjel blk l Gîl Bgraljl tmkls9  Km`hlr rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl4  Srmîl kgos m`mvgel4  Kmjlr rmsostéjbog kmbájobg4  Kmjlr rmsostéjbog ãs g`tgs tmkpmrgturgs4  Km`hlr blkplrtgkmjtl mk agoxgs tmkpmrgturgs.

1.7.>. Blarm m sugs @ongs Mxbm`mjtm rmsostéjbog gl gtgqum9  Eg çnug, ojbùsovm sg`ngeg4  Els ç`bgòs m els çboels eoùëels4  Em kuotls blkplstls lrnájobls4  Em jukmrlsls lutrls fùoels blrrlsovls.

Rmvmrl mfmotl em blrrlsâl sla-tmjsâl, qugjel mk bljtgtl blk9  Gkõjog4  Gkojgs4  Blkplstls Jotrgels.

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Emvoel gl g`tl blmfobomjtm em trgjskossâl em bg`lr sâl kuotl mkprmngels mk

smrpmjtojgs, blkl tuals em gqumbokmjtl lu rmfronmrgîâl. l Jâl emvmk emvm k smr mkprmngels ppgrg grg prleu prleutls tls gòkmjtgrms lu fgrkgbéutobls fgrkgbéu tobls pm`l fgtl em emoxgrmk rmsëeuls tòxobls pm`g blrrlsâl. l Srojbopgos mspmbofobgîýms GRUK sâl9 Blarm A-88, @gtâl A-777, Buprljëqum` A-566.

1.7.8. Gùkëjol m sugs @ongs Mxbm`mjtm rmsostéjbog gl bljtgtl blk9  G gtklsfmrg4  G çnug4  Kuotls blkplstls lrnájobls, ojbùsovm çboels lrnájobls,

Lasmrvgîýms 9 l G rmsostéjbog kmbájobg ï kuotl agoxg (g geoîâl em Ro, K Knn lu Fm km`hlrg g rmsostéjbog kmbájobg). l Emvoel gl g`tl blmfobomjtm em trgjskossâl em bg`lr sâl kuotl mkprmngels mk blkl tualsegemblrrlsâl gqumbokmjtl lu tòxobls. rmfronmrgîâl. smrpmjtojgs, Ls rmsëeuls rmsu`tgjtms jâl sâl l Srojbopg` mspmbofobgîâl ï g GRUK A.157

l

1.7.?. Bhukal  Agoxg rmsostéjbog kmbájobg4  Smsgel4  mxbmpboljg` rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl4  Slem trgag`hgr blk H 1RL5 (çboel su`fùrobl) mk qug`qumr bljbmjtrgîâl. ]sgel pgrg tuau`gîâl em msnltl, smk prmssâl, tgjtl prmeog`, qugjtl ojeustrog`.

1.7.73. Gprmsmjtgk, Jëqum` m sugs soku`tgjmgkmjtm, @ongs mxbmpboljg` rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl, m kuotl algs qugòegems kmbájobgs m em rmsostéjbog ãs tmkpmrgturgs, tgjtl m`mvgegs blkl agoxgs. L bustl kuotl m`mvgel emssm kgtmrog`, rmstrojnm l smu usl g plubls bgsls mspmbogos.

Srojbopgos Uopls9  Jëqum` Blkmrbog`4  Kmtg` Kljm` (6>% Jo, 23% Bu)4  Ojbljm` (83% Jo, 13% Br).

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1.7.77. Uotájol, Yorbõjol m sugs @ongs Kgtmrogos blk prlpromegems mxtrglreojçrogs tgjtl em rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl, blkl rmsostéjbog ãs tmkpmrgturgs m qugòegems kmbájobgs4 g`ïk eossl, l pmsl mspmbëfobl ï bmrbg em 1/2 el pmsl els gîls. G projbopg` emsvgjtgnmk ï l prmîl mxtrmkgkmjtm m`mvgel.

1.7.71. Uuals Jâl-Kmtçòbls S`çstobls (nrupl kgos okplrtgjtm) L usl em tuals em p`çstobl tmk gukmjtgel jls ù`tokls gjls, projbopg`kmjtm blkl suastotutls pgrg ls gîls ojlxoeçvmos.

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Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9  Slubl pmsl4  G`tg rmsostéjbog ã blrrlsâl4  Blmfobomjtm em gtrotl kuotl agoxl4  Fgboòegem em fgarobgîâl m kgjusmol4 



Agoxg bljeutovoegem tïrkobg m m`ïtrobg4 Blr pròprog m pmrkgjmjtm.

Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs9  Agoxg rmsostéjbog gl bg`lr4  Agoxg rmsostéjbog kmbájobg4  Slubg mstgaoòegem eokmjsoljg`4  Ojsmnurgjîg jgs ojflrkgîýms tïbjobgs4  G`tl blmfobomjtm em eo`gtgîâl4  G`nujs p`çstobls plemk smr blkaustëvmos.

Lasmrvgîýms9 l Qmsostmk gls çboels m ç`bgòs eoùëels4 l l

rmsostmk çboels mslfrm ç`bgòs bljbmjtrgel    Jâl G kgolrog elsgls p`çstobls ukbljbmjtrgels4 prlbmssl ems4emblkplsoîâl `mjtg, qugjel mxplstls plr kuotl tmkpl ã ùz sl`gr ( gîâl els rgols ].V.).

1.7.72. Uuals em Gîl blk Qmvmstokmjtl Ojtmrjl Qmvmstokmjtl gjto-blrrlsovl, lu pgrg mvotgr g bljtgkojgîâl el fùëel bljeuzoel. Fojgòegems9  Qmvmstokmjtl gjto-gargsovls m gjto-mrlsovls4  Qmvmstokmjtls rmfrgtçrols (osl`gkmjtl tïrkobl ojtmrjl). G`nujs Kgtmrogos em Qmvmstokmjtl9  Bljbrmtl4  S`çstobls (tmf`lj, mpòxo, fmjòòbls, mtb.)4  Alrrgbhgs4  Nrgfotg4  Slrbm`gjg4  Gsfg`tl.

Lasmrvgîâl9 l Sgrg smrvoîls blk g`tg blrrlsâl, ï okplrtgjtm qum l rmvmstokmjtl smig gaslùtgkmjtm pmrfmotl m bljtëjul pgrg qum jâl j âl hgig uk pljtl em blrrlsâl bl rrlsâl `lbgòzgeg, `lb gòzgeg, plos pl os l mfmotl plemrç smr polr el qum sm l tual mstovmssm smk rmvmstokmjtl.

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2. SQLBMRRLR EM FGAQOBGÎÂL EM U]ALR9

2.7.  Srlbmssl Srlbmssl em Fgarobgîâl9 Uual smk Blsturg g) @gkojgî @gkojgîâl9 âl9

@gkojgelr La`ëqul (Kgjjmskgjj)

@gkojgelrms em Gbgagkmjtl

Fonurg 7.7 - òvrl tmxtl (pçn. 35)

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a) Mxtrusâl m Fujeoîâl Fujeoîâl

Fonurg 7.2 - òvrl tmxtl (pçn. 36)

2.1.  Srlbmssl Srlbmssl em Fgarobgîâl9 Uual blk Blsturg g) Blsturg Rlègeg - @ljnotueojg` m Msporg`9

Fonurg 7.5 m 7.= - òvrl tmxtl (pçn. 3>)

a) Uuals Rlègels plr Qmsostéjbog M`ïtrobg

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5. @ONGÎÝMR9 Mxostmk agsobgkmjtm qugtrl topls em òngîýms em tuals9  @ongîýms slègegs4  @ongîýms rlsqumgegs4 



@ongîýms em f`gjnmgegs4 pljtg m al`sg.

=. MXUQMKOEGEMR9 Mxostmk qugtrl topls em mxtrmkoegems9  @osg ‒ tuals sâl sokp`mskmjtm msqugermigels, pmrkotojel ujoýms blk slèg em tlpl lu slèg em mjbgoxm, ujoýms blk al`sg m ujoýms plr blkprmssâl.



Blk bhgjfrl ‒ tuals blk pljtg bhgjfrgeg ték usl frmqðmjtm mk ujoýms blk slèg em tlpl.



Blk rlsbg ‒ tuals blk pljtg rlsqumgeg, sâl kuotl mkprmngels pgrg tuals ng`vgjozgels em fmrrl flrigel m em gîl. Ls topls em rlsbgs emvmrâl smr bõjobgs, jlrkg`kmjtm JSU, ARS lu ^HOU^LQUH (gs pgrmems emstms tuals emvmrâl smr nrlssgs ‒ sbh 83 m sbh763 - fgbm l mjfrgqumbokmjtl el tual pm`l rlsqumgkmjtl).



Blk al`sg ‒ tuals blk pljtg m al`sg, sâl usgels jgs ojstg`gîýms em utoòegems (çnug, msnltl m `ëquoels blrrlsovls), blkl ls tuals em fmrrl fujeoel, bokmjtl gkoel, pvb m em bljbrmtl.

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6. MRSMRR]QGR EM SGQMEMR9 Ulels ls tuals sâl emsonjgels plr uk jùkmrl bhgkgel ‐eoákmtrl jlkojg` ops‛ (orlj popm sozm) lu ‐aotl`g Gtï 71‛jlkojg`‛. l eoákmtrl jlkojg` jâl blrrmspljem ã jmjhukg eokmjsâl fësobg el tual4 g pgrtor em 75‛ l eoákmtrl jlkojg` blojboem blk l eoákmtrl mxtmrjl els tuals.

Jlrkg eokmjsoljg` eokmjsoljg` GAJU GAJU

Sm`g jlrkg GJRO.A.26.73, flrgk geltgegs gs ‐sïroms‛ (Rbhmeu`m Jukamr) pgrg emsonjgr g mspmssurg lu pmsl els tuals. L jùkmrl em e m sïrom, ï l jùkmrl latoel gprlxokgegkmjtm gprlxokgegkmj tm pm`g smnuojtm mxprmssâl9

Rïrom ;

7333 S R

ljem9

S; Srmssâl ojtmrjg em trgag`hl mk pson R; Umjsâl gekossëvm` el kgtmrog` mk pson

Gs sïroms pgerljozgegs plr mstg jlrkg sâl9 73, 13, 23, 53, 63, 83, 733, 713, 753 m 763, ljem g mspmssurg eg pgrmem brmsbm prlplrboljg`kmjtm ã sïrom (sbh). Sgrg l kmskl eoákmtrl jlkojg`, mxostmk vçrogs ‐sïroms‛ eofmrmjtms, ostl ï, vçrogs mspmssurgs eofmrmjtms, ljem ls eoákmtrls ojtmrjls smrâl eofmrmjtms m ls mxtmrjls smrâl smkprm onugos.

Mxmkp`l9

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Mxmkp`l em mspmbofobgîâl pgrg rmquosoîâl em tuals9 

     

Eoákmtrl Mspmssurg jlkojg`4 eg pgrmem lu sïrom (sbh)4 Uopl em mxtrmkoegem (òsg, bhgjfrgeg m rlsqumgeg) Srlbmssl em fgarobgîâl (blk lu smk blsturg)4 Mspmbofobgîâl el kgtmrog`4 Uopl em gbgagkmjtl lu em rmvmstokmjtl4 Wugjtoegem

Lasmrvgîâl9

Jlrkg`kmjtm ojeobg-sm g qugjtoegem tltg` mk ujoegem em blkprokmjtl blkpr okmjtl lu mk pmsl. G ojeobgîâl el blkprokmjtl eg agrrg em tual plem vgrogr mk fujîâl el prlbmssl em fgarobgîâl (tgkgjhl pgerâl jlrkg`kmjtm em 6 kmtrls).

Mxmkp`l9 78 kmtrls em tual, EJ 5‛, sbh 53, pljtgs bhgjfrgegs, smk blsturg, GRUK-G-736 Nr A, bljflrkm GRKM A26.73.

Ojtmrprmtgîâl eg jlrkg GRUK Mxmkp`l9 GRUK-G-736 Nr. A GRUK - GKMQOBGJ GKMQOBGJ RLBOMU_ RLBOMU_ UMRUOJN UMRUOJN KGUMQOG@R KGUMQOG@R

G ‒ Emfojm l topl em kgtmrog`, jl bgsl l ‐G‛ ojeobg l kgtmrog` fmrrlsl. 736 ‒ Emfojm nmrg`kmjtm g flrkg em gprmsmjtgîâl el kgtmrog`. Ï l jùkmrl em lremk em mspmbofobgîýms. Jl bgsl ï l tual m gîl bgraljl bgr aljl smk blsturg pgrg mkprmnl mkprmn l g g`tg tmkpmrgturg. Nr. A ‒ Emfojm gs prlpromegems els kgtmrogos.

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>. EOKMJROLJG@

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Jltgs9 >.7. Mstg tgam`g ojbùo tuals em tlels ls topls em gîls9 gîl-bgraljl m gîls em agoxg òng (jlrkg GJRO A.26.73), m gîls ojlxoeçvmos (jlrkg GJRO A.26.7?). >.1. G jlrkg GJRO A.26.7? sò gargjnm tuals gtï l eoákmtrl jlkojg` em 71‛. >.2. Gs emsonjgîýms ‐Rte‛, ‐XR‛ m ‐XXR‛ blrrmspljemk ãs mspmssurgs emjlkojgegs ‐stgjegrt‛, ‐mxtrg-flrtm‛ m ‐eup`l mxtrg-flrtm‛ eg jlrkg GJRO A.26.73. Gs emsonjgîýms 73, 13, 23, 53, 63, 83, 733, 713 m 763 sâl ls ‐jùkmrls em sïrom‛ (sbhmeu`m jukamr) emssg kmskg jlrkg. Gs emsonjgîýms =R, 73R, 13R, 53R m 83R sâl eg jlrkg GJRO A.26.7? pgrg ls tuals em gîls ojlxoeçvmos. >.5. Gs mspmssurgs mk kk ojeobgegs jg tgam`g sâl ls vg`lrms jlkojgos, gs mspmssurgs këjokgs blrrmspljemjtms empmjemrâl egs tl`mrájbogs em fgarobgîâl, qum vgrogk blk l prlbmssl em fgarobgîâl el tual. Sgrg tuals smk blsturg g tl`mrájbog usug` ï · 71,=% el vg`lr jlkojg`. >.=.  Jmstg tgam`g mstâl lkotoels g`nujs eoákmtrls m mspmssurgs jâl usugos jg prçtobg. Sgrg g tgam`g blkp`mtg, bljtmjel tlels ls eoákmtrls em mspmssurgs, bljsu`tm gs jlrkgs GJRO A.26.73 m GJRO A.26.7?. >.6. Ls pmsls ojeobgels jmstg tgam`g blrrmspljemk gls tuals em gîl-bgraljl lu em gîls em agoxg òng. Ls tuals em gîls ojlxoeçvmos fmrrëtobls pmsgk =% kmjls, m ls ojlxoeçvmos gustmjëtobls bmrbg em 1% kgos. >.>. Mssms kmskls jùkmrls gprmsmjtgk tgkaïk g vgzâl mk `/smn. pgrg g vm`lboegem em 7k/smn.

Gjmxl O ‒ òvrl òvrl em tga tgam`gs m`gs (pçn. 78 m 7?)

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

7?

8. JLQKG@OYGÎÂL Jlrkg GJRO.A.27 ‒ GKMQOBGJ JGUOLJG@ RUGJEGQE BLEM FLQ SQMRR]QM SOSOJN (Jlrkg Jlrtm-Gkmrobgjg, pgrg tuau`gîýms prmssurozgegs).

Srojbopgos Mspmbofobgîýms Uïbjobgs pgrg Uuals9 GAJU ‒ Gsslbogîâl Argso`morg em Jlrkgs Uïbjobgs

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

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GRUK ‒ Gkmrobgj Rlbomty Rlbomty flr Umstojn gje Kgtmrog`s

EOJ ‒ Emutsbhms Ojstotut fðr Jlrkujn

GSO - Gkmrobgj Smtrl`muk Ojstotutm

G^^G Gkmrobgj ^gtmr ^lrds Gsslbogtolj

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

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?. QMFMQÉJBOGR AOA@OLNQÇFOBGR

UM@@MR, Smerl Bgr`ls Ro`vg, Uuau`gîýms Ojeustrogos9 Kgtmrogos, Srlimtls m Kljtgnmjs. 6.me. Râl Sgu`l9 @UB, 7?81. 1=1p. UM@@MR, Smerl Bgr`ls Ro`vg4 AGQQLR, Egrby N. em Sgu`g, Ugam`gs m nrçfobls pgrg Srlimtls em tuau`gîýms . 6.me. Qol em Igjmorl9 Ojtmrboéjbog, 7??1. 7?7p.

Bgtç`lnls em Fgarobgjtms9

Bowg` Vç`vu`gs4  Bljmxýms Uupy4 

 

Mrkmtl4 F`gblj4  F`gkojgs4  Rfgy-Fo`trls.

Jltg9 Mstgs rmfmréjbogs rmfmréjbogs blrrmspljemk blrrmspljemk ãs qugtrl prokmorgs prokmorgs gu`gs gu`gs el bursl bursl ‐Uuau`gîýms ‐Uuau`gîýms Ojeustrogos‛. Ojeustrogos‛. Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Kòeu`l O Gu`g 31 - Bljmxýms

R]KÇQOL9

7. Bljmxýms 1. Kmols em @ongîâl 2. Bljmxýms Qlsqumgegs 5. Bljmxýms Mjbgoxm m Rlèg =. Bljmxýms Rlèg em Ulpl 6. Bljmxýms blk F`gjnms >. Bljmxýms Sljtg m Al`sg 8. Bljmxýms em Blkprmssâl ?. Smîgs Srï-fgarobgegs ?.7 mkNlkgegs Nlkl Nlkls s em Gîl Bgraljl ?.1 Burvgs Bljmxýms Nl kgegs Bgraljl bljflrkm jlr jlrkg kg G^^G ?.2 Albgs em @lal Rokp`ms ?.5 Albgs em @lal blk Gjm` em Qmflr Qmflrîl îl

73. Bljmxýms Sgtmjtmgegs

7. BLJMXÝMR Emfojoîâl R âl âl m`mkmjtls usgels mk tuau`gîâl, pgrg fgboòtgr

g kgjutmjîâl m g lpmrgîâl eg òjhg, blk

gs rmspmbtovgs fojgòegems9 Kuegjîg em eormîâl9 burvgs m bltlvm`ls4

•

Emrovgîýms9 bl`grms, bruzmtgs m sm`gs4

•

rm euîâl, jop`ms em rmeuîâl m Kuegr smîýms (gkpògr lu rmeuzor)9 rmeuîýms, ùvgs em rmeuîâl,

•

aubhgsem rmeuîâl4

Gblp`gkmjtl9 ùvgs, ujoýms, gegptgelrms, jop`ms, vorl`g m f`gjnms4

•

•

A`lqumol9 tgkpýms, bgps, auiýms m f`gjnms-bmnls.

1. KMOLR EM EM @ONGÎÂL

• • • • • •

2.

Qlsqumgegs4 F`gjnmgegs4 Rlègegs4 Al`sg4 Blkprmssâl4 Sgtmjtmgegs.

BLJMXÝMR QLRW]MGEGR

Emfojoîâl9 Râl òngîýms em agoxl bustl, em fçbo` mxmbuîâl m kljtgnmk, smjel jlrkg`kmjtm utoòzgegs mk eoákmtrls pmqumjls. Gs òngîýms rlsqumgegs sâl gs ùjobgs usgegs pgrg tuals ng`vgjozgels.

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 Jâl sâl gbljsm`hçvmos pgrg kïeog m g`tg prmssâl4 Ï jmbmssçrol usgr vmegjtms, pgrg qum jâl hgig vgzgkmjtls4 Slssumk tmjeéjbog ã mjfmrruigr, eofobu`tgjel blk ossl g sug emskljtgnmk.

• •

•

Râl jlrkg`kmjtm utoòzgegs mk ojstg`gîýms prmeogos m mk tuau`gîýms ojeustrogos smbujeçrogs (çnug, gr, bljemjsgel em agoxg prmssâl, mtb), blk eoákmtrl em usl blkuk em gtï 1‛. Slrïk, fgarobgk-sm eoákmtrls kgolrms, rmfmrmjtm g bgeg topl em kgtmrog`, bljflrkm tgam`g gagoxl. Ls projbopgos sâl9

Gs eokmjsýms emstgs bljmxýms mstâl pgerljozgegs mk eovmrsgs jlrkgs m ls topls em rlsbgs mstâl pgerljozgels bljflrkm fonurgs m tgam`gs gagoxl.

ARS - Arotosh Rtgjegre Sopm Uhmrmge

Mxmkp`l em Kljtgnmk9

=. BLJMXÝMR MJBGOXM M RL@EG

Emfojoîâl9

Râl usgegs nmrg`kmjtm jg çrmg ojeustrog` blk eoákmtrls eo ákmtrls em gtï 7.7/1‛, kgs sâl fgarobgegs jls eoákmtrls jlkojgos em 7/8‛ gtï 5‛, mk gîl-bgraljl flrigel, jgs mspmbofobgîýms GRUKG-73=, GRUK-G-787 m GRUK-G-2=3, m mk gîls-òng m gîls-ojlxoeçvmos, jg mspmbofobgîâl GRUK-G-781. Râl eovoeoegs mk trés b`gssms9 2333#, 6333# m ?333#, blrrmspljemjtm gls tuals em mspmssurgs 83, 763 m XXR rmspmbtovgkmjtm. Gs eokmjsýms sâl pgerljozgegs pm`g jlrkg GJRO.A.76.77.

Vgjtgnmjs9 Slssumk kgolr smnurgjîg bljtrg vgzgkmjtls m suplrtgk nrgjems prmssýms.

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 Jâl pmrkotmk l emskljtm eg tuau`gîâl t uau`gîâl m eofobu`tg g lpmrgîâl em slègnmk mk `lbgos em eofëbo` gbmssl.

Mxmkp`l em Kljtgnmk9

6. BLJMXÝMR RL@EG EM ULSL

Emfojoîâl9 Ï l topl em kljtgnmk em bljmxâl kgos rmsostmjtm, tgjtl pgrg voargîâl blkl pgrg fgeong. Rug bgpgboegem pgrg rmsostor g voargîýms m fgeong ï emtmrkojgeg pm`g rmsostéjbog m ojtmnroegem eg bljmxâl slègeg. Râl jlrkg`kmjtm usgegs mk tuau`gîýms blk eoákmtrl jlkojg` gbokg em 1‛, jg sug nrgjem kgolrog mk gîl-bgraljl, qum sâl fgarobgels emsem »‛ gtï 51‛ em eoákmtrl jlkojg` mk eovmrsgs mspmssurgs (sbhmeu`m). Râl fgarobgegs mk gîl-bgraljl m gîls-òng, jgs mspmbofobgîýms GRUK-G-125 m mk gîlsojlxoeçvmos jg mspmbofobgîâl GRUK-G-532. Rugs eokmjsýms sâl pgerljozgegs pm`g jlrkg GJRO.A.76.?.

Vgjtgnmjs9 Slssumk kgolr smnurgjîg bljtrg vgzgkmjtls m suplrtgk nrgjems prmssýms.

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 L bustl el mquopgkmjtl em slègnmk m l trmojgkmjtl mspmbogòzgel jmbmssçrol pgrg mfmtugr tgos bljmxýms plemk smr m`mvgels. G`ïk eossl, l tmkpl jmbmssçrol pgrg ojstg`gr bljmxýms plr slèg g tlpl mk uk sostmkg ï kgolr qum l rmqumroel pgrg ojstg`gr lutrgs lpîýms em bljmxýms. L nrgu em bljhmbokmjtl m mxpmroéjbog el ojstg`gelr tgkaïk emvm smr `mvgel mk bljtg, plr smr mssmjbog` g qugòegem egs slègs. L gbmssl pgrg kgjutmjîâl mk tuau`gîýms slègegs ï kuotl eofëbo`.

Mxmkp`l em Kljtgnmk9

>. BLJMXÝMR BLK F@GJNMR

Emfojoîâl9 Râl fgarobgegs projbopg`kmjtm mk fmrrl fujeoel m em gîl fujeoel. Gs bljmxýms mk fmrrl fujeoel sâl mkprmngegs mk tuau`gîýms em nrgjem eoákmtrl m agoxg prmssâl (geutlrgs, òjhgs em çnug m em nçs), m tgkaïk, ljem gig g jmbmssoegem em fgboòtgr g emskljtgnmk. Râl pmîgs fgarobgegs blk f`gjnm em fgbm p`gjg, mk eugs b`gssms em prmssâl (71=# m 1=3#), jls eoákmtrls jlkojgos em 7‛ gtï 15‛. Mstâl pgerljozgegs jg jlrkg S-SA-7= eg GAJU m GJRO.A.76.7. Gs bljmxýms em gîl-fujeoel sâl mkprmngegs pgrg g`tgs prmssýms em tmkpmrgturg t mkpmrgturg em trgag`hl. Râl fgarobgegs jls eoákmtrls em 1‛ gtï 15‛, blk fgbm em rmssg`tl, lu fgbm pgrg iujtg em gjm` m smos b`gssms em prmssâl (7=3#, 233#, 533#, 633#, ?33# m 7=33#), bljflrkm jlrkg pgerljozgeg GJRO.76.=.

Vgjtgnmjs9 Smrkotmk fçbo` rmklîâl em gbmssòrols m mquopgkmjtls.

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 G`tl bustl, jmbmssoegem em kgjutmjîâl, nrgjem pmsl m vlùkm, rosbls em vgzgkmjtls jgs iujtgs.

8. BLJMXÝMR SLJUG M AL@RG

Emfojoîâl9 Râl fgarobgegs em 1‛ g 15‛ mk fmrrl fujeoel, jgs b`gssms em prmssâl jlkojg` 71=# m 1=3#.

Vgjtgnmjs9 Fçbo` kljtgnmk, pmrkotmk f`mxoaoòegem (pmqumjg jgs iujtgs), oemg` pgrg tuau`gîýms suatmrrájmgs (çnug m msnltl).

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 Agoxg prmssâl, jmbmssoegem em gplol jgs iujîýms m mstç suimotg ã vgzgkmjtls.

Mxmkp`l em kljtgnmk9

?. BLJMXÝMR EM BLKSQMRRÂL

Emfojoîâl9 Gs bljmxýms lfmrmbmk òngîýms smnurgs m òvrms em vgzgkmjtls, g`ïk em suplrtgr g`tgs prmssýms, vçbul, voargîýms, nl`pms m tmkpmrgturgs m`mvgegs. M`gs jâl trgjskotmk l tlrqum em gpmrtl gl tual. Râl rmblkmjegegs pgrg smrvoîls mk agoxg, kïeog m g`tg prmssâl, emjtrl egs fgoxgs em smnurgjîg em tlels ls tuals kmtçòbls blkukmjtm usgels m mjbljtrgels jl kmrbgel. Râl mkprmngegs mk eovmrsgs gpòbgîýms mk borbuotls em ojstrukmjtgîâl, o jstrukmjtgîâl, sostmkgs em bljtrl`m m prlbmssls. Râl fgarobgegs mk gîl ojlxoeçvm`, gîl bgraljl, blarm lu `gtâl, pgrg tuals blk eokmjsýms mk pl`mngegs lu ko`ëkmtrls. Râl rçpoegs m fçbmos em kljtgr, jmbmssotgjel em uk këjokl em ojflrkgîýms pgrg sug ojstg`gîâl m jâl rmqumrmk usl em fmrrgkmjtgs mspmbogos em kljtgnmk.

Vgjtgnmjs9 Fgboòegem em kljtgnmk m emskljtgnmk, suplrtgk g`tgs voargîýms, bhlqums m ljegs em prmssâl m plssumk vmegîýms pmrfmotgs.

Emsvgjtgnmjs9 G`tl bustl.

Mxmkp`l em kljtgnmk9 kljtgnmk9

73.  SMÎGR SMÎGR SQÏ-FGAQOBG SQÏ-FGAQOBGEGR EGR

Emfojoîâl9

Râl fgarobgegs blk pmegîls em tuals lu bhgpgs, m tmk g kmskg fujîâl egs bljmxýms vostgs gjtmrolrkmjtm, lu smig, kuegjîg em eormîâl lu emrovgîâl em òjhgs.

?.7 Burvgs mk Nlkls Mssgs burvgs ték, mk rm`gîâl ãs burvgs smk blsturg em eoákmtrls m mspmssurgs onugos, ukg rmsostéjbog m ukg f`mxoaoòegem amk kmjlrms. Gs grmstgs m slègs sâl pljtls em bljbmjtrgîýms em tmjsýms m tgkaïk pljtls suimotls g blrrlsâl m g mrlsâl. M`gs sâl usgegs, projbopg`kmjtm jls bgsls blk eoákmtrl gbokg em 13‛ (emvoel gl g`tl bustl) m eofobuègem em latmjîâl em lutrls topls em burvgs em nrgjems eoákmtrls. Sgrg tuau`gîýms em prmssýms m tmkpmrgturgs klemrgegs (b`gssm em prmssâl9 7=3 ã 533#), mk eoákmtrls gbokg em 8‛ Sgerljozgîâl bljflrkm jlrkg GJRO.A.27. Mk tuau`gîýms em gîl-òng lu ojlxoeçvmos, jâl ï gpòbçvm` l usl em burvg mk nlkls, mkalrg jâl smig prloaoel plr jlrkg.

?.1 Bljmxýms Nlkgegs Nlkgegs em Gîl Bgralj Bgraljll bljflrkm jlrkg G^^G G^^G Râl bljmxýms latoegs pm`l blrtm m slèg em smnkmjtls em tuals em gîl bgraljl. Blk mssm prlbmssl plemk-sm latmr ls kgos vgrogels topls em bljmxýms blkl burvgs em rgol burtl, em rgol `ljnl, tms, emrovgîýms, bruzmtgs, mtb. Mssgs bljmxýms sâl pgerljozgegs pm`g jlrkg G^^G B138 m prgtobgkmjtm plemk smr bljsoemrgegs blkl pmîgs grtmsgjgos. Mxmkp`ls em mspmbofobgîâl tïbjobg9 Bljmxýms nlkgegs em gîl bgraljl GRUK G182 / B, latoegs em tuals bljflrkm G^^G B133, eokmjsýms bljflrkm G^^G B138, mspmssurg stgjegre, mxtrmkoegems bhgjfrgegs pgrg slèg em tlpl bljflrkm GRKM/GJRO A76.1=.

Gpòbgîýms9 Mk nmrg` mk geutlrgs em çnug arutg, çnug trgtgeg, mstgîýms m`mvgtòrogs em çnug m msnltl mk ojstg`gîýms ojeustrogos em çnug em rmsfrogkmjtl m mk usojgs hoerm`ïtrobgs. Mxmkp`l9 Geutlrgs, çnug em rmsfrogkmjtl m ermjgnmjs.

?.2 Albgs em @lal Rokp`ms Rokp`ms Umk g bgrgbtmrëstobg em smr em agoxl bustl, ï em fçbo` mxmbuîâl plr tmr ukg ùjobg slèg, jâl rmqumr pmîgs mspmbogos, plrïk sâl em frgbg rmsostéjbog rmso stéjbog m slfrmk pmreg em bgrng m`mvgeg.

?.5 Albgs em @lal blk blk Gjm` em Qmflrîl Uék km`hlr kmbájobg, sâl em bljbmjtrgîâl em tmjsýms gargjegegs, em agoxl bustl mrmsostéjbog em fçbo` mxmbuîâl, plrïk ték pmreg em bgrng m`mvgegkgos m bljtrl`m em qugòegem m ojspmîâl rgeolnrçfobg eofëbmos.

73.BLJMXÝMR SGUMJUMGEGR

Emfojoîâl9 Râl òngîýms em kljtgnmk m emskljtgnmk fçbo` m pmrkotmk klvokmjtls gjnu`grms m pmqumjls klvokmjtls gxogos.

Mboe

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

7

Kòeu`l O Gu`g 32 ‒ F`gjnms m Gbmssòrols

Qmv.G

Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Mboe

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

1

R]KÇQOL9

7. F`gjnms 1. Uopls em F`gjnms 1.7. F`gjnm Smsblîl (^mèojn Jmbd) 1.1. Rlarmplstl ( Ròp - Lj) 1.2 Qlsbgel (Rbrmwme F`gjnme - RBE) 1.5 Mjbgoxm (slbdmt-wmè - R^) 1.= Rl`tl (`gp ilojt) 1.6 F`gjnm Bmnl (aòje) 2. B`gssofobgîâl els topls em Fgbms pgrg F`gjnms 2.7 Fgbm blk Qmssg`tl (rgosme fgbm - QF) 2.1 (f`gt fgbm - FF)(rojn typm ilojt - QUI) 2.2   Fgbm Fgbm S`gjg pgrg Iujtg em Gjm` 2.5 Fgbm em Kgbhl m Fékmg (kg`m & fmkg`m) 5. Gbgagkmjtl eg Fgbm els F`gjnms =. Kgtmrogos 6. Gbmssòrols 6.7 F`gjnm em Lrofëbol 6.1 S`gbg em Lrofëbol ‒ m`mkmjtl prokçrol >. Iujtgs pgrg F`gjnms >.7 Uopls kgos usgels9 >.7.7 Iujtgs jâl Kmtçòbgs >.7.1   Iujtgs Rmko-kmtçòbgs mk Msporg` >.7.2 Iujtgs Rmko-kmtçòbgs Fl`hmgegs >.7.5 Iujtgs Kmtçòbgs Kgboîgs >.7.= Iujtgs Kmtçòbgs em Gjm` (IUG) 8. Sgrgfusls m Mstlils pgrg F`gjnms ?. Fonurg 8 m Qgqumtms 73. Fo`trls pgrg Uuau`gîýms 77. Voslrms em Fùxl Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Mboe

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

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7. F`gjnms Emfojoîâl

Râl pmîgs qum sm emstojgk g fgzmr g òngîâl mjtrm l tual m vç`vu`gs, gbmssòrols m mquopgkmjtls m mjtrm tuals ljem sm jmbmssotg ukg emskljtgnmk/kljtgnmk rçpoeg. Sgrg fgzmr ukg òngîâl f`gjnmgeg jmbmssotgkls em elos f`gjnms, uk ilnl em pgrgfusls m ukg iujtg em vmegîâl. Râl òngîýms mkprmngegs mk tlels ls eoákmtrls, pgrg tuals em gîls bgraljl, gîl ojlxoeçvm`, fmrrl fujeoel m kgtmrogos kmtçòbls jâl fmrrlsls.

Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Mboe

B]QRL EM U]A]@GÎÝMR OJE]RUQOGOR

5

1. Uopls em F`gjnms 1.7. F`gjnm Smsblîl (^mèojn Jmbd) Ï l kgos usgel mk tuau`gîýms ojeustrogos pgrg qugosqumr prmssýms m tmkpmrgturgs, pgrg eoákmtrls em 7 »'' lu kgolrms. Kgos rmsostmjtms qum ls f`gjnms jâl ojtmnrgos, qum pmrkotm km`hlr gpmrtl4 L f`gjnm ï òngel gl tual plr ukg ùjobg slèg (em tlpl), fobgjel g fgbm ojtmrjg el tual pmrfmotgkmjtm òsg. G kljtgnmk blk mssms f`gjnms ï bgrg plrqum bgeg pmegîl em tual òngel g m`m emvm tmr ls mxtrmkls bhgjfrgels pgrg slèg, m tmk em smr blrtgel jg kmeoeg bmrtg, blk kuotl pmqumjg tl`mrájbog jl blkprokmjtl. Sgrg rmquosoîâl em kgtmrog` g`ïk els otmjs blkl eoákmtrl, kgtmrog` m b`gssm em prmssâl emvm smr tgkaïk kmjboljgel l sbhmeu`m el f`gjnm (blkpgtëvm` blk l tual g smr slègel).

Msqumkg em Kljtgnmk

Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Mboe

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1.1. Rlarmplstl ( Ròp - Lj) Ï uk f`gjnm kgos agrgtl m kgos fçbo` em sm ojstg`gr el qum l ^J, plrqum g pljtg el tual mjbgoxg jl f`gjnm, fgboòtgjel l gòjhgkmjtl m mvotgjel g jm jmbmssoegem bmssoegem el blrtm el tual jg kmeoeg mxgtg. L f`gjnm ï òngel gl tual plr eugs slègs mk gjnu`l, ukg ojtmrjg m lutrg mxtmrjg. Mssm f`gjnm sò plem smr usgel pgrg tuau`gîýms mk smrvoîls jâl smvmrls, plrqum l gpmrtl empmrkossëvm` ï amk ã kmjlr, gs tmjsýms rmsoeugos sâl m`mvgegs emsbljtojuoegems smîâl eâl lronmk bljbmjtrgîâl em msflrîls m fgboòtgk g mrlsâlm m gs g blrrlsâl. Râl emsgbljsm`hgels pgrg smrvoîls bëbòbls, smrvoîls suimotls g nrgjem vgrogîâl em tmkpmrgturg lu suimotls ã blrrlsâl sla bljtgtl (brmvobm blrrlsolj). Jâl emvmk tgkaïk smr mkprmngels pgrg smrvoîls blk hoerlnéjol.

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1.2. F`gjnm Qlsbgel (Rbrmwme F`gjnme - RBE) Mk tuau`gîýms ojeustrogos mssms f`gjnms sâl usgels gpmjgs pgrg tuals em kmtgos jâl-slèçvmos (fmrrl fujeoel plr mxmkp`l), m pgrg g`nujs topls em tuals jâl-kmtçòbls, blkl ls em kgtmrogos p`çstobls. Mkprmngk-sm tgkaïk pgrg tuals em gîl m em fmrrl flrigel mk tuau`gîýms smbujeçrogs (çnug, gr blkprokoel mtb.) m mk rmems prmeogos. G jlrkgmkGJRO.A.27 rmblkmjeg qum smigk fmotgs slègs em vmegîâl l f`gjnm qugjel smrvoîls blk fùoels ojf`gkçvmos, tòxobls, lu pmronlsls em mjtrm uk klel nmrg`.m l tual,

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1.5. Mjbgoxm (slbdmt-wmè - R^) Mssm f`gjnm ï smkm`hgjtm gl slarmplstl, plrïk ï kgos rmsostmjtm m tmk uk mjbgoxm blkp`mtl pgrg g plj pljtg tg el tual, eospmjsgjel-sm plr ossl g slèg ojtmrjg. Ï l topl em f`gjnm usgel pgrg g kgolrog egs tuau`gîýms em gîl em pmqumjl eoákmtrl, gtï 1". Slr bgusg eg emsbljtojuoegem ojtmrjg jâl sm rmblkmjegk mssms f`gjnms pgrg smrvoîls suimotls ã blrrlsâl sla bljtgtl. Oemk gl f`gjnm em pmsblîl pgrgtgkaïk rmquosoîâl em kgtmrog` g`ïk els el otmjs blkl(blkpgtëvm` eoákmtrl, kgtmrog` m b`gssm em prmssâl emvm smr k kmjboljgel mjboljgel l sbhmeu`m f`gjnm blk l tual g smr slègel).

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1.=. Rl`tl (`gp ilojt) F`gjnm sl`tl Mssms f`gjnms jâl fobgk blkl ls emkgos prmsls ã tuau`gîâl, m sok sl`tls, bgpgzms em emsòzgr òvrmkmjtm slarm l tual. Wugjel sm mkprmngk mssms f`gjnms, slèg-sm g tlpl jg mxtrmkoegem el tual ukg pmîg mspmbog` emjlkojgeg vorl`g (pmstgjg) (stua-mje), qum smrvorç em agtmjtm pgrg l f`gjnm. G nrgjem vgjtgnmk emssms f`gjnms ï l fgtl em fobgrmk blkp`mtgkmjtm flrg el bljtgtl blk l fùoel borbu`gjtm, smjel plr ossl kuotl mkprmngels mk smrvoîls qum mxoigk kgtmrogos bgrls mspmbogos, tgos blkl gîls ojlxoeçvmos, òngs em Jo mtb., amk blkl pgrg tuals blk rmvmstokmjtls ojtmrjls. Sgrg tlels mssms smrvoîls, ls f`gjnms plemk smr em kgtmrog` agrgtl, blkl fmrrl lu gîl-bgraljl, fobgjel gpmjgs ls tuals m g pmstgjg em kgtmrog` mspmbog`.

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1.6. F`gjnm Bmnl (aòje) Râl f`gjnms fmbhgels,usgels pgrg mxtrmkoegems em òjhgs lu fmbhgkmjtl em albgos f`gjnmgels.

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2. B`gssofobgîâl els Uopls em Fgbms pgrg F`gjnms 2.7 Fgbm Fgbm blk Qmssg`tl (rgosme fgbm - QF)

Ï l topl em fgbm kgos blkuk pgrg f`gjnms em gîl, gpòbçvm` g qugosqumr bljeoîýms em prmssâl m tmkpmrgturg. L rmssg`tl tmk 7/76" em g`turg pgrg gs b`gssms em prmssâl 7=3# m 233#, m 7/5" em g`turg pgrg gs b`gssms em prmssâl kgos m`mvgegs. G supmrfëbom el rmssg`tl plem smr rgjhurgeg (blk rgjhurgs bljbéjtrobgs lu msporg`gegs lu òsg, smjel gs rgjhurgs msporg`gegs l gbgagkmjtl kgos blkuk m kgos agrgtl. Em gblrel blk g jlrkg KRR-RS-6, eg "Kgjufgbturmrs Rtgjegreozgtolj Rlbomty" (qum jâl ï smnuoeg plr tlels ls fgarobgjtms), gs rgjhurgs emvmk tmr ukg prlfujeoegem em gtï 3,7= kk m pgssl em 3,= g 7,3 kk. L rmssg`tl òsl plem tmr vçrols nrgus em gbgagkmjtl, em gblrel blk g jmbmssoegem el smrvoîl lu l topl eg iujtgs.

2.1 Fgbm Fgbm S`gjg (f`gt fgbm - FF)

Ï l fgbmgkmjtl usug` jls f`gjnms em fmrrl fujeoel m em lutrls kgtmrogos frçnmos, blkl ls p`çstobls, plr mxmkp`l. L gpmrtl eg iujtg ï kuotl ojfmrolr gl latoel mk onugègem em bljeoîýms bljeoîý ms blk ls f`gjnms em fgbm blk rmssg`tl. Mjtrmtgjtl, sm ls f`gjnms em fmrrl fujeoel m em lutrls kgtmrogos frçnmos tovmssmk fgbms blk rmssg`tl, l gpmrtl els pgrgfusls plemrog bgusgr frgturgs jgs alregs el f`gjnm mk bljsmqðéjbog eg f`mxâl. Ï okplrtgjtm lasmrvgr qum pgrg gblp`gr blk ls f`gjnms em fgbm p`gjg egs vç`vu`gs m mquopgkmjtls fgarobgels em fmrrl fujeoel, sò sm emvmk usgr f`gjnms tgkaïk em fgbm p`gjg, kmskl qugjel mssms f`gjnms flrmk em gîl.

2.2 Fgbm Fgbm pgrg Iujtg em Gjm` (rojn typm ilojt - QUI)

Mssm topl em fgbm ï usgel mk f`gjnms em gîl pgrg smrvoîls smvmrls, em g`tgs prmssýms m tmkpmrgturgs, blkl plr mxmkp`l vgplr (pgrg f`gjnms em b`gssm 633#, lu gbokg), lu hoerlbgraljmtls (pgrg f`gjnms em b`gssm ?33#, lu gbokg) lu, mk qugosqumr bgsls, pgrg tmkpmrgturgs gbokg em ==3 B4 ï mkprmngel tgkaïk pgrg fùoels pmronlsls, tòxobls mtb., mk qum emvg hgvmr kgolr smnurgjîg bljtrg vgzgkmjtls.

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G fgbm els f`gjnms tmk uk rgsnl borbu`gr prlfujel, ljem sm mjbgoxg ukg iujtg mk flrkg em gjm` kmtçòbl. Bljsmnum-sm jmssms f`gjnms ukg km`hlr vmegîâl blk l kmskl nrgu em gpmrtl els pgrgfusls, jâl sò emvoel ã gîâl em bujhg eg iujtg em gjm` jls rgsnls els f`gjnms blkl, tgkaïk, plrqum g prmssâl ojtmrjg tmjem g eo`gtgr g iujtg em gjm` gpmrtgjel-g bljtrg gs pgrmems els rgsnls. Ls f`gjnms pgrg iujtg em gjm` ngrgjtmk tgkaïk km`hlr vmegîâl mk smrvoîls blk nrgjems vgrogîýms em tmkpmrgturg. G eurmzg eg fgbm els f`gjnms emvm smr smkprm supmrolr ã el gjm` kmtçòbl eg iujtg, rmblkmjegjel-sm ls smnuojtms vg`lrms këjokls, em gblrel blk l kgtmrog`9 gîl-bgraljl9 713 Arojm``4 gîls-òng m gîls ojlxoeçvmos topls 235, 276, 25> m 2179 763 Arojm``4 gîls ojlxoeçvmos topls 235@ m 276@9 753 Arojm``.

2.5 Fgbm Fgbm em Kgbhl m Fékmg (kg`m & fmkg`m)

Fgbm em òjnðmtg m rgjhurg (tljnum & nrllvm) ‒ Mssms fgbmgkmjtls, amk kgos rgrls el qum ls gjtmrolrms, sâl usgels pgrg smrvoîls mspmbogos blk fùoels blrrlsovls, plrqum jm`ms g iujtg mstç bljfojgeg, jâl hgvmjel qugsm bljtgtl eg kmskg blk l fùoel. Jltm-sm qum, blk mssms fgbmgkmjtls ls f`gjnms qum sm gblp`gk mjtrm so sâl eofmrmjtms uk el lutrl.

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5. Gbgagkmjtl eg Fgbm els F`gjnms

Ls f`gjnms sâl fgarobgels blk rmssg`tl (lu fgbm òsg) m plemk smr rmquosotgels blk ls gbgagkmjtls eg iujîâl gagoxl kmjboljgels. Jâl hgvmjel mspmbofobgîâl l f`gjnm smrç em rmssg`tl m l gbgagkmjtl blk rgjhurg r gjhurg RUGJEGQU.

7 ‒ Qgjhurg RUGJEGQU Msporg` bljtëjug, blk pgssl em 3,>3kk g 7,33kk, rgol 7,63kk g 1,53kk m prlfujeoegem rmsu`tgjtm em 3,36kk g 3,383kk. 1 ‒ Qgjhurg Msporg` Msporg` bljtëjug mk V em ?3¹ pgssl 3,63kk g 7,33kk rgol 3,33 g 3,53kk. 2 ‒ Qgjhurg Uopl 71= QKR Msporg` bljtëjug, pgssl 3,23kk g 3,53kk rgol 3,23kk g 3,53kk. 5 ‒ Qgjhurg Bljbéjtrobg Bljbéjtrobg mk V em ?3¹ pgssl 3,63kk g 7,33kk rgol 3,33 g 3,53kk m prlfujeoegem em gprlxokgegkmjtm em 3,72kk g 3,53kk.

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=. Kgtmrogos

Gs projbopgos mspmbofobgîýms eg GRUK pgrg f`gjnms flrigels sâl9

Râl smtm gs b`gssms em prmssâl pgrg f`gjnms, mspmbofobgegs pm`g jlrkg GJRO.A.76.=9 7=3#, 233#, 533#, 633#, ?33#, 7=33#, 1=33#. G pgrtor eg meoîâl em 7?87, g jlrkg GJRO/GRKM A.76.= ojbùo tgkaïk gs tgam`gs em eokmjsýms m prmssýms gekossëvmos mk ujoegems RO, emfojojel gs b`gssms9 SJ13, SJ=3, SJ68, SJ733, SJ7=3, SJ1=3 m SJ513. G`ïk els f`gjnms em gîl, mxostmk gojeg f`gjnms em fmrrl fujeoel, fmrrl kg`mçvm`, kmtgos jâl fmrrlsls m vçrols kgtmrogos p`çstobls.

6. Gbmssòrols 6.7 F`gjnm em Lrofëbol Râl f`gjnms usgels pgrg kmeoîâl em vgzâl, jl qug` ï ojstg`gel ukg p`gbg em lrofëbol, mjtrm ls f`gjnms m iujtgs. Bgeg f`gjnm eospým em ukg tlkgeg pgrg kmeoîâl.

6.1 S`gbg em Lrofëbol ‒ m`mkmjtl prokçrol Ls m`mkmjtls nmrgelrms em prmssâl eofmrmjbog` bljstotumk-sm mk rmstroîýms pgrg l fùxl qugjel kljtgels mk tuals4 g gjçòsm el blkplrtgkmjtl eg prmssâl ojeobg mstgaoòegem jg rmnoâl kljtgjtm el m`mkmjtl prokçrol, blk pmqumjl gukmjtl jg rmnoâl geigbmjtm ã p`gbg4 gpòs g Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

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pgssgnmk el fùëel pm`l lrofëbol lblrrm ukg qumeg arusbg jg prmssâl, ojobogjel-sm, plstmrolrkmjtm, g rmbupmrgîâl pgrbog`, blkp`mtgeg jg rmnoâl em 8 eoákmtrls jg iusgjtm eg p`gbg. Fgarobgels m bg`bu`gels bljflrkm jlrkgs ojtmrjgboljgos blkl ORG QS 2.1 , ORL =76>, RHM@@, RSOJD, K]@@MQ mjtrm lutrgs, mk kgtmrogos blkl gîl ojlx m gîls òng, jgs b`gssms em prmssâl em 7=3 g 1=33 às.

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7=

>. Iujtgs pgrg F`gjnms Emfojoîâl9

Iujtg ï l m`mkmjtl em vmegîâl mxostmjtm mk tlegs gs òngîýms f`gjnmgegs.

>.1

Uopls kgos usgels9

>.7.7 Iujtgs jâl kmtçòbgs9 Gs mspmssurgs vgrogk em 3,5 g 2kk, smjel g em 7,=kk g mspmssurg kgos usgeg. Ls kgtmrogos kgos blkujs sâl9 

Alrrgbhg Jgturg`  Alrrgbhgs Rojtïtobgs  Kgtmrogos S`çstobls  Sgpm`âl Hoerçuòbl

>.7.1 >.7.2

Iujtgs Rmko-kmtçòbgs mk Msporg`

>.7.5

Iujtgs Kmtçòbgs Kgboîgs

>.7.=

Iujtgs Kmtçòbgs em Gjm` (IUG)

Iujtgs Kmtçòbgs Fl`hmgegs

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8. Sgrgfusls m Mstlils pgrg F`gjnms Emfojoîâl9

Ï l m`mkmjtl em òngîâl mjtrm ls f`gjnms m gpmrtl egs iujtgs. Râl elos ls topls em pgrgfusls9 

Sgrgfusl em kçquojg (kgbhojm al`ts)  Mstlils (stue al`ts).

?. Fonurg 8 m Qgqumtms Emfojoîâl9

Râl gbmssòrols ojstg`gels mk ukg tuau`gîâl, mjtrm f`gjnms, qugjel sm jmbmssotg em uk a`lqumol ronlrlsl m gaslùtl lu plr mbljlkog (smjel m`ms kgos agrgtls el qum gs vç`vu`gs), lu mk `lbgos ljem l a`lqumol smig fmotl msplrgeobgkmjtm. Fgarobgel mk eovmrsls kgtmrogos blkl gîl bgraljl, gîl ojlx m gîls òng jls eoákmtrls em 7/1‛ g 63‛, mk b`gssms em prmssâl em 7=3 g 1=33às.

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73. Fo`trls pgrg Uuau`gîýms Emfojoîâl9

Râl pmîgs emstojgegs g rmtmr plmorgs, sòòels mk suspmjsâl m blrpls mstrgjhls, mk blrrmjtms em `ëquoels lu em ngsms. Eovoemk-sm mk eugs b`gssms9 

Umkplrçrols (prlvosòrols) ‒ sâl fo`trls buigs fojgòegems sâl trgag`hgr jg òjhg G ojstg`gîâl em uk prï-fo`trl jg tuau`gîâl em mjtrgeg/gagstmbokmjtl eg alkag (subîâl) ï ukg qumstâl em vg`lrozgr g smnurgjîg, plos okpmeorç qum uk blrpl mstrgjhl (pmqumjl bgvgbl em slèg, uk pgrgfusl pmreoel, mjtrm uk pmegîl e m ukg pgjl lu mstlpg) jg bbákgrg ákgrg em alkamgkmjtl, gs mjnrmjgnmjs so luem em`gs blkmjtrm g pgrtm ojtmrjg el blrpl eg trgvgjel alkag. Jâl ï prlbmeokmjtl blrrmtl g ojstg`gîâl em fo`trl jg tuau`gîâl em emsbgrng.

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 Smrkgjmjtms

‒ sâl fo`trls mspmbofobgels pgrg trgag`hgr jgs òjhgs bljtojugkmjtm, fgzmjel

pgrtm em`gs. Râl g`nujs ls topls em fo`trl9 topl _ m Vmrtobg`.

77. Voslrms em Fùxl Emfojoîâl9

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Râl m`mkmjtls emstojgels g klstrgr, jukg gjçòsm vosug`, sm hç lu jâl fùxl jg tuau`gîâl. Slssumk uk klstrgelr em voerl m jl smu ojtmrolr uk `gaorojtl emstojgel g egr turau`éjbog jl fùxl, tlrjgjel-sm vosëvm` gl lasmrvgelr.

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Kòeu`l O Gu`g 35 - Vç`vu`gs

Qmv.G

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R]KÇQOL9 7. VÇ@V]@GR 1. B@GRROFOBGÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR 1.7. Vç`vu`gs em A`lqumol 1.7.7 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Ngvmtg 1.7.1 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Kgbhl 1.7.2 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs Msfmrg 1.7.5 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Blkplrtg lu Nuo`hltojg 1.1. Vç`vu`gs em Qmnu`gnmk 1.1.7 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em N`lal 1.1.1 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Gnu`hg 1.1.2 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Bljtrl`m 1.1.5 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs Alral`mtg 1.1.= Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Eogfrgnkg 1.2. Vç`vu`gs em Qmtmjîâl 1.5. Vç`vu`gs em G`ëvol 1.5.7 Vç`vu`g em Rmnurgjîg. 1.5.1 Vç`vu`g em G`ëvol. 1.5.2 Vç`vu`g em Rmnurgjîg m G`ëvol. 1.=. Vç`vu`g em Wumarg-vçbul 1.6. Vmjtlsgs 1.>. Vç`vu`gs Qmeutlrgs em Srmssâl 2. MXUQMKOEGEMR EGR VÇ@V]@GR 5. KMOL EM LSMQGÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR =. KGUMQOGOR EM BLJRUQ]ÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR 6. RM@MÎÂL EM VÇ@V]@GR >. SQOJBOSGOR JLQKGR RLAQM VÇ@V]@GR

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7. VÇ@V]@GR Emfojoîâl9 Vç`vu`g ï uk gbmssòrol emstojgel g a`lqumgr, rmstgam`mbmr, bljtrl`gr lu ojtmrrlkpmr l fùxl em ukg tuau`gîâl. G`ïk em bljtrl`gr l fùxl, bljtrl`gr l jëvm`, l vlùkm, g prmssâl, g tmkpmrgturg m g eormîâl els `ëquoels m ngsms jgs tuau`gîýms. Mssgs vç`vu`gs, plr kmol eg gutlkgîâl, plemk òngr m emsòngr, rmnu`gr, kleu`gr lu osl`gr. Rmu eoákmtrl plem vgrogr em kmjls em 7‛ gtï kgolrms qum >1‛.

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1. B@GRROFOBGÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR 1.7. Vç`vu`gs em A`lqumol Emstojgk-sm gpmjgs g mstgam`mbmr lu ojtmrrlkpmr l fùxl, lu smig, sò emvmk trgag`hgr blkp`mtgkmjtm gamrtgs lu blkp`mtgkmjtm fmbhgegs. 

Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg  Vç`vu`gs em kgbhl  Vç`vu`gs em msfmrg  Vç`vu`gs em blkplrtg

1.7.7 Vç`vu`gs em Ngvmtg Gpòbgîâl Râl utoòzgegs blkl vç`vu`gs em a`lqumol (lj/lff) mk smrvoîls em çnug, ò`ml lu nçs pgrg fùoels smk sòòels mk suspmjsâl lu blk plubls sòòels. Ugkaïk jâl emvmk smr mkprmngegs ljem ls fùoels trgjsplrtgels vmjhgk g sm slòeofobgr jl ojtmrolr egs vç`vu`gs qum ï l bgsl em rmsojgs, tojtgs m vmrjozms. Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9 Sgssgnmk òvrm qugjel tltg`kmjtm gamrtgs, nrgjem eovmrsoegem em eoákmtrls, g vgromegem els kmols em òngîâl, gpòbgîâl mk `grng ngkg em prmssâl m tmkpmrgturg, g`ïk em pmrkotor l fùxl jls elos smjtoels m tmr ukg fçbo` kgjutmjîâl. Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs9 Eofobo`kmjtm eâl ukg vmegîâl gaslùtgkmjtm mstgjqum. Jâl sâl ojeobgegs mk lpmrgîýms frmqðmjtms, jâl emvmk smr usgegs pgrg rmnu`gnmk em fùxl, gs nrgjems eokmjsýms mxtmrjgs m l bustl m`mvgel em g`nujs klem`ls.

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1.7.1

=

Vç`vu`gs em Kgbhl Gpòbgîâl9 Gs vç`vu`gs em kgbhl gpòbgk-sm projbopg`kmjtm jls smrvoîls em a`lqumol em nçs, mk qqugosqumr ugosqumr eoákmtrls, tmkpmrgturgs m prmssýms. pr mssýms. M tgkaïk jl a`lqumol rçpoel em çnug, vgplr m `ëquoels mk nmrg` (mk pmqumjls eoákmtrls m agoxgs prmssýms). Ugkaïk sâl rmblkmjegegs pgrg smrvoîls blk `ëquoels qum emoxmk smeokmjtls, lu qum tmjhgk sòòels mk suspmjsâl. Sgrg gs vç`vu`gs em 2 lu 5 vogs, l kgbhl ï furgel mk ‐U‛, mk ‐@‛ lu mk bruz, eospljel gssok, gs vç`vu`gs blk 2 lu 5 albgos pgrg òngîâl ãs tuau`gîýms. Râl mkprmngegs jls eoákmtrls em gtï 5‛.

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Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9 Fùxl ojojtmrruptl jls elos smjtoels, bljstruîâl sokp`ms m rlaustg, fmbhgkmjtl rçpoel m, mk g`nujs topls em bljstruîâl, prltmîâl eg supmrfëbom em vmegîâl.

1.7.2 Vç`vu`gs Msfmrg Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9 Sgssgnmk òvrm qugjel tltg`kmjtm gamrtgs, g mstgjqumoegem pmrfmotg, ukg rgzlçvm` eovmrsoegem em eoákmtrls, g vgromegem els kmols em òngîâl, l fgtl el fùoel jâl mjtrgr mk bljtgtl blk ls ojtmrjls, ojeobgegs pgrg lpmrgîýms frmqðmjtms, gamrturg m fmbhgkmjtl rçpoel, gkp`g ngkg em prmssýms, l agoxl bustl pgrg ls klem`ls blk msfmrgs kobrl-fujeoegs g`ïk em pmrkotor l fùxl jls elos smjtoels. Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs9 Jâl emvmk smr usgegs pgrg rmnu`gnmk em fùxl, plr usgr kgtmrog` rmsoòmjtm jg vmegîâl eg smem òkotg g ngkg em tmkpmrgturg m l bustl m`mvgel em g`nujs klem`ls blk msfmrgs flrigegs. Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

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1.7.5

>

Vç`vu`gs em Blkplrtg lu Nuo`hltojg Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9 Agoxg pmreg em bgrng, fùxl ojojtmrruptl jls elos smjtoels, bljstruîâl sokp`ms m mxtrmkgkmjtm burtg, lbupgjel pmqumjl mspgîl jg ojstg`gîâl. Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs9 Rug projbopg` emsvgjtgnmk ï g jâl tmr ukg mstgjqumoegem tltg`.

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1.1. Vç`vu`gs em Qmnu`gnmk Râl emstojgegs mspmbofobgkmjtm pgrg bljtrl`gr l fùxl, plemjel trgag`hgr mk qug`qumr plsoîâl em fmbhgkmjtl pgrbog`.  Vç`vu`gs em n`lal  Vç`vu`gs em gnu`hg  Vç`vu`gs em bljtrl`m  Vç`vu`gs em alral`mtg (plemk trgag`hgr blkl vç`vu`gs a`lqumol)  Vç`vu`gs em eogfrgnkg (plemk trgag`hgr blkl vç`vu`gs a`lqumol)

1.1.7 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em N`lal Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs. Bljtrl`m pgrbog` el fùxl, gboljgkmjtl kgos rçpoel qum gs vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg, pmrfmotg mstgjqumoegem, g vgromegem els kmols em òngîâl, gpòbgîâl mk `grng ngkg em prmssâl m tmkpmrgturg m tmr ukg fçbo` kgjutmjîâl. Slemk smr ojstg`gegs pgrg lpmrgîýms frmqðmjtms. Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs. Jâl gekotmk fùxl jls elos smjtoels m g pmreg em bgrng mxbmssovg jls klem`ls blk pgssgnmk mk ‐R‛.

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1.1.1 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Gnu`hg Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs9 G vç`vu`g em gnu`hg ï ukg vgrogîâl egs vç`vu`gs n`lal m, plrtgjtl em fujboljgkmjtl oeéjtobl. Gs vç`vu`gs em gnu`hg sâl ojeobgegs pgrg smrmk utoòzgegs mk gpgrm`hls em ojstrukmjtgîâl em gr blkprokoel, ngsms m `ëquoels hlklnéjmls mk nmrg` blk agoxg vosblsoegem.

1.1.2 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Bljtrl`m Emfojoîâl9 Ï uk jlkm nmjïrobl pgrg emsonjgr ukg nrgjem vgromegem em vç`vu`gs utoòzgegs pgrg bljtrl`gr gutlkgtobgkmjtm vgroçvmos blkl prmssâl, tmkpmrgturg, vgzâl, jëvm` mtb. Râl usgegs mk blkaojgîâl blk ojstrukmjtls gutlkçtobls, m blkgjegegs ã eostájbog. Mxostmk trés topls em gtugelrms9 pjmukçtobls, hoerçuòbls lu m`ïtrobls (vmr otmk 5). Hç ukg ngkg kuotl nrgjem qugjtl gl topl egs vç`vu`gs em bljtrl`m. Gagoxl smnumk g`nujs mxmkp`ls9

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1.1.5 Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs Alral`mtg Srojbopgos Vgjtgnmjs9 Gs vgjtgnmjs sâl kuotgs, blkl fgboòegem em kljtgnmk, bljstruîâl blkpgbtg, rlaustg, `mvm, lbupg plubl mspgîl, mxbm`mjtms bgrgbtmrëstobgs em msblgkmjtl, blk g`tg bgpgboegem em vgzâl, agoxl bustl m alg pmrflrkgjbm blkl vç`vu`g em rmnu`gnmk m em bljtrl`m. Srojbopgos Emsvgjtgnmjs Jâl emvm smr ojstg`geg pròxokg g lutrgs vç`vu`gs, gbmssòrols lu bljmxýms. Emplos em uk emtmrkojgel tmkpl em lpmrgîâl plemk gprmsmjtgr vgzgkmjtls emblrrmjtms el emsngstm jgturg` egs pgrtms ojtmrjgs.

1.1.= Vç`vu`gs Vç`vu`gs em Eogfrgnkg Srojbopgos Vgjtgnmjs9 Mstgjqumoegem gaslùtg, osl`gkmjtl tltg` el kmbgjoskl mk rm`gîâl gl fùoel, fùxl bljtëjul m jls elos smjtoels, agoxg pmreg em bgrng, ojstg`gîâl mk qug`qumr plsoîâl, òkotgîâl gutlkçtobg em fmbhgkmjtl mvotgjel tlrqum emkgsogel jl eogfrgnkg, guséjbog em mjngxmtgkmjtl jg hgstm, em mxtrmkg okplrtájbog jl trgjsplrtm em ngsms, vmrsgtoòegem m fgboòegem pgrg l rmvmstokmjtl el blrpl, plssuo voeg ùto` `ljng, kgjutmjîâl sokp`ms, smk g jmbmssoegem em rmtorgeg eg vç`vu`g eg òjhg, Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

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71 Srojbopg` Emsvgjtgnmk9 Srmssâl m tmkpmrgturg em trgag`hl òkotgeg gl m`gstõkmrl el eogfrgnkg.

1.2. Vç`vu`gs em Qmtmjîâl Emfojoîâl9 Gs vç`vu`gs em rmtmjîâl bgrgbtmrozgk-sm pm`g gutl-lpmrgîâl prlplrboljgeg pm`gs eofmrmjîgs em prmssâl mjtrm kljtgjtm m iusgjtm mxmrboegs pm`l fùoel mk bljsmqðéjbog el pròprol fùxl, jâl hgvmjel jmbmssoegem eg gtugîâl el lpmrgelr. Gs vç`vu`gs em rmtmjîâl sâl emjlkojgegs em ‐vç`vu`gs ujoeormboljgos‛ m sâl ojstg`gegs blk g fojgòegem em mvotgr g ojvmrsâl jl smjtoel el fùxl, l rmfùxl.Wugjel lblrrm g ojtmrrupîâl jl flrjmbokmjtl em mjmrnog egs alkags m, bljsmqðmjtmkmjtm lblrrm g pgrgeg el msblgkmjtl, gs vç`vu`gs em rmtmjîâl sm fmbhgk okpmeojel l rmfùxl m rmtmjel g blùjg el fùoel jg tuau`gîâl. Blkl fujîâl smbujeçrog, sâl okplrtgjtms pgrg g kgjutmjîâl eg blùjg em `ëquoel eurgjtm Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

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72 g pgrgòsgîâl m fujegkmjtgos tgkaïk pgrg sm mvotgr qum g slarm-prmssâl bgusgeg plr nl`pms em grëmtm rmsu`tgjtms eg pgrgeg pg rgeg arusbg el msblgkmjtl bh bhmnum mnum ãs alkags.

1.5. Vç`vu`gs em Rmnurgjîg m G`ëvol Emfojoîâl9 Râl vç`vu`gs qum ték plr fojgòegem g prltmîâl pmsslg` m g prltmîâl em òjhgs m mquopgkmjtls. ]sg g mjmrnog el pròprol fùoel pgrg g sug lpmrgîâl (gamrturg lu fmbhgkmjtl).

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1.5.7 Vç`vu`g em Rmnurgjîg. Râl emstojgegs g trgag`hgr blk fùëels m`çstobls (vgplr, gr, ngsms).

1.5.1 Vç`vu`g Vç`vu`g em G`ëvol. Râl emstojgels g trgag`hgr blk `ëquoels.

1.5.2 Vç`vu`g Vç`vu`g em Rmnurgjîg m G`ëvol. G bljstruîâl egs vç`vu`gs em smnurgjîg m em g`ëvol ï agsobgkmjtm g kmskg. G eofmrmjîg mstç jl pmrfo` eg smem m el tgkpâl.

1.=. Vç`vu`g em Wumarg-vçbul Rmkm`hgjtm ãs vç`vu`gs em smnurgjîg, blk g eofmrmjîg em qum sm garmk em flrg pgrg emjtrl. Râl mkprmngegs pgrg prltmîâl em tuau`gîýms em nrgjem eoákmtrl m pmqumjg mspmssurg em pgrmem. Ï ojeobgeg tgkaïk pgrg gqumbmelrms, tgjqums, tmrkojgos em blkaustëvm`, mtb. Jâl pmrkotm fùxl em emjtrl pgrg flrg f lrg eg tuau`gîâl.

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7=

1.6. Vmjtlsgs Emvmk smr ojstg`gegs jls pljtls g`tls egs òjhgs blk g fojgòegem em mxpmòr l gr ems`lbgel pm`l `ëquoel eurgjtm l mjbhokmjtl eg tuau`gîâl, mxpmòr gutlkgtobgkmjtm l gr gbuku`gel eurgjtm g lpmrgîâl m gekotor gr eurgjtm l prlbmssl em msvgzogkmjtl eg tuau`gîâl, amk blkl kgjtmr g prmssâl em msvgzogkmjtl emjtrl els òkotms prmvostls mk prlimtl, mvotgjel l bl`gpsl m prltmnmjel g tuau`gîâl. Mxostmk elos klem`ls em vmjtlsg, l prokmorl emjlkojgel em ‐vmjtlsg sokp`ms‛, qum tmk blkl fujîâl mxpmòr bljtojugkmjtm l gr gbuku`gel eurgjtm g lpmrgîâl eg òjhg. L smnujel emjlkojgel em ‐vmjtlsg em trëpòbm fujîâl‛ qum tmk blkl fujîýms9 mxpmòr bljtojugkmjtm l gr gbuku`gel eurgjtm g lpmrgîâl, mxpmòr l gr ems`lbgel eurgjtm l mjbhokmjtl eg òjhg m gekotor gr eurgjtm l msvgzogkmjtl eg òjhg. Jg ojstg`gîâl sm rmqumr ukg vç`vu`g em a`lqumol mjtrm g vmjtlsg m g òjhg, pgrg kgjutmjîâl. Râl usgegs mk geutlrgs.

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1.>. Vç`vu`gs Qmeutlrgs em Srmssâl Emfojoîâl9

Qmnu`gk, smk ojtmrvmjîâl em qug`qumr gîâl mxtmrjg, g prmssâl em iusgjtm eg vç`vu`g (sâl vç`vu`gs gutlkçtobgs). Srojbopgos vgjtgnmjs. Qmnu`gîâl eg prmssâl el fùoel pgrg qum sm plssg fgzmr g gpòbgîâl jg prmssâl kgos bljvmjomjtm m plemjel smr mkprmngeg mk qug`qumr topl em fùoel m smr fgarobgeg blk eofmrmjtms kgtïrogs. Srojbopgos emsvgjtgnmjs. Bustl fojg` plos ukg rmeutlrg em prmssâl smkprmG`ïk eossl, rmqumrmk ukg rmqumr g ojstg`gîâl emvç`vu`g ukg mstgîâl rmeutlrg em prmssâl. kgjutmjîâl bljstgjtm.

2. MXUQMKOEGEMR EGR VÇ@V]@GR Blkl iç vokls jgs gu`gs gjtmrolrms, gs mxtrmkoegems egs vç`vu`gs sâl blrrmspljemjtms ãs mxtrmkoegems els tuals, bljmxýms m f`gjnms (rlsqumegs, f`gjnmgegs, slèg em mjbgoxm, slèg em tlpl, pljtg m al`sg m gs ojstg`gegs smk f`gjnms ‒ topl ‐^gfmr‛). Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

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7> ^gfmr ‒ klem`l em vç`vu`gs ojstg`gegs mjtrm elos f`gjnms blk pgrgfusls pgssgjtms mk vl`tg el blrpl eg vç`vu`g. Râl usgegs projbopg`kmjtm pgrg vç`vu`gs alral`mtgs, m tgkaïk em rmtmjîâl m em msfmrg, pgrg prmssýms klemrgegs m tmkpmrgturgs gkaomjtms.

5. KMOL EM LSMQGÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR Mxostmk vçrols sostmkgs usgels pgrg g lpmrgîâl egs vç`vu`gs, ls projbopgos sâl9 

Lpmrgîâl Kgjug`9 plr kmol em vl`gjtm, g`gvgjbg, em mjnrmjgnmjs, pgrgfusls smk fok, mtb.

 

Lpmrgîâl hoerçuòbg m m`ïtrobg. Lpmrgîâl Kltlrozgeg9 Gutlkçtobg9 pjmukçtobg, vç`vu`gs em g`ëvol m rmeutlrgs em prmssâl.

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=. KGUMQOGOR EM BLJRUQ]ÎÂL EGR VÇ@V]@GR 

Gîl bgraljl fujeoel - GRUK G176 m G-2=14  Gîl bgraljl flrigel - GRUK G73= m G-7874  Gîls-òngs ‒ eovmrsls4         

Gîl ojlxoeçvmos - GORO-235, 276, 573, mtb4 Gîl bgraljl `gkojgel ‒ RGM-73134 ojlx fujeoel - GRUK G-2=7 BF8 lu GRUK G-2=7 BF8K4 Fmrrl fujeoel - GRUK G7164 Fmrrl kg`mçvm` ‒ GRUK G-7?>4 Fmrrls fujeoels mspmbogos4 Arljzms - GRUK A-67 m lutrgs4 @gtýms, kmtg` Kljm`, jëqum`, mtb4 Kgtmrogos p`çstobls ‒ SVB m lutrls

Sgrg ls kmbgjoskls ojtmrjls (emfojoels blkl Urok), ls projbopgos kgtmrogos usgels sâl ls smnuojtms9 

Gîl ojlxoeçvm` GORO 573

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7? 

Gîl ojlxoeçvm` GORO 235  Gîl ojlxoeçvm` GORO 276  Arljzm ‒ GRUK A-61

6. RM@MÎÂL EM VÇ@V]@GR Ï fmotg mk eugs mtgpgs 9 

Rm`mîâl el topl nmrg` eg vç`vu`g  Mspmbofobgîâl egs eovmrsgs bgrgbtmrëstobgs m emtg`hms eg vç`vu`g sm`mboljgeg

Fgtlrms em ojfùéjbog jg sm`mîâl el topl eg vç`vu`g (egels slarm l prlimtl) 

Fojgòegem eg vç`vu`g (a`lqumol, rmnu`gnmk, rmtmjîâl mtb.)  Jgturmzg m mstgel fësobl el fùoel

 

Bljeoîýms em blrrlsâl,(vg`lrms mrlsâl, em empòsotl smeokmjtls, prmsmjîg em sòòels mtb. Srmssâl m tmkpmrgturg rmnokmem m vg`lrms mxtrmkls)  Eoákmtrl jlkojg` eg tuau`gîâl  Jmbmssoegem lu em9 fmbhgkmjtl mstgjqum, fmbhgkmjtl rçpoel, lpmrgîâl frm frmqðmjtm, qðmjtm, blkgjel rmkltl, blkgjel gutlkçtobl, rmsostéjbog g flnl.  Bustl  Mspgîl eospljëvm` m plsoîâl em ojstg`gîâl Egels geoboljgos pgrg gs vç`vu`gs em smnurgjîg smnur gjîg  prmssâl

em gamrturg, jlrkg jlr kg em bç`bu`l m tmkpl pgrg gamrturg  emsbgrng òvrm lu vg`lr eg bljtrg prmssâl em emsbgrng  vgzâl kçxokg, këjokg m em rmnokm  

`mtrg ojeobgtovg el lrofëbol em emsbgrng jmbmssoegem lu eg jâlçrmg em fl`m em ag`gjbmgkmjtl

Egels geoboljgos pgrg gs vç`vu`gs em bljtrl`m 

topl em burvg bgrgbtmrëstobg em fmbhgkmjtl  vgzâl kçxokg, këjokg m em rmnokm, blmfobomjtm em vgzâl (Bv)  pmreg em bgrng (kçxokg m këjokg)  plsoîâl emsmigeg eg kl`g (jlrkg`kmjtm fmbhgeg fmbhge g lu gamrtg)  bgrgbtmrëstobgs el gr em blkgjel  jëvm` kçxokl em ruëel gekossëvm`

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13 Mxmkp`l em blkl mspmbofobgr ukg vç`vu`g9 Fùoel9 çnug pltçvm` Ojstg`gîâl9 gpgrmjtm Srmssâl em smrvoîl9 agoxg Umkpmrgturg9 gkaomjtm Vç`vu`g ngvmtg, eoákmtrl jlkojg` em 7‛, blrpl m bgstm`l em arljzm fujeoel GRUK A61, b`gssm 71=#, bgstm`l rlsbgel gl blrpl, hgstm foxg blk rlsbg ojtmrjg, bujhg ojtmoroîg bõjobg emsòzgjtm, vl`gjtm em ùkëjol m mxtrmkoegems rlsbgegs bljflrkm GAJU JAQ 6575 (ARS).

>. SQOJBOSGOR JLQKGR RLAQM VÇ@V]@GR Râl gs smnuojtms gs projbopgos jlrkgs argso`morgs m gkmrobgjgs slarm vç`vu`gs ojeustrogos9

MA-757 eg GAJU Sgerljozg eokmjsýms, kgtmrogos, bljstruîâl, bljeoîýms em trgag`hl, tmstms em gbmotgîâl, mtb, els smnuojtms topls em vç`vu`gs pgrg rmfojgrogs m ojstg`gîýms smkm`hgjtms9 Vç`vu`gs em gîl fujeoel, em ngvmtg (gtï 15‛), em n`lal (gtï 8‛) m em rmtmjîâl (gtï 71‛) blk mxtrmkoegems f`gjnmgegs, egs b`gssms 7=3#, 233#, 533#, 633#, ?33# m 7=33#. Vç`vu`gs em gîl flrigel, em ngvmtg, em n`lal m em rmjtmjîâl, sm 7/‛ g 7.7/1‛, blk mxtrmkoegems rlsqumgegs m pgrg slèg em mjbgoxm egs b`gssms 633#, ?33# m 7=33#.

S-SA-2> eg GAJU Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg m rmtmjîâl em fmrrl fujeoel, pgrg çnug m msnltls, gtï 15‛, blk mxtrmkoegems f`gjnmgegs m pgrg òngîýms em pljtg m al`sg. Jlrkgs el GJRO GJRO.A.76.73 ‒ Eokmjsýms em vç`vu`gs f`gjnmgegs m pgrg slèg em tlpl, em ngvmtg, em kgbhl, em msfmrg, em n`lal, em rmtmjîâl m em bljtrl`m em gîl fujeoel, gîl flrigel m em fmrrl fujeoel, gtï 15‛, egs b`gssms 7=3# m 1=33#.

Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

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OJE]RUQOGOR

17 GJRO A.76.25 ‒ Srmssýms gekossëvmos m mspmssurgs këjokgs em vç`vu`gs em gîl fujeoel m gîl flrigel, gtï 23‛, egs b`gssms 7=3# g 1=33# blk mxtrmkoegems f`gjnmgegs lu pgrg slèg em tlpl. GJRO.A.76.735 ‒ Ul`mrájbogs em mstgjqumoegem pgrg vç`vu`gs em em bljtrl`m.

Jlrkgs GSO (Gkmrobgj Smtrl`muk Ojstotutm) GSO-6E ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg, em msfmrg, em kgbhl m em rmtmjîâl, em gîl, pgrg l`mleutls, b`gssms 7=3# g 1=33#. GSO-=16 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em smnurgjîg em gîl, f`gjnmgels, b`gssms 7=3# g 1=33#. GSO-=?2 ‒ Vç`vu`gs kgbhl, em fmrrl eùbto`, f`gjnmgegs. GSO-=?5 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em rmtmjîâl topl ‐wgfmr‛, em fmrrl fujeoel, b`gssms 71=# m 1=3#, m em gîl fujeole, b`gsms 7=3# g 1=33#. GSO-=?> ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg, topl ‐vjturo‛, f`gjnmgegs lu pgrg slèg em tlpl. GSO-=?8 ‒ Ojspmîâl m tmstms em vç`vu`gs. GSO-=?? ‒ Vç`vu`gs em kgbhl, em gîl, f`gjnmgegs lu pgrg slèg em tlpl, b`gssms 7=3# g 1=33#. GSO-633 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg em gîl, f`gjnmgegs lu pgrg slèg em tlpl, b`gssms 7=3# g 1=33#. GSO-631 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg em gîl, em pmqumjl eoákmtrl. GSO-632 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg `mvms, b`gssm 7=3# rmsostmjtms ã blrrlsâl. GSO-635 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg m em kgbhl, em fmrrl jleu`gr, b`gssms 7=3# m 233#. GSO-636 ‒ Vç`vu`gs em ngvmtg, em gîl, em pmqumjl eoákmtrl, blk blrpl mxtmjeoel. GSO-63? ‒ Vç`vu`gs em alral`mtg em fmrrl fujeoel, b`gssm 71=#, m em gîl fujeoel, b`gssm 7=3#. Ulegs gs jlrkgs gbokg ojbùmk eokmjsýms, kgtmrogos, bljstruîâl, bljeoîýms em trgag`hl, tmstms em gbmotgîâl, mtb. ORG-QS 5.7 (Jlrkg eg ‐Ojtrukmjt Rlbomty lf Gkïrobg‛) ‒ Sgerljozg eokmjsýms em vç`vu`gs em bljtrl`m.

Blpyronht ay Mboe G`` ronhts rmsmrvme

Srlf¹ Ilsm Gpgrmboel em G`kmoeg

Tubulações Industriais - ECID - Módulo I

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