TS Training CIP Modeling 170 Enu

Tekla Structures Cast-in-place Concrete Detailing Modeling

Training Manual Product version 17.0 January 2011 © 2011 Tekla Corporation

© 2011 Tekla Corporation and its licensors. All rights reserved. This Software Manual has been developed for use with the referenced Software. Use of the Software, and use of this Software Manual are governed by a License Agreement. Among other provisions, the License Agreement sets certain warranties for the Software and this Manual, disclaims other warranties, limits recoverable damages, defines permitted uses of the Software, and determines whether you are an authorized user of the Software. All information set forth in this manual is provided with the warranty set forth in the License Agreement. Please refer to the License Agreement for important obligations and applicable limitations and restrictions on your rights. Tekla does not guarantee that the text is free of technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Tekla reserves the right to make changes and additions to this manual due to changes in the software or otherwise. In addition, this Software Manual is protected by copyright law and by international treaties. Unauthorized reproduction, display, modification, or distribution of this Manual, or any portion of it, may result in severe civil and criminal penalties, and will be prosecuted to the full extent permitted by law. Tekla, Tekla Structures, Xcity, Xengineer, Xpipe, Xroad, Xpower, Xsteel, and Xstreet are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Tekla Corporation in the European Union, the United States, and/or other countries. Other product and company names mentioned in this Manual are or may be trademarks of their respective owners. By referring to a third-party product or brand, Tekla does not intend to suggest an affiliation with or endorsement by such third party and disclaims any such affiliation or endorsement, except where otherwise expressly stated. Portions of this software: D-Cubed 2D DCM © 2008 Siemens Industry Software Limited. All rights reserved. EPM toolkit © 1995-2004 EPM Technology a.s., Oslo, Norway. All rights reserved. XML parser © 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Project Data Control Library © 2006 - 2007 DlhSoft. All rights reserved. DWGdirect, DGNdirect and OpenDWG Toolkit/Viewkit libraries © 1998-2005 Open Design Alliance. All rights reserved. FlexNet Copyright © 2010 Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. All Rights Reserved. This product contains proprietary and confidential technology, information and creative works owned by Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. and their respective licensors, if any. Any use, copying, publication, distribution, display, modification, or transmission of such technology in whole or in part in any form or by any means without the prior express written permission of Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. is strictly prohibited. Except where expressly provided by Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. in writing, possession of this technology shall not be construed to confer any license or rights under any Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. intellectual property rights, whether by estoppel, implication, or otherwise. The software is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 7,302,368 and 7,617,076. Also elements of the software described in this Manual may be the subject of pending patent applications in the European Union and/or other countries including U.S. patent applications 2004267695, 2005285881, 20060004841, 20060136398, 20080189084, and 20090189887.

Contents Introduction

1

LESSON 1

3

1 2 3

Starting Tekla Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Creating a new model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Saving a model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.1

Saving a model with a different name..................................................................................................... 6

4

Opening a model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.1

Model created in a previous version ....................................................................................................... 8

5

Moving around in the view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5.1

Zooming.................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.2

Panning................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3

Rotating .................................................................................................................................................. 9

6

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

6.1

View properties ....................................................................................................................................... 9

6.2

Display .................................................................................................................................................. 11

6.3

Creating a basic view............................................................................................................................ 12

6.4

Creating a top view ............................................................................................................................... 12 Moving a plane in a top view............................................................................................................ 13

6.5

Creating a grid view using two points ................................................................................................... 13

6.6

Opening, closing, and deleting named views ....................................................................................... 14

6.7

Changing part representation in model views....................................................................................... 15 Rollover highlight.............................................................................................................................. 16

7

Common buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

LESSON 2

17

8

Grids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8.1

Creating a grid ...................................................................................................................................... 18

8.2

Creating a second grid.......................................................................................................................... 19

8.3

Creating a grid on a shifted work plane ................................................................................................ 20

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

1

8.4

Adding a grid line to an existing grid...................................................................................................... 20

8.5

Modifying a grid line............................................................................................................................... 21

9 Work area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 10 Creating plane views along grid lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 LESSON 3

25

11 Concrete parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 11.1 Creating a concrete column................................................................................................................... 26 11.2 Creating a concrete beam ..................................................................................................................... 26 11.3 Creating a concrete pad footing ............................................................................................................ 27 11.4 Creating a concrete strip footing............................................................................................................ 27 11.5 Creating a concrete panel ..................................................................................................................... 27 11.6 Creating a concrete slab........................................................................................................................ 28 11.7 Creating a concrete polybeam............................................................................................................... 28

12 Snapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 12.1 Snap switches ....................................................................................................................................... 28 12.2 Dimensions in snapping ........................................................................................................................ 30 12.3 Orthogonal snapping ............................................................................................................................. 31 12.4 Measuring distances, angles, and bolt spaces...................................................................................... 31

13 Mini Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 13.1 Mini Toolbar examples .......................................................................................................................... 32 13.2 Customizing Mini Toolbar ...................................................................................................................... 34

14 Part properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14.1 Attributes tab ......................................................................................................................................... 35 14.2 Position tab............................................................................................................................................ 36 14.3 Modifying part properties ....................................................................................................................... 37

15 Selecting multiple objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 15.1 Hiding unselected parts ......................................................................................................................... 39 15.2 Hiding selected parts ............................................................................................................................. 40

16 Part modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 16.1 Moving start and end points .................................................................................................................. 41 Extending and shortening parts ........................................................................................................ 42 16.2 Creating curved parts ............................................................................................................................ 43 16.3 Adding recesses to concrete parts ........................................................................................................ 44 16.4 Cambering and warping parts ............................................................................................................... 45

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

2

Cambering........................................................................................................................................ 45 Warping ............................................................................................................................................ 46

17 Corner chamfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 17.1 Chamfering example............................................................................................................................. 47

18 Selection switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 18.1 Selection filters...................................................................................................................................... 50 Selection filter example .................................................................................................................... 50 18.2 Selection examples............................................................................................................................... 51

19 Steel parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 19.1 Creating a steel column ........................................................................................................................ 55 19.2 Creating a steel beam........................................................................................................................... 55 19.3 Creating a curved steel beam ............................................................................................................... 55 19.4 Creating a steel polybeam .................................................................................................................... 56 19.5 Creating an orthogonal steel beam....................................................................................................... 57 19.6 Creating a steel twin profile................................................................................................................... 57 19.7 Creating a steel contour plate ............................................................................................................... 57 Setting the contour plate orientation................................................................................................. 57 Adding a corner to a contour plate ................................................................................................... 59 Removing a corner from a contour plate .......................................................................................... 60

LESSON 4

61

20 Copying and moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 20.1 Copying................................................................................................................................................. 63 20.2 Copying linearly..................................................................................................................................... 63 20.3 Copying and rotating............................................................................................................................. 64 20.4 Copying and mirroring........................................................................................................................... 65 Mirroring an asymmetrical column ................................................................................................... 66 20.5 Copying to another plane...................................................................................................................... 66 20.6 Copying to another object ..................................................................................................................... 68 20.7 Copying from another model................................................................................................................. 69 20.8 Moving................................................................................................................................................... 69 20.9 Moving linearly ...................................................................................................................................... 70 20.10 Moving and rotating............................................................................................................................... 71 20.11 Moving and mirroring ............................................................................................................................ 71 20.12 Moving to another plane........................................................................................................................ 72 20.13 Moving to another object....................................................................................................................... 72

3

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21 Fine-tuning part shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 21.1 Fittings ................................................................................................................................................... 73 Creating a fitting................................................................................................................................ 73 21.2 Cutting parts with a line ......................................................................................................................... 73 21.3 Cutting parts with another part .............................................................................................................. 74 Errors in part cuts.............................................................................................................................. 75 21.4 Cutting parts with a polygon .................................................................................................................. 76 21.5 Creating welds and fittings in multiple objects....................................................................................... 76 21.6 Surface treatment .................................................................................................................................. 77 Adding surface treatment to a selected area .................................................................................... 77 21.7 Chamfering part edges .......................................................................................................................... 78

22 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 22.1 Bolt properties ....................................................................................................................................... 79 Holes................................................................................................................................................. 81 22.2 Creating a bolt group ............................................................................................................................. 82 22.3 Creating a divided bolt group................................................................................................................. 83 22.4 Modifying bolt groups ............................................................................................................................ 84 22.5 Creating slotted holes............................................................................................................................ 84 22.6 Bolts on cast-in embeds ........................................................................................................................ 85

23 Splitting and combining parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 23.1 Splitting parts......................................................................................................................................... 86 23.2 Combining parts .................................................................................................................................... 86

24 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 24.1 Creating points along a line ................................................................................................................... 88

25 Cast units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 25.1 Defining the cast unit type ..................................................................................................................... 88 25.2 Creating a cast unit................................................................................................................................ 89 25.3 Adding objects to cast units................................................................................................................... 89 25.4 Modifying cast units ............................................................................................................................... 89 25.5 Highlighting objects in a cast unit .......................................................................................................... 89 25.6 Changing the cast unit main part........................................................................................................... 90 25.7 Creating a cast unit view ....................................................................................................................... 90 25.8 Removing objects from a cast unit ........................................................................................................ 91

26 Modeling tips for concrete parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 26.1 Overlapping part lines in cast units........................................................................................................ 91

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

4

26.2 Defining top-in-form face....................................................................................................................... 92 26.3 Orienting parts for drawings.................................................................................................................. 93

LESSON 5

97

27 Modifying the work area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 27.1 Fit work area to selected parts.............................................................................................................. 98 27.2 Fit work area using two points............................................................................................................... 98 27.3 Fit work area to entire model in selected views .................................................................................... 99 27.4 Finding distant objects .......................................................................................................................... 99 27.5 Finding distant points .......................................................................................................................... 100 27.6 Finding distant reference models........................................................................................................ 100 27.7 Hiding the work area ........................................................................................................................... 101

28 Clip planes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 28.1 Creating a clip plane ........................................................................................................................... 101 28.2 Moving a clip plane ............................................................................................................................. 102 28.3 Deleting a clip plane............................................................................................................................ 104

29 Work plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 29.1 Set work plane parallel to a plane....................................................................................................... 104 29.2 Set work plane using three points....................................................................................................... 105 29.3 Set work plane parallel to view plane.................................................................................................. 105 29.4 Set work plane to top plane of a part .................................................................................................. 105 29.5 Shifting the work plane........................................................................................................................ 106

30 Advanced snapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 30.1 Numeric snapping ............................................................................................................................... 106 30.2 Numeric location coordinates.............................................................................................................. 107 30.3 Creating a temporary reference point ................................................................................................. 108 30.4 Locking a coordinate........................................................................................................................... 109 30.5 Snapping examples............................................................................................................................. 109 Creating a beam with a certain length............................................................................................ Creating a shifted beam with a certain length ................................................................................ Creating two parallel and equally long beams................................................................................ Creating a beam using a temporary reference point ...................................................................... Creating a beam using snap override ............................................................................................

LESSON 6

110 110 111 113 114

117

31 Component catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

5

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

32 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 32.1 Creating a component ......................................................................................................................... 120 32.2 Component status ............................................................................................................................... 120 32.3 Modifying component properties ......................................................................................................... 120 32.4 Saving component properties.............................................................................................................. 121 32.5 Conceptual components...................................................................................................................... 121 Converting a conceptual component to a detailed component ....................................................... 121 32.6 Example............................................................................................................................................... 122 Inserting a pad footing reinforcement ............................................................................................. 122 Modifying the pad footing reinforcement......................................................................................... 122

33 Creating component default views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 34 Material catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 34.1 Adding a material grade ...................................................................................................................... 125 34.2 Deleting a material grade .................................................................................................................... 126

35 Profile catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 35.1 Adding a profile.................................................................................................................................... 128 35.2 Modifying a profile ............................................................................................................................... 128 35.3 Deleting a profile.................................................................................................................................. 128

36 Parametric profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 36.1 Parametric concrete profiles................................................................................................................ 129

LESSON 7

131

37 Entering project information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 38 Switching between single-user and multi-user modes . . . . . . . 133 39 Checking the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 39.1 Finding clashes in a model .................................................................................................................. 134 39.2 Flying through the model ..................................................................................................................... 135 39.3 Checking using reports........................................................................................................................ 135

40 Inquiring the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 40.1 Inquiring object properties ................................................................................................................... 136 Inquiring bolts.................................................................................................................................. 137 40.2 Inquiring cast unit objects .................................................................................................................... 137 Displaying all objects connected to a part....................................................................................... 137 40.3 Inquiring welded parts ......................................................................................................................... 138 40.4 Inquiring the center of gravity .............................................................................................................. 138

41 Representing objects in model views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

6

41.1 Creating object representation settings............................................................................................... 139 41.2 Defining your own colors to model object groups ............................................................................... 140

42 Phase Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 42.1 Dividing the model into phases ........................................................................................................... 143

LESSON 8

145

43 Custom components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 43.1 Custom component types ................................................................................................................... 146 43.2 Exploding a component....................................................................................................................... 147 43.3 Defining a custom component............................................................................................................. 147 43.4 Exporting and importing ...................................................................................................................... 148

44 Reference models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 44.1 Inserting a reference model ................................................................................................................ 149 44.2 Hiding a reference model.................................................................................................................... 150 44.3 Updating a reference model................................................................................................................ 150 44.4 Detecting changes in reference models.............................................................................................. 151 Example ......................................................................................................................................... 152 44.5 Handling large reference models ........................................................................................................ 153

45 Recording a macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 45.1 Running a macro................................................................................................................................. 154 45.2 Editing a macro ................................................................................................................................... 154

46 WebViewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 46.1 Publishing a model as a web page ..................................................................................................... 155

47 Tekla Structures Model Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 47.1 Opening a model in Model Reviewer .................................................................................................. 156

LESSON 9

157

48 Reinforcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 48.1 Reinforcing bar group.......................................................................................................................... 158 Reinforcing bar group types ........................................................................................................... Creating a reinforcing bar group..................................................................................................... Distribution area ............................................................................................................................. Distribution of bars ......................................................................................................................... Omitting reinforcing bars ................................................................................................................

158 159 159 160 162

48.2 Reinforcing bar.................................................................................................................................... 162 Creating a reinforcing bar............................................................................................................... 162

7

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

Defining a hook for a reinforcing bar............................................................................................... 164 Defining the reinforcing bar cover thickness ................................................................................... 165 Modifying reinforcing bars............................................................................................................... 166 48.3 Curved reinforcing bar group............................................................................................................... 167 48.4 Creating a circular reinforcing bar group ............................................................................................. 168 48.5 Creating a reinforcement mesh ........................................................................................................... 169 48.6 Creating a reinforcement splice........................................................................................................... 170 48.7 Attaching reinforcing bars to another part ........................................................................................... 171

49 Custom reinforcement component example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 49.1 Creating a reinforcement for a column ................................................................................................ 172 49.2 Defining a custom reinforcement component ...................................................................................... 176

50 Reinforcement tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 51 Reinforcement components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 51.1 Adding a reinforcement component..................................................................................................... 178 51.2 Reinforcement component examples .................................................................................................. 178

LESSON 10

183

52 Modeling the building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 52.1 Create the grids ................................................................................................................................... 184 Create the grid ................................................................................................................................ 184 Create the grid line.......................................................................................................................... 185 Create the grid views ...................................................................................................................... 186 52.2 Create the foundation elements .......................................................................................................... 186 Create the pad footings................................................................................................................... 186 Create the strip footings.................................................................................................................. 187 52.3 Create the concrete frame elements ................................................................................................... 189 Create the concrete columns.......................................................................................................... 189 Create the concrete panels............................................................................................................. 192 Create the concrete beams............................................................................................................. 196 52.4 Create the additional elements............................................................................................................ 198 Create the mat foundation .............................................................................................................. 198 Create the concrete slabs ............................................................................................................... 200 Create the openings........................................................................................................................ 203 Create the piles and the pilecaps.................................................................................................... 206 52.5 Create the steel frame elements ......................................................................................................... 207 Create the steel columns ................................................................................................................ 207 Create the steel beams................................................................................................................... 209 52.6 Create the reinforced concrete to steel interface................................................................................. 212

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

8

Create the base plates and the anchor bolts.................................................................................. 212 Create the cast-in-plate connections.............................................................................................. 213

53 Reinforcing the building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 53.1 Create reinforcements manually ......................................................................................................... 215 Create the reinforcing bars............................................................................................................. 215 Create the reinforcing bar group .................................................................................................... 217 Reinforce the curved wall ............................................................................................................... 219 53.2 Create reinforcements using components .......................................................................................... 219 Reinforce the pad footings ............................................................................................................. Reinforce the strip footings............................................................................................................. Reinforce pilecaps.......................................................................................................................... Create the starter bars ................................................................................................................... Reinforce the rectangular columns................................................................................................. Create the reinforcement mesh...................................................................................................... Reinforce the openings in the slabs and the wall ...........................................................................

LESSON 11

219 220 220 221 222 222 223

225

54 Concrete components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 54.1 Concrete foundation (1030) ................................................................................................................ 226 54.2 Create hole around part (92)............................................................................................................... 226 54.3 Border rebar (93)................................................................................................................................. 227 54.4 Inbedded (1008).................................................................................................................................. 228 54.5 Opening in wall (40) ............................................................................................................................ 229 54.6 Braced girders (88 and 89) ................................................................................................................. 230 54.7 Rebar in beam (90) ............................................................................................................................. 231 54.8 Border rebar (92)................................................................................................................................. 232 54.9 Longitudinal reinforcement (70) .......................................................................................................... 232 54.10 Beam reinforcement (63) .................................................................................................................... 233 54.11 Pad footing reinforcement (77)............................................................................................................ 233 54.12 Beam end reinforcement (79) ............................................................................................................. 233 54.13 Lifting anchor (80) ............................................................................................................................... 234 54.14 Round column reinforcement (82)....................................................................................................... 234 54.15 Rectangular column reinforcement (83).............................................................................................. 234 54.16 Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84)........................................................................................ 235 54.17 Hole creation and reinforcement (85).................................................................................................. 235 54.18 Starter bars for pillar (86) .................................................................................................................... 235 54.19 Starter bars for footing (87)................................................................................................................. 236 54.20 Slab bars (18)...................................................................................................................................... 236

9

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

54.21 Reinforcement mesh array in area (89)............................................................................................... 236 54.22 Stairwells and elevation shafts (90)..................................................................................................... 237

55 Steel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 55.1 End plate (144) .................................................................................................................................... 237 55.2 Cranked beam (41).............................................................................................................................. 238 55.3 Haunch (40)......................................................................................................................................... 239 55.4 Joining plates (14) ............................................................................................................................... 239 55.5 Base plate (1004) ................................................................................................................................ 239 55.6 Stiffened base plate (1014) ................................................................................................................. 240 55.7 Stiffeners (1003) .................................................................................................................................. 241 55.8 Stub (1011).......................................................................................................................................... 241 55.9 End plate detail (1002) ........................................................................................................................ 242 55.10 Stanchion weld (85)............................................................................................................................. 243 55.11 Manlock column (1032) ....................................................................................................................... 243 55.12 Manlock beam (1033).......................................................................................................................... 244 55.13 Array of objects (29) ............................................................................................................................ 244

LESSON 12

247

56 Using Tekla Structures Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 56.1 Opening Tekla Structures Help ........................................................................................................... 248 56.2 Browsing Help topics by subject.......................................................................................................... 248 56.3 Finding Help topics using the index..................................................................................................... 249 56.4 Searching for Help topics .................................................................................................................... 249 Viewing the search results.............................................................................................................. 249 Using search filters ......................................................................................................................... 250 56.5 Saving favorite Help topics .................................................................................................................. 250

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

10

Introduction Tekla Structures is Building Information Modeling (BIM) software that enables the creation and management of accurately detailed and highly constructable 3D structural models regardless of material or structural complexity. Tekla models can be used to cover the entire building process from conceptual design to fabrication, erection, and construction management. The 3D structural model includes the geometry and design of the structure, and all the information about profiles and cross sections, connection types, materials, structural analysis, etc. Tekla Structures drawings and reports are integrated with the models. Consequently, dimensions and marks are always correct. Drawings and reports can be created at any stage of the project and updated according to the changes in the model. Tekla helps all new Tekla Structures users to get started and to maintain their development. Our well-defined training course is a jump start to Tekla Structures software and helps to maximize using Tekla Structures to its full potential. During the basic training course, you will be taught the basic principles of Tekla Structures. Each training day contains several exercises so you will learn to apply what you have learned in theory. The instructor will show the correct solution to each exercise. You can freely ask the the instructor questions to make sure you have understood each point correctly. This training manual is intended to be used during a basic Tekla Structures training course, but you can also use it on your own after the training course. In addition, Tekla provides online learning material so the users can learn how to benefit from version improvements and adapt to using the new features. The following learning and support material is available on the Tekla Extranet (https:// extranet.tekla.com) for all our customers with a valid maintenance agreement. When the material is available also in the Tekla Structures software via the help menu, it is separately indicated.

Type

Material

Language

Location

Training manuals

Steel Detailing, Modeling

English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Chinese

Extranet:

Steel Detailing, Drawings

Self-learning > Manuals & instructions

Precast Concrete Detailing, Modeling Precast Concrete Detailing, Drawings Engineering, Modeling Engineering, Drawings Construction Management Cast-in-place Concrete Detailing, Modeling Cast-in-place Concrete Detailing, Drawings

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

1

Type

Material

Language

Location

Product documentation

Help file

English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Chinese

Help > Tekla Structures Help

Manuals in PDF format

Extranet: Self-learning > Manuals & instructions

Release Notes

Help > Release Notes

Quick reference guide to Tekla Structures

Extranet:

Keyboard shortcuts

Extranet:

Self-learning > Manuals & instructions

Self-learning > Manuals & instructions

Videos and tutorials

First Steps with Tekla Structures - Interactive Tutorial

English, Finnish, Swedish, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese

Help > Learning Center > First Steps with Tekla Structures

Extranet: Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos

http://www.tekla.com/firststeps Top New Features Videos

English, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese

Help > Learning Center > Top New Features

Extranet: Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos

http://www.tekla.com/ topnewfeatures

Other support material

First steps with BIM interactive tutorials

English

http://www.tekla.com/bimlessons

More videos and tutorials

English

Extranet:

Frequently Asked Questions

English

Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos

Extranet: Self-learning > Questions & answers

Tekla Structures Glossary

Extranet:

Start-up checklist

Extranet:

Self-learning > Tekla Structures Glossary

Self-learning > Start-up checklist

Discussion Forum

Extranet: Discussion Forum

Product Information

2

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

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Extranet: Product

LESSON 1 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to start Tekla Structures how to create, open, and save a model how to move around in the model what views are and how they are created how to use the common buttons in the dialog boxes

> LESSON 1

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1

Starting Tekla Structures To start Tekla Structures:

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1. 2. 3.

Click the Windows Start button. Click All Programs. Go to the Tekla Structures 17.0 menu item and click Tekla Structures 17.0. The Tekla Structures - Login dialog box opens.

4. 5.

In the dialog box, select the license, role and environment you want to use. Click OK to start Tekla Structures.

Creating a new model

LESSON 1 Creating a new model

When Tekla Structures starts, the Learn Tekla Structures dialog box opens. The dialog box contains useful links to, for example, tutorials and quick guides.

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To create a new model: 1.

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Click Create a new model in the Learn Tekla Structures dialog box, or click File > New....

The New dialog box opens.

2.

Enter the name of the model in the Model name box. Do not use special characters ( / \ . ; : | ) in model names.

Define the folder where you want to save your model. By default, Tekla Structures saves the models in the ..\TeklaStructuresModels folder. If you want to save the model in another folder, click Browse... to browse for the model folder.

4.

In the Model type list, select either Single-user or Multi-user. If you select Multi-user, enter the server name.

5.

Click OK. Tekla Structures creates a 3D view using standard view properties. LESSON 1 Creating a new model

3.

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Saving a model Tekla Structures prompts you to save the open model when you close Tekla Structures. You should also save your model regularly to avoid losing any work. Autosave also automatically saves your work at regular intervals. . Tekla Structures saves the model and the To save the model, click File > Save, or click message database stored appears on the status bar.

Autosave automatically saves your model and drawings at set intervals. To set the autosave interval, click Tools > Options > Options... > General.

3.1

Saving a model with a different name

LESSON 1 Saving a model

To save a copy of a model with a different name:

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1. 2.

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Click File > Save as... to open the Save as dialog box. Enter the new model name in the Model name box.

3. 4.

Opening a model To open a model: 1.

Click File > Open..., or click The Open dialog box opens.

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The information in the Designer and Description columns comes from the Project Properties dialog box.

2.

Select the model. By default, Tekla Structures searches for models in the ..\TeklaStructuresModels folder. If your model is in another folder, click Browse... to browse for the model folder, or use the Look in list with the recently used folders.

The Model name list contains the recently used models.

3.

LESSON 1 Opening a model

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If you want to save the model in a different folder, click Browse... to browse for the folder. In the Save as dialog box, click OK to save the model.

Click OK to open the model.

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4.1

Model created in a previous version Tekla Structures displays a warning when you open a model that was created in a previous Tekla Structures version.

You can open the model by clicking OK. If you edit the model and want to save it, the following warning appears:

You have two options:

• •

If you click Yes, the model is saved and it cannot be opened with the previous Tekla Structures version anymore. If you click No, the model is not saved. You can open and edit the model with the Tekla Structures version in which the model was initially created.

We recommend that you complete any models you have started using your current Tekla Structures version. Custom components and drawings created in an older version may not work properly in the new Tekla Structures version.

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Moving around in the view

LESSON 1 Moving around in the view

There are several tools you can use to change what you see in a view. This topic introduces some of them.

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5.1

Zooming The zoom tools allow you to focus in on a particular area, or pull out for a wider view.

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Use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out in the model: scroll forward to zoom in, scroll backward to zoom out. You can also zoom by clicking View > Zoom and selecting an option.

5.2

Panning To pan, hold down the middle mouse button. When the pointer changes to a hand symbol, click and drag the model to move it anywhere in the view window. To activate or disable the middle button pan, click Tools > Options > Middle Button Pan, or Shift + M. There is a checkmark next to the menu option when the middle button pan is active.

5.3

Rotating To rotate the model: 1. 2. 3.

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To set the center of rotation, press the V key. Pick the center of rotation. Hold down the Ctrl key and drag with the middle mouse button to rotate the model.

Views A view is a representation of a model from a specific location. Each view is displayed in its own window in the Tekla Structures. There are several types of views. For example, you can create views

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of selected parts and components of selected assemblies and cast units along grid lines.

View properties To define the view properties, click View > View Properties.... The View Properties dialog box opens.

LESSON 1 Views

6.1

of the entire model

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LESSON 1 Views

The View Properties dialog box contains the following options:

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Option

Description

Name

Name of the view. You should give a view a unique name if you need to open it in later sessions. When you exit the model, Tekla Structures only saves named views.

Angle

Switch between the 3D and Plane angle.

Projection

Switch between the Orthogonal and Perspective projection. The options are available only in the rendered view type.

Rotation around Z

Rotation angle around the z axis.

Rotation around X

Rotation angle around the x axis.

View type

View type defines the appearance of the view. The view type options are Rendered and Wire frame.

Color and transparency in all views

Color and transparency settings that are applied to object groups in all views.

View depth: Up

View depth upwards from the view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are visible in the model

View depth: Down

View depth downwards from the view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are visible in the model

Visibility of object types

Define the visibility and representation of object types.

Visible object group

Define the visibility of object groups.

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6.2

Display You can define visibility and representation settings of object types in the Display dialog box. To open the Display dialog box, click View > View Properties..., and then click Display... in the View Properties dialog box. The Display dialog box contains the Settings and Advanced tabs. You can define the visibility of object types on the Settings tab. You can also define the representation settings of model parts and components.

LESSON 1 Views

Settings tab

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The default representation mode for bolts is Exact. It shows bolts, washers, and nuts as solids. The Fast option displays the axis and a cross to represent the bolt head. Fast is the recommended representation mode for bolts, because it increases display speed significantly and consumes less system memory. Advanced tab

You can define the visibility of a part center line, part reference line, part labels and connection texts on the Advanced tab. You can also define the size of points in views. In model increases the point size on the screen when you zoom in. In view does not.

Sometimes the work area in the model can be huge because points are positioned far away from the origin of the model. To easily locate these points for deletion, change the Point size to 1000 or 1500.

6.3

Creating a basic view Basic views are views parallel to the global basic planes, i.e. xy, xz, and zy. In basic views two axes always define the view plane and they appear in the plane name. The third axis is perpendicular to the view plane. It does not appear in the plane name. In the basic plane view, the model is shown from the direction of that third axis. To create a basic view: 1.

Click View > Create View of Model > Basic View... or The Create Basic View dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4.

Select the plane parallel to the view plane. Enter the level coordinate of the view plane. Click Create.

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Tekla Structures creates the basic view. The active properties of the View Properties dialog box are used in the view.

6.4

Creating a top view To create a top view:

LESSON 1 Views

1. 2.

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Click View > View Properties... to open the View Properties dialog box. Select plane from the list next to the Load button. Click Load. The properties are changed.

3.

Click OK.

4.

Click View > Create View of Model > Basic View... or View dialog box. Enter the level distance in the Coordinate box.

5.

to open the Create Basic

For example, if you want that the plane view is at level +4500, enter 4500 in the box.

6.

Click Create to create the top view.

Moving a plane in a top view To move a plane in a top view: 1.

Click the view. A red frame appears in the edge of the view. The view is now selected.

2.

Right-click and select Move Special > Linear.... The Move - Linear dialog box opens.

3.

Enter the moving distance in the dZ box and click Move. The Confirm View Move dialog box opens.

4.

Click Yes. The plane moves.

If you want to change the name of the view, double-click the view and enter the name in the View Properties dialog box.

Creating a grid view using two points To create a grid view using two points: 1.

Hold down the Shift key and click View > Create View of Model > Using Two Points or click . The View Properties dialog box opens.

2.

Select plane from the list next to the Load button and click Load. The view properties are changed.

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LESSON 1 Views

6.5

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6.6

3. 4.

Click OK. Pick the first point on a grid line. Two arrows appear. The arrows indicate the direction of the view.

5.

When the direction is correct, pick the second point on the grid line. A new view is created.

Opening, closing, and deleting named views You can open, close, and delete named views in the Views dialog box. To open the dialog box, click View > View List... or

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The Named views list contains the named views that are closed. To open views, select them and click the arrow to move the views to the Visible views list.

LESSON 1 Views

Opening views

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The number of the named views is unlimited, but the maximum number of open views is nine.

Closing views

To close a view, move the view to the Named views list.

Deleting views

To delete a view, select the view and click Delete.

To select multiple views on lists, use the Shift and Ctrl keys when you select views. To deselect views, hold down the Ctrl key.

6.7

Changing part representation in model views In rendered views, you can define separately how Tekla Structures displays parts and component objects. Use the shortcuts Ctrl + 1...5 and Shift + 1...5 to set the desired representation for parts in the model and components.

Example

Shaded wireframe (Ctrl + 2)

LESSON 1 Views

Rendered (Ctrl + 4)

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Rollover highlight When you move the mouse pointer over objects in rendered model views, Tekla Structures highlights the objects in yellow, so that you can easily see which objects you can select.

To switch rollover highlight on or off, do one of the following:

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Press H. Click Tools > Options > Rollover Highlight.

Common buttons Most of the Tekla Structures dialog boxes contain common buttons. These buttons mean the same thing in all dialog boxes. The common buttons are:

Button

Description Retains the properties in the dialog box without closing the dialog box. Tekla Structures uses these properties the next time you create an object of this type. Closes the dialog box without retaining the properties in the dialog box or modifying objects. Creates a new object using the properties in the dialog box. Fills the dialog box with the properties of the selected object. When you select several objects, Tekla Structures takes the properties at random from one of the selected objects. Displays the help topics for the dialog box. Modifies the selected objects using the properties in the dialog box, but does not retain the properties in the dialog box. Retains the properties in the dialog box and closes the dialog box. Tekla Structures uses these properties the next time you create an object of this type.

LESSON 1 Common buttons

Switches all the check boxes in the dialog box on and off.

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LESSON 2 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to create and modify grids what the work area is how to create plane views along grid lines

> LESSON 2

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Grids The Tekla Structures grids are rectangular and they are shown on the view plane by dash-anddot lines. Using grids makes it easy to create a model and to locate objects in the model. When you create a new model, Tekla Structures creates a default grid which can be modified. You can have one or more grids for one model. You can create one large grid for the entire model and one or more smaller grids for detailed sections. You can also create single grid lines and attach them to an existing grid.

8.1

Creating a grid

LESSON 2

To create a grid:

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1.

Click Modeling > Create Grid..., or click The Grid dialog box opens.

2.

Adjust the grid properties by entering the x, y, and z coordinates and the labels for the grid lines.

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The coordinates in the x and y directions are relative distances. The coordinates in the z direction are absolute distances.

Use spaces to separate the coordinate values. Enter zero as the first coordinate value to show the first grid line on the 0,0 coordinate.

3.

Adjust other grid properties if necessary. • Select Magnetic grid plane to bind objects to grid lines.

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Click Create. Click Close.

Creating a second grid You can create a second grid with a different origin. You must have already created a grid before you begin creating a second grid. To create a second grid: 1.

Click Modeling > Create Grid.... The Grid dialog box opens.

2.

Enter the origin coordinate values in the X0, Y0, and Z0 boxes in the Origin area. You can also pick a point in the view and set it as the origin. The origin of the second grid must be different from the origin of the first grid.

3. 4.

Enter the grid coordinates and labels. Click OK. You now have two grids with different origins.

LESSON 2

8.2

You can lock the grid parameters to prevent accidental changes. To lock the grid parameters, click the User-defined attributes... button and choose Yes from the Locked list.

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8.3

Creating a grid on a shifted work plane The current work plane defines the local coordinate system of a Tekla Structures model. You can shift the work plane to any position by picking points, parallel to one of the global basic planes, or on a part or view plane. The current work plane is model specific so it is related to all views.

You can create a new grid and rotate the grid according to a shifted work plane. This makes it easier to model in the shifted work plane.

8.4

Adding a grid line to an existing grid

LESSON 2

To add a single grid line to an existing grid:

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1. 2.

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Click Modeling > Add Grid Line. Select an existing grid and attach the grid line to it.

3. 4.

8.5

Pick the start point of the grid line. Pick the end point of the grid line.

Modifying a grid line To modify a single grid line: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Work area The work area is the main area where you can edit the model. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green dashed lines. You can define the work area to suit particular situations, for example, to concentrate on a particular area of the model. Defining the work area makes it faster and easier to work with the model. Objects outside the work area still exist, but they are not visible.

LESSON 2 Work area

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is selected. Ensure that the Select grid line selection switch Double-click a grid line. The Grid Line Properties dialog box appears. Modify the grid line properties. Click Modify to save the changes.

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Work area The arrow symbol indicates the work plane. The green cube in a model view represents the global coordinate system. It is located at the global point of origin.

10 Creating plane views along grid lines To create plane views along grid lines: Click View > Create View of Model > Along Grid Lines.... The Creation of Views Along Grids Lines dialog box opens.

2.

Define the settings you need. For instance, you can define the number of views and the view name prefixes.

3.

Click Create. The Views dialog box opens.

LESSON 2 Creating plane views along grid lines

1.

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Move views from the Named views list to the Visible views list. The direction of all views is -x, +y, and -z.

LESSON 2 Creating plane views along grid lines

4.

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LESSON 2 Creating plane views along grid lines

LESSON 3 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to create parts such as columns and beams how to snap on points how to check distances and angles how to use and customize Mini Toolbar how to modify parts how to create chamfers in part corners how to control the selection of objects.

> LESSON 3

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11 Concrete parts You can create concrete parts by using the buttons in the Concrete toolbar, or selecting a command from the Modeling menu.

Button

11.1

Command

Description

Pad Footing

Creates a pad footing at a picked position.

Strip Footing

Creates a strip footing that traverses the picked points.

Column

Creates a concrete column at a picked position.

Beam

Creates a concrete beam between two picked points.

Polybeam

Creates a concrete beam consisting of straight and curved segments.

Slab

Creates a concrete slab based on picked positions forming a contour.

Panel

Creates a concrete panel that traverses the picked points.

Creating a concrete column To create a concrete column: 1. 2.

11.2

Click the Create concrete column Pick the position of the column. The column is created.

button.

Creating a concrete beam

LESSON 3

To create a concrete beam:

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1.

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Click the Create concrete beam

button.

2. 3.

Pick the start point. Pick the end point. The beam is created.

When you create horizontal parts such as beams be consistent and always pick points from left to right and from bottom to top. This ensures that Tekla Structures places and dimensions the parts in the same way in drawings, and that part marks automatically appear at the same part end.

11.3

Creating a concrete pad footing To create a concrete pad footing: 1. 2.

11.4

Click the Create pad footing Pick the pad footing position.

button.

Creating a concrete strip footing To create a concrete strip footing: 1. 2. 3.

Curved sections

11.5

button. Click the Create strip footing Pick the points you want the strip footing to go through. Double-click the end point, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The strip footing is created.

You can create curved sections for strip footings. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).

Creating a concrete panel To create a concrete panel: 1. 2. 3.

You can create curved sections for concrete panels. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).

LESSON 3

Curved sections

button. Click the Create concrete panel Pick the points you want the panel to go through. Double-click the end point, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The concrete panel is created.

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11.6

Creating a concrete slab To create a concrete slab: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click the Create concrete slab Pick the start point. Pick the corner points of the slab. Pick the start point again. The concrete slab is created.

button.

You can also model floors, walls and panels with the concrete slabs.

11.7

Creating a concrete polybeam To create a concrete polybeam: 1. 2. 3.

Curved sections

button. Click the Create concrete polybeam Pick the points you want the polybeam to go through. Double-click the end point, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The polybeam is created.

You can create curved sections for polybeams. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).

12 Snapping Most Tekla Structures commands ask you to pick points to position objects. Snap switches specify exact locations on objects, for example, end points, midpoints, and intersections. Snap switches help you to pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or create additional lines or points. You can use snap switches any time Tekla Structures prompts you to specify a point, for example, if you are creating a beam.

LESSON 3 Snapping

12.1 Snap switches

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The snap switches are located in the Snapping toolbar.

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The two main snap switches define whether you can snap to reference points or any other points on objects. If both these switches are off, you cannot snap to any positions, even if all the other switches are on.

Button

Other snap switches

Snap positions

Description

Symbol

Reference lines and points

You can snap to object reference points (points that have handles).

Large

Geometry lines and points

You can snap to any points on objects.

Small

You can have Tekla Structures display the snap symbols when you move the mouse pointer over objects. The snap symbol is yellow for model objects and green for objects inside components.

Button

Snap positions

Description

Points

Snaps to points and grid line intersections.

End points

Snaps to end points of lines, polyline segments, and arcs.

Centers

Snaps to centers of circles and arcs.

Midpoints

Snaps to midpoints of lines, polyline segments, and arcs.

Symbol

LESSON 3 Snapping

Main snap switches

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Button

Snap positions

Description

Intersections

Snaps to intersections of lines, polyline segments, arcs, and circles.

Perpendicular

Snaps to points on objects that form a perpendicular alignment with another object.

Line extensions

Snaps to the line extensions of nearby objects, and reference and geometry lines of drawing objects.

Free

Snaps to any position.

Nearest point

Snaps to the nearest points on objects, e.g. any point on part edges or lines.

Lines

Snaps to grid lines, reference lines, and the edges of existing objects.

Symbol

12.2 Dimensions in snapping

LESSON 3 Snapping

When you create objects, you can see the dimensions when you snap to points. This is useful for creating beams of certain length, for example.

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Zoom level affects the precision of snapping. To snap on smaller distances, zoom in.

12.3 Orthogonal snapping Use the shortcut O or click Tools > Ortho to activate orthogonal snapping. The mouse pointer locks to the closest orthogonal point on the plane (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 degrees, and so on). The mouse pointer automatically snaps to positions at even distances in the given direction.

12.4 Measuring distances, angles, and bolt spaces You can measure distances, angles, radius and length of an arc, and bolt spaces. All measurements are temporary. The measurements appear in the rendered view window until you update or redraw the window. Before you start measuring, make sure that you are using appropriate snap settings. The following measurement options are available:

• • • • • •

Horizontal distance Vertical distance Distance Angle Arc Bolt spaces

To measure distances, angles, arcs, and bolt spaces: 1. 2.

Click Tools > Measure, or click one of the measurement buttons. Follow the instructions that vary according to the measurement option you selected. When you measure horizontal and vertical distances, use a plane view. To switch to a plane view, press Ctrl + P.

You can modify the most common properties of modeling objects with the Mini Toolbar.

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LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar

13 Mini Toolbar

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The Mini Toolbar appears next to the mouse pointer when you select an object and fades out when you move the mouse further away or change the selection. You can change the position of the toolbar by dragging it and locking it to a new position with the lock button in the top right corner.

13.1 Mini Toolbar examples In this example we modify the profile of a column using the Mini Toolbar: 1.

Select the column. The Mini Toolbar appears next to the mouse pointer.

LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar

Modifying the profile

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2. 3.

Move the pointer over the Mini Toolbar. Modify the profile in the Mini Toolbar and press enter. The profile of the column is changed.

In this example we modify the position of a beam using the Mini Toolbar: 1.

Click in the Mini Toolbar. A window with additional options appears.

Part orientation Position selection dial Rotation angle knob Angle Plane offset Depth offset LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar

Changing the part position

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2. 3. 4.

To change the overall position of the beam, use the round selection dial. Click and drag to select a position. To change the rotation angle, click and drag the green rotation angle knob. To change the Angle, Plane offset, or Depth offset, enter a value in the corresponding box.

13.2 Customizing Mini Toolbar You can customize the Mini Toolbar by selecting which commands are visible, and by adding macros and user-defined attributes to the toolbar. To customize the Mini Toolbar: 1.

Move the mouse pointer on the Mini Toolbar to display it.

2. 3.

Click to open the Customize Mini Toolbar dialog box. Select the elements you wish to show or hide. The Preview field shows what the toolbar will look like.

4.

Include macros and user-defined attributes in the Mini Toolbar. a Select a macro or user-defined attribute in the list of macros and user-defined attributes. b Click Add to Mini Toolbar after each selected macro and user-defined attribute. The added macros and user-defined attributes are shown in the list of visible elements. c

LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar

5.

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To remove macros and user-defined attributes from the Mini Toolbar, unselect them in the list of visible elements. Click OK.

14 Part properties In addition to the Mini Toolbar, you can use the part properties dialog box to view or modify the properties of a part. The basic options of the Attributes and Position tabs are described in this section. In addition, instructions on how to modify part properties are provided. To open a part properties dialog box, double-click the button of the part, or click Modeling > Properties and select an option.

14.1 Attributes tab

LESSON 3 Part properties

The Attributes tab includes options for entering the name and defining the material of the part, for example.

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Option

Description

Name

The name of the part is user-definable. Tekla Structures uses part names in reports and drawing lists, and to identify parts of the same type, for example, beams or columns

Profile / Shape

Enter the profile of the part. Click the button next to the box to select the profile from the catalog.

Material

Enter the material of the part. Click the button next to the box to select the material from the catalog.

Finish

Finish is user-definable. It describes how the part surface has been treated, for example, with fire retardant coating.

Class

Use Class to group parts wit different colors.

User-defined attributes

User-defined attributes provide extra information about a part. Attributes can consist of numbers, text, or lists. Click User-defined attributes... to enter user-defined attrubutes.

LESSON 3 Part properties

14.2 Position tab

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The Position tab contains options for defining the placement of the part. The available options vary from part to part.

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Option

Description

Position

The Position area contains options for defining the location of the part relative to its reference point or the work plane.

Levels

For parts that you create by picking only one point (for example, columns), you can enter the positions of the part ends, relative to the picked point, in the global z direction. Use Bottom to define the position of the first end. Use Top to define the position of the second end. For example, the height of a column is defined with the entered values.

End offset

Use end offsets to move the ends of a part, relative to its reference line. You can enter positive and negative values.

Curved beam

Define the curvature of the part by entering the radius and the plane of curvature.

14.3 Modifying part properties Modifying properties before creating parts

1.

LESSON 3 Part properties

You can modify part properties before you create parts. You can also modify properties of created parts. Open the part properties dialog box either by • double-clicking the button of the part,

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• •

Modifying properties of a created part

holding down the Shift key and clicking the button of the part, or clicking Modeling > Properties and selecting an option.

2. 3.

Modify the properties as required. Click Apply or OK. The modified properties are used when you create parts of the same type.

1.

Double-click a part. The part properties dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4.

Modify the properties as required. Click Modify to apply the modified properties to the part. Click Cancel to close the dialog box.

If you click OK to close the dialog box, the modified properties are retained and will be used the next time you create parts of the same type.

A quick way to modify the properties of a part is using the mini toolbar. For more information, see Mini Toolbar (p. 31).

15 Selecting multiple objects

LESSON 3 Selecting multiple objects

You can select multiple objects simultaneously. To select multiple objects (area selection), do one of the following:

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•

Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse from left to right to select the objects that are completely within that rectangular area.

•

Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse from right to left to select the objects that are completely or partly within that rectangular area.

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To define how area selection works, click Tools > Options > Crossing Selection. When the option is off, the dragging direction affects the selection of objects, as described above. By default, the option is off. When the option is on, all objects that fall at least partially inside the rectangular area are selected, regardless of the dragging direction.

15.1 Hiding unselected parts 1.

Select the parts that you want to keep visible.

2.

Right-click and select Show Only Selected.

LESSON 3 Selecting multiple objects

To hide all unselected parts in a view:

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To completely hide the unselected parts, hold down the Shift key when selecting the command. To show the unselected parts as sticks, hold down the Ctrl key when selecting the command. 3.

To make the parts visible again, do one of the following: • Click View > Redraw All.

•

Right-click and select Redraw View.

15.2 Hiding selected parts You can quickly hide selected parts in a view. This can be useful, for example, when you want to temporarily hide parts in order to see the parts behind them. To hide selected parts: 1. 2.

Click View > Hide Part. Select the parts you want to hide.

LESSON 3 Selecting multiple objects

The selected parts become invisible.

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3.

To make the parts visible again, do one of the following: Click View > Redraw All.

• •

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Right-click and select Redraw view.

16 Part modifications This section provides information on part modifications. The following topics are explained:

• • • • •

Moving start and end points Bending parts Adding recesses to cast units Tubular sections Cambering and warping

16.1 Moving start and end points Tekla Structures indicates the direction of a part with handles. When you select a part, Tekla Structures highlights the handles. The handle of the start point is yellow, the rest are magenta.

Start point End point

LESSON 3 Part modifications

You can move the start and end points by using the End offset options in the part properties dialog box.

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Do not use the Dx, Dy and Dz options on the Position tab for extending or shortening a part.

Extending and shortening parts To extend and shorten parts: switch is active. Ensure that the Snap to part extension lines Select the part which you want to extend or shorten. You can see the part handles when the part is selected.

3.

Drag a handle to extend or shorten the part.

LESSON 3 Part modifications

1. 2.

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You can see the dimension of extension or shortening when you drag the handle.

Drag the handle along the blue dashed line (the line extension of the part). This way you do not change the orientation of the part.

To extend or shorten parts by dragging, the Drag and Drop feature must be enabled. When Drag and Drop is enabled, the D letter is displayed in the status bar. To activate Drag and Drop, click Tools > Options > Drag and Drop, or press the D key.

16.2 Creating curved parts You can create curved parts by defining a radius and the number of segments for a part. The number of segments determines how realistic the curved part looks: the more segments, the less angular the part appears. To create a curved part: Create a part that can be bent: a beam, panel, or strip footing. Double-click the part to open the part properties dialog box. Go to the Curved beam settings area. These settings can be found either on the Position tab or on the Bending tab, depending on the part type.

4. 5. 6.

In the Radius box, enter the radius. In the Number of segments box, enter the number of segments you want to use. Click Modify to bend the part.

LESSON 3 Part modifications

1. 2. 3.

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16.3 Adding recesses to concrete parts To add recesses to concrete parts, you can use the Cut part with polygon and Cut part with another part commands. You can create more sophisticated recess shapes with the Cut part with another part command. To cut a recess with a part: Create a recess-shaped part and position it through the concrete part you want to cut. Click Detailing > Cut Part > With Another Part. Select the concrete part to be cut. Select the cutting part. The recess is created.

5.

Delete the cutting part. You can move, copy and modify the recess.

LESSON 3 Part modifications

1. 2. 3. 4.

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Recess-shaped cutting part

16.4 Cambering and warping parts The Deforming tab in part properties dialog box contains the options for cambering and warping parts.

Warping Cambering

Cambering You can use cambering to pre-camber parts, in other words, to curve long heavy sections that will settle on site and become flat. Use cambering to show the natural camber of a prestressed part in a model. Cambering affects the position of cuts, skews, and embeds in the model. Tekla Structures cambers parts in the local z direction. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Double-click the part to open the part properties dialog box. Go to the Deforming tab. In the Cambering field, define the degree of camber. Click Modify.

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LESSON 3 Part modifications

To camber a part:

45

Warping To warp a beam: 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Double-click the beam to open the part properties dialog box. Go to the Deforming tab. In the Start box, enter the angle of the beam at its start point, relative to the part reference line. In the End box, enter the angle of the beam at its end point, relative to the part reference line. For example, to warp the beam 45 degrees at the end point, enter 0 in the Start angle box and 45 in the End angle box. Click Modify to warp the beam.

17 Corner chamfers Some part corners can be chamfered. You can use the Chamfer command to shape the following parts: concrete and steel polybeams, contour plates, strip footings, concrete slabs, and concrete panels.

The end points of a part do not have corner chamfers. The handles that you select must be at corner points or between two segments of a part.

When Tekla Structures creates a part, by default it has a rectangular chamfer at each corner, which does not change the geometry of the part.

Default chamfer

LESSON 3 Corner chamfers

Modified chamfers

46

Tekla Structures creates chamfers using the active properties in the Chamfer Properties dialog box. Click Detailing > Properties > Chamfer > Part Corner Chamfer... to open the dialog box, or double-click an existing chamfer.

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The Chamfer Properties dialog box contains the following options:

Option

Description

Type

Defines the shape of the chamfer.

x

The dimension of the chamfer.

y

The second dimension of straight chamfers.

dz1

Moves the top surface of the part corner in the local z direction of the part.

dz2

Moves the bottom surface of the part corner in the local z direction of the part.

17.1 Chamfering example To modify the thickness of a slab corner: Double-click the handle on the slab corner to open the Chamfer Properties dialog box. Enter the values in the dz1 and dz2 boxes. Click Modify. The thickness of the corner is modified.

LESSON 3 Corner chamfers

1. 2. 3.

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18 Selection switches You can control object selection by using the selection switches. The selection switches are located in the Selecting toolbar.

The selection switches are described below:

Button

Description Turns all switches on. Select all object types, except for single bolts. Select component symbols.

Select parts, such as columns, beams, and plates.

Select surface treatments.

LESSON 3 Selection switches

Select points.

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Description Select entire grids by selecting one line in the grid.

Select single grid lines.

Select welds.

Select line, part, and polygon cuts, and fittings.

Select model views.

Select entire bolt groups by selecting one bolt in the group.

Select single bolts.

Select reinforcing bars and bar groups.

Select planes.

Select distances.

When you click any object belonging to a component, Tekla Structures selects the component symbol and highlights (does not select) all component objects. Objects created automatically by a component can be selected. When you click any object in an assembly or a cast unit, Tekla Structures selects the assembly or cast unit and highlights all objects in the same assembly or cast unit. Select single objects in assemblies and cast units.

Select selection filters. The list lists both standard and userdefined selection filters. Create your own selection filters.

LESSON 3 Selection switches

Button

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18.1 Selection filters By using selection filters you can select particular objects. Tekla Structures contains several selection filters by default. If you use, for example, the columns filter, you can only select columns in the model. The Selection Filter list lists the standard and user-defined filters.

Selection filters Click to open the Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box Defining your own filters

To define your own filters: 1.

button, or click Edit > Selection Filter... to open the Click the Selection Filter Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box.

2. 3. 4.

Find a filter which has close to the same settings as you need. Modify the settings, then enter a new name in the Save as box. Click Save as, then OK to exit. You can now choose the new filter from the list.

Selection filter example

LESSON 3 Selection switches

In this example we create a selection filter that selects parts whose class is two:

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1. 2.

button, or click Edit > Selection Filter... to open the Click the Selection Filter Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box. Select a row and click Delete row to remove the row. Repeat this to every row.

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3.

Click Add row. Now the Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box contains one row where you can define the filter.

4. 5. 6. 7.

In the Property list, select Class. In the Value list, enter 2. Enter a unique name in the box next to the Save as button. Click Save as to save the selection filter.

Use the selection filter to select the parts whose class is two.

18.2 Selection examples In this example, a cast unit consists of two beams in different spans. A reinforcement (the Rebar in beam (90) component) is added to the cast unit.

LESSON 3 Selection switches

Selecting a cast unit

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If you want to select the whole cast unit (the two beams with the reinforcement), ensure that the Select assemblies

To define the level on which to select objects in cast unit, hold down the Shift key and scroll with the mouse wheel. Level 0 is the highest cast unit level.

LESSON 3 Selection switches

Scrolling cast unit levels

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switch is active.

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Level 0 Level 1 The level of the selected assembly is displayed in the status bar. Level 0:

Selecting objects for reports and drawings

LESSON 3 Selection switches

Level 1:

This cast unit consists of two beams and reinforcement.

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When you generate reports, drawings or other types of output of the cast unit, ensure that the Select objects in components

switch is active. You can then select all the objects.

switch selects objects at the highest level. The reinforcement The Select components is highlighted but not selected, and the information of the reinforcement is not displayed in the report or drawing.

19 Steel parts You can create steel parts by using the buttons in the Steel toolbar, or select a command from the Modeling menu.

LESSON 3 Steel parts

Button

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Command

Description

Column

Creates a steel column at a picked position.

Beam

Creates a steel beam between two picked points.

Polybeam

Creates a steel beam consisting of straight and curved segments.

Button

Command

Description

Curved Beam

Creates a steel beam with its radius defined by three picked points.

Contour Plate

Creates a contour plate based on picked positions forming a contour.

Orthogonal Beam

Creates a steel beam orthogonal to the work plane in a picked position.

Twin Profile

Creates a twin profile between two picked points. A twin profile consists of two beams.

19.1 Creating a steel column To create a steel column: 1. 2.

button. Click the Create column Pick the position of the column.

19.2 Creating a steel beam You can create steel beams, compression bars, wind bracings, plates and tubes with the Create beam command.

To create a steel beam: 1. 2. 3.

Click the Create beam Pick the start point. Pick the end point. The beam is created.

button.

When you create horizontal parts, such as beams, be consistent and always pick points from left to right, and from bottom to top. This ensures that Tekla Structures places and dimensions the parts in the same way in drawings, and that part marks automatically appear at the same part end.

19.3 Creating a curved steel beam LESSON 3 Steel parts

A curved beam is a beam which runs through three points. The radius of the curved beam is automatically calculated on the basis of the picked points. To create a curved steel beam:

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1. 2. 3. 4.

Click the Create curved beam Pick the start point. Pick a point on the arc. Pick the end point. The curved steel beam is created.

button.

19.4 Creating a steel polybeam A polybeam is a part which runs through several points.

To create a steel polybeam: 1. 2. 3.

Click the Create polybeam button. Pick the points you want the beam to go through. Double-click the end point, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The polybeam is created.

Do not enter any values for the Radius or the Number of segments in the polybeam properties dialog box.

Curved sections

You can create curved segments for polybeams. Use chamfering to create the curved segments. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).

To ensure that you will have correct information in NC files, create polybeams a little shorter than needed (1). Fit them afterwards or connect them by using a component (2).

LESSON 3 Steel parts

Folded plates

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Folded plates need to be modeled as polybeams. You can modify the shape of a folded plate by selecting an appropriate chamfer symbol in the Chamfer Properties dialog box.

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19.5 Creating an orthogonal steel beam Orthogonal beams are positioned orthogonally to the work plane. To create an orthogonal steel beam: 1. 2.

Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Orthogonal Beam. Pick the position of the beam.

19.6 Creating a steel twin profile A twin profile consists of two identical beams. You define the positions of both beams by selecting the twin profile type and setting the clearance between the beams in two directions. To create a steel twin profile: 1. 2. 3.

Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Twin Profile. Pick the start point. Pick the end point. The twin profile is created.

19.7 Creating a steel contour plate Contour plates are free-form shaped plates. To create a steel contour plate: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click the Create contour plate button. Pick the start point. Pick the corner points of the contour plate. Pick the start point again, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking.

Setting the contour plate orientation

LESSON 3 Steel parts

You can set the contour plate main axis to follow the line created by the first and second points you have picked. This enables you to manually define the plate orientation in drawings and reports. To set the contour plate orientation:

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1.

Create the contour plate. The first and second points you pick define the main axis of the plate.

First picked point Second picked point 2. 3. 4.

Double-click the plate to open the Contour Plate Properties dialog box. Click the User-defined attributes... button and go to the Orientation tab. Select From 1st to 2nd creation point from the Main axis direction list.

5. 6. 7.

Click Modify and OK to close the dialog box. Click OK to close the Contour Plate Properties dialog box. Click Drawings & Reports > Numbering > Number Modified Objects to update numbering. Create a single-part drawing of the contour plate to view the orientation.

LESSON 3 Steel parts

8.

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Main axis direction is Automatic. Main axis direction is From 1st to 2nd creation point.

Adding a corner to a contour plate To add a corner to a contour plate: Select the contour plate to which you want to add a corner. Click Detailing > Modify Polygon Shape. Pick an existing corner (1). Pick a new corner (2). Pick another existing corner (3).

LESSON 3 Steel parts

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Alternatively, move the handles using drag-and-drop or the Move command.

Removing a corner from a contour plate To remove a corner from a contour plate: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the contour plate from which you want to remove a corner. Click Detailing > Modify Polygon Shape. Pick an existing corner (1). Pick another existing corner (2). Pick the corner to be removed (3).

LESSON 3 Steel parts

Alternatively, move the handles using drag-and-drop or the Move command.

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LESSON 4 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to copy and move objects how to fine-tune the part shape how to use bolts how to split and combine parts how to create points how to work with cast units

> LESSON 4

• • • • • •

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20 Copying and moving You can copy and move objects linearly, with rotation, and with mirroring. Copying creates a new object, leaving the existing object in its original position. Moving relocates the existing object.

Copy Move Tekla Structures has the following options for copying and moving objects:

Description

Edit > Copy or Ctrl + C

Copies selected objects.

Edit > Copy Special > Linear...

Creates copies of selected objects at a specified distance from the original.

Edit > Copy Special > Rotate...

Creates a copy and rotates it around any line or around the work plane z axis.

Edit > Copy Special > Mirror...

Creates a mirrored copy of an object through a specified plane.

Edit > Copy Special > To Another Plane

Creates a copy on another plane using three specified points.

Edit > Copy Special > To Another Object

Copies selected objects from one object to another.

Edit > Copy Special > From Another Model...

Copies selected objects from another model.

Command

Description

Edit > Move or Ctrl + M

Moves selected objects.

Edit > Move Special > Linear...

Moves selected objects a specified distance.

Edit > Move Special > Rotate...

Moves the object and rotates it around any line or around the work plane z axis.

Edit > Move Special > Mirror...

Mirrors the object and moves it through a specified plane.

Edit > Move Special > To Another Plane

Moves the object using three specified points.

Edit > Move Special > To Another Object

Moves selected objects from one object to another.

LESSON 4

Command

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20.1 Copying To copy an object: 1.

Select the objects you want to copy.

2. 3.

Click Edit > Copy, or click Pick the origin for the copying.

4.

Pick one or more destination points.

.

The objects are copied immediately. 5.

To stop copying, click Edit > Interrupt or right-click and select Interrupt.

20.2 Copying linearly LESSON 4

Linear copying creates one or several copies of a selected object at a specified distance from the original. Use linear copying when you want to make many copies of objects at equal distances. For example, use linear copying to create floors of a building. To copy an object linearly to a new position:

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1. 2.

Select the objects you want to copy. Click Edit > Copy Special > Linear.... The Copy - Linear dialog box opens.

3.

Use one of the two options for entering the desired distance: • Enter the distance directly in the Copy - Linear dialog box, or

• 4. 5.

Pick an origin point and a destination point to set the distance.

Enter the number of copies. Click Copy. The selected objects are copied in the selected destination.

If the dialog box is open but the command is not active anymore, click the Pick button to re-activate the command.

20.3 Copying and rotating You can copy objects in a model by rotating them around any line you choose, or around the work plane z axis. To rotate an object: 1. 2.

Select the objects you want to copy. Click Edit > Copy Special > Rotate.... The Copy-Rotate dialog box opens.

3.

Select Z or line in the Around list box to define whether you want to rotate around the z axis or around a line. Pick a point to define the rotation axis, or enter its coordinates in the Origin area. Enter the number of copies. If required, enter the dZ value, which is the difference in position between the original and copied object in the z direction. Enter the rotation angle. Click Copy to copy and rotate the objects.

4. 5. 6.

LESSON 4

7. 8.

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Example

Rotation point

20.4 Copying and mirroring When you copy an object, you can mirror it through a plane that is perpendicular to the work plane and passes through a line you specify.

The Rotate command is always more preferable than the Mirror command. Tekla Structures cannot create mirrored copies of component properties. The Edit > Copy Special > Mirror... command does not fully mirror objects if they include components with, for example, asymmetrically positioned parts. To copy and mirror an object: Select the objects you want to copy and mirror. Click Edit > Copy Special > Mirror.... The Copy - Mirror dialog box opens.

LESSON 4

1. 2.

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3. 4. 5. 6.

Pick the start point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates. Pick the end point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates. Enter the angle. Click Copy. The objects are copied and mirrored.

Example

Start point End point Mirror axis

Mirroring an asymmetrical column When you mirror an asymmetrical column, the properties of the mirrored column are not automatically correct. To set the properties of a mirrored asymmetrical column: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the mirrored column. Click Modeling > Properties > Steel Parts > Orthogonal Beam.... Click Get. Click Modify. Click OK. The properties of the mirrored column are correct.

20.5 Copying to another plane LESSON 4

You can copy objects from the first plane you specify to the second (and third, etc.) plane using three specified points.

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To copy an object to another plane: 1.

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Select the objects you want to copy.

Click Edit > Copy Special > To Another Plane. Pick the point of origin of the first plane. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive x direction. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive y direction. Repeat steps 3–5 for all destination planes.

LESSON 4

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Select the objects. Define the origin and the position of the source object. Define the origin and position of the target object. Copied objects.

20.6 Copying to another object LESSON 4

You can copy objects from an object to other similar objects. This is useful, for example, when you detail previously modeled parts. The objects that you can copy between can have different dimensions, length, and rotation.

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To copy an object to another object:

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1. 2. 3. 4.

Select the objects you want to copy. Right-click and select Copy Special > To Another Object from the pop-up menu. Select the object to copy from (source object). Select the objects to copy to (target object).

20.7 Copying from another model You can copy whole phases from an existing model to another one. You can copy from another model even when more than one person is working on the model. Tekla Structures only copies secondary parts from the model if they belong to the same phase as their main part. This applies to both model and component parts.

Drawings cannot be imported with the model.

To copy objects from another model: 1. 2. 3.

Click Edit > Copy Special > From Another Model.... Select the model to copy from in the Model directories list. Enter the numbers of the phases from which to copy objects, separated by spaces. For example, 2 7.

4. 5.

Click Copy. Close the dialog box. When you enter several phases, separate the different phase numbers with a space. If additional phases are not created, all the objects in the model are in phase one.

20.8 Moving To move an objects: 1.

Select the objects you want to move.

2. 3.

Click Edit > Move, or click Pick the origin for moving.

LESSON 4

.

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4.

Pick a destination point.

5.

The objects are moved immediatelly.

20.9 Moving linearly Linear moving moves the selected object a specified distance. To move an object linearly to a new position: 1. 2. 3.

Select the objects you want to move. Click Edit > Move Special > Linear.... The Move - Linear dialog box opens. Use one of the two options for entering the desired distance: Enter the distance directly in the Move - Linear dialog box, or

• •

LESSON 4

4.

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Pick an origin point and a destination point to set the distance.

Click Move. The selected objects are moved in the selected destination.

If the dialog box is open but the command is not active anymore, click the Pick button to re-activate the command.

20.10 Moving and rotating You can move objects in a model by rotating them around any line you choose, or around the work plane z axis. To rotate an object: 1. 2. 3.

Select the objects you want to move. Click Edit > Move Special > Rotate.... The Move - Rotate dialog box opens.

4.

Select Z or line in the Around list box to define whether you want to rotate around the z axis or around a line. Pick a point to define the rotation axis, or enter its coordinates in the Origin area. Enter the rotation angle. Click Move to rotate the objects around the defined line or axis to a new location.

5. 6. 7.

20.11 Moving and mirroring When you move an object, you can mirror it through a plane that is perpendicular to the work plane and passes through a line you specify.

LESSON 4

The Rotate command is always more preferable than the Mirror command.

To move and mirror an object:

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1. 2.

Select the objects you want to move and mirror. Click Edit > Move Special > Mirror.... The Move - Mirror dialog box opens.

3. 4.

Pick the start point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates and angle. Click Move. The objects are moved and mirrored.

20.12 Moving to another plane You can move objects from the first plane you specify to another plane, which you specify by picking three points. The moved objects remain in the same position on the second plane as the original objects on the first plane. To move an object to another plane: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Select the objects you want to move. Click Edit > Move Special > To Another Plane. Pick the point of origin of the first plane. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive x direction. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive y direction. Repeat steps 3–5 for the destination plane.

20.13 Moving to another object You can move objects from an object to other, similar objects. This is useful, for example, when you detail previously modeled parts. The objects that you move between can have different dimensions, length, and rotation. To move an object to another object: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Select the objects you want to move. Right-click and select Move Special > To Another Object from the pop-up menu. Select the object to move from (source object). Select the objects to move to (target object).

21 Fine-tuning part shape

LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

You can use Tekla Structures to fine-tune the part shape in the following ways:

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• • • •

fit part end to fit a part to the selected fitting line cut part with line to reshape the end of a part cut part with another part to create part-shaped cuts cut part with a polygon to cut a polygon shape into a part

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21.1 Fittings You can fit the end of a part by creating a straight cutting line between two points you pick. The shortest part of the part is deleted automatically. When you fit parts, ensure that the cutting plane is perpendicular to the model view. Use a plane view when fitting.

Use the Snap to neareast points (point on line) when fitting.

snap switch

Creating a fitting To fit a part end: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click Detailing > Fit Part End. Select the part you want to cut with a fitting. Pick the first point of the cutting line. Pick the second point of the cutting line. Do not apply a second fitting on the same part end, because then Tekla Structures will ignore the first fitting. This happens if you use the Fit Part End command for cutting and try to make two cuts on the same part end. In situations like this, use the Cut Part commands instead.

Fitting symbol

You can shape the end of a part by using the Cut part with line command. A line cut cuts the end of a beam on a plane that passes through a line you pick. Several line cuts can be applied to one part end. In addition, a combination of one fitting and one or more line cuts can be applied. When you use the line cut for shortening, you have to select the side of the part which has to be removed.

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LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

21.2 Cutting parts with a line

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When you shorten parts in the longitudinal direction using a fitting or a line cut, the size of the profile is not changed in reports.

To cut a part with a line: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click Detailing > Cut Part > With Line or click Select the part you want to cut. Pick the first point of the cutting line. Pick the second point of the cutting line. Select the side to be removed.

.

Fitting Line cut

Do not use cuts or fittings to change the length of a part, for the following reasons:

• •

Cuts may cause shop errors, because cuts do not always affect part length when you export information to NC files. Fittings may cause problems with connections and details.

21.3 Cutting parts with another part

LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

You can create a part-shaped cut by cutting a part with another part.

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You can create circular holes with the Cut part with another part command. Circular holes are also dimensioned in drawings. However, when creating circular holes, it is better to use the Create bolts command. For larger holes, increase the tolerance of the holes. To cut a part with another part: 1.

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Click Detailing > Cut Part > With Another Part.

2. 3.

Select the part you want to cut. Select the cutting part. Tekla Structures cuts the selected main part. The part cut does not affect other parts.

4.

Delete the cutting part. a Ensure that the Select cuts and fittings selection switch is off. b Select the cutting part and press Delete. Cuts are displayed using dash-and-dot lines. It is possible to double-click the cutting line and change its shape and size.

Errors in part cuts Occasionally erros may occur when the part is cut. In such cases, the cut part is highlighted in a transparent color. To have a cut created correctly, rotate the cut part.

incorrect correct

LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

An error can also occur when you use the Round tube (23) component. To avoid any errors, set a slight rotation for the component. Unsolved errors may result in wrong part lengths and problems in drawing creation.

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21.4 Cutting parts with a polygon You can cut a polygon shape into a part with a polygon cut. You must create the cuts in a plane view. To cut a part with a polygonal shape: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click Detailing > Cut Part > With Polygon or click . Select the part you wan to cut. Pick positions to outline the polygon to be used for cutting. To close the polygon, click the middle mouse button.

LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

The dash-and-dot lines are cutting lines. They can be used for copying the cutting shape.

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21.5 Creating welds and fittings in multiple objects You can create welds and fittings in multiple objects with one selection.

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To create welds and fittings in multiple objects: 1. 2.

Click Detailing > Weld > Create Weld Between Parts. Select the main part and the secondary parts using area selection.

All five objects are now welded. You can now also fit all the five objects with one command.

21.6 Surface treatment You can add surface treatment to parts. Surface treatment for concrete parts include, for example, flat finishes, surface mixes, and tiles. Surface treatments are visible only in rendered views. When you redefine the properties of a part (for example, you change the size of a part), the surface treatment is automatically modified to fit the part. To define the properties of the surface treatment, click Detailing > Properties > Surface Treatment....

For more information on surface treatment, see Tekla Structures Help.

Adding surface treatment to a selected area To add surface treatment to a selected area: Click Detailing > Create Surface Treatment > To Selected Area on Part Face. Pick the origin of the surface treatment. Pick a point to indicate the direction of the surface treatment. Select an area of the part face to apply the surface treatment to. a Move the mouse cursor over a part. The faces that you can select appear in blue. b Select the part face. c Pick three or more points on the part face to define a polygonal area. LESSON 4 Fine-tuning part shape

1. 2. 3. 4.

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21.7 Chamfering part edges To chamfer the edge of a part: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click Detailing > Create Chamfer > For Part Edge. Select the part you want to chamfer. Pick a point where you want the chamfer to start on the part edge. Pick a second point where you want the chamfer to end on the part edge. Tekla Structures displays the chamfer in light blue color.

5.

Optional: Modify the chamfer. a Double-click the chamfer to open the Edge Chamfer Properties dialog box. b Modify the chamfer properties. c Click OK. Right-click the view and select Redraw View. Tekla Structures removes the chamfered edge.

6.

22 Bolts

LESSON 4 Bolts

To create bolts, you can either create a single bolt group or apply a component that automatically creates bolt groups.

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You can create different part marks for holes and bolts in drawings. You cannot use bolt elements (such as screws, washers, and nuts) while creating holes, as Tekla Structures uses the same command for creating bolts and holes.

22.1 Bolt properties button to open the Bolt Properties dialog box.

LESSON 4 Bolts

Double-click the Create bolts

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Option

Description

Bolt size

Bolt diameter. Available diameters depend on the bolt standard chosen.

Bolt standard

Bolt assembly standard that is defined in the bolt catalog.

Bolt type

Defines whether the bolts are assembled on-site or in the shop. Default setting is Site.

Connect part/assembly

Indicates whether you are bolting a secondary part or a sub-assembly.

Thread in material

Indicates if the thread of the bolt can be inside the bolted parts.

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Option

Description

Cut length

Indicates which parts the bolt connects. Tekla Structures searches for parts using half the cut length value, in both directions from the bolt group plane. If you want to force a bolt to a certain length, enter a negative value for cut length.

Extra length

Additional bolt length.

Shape

The shape of the bolt group. The options are Array, Circle, and xy list.

Bolt dist X

Bolt spacing, number, or coordinate, depending on the bolt group shape.

Bolt dist Y

Bolt spacing, group diameter, or coordinate, depending on the bolt group shape.

Tolerance

Tolerance = Hole diameter - Bolt diameter

Hole type

Oversized or slotted. This list activates after you select Parts with slotted holes check boxes.

Slotted hole X

X allowance of a slotted hole. Zero for a round hole.

Slotted hole Y

Y allowance of a slotted hole. Zero for a round hole.

Rotate slots

If the bolt connects several parts, you may want to rotate alternate holes by 90 degrees. Options are Odd, Even, and Parallel.

On plane

Bolt group location relative to the bolt group x axis on the work plane.

Rotation

Defines how far the bolt group is rotated around the x axis, relative to the current work plane.

At depth

Bolt group location relative to work plane.

Dx, Dy, Dz

Offsets that move the bolt group by moving the bolt group x axis.

Holes Tekla Structures uses the same command for creating bolts and holes. Before creating holes, you need to change some of the properties in the Bolt Properties dialog box. If you want to create only holes without any bolts, clear all the Include in bolt assembly check boxes:

You can create the following types of holes: Round Oversized

LESSON 4 Bolts

• •

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• •

Slotted Tapped

22.2 Creating a bolt group Bolt groups are used to connect parts. Bolts can penetrate one part or multiple parts. By default, bolt groups are rectangular, but it is also possible to make circular bolt groups. When you insert a bolt group, you need to pick two points. These two points determine the local x direction of the bolt group. It is important that the points you pick to create the bolt group are close enough to the parts you want to connect. The cut length property of a bolt group defines how far along the bolt axis the parts must be in order to hit the bolt group.

A bolt group can contain a maximum of 100 bolts or holes.

To create a bolt group: 1. 2.

Click Detailing > Bolts > Create Bolts or click . Select the shape of the bolt group in the Shape list. Bolt groups are rectangular by default, but you can also select Circle to create a circular bolt group.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Select the main part to which the secondary parts will be bolted. Select the secondary parts. Click the middle mouse button to finish selecting parts. Pick a point, which is the bolt group origin. Pick a second point to indicate the bolt group x direction.

LESSON 4 Bolts

An example of a rectangular bolt group:

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An example of a circular bolt group:

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22.3 Creating a divided bolt group You can connect multiple parts together with a bolt group. For example, you can connect two beams with a plate that is bolted to the beams. To connect beams with a plate and a bolt group: Double-click the Create bolts button to open the Bolt Properties dialog box. Modify the values in the Bolt Dist X box. You can define the number of bolt rows that are created and the spacing between them.

3. 4.

Click OK. Select the parts that you want to connect together. Select first the beams and then the plate.

5.

Pick the start and end points. The divided bolt group is created.

LESSON 4 Bolts

1. 2.

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22.4 Modifying bolt groups If the bolts in a bolt group are too short, you can modify them. To modify a bolt group: 1. 2.

Select a bolt group. Right-click the bolt group and select Bolt parts. The parts are highlighted.

3.

Follow the instructions on the status bar to select the connected parts. The bolt length is adjusted to the new material thickness.

22.5 Creating slotted holes In addition to circular holes, you can also create slotted holes. Slotted holes can be set either in x or in y direction. To create a slotted hole: 1.

Double-click the Create Bolts button. The Bolt Properties dialog box opens.

2.

To indicate which parts should be slotted, select the desired Parts with slotted holes check boxes. When a bolt penetrates more than one part, you can define whether slotted holes are created for each part individually.

3.

Set the length of the slotted holes in the Slotted hole X and Slotted hole Y boxes in the Bolt Properties dialog box.

LESSON 4 Bolts

4.

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If the bolt connects several parts, you can rotate alternate holes by 90 degrees by selecting one of the rotating options in the Rotate Slots list. Options to rotate the slots:

• • •

even odd parallel

22.6 Bolts on cast-in embeds You can use the Create bolts command to connect two or more parts. The bolt length is calculated by means of a formula using the material thickness of the connected parts. You can also determine the bolt length manually.

You can split and combine parts in Tekla Structures. Tekla Structures retains the properties, attached objects, and connections even when parts are split.

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LESSON 4 Splitting and combining parts

23 Splitting and combining parts

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23.1 Splitting parts You can use splitting with straight parts, curved beams without offsets, or normal and tapered reinforcing bar groups. You can also split plates and slabs by using a polygon. You cannot split polybeams. To split a part: 1. 2. 3.

Click Edit > Split. Select the part you want to split. Pick a point for the dividing line.

If necessary, you can create the points before selecting the parts. New start and end points are placed on the splitting points. If you have already carried out the numbering, the part and assembly number is allocated to the part that was closest to the initial start point of the part. The other part gets a new number.

You cannot split bolt groups.

23.2 Combining parts You can combine existing parts in Tekla Structures. This can be useful when you want to model complex parts (such as folded plates) that are otherwise difficult to model, or when you want to model prefabricated parts that are delivered to the workshop already attached to profiles.

LESSON 4 Splitting and combining parts

When you select the parts you want to combine, the part properties of the part that is selected first are used for the combined part.

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To combine parts: 1. 2. 3.

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Click Edit > Combine. Select the first part. Select the second part.

The space is filled when parts are combined. The furthest distance between the start and the end point. If the centerlines of the part are not in line with each other, the centerlines are combined by taking the largest distance between the start and end points from both parts.

Combining does not work for contour plates or polybeams.

When you combine parts, Tekla Structures retains the attached objects and connections. Tekla Structures does not recreate connections in the part that was selected first.

24 Points To place an object in a model you may need to pick points. To place an object where no lines or objects intersect, you have the following options:

• • •

Use snapping commands. See Snapping (p. 28). Use construction planes, lines and circles. Create points.

To create points, use the buttons in the Points toolbar, or select a command from Modeling >

For more information on creating points and using construction planes, lines and circles, see Tekla Structures Help.

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LESSON 4 Points

Add Points.

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24.1 Creating points along a line The Add points on line command creates points at equal intervals along a line. You define the number of points and pick the line. To create points along a line: 1.

Double-click the Add points on line button. The Divided Line Points dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Enter the number of dividing points. Click OK. Pick the start point of the line. Pick the end point of the line.

25 Cast units The concrete structures in Tekla Structures are modeled as single parts. By default, each part is considered a separate cast unit. For construction purposes you may need to merge several concrete parts into one cast unit. For example, a single cast unit could consist of a column with corbels. You need to specify which parts form the cast unit. Cast units can include reinforcement, as well as concrete parts. The main part in a concrete cast unit is the one with the largest volume of concrete. You can change the main part in a cast unit. There are two cast unit types:

Cast unit type

Description

Precast

Cast units that are built at another location and transported to their final location for placement in the full structure.

Cast-in-place

Cast units that are constructed fully in their final location.

Tekla Structures checks the cast unit type of the main part each time you create or modify a cast unit. Tekla Structures does not mix precast and cast-in-place parts within a cast unit.

25.1 Defining the cast unit type

LESSON 4 Cast units

To define whether a concrete part is precast or cast-in-place part:

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1. 2. 3. 4.

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Double-click a concrete part to open the concrete part properties dialog box. Go to the Cast unit tab. In the Cast unit type box, select Precast or Cast in place. Click Modify to save the changes.

25.2 Creating a cast unit To create a cast unit: 1. 2. 3.

. Click Modeling > Cast unit > Create or click Select the objects you want to include in the cast unit. Click the middle mouse button to create the cast unit.

25.3 Adding objects to cast units To add objects to cast units: 1. 2. 3.

Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Add to. Select the objects you want to add. Select an object in the cast unit.

25.4 Modifying cast units The shape of the cast unit is determined by the used profile (width and height) and the length (except contour plates). The height and width can be changed by modifying the part properties. The length is determined by the picked points. These points can be moved afterwards and length can also be modified by applying fittings possibly by using components.

Do not use fittings, line cuts, or polygon cuts to change the width of a cast unit.

25.5 Highlighting objects in a cast unit Use the Inquire tool to check which objects belong to a particular cast unit. To highlight objects in a cast unit: Click Tools > Inquire > Assembly Objects. Select a part that belongs to a cast unit. Tekla Structures highlights the other parts that belong to the same cast unit. The following colors are used:

Object type

Highlight color

Concrete - main part

magenta

Concrete - secondary part

cyan

Reinforcement

blue

LESSON 4 Cast units

1. 2.

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Object type

Highlight color

Steel part - main part

orange

Steel part - secondary part

yellow

25.6 Changing the cast unit main part To change the main part in a cast unit: 1.

Check what is currently the main part of the cast unit. a Ensure that the Select assemblies selection switch is active. b Click Tools > Inquire > Assembly Objects. c Select the cast unit. Tekla Structures highlights the main and secondary parts in different colors.

2. 3. 4.

Ensure that the Select objects in assemblies selection switch is active. Select the new main part. Right-click and select Set as New Main Part of Assembly from the pop-up menu.

25.7 Creating a cast unit view You can create cast unit views to display only the selected cast unit. Working with the cast unit is easier when only the relevant information is displayed. For example, you can perform checking and review operations more easily. To create a cast unit view: Ensure that the Select assemblies switch Select the cast unit in the model.

3.

Right-click and select Create View, then select one of the options. Tekla Structures creates the cast unit view.

LESSON 4 Cast units

1. 2.

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is active.

25.8 Removing objects from a cast unit To remove objects from a cast unit: 1. 2.

Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Remove From. Select the objects you want to remove.

26 Modeling tips for concrete parts This section contains modeling tips of concrete parts. The following modeling cases are explained:

• • •

Overlapping part planes in cast units Defining top-in-form face Orienting parts for drawings.

When you model cast units, the overlapping part lines are displayed in the model but can be invisible in drawings. If the parts do not overlap, the part edges are visible in drawings.

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LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

26.1 Overlapping part lines in cast units

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The overlapping lines are visible in the model. The overlapping lines are invisible in the drawing. Displaying overlapping lines in drawings

To display the overlapping lines in drawings: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Setting hidden lines tolerance

Click Tools > Options > Advanced Options... to open the Advanced Options dialog box. Select Concrete Detailing. Set the XS_DRAW_CAST_UNIT_INTERNAL_LINES advanced option to TRUE. Click OK.

You can set the distance within which Tekla Structures treats part lines inside cast units as overlapping lines. To do that: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Go to the ..\Tekla Structures\\nt\bin folder. Open the user.ini file with a text editor. Enter the set XS_HIDDEN_LINES_CHECK_TOLERANCE=0.1 advanced option. By changing the number the tolerance value is changed. Save the changes and close the text editor. The change comes into effect when you restart Tekla Structures.

26.2 Defining top-in-form face To indicate the pouring side of a concrete part, you can define the top-in-form face of the part and show it in model views. The top-in-form face will appear in the front view in drawings.

LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

Use the Rendered, Rendered (dark colors), or Hidden lines representation for parts when you define the top-in-form face in rendered views.

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Defining top-inform faces

To define the top-in-form face of a concrete part:

Showing top-inform faces

To show the top-in-form faces of concrete parts in a model view:

1. 2.

1. 2.

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Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Set Top in Form Face. Select the part face which will face upwards in the form.

Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Show Top in Form Face. Select the parts. Tekla Structures highlights the top-in-form faces in red.

26.3 Orienting parts for drawings Usually the top-in-form face of a concrete wall is the front side in a drawing. It is useful to know how the part is orientated in a drawing. When you model the parts, you should take the orientation into account.

LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

Parts are orientated in drawings according to the direction of the parts. This means that the direction of the reference points (start point -> end point) defines the orientation in the drawings.

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Start point End point If the pouring side needs to be on the other side of the building, you have to take that into account when you model the building.

Start point End point To switch the side of the top-in-form face after a cast unit has been completed:

LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

1. 2. 3.

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Double-click the part to open the properties dialog box. Click User-defined attributes.... Select Back from the Top in form face list.

6. 7. 8.

Click OK Click Drawings & Reports > Drawing Settings > Cast Unit Drawing... to open the Cast Unit Drawing Properties dialog box. Click the View... button to open the Cast Unit - View Properties dialog box. Go to the Attributes tab. Select Fixed from the Coordinate system list.

LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

4. 5.

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LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts

9.

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Close the dialog boxes by clicking OK.

LESSON 5 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to modify the work area how to create, move, and delete clip planes how to use work planes how to use more advanced snapping features

> LESSON 5

• • • •

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27 Modifying the work area You can modify the work area to suit particular situations. You can fit the work area and locate, for example, distant objects from an oversized work area. It is also possible to hide the work area lines.

27.1 Fit work area to selected parts To fit work area to selected parts: 1. 2.

Select the model objects you want to see in the work area. Click View > Fit Work Area > To Selected Parts in Selected Views. The work area includes the selected objects. The objects outside the work area still exist, but they are not visible.

27.2 Fit work area using two points You have to be working with a plane view in order to fit work area using two points. If you are currently working in 3D view, press Ctrl + P to switch to plane view. To fit work area using two points:

LESSON 5

1.

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Click View > Fit Work Area > Using Two Points or click

.

2.

Pick the two points you want as corner points for the work area.

27.3 Fit work area to entire model in selected views To fit the work area to the entire model, click View > Fit Work Area > To Entire Model in Selected Views. The work area includes all model objects in selected views.

27.4 Finding distant objects The work area in a model view can be oversized if, for example, one or more objects have been positioned too far from the origin. You can use the Find Distant Objects command to correct the situation. To find distant objects: Click Tools > Diagnose & Repair Model > Find Distant Objects. Tekla Structures displays a list of object IDs. At the end of the list, Tekla Structures displays additional six objects that have the biggest and smallest x, y, or z coordinates.

LESSON 5

1.

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2. 3.

Select an object in the list. Right-click and select a command from the pop-up menu. You can, for example, inquire or delete the object.

27.5 Finding distant points The work area in a model view can be oversized if, for example, one or more points have been positioned too far from the origin. To find distant points: 1.

Ensure that the Select points selection switches are active.

and Select objects in components

The other switches in the Selecting toolbar must not be active.

2. 3. 4.

Click Edit > Select All Objects or press Ctrl + A to select all points. Check the number of selected points in the status bar and press Delete. Click View > Fit Work Area > To Entire Model in Selected Views to fit the model in the work area.

27.6 Finding distant reference models The work area in a model view can be oversized if, for example, one or more reference models have been positioned too far from the origin.

LESSON 5

To find distant reference models:

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1. 2.

Click File > Reference Model List... and select the reference model in the list. Click View > Fit Work Area > To Selected Parts in Selected Views. The work area is resized to the reference model.

3.

Move the reference model.

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27.7 Hiding the work area If you want, you can hide the green work area box. This can be useful, for example, when creating screenshots. To hide the work area: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click Tools > Options > Advanced Options... > Model View. Set the XS_HIDE_WORKAREA advanced option to TRUE. Click OK or Apply. Click View > Redraw All. Tekla Structures hides the work area. To make the work area visible again, set the advanced option to FALSE. Alternatively, hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys when clicking View > Redraw All to hide the green work area box. To make the box visible again, click View > Redraw All again.

28 Clip planes Clip planes enable you to focus in on the required detail in the model. For example, you can use clip planes to see what is inside the model. You can create up to six clip planes in any rendered model view.

28.1 Creating a clip plane To create a clip plane: Click View > Create Clip Plane, or click Select a plane.

The clip plane symbol

.

appears in the model.

LESSON 5 Clip planes

1. 2.

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3. 4.

Repeat step 2 to create as many clip planes as needed. To finish creating clip planes, press Esc, or right-click and select Interrupt.

28.2 Moving a clip plane To move a clip plane:

LESSON 5 Clip planes

1. 2.

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Select the clip plane you want to move. Click the clip plane symbol and drag it to a new location.

by holding

LESSON 5 Clip planes

You can change the location of the clip plane symbol down the Shift key and dragging the symbol.

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28.3 Deleting a clip plane To delete a clip plane: 1. 2.

Select the clip plane you want to delete. Click the clip plane symbol and press Delete.

29 Work plane The red coordinate arrow symbol indicates the work plane, which is the local coordinate system of the model. The work plane also has its own grid, which can be used for positioning parts. Tekla Structures displays the work plane grid in dark red color. To display the work plane grid, select Work plane from the second list box on the Snapping toolbar.

The red arrow symbol shows the xy plane. The z direction follows the right-hand rule. You can shift the work plane to any position by picking points, parallel to one of the global basic planes, or on a part or view plane. When modeling sloped parts, shifting the work plane helps you to place parts accurately.

If you cannot see the arrow symbol because the parts block the view, press Ctrl + 2 to make the parts transparent.

29.1 Set work plane parallel to a plane You can set the work plane parallel to the xy, xz, or zy directions.

LESSON 5 Work plane

To set the work plane parallel to a plane:

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1.

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Click View > Set Work Plane > Parallel to XY(Z) Plane..., or click

.

The Work plane dialog box opens.

2.

Select the Plane and enter the Depth coordinate. The depth coordinate defines the distance of the work plane from the global origin along a line that is perpendicular to the plane parallel to the third axis. The default depth coordinate value is 0.

3.

Click Change.

29.2 Set work plane using three points You can set the work plane by picking three points. The first point you pick is the origin, the second point defines the x direction, and the third point point defines the y direction of the work plane. Tekla Structures fixes the z direction according to the right-hand rule. To set a work plane using three points: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click View > Set Work Plane > Using Three Points, or click Pick the origin for the work plane. Pick a point in the positive x direction. Pick a point in the positive y direction.

.

29.3 Set work plane parallel to view plane You can use this command to set the work plane to be the same as the view plane of a selected view. To set a plane parallel to a view plane: 1. 2.

Click View > Set Work Plane > Parallel to View Plane, or click Select the view you want to modify.

.

29.4 Set work plane to top plane of a part

LESSON 5 Work plane

When a view is created, you initially work in the plane that belongs to that view. If you want to work in, for example, the roof plane that is sloping, you need to change the work plane. For example, you can set the work plane to top plane of a selected part. To set a work plane to top plane of a part:

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1. 2.

Click View > Set Work Plane > To Part Top Plane, or click Select the part.

.

29.5 Shifting the work plane You can shift the work plane to any position by picking points, parallel to one of the global basic planes, or on a part or view plane. When modeling sloped parts, shifting the work plane helps you to place parts accurately. For example, to model horizontal bracing and purlins in a sloped roof, you need to shift the work plane to the slope of the roof. To shift the work plane: 1.

Click View > Set Work Plane and select one of the commands. For more information on each command, see the corresponding menu tooltip.

2. 3.

Shift the work plane by following the instructions on the status bar. Optional: In the second list box on the Snapping toolbar, select Work plane to display the work plane grid.

30 Advanced snapping You can use advanced snapping features to control snapping accurately.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

30.1 Numeric snapping

106

Use the Enter a numeric location toolbar to enter position coordinates you want to snap to.

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To display the toolbar, initiate a command that requires you to pick positions, and then do one of the following:

• •

Start entering the coordinates using the keyboard Click Tools > Enter a Numeric Location and select an option.

See Numeric location coordinates (p. 107) for information on location coordinates.

30.2 Numeric location coordinates The following table explains the types of information you can enter in the Enter a Numeric Location toolbar.

You can enter

Description

Cartesian coordinates

The x, y, and z coordinates of a position separated by commas.

Polar coordinates

A distance, an angle on the xy plane, and an angle from the xy plane separated by angle brackets.

Example

Absolute coordinates

The coordinates based on the origin of the work plane.

Relative coordinates

The coordinates relative to the last position picked.

One value

A distance to an indicated direction.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

Angles increase in the counterclockwise direction.

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You can enter

Description

Two coordinates

If you omit the last coordinate (z) or angle, Tekla Structures assumes that the value is 0.

Three coordinates

In drawings, Tekla Structures ignores the third coordinate.

Example

30.3 Creating a temporary reference point You can create a temporary reference point to use as a local origin when snapping in models. To create a temporary reference point: Initiate a command that requires you to pick positions. For example, create a beam. Pick the start point. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick a position. A green cross indicates that this position is now a temporary reference point.

4. 5.

Repeat step 3 to create as many reference points as needed. Release the Ctrl key and pick the end point. Tekla Structures creates the object between the starting point and the end point.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

1. 2. 3.

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30.4 Locking a coordinate You can lock the x, y, and z coordinates on a line. This is useful when you need to determine a point to pick and the needed point does not exist on the line. When a coordinate is locked, you can snap to points only in that direction. To lock the x coordinate, for example, press X on the keyboard. To unlock the coordinate, press X again. Creating a beam at a certain level

1. 2.

Click Modeling > Create Concrete Part > Beam and pick the start point. Snap to the start point and press Z to lock the z direction.

3.

Pick the end point to create the beam at a locked level.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

30.5 Snapping examples Following examples show how snapping can be used.

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Creating a beam with a certain length To create a beam with a certain length: 1. 2. 3.

Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Beam. Pick a start point for the beam. Move the pointer. The dimension changes as you move the pointer. The zooming level affects the precision of snapping.

4.

When the dimension is correct, click to create the beam.

Creating a shifted beam with a certain length To create a shifted beam with a certain length: 1. 2. 3.

Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Beam. Pick the first point. Enter the length and the angle of the shifted beam relative to the workplane. Use the shortcut R and the symbol < as a separating character.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

The direction of the x axis of the workplane is always 0°.

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4.

Press Enter or click OK to create the beam.

Creating two parallel and equally long beams To create two equally long beams: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ensure that the Snap to line extensions switch Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Beam. Pick the start point for the beam. Pick the end point for the beam. The first beam is created.

5.

Snap to the start point of the first beam. You can now snap to the extension line of the first beam’s start point.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

is active.

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Pick the start point for the second beam on the extension line. Snap to the end point of the first beam. You can now snap on the extension line of the first beam end point. The snap point is parallel to the first beam, when a blue line runs through the beam.

8.

Pick the end point for the second beam on the extension line. You have created two parallel and equally long beams.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

6. 7.

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Creating a beam using a temporary reference point 1. 2. 3.

Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Beam. Hold down the Ctrl key to pick a temporary reference point as an origin. Move the pointer in the direction of the start point of the beam.

4.

Enter a distance from the temporary reference point and press Enter or click OK. The start point of the beam is picked.

5.

Move the pointer in the direction of the end point of the beam.

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LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

To create a beam using a temporary reference point:

113

6.

Pick the end point to create the beam.

Creating a beam using snap override To create a beam using snap override:

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

1. 2.

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Click Modeling > Create Steel Part > Beam. Use a temporary reference point to pick the start point of the beam at the center of the grid line.

Right-click to select an option from the pop-up menu or use the Snap Override toolbar to temporarily override the snap settings.

4.

Move the pointer in the direction of the end point of the beam.

LESSON 5 Advanced snapping

3.

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5.

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Enter the length of the beam and press Enter or click OK. The beam is created.

LESSON 6 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to use the component catalog how to create and modify components how to create component default views how to use the material catalog how to use the profile catalog

> LESSON 6

• • • • •

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31 Component catalog The component catalog contains all the components. To open the component catalog, click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F. You can browse for the components or search by using terms and keywords.

Search View folders View details View thumbnails Show / hide descriptions Create a component using the component tool you used last with its active properties. Enter the search term here.

LESSON 6

Use the list to view component groups, such as bracing connections and reinforcements.

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Component description Double-click the name to set the properties and create the component.

It is useful to view the thumbnail images in the component catalog. Most system components have a default thumbnail image, which shows you a typical situation where the component can be used.

32 Components Components are tools that you can use to automatically create parts, embeds, or reinforcements required to connect parts. You can also use components to add reinforcing bars to parts. They are linked to main parts, so, when you modify a main part, the associated component also changes. Components are divided into three sub-types:

Componen t type Connection

Detail

Modeling tool

Description

Examples

Connects two or more parts, and creates all the required objects such as cuts, fittings, parts, bolts, and welds.

Two-sided clip angle, bolted gusset.

Adds a detail or a reinforcement to a main part. A detail is only connected to one part. When you create a detail, Tekla Structures prompts you to select a part, followed by a point to locate the detail.

Stiffeners, base plates, lifting hooks

Automatically creates and assembles the parts to build a structure, but does not connect the structure to existing parts. Modeling tools can include connections and details.

Stairs, frames, towers

Symbol

Corbel connection (14)

Beam reinforcement, pad footing reinforcement

• • •

The settings of a component can be saved to a file. The settings can be used in other projects. When you modify a part, all details and connections attached to that part are updated automatically. When you copy or move objects, all associated details and components are also copied or moved.

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LESSON 6 Components

Using the components has the following advantages:

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32.1 Creating a component Use components to create a detail, a connection or a structural element in a model. To create a component: 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component), or click to open the component catalog. Click the component name in the component catalog. Follow the instructions on the status bar to select the parts or points required to create the component. If required, click the middle mouse button to end the command. Check that the component symbol is green, which indicates that the component was created successfully. Examine the component in the model to check if you need to make any changes.

32.2 Component status Tekla Structures uses different-colored component symbols to show the status of connections and details:

Color

Status

Tip

Component created successfully Green Component created, but has problems

Often occurs when bolts or holes have an edge distance less than the default value for that component.

Component creation failed

A common reason is that the up direction is not appropriate.

Yellow

For more information, see Tekla Structures Help. Red

32.3 Modifying component properties To modify a component, double-click the component symbol in the model. The component dialog box appears. This is where you modify the component properties. When you create a component you are unfamiliar with, you should use the default properties. Create the component and check it to see what needs to be modified. LESSON 6 Components

For more information on component properties, see Tekla Structures Help.

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32.4 Saving component properties You can save the modified component properties. To save the component properties: 1. 2.

In the component dialog box, enter the name of the properties in the Save as box. Click Save as. The properties file is saved in the model folder.

You can recognize the properties file by checking the file extension. For example, if you save the properties of the End plate detail (1002) component, the file extension is j1002.

32.5 Conceptual components Conceptual components are meant to be used as reference information for further fabrication detailing. Conceptual components look similar to detailed components but do not include the option to change part numbering or assembly numbering settings. Modifying part properties, such as the size of the component main part, does not automatically convert a detailed component to a conceptual one, or vice versa. For example, if you use the Engineering configuration and modify the model, detailed components do not convert back to conceptual components. The Tekla Structures configuration you have determines which components you can create:

Type Conceptual

Symb ol

Configuration

Description

Engineering

Conceptual component does not create assemblies or cast units.

Reinforced Concrete Detailing

Detailed

Full Steel Detailing

The dialog box is the same as in detailed component, but does not contain options for part and assembly positions. Detailed component contains part and assembly numbering fields and creates needed assemblies and cast units.

Precast Concrete Detailing

Converting a conceptual component to a detailed component An individual conceptual component that has been created with Engineering or Reinforced Concrete Detailing configuration can be converted to a detailed component in Full, Steel Detailing, and Precast Concrete Detailing configurations. 1. 2.

Select the component symbol. Click Detailing > Component > Convert to Detailing Component.

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LESSON 6 Components

To convert a conceptual component to a detailed component:

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32.6 Example Two examples of using a component are presented here. In the first example, a reinforcement is inserted in a pad footing. In the second example, the pad footing reinforcement is modified.

Inserting a pad footing reinforcement Use the Pad footing reinforcement (77) component for reinforcing a concrete pad footing. To insert a pad footing reinforcement: 1.

Create a pad footing. For more information, see Creating a concrete pad footing (p. 27)

2.

Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) to open the Component Catalog dialog box. Search the Pad footing reinforcement (77) component from the Component Catalog. Select Pad footing reinforcement (77) in the Component Catalog. The status bar displays instructions.

3. 4. 5.

Click the pad footing. Tekla Structures inserts the lacer and bottom reinforcement in the pad footing.

Modifying the pad footing reinforcement In this example we remove the lacer bars from the pad footing reinforcement.

LESSON 6 Components

To remove the lacer bars:

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1. 2.

is active. Ensure that the Select components switch Double-click the reinforcement component in the pad footing. The component properties dialog box opens.

3. 4. 5.

Go to the Lacer bar tab. Select No from the Lacer bar option list. Click Modify.

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The lacer bars are removed from the pad footing reinforcement.

33 Creating component default views You can create several views of a component to view it from different viewpoints. To create views of a component: Click the component symbol to select the component. To create views, right-click and select Create View > Default Views of Component from the pop-up menu. Tekla Structures creates four views: front, end, top, and perspective.

To check dimensions, such as bolt locations and edge distances, work in the Component front view and use the Measure tool.

LESSON 6 Creating component default views

1. 2.

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LESSON 6 Material catalog

34 Material catalog

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The material catalog contains information on material grades. You can open the Modify Material Catalog dialog box by clicking Modeling > Material Catalog.... Materials are displayed in a hierarchical tree grouped according to, for example, steel and concrete. Material grades are located under the materials in the tree. You can view material grade properties by clicking them in the tree.

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The Modify Material Catalog dialog box contains information on the materials on four tabs:

• • • •

The General tab The Analysis tab The Design tab The User attributes tab

Tab

Description

The General tab

The General tab has boxes for three alternative names for the material. These are usually the material names used in different countries or standards. It also contains the profile and plate density values.

The Analysis tab

The Analysis tab has information on the properties used in structural analysis. The structure is analyzed using the Finite Element Method.

The Design tab

The Design tab has information on the designspecific properties such as strengths and partial safety factors.

The User attributes tab

The User attributes tab can be used to create your own attributes for material grades.

LESSON 6 Material catalog

34.1 Adding a material grade You can add a new material grade in two alternate ways. Option 1

1.

Click Modeling > Material Catalog....

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The Modify Material Catalog dialog box opens.

Option 2

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Select a material grade that is similar to the one that you want to create. Right-click the material grade and select Copy Grade from the pop-up menu. Change the material name. Modify the material grade properties. Click OK to save the material grade and exit the dialog box. Click OK in the save confirmation dialog box to save the changes in the Material Catalog.

1.

Click Modeling > Material Catalog.... The Modify Material Catalog dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Change the material grade name in the Selected grade box. Enter the material grade properties. Click OK to save the material grade and exit the dialog box. Click OK in the save confirmation dialog box to save the changes in the Material Catalog.

34.2 Deleting a material grade You can delete material grades from the Material Catalog dialog box. To delete a material grade: 1.

Click Modeling > Material Catalog. The Modify Material Catalog dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4.

Right-click a material grade of your choice and select Delete. Click OK. Click OK again in the save confirmation dialog box.

The material grade is deleted.

35 Profile catalog

LESSON 6 Profile catalog

The profiles in the Modify Profile Catalog dialog box are displayed in a tree structure. They are grouped according to rules such as profile type (for example, I profiles) and profile sub-type (for example, HEA).

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Different icons denote profile types, rules and profiles within the tree:

Description Profile type rule. Different icons show different types. Rule Individual standard profile Individual parametric profile

LESSON 6 Profile catalog

Icon

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35.1 Adding a profile You can add profiles to the profile catalog. The simplest way to create a new profile is by modifying a copy of an existing profile. To add a profile: 1.

Click Modeling > Profiles > Profile Catalog.... The Modify Profile Catalog opens.

2. 3. 4.

Select an existing profile that matches best with the new profile. Right-click the profile. Select Copy Profile from the menu.

The copied profile name is added with COPY after its name. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Edit the profile name in the Profile name box. Enter the correct values in the Value column. Click Update and OK. Click OK in the Save confirmation dialog box.

35.2 Modifying a profile You must have the Profile Catalog open before you can start modifying profiles. To modify a profile: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click Modeling > Profiles > Profile Catalog.... Select the profile you want to modify. Modify dimensions in the Value column. Click Update and OK. Click OK in the Save confirmation dialog box.

35.3 Deleting a profile

LESSON 6 Profile catalog

To delete a profile:

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1. 2. 3. 4.

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Click Modeling > Profiles > Profile Catalog.... Select the profile you want to delete. Right-click and select Delete Profile. Click OK The profile is deleted.

5.

Click OK in the Save confirmation dialog box.

36 Parametric profiles You can use parametric profiles to model profiles that are standard in a specific environment, but do not exist in the Tekla Structures profile catalog. Parametric profiles are partly userdefinable and they have a predefined shape, but you determine their size by giving one or more parameters. Tekla Structures includes several parametric profiles, such as gutter profiles or spheres.

Parametric profiles are not polybeams. They cannot be unfolded and a flat pattern cannot be created.

User-defined profiles

Tekla Structures includes a cross section sketch editor that you can use to create and modify your own profile cross sections. The cross sections you create using the cross section sketch editor can be parametric or fixed. You can change the dimensions of parametric cross sections each time you use them in a model.

36.1 Parametric concrete profiles The profile catalog contains various parametric profiles that can be used with concrete parts. They are called RCDL, RCXX, RCL, RCDX, and RCX profiles.

LESSON 6 Parametric profiles

If these profile types are used frequently, it is useful to add them to the profile library where these shapes are also predefined.

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LESSON 6 Parametric profiles

LESSON 7 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to enter project information how to switch between single and multi-user modes how to check the model how to make inquiries about objects how to represent objects in model views how to use the phase manager

> LESSON 7

• • • • • •

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37 Entering project information When you start a project, enter project information to display the information automatically in reports and drawings. To enter the project information:

LESSON 7

1. 2. 3.

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Click File > Project Properties... to open the Project Properties dialog box. Enter the project information you want to use. All the boxes are optional. Click User-defined attributes to open the Tekla Structures Project (1) dialog box, where you can enter additional information.

The contents of the Tekla Structures Project (1) dialog box depend on the Tekla Structures environment. The default tabs and options of the dialog box are different in different Tekla Structures environments.

4. 5.

Click OK to save your changes and close the Tekla Structures Project (1) dialog box. Click OK to save your changes and close the Project Properties dialog box.

38 Switching between single-user and multi-user modes You can switch between single-user and multi-user modes by using the different options in the Open dialog box. Opening multiuser model in single-user mode

To open a multi-user model in single-user mode: 1. 2.

Click File > Open... to open the Open dialog box. Select the multi-user model. The Model type column indicates whether the model is a single-user or a multi-user model. The button with three men indicates a multi-user model.

3.

To open a single-user model in multi-user mode: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Click File > Open... to open the Open dialog box. Select the single-user model. Right-click and select Open as multi-user model from the pop-up menu. Tekla Structures prompts for the name of the server. In the Open as multi-user model dialog box, enter the server name or select it from the list, and then click OK.

39 Checking the model When the model is complete, you need to check it. There are several methods available for checking the model:

• • •

Clash checking Flying through the model Checking using reports

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LESSON 7 Switching between single-user and multi-user modes

Opening singleuser model in multi-user mode

Right-click and select Open as single-user model from the pop-up menu.

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•

Checking the views

39.1 Finding clashes in a model You can run a clash check to find parts, reinforcements, bolts, or reference model objects that collide. The following reference model file types are supported in clash checking:

• • •

IFC DWG DGN

To find clashes in a model: 1. 2.

Click Tools > Clash Check Manager. In the model, select the objects you want to include in the clash check. Alternatively, if you are using Model Organizer, select the sections and storys for which you want to run the clash check. Right-click and select Select in the Model.

Do not run the clash check for the entire model. For best results, run the clash check only for appropriate sections and storys.

3.

Click to check the objects. You can continue working during the clash check. When the clash check is complete, the status bar message changes from Clash checking in progress to Ready.

4.

To highlight a clash in the model, select a row in the list of clashes. The related model objects are selected.

If you cannot find the clashes in the model, change the representation of objects to Show Only Selected (Ctrl+5) for better visibility.

5. 6.

To zoom the active view so that the selected objects are shown in the center of the view, double-click a row. If you want to include more objects in the clash check, select the desired model objects and re-run clash check. New clashes are appended to the end of the list.

LESSON 7 Checking the model

After removing or modifying objects, you can re-run clash check to see if the clash still exists. To do this, select the desired rows in the list of clashes and re-run clash check.

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39.2 Flying through the model Use the Fly command to travel through the model. You can change the direction and vary the speed as you go.

The Fly command only works rendered views with Projection set to Perspective.

To fly through a model: 1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

Set view projection to Perspective. a Double-click the view to open the View Properties dialog box. b In the Projection list box, select Perspective. c Click Modify. Click View > Fly. Select a view. The mouse pointer changes into an arrow and a cross. The arrow indicates the current flying direction.

Drag the mouse to move around in the model. • To fly forward, move the mouse forward.

•

To change the flying direction, drag the mouse in the desired direction. The flying speed grows exponentially when you are approaching the model from a distance.

• • •

To move up or down, hold down Ctrl and drag the mouse forward or backward. To change the camera angle, scroll with the mouse wheel. To fly in the in the direction of the camera angle, hold down Shift and scroll forward or backward.

To stop flying, press Esc.

39.3 Checking using reports You can check models using reports. Reports can be lists of drawings, bolts, or parts. Reports can contain information from selected parts or the entire model. You can generate the following types of reports:

•

Bolt, nut, washer, and material lists ID lists The main feature of the ID lists is that the lines that contain profiles can be selected. As a result, the accompanying profile will be highlighted in the model. This is useful if a profile is hard to locate. User-defined attributes list A user-defined attribute list can be used to check that the correct profiles are shortened.

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LESSON 7 Checking the model

• •

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To check using reports: 1.

Click Drawings & Reports > Numbering > Number Series of Selected Objects.

2.

Click Drawings & Reports > Create Report..., or click The Report dialog box opens.

3. 4.

Select a report from the report templates Click Create from all or Create from selected button.

.

40 Inquiring the model The inquire tool displays the properties of a particular object, or a group of objects, within the model. The Inquire Object dialog box displays information relevant to the objects you select.

LESSON 7 Inquiring the model

40.1 Inquiring object properties

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Use the Inquire object command to display the properties of a particular object, or group of objects, within the model. To inquire object properties:

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1. 2.

Click Tools > Inquire > Object, or click . Select an object. The object can be, for example, a part, a bolt, a component, or a weld. The Inquire object dialog box opens. It displays the relevant information regarding the object. The information displayed depends on the selected object. The selected object and all parts of the object are highlighted.

Inquiring bolts You can use the Bolt Parts command to display parts that belong to a bolt group. With this command you can also change the parts that belong to a bolt group. To inquire parts in bolt groups: 1. 2.

Select the bolts. Right-click and select Bolt Parts from the pop-up menu. Main parts are highlighted with red and secondary parts with yellow.

40.2 Inquiring cast unit objects To inquire cast unit objects: 1. 2.

Click Tools > Inquire > Assembly Objects. Select a cast unit. The main part, that is, the part with the largest volume, is highlighted in magenta and all concrete additions are highlighted in cyan. Embeds that contain non-conrete material are highlighted in yellow and parts welded to the embeds are highlighted in yellow as well.

Displaying all objects connected to a part In some cases it is useful to see all the objects that are connected to a part, such as components, welds and fittings. You can then examine, for example, whether parts are welded correctly. 1.

Select the part.

2.

Delete the part.

3.

Click Edit > Undo, or click . The part and the accompanying objects are displayed.

LESSON 7 Inquiring the model

To display the objects connected to a part:

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40.3 Inquiring welded parts Click Tools > Inquire > Primary Welded Part to highlight the main part when you select the secondary part. Tools > Inquire > Welded Parts to highlight the selected part and

all the parts that are welded to it.

40.4 Inquiring the center of gravity You can inquire an object’s center of gravity. The object can be a part or an assembly.

When calculating the center of gravity of an object, bolts and welds are not taken into account whereas polygon cuttings, part cuttings, fittings, and line cuts are taken into account in the calculation.

To inquire the center of gravity:

LESSON 7 Inquiring the model

1. 2.

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Select an object. Click Tools > Inquire > Center of Gravity.

41 Representing objects in model views Use object representation settings to modify the color and transparency of objects in the model view. Objects are grouped by a set of rules and conditions which can be used to control how the objects are displayed. Changing the object representation settings in the Object Representation dialog box affect all model views. To set object representation settings in a model view: 1.

Click View > Representation > Object Representation.... The Object Representation dialog box opens.

2.

Load the setting you want to use. The objects are displayed according to the settings. By default, several standard settings are included, but you can also create object representation settings yourself.

3.

Click Modify and OK.

41.1 Creating object representation settings By default, several standard settings are included in the object representation, but you can also create object representation settings by yourself.

Changing the settings in the Object Representation dialog box affects all model views.

This example shows how to create a new object group where all columns will be represented in blue with 70% transparency. 1.

Click View > Representation > Object Representation.... The Object Representation dialog box opens.

2.

Click the Add row button. A second object group is added. Initially, the new object group has the same properties as the first object group.

3. 4.

In the Object group list box, select All to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button to open a drop down menu. The drop down menu contains all the default options for object groups.

5.

Select Create new group... from the list. The Object Group - Representation dialog box opens.

6. 7.

In the Category list box, select Part. In the Property list box, select Name. The part name is used for selecting columns.

8. 9.

In the Condition list box, select Equals. In the Value list box, enter COLUMN. Note that all the letters must be capitalized.

10.

In the box next to the Save as button, enter a name for the group. For example, column. You will be able to reuse the new object condition in other models.

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LESSON 7 Representing objects in model views

To create object representation settings:

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11.

Click Close. The Object Group - Representation dialog blox closes. Note that the Object Representation dialog box is still open.

12.

In the Object Representation dialog box, in the Color list box, click Color by class to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button and select blue color from the drop down menu. In the Transparency list box, click Visible list box to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button and select 70% transparent from the drop down menu. Click Modify.

13. 14. 15. 16.

41.2 Defining your own colors to model object groups You can customize the color of model objects by selecting a specific color for each object group. You can use an unlimited number of colors.

LESSON 7 Representing objects in model views

To define colors for object groups:

140

1.

Click View > Representation > Object Representation. The Object Representation dialog box is displayed.

2. 3.

Load the object representation settings that you want to change. Click Add row to add a new object group or select an existing object group from the Object Group list. Click the Color list arrow and then click Choose color.... Do one of the following: • Click a color in the Basic colors palette or in the color window.

4. 5.

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•

Click Define Custom Colors and create a color of your own: a

Click a color in the color window and then click the desired color depth on the color bar on the right, or enter RGB values.

b c

Click Add to Custom Colors. Click the color in the Custom colors palette to select it.

LESSON 7 Representing objects in model views

6. Click OK. 7. Select the desired Transparency option. 8. Click Save to save the changes. 9. Click Modify to change the representation of the objects. When you open the Object Representation dialog box the next time, the Color list shows a maximum10 colors that you last defined above the dashed line.

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42 Phase Manager Use phases to break up a model into sections. Only parts can be split into phases. Phases are often used to indicate erection sequences. You can create reports and views, hide objects, and copy objects from other models, according to their phase number.

LESSON 7 Phase Manager

Used the Phase Manager dialog box to create phases. You can open the Phase Manager dialog box from Tools > Phase Manager... or by using the shortcut Ctrl + H.

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Option

Description

The Number box

You can enter the number of the phase in the Number box.

The Name box

You can enter the name of the phase in the Name box.

The Filter button

You can use the Filter button to filter the listed phases by the number and/or criteria that has been entered in the Number and Name boxes.

The Set Current button

The Set Current button determines to which phase the object belongs. The current phase is indicated by @ character.

The Add button

The Add button can be used to create new phases.

The Delete button

The Delete button can be used to delete phases.

The Phases by objects button

The Phases by objects button can be used to determine in which phase(s) the selected object(s) belong to. If you select objects that belong to several phases, they are highlighted in the Phase Manager.

The Objects by phases button

The Objects by phases button can be used to determine which objects belong to the selected phase. The object will be highlighted in the model.

The Modify phase button

The Modify phase button can be used to change the phase for one or more objects.

42.1 Dividing the model into phases 1.

Click Tools > Phase Manager.... The Phase Manager dialog box appears.

2. 3.

Click Add to create new phases. Click Set current to make the selected phase the current phase. From now on, Tekla Structures assigns all objects you create to the current phase. The @ character in front of the phase number indicates the current phase.

4.

Divide the model into phases. a To identify the phase of an object, select an object and click Phases by objects. Tekla Structures selects the phase of the object. b

To see which objects belong to a certain phase, select a phase from the list and then click Objects by phases. Tekla Structures highlights the corresponding objects in the model.

c

To change the phase of one or more objects, select the objects, select a phase from the list, and then click Modify phase.

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LESSON 7 Phase Manager

To divide a model into phases:

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LESSON 7 Phase Manager

5.

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Click OK to save your changes.

LESSON 8 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to define custom components how to use reference models how to publish models as web pages how to open models in Model Reviewer

> LESSON 8

• • • •

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43 Custom components Tekla Structures contains lots of predefined components that can be used for creating details and connections. However, you can create your own custom components, if Tekla Structures does not contain required components. When you have created a custom component, you can use it the same way as any Tekla Structures system component.

43.1 Custom component types You can create four types of custom components:

Type

Description

Connectio n

Creates connection objects and connects secondary part(s) to a main part. Component symbol is green.

Detail

Creates detail objects and connects them to a main part at a picked location.

LESSON 8

Component symbol is green.

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Example

Type

Description

Seam

Creates seam objects and connects parts along a line picked with two points.

Example

Component symbol is green.

Part

Creates a group of objects which may contain connections and details. Gets no symbol, has same position properties as beams.

Main part Secondary part

43.2 Exploding a component Exploding components is very useful when defining custom components. Exploding ungroups the objects in an existing component. You can then remove and modify parts and other objects in the component. When you create a custom component, it is recommended to create a similar existing component and then explode it. Then you can modify the objects to suit your needs and use them in your custom component. To explode a component: 1. 2.

Click Detailing > Component > Explode Component. Select the component you want to explode. Tekla Structures ungroups the objects in the component.

43.3 Defining a custom component Before you can define a custom component, you need to create a sample component in the model containing all the necessary component objects, such as parts, fittings, and bolts.

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LESSON 8

You can define and save custom components in the component library.

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To define a custom component: 1.

Click Detailing > Component > Define Custom Component... to open the Custom Component Wizard. Select the Type and enter other properties as required. Click Next.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Select the objects that the custom component will create. Click Next. The next step depends on the Type you selected. Follow the instructions in the Custom Component Wizard. Click Finish to create the custom component. The custom component appears in the component catalog.

6.

43.4 Exporting and importing You can export custom components to a file, and then import the file into another model. Exporting

To export a custom component to a file: 1.

Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F to open the component catalog. Select Custom from the list to display all the custom components. Right-click the custom component and select Export... from the pop-up menu. The Export components dialog box opens.

2. 3.

Importing

4.

Enter the name for the file and select the folder where the file is saved in. By default, the file extension is .uel.

5.

Click OK to export the file.

To import a custom component: 1.

Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F to open the component catalog. Right-click the component list and select Import... from the pop-up menu. The Import Components dialog box opens.

2. 3.

Browse for the file you want to import, select the file and click OK. The custom component is available in the component catalog.

44 Reference models A reference model is a file which helps you to build a Tekla Structures model. A reference model is created in Tekla Structures or another software or modeling tool and imported to Tekla Structures.

LESSON 8 Reference models

For example, an architectural model, a plant design model, or a heating, ventilating and airconditioning (HVAC) model can be used as a reference model. Reference models can also be simple 2D drawings that are imported and then used as a layout to directly build the model on.

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The following file types are supported:

• •

AutoCAD (*.dxf) AutoCAD (*.dwg)

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• • • • • •

MicroStation (*.dgn, *.prp) Cadmatic models (*.3dd) IFC files (*.IFC) IGES files (*.igs, *.iges) STEP files (*.stp, *.STEP) Tekla WebViewer XML files (*.xml)

You can snap to reference model geometry. Tekla Structures loads the reference model from the file each time you open your model. It does not save the reference model when you save the current model. The filename extension of a saved reference model properties file is *.rop.

44.1 Inserting a reference model To insert a reference model in a Tekla Structures model: Click File > Insert Reference Model..., or click The Reference Model Properties dialog box opens.

.

2. 3.

Click Browse... next to the File name box to browse for the reference model file. Set the scale of the reference model, if it is different from the one in the Tekla Structures (for example, if it uses different measurement units). Set the scale for a DWG or a DXF file already in AutoCAD. When you define the measurement unit for a DWG or a DXF file and save the file in AutoCAD, the unit is recognized in Tekla Structures and the reference model is scaled correctly.

4. 5.

Click OK. Pick the position for the reference model origin.

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LESSON 8 Reference models

1.

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Tekla Structures inserts the reference model.

44.2 Hiding a reference model To hide a reference model: 1. 2. 3.

Click File > Reference Model List... to open the Reference Models dialog box. Select a reference model from the list. Select Hidden from the Visibility list box.

44.3 Updating a reference model You can update the reference models in your Tekla Structures model if there have been changes in the original reference models after you have imported them to Tekla Structures. To update a reference model: Double-click a reference model. In the Reference Model Properties dialog box, browse for the modified file by clicking the Browse... button next to the File name field.

3. 4.

In the Import dialog box, select the updated file and click OK. Click Modify.

LESSON 8 Reference models

1. 2.

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You can also update all the reference models in one go. To update all reference models: 1. 2.

Click File > Reference Model List... to open the Reference Models dialog box. Click Reload All. Tekla Structures goes through all the reference models and regenerates the reference models that have a newer modified date than the one already in the cache.

However, this is not the recommended way to update reference models since it is time-consuming and affects the system performance.

44.4 Detecting changes in reference models Reference models are often updated, but the changes are rarely documented. You can see the changes between an old and new reference model by using commands in the Reference Object Properties dialog box. You can detect changes in reference models that are of the following file formats:

• • • •

IFC (.ifc) Cadmatic (.3dd) WebViewer (.xml) DWG (.dwg)

To detect changes in a reference model: 1.

Select the reference model and double-click it to display the Reference Object Properties dialog box.

2.

Browse for the name of the old file by clicking the Browse... button next to the Old file name box.

Select an option in the Show list in the Change detection section. For example, select Changed to see the changed objects in a reference model.

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4.

Click Display.... Tekla Structures highlights the changed reference model objects.

Example The following example shows how the changes are displayed in the reference model: The old file:

LESSON 8 Reference models

The new file:

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The Show option has been set to Changed in the Reference Object Properties dialog box:

44.5 Handling large reference models These are some tips for speeding up large reference models:

• •

Large, highly-detailed reference models contain lots of snap points. To speed up snapping, activate only the snap switches you need. Split large reference models into smaller ones and display only the parts you need in the model.

Tekla Structures enables you to record a series of actions from menu, dialog boxes, and shortcuts.

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LESSON 8 Recording a macro

45 Recording a macro

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To record a macro: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Click Tools > Macros... to open the Macros dialog box. Enter a Macro name. Click Record. Perform the actions you want to record. Click Stop to stop recording.

Macros are saved as *.cs files, in the folder defined with the advanced option XS_MACRO_DIRECTORY in the environment-specific initialization files.

The recorded macro is saved in the drawings or modeling folders, depending on in which mode the macro was recorded in.

45.1 Running a macro To run a macro: 1. 2.

Click Tools > Macros... to open the Macros dialog box. Select the macro and click Run.

45.2 Editing a macro To view or edit a macro: 1. 2. 3. 4.

First check that the file type .cs is associated with suitable text editor. Click Tools > Macros... to open the Macros dialog box. Select the macro and click Edit. The macro opens in the associated text editor.

LESSON 8 Recording a macro

Macros are based on C# commands and in case you want to edit macros, knowledge of C# programming is needed.

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46 WebViewer You can publish your Tekla Structures models as web pages that can be viewed via the Internet using a web browser. The WebViewer files can also be used as reference models.

46.1 Publishing a model as a web page 1.

Click File > Publish as Web Page... to open the Publish as Web Page dialog box.

2. 3. 4.

If you want to publish a web page of selected parts, select Selected parts. Change the page title if required. In the File name box, enter the destination path and file name for the published model. By default, Tekla Structures creates a PublicWeb folder with sub-folders in the current model folder, and places the published model there.

5.

Click Publish. If you select the Open in browser check box, the model opens in your web browser.

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LESSON 8 WebViewer

To publish a model as a web page:

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47 Tekla Structures Model Reviewer Tekla Structures Model Reviewer is a free and improved tool based on the Tekla Structures Web Viewer. Model Reviewer includes excellent model navigation and mark up functionality. With it you can:

• • • • • • •

Easily pan, rotate, zoom, and fly through the model See important part information Fly through a set of saved locations in the model to present it to the project team Use clip planes to slice through walls and crowded areas of the model Email models easily to other parties Create and manage markups (redlines) of specific areas in the model Visually track project statuses with different colors in the model

You can use the Model Reviewer tool to improve project communication. In Tekla Structures, you can publish a model in .wrm, .xml or .zsol format. You can then send the published model to other project participants. After installing the tool, those involved in the project can open the model and add comments to it. You can download and install Model Reviewer from Tekla’s website. Go to http:// www.tekla.com/international/solutions/building-construction/Pages/web-models-modelreviewer.aspx and click the Free Download link. To learn more, watch the introductory video on the download page.

47.1 Opening a model in Model Reviewer To open a model in Model Reviewer: 1.

Click Windows Start > All Programs > Tekla Structures > Tekla Structures Model Reviewer.

2.

Browse for a published model file. Supported file formats are: .wmr, .xml, and .zsol.

LESSON 8 Tekla Structures Model Reviewer

When you save the model and the markups in Model Reviewer, the file is saved in .wmr format.

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LESSON 9 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to use reinforcements

> LESSON 9

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48 Reinforcements You can add reinforcements to concrete parts to strengthen the parts. The Concrete toolbar contains three commands used for reinforcement:

Reinforcing bar Reinforcing bar group Reinforcement mesh

48.1 Reinforcing bar group A reinforcing bar group includes several identical, or very similar, reinforcing bars. Tekla Structures creates reinforcing bar groups using the properties in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The file name extension of a saved reinforcing bar group file is .rbg.

Reinforcing bar group types

LESSON 9

Tekla Structures has several reinforcing bar group types:

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Type

Description

Normal

Not tapered

Tapered

One bar dimension changes linearly in the group.

Tapered ridge

One bar dimension changes linearly. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group.

Tapered curved

One bar dimension changes along a curve. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group.

Tapered N

One bar dimension changes linearly between N ridges. Enter the number of ridges in the Number of cross sections box in the Group tab of the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.

Spiral

The reinforcing bars rise in a polygonal or circular shape along the longitudinal axis of the part.

You can use the Group tab in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box for selecting and modifying the reinforcing group types.

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Creating a reinforcing bar group To create a reinforcing bar group: 1.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar Group..., or doublebutton. click the Create reinforcing bar group The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4.

Enter or modify the bar group properties. Click OK to save the properties. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the reinforcing bar group to the part.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Pick the reinforcing bar start point. Pick the other reinforcing bar reference point. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. Pick the start point of the bar group. Pick the end point of the bar group.

Distribution area

The selection order of the handles, which determines the cover area, is important when the bars are placed. The bars are placed on the right side of a line that is defined by the two selected handles.

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LESSON 9

In addition to the shape of the reinforcing bars, you need to define the distribution area of the reinforcing bars. The distribution area points can be positioned on the outer contour of the concrete part. Usually, the distribution area is perpendicular to the plane so the cover thickness on the sides can be defined in the From plane box in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.

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The example shows the placing of the handles for the top and bottom reinforcements in a beam:

First handle Plane The example on right shows the reinforcing bars outside the concrete. You can prevent this by entering a negative value in the On plane box in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The General tab in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box contains the same options for both a single reinforcing bar and a reinforcing bar group. However, the Group tab contains additional options for defining the properties of a reinforcing bar group. If you open the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box for a single reinforcing bar, the Group tab is disabled.

Distribution of bars You can define the way the bars are distributed over the cover area by selecting the Creation method list.

The creation method options are: Equal distribution by number of reinforcing bars: This option is used for main reinforcement bars in beams. The spacing of the bars is based on the number of the bars. The spacing is the available distance divided by the number of the bars. The available distance is cover area minus two times the value in the On plane box.

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Available distance Value in the On plane box

•

Equal distribution by target spacing value: You can enter a spacing value. Tekla Structures aims the spacing value as closely as possible at the user-defined spacing value. The spacing value is set to 150. The available distance for the bars is 1150 mm. This makes 1150/150 = 7,6 bars. The value will be rounded to 8. 1150/8 = 143.75. The calculated spacing value of the bars is 143.75 mm.

•

By exact spacing value with flexible first/last/middle space: Creates fixed, regular spaces between the bars. One space adjusts to even out the bar distribution. You can choose whether the adjusted space is the first, last, or the middle space. By exact spacing value with flexible first and last space:Tekla Structures calculates the number of bars and places with the defined spacing. The remaining spacing value is divided equally to the first and last bar spacing. By exact spacing: You can enter every spacing value manually. Use the multiplication character to repeat spacings, for example, 5*200 to create five spaces of 200.

•

Equally distributed reinforcing bars Exact spacing with flexible first space Exact spacing with flexible first and last space Exact spacing

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Omitting reinforcing bars You have the following options for omitting reinforcing bars:

• • • •

None First Last First and last

The following example displays two reinforcing bar groups that have been added to a concrete beam.

Two reinforcing bar groups with flexible end and/or start value. The last and first bar omitted

48.2 Reinforcing bar You can create a single reinforcing bar with the Create Reinforcing Bar command. A reinforcing bar can be a straight bar, but also a hair pin, a former, or a bracket. Any shape with random dimensions can be modeled.

Creating a reinforcing bar To create a reinforcing bar: 1.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar... or double-click the

LESSON 9

Create Reinforcing Bar button. The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens.

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Make the necessary modifications in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. You can set the series and start numbers for the reinforcing bars. In addition, you can enter values for Size (diameter), Grade, and Bending radius.

3.

Select the reinforcing bar color by entering the color number in the Class box. We recommend you use this feature, because the 3D view will be clearer if all reinforcing bars are the same color.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Define a hook or a splice for the reinforcing bar. Modify the values displayed in the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box. Define the reinforcing bar cover thickness. Click OK. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the reinforcing bar to the part.

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LESSON 9

2.

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9. 10. 11.

Pick the start point for the reinforcing bar. Pick the other reinforcing bar reference points. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.

Defining a hook for a reinforcing bar You can define a hook or a splice for the reinforcing bar under the Hooks area in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. To define a hook or a splice: Double-click the Create Reinforcing Bar button. The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens. The Hooks area of the dialog box can be used for defining hooks and splices.

2.

Select a hook type from the Shape lists. A hook does not have to be modeled. It is added to the reinforcing bar automatically. If a standard hook is selected, the Angle, Radius, and Length boxes are not active. These values are read from the rebar_database.inp file. If a Custom hook selected, you can define the values.

3.

Define the values for the custom hook a Enter a value between -180 and +180 degrees in the Angle box. b Enter the internal bending radius of the hook in the Radius box. c Enter the length of the straight part in the hook to the Length box.

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Defining the reinforcing bar cover thickness Reinforcing bars need a concrete cover to protect them against harmful elements, such as the weather and fire. To define the concrete cover thickness for a reinforcing bar or reinforcing bar group: 1.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement, and select either Reinforcing Bar... or Reinforcing Bar Group.... Alternatively, you can double-click the Create Reinforcing Bar Reinforcing Bar Group

or the

button.

The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens. 2.

Define the reinforcing bar cover thickness in the Cover thickness area of the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.

The cover thickness can be defined in three directions:

• • •

On plane, that is, the distance from beam’s bottom, top, and side surfaces to the bar. From plane, that is, the distance from the end surface of the beam to the bar. In the longitudinal direction of the bar, that is, start and end.

To define different cover thicknesses on the different legs of a reinforcing bar, enter a thickness value for each leg in the On plane field, in the order you pick points to create the bar. Click OK. LESSON 9

3.

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First and last handle From plane

Modifying reinforcing bars To modify reinforcing bars: 1.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar..., or double-click the Create Reinforcing Bar button. The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens.

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2.

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Click the Select button in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box opens.

3.

Select the bar size for the chosen grade. You can also define whether the bar is a main bar or a stirrup or tie. You can modify the values displayed in the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box in rebar_database.inp file. The file is located in ..\Tekla Structures\\environments\\profil folder. You can edit the file with any standard text editor. For steel grades, every diameter is listed twice in the file: once as main and once as tie/ stirrup. The column Min bend radius contains the bending mandrel that is used if the bar is bended in the model. If a bar is bended with an angle of 90, 135, or 180 degrees, the column r contains the accompanying mandrels. If you change the values in the Size column, you can change the diameter of the reinforcing bar. The mandrel will keep its original diameter.

4. 5.

Click OK to close the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box. Click OK to close the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.

Next time you open Reinforcing Bar Properties, the active settings are used. If you have stored several sets of properties, you need to select an option from the list next to the Load button and load the appropriate set of properties.

48.3 Curved reinforcing bar group

LESSON 9

Curved reinforcing bar groups are created using the same reinforcing properties as the straight bar groups. The only difference is that you need to pick three points instead of two to define the reinforcing bar shape. After defining the shape, do not click the middle-mouse button but continue to define the distribution area.

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If the concrete part is created using multiple points and with the intention to create a curved part by changing the chamfer properties, then it is recommended to create snap points to create the curved reinforcing bars. Always place the curved reinforcing bars using the working points of the concrete part and set the On plane option to the correct position.

48.4 Creating a circular reinforcing bar group To create a circular reinforcing bar group: 1. 2. 3.

Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Circular Reinforcing Bar Group. Select the part to reinforce. Pick three points on the outer countour of the concrete part.

The radius is automatically calculated from these three points. 4.

Pick two points to indicate the distribution direction of the bars. The circular reinforcing bar group is created.

5.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar.... The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens.

LESSON 9

To define the splice length of the round stirrups, enter negative values in the Start and End boxes.

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6.

Click OK.

48.5 Creating a reinforcement mesh You can create a reinforcement mesh that consists of two perpendicular bar groups. To create a reinforcement mesh: 1.

Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcement Mesh..., or doublebutton. click the Create reinforcement mesh The Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box opens. It can be used to set the length, width, diameter, mesh size, and cover area of the reinforcement mesh. Click the Select button. The Select Mesh dialog box opens.

LESSON 9

2.

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You can select various meshes in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box. The standard mesh properties are in defined in the mesh_database_inp file located in the ..\Tekla Structures\\environments\\profil folder.

48.6 Creating a reinforcement splice You can join reinforcing bars or reinforcing bar groups together with reinforcement splices. The blue splice symbols indicate reinforcement splices in the models:

To create a reinforcement splice:

LESSON 9

1. 2. 3. 4.

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Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice. Select the first reinforcing bar or bar group. Select the second reinforcing bar or bar group. Optional: Modify the splice properties. a Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice.... The Reinforcement Splice Properties dialog box opens.

b c Moving a splice

Modify the splice properties. Click Modify.

If needed, you can move the splice along reinforcing bars. To move the splice: 1. 2. 3.

Select the splice symbol. Right-click and select Move. Pick an origin and a destination point for the splice.

48.7 Attaching reinforcing bars to another part When you model reinforcing bars, you need to select a part to which the bars are attached. However, a modeled reinforcing bar may need to be attached to another part at a later stage. To attach a reinforcing bar to another part: Select the reinforcing bar you want to attach. Right-click and select Attach to part from the pop-up menu. Select the part to which you want to attach the reinforcement.

LESSON 9

1. 2. 3.

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49 Custom reinforcement component example You can create two reinforcing bar groups to place staggered stirrups with hooks at opposite edges in a concrete column. Then define a custom component of the reinforcement.

49.1 Creating a reinforcement for a column To create a reinforcement for a column: Create a concrete column that is 3000 millimeters high. For more information, see Creating a concrete column (p. 26).

2.

Hold down the Shift key and click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar Group. The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens.

3.

Modify the properties on the General tab as shown below.

LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example

1.

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Go to the Group tab. Modify the properties on the Group tab as shown below. LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example

4. 5.

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Click Apply. Select the column. Pick the corners of the column to define the shape of the reinforcement. Follow the sequence shown below. Click the middle mouse button to finish.

9.

Pick the top and bottom levels to define the range of the reinforcement. Click the middle mouse button to create the first reinforcing bar group.

LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example

6. 7. 8.

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Modify the properties under the Cover thickness area in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box as shown below.

11. 12. 13.

Click Apply. Select the column. Pick the corners of the column to define the shape of the reinforcement. Follow the sequence shown below. Click the middle mouse button to finish.

14.

Pick the top and bottom levels to define the range of the reinforcement. Click the middle mouse button to create the second reinforcing bar group.

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LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example

10.

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49.2 Defining a custom reinforcement component To define a custom reinforcement component: 1.

Click Detailing > Component > Define Custom Component. The Custom Component Wizard dialog box opens.

2. 3. 4.

Select Detail from the Type list. Enter a name and a short description for the component. Click Next. Hold down the Ctrl key and select the two reinforcing bar groups as the component objects. Click Next. Select the column as the main part. Click Next. Pick the end point at the top level of the column as the reference point. Click Finish to create the custom component. The custom component only works correctly for columns with the same profile and height.

LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example

5. 6. 7.

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For more information on custom components, see Custom components (p. 146).

50 Reinforcement tips Adding reinforcements to identical cast units is not always necessary. For example, if there are 20 cast units in a model, you can add reinforcements to all twenty cast units. In some cases, it is possible to reinforce just one cast unit. Advantages of reinforcing just one cast unit:

• • • • • •

The model is better organized because it contains less reinforcements. The database is smaller because the model contains less reinforcements. Less chance on numbering differences because there are less reinforcements. Numbering of the model is faster. Copying reinforcements and using custom components is not needed. Applying model changes is quick. There is no need to modify multiple reinforcements.

Disadvantages of reinforcing just one cast unit:

• •

Incorrect reinforcement weight. Elements that have identical shapes but different reinforcements receive identical cast unit numbers.

LESSON 9 Reinforcement tips

You can create cast unit drawings of the reinforced cast units. If the drawing has already been created and the reinforcements need to be added in at a later stage, you can find the ID number of the cast unit by using the Inqure Object command and add the reinforcing bars in the particular cast unit.

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51 Reinforcement components Tekla Structures contains various reinforcing components that you can use to create reinforcing bars and bar groups.

51.1 Adding a reinforcement component To add a reinforcement component: 1. 2.

Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... Click the arrow button and select Reinforcements from the list. The reinforcement components are displayed in the Component Catalog.

3.

Double-click a component. The properties dialog box opens.

4. 5.

Define the properties and click OK. Select the part that you want to reinforce.

51.2 Reinforcement component examples

LESSON 9 Reinforcement components

Beam reinforcement (63)

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The Beam reinforcement (63) component creates the stirrups and the top, bottom, and side reinforcements in one go. If the size of the beam changes, the reinforcement adapts to the new dimensions.

For the main reinforcement (top and bottom), the number and diameter of bars can be set individually. For T profiles or beams with a ridge, multiple stirrup groups can be generated. The cover thickness for the stirrups needs to be defined in the properties dialog box. The positioning of the bars in longitudinal direction is automatically determined by the component.

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The stirrup distances can be defined on the Stirrup spacing tab. You can add more stirrups on places where bigger shear forces occur. You can set the number of stirrups and stirrup distances for the different zones. It is possible to create different stirrups in two ledges. To do so, select Different Each Ledge from the Ledge stirrups list to activate the Upper ledge stirrups boxes. The Ledge Stirrup Spacing Type list contains two options to define the spacing of ledge stirrups:

•

Target: Tekla Structures creates equal spaces between the bars aiming the spacing value as closely as possible to the value you specify. This is the default option. Exact: The first and last space of a zone adjust themselves to even out bar distribution. The spaces in the middle of each zone are exactly the size you specify.

LESSON 9 Reinforcement components

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The Rebar in beam (90) component is a versatile component that is used to add reinforcement bars to a beam. Besides all the options that are available with the Beam reinforcement (63) component, the Rebar in beam (90) can also bend the bars at the start or end part of the beam.

LESSON 9 Reinforcement components

Rebar in beam (90)

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LESSON 9 Reinforcement components

Starter bars for pillar (86) and Slab bars (18)

Starter bars for pillar (86) Slab bars (18) Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84), Beam end reinforcement (79), and Rectangular column reinforcement (83)

Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84) Beam end reinforcement (79)

LESSON 9 Reinforcement components

Rectangular column reinforcement (83)

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LESSON 10 In this lesson, you will use some of the modeling skills you have just learned to create a building. You will also reinforce the building both manually and by using select components. 1.

Modeling athe building: a Create the grids b Create the foundation elements c Create the concrete frame elements d Create the additional elements e Create the steel frame elements f Create the reinforced concrete to steel interface

2.

Reinforcing the building: Create the reinforcements manually Create the reinforcements using components

> LESSON 10

a b

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52 Modeling the building

52.1 Create the grids Create the grid

LESSON 10

Create the following grid:

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See also

Creating a grid (p. 18)

Create the grid line

LESSON 10

Create a single grid line between the grid lines B and C as shown below.

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See also

Adding a grid line to an existing grid (p. 20)

Create the grid views Create grid views to make it easier to model the building. See also

Creating plane views along grid lines (p. 22)

52.2 Create the foundation elements Create the pad footings

LESSON 10

Create four pad footings according to the following pictures.

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See also

Creating a concrete pad footing (p. 27)

LESSON 10

Create the strip footings Create strip footings according to the following pictures.

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LESSON 10

Position the strip footings and then fit them to the pad footings. You can use the Fitting (13) component.

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See also

Creating a concrete strip footing (p. 27)

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Component catalog (p. 118)

52.3 Create the concrete frame elements Create the concrete columns Create nine concrete columns according to the following pictures.

LESSON 10

Columns at B/2, B/3, C/1 and C/3

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LESSON 10

Columns at B/4 and C/4

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LESSON 10

Columns at B/5, B.5/5 and C/5

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See also

Creating a concrete column (p. 26)

Create the concrete panels

LESSON 10

Create concrete panels according to the following pictures.

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LESSON 10

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Use the Fit Part End command to fit the panel ends to columns.

To make a curved panel, use the options in the Bending tab in the part properties dialog box. See the picture below.

LESSON 10

Curved panel

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Create panels also at the second level.

LESSON 10

Panels at second level

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See also

Creating a concrete panel (p. 27) Creating a fitting (p. 73) Creating curved parts (p. 43)

Create the concrete beams Primary concrete beams

Create primary conrete beams according to the following picture.

Create the diagonal beams so that the reference points of the beams are at the midpoints of the part edges.

Create secondary conrete beams according to the following picture.

LESSON 10

Secondary conrete beams

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LESSON 10

First, create a beam and apply fitting to the beam. Then copy the beam.

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The fittings are not copied to the skewed intersections. In the case of the diagonal beams, move the reference point of the secondary beam to the center line of the diagonal primary beam. Then apply the fitting.

See also

Creating a concrete beam (p. 26)

52.4 Create the additional elements Create the mat foundation

LESSON 10

Create a mat foundation according to the following pictures.

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LESSON 10

Use temporary reference points when you pick the corners for the mat foundation.

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See also

Creating a concrete slab (p. 28)

Create the concrete slabs Create concrete slabs on two levels according to the following pictures. Create concrete slabs on top of the mat foundation.

LESSON 10

Slabs at first level

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To add the curve to the slab by the curved panel, create a round chamfer on the slab edge.

LESSON 10

Curved slab edge

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To make the two slabs sloping, modify the thickness of the three slab corners at the grid intersections B/2 and B/3. See the pictures below.

LESSON 10

Sloping slabs

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Slabs at second level

Create two concrete slabs at the second level so that the top levels of the slabs and the beams are the same.

Cut the slabs so that they do not clash with the columns and panels.

See also

Creating a concrete slab (p. 28) Corner chamfers (p. 46)

Create the openings Create openings on floors and walls according to the following pictures.

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

LESSON 10

Cutting parts with another part (p. 74)

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Create one opening on the first level.

Floor access openings on the second level

Create two openings on the second level.

LESSON 10

Floor access opening on the first level

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Create one doorway on the panel B/1-C/1.

LESSON 10

Doorway

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Create a separate front view of the panel and move the work plane to the view plane to cut the door opening more easily.

See also

Cutting parts with a polygon (p. 76) Adding recesses to concrete parts (p. 44)

Create the piles and the pilecaps

LESSON 10

Use the CIP_FO_003 component to create piles and pilecaps at each of the grid intersection under the mat foundation. Use the component properties shown below.

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The component is available in the Finland environment. When you have installed the environment, go to the ..\TeklaStructures\\environments\finlan d\component_sketches folder and unzip the ConcreteComponents.zip file. Then import the CIP_components.uel file to your component catalog.

To achieve the result shown above, move the component downwards by the thickness of the slab.

See also

Component catalog (p. 118) Exporting and importing (p. 148)

52.5 Create the steel frame elements Create the steel columns LESSON 10

Create six steel columns according to the following pictures.

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LESSON 10

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Create all the steel columns at the same level.

See also

Creating a steel column (p. 55)

Create the steel beams

LESSON 10

Create steel beams at two levels.

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Create the beams at level +7600 according to the following picture.

LESSON 10

Beams at level +7600

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Create the beams at level +10500 according to the following picture.

LESSON 10

Beams at level +10500

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See also

Creating a steel beam (p. 55)

52.6 Create the reinforced concrete to steel interface Create the base plates and the anchor bolts Create base plates and anchor bolts to connect steel columns to concrete panels and columns. Use the U.S. Base plate (1047) component with the properties provided below. Enter the plate dimensions shown below.

LESSON 10

The Parts tab

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The Anchor rods tab

Select Anchor rods from the Base plate with list. Select the anchor rod type shown below.

Base plate with anchor rods

See also

Component catalog (p. 118)

Create the cast-in-plate connections

LESSON 10

Connect steel beams to concrete panels using the Cast-in-plate (1069) component.

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Component catalog (p. 118)

LESSON 10

See also

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53 Reinforcing the building

53.1 Create reinforcements manually Create the reinforcing bars Create a reinforcing bar in the corner of one of the columns so that the cover thickness is 100 mm on both sides. LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

Creating the reinforcing bar

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Copy the reinforcing bar using the Copy Special > Rotate option to create additional reinforcing bars in each corner.

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

Copying the reinforcing bar

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See also

Creating a reinforcing bar (p. 162) Copying and rotating (p. 64)

Create the reinforcing bar group

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

Create a reinforcing bar group according to the following pictures.

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LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

Follow the instructions on the status bar when you create the reinforcing bar group.

See also

Reinforcing bar group (p. 158) Creating a reinforcing bar group (p. 159)

Reinforce the curved wall Reinforce the curved wall according to the following picture.

See also

Curved reinforcing bar group (p. 167)

Reinforce the pad footings Reinforce the pad footings using the Pad footing reinforcement (77) component.

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

53.2 Create reinforcements using components

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See also

Inserting a pad footing reinforcement (p. 122)

Reinforce the strip footings Reinforce the strip footings using the Strip footing reinforcement (75) component. See the following picture for guidance.

Reinforce pilecaps Reinforce the pilecaps using the Pilecap reinforcement (76) component. See the following picture for guidance.

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

To be able to pick the pilecap and the two piles needed to create the pile cap reinforcement, you need to activate the Select objects in components switch. See the help file for more information.

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Create the starter bars Create starter bars using the Starter bars for pillar (86) component. Use the following picture for guidance.

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

You have to pick both the footing and the column.

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Reinforce the rectangular columns Reinforce the rectangular columns using the Rectangular column reinforcement (83) component. See the following picture for more guidance.

Create the reinforcement mesh

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

Create a reinforcement mesh in the wall with the opening by using the Slab bars (18) component.

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Reinforce the openings in the slabs and the wall Reinforce openings in slabs and walls by using the Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84) component.

• •

Create construction lines to aid in locating the midpoint of the opening. The dialog box in the picture below shows how to add the dimensions of the opening. To add the diagonal reinforcing bars, modify the properties in the Diagonal bars tab.

LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

•

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LESSON 10 Reinforcing the building

LESSON 11 This lesson contains reference material that you can use when needed.

LESSON 11

>

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54 Concrete components 54.1 Concrete foundation (1030)

footing with two posts

column and starter bars

54.2 Create hole around part (92)

LESSON 11

column penetrates floor

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54.3 Border rebar (93)

default beam

default panel

border reinforcing bars

LESSON 11

default floor

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54.4 Inbedded (1008)

lifting and bolt anchors

LESSON 11

socket rectangle and tubes

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anchor bars

several anchors

define rabbet

several openings

adding insulation

braced girders

LESSON 11

54.5 Opening in wall (40)

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54.6 Braced girders (88 and 89)

floor

panel

plate

LESSON 11

geometry

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54.7 Rebar in beam (90)

beam

column and anchor bars

ledge beam sloped angles

stirrup extension

LESSON 11

reinforcement along the main axis

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54.8 Border rebar (92)

default beam default panel

default plate

pins on top

54.9 Longitudinal reinforcement (70)

LESSON 11

default longitudinal reinforcement

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pins

54.10 Beam reinforcement (63)

RCL profile default reinforcement in beam

54.11 Pad footing reinforcement (77)

default footing plate and lacer bars

beam end

LESSON 11

54.12 Beam end reinforcement (79)

teeth

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54.13 Lifting anchor (80)

default

lifting anchor and trenching

54.14 Round column reinforcement (82)

round column reinforcement and pins

round column reinforcement

LESSON 11

54.15 Rectangular column reinforcement (83)

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reinforcement

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

reinforcement and pins

54.16 Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84)

panel and reinforcement

floor and reinforcement

54.17 Hole creation and reinforcement (85)

hole and reinforcement in beam

hole and reinforcement

footing plate

pins and border reinforcing bars

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

LESSON 11

54.18 Starter bars for pillar (86)

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54.19 Starter bars for footing (87)

default footing plate pins and starter reinforcing bars

54.20 Slab bars (18)

default bottom and top bars

bars in a set direction

54.21 Reinforcement mesh array in area (89)

LESSON 11

reinforcement direction

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default mesh

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54.22 Stairwells and elevation shafts (90)

default

55 Steel components

LESSON 11 Steel components

55.1 End plate (144)

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LESSON 11 Steel components

55.2 Cranked beam (41)

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55.3 Haunch (40)

55.4 Joining plates (14)

55.5 Base plate (1004)

LESSON 11 Steel components

This component includes an option to create one or more filler plates.

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55.6 Stiffened base plate (1014)

LESSON 11 Steel components

With the standard setting, a base plate is created with a leveling plate including grout holes. A plain base plate is also an option (leveling plate t=0) with or with-out grout holes. Additional stiffeners can also be added.

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55.7 Stiffeners (1003)

55.8 Stub (1011)

LESSON 11 Steel components

Use the bolt delete option to determine which holes are deleted from the stub.

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

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LESSON 11 Steel components

55.9 End plate detail (1002)

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55.10 Stanchion weld (85)

LESSON 11 Steel components

55.11 Manlock column (1032)

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55.12 Manlock beam (1033)

55.13 Array of objects (29)

LESSON 11 Steel components

This component can be used to copy model objects.

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one truss

copied

LESSON 11 Steel components

If you modify the original objects, for example, a column, Tekla Structures changes the copied objects as well.

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

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LESSON 11 Steel components

LESSON 12 In this lesson, you will learn the following things: how to use Tekla Structures Help how to save your favorite Help topics

> LESSON 12

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56 Using Tekla Structures Help Tekla Structures Help is a detailed guide to Tekla Structures concepts, tools, commands, and features, with plenty of examples.

56.1 Opening Tekla Structures Help To open Help, do one of the following:

• •

Click Help > Tekla Structures Help. Press F1. If you have a dialog box open, pressing F1 takes you straight to the related topic.

If you want to quickly learn how to use Help and its seach functionalities efficiently, watch the Using Help video tutorial on the Help homepage.

56.2 Browsing Help topics by subject LESSON 12

Use the Contents tab to browse through Help topics using a hierarchical list of topics.

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To browse Help topics by subject:

TEKLA STRUCTURES 17

1. 2.

Go to the Contents tab. Click a Help topic to open it, or double-click a closed book icon to display the subtopics.

3.

Use the red arrow buttons to move to the next or previous topic.

To open or close all books on the Contents tab, right-click one of the topics and select Open all or Close all from the pop-up menu.

56.3 Finding Help topics using the index Use the Index tab to search for Help topics using an alphabetical list of keywords. To find a Help topic using the index: 1. 2. 3.

Go to the Index tab. Enter a keyword, or scroll through the list of keywords. Double-click a title to display that topic, or click a topic title and then click Display. If a keyword is associated with more than one topic, a list of topics appears and you are prompted to select one of them.

56.4 Searching for Help topics Use the Search tab to find Help topics based on search terms. You can refine your search using wildcard characters, search operators, nested search terms, and search filters. To search for a Help topic: 1. 2. 3.

Go to the Search tab. Enter the words to search for. Click List Topics to start the search. A list of results appears.

4.

Double-click a title to display that topic, or click a topic title and then click Display. If you want to find an exact phrase, or if the search term contains special characters, enclose the phrase in double quotation marks. For example, "bolt catalog" or "objects.inp".

Viewing the search results LESSON 12

To view and sort the search results, do any of the following:

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To

Do this

Display the search results in alphabetical order

Click the Title column heading.

Display the location of a topic in the hierarchical list of topics

Click Locate on the Help toolbar.

Find a specific word or phrase in the open topic

Click the topic and press Ctrl + F.

Move forward and backward through previously viewed topics

Click Forward or Back on the Help toolbar.

Show or hide the navigation pane

Click Show or Hide on the Help toolbar.

Disable the highlighting of search terms in the search results

Click Options > Search Highlight Off.

Return to the Help cover page

Click Home on the Help toolbar.

Using search filters Use any of the following search filters to narrow or broaden your search results:

Search filter

Description

Search previous results

Narrows down the search results. The next search will be performed within the topics that were found in the previous search.

Match similar words

Includes topics that contain words similar to your search term. For example, also the plural form of the word is included in the search.

Search titles only

Searches for words only in topic titles. If the search term appears only in the body of a topic, it is not included in the search results.

To enable or disable a search filter, select or clear the corresponding check box on the Search tab.

56.5 Saving favorite Help topics Use the Favorites tab to save Help topics that you might want to visit again. To add a topic to your list of favorites: 1. 2. 3.

LESSON 12

4.

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Display the topic you want to save. Go to the Favorites tab. Optional: If you want to save the topic under a different name, enter a new name in the Current topic box, and then press Enter. Click Add.