Türkçe - İngilizce Eşanlamlı Sözlük.pdf

Webster’s

Turkish – English Thesaurus Dictionary

Edited by Professor Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Chaired Professor of Management Science INSEAD (Singapore and Fontainebleau, France)

Webster’s

Turkish – English Thesaurus Dictionary

ii

PROCEEDS BENEFIT Webster’s Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

EDITED BY Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. INSEAD (Fontainebleau & Singapore)

Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade St San Diego, CA 92122 USA Phone: (858) 635-9410 Fax: (858) 635-9414 [email protected] www.icongrouponline.com This edition published by ICON Classics in 2008 Printed in the United States of America. Webster’s Turkish – English Thesaurus Dictionary Copyright ©2008 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2008 by Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group International often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. Neither the Editor nor ICON Group International assume any responsibility for uses of this dictionary, and do not warrant that the definitions or translations are accurate. Net proceeds are used to improve Webster’s Online Dictionary, and the contents of this dictionary have been extracted with permission from Websters’s Online Dictionary, www.websters-onlinedictionary.org (Copyright Philip M. Parker, INSEAD).

ISBN 0-497-83744-7

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

iii

PREFACE This is an English thesaurus designed for Turkish speakers who wish to better understand the ambiguities and richness of the English language. The first chapter is a full English thesaurus organized by 5050 Turkish subject words. For each Turkish subject word, one or more corresponding English subject words (translations) are provided. Synonyms are then given for the English translations for all relevant parts of speech (even in cases where the Turkish subject word has a unique part of speech). This process results in over 14665 English synonyms. The second chapter gives an index of these English synonyms back to the Turkish subject words (a potentially useful chapter to English speakers interested in basic Turkish vocabulary). The third chapter has short vocabulary lists organized by parts-of-speech. English teachers or students can use these bilingual lists to create flash cards, basic lesson plans, and English as a Second Language (ESL) study lists. While creating an English thesaurus for Turkish speakers seems simple enough, it can be tricky. What’s the problem? Translations do not always follow strict transitivity. Normally, if a=b and b=c, then c=a. This is not necessarily true in linguistics when b is an English word that has more than one part of speech. For example, “test” is a verb, noun and adjective. What is the correct English synonym for “a” (in Turkish) when “b” (in English) has synonyms (“c”) having many parts of speech? Furthermore, what if “a” (in Turkish) is ambiguous and has several translations into English (“b”)? This thesaurus embraces this ambiguity by giving as much information to the reader as possible. This was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, maximum-likelihood English translations of the Turkish subject words are given. For all the languages covered in Webster’s Online Dictionary translations are determined using rather massive content analyses of translations from various sources including translations of United Nations documents, translations of the Holy Bible (and similar sources), training manuals, popular works, and academic sources. An English translation having the highest probability of being used is reported first, then the second most probable is reported second, and so on. Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

iv

In the second phase, English synonyms for all parts of speech, including those not related to the original Turkish subject, are given for each English translation generated by the first phase. If an English entry is most used as a certain part of speech (estimated based on an English language corpus), then English synonyms for that part of speech are listed first. This indicates to the speaker of Turkish how the English subject word is most used. Other parts of speech are listed based on their frequency of usage in English. Within each part of speech, synonyms most likely to be used in English are listed first. Readers who seek further information on any of the words in this book, including translations to other world languages, can freely refer to Webster’s Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org). The goal of Webster’s Online Dictionary is to give all people of the world free access to a complete mapping of all known words to and from all written languages. In fulfillment of this goal, Webster’s Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org) also offers as much information as possible for each word, including definitions, translations, images, trade name usage, quotations, and encyclopedic knowledge. The proceeds generated by the sale of this Turkish–English thesaurus dictionary as well as other books extracted from the project will be used to augment the contents of the Webster’s Online Dictionary. This book may be the first Turkish-English thesaurus ever published. All the errors and omissions are mine. I will certainly revise and improve this book at some later date, so if you wish to see better editions published in the future, please send any suggestions, corrections, or translations to [email protected]. Thank you for purchasing this book and supporting Webster’s Online Dictionary. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D., editor Chair Professor of Management Science INSEAD (Singapore & Fontainebleau, France)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

v

CONTENTS TURKISH TO ENGLISH THESAURUS ............................................................ 1 A................................................................................................................................... 1 Â................................................................................................................................. 44 B ................................................................................................................................. 44 C................................................................................................................................. 85 Ç................................................................................................................................. 91 D............................................................................................................................... 107 E ............................................................................................................................... 148 F ............................................................................................................................... 167 G............................................................................................................................... 175 H .............................................................................................................................. 201 I ................................................................................................................................ 222 ı................................................................................................................................. 246 İ ................................................................................................................................ 248 J ................................................................................................................................ 248 K............................................................................................................................... 248 L ............................................................................................................................... 305 M .............................................................................................................................. 308 N .............................................................................................................................. 330 O............................................................................................................................... 339 Ö............................................................................................................................... 348 P ............................................................................................................................... 359 R ............................................................................................................................... 371 S................................................................................................................................ 378 Ş................................................................................................................................ 422 T ............................................................................................................................... 430 U............................................................................................................................... 464 Ü............................................................................................................................... 474 V............................................................................................................................... 478 Y ............................................................................................................................... 485 Ý ............................................................................................................................... 516 Z ............................................................................................................................... 516

INDEX OF ENGLISH SUBJECTS TO TURKISH SUBJECTS ............................ 525 Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

vi

Contents A............................................................................................................................... 525 B ............................................................................................................................... 530 C............................................................................................................................... 534 D............................................................................................................................... 542 E ............................................................................................................................... 546 F ............................................................................................................................... 550 G............................................................................................................................... 554 H .............................................................................................................................. 556 I ................................................................................................................................ 558 J ................................................................................................................................ 561 K............................................................................................................................... 562 L ............................................................................................................................... 562 M .............................................................................................................................. 565 N .............................................................................................................................. 568 O............................................................................................................................... 569 P ............................................................................................................................... 571 Q............................................................................................................................... 577 R ............................................................................................................................... 577 S................................................................................................................................ 582 T ............................................................................................................................... 592 U............................................................................................................................... 596 V............................................................................................................................... 597 W.............................................................................................................................. 598 Y ............................................................................................................................... 600 Z ............................................................................................................................... 600

VOCABULARY STUDY LISTS .................................................................... 601 Verbs (Turkish - English)...................................................................................... 601 Verbs (English - Turkish)...................................................................................... 603 Nouns (Turkish - English) .................................................................................... 605 Nouns (English - Turkish) .................................................................................... 626 Adverbs (Turkish - English)................................................................................. 637 Adverbs (English - Turkish)................................................................................. 638 Adjectives (Turkish - English).............................................................................. 638 Adjectives (English - Turkish).............................................................................. 646

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

1

Turkish to English Thesaurus A abes 1. absurd (anlamsız, saçma); synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable, irrational, crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible, inept, ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical, outrageous, senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2. useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful, helpful, competent, effective, convenient, necessary, valuable. abide 1. monument (anıt); synonyms (n) memorial, headstone, column, record, tombstone, shrine, slab, tablet, landmark, statue, (adj) obelisk, pillar, 2. memorial (anıt); synonyms (n) commemoration, remembrance, memento, cenotaph, monument, epitaph, memory, token, (adj) commemorative. abla sister (hemşire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, mate, twin, baby, counterpart, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis. abluka investment (yatırım); synonyms (n) investing, investiture, clothing, siege, finance, venture, backing, obsession, property, installation, outlay, capital, covering, accession, assets. abone subscription; synonyms (n) contribution, donation, offering, gift, pledge, enrollment, obedience, submission, (v) allowance, subsidy, subvention. Abonelik subscription; synonyms (n) contribution, donation, offering, gift, pledge, enrollment, obedience, submission, (v) allowance, subsidy, subvention. aç 1. hungry; synonyms (adj) avid, eager, esurient, famished, greedy, ravenous, starving, desirous, meager, starveling, barren, keen, peckish, (v) craving, (adv) empty; antonyms (adj) full, sated, satiated, 2. open (açık, açmak); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 3. empty (boş, boşaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow, destitute, blank, abandoned, deserted, vain, airy, (v) drain, deplete, desolate, pour, spill, void, devoid;

antonyms (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill. acayip 1. peculiar; synonyms (adj) individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different, anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric, extraordinary, abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical, 2. curious; synonyms (adj) funny, interested, peculiar, strange, unusual, inquiring, inquisitive, quaint, queer, quizzical, remarkable, singular, weird, whimsical, interesting; antonym (adj) incurious, 3. odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque, droll, chance, novel, irregular, laughable, erratic, unaccountable, casual, crazy, fanciful, atypical, comical, leftover, occasional; antonym (adj) even, 4. weird; synonyms (adj) supernatural, uncanny, unearthly, eerie, mysterious, ghostly, outlandish, mystic, uncommon, creepy, eldritch, macabre, spooky, (n) destiny; antonym (adj) real, 5. bizarre; synonyms (adj) freakish, outre, striking, exotic, extravagant, freaky, incredible, offbeat, rum, unconventional, unnatural, ludicrous, ridiculous, 6. funny; synonyms (adj) amusing, facetious, fishy, diverting, comic, entertaining, farcical, humorous, suspicious, absurd, amusive, hilarious, jocose, (adv) funnily, (n) jest; antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 7. fantastic; synonyms (adj) antic, marvelous, terrific, wonderful, capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, great, illusory, imaginary, phenomenal, romantic, spectacular, (v) fancy; antonym (adj) awful, 8. strange; synonyms (adj) extraneous, foreign, new, rare, alien, unfamiliar, unknown, inexplicable, astonishing, monstrous, uncouth, obscure, preternatural, miraculous, incomprehensible; antonym (adj) familiar. acele 1. hurried; synonyms (adj) hasty, fast, headlong, quick, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift, abrupt, cursory, careless, precipitate, prompt, rash, slapdash; antonyms (adj) slow, unhurried, leisurely, 2. hurry; synonyms (n) speed, haste, dispatch, flurry, (v) bustle, hasten, accelerate, dash, expedite, scurry, fly, run, rush, zip, hie; antonyms (n) slowness, (v) dawdle, 3. expedition; synonyms (n) excursion, journey, travel, celerity, exploration, outing, quest, readiness, tour, trip, acceleration, alacrity, (v) campaign, crusade, attack, 4. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, (v) gush, race, dart, stream, quicken, jet, flush, hurtle, plunge, (adj) burst, spurt, 5. urgency; synonyms (n) pressure, necessity, press, insistence, stress, exigency, instancy, compulsion, importance, emergency, need, importunity, essentiality, gravity, indispensability, 6. pressing (acil); synonyms (v) exigent, importunate, important, (adj) imperative, immediate, critical, imperious, instant, insistent, burning, serious, grave, earnest, (n) urgent, dishing.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

2

Turkish - English

acemi 1. inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature, naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant, new, unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy, strange, amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green; antonyms (adj) experienced, trained, skilled, sophisticated, 2. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, bleak, coarse, cutting, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked, keen, bitter; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 3. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, cool, forward, pure, smart, sweet; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering. acenta agent (ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor. acente 1. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, department, (v) action, act, deed. acentelik agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, factor, instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, (v) action, act. acı 1. bitter (keskin, şiddetli); synonyms (adj) acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp, acerbic, acid, caustic, keen, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms (adj) mild, sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 2. distress; synonyms (n) agony, anguish, pain, trouble, anxiety, calamity, difficulty, grief, hurt, torture, (v) afflict, torment, concern, bother, upset; antonyms (v) comfort, please, 3. grief (keder); synonyms (n) affliction, dolor, distress, regret, wound, chagrin, pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation, gloom, heartbreak, melancholy, misery, (adj) sore; antonyms (n) joy, happiness, 4. sorrow; synonyms (n) mourning, sadness, contrition, heartache, penitence, remorse, repentance, hardship, compunction, bereavement, evil, depression, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonym (n) delight, 5. pain (ağrı); synonyms (n) ache, ill, nuisance, harass, annoyance, discomfort, plague, bite, cramp, hurting, (v) agonize, inconvenience, annoy, injure, ail; antonym (n) pleasure, 6. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy; antonyms (adj) cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly, 7. suffering; synonyms (n) ordeal, sorrow, adversity, injury, misfortune, sufferance, trial,

damage, passion, endurance, penance, privation, tribulation, (adj) miserable, tormented; antonym (n) content. açı angle; synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish. açık 1. open (açmak); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. explicit; synonyms (adj) distinct, unmistakable, broad, definite, direct, exact, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic, transparent, express, plain, precise; antonyms (adj) vague, tacit, understood, unspoken, implicit, bland, 3. shortage; synonyms (n) dearth, defect, deficiency, lack, paucity, deficit, famine, insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, scarcity, shortfall, want, deprivation; antonyms (n) abundance, excess, overabundance, surplus, affluence, glut, 4. clear (belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, empty, light, pure, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, net, absolve, clarify, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, dull, (v) convict, 5. free (bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, liberal, bountiful, autonomous, (v) exempt, liberate, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, deliver, disengage, ease, release, voluntary; antonyms (adj) bound, compelled, confined, imprisoned, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, dependent, (v) confine, block, cage, condemn, 6. light (hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount, illuminate; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 7. plain (düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, downright, evident, homely, humble, level, simple, overt, outspoken, even, explicit, natural, (n) flat; antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, fussy, two-colored, 8. distinct (ayrı); synonyms (adj) articulate, different, discrete, distinctive, palpable, decided, dissimilar, marked, tangible, clear-cut, audible, conspicuous, diverse, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, inaudible, shapeless, 9. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, say, state, tell, breathe, (adj) especial, speedy, specific, categorical, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, 10. apparent;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English synonyms (adj) discernible, patent, ostensible, perceptible, noticeable, outward, specious, superficial, external, surface, alleged, appreciable, presumable, presumptive, (adv) visible; antonyms (adj) real, mysterious, 11. blank (boş, boşluk); synonyms (adj) unfilled, vacant, deadpan, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, negative, straight, vacuous, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj) animated, full, expressive, 12. on (üstünde); synonyms (prep) at, about, concerning, in, by, into, upon, for, above, (adv) forth, ahead, (adj) forward, aboard, (prf) along, against; antonym (adv) off, 13. deficit; synonyms (n) failure, shortage, arrears, absence, 14. vacant (boş); synonyms (adj) blank, hollow, devoid, idle, unoccupied, void, deserted, inane, available, listless, desolate, disengaged, unemployed, abandoned, (v) destitute; antonym (adj) occupied, 15. straightforward; synonyms (adj) square, sincere, aboveboard, immediate, outright, unsophisticated, upright, unequivocal, bluff, round, elementary, truthful, blunt, unaffected, uncomplicated; antonyms (adj) complicated, difficult, complex, deceitful, tricky, pompous, 16. frank; synonyms (adj) hearty, straightforward, genuine, naive, heartfelt, innocent, plainspoken, unfeigned, unreserved, unvarnished, veracious, communicative, unguarded, (n) frankfurter; antonyms (adj) dishonest, guarded, 17. evident (besbelli); synonyms (adj) observable, bold, demonstrable, notable, prominent, pronounced, glaring, indisputable, indubitable, luminous, undeniable, understandable, (adv) apparently; antonyms (adj) unnoticed, inconspicuous, 18. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample, comprehensive, extensive, general, large, sweeping, vast, big, blanket, capacious, deep, inclusive, spacious, (n) female; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, 19. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, comely, considerable, decent, disinterested, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 20. fine (güzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant, excellent, nice, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory. açıkça 1. clearly; synonyms (adv) apparently, decidedly, distinctly, evidently, clear, definitely, explicitly, simply, specifically, understandably, intelligibly, surely, certainly, easily, absolutely; antonyms (adv) indistinctly, vaguely, blurrily, imperceptibly, obscurely, unclearly, doubtfully, imperfectly, softly, 2. frankly; synonyms (adv)

3

candidly, aboveboard, bluntly, directly, honestly, openly, sincerely, plainly, straight, straightforwardly, truthfully, (adj) freely; antonyms (adv) dishonestly, hesitantly, 3. openly (alenen); synonyms (adv) frankly, publicly, clearly, ingenuously, obviously, overtly, patently, publically, artlessly, barefacedly, boldly, (adj) manifestly; antonyms (adv) secretly, clandestinely, furtively, mysteriously, secretively, ambiguously, covertly, reticently, 4. distinctly; synonyms (adv) particularly, expressly, noticeably, 5. evidently; synonyms (adv) palpably, markedly, plain, visibly, 6. obviously; synonyms (adv) naturally, unambiguously, unmistakably; antonyms (adv) unnoticeably, undetectably, 7. expressly; synonyms (adv) specially, especially, purposely, precisely, namely, 8. plainly; synonyms (adv) merely, outright, flatly, lucidly, severely, coarsely, inelegantly, literally, only; antonym (adv) elaborately. açıkçası frankly; synonyms (adv) candidly, aboveboard, bluntly, directly, honestly, openly, sincerely, plainly, simply, straight, straightforwardly, truthfully, (adj) freely; antonyms (adv) dishonestly, hesitantly. açıkgöz 1. smart; synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow, 2. alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile, aware, lively, vigilant, alive, animated, attentive, brisk, careful, cautious, (v) awake, caution, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, sleepy, tired, asleep, unalert, unconscious, 3. sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, severe, alert, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. Açiklama explanation (açıklama); synonyms (n) account, annotation, commentary, definition, description, exposition, excuse, gloss, interpretation, justification, solution, key, answer, caption, apology; antonym (n) mystery. açıklama 1. explanation; synonyms (n) account, annotation, commentary, definition, description, exposition, excuse, gloss, interpretation, justification, solution, key, answer, caption, apology; antonym (n) mystery, 2. account (hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale, explanation, history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, tally, (v) report, 3. comment (Yorum); synonyms (n) critique, note, censure, criticism, mention, observation, reflection, animadversion, feature, gossip, (v) annotate, remark, notice, discourse, expound, 4.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

4

Turkish - English interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version,

construction, clarification, illustration, interpreting, translation, analysis, performance, reading, understanding, explication, evaluation, meaning, paraphrase, rendering, 5. commentary; synonyms (n) comment, article, footnote, review, 6. remark; synonyms (n) mind, heed, observance, word, declaration, statement, quip, (v) observe, perceive, mark, discern, see, detect, (adj) look, attend, 7. statement; synonyms (n) affirmation, announcement, communication, instruction, assertion, command, proposition, enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, expression, pronouncement, bulletin, record; antonym (n) denial. açıklamak 1. explain; synonyms (v) comment, elucidate, interpret, account, clarify, decipher, define, describe, enlighten, excuse, explicate, expound, gloss, solve, denote; antonym (v) confuse, 2. clarify; synonyms (v) clear, clean, elaborate, explain, purge, defecate, illuminate, refine, show, brighten, cleanse, illustrate, (adj) edulcorate, elutriate, expurgate; antonyms (v) obscure, complicate, blur, obfuscate, 3. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 4. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, place, (v) declare, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 5. reveal; synonyms (v) disclose, divulge, expose, betray, convey, detect, discover, exhibit, impart, present, communicate, indicate, uncover, proclaim, find; antonyms (v) conceal, hide, cover. acıklı 1. sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal, distressing, gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable, pitiful, bad, bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed, depressing, disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed, 2. moving (dokunaklı); synonyms (adj) active, affecting, emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile, poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, imposing, (n) movement, transport, advance, transfer; antonyms (adj) motionless, still, stationary, unemotional, 3. pathetic; synonyms (adj) sad, wretched, forlorn, lamentable, tragic, piteous, poor, woeful, grievous, moving, abject, measly, plaintive, sorry, contemptible, 4. depressing; synonyms (adj) cheerless, dark, oppressive, blue, desolate, grim, black, chill, depressive, discouraging, dispiriting, dour, drab, dull, glum; antonyms (adj) heartening, bright, 5. touching; synonyms (adj) pathetic, adjacent, adjoining, contiguous, near, expressive, heartbreaking, next, sentimental, tender, (prep) concerning, about, (n) touch, contact, 6. tragic;

synonyms (adj) calamitous, disastrous, dreadful, catastrophic, unlucky, tragical, unfortunate, comic, histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous. açıklık 1. gap (aralık, boşluk); synonyms (n) break, cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy, blank, chink, (v) breach, 2. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 3. clarity; synonyms (n) clearness, limpidity, comprehensibility, precision, purity, coherence, lucidity, pellucidity, simplicity; antonyms (n) cloudiness, obscurity, vagueness, haziness, mistiness, opacity, uncertainty, unclearness. acıkmak hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst, appetite, craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine, longing, starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust; antonym (n) moderation. acil 1. urgent; synonyms (adj) pressing, importunate, imperative, instant, immediate, quick, earnest, critical, serious, vital, hasty, insistent, compelling, (v) important, clamorous; antonym (adj) trivial, 2. pressing; synonyms (v) exigent, anxious, (adj) imperious, burning, grave, crucial, (n) urgent, dishing, press, pressure, prestretching, 3. immediate; synonyms (adj) close, prompt, direct, sudden, near, present, expeditious, fast, proximate, speedy, express, adjacent, firsthand, nearby, adjoining; antonyms (adj) slow, gradual, consecutive, deliberate. acılık 1. bitterness; synonyms (n) acerbity, acrimony, animosity, gall, malice, resentment, acidity, asperity, bitter, enmity, hatred, hostility, rancor, sharpness, affliction; antonym (n) sweetness, 2. bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. açılış opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture, break, beginning, cleft, commencement, crack, door, entrance, hole, occasion, chasm, onset, (adj) preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale, (adj) final. açılmak 1. open (açık, açmak); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. expand

(büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow, 3. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, deploy, distribute, (n) span, dissemination, expanse; antonym (adj) concentrated. acıma 1. compassion; synonyms (n) pity, clemency, mercy, charity, commiseration, sympathy, forgiveness, remorse, tenderness, benevolence, condolence, consideration, feeling, grace, (adj) kindness; antonyms (n) cruelty, indifference, 2. pity (acımak); synonyms (n) compassion, pathos, shame, comfort, sorrow, heart, (v) commiserate, compassionate, sympathize, condole, misery; antonym (n) blame, 3. mercy; synonyms (n) favor, humanity, leniency, pardon, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter, lenience, indulgence, lenity, tolerance, gentleness, 4. sympathy; synonyms (n) rapport, understanding, agreement, affection, compatibility, empathy, warmth, support, affinity, concern, consolation, goodwill, (adj) cordiality, benignity, fraternization. acımak 1. pity; synonyms (n) compassion, commiseration, mercy, condolence, clemency, pathos, remorse, shame, sympathy, comfort, feeling, benevolence, (v) commiserate, compassionate, sympathize; antonym (n) blame, 2. hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict, injure, ail, cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage, detriment, ache, disadvantage, abuse, distress, lesion; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt, 3. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, jaunty, lively, (n) sharp, (v) hurt; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. acımasız 1. cruel (gaddar); synonyms (adj) barbarous, brutal, hard, harsh, heartless, unkind, bitter, bloody, atrocious, biting, fierce, inhuman, merciless, ruthless, savage; antonyms (adj) gentle, kind, merciful, humane, liberal, sympathetic, 2. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric, bestial, cruel, truculent, vicious, barbarian, boarish, rugged, tough, ferocious, oppressive, pitiless, rigorous, violent, 3. grim; synonyms (adj) dreadful, austere, cheerless, dark, dour, dreary, forbidding, ghastly, glum, dire, awful, bleak, depressing, dismal, fearful; antonyms (adj) cheerful, bright, 4. ruthless; synonyms (adj) remorseless, grim, inexorable, relentless, unsparing, unfeeling, unmerciful, unpitying, unrelenting, unyielding, implacable, unscrupulous, stern, callous, hardhearted; antonym (adj) charitable. açış opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture, break, beginning, cleft, commencement, crack, door, entrance, hole, occasion, chasm, onset, (adj)

5

preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale, (adj) final.

acıtmak hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict, injure, ail, cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage, detriment, ache, disadvantage, abuse, distress, lesion; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt. acıyan sore; synonyms (adj) painful, sensitive, angry, raw, indignant, aching, (n) injury, boil, cut, lesion, canker, abscess, (v) hurt, acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless. aciz 1. helpless; synonyms (adj) forlorn, powerless, defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble, hopeless, impotent, unable, incompetent, vulnerable, (n) frail, (v) destitute, abandoned, 2. unable; synonyms (adj) incapable, ineffective, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit, disqualified; antonyms (adj) able, capable. açlık hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst, appetite, craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine, longing, starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust; antonym (n) moderation. açma opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture, break, beginning, cleft, commencement, crack, door, entrance, hole, occasion, chasm, onset, (adj) preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale, (adj) final. açmak 1. open (açık); synonyms (adj) frank, obvious, artless, exposed, free, honest, bare, forthright, guileless, ingenuous, naked, (v) expand, give, (n) candid, clear; antonyms (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, hidden, limited, repressive, reserved, restricted, secret, blocked, cautious, (v) shut, end, (tr v) close, 2. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict,

3. expand (büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow, 4. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, deploy, distribute, (n) span, dissemination, expanse; antonym (adj) concentrated. açmaz dilemma (ikilem); synonyms (n) quandary, corner, fix, jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis, difficulty, plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj) embarrassment, perplexity.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

6

Turkish - English

ad 1. name (isim); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet,

adama dedication; synonyms (n) consecration,

address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe, cite, designate, entitle, enumerate, identify, list, mention, 2. reputation; synonyms (n) fame, name, prestige, distinction, honor, face, celebrity, character, credit, report, notoriety, prominence, repute, (v) esteem, (adj) renown, 3. noun (isim); synonyms (v) expression, term, 4. substantive; synonyms (adj) real, essential, meaty, significant, material, actual, strong, crucial, hearty, indispensable, satisfying, solid, (n) noun, substantial, reality. ada 1. island; synonyms (n) reef, aisle, egg, inch, (v) isle, insulate, isolate, segregate, sequester, separate, 2. isle; synonyms (n) islet, ile. adak offering; synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor, benefaction, boon, (n) contribution, donation, oblation, offer, present, presentation, endowment, bestowal, gratuity, reward. adale muscle (kas); synonyms (n) brawn, potency, sinew, might, power, strength, force, energy, flesh, beef, physique, musculus, tendon, (adj) nerve, stamina. adaleli muscular; synonyms (adj) athletic, brawny, strong, burly, hefty, powerful, robust, husky, stalwart, stout, sturdy, manly, cogent, hardy, rugged; antonyms (adj) puny, slight. adalet 1. equity; synonyms (n) fairness, honesty, candor, reasonableness, uprightness, justness, probity, right, righteousness, law, (adj) justice, integrity; antonym (n) unfairness, 2. justice; synonyms (n) equity, impartiality, judge, judicature, jurist, morality, correctness, court, umpire, magistrate, propriety, rectitude, faithfulness, (adj) just, principle; antonym (n) injustice. adaletsizlik injustice; synonyms (n) inequity, iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry, crime, grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice, wickedness, (adj) injury, harm, damage; antonyms (n) justice, evenhandedness, fairness. adam 1. man (erkek, insan); synonyms (n) fellow, gentleman, guy, person, husband, homo, human, humanity, humankind, humans, individual, mankind, mortal, (obj) he, male; antonym (n) woman, 2. guy; synonyms (n) boy, lad, cat, man, bozo, hombre, rope, tether, band, (v) rib, blackguard, 3. fellow; synonyms (adj) comrade, (n) companion, associate, equal, brother, chap, colleague, compeer, peer, buddy, dude, dog, counterpart, escort, (v) concomitant, 4. chap; synonyms (n) blighter, crack, cranny, crevice, beau, scissure, chink, cleft, cuss, fella, feller, fissure, gent, wight, blade, 5. bloke; synonym (n) geezer, 6. person (kişi, şahıs); synonyms (n) being, body, character, creature, soul, life, form, organism, personality, somebody, someone, substance, thing, partner, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton.

allegiance, commitment, devotion, inscription, loyalty, fidelity, sanctification, fanaticism, passion, (adj) glorification; antonym (n) indifference. adamakıllı 1. greatly; synonyms (adv) badly, considerably, exceedingly, too, awfully, enormously, exceptionally, extremely, very, well, dearly, abundantly, (adj) far, deeply, much; antonym (adv) slightly, 2. thoroughly; synonyms (adv) completely, entirely, fully, absolutely, carefully, exhaustively, soundly, totally, wholly, quite, altogether, exactly, perfectly, utterly, (v) adequately; antonyms (adv) carelessly, superficially. adaptasyon adaptation (uyarlama); synonyms (n) accommodation, adjustment, alteration, version, reworking, adaption, conversion, fitness, modification, variation. aday 1. candidate; synonyms (n) applicant, aspirant, contestant, contender, hopeful, nominee, prospect, suitor, amateur, campaigner, 2. applicant; synonyms (n) petitioner, candidate, applier, solicitor. adet 1. item (kalem, madde, parça); synonyms (n) piece, detail, article, entry, object, point, subject, thing, affair, event, clause, component, entity, fact, (adv) also, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke, 3. number

(numara, numaralamak, rakam, sayı, saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate, enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 4. period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time, mark, 5. use (kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom, benefit, application, function, (v) exercise, employ, employment, expend, profit, advantage, exploit, occupy, operate, spend, exert; antonym (v) conserve.

adeta 1. almost (hemen hemen, neredeyse); synonyms (adv) nearly, approximately, just, around, most, practically, roughly, virtually, some, (prep) about, (adj) near, nigh, approaching, approximate, barely, 2. nearly (hemen hemen); synonyms (adv) almost, close, closely, intimately, much, dear, halfway, (adj) thereabouts. adi 1. common (ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 2. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, average, familiar, commonplace,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English everyday, normal, banal, conventional, frequent, indifferent, inferior, (n) common, customary, (v) general, inconspicuous; antonyms (adj) incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special, distinguished, famous, 3. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, hateful, medium, miserly, abject, beggarly, close, despicable, (n) contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind, 4. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg, stand, support, alkali, (adj) bottom, dishonorable, vile, bad, foul, infamous, ugly, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 5. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, gross, rough, bawdy, blunt, broad, earthy, harsh, rude, uncivilized, brutish, awkward; antonyms (adj) refined, smooth, sophisticated, 6. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) humble, blue, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, feeble, degraded, despondent, dirty, dispirited, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high, 7. everyday; synonyms (adj) routine, casual, daily, humdrum, mundane, prosaic, regular, informal, hackneyed, colloquial, undistinguished, household, plain, quotidian, (v) wonted; antonym (adj) exquisite, 8. cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, stingy, tacky, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy, worthless, miserable, wretched; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious. adil 1. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply, (adj) fair, right, correct, accurate, honest, barely, fit, good, righteous, upright, appropriate; antonym (adj) wrong. adilane 1. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. fairly (oldukça); synonyms (adv) completely, moderately, somewhat, equitably, fair, justly, passably, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, enough, middling, relatively, slightly; antonyms (adv) unfairly, extremely, unjustly. adım 1. step (basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace,

7

proceeding, 2. pace; synonyms (n) rate, rapidity, speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat, cadence, carriage, footfall, quickness, swiftness, (v) step; antonym (n) slowness. adımlamak 1. pace (adım); synonyms (n) walk, rate, footstep, rapidity, speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat, cadence, (v) step, gait, stride; antonym (n) slowness, 2. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, move, advance, phase, procedure, process, (v) pace, proceeding. adlandırmak term (terim); synonyms (n) name, expression, period, style, title, boundary, limit, spell, stipulation, time, duration, phrase, (v) call, designate, entitle. adli 1. judicial; synonyms (adj) forensic, judiciary, legal, judicatory, dispassionate, lawful, juridic, juridical, discriminative, judicious, 2. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) sound, valid, constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true, correct, sanctioned, official, right, authentic, (v) allowable, legitimate, licit; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, bogus. adres address (söylev); synonyms (n) accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore. adsız anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj) nameless, unknown, unnamed, unidentified, authorless, unacknowledged, undisclosed, unspecified, incognito, unfamiliar, hidden, indefinite, mysterious, nondescript, private; antonym (adj) known. af 1. pardon (affetmek); synonyms (n) amnesty, forgiveness, (v) absolve, condone, excuse, forgive, justify, acquit, exonerate, spare, absolution, acquittal, discharge, (adj) exculpate, clear; antonym (v) blame, 2. amnesty; synonyms (n) pardon, remission, clemency, condonation, grace, mercy, reprieve, 3. mercy; synonyms (n) compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity, humanity, leniency, benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter, sympathy, lenience, tenderness, commiseration. afet disaster (yıkım); synonyms (n) calamity, catastrophe, accident, adversity, blow, casualty, cataclysm, debacle, destruction, fiasco, misadventure, misfortune, affliction, curse, bane; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy. affedersiniz sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad, deplorable, mean, miserable; antonym (adj) unrepentant. affetmek 1. forgive (bağışlamak); synonyms (v) condone, absolve, excuse, acquit, pardon, remit, exonerate, justify, clear, overlook, 2. pardon (af); synonyms (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

8

Turkish - English

remission, reprieve, (v) forgive, spare, absolution, acquittal, discharge, pity, release, explain, (adj) exculpate; antonym (v) blame, 3. excuse (bağışlamak, bahane, özür); synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color, defense, explanation, extenuate, plea, (v) apologise, apologize, dispensation, exempt, (adj) free; antonym (v) punish. afiş 1. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 2. poster; synonyms (n) bill, notice, handbill, broadside, circular, ad, announcement, flyer, posting, sign, (v) affiche. ağ 1. network; synonyms (n) net, grid, mesh, netting, reticulation, meshwork, web, grating, lattice, system, complex, (v) link, communicate, contact, exchange, 2. net (net); synonyms (adj) final, last, nett, (n) network, bag, lace, earnings, cobweb, (v) clear, gain, make, trap, catch, earn, knit; antonym (v) gross, 3. web; synonyms (n) tissue, texture, blade, entanglement, maze, film, complication, grain, labyrinth, snarl, tangle, vane, (v) plexus. ağaç 1. tree; synonyms (n) gallows, gibbet, stem, house, tribe, hierarchy, landmark, lentisk, ranking, trunk, filler, (v) corner, collar, 2. wood (koru, odun, tahta); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle. ağaçlandırmak forest (orman); synonyms (n) timber, jungle, woodland, timberland, wood, woods, (v) afforest. ağarmak grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray. ağıl pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v) enclose, confine, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose. ağır 1. heavy; synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full, grave, gross, hard, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle, puny, skinny, 2. serious (ciddi); synonyms (adj) heavy, sedate, austere, great, considerable, critical, dangerous, earnest, sad, sober, bad, big, major, (v) important, momentous; antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, 3. grave; synonyms (adj) serious, severe, solemn, grand, material, calm, (n) cemetery, death, low, sepulchre, sepulture, (v) acute, engrave, carve, etch; antonym (adj) funny, 4. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) difficult, strong, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic, backbreaking, compact, complicated, dour, (adv) firm, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) soft, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 5. lazy (tembel); synonyms (adj) indolent, idle,

inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, faineant, remiss, slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard, tardy, apathetic; antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active, 6. slow (Yavaş, yavaşlamak); synonyms (adj) late, dim, gradual, lazy, stupid, belated, boring, dilatory, lethargic, obtuse, (v) slack, check, delay, (adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v) accelerate, 7. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated, circumspect, thoughtful, conscious, considered, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 8. dull; synonyms (adj) blunt, dreary, bland, cloudy, cold, dismal, torpid, uninteresting, commonplace, dingy, drab, flat, (v) deaden, dampen, damp; antonyms (adj) lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny, 9. strong; synonyms (adj) powerful, able, stable, steady, cogent, durable, forcible, good, influential, lusty, potent, rigid, robust, secure, solid; antonyms (adj) weak, delicate, faint, feeble, frail, pale, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, lightweight, tired, watery, 10. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, biting, inclement, rigorous, cutting, grim, strict, atrocious, caustic, exacting, extreme, fierce, painful, piercing, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) lenient, lax, 11. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) abundant, copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, affluent, ample, luxurious, opulent, plentiful, prolific, liberal, fecund, lush, (v) ornate; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished. ağırbaşlı 1. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid; antonym (adj) intoxicated, 2. serious (ağır, ciddi); synonyms (adj) heavy, austere, great, hard, considerable, critical, dangerous, grievous, sad, sober, bad, big, deep, (v) important, momentous; antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, slight. ağırlaştırmak weight (ağırlık); synonyms (n) load, burden, charge, consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure, significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence, moment, (v) gravity; antonym (n) triviality. ağırlık 1. weight; synonyms (n) load, burden, charge, consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure, significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence, moment, (v) gravity; antonym (n) triviality, 2. gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness, solemnity, graveness, gravitation, seriousness, weight, sedateness, austerity, staidness, gloominess,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English sobriety, somberness, (v) poise; antonyms (n) flippancy, insignificance, lightheartedness. ağız 1. mouth; synonyms (n) jaw, lip, aperture, lips, edge, entrance, brim, (v) grimace, articulate, pronounce, speak, utter, vocalize, blab, deliver, 2. edge (kenar); synonyms (n) boundary, margin, verge, blade, brink, extremity, advantage, bank, butt, corner, limit, (v) border, bound, hem, line; antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 3. outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, egress, exit, opening, store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, emission, escape, gap, release, vent, 4. trap (tuzak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick, entangle, capture, 5. accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect, emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, accentuation, articulation, intonation, pronunciation, tone, (v) emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate, 6. opening; synonyms (n) mouth, break, beginning, cleft, commencement, crack, door, occasion, chasm, onset, breach, chance, crevice, entry, (adj) preliminary; antonyms (n) end, closing, finale, (adj) final. ağızdan oral; synonyms (adj) spoken, vocal, unwritten, verbal, (n) examination; antonym (adj) written.

ağlama cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper. ağlamak cry (bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper. agoni agony; synonyms (n) anguish, torture, distress, misery, suffering, torment, grief, pain, pang, passion, sorrow, throe, ache, affliction, martyrdom. ağrı pain; synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother, ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v) hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble, agonize; antonym (n) pleasure. ağrılı sore; synonyms (adj) painful, sensitive, angry, raw, indignant, aching, (n) injury, boil, cut, lesion, canker, abscess, (v) hurt, acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless. ağrımak hurt; synonyms (v) pain, wound, afflict, injure, ail, cost, (adj) evil, (n) harm, damage, detriment, ache, disadvantage, abuse, distress, lesion; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt. ahali 1. people (halk); synonyms (n) nation, community, family, folk, multitude, populace, clan, mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell, 2. folk; synonyms (n) people, kin, kindred, kinsfolk, man, persons, race, tribe, house.

9

ahbap 1. friend (arkadaş, dost); synonyms (n) fellow, acquaintance, ally, colleague, crony, advocate, assistant, booster, buddy, mate, connection, wellwisher, (adj) associate, companion, comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe, stranger, rival, 2. companion (arkadaş); synonyms (n) peer, chum, partner, brother, attendant, consort, escort, familiar, friend, pal, playmate, boyfriend, chaperon, (v) accompany, (adj) accomplice, 3. chap; synonyms (n) person, blighter, crack, cranny, crevice, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, chink, cleft, cuss, fella, feller; antonym (n) woman. ahenk 1. accord (anlaşma); synonyms (n) agreement, assent, consensus, harmony, consonance, (v) agree, concord, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 2. harmony; synonyms (n) accord, conformity, correspondence, accordance, congruity, consistency, amity, concordance, tune, understanding, unity, friendship, coincidence, (v) concert, peace; antonyms (n) dissonance, argument, 3. agreement (anlaşma); synonyms (n) acquiescence, contract, acceptance, appointment, arrangement, compliance, confirmation, covenant, settlement, unison, deed, bargain, concurrence, deal, decision; antonyms (n) rejection, dispute, resistance. ahır 1. barn; synonyms (n) shed, store, stable, bawn, auditorium, bacilli, bacillus, lathe, bel, boron, shelter, (adj) foul, unclean, 2. stable; synonyms (adj) firm, permanent, reliable, constant, durable, fast, fixed, lasting, secure, stationary, enduring, hard, persistent, solid, sound; antonyms (adj) unstable, shaky, wobbly, dangerous, precarious, rickety, volatile, 3. stall; synonyms (n) booth, bench, barn, carrel, compartment, delay, stand, cabin, hut, kiosk, stalling, cubicle, chair, (v) procrastinate, wait. ahize receiver (alıcı); synonyms (n) recipient, beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset, liquidator, collector, phone, telephone, matrass, questor; antonym (n) donor. ahlaki moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent, good, honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous, upright, virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n) lesson, meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad, unwholesome. ahlaksal moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent, good, honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous, upright, virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n) lesson, meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad, unwholesome. ahlaksız 1. abandoned; synonyms (adj) forlorn, immoral, deserted, empty, profligate, shameless, stranded, wicked, lonely, corrupt, debauched, depraved, derelict, desolate, discarded; antonyms (adj) restrained, inhabited, orderly, overcrowded, 2.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

10

Turkish - English mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms

akaçlamak drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike,

(v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj)

channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster. akademi academy; synonyms (n) academe, school, college, institution, university, academia, campus, class, alliance, council, federation, foundation, fraternity, league, preparatory. akademik academic; synonyms (adj) theoretical, learned, pedantic, scholarly, speculative, studious, bookish, didactic, educational, erudite, (n) intellectual, academician, scholar, (v) scholastic, hypothetical; antonym (n) realist. akan running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run. akar running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run. akarsu stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle. akıbet 1. fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion, accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate, destruction, 2. end (bitirmek, bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n) close, aim, closure, destination, conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, (v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence; antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin, continue. akıcı 1. fluid (akışkan); synonyms (n) juice, liquor, (adj) liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable, smooth, fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain, unstable, variable, watery; antonym (n) solid, 2. liquid; synonyms (adj) fluid, limpid, sappy, succulent, liquefied, liquified, (n) drink, liquidness, sap; antonyms (adj) firm, (n) gaseous, 3. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, glossy, graceful, greasy, mellow, polished, slick, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle. akıl 1. intelligence; synonyms (n) information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 2. mind; synonyms (n) head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, conscience, belief, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, guard, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget, 3. brain (beyin); synonyms (n) mastermind, genius,

middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average, contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind. ahlaksızlık corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness. ahmak 1. stupid; synonyms (adj) foolish, silly, dull, fatuous, idiotic, ridiculous, senseless, crass, insane, childish, dim, (n) simple, absurd, dullard, idiot; antonyms (adj) sensible, bright, clever, intelligent, shrewd, wise, 2. foolish (akılsız); synonyms (adj) crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dumb, preposterous, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, dotty, imprudent, irrational, ludicrous, mad; antonyms (adj) prudent, visionary, 3. idiot; synonyms (n) dolt, dunce, dimwit, moron, ass, cretin, imbecile, oaf, changeling, dumbbell, half-wit, innocent, jerk, natural, 4. fool; synonyms (n) blockhead, clown, buffoon, joke, joker, (v) dupe, deceive, bamboozle, befool, cheat, con, defraud, delude, gull, beguile. ahşap wood (ağaç, koru, odun, tahta); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle. aile 1. family; synonyms (n) descent, household, name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus, house, kin, lineage, people, (adj) home, ancestry, domestic, 2. house (ev, mesken); synonyms (n) family, dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, building, edifice, habitation, housing, establishment, structure, company, address, (v) accommodate, lodge. ajan 1. agent (acenta); synonyms (n) agency, broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. spy (casus); synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, notice, patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern, discover, observe, perceive, descry, behold. ajans agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, factor, instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, (v) action, act. ak white (beyaz); synonyms (adj) fair, ashen, blank, clean, snowy, wan, achromatic, bloodless, livid, pallid, colorless, bright, good, (n) pale, (v) whiten; antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, (n) black. akaç drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster. akaçlama drainage (drenaj); synonyms (n) drain, drive, emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj) arefaction, dephlegmation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English mind, reason, brainpower, encephalon, nous, wit, prodigy, 4. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, (v) capital, direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 5. wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag, humorist, satire, repartee, sense, sagacity, humour, joker, pleasantry, comedian, mood, wisdom, (adj) irony, sarcasm; antonym (n) tragedy, 6. reason; synonyms (n) account, occasion, argument, object, purpose, rationality, basis, explanation, (v) cause, argue, debate, conclude, deduce, discuss, ground, 7. advice (öğüt); synonyms (n) admonition, caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction, monition, report, advisement, announcement, communication, direction, guidance, hint, tip, 8. wisdom (bilgelik); synonyms (n) discretion, judiciousness, prudence, sapience, discernment, insight, learning, depth, judgment, profundity, reasonableness, scholarship, erudition, sensibleness, (v) lore; antonym (n) foolishness. akıllı 1. wise (bilge); synonyms (adj) judicious, reasonable, sensible, intelligent, knowing, prudent, rational, sagacious, sound, discreet, shrewd, sane, discerning, thoughtful, (n) method; antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise, stupid, 2. intelligent; synonyms (adj) clever, alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quickwitted, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowledgeable, quick, smart, wise, witty; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, 3. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper, sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively, natty, neat, saucy, fine, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, shabby, unkempt, 4. clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable, acute, able, apt, expert, ingenious, skillful, artful, learned, adept, brainy, cagey, cagy, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj) clumsy, dull, inept, 5. reasonable (makul); synonyms (adj) just, moderate, fair, legitimate, admissible, appropriate, cheap, due, equitable, impartial, inexpensive, plausible, temperate, acceptable, (n) clear; antonyms (adj) illogical, unreasonable, expensive, unfair, unsatisfactory, inadequate, 6. sensible; synonyms (adj) aware, perceptible, appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious, sapient, advisable, careful, cognizant, palpable, sensitive, realistic, susceptible; antonyms (adj) absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, harebrained, hasty, impractical. akıllılık 1. intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 2. wisdom (bilgelik); synonyms (n) discretion, judiciousness, prudence, sagacity, sapience, sense,

11

discernment, insight, learning, depth, judgment, profundity, reasonableness, scholarship, (v) lore; antonym (n) foolishness. akılsız 1. foolish; synonyms (adj) childish, crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dull, dumb, fatuous, preposterous, silly, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, (n) absurd; antonyms (adj) wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd, visionary, 2. irrational; synonyms (adj) foolish, inconsistent, blind, illogical, senseless, unreasonable, imprudent, unsound, insane, thoughtless, nonsensical, ridiculous, surd, deranged, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) rational, logical, 3. unreasonable; synonyms (adj) excessive, extravagant, immoderate, undue, exorbitant, inordinate, irrational, unconscionable, unfair, impossible, invalid, unwarranted, outrageous, unjust, injudicious; antonyms (adj) reasonable, good-natured, 4. stupid (ahmak); synonyms (adj) idiotic, crass, dim, pointless, slow, booby, dense, doltish, heavy, insipid, obtuse, (n) simple, dullard, idiot, dolt; antonyms (adj) bright, clever, intelligent. akım 1. stream; synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle, 2. current (cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, present, prevalent, rife, (n) stream, afloat, movement; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous, 3. trend (eğilim); synonyms (n) fashion, tendency, fad, inclination, direction, disposition, drift, vogue, leaning, (v) style, tend, incline, sheer, turn, verge. akın 1. invasion; synonyms (n) attack, assault, aggression, incursion, inroad, descent, foray, influx, intrusion, encroachment, infringement, occupation, raid, breach, charge; antonyms (n) retreat, surrender, 2. raid; synonyms (n) invasion, onset, seizure, mugging, (v) bust, maraud, pillage, sortie, loot, assail, invade, plunder, razzia, hit, rob, 3. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 4. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, flow, haste, (v) dash, race, speed, dart, hasten, quicken, accelerate, flush, fly, hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt. akıntı 1. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, spurt, rush, streak, torrent, beam, spout, ray, (v) crowd, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge; antonym (v) trickle, 3. current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, present, prevalent, rife, (n) afloat,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

12

Turkish - English

movement, (prep) tide; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous, 4. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, intent, leeway, purport, (v) aim, blow, ramble, cast, glide, move, roam. akis reflection (yansıma); synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection, image, repercussion, animadversion. akış 1. flow (akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. course (yön); synonyms (n) flow, bearing, career, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, race, way, (v) chase, (prep) tide, 3. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) rule, dash, conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, hurry, operate, progress, rush, (n) pass, campaign, drive, range, 4. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n) drift, time, (v) wave, billow, noonday, 5. stream (akım); synonyms (n) brook, river, spurt, streak, torrent, beam, spout, ray, rain, (v) crowd, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge, squirt; antonym (v) trickle. akışkan fluid (akıcı); synonyms (n) juice, liquor, (adj) liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable, smooth, fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain, unstable, variable, watery; antonym (n) solid. akıtmak 1. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth, 2. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster, 3. stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle, 4. pour; synonyms (v) shed, decant, pelt, stream, discharge, spill, teem, effuse, deluge, funnel, tip, spout, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle. akli intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental, rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal, cultured, brilliant, clever, (n) intellect, brain, scholar, thinker, mind. akma discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire. akmak 1. flow (akış); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 3.

stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, spurt, rush, streak, torrent, beam, spout, ray, (v) crowd, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge; antonym (v) trickle, 4. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster. akort tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air, concord, harmony, note, consonance, music, sound, (v) adjust, regulate, chant, attune, string. akraba 1. kin; synonyms (n) family, kindred, folk, house, clan, gender, stock, folks, tribe, connection, kinsmen, affinity, consanguinity, kinfolk, kinsfolk, 2. related; synonyms (adj) germane, cognate, relevant, similar, akin, allied, associated, collateral, connected, consanguineous, pertinent, like, near, analogous, appropriate; antonym (adj) unrelated, 3. relation (ilişki); synonyms (n) account, narration, recital, association, description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond, narrative, reference, relationship, relative, (v) report, 4. relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, (n) relation, brother, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. akrabalık 1. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport, relation, relationship, semblance, penchant, agreement, attachment, conformity, connection, 2. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n) league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation, club; antonym (n) nonalignment, 3. blood (kan); synonyms (n) ancestry, birth, gore, descent, family, lineage, origin, beau, bloodshed, consanguinity, coxcomb, exquisite, extraction, (adj) humor, juice, 4. relationship; synonyms (n) ratio, correlation, friendship, kinship, link, kin, proportion, tie, brotherhood, affair, dependency, reference, relations, account, acquaintance. akran 1. equal (eşit); synonyms (adj) agree, comparable, adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, (v) match, compare, correspond, even, parallel, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v) differ, 2. fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade, (n) companion, associate, boy, equal, brother, chap, colleague, buddy, dude, dog, counterpart, escort, beau, (v) concomitant, 3. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) competition, couple, duplicate, bout, contest, (v) mate, meet, accord, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit, pair, coincide; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 4. contemporary (Modern); synonyms (adj) contemporaneous, modern, current, new, present, recent, up-to-date,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English topical, existing, fashionable, fresh, simultaneous, coetaneous, cotemporary, (n) coeval; antonyms (adj) past, old, old-fashioned. akşam 1. evening; synonyms (n) even, dusk, dark, eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset, twilight, night, sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak, 2. night (gece); synonyms (n) evening, darkness, nighttime, (adj) nocturnal; antonyms (n) day, light. aksan accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect, emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, accentuation, articulation, intonation, pronunciation, (v) emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate, pronounce. aksatmak disturb; synonyms (v) agitate, disconcert, disorder, disquiet, distract, distress, perturb, trouble, annoy, bother, commove, concern, derange, disarrange, discompose; antonyms (v) arrange, calm, please, smooth, soothe. aksetme reflection (yansıma); synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection, image, repercussion, animadversion. aksetmek echo (yankı); synonyms (n) answer, repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, (v) repeat, reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound, ape, copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate. aksettirmek mirror (ayna); synonyms (n) echo, model, exemplar, (v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect, represent, reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern, cynosure. aksi 1. opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 2. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered, 3. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) reversal; antonym (n) front, 4. evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 5. contrary; synonyms (adj) conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant, unfriendly, balky, headstrong, disagreeable, (n) antithesis. aksilik bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury,

13

indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred.

aksiyon share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay, paylaşmak); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense, divide, partition; antonym (v) control. aktarma 1. transfer (aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold, keep, 2. quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract, mention, excerpt, passage, reference, quote, example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit, 3. connection (bağ, bağlantı); synonyms (n) bond, communication, attachment, concatenation, joint, bearing, affiliation, alliance, association, conjunction, knot, link, combination, affinity, coherence; antonym (n) disconnection. aktarmak 1. transfer (aktarma); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold, keep, 2. quote; synonyms (v) cite, mention, name, exemplify, retell, present, refer, (n) adduce, excerpt, extract, quotation, citation, passage, price, (adj) illustrate. aktif 1. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) energetic, alert, busy, diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble, strong, agile, alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible, healthy; antonyms (adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish, idle, latent, lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet, 2. assets; synonyms (n) property, belongings, capital, funds, means, resources, wealth, finances, resource, estate, money, possession, possessions, acquit, income. aktör actor; synonyms (n) doer, player, agent, comedian, thespian, artist, artiste, entertainer, histrion, impersonator, mimic, participant, (v) performer. aktris actress; synonyms (n) actor, player, artist, entertainer, musician, recitalist. akü battery (batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia. akümülatör battery (akü, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia. akustik acoustic; synonyms (adj) acoustical, aural, phonic, hearing, sensory, (v) auditory, auricular. akut acute; synonyms (adj) sharp, incisive, intense, keen, penetrating, critical, piercing, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acrid, acuate, (v) high; antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

14

Turkish - English

Akvaryum aquarium; synonyms (n) vivarium, (v) fishery. al 1. red (kırmızı, kızıl); synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody, inflamed, 2. scarlet; synonyms (adj) red, (n) vermilion. alacaklı creditor; synonyms (n) debtee, lienor. alaka interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal, affect; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore. alakadar 1. interested; synonyms (adj) concerned, curious, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, attentive; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested, 2. concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious, careful, interested, thoughtful, apprehensive, considerate, nervous, solicitous, worried, affected, caring, fearful, troubled, uneasy, upset; antonyms (adj) unconcerned, uncaring, unfeeling. alakalı interested; synonyms (adj) concerned, curious, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, attentive; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested. alakarga jay; synonyms (n) chough, crow, jackdaw, raven, rook, (v) magpie, parrot, poll. alamet 1. sign (im, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. mark; synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed, impression, sign, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, cachet, die, earmark, form, hallmark, (v) print, cast, impress, trample, punch, shape, note, emboss, mint. alan 1. field (saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. area; synonyms (n) region, size, width, expanse, field, neighborhood, breadth, district, extent, land, room, scope, space, zone, dimension, 3. domain; synonyms (n) country, kingdom, province, ambit, demesne, empire, county, class, dominion, estate, line, manor, orbit, subject, territory, 4. space (aralık, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) length, gap, opening, period, void, margin, distance, emptiness, interval, latitude, location, volume, berth, blank, (v) separate, 5. range (erim); synonyms (n) array, reach, (v) arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad, classify, dispose, go, grade, 6. extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension, amplitude, amount, bulk, boundary, gauge, measure, purview, quantity, spread, capacity, depth, limit, mass, 7.

compass (pusula); synonyms (n) circle, circumference, circuit, gamut, periphery, sweep, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend, seize, surround, (adv) beset, 8. square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, equitable, (n) foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just, 9. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) drift, oscilloscope, chance, play, freedom, leeway, opportunity, outlook, scale, aim, purpose, liberty, (v) view, intention, object, 10. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet, dissertation, lot, plot, belt, stretch, track, tractate, treatise, discourse, exposition, parcel, park, patch, 11. sphere; synonyms (n) ball, globe, ring, orb, bowl, firmament, heavens, jurisdiction, sector, welkin, world, empyrean, function, lookout, responsibility, 12. court (avlu); synonyms (n) forum, bar, close, tribunal, judicatory, passage, judge, courtroom, courtyard, hall, (v) woo, attract, invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun, 13. zone (bölge); synonyms (n) locality, quarter, layer, division, bed, climate, clime, course, cycle, rundle, stratum, (v) partition, subdivide, 14. realm; synonyms (n) nation, commonwealth, monarchy, state, principality, reign, soil, 15. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) overtake, obtain, attain, extend, make, pass, touch, form, arrive, contact, give, hit, (n) fetch, gain, catch, 16. pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) dip, slant, slope, angle, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch. alarm alarm; synonyms (n) dismay, alert, consternation, affright, apprehension, fright, terror, unrest, warning, (v) awe, scare, agitate, horrify, panic, startle; antonyms (v) calm, comfort. alay 1. regiment; synonyms (n) army, battalion, corps, host, brigade, division, (v) control, 2. irony; synonyms (n) sarcasm, ridicule, banter, humor, raillery, derision, mockery, quiz, (adj) satire, burlesque; antonym (n) exaggeration. albüm album; synonyms (n) record, portfolio, recording, volume, anthology, disc, book, collection, compilation, set, vinyl, depository, index, memento, miscellany. alçak 1. low; synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high, 2. base (baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg, stand, (adj) bottom, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, bad, despicable, foul, infamous, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 3. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, indicate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (adj) middle, hateful, medium, miserly, beggarly,

close, dirty, (n) average, cheap; antonyms (adj) generous, kind. alçakgönüllü 1. modest; synonyms (adj) humble, bashful, diffident, lowly, moderate, gentle, chaste, decent, low, meek, small, unassuming, unobtrusive, distant, coy; antonyms (adj) arrogant, conceited, elaborate, pompous, pretentious, proud, self-important, showy, spectacular, boastful, conspicuous, grand, immodest, ostentatious, 2. humble; synonyms (adj) base, docile, modest, baseborn, ignoble, (v) degrade, demean, disgrace, abase, debase, humiliate, mortify, conquer, depress, (n) dishonor; antonyms (adj) haughty, imposing, impressive, snooty. alçalmak 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) set, descend, drop, fell, bury, decay, flag, founder, lower, settle, subside, languish, (adj) immerse; antonym (v) float. alçı plaster (yakı); synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear. aldanma deception; synonyms (n) deceit, illusion, trick, betrayal, delusion, fake, pretense, bluff, artifice, cheating, con, duplicity, fallacy, falsehood, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty. aldatma 1. deception (aldanma); synonyms (n) deceit, illusion, trick, betrayal, delusion, fake, pretense, bluff, artifice, cheating, con, duplicity, fallacy, falsehood, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty, 2. imposition; synonyms (n) deception, exaction, imposture, demand, hoax, fraud, infliction, swindle, tax, wile, enforcement. aldatmak 1. trick; synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 2. fox (tilki); synonyms (n) dodger, slyboots, (v) confound, confuse, fob, bewilder, fuddle, bedevil, befuddle, discombobulate, 3. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver; antonym (v) buy. aldırışsız indifferent (ilgisiz, kayıtsız); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised. aldırmak mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget.

15

aldırmamak ignore; synonyms (v) fail, neglect, cut, discount, disregard, forget, omit, snub, overrule, dismiss, overlook, rebuff, shun, disobey, eliminate; antonyms (v) acknowledge, observe, honor, react. aldırmazlık indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n) apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion, favorite, sympathy. alelacele hastily; synonyms (adv) fast, hurriedly, precipitately, promptly, rapidly, helter-skelter, carelessly, impetuously, imprudently, quickly, rashly, speedily, suddenly, thoughtlessly, (adj) headlong; antonyms (adv) slowly, carefully. alelade 1. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, average, familiar, mediocre, usual, commonplace, everyday, habitual, normal, mean, banal, (n) common, customary, accustomed, (v) general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special, distinguished, famous, 2. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, vulgar, base, ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial, prosaic, poor, collective, communal, (n) commons; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent, 3. usual; synonyms (adj) conventional, routine, prevalent, natural, prevailing, stock, typical, traditional, accepted, chronic, expected, set, (n) regular, (v) frequent, wonted; antonyms (adj) unconventional, abnormal. alem 1. kingdom; synonyms (n) country, domain, realm, dominion, empire, state, nation, territory, area, department, land, monarchy, reign, 2. world (dünya); synonyms (n) cosmos, nature, universe, creation, public, sphere, society, globe, humanity, life, macrocosm, mankind, people, existence, (adj) global, 3. universe (evren); synonyms (n) world, population, space. alenen 1. openly; synonyms (adv) frankly, freely, candidly, publicly, directly, clearly, evidently, honestly, ingenuously, bluntly, obviously, overtly, patently, plainly, (adj) manifestly; antonyms (adv) secretly, clandestinely, furtively, mysteriously, secretively, ambiguously, covertly, reticently, 2. publicly; synonyms (adv) openly, publically, formally, authoritatively, beforehand, communally, first, generally, legitimately, paravant, collectively. aleni public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj) common, national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal. alesta ready; synonyms (adj) fit, prompt, quick, nimble, apt, deft, disposed, finished, handy, (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

16

Turkish - English

prepare, fix, willing, (n) available, dexterous, eager; antonyms (adj) unprepared, unwilling. alet 1. instrument (araç); synonyms (n) channel, deed, agency, apparatus, appliance, document, expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine, means, (v) implement, 2. implement (araç); synonyms (v) execute, fulfil, accomplish, apply, enforce, fulfill, complete, perform, discharge, realize, (n) utensil, instrument, gadget, organ, contrivance, 3. tool (araç); synonyms (n) machine, puppet, cock, creature, medium, animal, marionette, pecker, prick, shaft, (v) drive, joyride, 4. organ; synonyms (n) member, limb, harmonium, part, journal, 5. means (araç); synonyms (n) assets, capital, funds, income, manner, method, process, property, resource, resources, substance, way, wealth, wherewithal, road, 6. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, design, dodge, machination, mechanism, plot, ruse, scheme, 7. apparatus; synonyms (n) plant, tackle, equipment, machinery, outfit, rig, rigging, setup, tools, 8. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, container, craft, duct, jar, vas, bowl, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, bottle. alev 1. flame; synonyms (n) blaze, fire, ardour, burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor, glare, fervour, (v) burn, flash, flare, (adj) flush, glow, sweetheart, 2. blaze; synonyms (n) flame, light, hell, scintillation, blazing, brightness, brilliance, conflagration, (v) beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, heat, kindle, coruscate, 3. fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, explode, bonfire, (v) excite, eject, dismiss, ignite, expel, animate, arouse, inflame, provoke, sack, shoot; antonym (v) hire. alevlenmek flame (alev); synonyms (n) blaze, fire, ardour, burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor, glare, fervour, (v) burn, flash, flare, (adj) flush, glow, sweetheart. aleyhinde versus; synonyms (prep) anti, about, concerning, (adv) against, counter. aleyhtar opponent; synonyms (n) enemy, antagonist, adversary, competitor, foe, contrary, contestant, foeman, opposition, match, opposer, opposite, rival, challenger, (adj) opposing; antonyms (n) ally, supporter, follower. alfa alpha; synonyms (n) start, origin, beginning, initial, dawn, genesis. alfabe script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy, hand, book, handwriting, copy, document, inscription, lettering, letters, text, treatment, writing, playscript, record. algı perception; synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, idea, notion, discernment, feeling, impression, insight, comprehension, acumen, awareness, image, observation, penetration, sensation.

algılamak sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish. algoritma algorithm; synonyms (n) algorism, discovery, (v) dactylonomy, rhabdology. alıcı 1. buyer; synonyms (n) purchaser, client, customer, consumer, emptor, shopper, user, vendee, patron; antonyms (n) seller, vendor, 2. customer (müşteri); synonyms (n) buyer, guest, fellow, passenger, person, spender, 3. client (müşteri, müvekkil), 4. receiver; synonyms (n) recipient, beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset, liquidator, collector, phone, telephone, matrass, questor; antonym (n) donor, 5. purchaser; synonym (n) punter, 6. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid. alıkoyma detention; synonyms (n) delay, arrest, custody, confinement, apprehension, captivity, detainment, constraint, capture, detain, hold, imprisonment, incarceration, internment, (v) keep; antonyms (n) freedom, release. alıkoymak 1. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 2. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, (n) halt, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 3. delay (gecikme, geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, deferment, wait, deferral, extension, holdup, interruption, (v) defer, postpone, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate, hinder, (adj) linger; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 4. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, carry, support, cling, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch, handle; antonym (v) release, 5. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, bide, dwell, lodge, persist, sojourn, (n) postponement, reprieve, (adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. alim learned; synonyms (v) knowing, (adj) erudite, educated, enlightened, knowledgeable, wise, academic, scholarly, bookish, cultured, intellectual, lettered, literary, studious, informed; antonyms (adj) ignorant, innate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English alım purchase (satın almak); synonyms (n) acquisition, bargain, leverage, acquirement, grip, hold, (v) buy, get, obtain, contract, acquire, bribe, gain, procure, take; antonyms (n) transaction, (v) sell. alımlı attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable, appealing, charming, engaging, good-looking, tempting, adorable, delightful, enchanting, fascinating, glamorous, gorgeous, handsome, interesting; antonyms (adj) unattractive, ugly, unappealing, disgusting, repellent, revolting, repulsive, straight, unpleasant. alın 1. brow; synonyms (n) peak, brink, height, crown, edge, eyebrow, forehead, front, rim, summit, top, verge, landing, 2. forehead; synonyms (n) brow, foreland, mut, phiz, physiognomy, visage, assurance, hilltop, supercilium, (adv) foremost. alındı 1. acknowledgement; synonyms (n) acceptance, acknowledgment, recognition, acclaim, preferment, realisation, realization, 2. receipt; synonyms (n) reception, acquittance, check, recipe, ticket, revenue, certificate, profit, account, invoice, voucher, contrivance, expedient, invention, (v) acknowledge; antonym (n) dispatch. alındılamak acknowledge; synonyms (v) accept, avow, confess, recognize, own, profess, admit, appreciate, concede, declare, notice, affirm, agree, answer, confirm; antonyms (v) deny, ignore, overlook, reject. alıngan 1. susceptible; synonyms (adj) impressionable, receptive, responsive, sensitive, subject, liable, delicate, pliable, susceptive, vulnerable, irritable, open, amenable, exposed, impressible; antonyms (adj) resistant, unsusceptible, 2. sensitive; synonyms (adj) excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful, emotional, gentle, perceptive, susceptible, nice, nervous, exquisite, considerate, keen, raw; antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted, tactless, thick-skinned. alıntı quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract, mention, excerpt, passage, reference, quote, example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit. alınyazısı fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion, accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate, destruction. alış receiving; synonyms (adj) accepting, admitting, recipient, acceptant, liberal, suscipient, (n) receipt, getting, reception, acceptance, taking, recipiency, delivery, receptiveness, unloading; antonym (n) dispatch. alışılmış 1. usual; synonyms (adj) common, ordinary, accustomed, habitual, average, everyday, familiar, general, normal, conventional, routine, public, (n) customary, regular, (v) frequent; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, abnormal, extraordinary,

17

2. customary; synonyms (adj) usual, commonplace, traditional, wonted, current, natural, orthodox, prescriptive, prevailing, stock, typical, accepted, set, 3. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, mediocre, mean, banal, indifferent, inferior, medium, dull, fair, household, humble, mundane, pedestrian, prosaic, (v) inconspicuous; antonyms (adj) incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special, distinguished, famous, 4. familiar; synonyms (adj) close, conversant, intimate, easy, acquainted, chummy, dear, free, friendly, popular, thick, (n) companion, comrade, associate, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown. alışkanlık 1. habit; synonyms (n) custom, clothing, attire, character, convention, dress, garb, practice, ritual, use, addiction, clothes, disposition, apparel, constitution, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, usage, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, rule, tax, usance, (v) accustom, trade, (adj) bespoke, 3. practice; synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, experience, form, application, employment, performance, process, work, behavior, (v) drill, act, apply, rehearse, exert. alışmak adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj) dress, (n) square. alıştırma 1. exercise; synonyms (n) practice, employment, application, discipline, play, movement, action, activity, (v) drill, apply, employ, use, exert, train, educate, 2. drill (matkap); synonyms (n) exercise, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, preparation, (v) bore, coach, inculcate, instruct, perforate, pierce, tap, habituate, penetrate, 3. practice; synonyms (n) fashion, convention, experience, habit, form, observance, performance, process, rule, usage, work, behavior, (v) custom, act, rehearse. alıştırmak 1. adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj) dress, (n) square, 2. school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify, teach, 3. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate, 4. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, form, caravan, (v) aim, direct, exercise, trail, tail, tame, drill, prepare, school, domesticate, practice. alışveriş 1. dealing; synonyms (n) commerce, trade, transaction, deal, exchange, business, concern, conduct, dealings, distribution, handling, traffic,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

18

Turkish - English

barter, 2. traffic (trafik); synonyms (n) dealing, interchange, intercourse, travel, industry, occupation, patronage, (v) bargain, truck, custom, employment, 3. trade; synonyms (n) swap, switch, clientele, craft, profession, calling, job, market, handicraft, (v) change, merchandise, sell, swop, peddle, (adj) commercial; antonyms (n) purchase, (adj) charitable. alkış hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant. alkol alcohol; synonyms (n) drink, juice, intoxicant, drinkable, firewater, potable, essence, gas, gasohol, gasoline, inebriant, nitromethane, oil, petrol, (v) alcoholism. alkolsüz soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp, balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong. Allah 1. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator, 2. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate, begin; antonym (n) mother. allahaısmarladık goodbye; synonyms (int) ciao, (n) adieu, bye, farewell, adios, cheerio, valediction, departure, exit, (adj) parting. alma 1. reception (kabul, resepsiyon); synonyms (n) receipt, acceptance, admission, entertainment, greeting, party, receiving, adoption, getting, salutation, acceptation, comprehension, admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree, 2. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, get, hold, adopt, bear, carry, catch, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, (n) seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose, 3. taking; synonyms (adj) fetching, infectious, attractive, contagious, winning, catching, (n) capture, acharnement. almaç receiver (alıcı); synonyms (n) recipient, beneficiary, cashier, earpiece, headset, liquidator, collector, phone, telephone, matrass, questor; antonym (n) donor.

almak 1. get (elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 2. receive (kabul etmek); synonyms (v) accept, admit, get, assume, adopt, bear, have, obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather, greet, hear, 3. take; synonyms (v) hold, carry, clutch, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, claim, convey, demand, grab, interpret, require, (n) seize, (phr) receive; antonyms (v) refuse, abstain, add, 4.

accept (kabul etmek, onaylamak); synonyms (v) recognize, abide, accede, acquiesce, believe,

yield, agree, approve, assent, consent, espouse, reconcile, suffer, suppose, tolerate; antonyms (v) reject, deny, snub, oppose, renounce, resist, 5. have; synonyms (v) contain, possess, eat, allow, conduct, consume, do, find, let, sustain, exert, entertain, contract, use, harbor, 6. buy (satın almak); synonyms (v) bribe, shop, corrupt, procure, trade, cheap, requisition, secure, (n) bargain, purchase, acquisition, deal; antonym (v) sell, 7. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, charm, haul, lure, (n) allure, attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 8. obtain; synonyms (v) accomplish, effect, collect, extract, prevail, extort, compass, draw, enlist, incur, reap, stand, win, complete, can, 9. derive; synonyms (v) deduce, stem, deduct, result, conclude, descend, educe, elicit, evolve, infer, originate, spring, clear, arise, emanate, 10. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, passage, (v) abstract, distill, express, cull, distil, mine, remove, squeeze, 11. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure, adhere, comprise, arrest, confine, delay, maintain, retain, support, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, handle; antonym (v) release, 12. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, assure, ensure, fast, guarantee, guard, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe. alo hello (merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting, hi, howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail. alp hero (kahraman); synonyms (n) champion, character, leader, protector, worthy, protagonist, warrior, bomber, celebrity, combatant, conqueror, defender, fighter. alt 1. bottom (dip, kıç); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. lower; synonyms (adj) debase, inferior, (v) degrade, diminish, frown, humble, dip, abase, cut, descend, drop, scowl, disgrace, decrease, (n) depress; antonyms (v) increase, raise, 3. child (çocuk); synonyms (n) baby, boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, juvenile, kid, minor, toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp; antonym (n) adult, 4. inferior; synonyms (adj) bad, secondary, subordinate, poor, cheap, junior, lesser, petty, feeble, coarse, common, vulgar, contemptible, ignoble, (prep) below; antonyms (adj) better, choice, excellent, first-rate, high-class, premium, (n) superior, superscript, 5. underneath; synonyms (prep) under, (adv) beneath, (n) bottom, (adj) down.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English alternatif alternative (seçenek); synonyms (adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) option, choice, preference, selection, substitute, variation. altı six; synonyms (n) sise, sixer, hexad, sestet, sextet, sextuplet, ace, assize, bigness, bulk, eight, jack, king, knave, magnitude. altın 1. gold; synonyms (n) money, riches, wealth, treasure, yellow, amber, (adj) aureate, gilded, gilt, golden, 2. golden; synonyms (adj) fortunate, auspicious, gold, lucky, advantageous, fair, favorable, favored. altına 1. underneath; synonyms (prep) below, under, (adv) beneath, (n) bottom, (adj) down, inferior, 2. under; synonyms (adv) underneath, downstairs, infra, (adj) lower, nether, low, subject, subordinate, lowest; antonym (prep) over. altında 1. below (aşağı, aşağıda); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over, 2. underneath; synonyms (prep) below, (n) bottom, (adj) inferior, 3. under; synonyms (adj) lower, nether, subject, subordinate, lowest, 4.

beneath. altından underneath; synonyms (prep) below, under, (adv) beneath, (n) bottom, (adj) down, inferior. altlık mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley. altmış sixty; synonyms (adj) lx, threescore, (n) lux. altta below (aşağı, aşağıda); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over. altyapı infrastructure; synonyms (n) base, foundation, basis, groundwork, substructure, alkali, bag, cornerstone, fabric, floor, foot, footing, fundament, grounds, home. alüminyum aluminium; synonym (n) aluminum. ama 1. but (ancak, fakat); synonyms (conj) while, (adv) alone, only, though, barely, however, merely, simply, yet, exclusively, if, just, (prep) besides, except, excluding, 2. yet (henüz); synonyms (adv) but, notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, further, hitherto, eventually, unless, always, more, finally, (conj) nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, (adj) erewhile. amaç 1. intent (niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose, spirit, drift, 2. purpose (maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) plan, mind, effect, end, purport, resolve, motive, determination, function, intent, objective, (v) project, object, intend, propose, 3. objective (hedef, nesnel, objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, accusative, impersonal, neutral,

19

unbiased, unprejudiced, (n) mark, ambition, target, point; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 4. aim (gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) trend, will, bearing, cause, direction, (v) direct, address, endeavor, aspire, strive, turn, attempt, drive, lay, (adj) tend, 5. object (nesne); synonyms (n) matter, subject, substance, reason, thing, being, destination, (v) except, complain, demur, remonstrate, argue, protest, carp, disagree; antonym (v) agree, 6. target (hedef); synonyms (n) butt, focus, prey, limit, mug, quarry, sucker, (v) level, grade, place, 7. goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) basket, aspiration, finish, home, mission, wish, (v) bound, 8. intention (kasıt, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) animus, conception, motivation, contemplation, scheme, scope, sense, thought, destiny, 9. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 10. meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) gist, implication, essence, connotation, content, significance, interpretation, explanation, importance, moral, overtone, tenor, understanding, value, construction, 11. end (bitirmek, bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n) close, closure, conclusion, death, demise, tail, period, border, completion, edge, (v) cease, complete, discontinue, conclude, closing; antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 12. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) drawing, arrangement, device, contrivance, copy, blueprint, pattern, (v) conceive, contrive, sketch, construct, arrange, contemplate, invent, model; antonym (n) chance, 13. use (kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom, practice, benefit, habit, application, (v) exercise, employ, employment, expend, profit, advantage, exploit, occupy, operate, (adj) usage; antonym (v) conserve, 14. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) peak, nib, article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, detail, height, hint, moment, position, tip, (v) head, 15. view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene, outlook, prospect, aspect, notion, show, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 16. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach, domain, purview, room, expanse, area, compass, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth, dimension, (v) view. amaçlamak 1. intend; synonyms (v) aim, design, destine, mean, determine, contemplate, denote, plan, purpose, consider, believe, import, calculate, conceive, designate, 2. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, imply, involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, abject, beggarly, (n) average,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

20

Turkish - English

contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind, 3. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish, leave, (n) volition, command, desire, inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking. amaçsız pointless; synonyms (adj) meaningless, flat, aimless, blunt, futile, needless, purposeless, senseless, worthless, dull, fruitless, inane, ineffectual, otiose, silly; antonyms (adj) meaningful, worthwhile. aman 1. mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity, forgiveness, grace, humanity, leniency, pardon, benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter; antonym (n) blame, 2. quarter (çeyrek); synonyms (n) area, part, district, division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction, portion, quart, (v) place, lodge, line, put, accommodate. amansız ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless, pitiless, inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless, ferocious, brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable, relentless, unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms (adj) merciful, charitable, kind, gentle. amatör amateur; synonyms (adj) amateurish, inexpert, unskilled, inexperienced, untrained, unqualified, (n) novice, beginner, fan, apprentice, aspirant, devotee, lover, greenhorn; antonyms (adj) practiced, (n) professional, expert. ambalaj package (paket); synonyms (n) bundle, pack, packaging, packet, parcel, carton, container, collection, (v) box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap. ambar 1. warehouse; synonyms (n) store, storehouse, godown, depository, depot, repository, entrepot, promptuary, (v) magazine, shop, 2. store (depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, supply, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 3. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have, arrest, carry, confine, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym (v) release, 4. bin (kutu); synonyms (n) bunker, binful, box, case, container, silo, closet, locker, basket, casket, trashcan, carton, cellaret, commode, (v) discard, 5. storage (depolama); synonyms (n) conservation, memory, preservation, retention, accumulation, reposition, warehousing. ambulans ambulance; synonyms (n) brancard, crate, hurdle, litter, stretcher, rescue, transport. amca uncle; synonym (n) pawnbroker.

amel 1. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 2. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, activity, agency, battle, effect,

engagement, fight, movement, performance, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, plot, (v) combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 3. diarrhoea; synonyms (n) diarrhea, flux. amele 1. worker; synonyms (n) employee, hand, proletarian, workman, actor, doer, drudge, help, operator, practitioner, prole, 2. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant, provide. ameli practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable, efficient, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, expedient, handy, positive, sensible, useful, workable; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, useless, impossible. ameliyat operation (operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job. amir 1. chief (ana, baş); synonyms (adj) head, principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential, first, main, (n) administrator, boss, captain, executive, leader, paramount; antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 2. commander; synonyms (n) chief, commandant, governor, chieftain, conductor, master, skipper, 3. boss (patron); synonyms (n) overseer, superior, ruler, director, foreman, manager, stud, superintendent, supervisor, (v) administer, govern, direct, manage, run, command. amme public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj) common, national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal. amortisman redemption; synonyms (n) ransom, atonement, salvation, discharge, expiation, buyback, performance, repurchase, fulfillment, acquittal, observance, recompense, release, reparation, rescue. an 1. moment; synonyms (n) importance, consequence, flash, instant, jiffy, minute, import, bit, second, time, weight, hour, matter, juncture, magnitude, 2. instant; synonyms (adj) immediate, present, exigent, prompt, clamant, crying, current, imperative, insistent, instantaneous, (n) moment, point, tick, (v) pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj) gradual, long-term, 3. minute (dakika); synonyms (n) note, memorandum, (adj) little, delicate, microscopic, atomic, careful, circumstantial, diminutive, elaborate, fine, infinitesimal, miniature, particular, small; antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, big, gigantic, 4. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten, dart.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

21

ana 1. main; synonyms (adj) chief, grand, great, head,

anahtar 1. key (tuş); synonyms (adj) central,

leading, essential, principal, basic, capital, central, first, key, major, (n) cardinal, ocean; antonyms (adj) minor, auxiliary, secondary, supplementary, 2. master (baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, boss, leader, gentleman, authority, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original, ace, expert, proficient, 3. chief (baş); synonyms (adj) arch, main, primary, sovereign, dominant, especial, foremost, (n) administrator, executive, paramount, superior, top, chieftain, commander, director; antonym (adj) associate, 4. major (büyük); synonyms (adj) large, considerable, master, grave, fundamental, higher, important, overriding, senior, serious, vital, greater, crucial, extensive, hefty; antonyms (adj) unimportant, lesser, petty, slight, 5. principal; synonyms (adj) prime, big, predominant, staple, supreme, best, necessary, premier, prevailing, (n) manager, corpus, general, lead, dealer, dean, 6. basic (temel); synonyms (adj) initial, primordial, basal, base, bottom, introductory, plain, primitive, simple, beginning, crude, elementary, radical, rudimentary, underlying; antonyms (adj) complex, extra, 7. mother (anne); synonyms (n) mamma, parent, (v) father, beget, engender, generate, care, sire, fuss, get, 8. primary (birincil); synonyms (adj) preliminary, primal, aboriginal, primeval, highest, early, direct, elemental, firsthand, opening, ultimate, uppermost, earliest, (n) election, powwow, 9. key (anahtar, tuş); synonyms (adj) significant, (n) guide, handle, clue, legend, clef, password, solution, answer, bolt, note, lever, opener, clew, (v) identify, 10. fundamental; synonyms (adj) indispensable, inherent, core, intrinsic, material, native, organic, axiomatic, effective, (n) basis, root, principle, 11. central (merkezi); synonyms (adj) inner, pivotal, centrical, critical, focal, halfway, intermediate, median, middle, inside, (n) umbilical, exchange; antonyms (adj) peripheral, regional, tangential, 12. leading; synonyms (adj) outstanding, prominent, star, forward, advance, eminent, ruling, famous, winning, (n) leadership, guidance, (adv) ahead, 13. capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, resources, wealth, wherewithal, center, chapiter, (adj) dandy, excellent, exquisite, 14. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) gorgeous, dignified, elevated, exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful, high, massive, brilliant, fine, heroic, huge, (n) glorious, noble; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest. anabilgisayar mainframe; synonyms (n) computer, processor, management, laptop, notebook, supercomputer, workstation.

fundamental, basic, cardinal, essential, chief, important, principal, (n) guide, handle, clue, legend, clef, password, (v) identify, 2. switch; synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace, 3. clue; synonyms (n) clew, cue, hint, sign, signal, suggestion, token, evidence, indication, inkling, key, pointer, information, (v) tip. anahtarlama switching; synonyms (n) switch, shift, shunting, replacement, shifting, break, chemise, coupling, displacement, fault, fracture, permutation, sack, shimmy, slip. anahtarlamak switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace. anakara continent (kıta); synonyms (n) land, delta, peninsula, area, boundary, capacity, circle, (adj) chaste, celibate, abstemious, pure, temperate, abstinent, sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent. anal anal; synonyms (adj) delicat, delicate, demanding, exacting, fastidious, finical, finicky, meticulous, nice, podical, strict, dainty, difficult, fussy, lickerish. analist analyst; synonyms (n) psychoanalyst, analyzer, expert, psychiatrist, examiner, commentator, accountant, authority, chemist, counselor, critic, detective, forecaster, investigator, observer. analitik analytical; synonyms (adj) analytic, critical, curious, inquisitive, logical, methodical, rational, systematic; antonym (adj) illogical. analiz analysis (çözümleme); synonyms (n) anatomy, breakdown, decomposition, inquiry, inspection, investigation, psychoanalysis, resolution, review, scrutiny, study, exploration, calculation, diagnosis, examination; antonym (n) synthesis.

analoji analogy (benzerlik, örnekseme); synonyms (n) semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity. anamal capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, paramount, prime, resources, (adj) main, primary, chief, great. anayasa constitution; synonyms (n) composition, code, makeup, organization, temperament, build, foundation, character, charter, construction, disposition, formation, law, structure, (adj) nature. anayasal constitutional; synonyms (adj) congenital, essential, inherent, intrinsic, legal, organic, constituent, constitutive, inborn, inbuilt, innate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

22

Turkish - English

integral, lawful, (n) walk, journey; antonym (adj) unconstitutional. anayol highway; synonyms (n) road, highroad, way, course, path, route, street, thoroughfare. ancak 1. but (ama, fakat); synonyms (conj) while, (adv) alone, only, though, barely, however, merely, simply, yet, exclusively, if, just, (prep) besides, except, excluding, 2. hardly; synonyms (adv) scarcely, rarely, seldom, hard, little, narrowly, scarce, severely, slightly; antonym (adv) completely, 3. barely; synonyms (adv) hardly, purely, scantily, solely, absolutely; antonym (adv) almost, 4. only; synonyms (adv) but, entirely, exactly, nevertheless, singly, (adj) exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole, all, solitary, matchless, single, singular, 5. however; synonyms (adv) although, anyway, how, nonetheless, notwithstanding, anyhow, still, (conj) albeit, even, eventually, (adj) howsoever, 6. scarcely; synonyms (adv) scantly, precisely, 7. just; synonyms (adv) newly, (adj) fair, right, correct, equitable, accurate, honest, impartial, fit, good, reasonable, righteous, upright, appropriate, definite; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong, 8. solely; synonym (adv) wholly, 9. nevertheless; synonyms (adv) regardless, withal, (conj) howbeit, nathless, 10. merely, 11. simply; synonyms (adv) directly, easily, plainly, plain, honestly, manifestly, obviously, openly, clearly, sincerely, straightforwardly, ingenuously, innocently, naively, naturally; antonym (adv) elaborately, 12. yet (henüz); synonyms (adv) further, hitherto, unless, always, more, finally, heretofore, till, until, (n) already, (adj) erewhile. angajman engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, appointment, commitment, conflict, contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, (v) action. ani sudden; synonyms (adj) abrupt, hasty, precipitous, quick, rash, unexpected, steep, dramatic, headlong, immediate, precipitate, sharp, swift, unforeseen, impulsive; antonyms (adj) gradual, considered. anı memory (bellek, hafıza, hatıra); synonyms (n) memento, recall, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, remembering, retention, retrospect, storage, store, recognition, retrospection, (v) mind. aniden 1. short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 2. suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short, sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast, instantly, sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj) quickly, immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv) gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly, 3. sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter,

intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. anımsamak 1. remember (hatırlamak); synonyms (v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect, consider, record, remind, retain, think, review, ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v) forget, 2. recall; synonyms (v) retrieve, countermand, remember, repeal, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, cancel, recant, (n) anamnesis, memory, return, annulment, recollection. anıt 1. monument (abide); synonyms (n) memorial, headstone, column, record, tombstone, shrine, slab, tablet, landmark, statue, (adj) obelisk, pillar, 2. memorial; synonyms (n) commemoration, remembrance, memento, cenotaph, monument, epitaph, memory, token, (adj) commemorative. anket poll; synonyms (n) election, head, ballot, vote, crown, pate, inquiry, (v) canvass, parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster, research, survey. anlak intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion. anlam 1. meaning; synonyms (n) import, gist, implication, intent, design, essence, aim, connotation, consequence, content, intention, significance, drift, effect, interpretation, 2. significance; synonyms (n) sense, meaning, moment, purport, concern, importance, point, weight, matter, interest, emphasis, gravity, magnitude, seriousness, signification; antonyms (n) insignificance, triviality, 3. sense (duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, reason, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 4. effect (etki, sonuç); synonyms (n) product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do, bring, carry, execute, induce, 5. construction; synonyms (n) building, fabrication, formation, structure, assembly, fabric, frame, organization, production, arrangement, constitution, creation, edifice, make, making; antonym (n) destruction, 6. import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) value, betoken, substance, core, express, worth, denotation, export, (v) denote, imply, introduce, mean, spell, indicate, intend, 7. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 8. point

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level. anlama 1. comprehension; synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, understanding, wit, capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation, discernment, insight, notion; antonyms (n) misunderstanding, incomprehension, 2. understanding (anlaşma); synonyms (n) intellect, mind, reason, comprehension, agreement, bargain, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy, arrangement, contract, meaning, (v) recognition, (adj) tolerant; antonyms (n) ignorance, bewilderment, disbelief. anlamak 1. understand; synonyms (v) interpret, recognize, catch, hear, learn, realize, see, appreciate, assume, believe, comprehend, construe, deduce, gather, grasp; antonyms (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand, 2. see (görmek); synonyms (v) look, feel, discover, behold, consider, deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice, apprehend, ascertain, envision, (adj) observe, perceive, 3. appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem, prize, treasure, value, appraise, fathom, acknowledge, admire, apprize, cherish, enjoy, estimate, like, respect, (adj) understand; antonyms (v) depreciate, scorn, 4. discover; synonyms (v) disclose, find, detect, determine, divulge, expose, impart, trace, descry, betray, declare, devise, identify, invent, locate, 5. get (almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture, cause; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 6. realize (gerçekleştirmek); synonyms (v) fulfill, perform, accomplish, complete, execute, make, sense, obtain, effect, discharge, clear, do, get, reach, conceive, 7. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, finger, handle, endure, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture, air, impression, 8. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope, area, circle, circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit, boundary, capacity, circuit, expanse, (v) round, (adv) beset, 9. grasp; synonyms (n) grip, clasp, clutch, clinch, appreciation, apprehension, clutches, comprehension, (v) embrace, grapple, cling, grab, clench, compass, dig; antonym (v) release, 10. distinguish; synonyms (v) discriminate, describe, characterize, classify, difference, differentiate, separate, tell, contrast, honor, mark, secern, signalize, spot, dignify; antonym (v) confuse, 11. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, hook, ensnare, intercept, snatch, trap, attract, block, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, pawl, snap, collar, 12. dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, excavate, investigate,

23

probe, drudge, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab, taunt, crack; antonym (n) compliment, 13.

accept (almak, kabul etmek, onaylamak); synonyms (v) receive, admit, abide, accede, acquiesce, adopt, yield, agree, approve, assent, bear, consent, espouse, have, reconcile; antonyms (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, oppose, renounce, resist, 14. read (okumak); synonyms (v) decipher, indicate, say, demonstrate, display, examine, explain, peruse, record, register, scan, show, study, translate, check, 15. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, idea, notion, reason, understanding, purport, (v) intellect, mind, scent, brains; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish. anlamlı 1. significant (önemli); synonyms (adj) important, material, momentous, grave, meaningful, serious, critical, emphatic, expressive, indicative, major, pregnant, relevant, (v) considerable, influential; antonyms (adj) insignificant, minor, unimportant, small, trivial, 2. meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) import, gist, implication, intent, design, essence, aim, connotation, consequence, content, intention, significance, drift, effect, interpretation, 3. meaningful; synonyms (adj) eloquent, significant, weighty, pointed, big, meaty, vital; antonyms (adj) empty, worthless, meaningless. anlamsız 1. absurd (saçma); synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable, irrational, crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible, inept, ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical, outrageous, senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2. blank (boş, boşluk); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj) animated, full, expressive, 3. meaningless; synonyms (adj) insignificant, futile, hollow, pointless, stupid, useless, worthless, absurd, inane, needless, purposeless, vain, silly; antonym (adj) meaningful, 4. pointless; synonyms (adj) flat, aimless, blunt, fruitless, ineffectual, otiose, insipid, irrelevant, gratuitous, obtuse, superfluous, unnecessary, commonplace; antonym (adj) worthwhile. anlaşılan apparently; synonyms (adv) seemingly, clearly, evidently, manifestly, obviously, ostensibly, patently, allegedly, noticeably, plain, plainly, presumably, probably, supposedly, visibly.

anlaşılır 1. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

24

Turkish - English

confusing, (v) convict, 2. understandable; synonyms (adj) comprehensible, intelligible, apprehensible, graspable, plain, obvious, clear, evident, lucid, comprehendible, excusable, legible, perceivable, reasonable, simple; antonyms (adj) indefensible, inexcusable, unintelligible, illegible, inexplicable, unpardonable. anlaşılmaz 1. deep; synonyms (adj) thick, profound, absorbed, abstruse, broad, dark, rich, sound, strong, wide, esoteric, bright, large, abysmal, (v) intense; antonyms (adj) shallow, superficial, high, high-pitched, light, soft, weak, 2. vague; synonyms (adj) indeterminate, indistinct, obscure, ambiguous, faint, indefinite, uncertain, undefined, undetermined, feeble, dim, fuzzy, hazy, (v) loose, equivocal; antonyms (adj) clear, definite, distinct, exact, particular, precise, specific, sure. anlaşma 1. deal; synonyms (n) bargain, buy, agreement, arrangement, covenant, trade, (v) administer, allot, apportion, conduct, contract, cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n) purchase, 2. accord (ahenk); synonyms (n) assent, consensus, harmony, consonance, (v) agree, concord, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 3. agreement; synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence, accordance, coincidence, acceptance, appointment, compliance, confirmation, conformity, correspondence, settlement, unison, deed, concordance, concurrence; antonyms (n) argument, rejection, dispute, resistance, 4. understanding; synonyms (n) intellect, mind, reason, appreciation, comprehension, apprehension, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy, grasp, insight, knowledge, (v) intelligence, discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance, bewilderment, disbelief, 5. covenant; synonyms (n) compact, bond, pact, testament, convention, transaction, stipulation, treaty, concordat, (v) promise, vow, pledge, undertake, engage, stipulate, 6. bargain; synonyms (n) chaffer, steal, dealing, discount, negotiation, sale, understanding, (v) exchange, traffic, barter, dicker, negotiate, swap, confer, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 7. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n) nonalignment, 8. arrangement; synonyms (n) order, adjustment, array, classification, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation, composition, construction, contrivance, disposal, 9. contract; synonyms (n) charter, (v) concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, diminish, lessen, bind, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch, 10. pact;

synonyms (n) alliance, engagement, 11. composition; synonyms (n) constitution, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, composing, compost, compound, makeup, piece, production, structure, architecture, composite, assembly, 12. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, colony, hamlet, payment, conclusion, resolution, determination, colonization, establishment, liquidation, village, reconciliation, regulation, colonisation, compensation. anlaşmak 1. agree; synonyms (v) accord, admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, accede, bargain, concord, correspond, fit, harmonize, suit, compromise, align, (n) coincide; antonyms (v) disagree, oppose, differ, argue, object, refuse, refute, 2. cotton (pamuk); synonyms (n) thread, yarn, cord, fiber, string, affinity, bombace, packthread, rapport, strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle, fawn, (adj) exceptional, 3. settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, agree, conclude, decide, determine, drop, (adj) confirm. anlaşmazlık 1. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat, fight, battle, contention, contest, dispute, encounter, action, antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, engagement, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree, 2. disagreement; synonyms (n) discrepancy, conflict, discord, dissidence, argument, dissension, scrap, variance, altercation, contradiction, contrariety, controversy, debate, dissent, divergence, 3. difference (fark); synonyms (n) deviation, change, distinction, dissimilarity, quarrel, departure, balance, breach, margin, contrast, disparity, inequality, alteration, (v) differentiate, discriminate; antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance, sameness, similarity, concurrence. anlatım expression (deyim, ifade); synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, language; antonym (n) repression. anlatmak 1. relate; synonyms (v) connect, narrate, recount, associate, link, tell, appertain, apply, describe, detail, pertain, recite, refer, rehearse, report, 2. tell (söylemek); synonyms (v) relate, declare, divulge, express, impart, reveal, explain, announce, command, communicate, distinguish, enumerate, inform, (n) disclose, count; antonym (v) request, 3. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, demonstrate, display, mean, say, (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial, clear, exact, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, vague, 4. explain (açıklamak); synonyms (v) comment, elucidate, interpret, account, clarify, decipher, define, enlighten, excuse, explicate, expound, gloss, solve, annotate, answer; antonym (v) confuse, 5. report (rapor); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English description, gossip, notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, story, intelligence, bulletin; antonym (n) fact. anlayış 1. apprehension (korku); synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, confidence, calmness, 2. comprehension; synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, wit, capacity, familiarity, acumen, discernment, insight, notion, reason, sense; antonyms (n) misunderstanding, incomprehension, 3. understanding (anlaşma); synonyms (n) intellect, mind, agreement, bargain, deal, judgment, sympathy, arrangement, contract, meaning, accord, covenant, head, (v) recognition, (adj) tolerant; antonyms (n) ignorance, bewilderment, disbelief, 4. insight; synonyms (n) vision, penetration, perception, brainwave, acquaintance, idea, acuteness, clairvoyance, foresight, ken, awareness, brainstorm, experience, light, 5. conception (fikir); synonyms (n) concept, creation, thought, view, belief, design, fancy, image, imagination, impression, invention, initiation, conceit, construct, inkling; antonym (n) misconception, 6. intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) information, cleverness, news, tidings, brain, brains, mentality, notice, sharpness, wisdom, genius, aptitude, communication, quickness, astuteness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 7. wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag, humorist, satire, repartee, sagacity, nous, humour, joker, pleasantry, comedian, mood, salt, (adj) irony, sarcasm; antonym (n) tragedy, 8. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) sensation, logic, feeling, purport, gist, import, intent, intuition, opinion, purpose, sensibility, (v) feel, perceive, scent, detect; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, foolishness, gibberish. anlayışlı 1. understanding (anlaşma); synonyms (n) intellect, mind, reason, appreciation, comprehension, agreement, apprehension, bargain, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy, arrangement, (v) intelligence, discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance, bewilderment, disbelief, 2. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, (adv) fast; antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull. anlayışsız blind (kör, kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted.

25

anma mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint, observe, commend, adduce, advert, note, notice, (n) comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference. anmak 1. mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint, observe, commend, adduce, advert, note, notice, (n) comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference,

2. remember (anımsamak, hatırlamak); synonyms (v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect, consider, record, remind, retain, think, review, ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, memorialize; antonym (v) forget. anne 1. mother; synonyms (n) mamma, parent, (v) father, beget, engender, generate, care, sire, fuss, get, 2. mummy; synonyms (n) mama, mammy, mom, momma, mommy, mum, mater, am, milliampere, secrecy, skeleton, (v) shrivel, 3. mum; synonyms (n) mother, mummy, (adj) silent, dumb, mute, quiet, taciturn, 4. ma.

anneanne grandmother (büyükanne, nine); synonyms (n) gran, grandma, granny, crone, grandam, grannie, mother, dam, grandmamma, beldame, mamma, materfamilias, matriarch. anonim 1. anonymous; synonyms (adj) nameless, unknown, unnamed, unidentified, authorless, unacknowledged, undisclosed, unspecified, incognito, unfamiliar, hidden, indefinite, mysterious, nondescript, private; antonym (adj) known, 2. incorporated; synonyms (adj) corporate, incorporate, united, integrated, combined, embodied, built-in, merged, unified, amalgamated. anons announcement (duyuru, ilan); synonyms (n) annunciation, notice, advertisement, declaration, communication, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, release, report, statement, intimation, bill, ad, assertion. anormal abnormal; synonyms (adj) aberrant, anomalous, atypical, irregular, monstrous, odd, perverted, strange, uncommon, unnatural, unusual, perverse, improper, preternatural, grotesque; antonyms (adj) normal, typical, usual. ansızın suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short, sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast, instantly, sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj) quickly, immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv) gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly. ant oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse, expletive, malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge, promise, swearing, assurance, adjuration, asseveration, blasphemy, agreement, sacrament, swearword. anten aerial; synonyms (adj) airy, aery, ethereal, unreal, insubstantial, aeriform, (n) antenna. antik antique (antika); synonyms (adj) ancient, old, antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian, antediluvian, musty, outmoded, quaint, outdated, archaic, demode, (n) relic, antiquity; antonyms (n) new, modern.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

26

Turkish - English

antika 1. antique; synonyms (adj) ancient, old, antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian, antediluvian, musty, outmoded, quaint, outdated, archaic, demode, (n) relic, antiquity; antonyms (n) new, modern, 2. curiosity (merak); synonyms (n) wonder, curio, curiousness, interest, oddity, rarity, nosiness, prying, prodigy, marvel, novelty, peculiarity. antikor antibody; synonyms (n) antitoxin, germ, ab. antre 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission, access, entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway, threshold, accession, (v) enchant, captivate, charm, bewitch, enrapture, fascinate; antonyms (n) departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. entry (giriş); synonyms (n) entrance, article, entree, hall, record, enrollment, entering, entranceway, entryway, gateway, incursion, note, opening, register, gate. antrenman training (Eğitim); synonyms (n) education, instruction, breeding, practice, preparation, teaching, exercise, discipline, nurture, drill, schooling, experience, workout, culture, coaching. antrenör 1. trainer; synonyms (n) coach, teacher, instructor, mentor, professor, tutor, cavalier, don, equestrian, horseman, jockey, rider, roughrider, (v) preparer, 2. coach; synonyms (n) trainer, autobus, bus, carriage, charabanc, stagecoach, cart, director, lecturer, manager, (v) train, educate, groom, instruct, (adj) prime. antropoloji anthropology; synonyms (n) anthroposophy, entomology, helminthology, herpetology, ichthyology, malacology, mastology, ophiology, ornithology, oryctology, paleontology, vermeology, folklore, sociology. apaçık obvious; synonyms (adj) clear, visible, apparent, conspicuous, distinct, evident, flagrant, open, blatant, discernible, glaring, manifest, marked, noticeable, perceptible; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, obscure, hidden, imperceptible, unclear, undetectable, concealed, slight, subtle. apandis appendix (ek); synonyms (n) addition, adjunct, addendum, annex, appendage, accessory, (v) supplement. apre size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness. apse gathering; synonyms (n) assembly, accumulation, collection, concourse, assemblage, congregation, crowd, compilation, convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch, bevy. aptal 1. dumb; synonyms (adj) mute, dense, dim, dull, silent, speechless, inarticulate, obtuse, slow, stupid, idiotic, quiet, taciturn, thick, voiceless, 2. stupid (ahmak); synonyms (adj) foolish, silly, fatuous, ridiculous, senseless, crass, insane, childish,

pointless, unreasonable, booby, (n) simple, absurd, dullard, idiot; antonyms (adj) sensible, bright, clever, intelligent, shrewd, wise, 3. foolish (akılsız); synonyms (adj) crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dumb, preposterous, unwise, anserine, dopy, dotty, imprudent, irrational, ludicrous, mad, nonsensical; antonyms (adj) prudent, visionary, 4. idiot; synonyms (n) dolt, dunce, dimwit, moron, ass, cretin, imbecile, oaf, changeling, dumbbell, halfwit, innocent, jerk, natural. ara 1. intermediate (orta); synonyms (adj) average, medium, mean, mediate, mid, middle, moderate, central, halfway, median, mediocre, (v) intercede, interjacent, intercurrent, (n) intermediary, 2. interval (aralık); synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, break, distance, interlude, hiatus, gap, interim, pause, period, respite, span, length, cessation, rest, 3. space (alan, aralık, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) opening, place, scope, void, margin, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude, location, range, room, field, volume, berth, 4. interim; synonyms (adj) temporary, transitory, acting, impermanent, provisional, transient, concomitance, concurrence, (n) lag, while, (adv) meantime; antonym (adj) permanent, 5. search (aramak); synonyms (n) hunt, pursuit, examination, exploration, inquire, inquiry, inspection, study, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry, examine, explore, forage. araba 1. car (otomobil); synonyms (n) automobile, auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle, tramcar, coupe, jalopy, gondola, machine, motorcar, railcar, limousine, 2. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, walk, (v) bearing. arabellek buffer (tampon); synonyms (n) safeguard, pad, protection, bumper, fender, shield, block, (v) cushion. arabirim interface; synonyms (n) link, port, boundary, junction, border, circumference, communication, display, (v) contact, combine, connect, merge, amalgamate, collaborate, communicate. araç 1. means; synonyms (n) expedient, agency, instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds, income, manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium, method, process, 2. tool (alet); synonyms (n) implement, machine, puppet, pawn, gadget, apparatus, appliance, cock, creature, organ, means, animal, marionette, (v) drive, joyride, 3. implement (alet); synonyms (v) execute, fulfil, accomplish, apply, enforce, fulfill, complete, perform, discharge, realize, do, effect, (n) tool, utensil, thing, 4. instrument (alet); synonyms (n) deed, document, gear, engine, intermediary, mechanism, muniment, way, conduit, factor, 5. medium (orta, ortam); synonyms (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English intermediate, fair, mid, middle, middling, moderate, (n) average, mediocre, mean, atmosphere, go-between, vehicle, environment, mediocrity, spiritualist, 6. vehicle; synonyms (n) automobile, transport, carrier, transportation, car, intermedium, intervention, mediation, platform, 7. organ; synonyms (n) member, limb, harmonium, part, journal. aracı 1. intermediate (ara, orta); synonyms (adj) average, medium, mean, mediate, mid, middle, moderate, central, halfway, median, mediocre, (v) intercede, interjacent, intercurrent, (n) intermediary, 2. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker, deputy, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer, envoy, means, procurator, (v) actor. aracılık 1. intervention (araya girme); synonyms (n) intercession, interference, intermediation, intervene, arbitration, hindrance, intermission, (adj) mediation, interposition, 2. agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, factor, instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, (v) action, act. araçlar media; synonyms (n) medium, medial, communications, middle. arada between (arasında); synonyms (prep) amid, among, amidst, amongst, connecting, concerning, inserted, interpolated, intervening, involving, linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj) middle, intermediate. aralarında between (arada, arasında); synonyms (prep) amid, among, amidst, amongst, connecting, concerning, inserted, interpolated, intervening, involving, linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj) middle, intermediate. aralık 1. interval; synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, break, distance, interlude, hiatus, gap, interim, pause, period, respite, span, length, cessation, rest, 2. gap (boşluk); synonyms (n) cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy, blank, chink, disparity, (v) breach, 3. space (alan, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) place, scope, void, margin, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude, location, range, room, field, volume, berth, (v) separate. aralıksız 1. on (üstünde); synonyms (prep) at, about, concerning, in, by, into, upon, for, above, (adv) forth, ahead, (adj) forward, aboard, (prf) along, against; antonym (adv) off, 2. continuous (sürekli); synonyms (adj) constant, continual, ceaseless, endless, perpetual, running, chronic, consecutive, continued, eternal, everlasting, incessant, unbroken, unending, uninterrupted; antonyms (adj) intermittent, temporary, discontinuous, sporadic. arama 1. search (aramak); synonyms (n) hunt, pursuit, examination, exploration, inquire, inquiry,

27

inspection, study, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry, examine, explore, forage, 2. quest; synonyms (n) investigation, chase, expedition, inquest, research, voyage, pursuance, seeking, (v) search, probe, demand, ask, request, seek, bay. aramak 1. seek; synonyms (v) search, attempt, endeavor, hunt, look, inquire, aspire, beg, explore, pursue, quest, investigate, research, follow, (n) ask, 2. search; synonyms (n) pursuit, examination, exploration, inquiry, inspection, study, hunting, investigation, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry, examine, forage, inspect, 3. call (bağırmak, çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 4. hunt (av, avlamak); synonyms (v) chase, course, hound, prey, dog, persecute, seek, stalk, trace, track, trail, comb, dig, run, scour, 5. quest; synonyms (n) expedition, inquest, voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey, mission, (v) probe, request, bay, bespeak, invite, 6. regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent, (n) grief, compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, disappointment. aranjman arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order, settlement, adjustment, array, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation, appointment. arasında between (arada); synonyms (prep) amid, among, amidst, amongst, connecting, concerning, inserted, interpolated, intervening, involving, linking, (adv) betwixt, atween, (adj) middle, intermediate. arasından through (içinden); synonyms (prep) for, per, along, because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough, via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed, complete, (prf) past. araştırıcı searching; synonyms (v) cutting, excruciating, consuming, corroding, (adj) piercing, inquisitive, probing, acute, curious, inquiring, profound, exploratory, penetrating, trenchant, explorative. araştırma 1. research (araştırmak); synonyms (n) exploration, inquiry, search, examination, investigation, hunt, inquisition, probe, quest, (v) check, explore, examine, investigate, study, experiment, 2. investigation; synonyms (n) research, analysis, inquest, inspection, scrutiny, review, investigating, trial, audit, interrogation, inquire, survey, test, indagation, question, 3. inquiry (sorgu, soruşturma); synonyms (n) enquiry, hearing, query, demand, request, application, doubt, 4. exploration; synonyms (n) discovery, expedition, reconnaissance, journey, 5. search (aramak); synonyms (n) pursuit, hunting, scrutinize, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

28

Turkish - English

forage, inspect, look, nose, scan, prospect, rake, ask, 6. study; synonyms (n) consideration, learning, meditation, sketch, contemplation, deliberation, (v) consider, learn, analyze, contemplate, meditate, ponder, practice, observe, reflect, 7. probe (sonda); synonyms (n) plumb, gauge, (v) fathom, penetrate, sound, pierce, canvass, delve, dig, quiz, seek, (adj) plummet, 8. quest; synonyms (n) chase, voyage, pursuance, seeking, mission, (v) bay, bespeak, invite. araştırmak 1. explore; synonyms (v) delve, examine, search, research, discover, hunt, investigate, plumb, probe, prospect, scrutinize, view, do, detect, spy, 2. investigate; synonyms (v) explore, inquire, inspect, check, ask, analyze, enquire, interrogate, study, test, try, audit, quiz, canvass, consider, 3. research (araştırma); synonyms (n) exploration, inquiry, examination, investigation, inquisition, quest, question, enquiry, inspection, pursuit, learning, query, (v) experiment, dig, survey, 4. search (aramak); synonyms (n) hunting, analysis, chase, lookup, scrutiny, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry, forage, look, nose, scan, rake, pursue, 5. probe (sonda); synonyms (n) inquest, gauge, (v) fathom, penetrate, sound, pierce, seek, (adj) plummet, 6. seek (aramak); synonyms (v) attempt, endeavor, aspire, beg, follow, demand, essay, request, strive, struggle, scour, court, aim, assay, crave, 7. quest; synonyms (n) expedition, voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey, mission, (v) bay, bespeak, invite. arayüz interface (arabirim); synonyms (n) link, port, boundary, junction, border, circumference, communication, display, (v) contact, combine, connect, merge, amalgamate, collaborate, communicate. araz symptom (belirti, semptom); synonyms (n) sign, indication, evidence, mark, note, manifestation, token, signal, characteristic, omen, exponent. arazi 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear; antonym (v) clean, 3. country (ülke); synonyms (n) home, area, commonwealth, place, region, territory, district, nationality, province, terrain, (adj) rural, rustic, public, provincial, arable; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 4. premises; synonyms (n) grounds, facts, lemma, terms, principle, station, property, proposition, 5. territory; synonyms (n) dominion, jurisdiction, expanse, possession, environment, habitat, sphere, community, section, space, colony,

county, empire, rule, sovereignty, 6. terrain; synonyms (n) topography, scenery. ardıl successor (halef); synonyms (n) heir, substitute, beneficiary, inheritor, offspring, replacement, scion, sequel; antonyms (n) forerunner, ancestor, precursor, predecessor. ardından after (sonra); synonyms (prep) following, since, (adv) later, beyond, next, subsequently, then, when, afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back, posterior, rear, subsequent. ardışık consecutive; synonyms (adj) successive, sequential, continuous, serial, straight, uninterrupted, continual, following, sequent; antonym (adj) concurrent. ardiye warehouse (ambar); synonyms (n) store, storehouse, godown, depository, depot, repository, entrepot, promptuary, (v) magazine, shop. arduvaz slate; synonyms (n) list, plank, platform, ballot, catalogue, (v) condemn, foolscap, paper, papyrus, parchment, censure, schedule, criticize, nominate, program. arena arena; synonyms (n) ring, battlefield, field, sphere, theater, amphitheater, area, platform, domain, region, scene, stadium, ground. arı 1. pure (saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. bee; synonyms (n) honeybee, ant, termite, caprice, fancy, freak, humor, mania, mosquito, notion, party, phobia, whim, (adj) barbecue, (v) fly, 3. clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep, wash, decontaminate; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute. arife eve; synonyms (n) evening, eventide, apex, cover, nightfall, sunset, top, lid, point, summit, verge, vertex. arılık purity (saflık); synonyms (n) innocence, holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor, virtue, perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity, elegance, integrity, blamelessness, clarity, simplicity; antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt. aristokrasi aristocracy; synonyms (n) gentility, gentry, nobility, aristarchy, elite, society, aristocrats, government, grandeur, magnanimousness, oligarchy, patriciate. arıtmak clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English arıza 1. fault (bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime,

delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 2. breakdown (bozulma, çökme); synonyms (n) collapse, fault, analysis, failure, ruin, defeat, downfall, fall, resolution, decay, smash, breakup, debacle, decomposition, (adj) fiasco, 3. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) shortcoming, imperfection, scar, dearth, deformity, foible, vice, want, default, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease, drawback, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity, 4. failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy, breakdown, decline, disappointment, disaster, loser, loss, abortion, dud, lapse, neglect, slip, repulse, crash, inability; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability, growth, 5. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please. arızalı defective (kusurlu); synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty, imperfect, broken, incomplete, lacking, unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate, incorrect; antonym (adj) perfect. ark 1. arc (yay); synonyms (n) arch, bow, bend, crescent, curvature, spark, sweep, (v) curve, 2. ditch; synonyms (n) trench, canal, channel, dike, drain, gutter, (v) abandon, chuck, desert, discard, dump, moat, cut, leave, scrap; antonym (v) keep. arka 1. back (geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance, 2. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) contrary, reversal, 3. supporter; synonyms (n) partisan, admirer, ally, backer, follower, friend, patron, sponsor, believer, benefactor, devotee, disciple, fan, help, helper; antonyms (n) opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic, 4. rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build; antonym (adj) fore. arkada behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv) backward, backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, (n) backside, bottom, buttocks, can, posterior, (adj) back, rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore. arkadaki back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance.

29

arkadaş 1. friend (ahbap, dost); synonyms (n) fellow, acquaintance, ally, colleague, crony, advocate, assistant, booster, buddy, mate, connection, wellwisher, (adj) associate, companion, comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe, stranger, rival, 2. companion; synonyms (n) peer, chum, partner, brother, attendant, consort, escort, familiar, friend, pal, playmate, boyfriend, chaperon, (v) accompany, (adj) accomplice, 3. chap; synonyms (n) person, blighter, crack, cranny, crevice, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, chink, cleft, cuss, fella, feller; antonym (n) woman, 4. fellow (adam); synonyms (n) boy, equal, chap, compeer, dude, dog, counterpart, confrere, match, swain, buster, gent, male, member, (v) concomitant, 5. ally; synonyms (n) confederate, accessory, adherent, auxiliary, supporter, (v) affiliate, align, support, band, connect, league, marry, relate, unite, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, opponent, 6. mate; synonyms (n) spouse, husband, wife, double, twin, lieutenant, pendant, tally, captain, (v) copulate, couple, pair, checkmate, correspond, join, 7. pal; synonyms (n) sidekick, confidant, intimate. arkadaşlık 1. friendship; synonyms (n) fellowship, association, affection, familiarity, amity, companionship, company, friendliness, intimacy, attachment, concord, comradeship, love, relationship, acquaintance; antonyms (n) enmity, hostility, 2. fellowship; synonyms (n) brotherhood, community, communion, camaraderie, society, body, club, family, fraternity, corporation, confederation, league, partnership, solidarity, (adj) intercourse, 3. company; synonyms (n) band, business, cohort, collection, brigade, assemblage, bevy, caller, companion, corps, crew, firm, troop, army, (v) accompany; antonym (n) solitude, 4. association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, link, syndicate, congress, meeting, coalition, combination, communication, conference, conjunction, contact, 5. society; synonyms (n) institution, public, circle, people, commonwealth, group, guild, order, folk, friendship, gild, organization, party, union, civilization. arkaplan background (arka plan); synonyms (n) backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context, education, environment, scene, backcloth, panorama, atmosphere, experience, ground, information, preparation. arkasında behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv) backward, backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, (n) backside, bottom, buttocks, can, posterior, (adj) back, rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore. arkasından after (sonra); synonyms (prep) following, since, (adv) later, beyond, next, subsequently, then,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

30

Turkish - English

when, afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back, posterior, rear, subsequent. arkeoloji archaeology; synonyms (n) archeology, palaetiology, paleology. arktik arctic; synonyms (adj) freezing, icy, polar, north, frigid, frosty, frozen, northern, cold, gelid, chilly, piercing, (v) glacial, boreal, wintry; antonym (adj) hot. armağan 1. gift (hediye); synonyms (n) donation, faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower, charity, aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow, (adj) endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n) inability, 2. present (hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, current, (n) gift, offering, (v) display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, exhibit; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent. armoni harmony (ahenk); synonyms (n) accord, conformity, consonance, agreement, concord, correspondence, accordance, congruity, consistency, amity, concordance, tune, understanding, (v) concert, peace; antonyms (n) dissonance, discord, argument, conflict, disagreement. arsa 1. plot; synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme, chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer, 2. lot (parti); synonyms (n) batch, destiny, fate, doom, fortune, portion, slice, allot, bunch, chance, circle, group, set, share, (v) deal, 3. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic. arsız 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest, 2. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering. arsızlık 1. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity, boldness, brass, face, impertinence, nerve, gall, impudence, insolence, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect, 2. sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning, garnish, billingsgate, salad, cheek, juice, flavoring, liquor, alcohol, mush, pap, paste, pulp, (v) please. art rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build; antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front. artalan background (arka plan); synonyms (n) backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context, education, environment, scene, backcloth,

panorama, atmosphere, experience, ground, information, preparation. artan remaining; synonyms (adj) left, leftover, odd, extra, surplus, other, enduring, lasting, permanent, remnant, residual, spare, outstanding, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) finished, spent. artı 1. plus; synonyms (prep) besides, with, including, (n) extra, advantage, addition, asset, gain, increase, quality, surplus, (adv) more, also, and, (adj) positive; antonyms (prep) minus, (n) disadvantage, 2. positive (olumlu, pozitif); synonyms (adj) absolute, certain, affirmative, confident, decisive, definite, direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible, peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, (n) actual; antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain, unsure, pessimistic, sad. artık 1. residual; synonyms (adj) remaining, leftover, residuary, (n) remnant, residue, balance, remainder, rest, difference, residuum, 2. remainder (bakiye, kalan); synonyms (n) excess, remain, end, overplus, oddment, leftovers, relic, remains, remnants, residual, scrap, surplus, ease, relics, 3. waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 4. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, bit, chip, clash, junk, piece, conflict, crumb, fleck, (v) quarrel, row, discard, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep, 5. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess, relaxation, leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt, intermission, (v) nap, sleep, lie, perch, abide; antonym (v) work, 6. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, balk, (n) garbage, waste, offal, debris, litter, leavings; antonym (v) accept. artıklık redundancy; synonyms (n) excess, redundance, diffuseness, verbiage, repetition, superabundance, superfluity, (v) pleonasm; antonym (n) employment. artırmak 1. increase (artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, 2. save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, hoard, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 3. raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, foster, promote, prefer, cultivate, exalt, excite, heave, heighten; antonym (v) lower. artış 1. increase (artırmak); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, 2. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, make, reach, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 3. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (v) fall, sink, descend, plummet, retire. artistik artistic; synonyms (adj) esthetic, aesthetic, elegant, ingenious, pleasing, attic, creative, imaginative, inventive, tasteful. artma 1. increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, 2. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, make, reach, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 3. accession; synonyms (n) acceptance, increase, access, accretion, agreement, arrival, assent, coming, entrance, increment. artmak increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate. arz 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. earth (dünya, toprak, yer, yeryüzü); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust, land, clay, lair, creation, ball, den, globe, hole, nature, orb, sphere, terra, 3. offer; synonyms (v) give, bestow, put, advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform, propose, tender, lay, (n) bid, proposal, go, proposition; antonyms (v) withdraw, refuse, 4. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip. arzu 1. will; synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish, leave, (n) volition, command, desire, inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, 2. desire (arzu etmek); synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim, choose, crave, like; antonyms (n)

31

aversion, reality, (v) dislike, hate, 3. wish; synonyms (v) please, bid, care, prefer, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) need, longing, purpose, request, urge, plan, thirst, 4. appetite; synonyms (n) appetence, appetency, relish, gusto, passion, stomach, taste, appetition, fondness, hunger, lust, penchant, zest, (v) demand, 5. want (istemek); synonyms (v) require, (n) lack, poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, destitution, indigence, necessity, penury, privation, shortage, pauperism. arzulamak 1. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish, craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim, choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, (v) dislike, hate, 2. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, leave, (n) volition, command, desire, inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, purpose, 3. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) like, please, bid, care, prefer, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) need, longing, request, urge, plan, thirst. as ace; synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso, wizard, adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot, outstanding, particle, point, super. asa staff; synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court, (v) crutch, prop, stick. asabi nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious, excitable, tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive, fearful, shy, uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, (adv) excited, agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave, relaxed. asabiyet frustration; synonyms (n) failure, defeat, disappointment, letdown, vexation, setback, check, disillusionment, anger, irritation, annoyance, dissatisfaction, foiling. aşağı 1. down; synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward, 2. below (aşağıda); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over, 3. inferior; synonyms (adj) bad, secondary, subordinate, humble, poor, cheap, junior, lesser, petty, base, feeble, coarse, common, vulgar, contemptible; antonyms (adj) better, choice, excellent, first-rate, high-class, premium, (n) superior, superscript. aşağıda 1. below (aşağı); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over, 2. downstairs; synonyms (adv) below, downward, downhill, (n) floor, (adj) downstair; antonym (adv) upstairs, 3. down (aşağı); synonyms (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, gloomy, (n) feather, fur,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

32

Turkish - English

fuzz, hair, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward. aşağıdaki following; synonyms (adj) consequent, next, ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later, posterior, succeeding, (v) consequential, (n) entourage, chase, followers, pursuit, (adv) under, after; antonym (adj) preceding.

aşağılık 1. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, evil, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous, unholy, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, hellish, iniquitous, nasty, naughty; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure. aşağısına under; synonyms (adv) below, beneath, underneath, downstairs, infra, (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject, subordinate, lowest; antonym (prep) over. aşağısında down (aşağı); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward. aşağıya 1. downstairs; synonyms (adv) down, beneath, below, downward, downhill, (n) floor, (adj) downstair; antonym (adv) upstairs, 2. down (aşağı); synonyms (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, gloomy, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, hair, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward. aşama 1. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym (adj) fresh, 2. phase (evre, faz, safha); synonyms (n) aspect, stage, facet, chapter, circumstance, condition, appearance, form, leg, level, period, side, situation, state, angle, 3. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena, layer, set, stadium, height, dais, era, platform, (v) present, mount, play, perform, 4. grade (derece); synonyms (n) rank, brand, category, gradient, score, slope, division, plane, caliber, extent, inclination, incline, (v) evaluate, appraise, even. asansör lift (kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear. asap nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) audacity, cheek, impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring, face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice.

asayiş order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition,

disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request. aşçı cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake, brew, make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach, roast, simmer, stew, coddle, heat. asgari 1. least (en küçük); synonyms (n) minimum, (adj) last, littlest, minimal, smallest, lowest, minutest, negligible, bottom, first, lest, vapid, atomic, feeblest, finical; antonyms (adv) most, (adj) maximum, 2. minimum (en az); synonyms (adj) least, hint, trace, nominal, tiniest, meager, minim, modicum, basic, essential, (n) atom, minion, dab, depth, dot. asi rebel (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurgent, nonconformist, anarchist, dissident, insurrectionist, traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise, disobey, revolt, rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer, rebellious; antonym (n) conformist. aşı shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor. aşık lover; synonyms (n) dear, darling, beau, devotee, fan, admirer, buff, love, beloved, amorist, man, pet, sweetheart, gallant, boyfriend.

aşikâr 1. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 2. explicit (açık); synonyms (adj) clear, unmistakable, broad, direct, exact, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic, transparent, express, obvious, plain, precise; antonyms (adj) tacit, understood, unspoken, implicit, bland, 3. evident (besbelli); synonyms (adj) conspicuous, discernible, patent, noticeable, marked, palpable, perceptible, tangible, unequivocal, visible, observable, bold, demonstrable, notable, candid; antonyms (adj) concealed, unnoticed, hidden, inconspicuous, 4. distinct (ayrı); synonyms (adj) articulate, different, discrete, distinctive, decided, dissimilar, clear-cut, audible, diverse, explicit, individual, intelligible, particular, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, inaudible, shapeless. asil noble; synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished, elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive, majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly. asıl 1. original (orijinal, özgün); synonyms (adj) first, authentic, native, new, primary, primitive, indigenous, aboriginal, creative, early, fresh,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English imaginative, inventive, (n) archetype, model; antonyms (adj) commonplace, banal, copied, corny, derivative, hackneyed, well-worn, conventional, resulting, unimaginative, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake, imitation, replica, 2. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, expert, 3. main (ana); synonyms (adj) grand, great, leading, essential, principal, basic, capital, central, key, major, paramount, prominent, (n) cardinal, ocean, sea; antonyms (adj) minor, auxiliary, secondary, supplementary, 4. actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, existent, indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, concrete, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed, 5. origin (başlangıç, kaynak, köken); synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root, source; antonym (n) end, 6. essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma, being, crux, gist, perfume, hypostasis, body, burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, 7. real (gerçek); synonyms (adj) material, physical, natural, pure, right, good, certain, honest, just, sincere, substantial, hearty, cordial, (adv) actually, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal, imaginary, apparent, artificial, bogus, deceptive, fantasy, insubstantial, mock, nominal, (v) pretend, 8. true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) faithful, even, correct, exact, straight, truthful, direct, loyal, proper, reliable, rightful, sound, lawful, legitimate, (v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue. asılı suspended; synonyms (adj) hanging, pendent, dormant, pendulous, abeyant, dangling, inactive, pendant. asılma suspension; synonyms (n) delay, interruption, abeyance, break, intermission, pause, recess, respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment, postponement, reprieve, stay, rest. asılmak 1. hang (asmak); synonyms (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, append, cling, decorate, execute, fall, flow, hover, swing, (n) suspend, delay, knack, 2. swing (salıncak); synonyms (n) sweep, range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, hang, rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate, dance, 3. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel. asılsız false (taklit, yanlış); synonyms (adj) bastard, counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous, artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless, fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true, real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural, truthful, honest, valid.

33

asilzade noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished, elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive, majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly. aşina familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common, conversant, customary, everyday, intimate, commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, (n) accustomed, companion, comrade, habitual, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown. aşinalık familiarity; synonyms (n) acquaintance, intimacy, casualness, closeness, experience, conversance, conversancy, knowledge, naturalness, nearness, fellowship, freedom, friendship, privity, understanding; antonyms (n) ignorance, unfamiliarity. aşındırma erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n) attrition, abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction, wear. aşındırmak eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour, consume, bite, dine, munch, corrode, deplete, drink, feed, finish, gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj) digest. aşınma 1. erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n) attrition, abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction, wear, 2. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. aşınmış worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj) haggard, shabby, tired, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn, jaded, exhausted, fatigued, careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, new. asır 1. century (yüzyıl); synonyms (n) age, centenary, hundred, centred, millennium, carbon, hecatomb, life, cocain, cocaine, coke, coulomb, lifetime, seniority, snow, 2. age (yaş); synonyms (n) period, aeon, day, era, time, cycle, years, antiquity, epoch, eternity, generation, (v) mature, grow, ripen, develop. aşiret tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan, house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind. aşırı 1. extreme; synonyms (adj) deep, excessive, enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, supreme, terrible, ultimate, utmost, uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, (n) edge, end; antonyms (adj) middle, reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 2. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate, bathe; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 3. unreasonable; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, extravagant, undue, preposterous, illogical, inordinate, irrational,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

34

Turkish - English

ridiculous, senseless, silly, unconscionable, unfair, impossible, invalid; antonym (adj) good-natured, 4. over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past, 5. excessive; synonyms (adj) exaggerated, extreme, exuberant, profuse, superfluous, unreasonable, huge, lavish, radical, redundant, over, disproportionate, monstrous, overly, (v) steep; antonym (adj) affordable. aşırılık excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional, (n) surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora, abundance, exaggeration, glut, overabundance, overindulgence, overplus, remainder, rest, superfluity; antonyms (n) lack, shortage, restraint, moderation, dearth, shortfall. aşırmak 1. steal (çalmak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift, purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch, plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, (n) bargain, 2. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, extract, remove, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis, resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 3. hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach. asistan assistant (yardımcı); synonyms (adj) ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, assist, subordinate, acolyte, accomplice, assistance, auxiliary, colleague, helper, adjutant, aide, associate, (v) aid. asit acid; synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic, bitter, caustic, sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting, pointed, sarcastic, acrimonious, astringent, biting, (v) tart; antonym (adj) sweet. aşk 1. love (sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, beloved, darling, devotion, honey, (v) cherish, enjoy, like; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor, 2. passion (tutku); synonyms (n) fury, feeling, fervor, fire, love, anger, craving, enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage, ire, adoration, appetite, (v) ardor; antonyms (n) apathy, indifference. asker 1. soldier; synonyms (n) fighter, warrior, champion, swordsman, adventurer, assassin, bottle, cutthroat, fencer, gangster, murderer, recruit, sworder, warfarer, airman, 2. army (ordu); synonyms (n) legion, troop, host, battery, battalion, brigade, crowd, flock, force, multitude, service, swarm, war, (adj) military, array, 3. private (özel); synonyms (adj) clandestine, confidential, personal, covert, hidden, individual, secret, inner, esoteric, exclusive, intimate, particular, domestic, interior, (v) close; antonyms

(adj) public, communal, community, nationalized,

official, state-owned, civic, shared, state. askeri military; synonyms (adj) martial, militant, warlike, soldierly, militaristic, (n) force; antonym (adj) civilian. askerlik service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. askı rack (raf); synonyms (n) manger, wrack, bracket, cage, stand, boot, ledge, (v) torture, excruciate, torment, afflict, agonize, pain, bedevil, crucify. askıda pending; synonyms (prep) during, awaiting, (adj) forthcoming, undecided, unresolved, unsettled, outstanding, hanging, looming, pendulous, suspended, considering, doubtful, (n) abeyance, (adv) while; antonym (adj) distant. asla never (hiçbir zaman); synonyms (adv) ne'er, nevermore, nor, tomorrow; antonym (adv) always. aslan lion; synonyms (n) celebrity, cat, curiosity, luminary, spectacle, name, notable, leader, magnate, (adj) hero, worthy, somebody, tiger, eminent, noted. asli actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed. aslında 1. actually; synonyms (adv) really, truly, quite, absolutely, presently, correctly, literally, authentically, right, physically, bodily, easily, effectually, indisputably, truthfully, 2. originally; synonyms (adv) primarily, primitively, firstly, initially, earlier, formerly, essentially, before, creatively, naturally, alternatively, autonomously, connaturally, eccentrically, freely, 3. basically; synonyms (adv) fundamentally, principally, virtually, inherently, originally, almost, broadly, clearly, commonly, generally, just, mainly, merely, mostly, nearly; antonym (adv) elaborately, 4. really (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) actually, honestly, genuinely, certainly, real, very, simply, practically, extremely, forsooth, highly, positively, exactly, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 5. primarily; synonyms (adv) chiefly, largely, especially, basically, 6. substantially; synonyms (adv) considerably, well, materially, firmly, amply, significantly, generously, markedly, noticeably; antonym (adv) slightly. asma 1. suspension; synonyms (n) delay, interruption, abeyance, break, intermission, pause, recess, respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment, postponement, reprieve, stay, rest, 2. hanging; synonyms (n) dangling, execution, suspension, curtain, (adj) pendant, pendent, suspended, pending, pendulous; antonym (adj) upright, 3. suspended; synonyms (adj) hanging, dormant, abeyant, inactive.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English asmak hang; synonyms (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, append, cling, decorate, execute, fall, flow, hover, swing, (n) suspend, delay, knack. aşmak 1. exceed; synonyms (v) beat, pass, surpass, outdo, surmount, transcend, cap, outshine, outweigh, overrun, top, excel, outgo, outmatch, (adj) better, 2. pass (geçiş, geçmek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 3. top (üst); synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative, (n) crown, peak, acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit, surface, brow, (v) best, head; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir. ast junior; synonyms (adj) subordinate, juvenile, minor, young, associate, puisne, lesser, lower, petty, secondary, younger, (n) inferior, boy, assistant; antonyms (adj) senior, chief. astarlamak line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order. astım asthma; synonym (n) anhelation. asude calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation. at 1. horse (beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake, gander, hart, 2. knight; synonyms (n) cavalier, horseman, horse, chevalier, knighthood, adventurer, diacetylmorphine, savior, lover, partisan, sawbuck, sawhorse, scag, (v) dub, nickname. ata 1. predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor, forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father, elder, precedent; antonyms (n) successor, descendant, 2. elder; synonyms (adj) older, big, adult, (n) senior, ancient, patriarch, boss, chief, superior, 3. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate, begin; antonym (n) mother. atama 1. appointment (randevu); synonyms (n) assignment, date, designation, engagement, fitting, post, rendezvous, berth, conference, election, assignation, commission, encounter, job, meeting, 2. assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, allotment, appointment, assigning, mission, apportionment, stint, business, chore, charge, consignment, duty, transfer, conveyance, delivery, 3. nomination; synonyms (n) return, delegation, (v) nuncupation. atamak 1. create (yaratmak); synonyms (v) cause, construct, make, constitute, produce, beget, breed,

35

build, compose, do, establish, form, generate, institute, start; antonyms (v) destroy, terminate, 2. constitute; synonyms (v) commission, appoint, comprise, be, create, found, name, nominate, ordain, organize, designate, configure, consist, enact, frame, 3. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board, mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment, charge, committee, duty, (v) assign, accredit, authorize, delegate, empower, 4. institute; synonyms (n) academy, association, establishment, foundation, institution, (v) fix, begin, bring, erect, initiate, base, ground, inaugurate, introduce, launch, 5. appoint; synonyms (v) prescribe, set, choose, depute, destine, elect, hire, allot, attach, allocate, call, command, consign, detail, employ. atasözü 1. saying; synonyms (v) proverb, (n) maxim, axiom, adage, saw, phrase, aphorism, byword, dictum, expression, idiom, motto, locution, apothegm, declaration, 2. saw (testere); synonyms (v) cut, (n) saying. ateş 1. fire; synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire, 2. blaze; synonyms (n) glare, burning, fire, light, hell, scintillation, combustion, (v) flash, beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, heat, (adj) burn, glow, 3. fever; synonyms (n) delirium, feverishness, frenzy, pyrexia, febricity, excitement, restlessness, craze, enthusiasm, pain, rage, disease, fury, lather, outburst, 4. temperature; synonyms (n) fever, warmth, breathing, climate, contemperature, heartbeat, pulse, weather, calefaction, (v) calmness, moderation, patience, sedateness, temperament, temperance, 5. glow; synonyms (n) color, sparkle, brilliance, effulgence, gleaming, luster, (v) blush, flush, gleam, glimmer, shine, flare, glint, glisten, glitter; antonym (n) dullness. ateşleme firing; synonyms (v) burst, (adj) combustible, (n) discharge, dismissal, fire, combustion, explosion, dismission, fuel, ignition, kindling, lighting, release, sack, sacking. ateşlemek fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire. ateşli 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot, angry, animated, burning, excited, fervent, fierce, earnest, amorous, eager, enthusiastic, excitable, (adv) fiery, (v) impetuous; antonyms (adj) apathetic, indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy, new, acrid, close, furious, gingery; antonyms (adj) cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

36

Turkish - English

atik alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile,

atlı rider; synonyms (n) horseman, appendix,

quick, aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever, alive, animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, sleepy, tired, asleep, slow, unalert, unconscious. atılgan 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest, 2. aggressive; synonyms (adj) belligerent, active, energetic, enterprising, hostile, invasive, offensive, pushy, warlike, strong, strenuous, assertive, dynamic, militant, pugnacious; antonyms (adj) peaceful, friendly, peaceable, passive, peace-loving, suspicious, 3. hardy; synonyms (adj) sturdy, hard, gallant, robust, stout, forcible, doughty, firm, mighty, resilient, tough, vigorous, fresh, (n) bold, rugged; antonym (adj) weak. atış 1. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, inject, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 3. throw (atmak); synonyms (v) cast, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass, deliver, drop, give, hurtle, jerk, (n) pitch, push, shot, 4. shooting; synonyms (v) hunting, coursing, (n) firing, gunfire, killing, murder, (adj) sharp, acute, piercing, 5. shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, careful, (n) throw, flinch; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. atlama 1. jump (atlamak); synonyms (v) hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. jumping; synonyms (v) bounding, salient, conspicuous, dancing, saltant, (n) jump, (adj) moving, active, festive, industrious, lively, merry, noisy, spirited, sprightly, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) fountain, source, jet, cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil, proceed, arise, issue, prance, rebound, (adj) elastic. atlamak jump (atlama); synonyms (v) hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall. atlatmak 1. escape (kaçmak); synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake.

equestrian, passenger, codicil, supplement, clause, provision, addition, condition, horse, proviso. atma 1. elimination (eleme); synonyms (n) cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance, (v) removal; antonyms (n) addition, establishment, 2. throw (atmak); synonyms (v) cast, fling, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass, deliver, drop, give, hurtle, (n) pitch, push, shot, 3. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) throw, form, stamp, shape, dump, figure, mould, pelt, assign, (n) appearance, casting, mold, type, build, air, 4. projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient. atmak 1. throw; synonyms (v) cast, fling, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass, deliver, drop, give, hurtle, (n) pitch, push, shot, 2. cast (kalıp); synonyms (v) throw, form, stamp, shape, dump, figure, mould, pelt, assign, (n) appearance, casting, mold, type, build, air, 3. pitch; synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, measure, angle, delivery, grade, (v) lurch, tilt, toss, careen, launch, erect, fall, 4. shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious, backward, careful, bashful, (n) flinch; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing, 5. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 6. blow (üflemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save, 7. discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, eject, cashier, burst, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty, exonerate; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 8. deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear, carry, rescue, abandon, bring, liberate, pronounce, render, return, utter, remit, announce, birth, (adj) bestow, 9. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 10. eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete, rid, annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish, obliterate, take, destroy, discard, dismiss, erase, except, 11. utter; synonyms (adj) absolute, extreme, (v) express, say, articulate, breathe, speak, state, tell, declare, emit, talk, voice, reveal, disclose; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 12. project (proje); synonyms (n) design, device, scheme, idea, enterprise, (v) plan, contrive, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, devise, extend, forecast, 13.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English send (göndermek, yollamak); synonyms (v) despatch, convey, dispatch, mail, post, divert, project, beam, channel, commit, direct, place, put, transmit, transport. atmosfer atmosphere; synonyms (n) air, ambience, ambiance, aura, environment, feel, feeling, mood, background, quality, climate, medium, setting, situation, surroundings. atmosferik atmospheric; synonyms (adj) aerial, atmospherical, retiring, light. atölye 1. workshop; synonyms (n) shop, factory, studio, workhouse, atelier, works, poorhouse, store, training, committee, induction, meeting, practicum, 2. studio (stüdyo); synonyms (n) cabinet, accommodation, building, bungalow, cottage, den, farmhouse, igloo, manor, mansion, terrace, villa, loft. atom atom; synonyms (n) jot, grain, molecule, particle, speck, mite, bit, corpuscle, crumb, mote, ace, iota. atomik atomic; synonyms (adj) minute, infinitesimal, nuclear, tiny, corpuscular, subatomic, thermonuclear, indivisible, minuscule, atomlike, compact, explosive, least, trivial, fissionable; antonyms (adj) conventional, gigantic. av 1. hunt (avlamak); synonyms (n) search, pursuit, quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound, forage, rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue, seek, stalk, 2. game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun, entertainment, competition, contest, diversion, match, play, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, brave, (v) bet, gamble, wager, 3. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab, pawl; antonym (v) release, 4. chase; synonyms (n) game, following, (v) hunt, expel, track, trail, chamfer, race, evict, drive, furrow, oust, shadow, shoot, (adj) emboss. avadanlık kit; synonyms (n) gear, outfit, equipment, stuff, fiddle, case, set, tackle, tools. avans advance (ilerleme, ilerlemek, ilerletmek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress. avantaj 1. advantage (üstünlük, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency, good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v) disadvantage, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist, help, advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm, 3. odds; synonyms (n) chance, likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap,

37

superiority, edge, (v) difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 4. edge (kenar); synonyms (n) boundary, margin, verge, blade, brink, extremity, bank, brim, butt, corner, limit, (v) border, bound, hem, line; antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 5. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. avare rover; synonyms (n) nomad, wanderer, rambler, ranger, roamer, traveler, vagabond, vagrant, itinerant, peregrinator. avarya average (ortalama); synonyms (adj) mean, median, fair, common, medium, middle, middling, normal, ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid, moderate, tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj) exceptional, extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v) maximum, minimum. avcı hunter; synonyms (n) chaser, huntsman, seeker, courser, woodman, driver, beast, cattle, charger, follower, forester, horse, nag, palfrey, racer. avcılık shooting; synonyms (v) shoot, hunting, coursing, (n) firing, gunfire, killing, shot, murder, (adj) sharp, acute, piercing. avlamak hunt (av); synonyms (n) search, pursuit, quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound, forage, rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue, seek, stalk. avlanmak hunt (av, avlamak); synonyms (n) search, pursuit, quest, (v) chase, course, follow, hound, forage, rummage, prey, dog, persecute, pursue, seek, stalk. avlu 1. courtyard; synonyms (n) court, yard, area, square, backyard, forecourt, 2. yard (yarda); synonyms (n) courtyard, garden, grounds, close, quadrangle, enclosure, beehive, bindery, chiliad, g, grand, m, nailery, pace, slip, 3. court; synonyms (n) forum, bar, field, tribunal, judicatory, passage, judge, courtroom, hall, judicature, (v) woo, attract, invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun. avrat wife (eş, karı); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband. Avuç palm (palmiye); synonyms (n) decoration, medal, prize, thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand, filch, bag, cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob. avukat 1. lawyer; synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, agent, representative, advisor, leguleian, beagle, brief, defender, fixer, mouthpiece, pettifogger, proctor, shyster, 2. attorney; synonyms (n) lawyer, counsel, counselor, factor, solicitor, auctioneer, underwriter, bailiff, clerk, go-between, investigator, secretary, beak, front, mugger, 3. solicitor; synonym (n) petitioner, 4. counsel (öğüt, öğüt

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

38

Turkish - English

vermek); synonyms (n) caution, advisement, admonition, consultation, exhortation, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn. avunma consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace, relief, balm, ease, succor, encouragement, solacement, alleviation, sympathy. avuntu 1. consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace, relief, balm, ease, succor, encouragement, solacement, alleviation, sympathy, 2. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) consolation, aid, amenity, assistance, support, convenience, luxury, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, console, encourage, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. avurt cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity, boldness, brass, face, impertinence, nerve, gall, impudence, insolence, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect. avutmak comfort; synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. ay 1. moon; synonyms (n) lunation, moonlight, moonshine, satellite, epoch, bootleg, (v) daydream, dream, fantasize, bemuse, gaze, glare, meditate, (adj) quicksilver, weathercock, 2. month; synonyms (n) moon, day, hour, minute, quarter, quinquennium, year, moneth, second, time, week. aya palm (palmiye); synonyms (n) decoration, medal, prize, thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand, filch, bag, cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob. ayak 1. foot; synonyms (n) bottom, base, feet, foundation, basis, footing, measure, paw, pes, bed, butt, floor, (v) hoof, pay, hand; antonym (n) top, 2. leg (bacak); synonyms (n) stage, blackleg, branch, peg, post, arm, column, limb, member, phase, rook, shank, support, fork, 3. pace (adım); synonyms (n) walk, rate, footstep, rapidity, speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat, cadence, (v) step, gait, stride; antonym (n) slowness. ayakkabı shoe; synonyms (n) boot, horseshoe, skid, clog, splint, spoke, sprit, base, stilts, stirrup, galoshes. ayaklanma 1. rebellion; synonyms (n) insurrection, mutiny, revolt, disobedience, uprising, defiance, outbreak, revolution, unrest, commotion, disorder, rebel, disturbance, insurgence, rising, 2. revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) repulsion, distaste, (v) disgust, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, repel, offend, repulse, appall, protest, rebellious, riot, rise, (adj) shock, 3. riot; synonyms (n) sedition, tumult, brawl, fight, fray, confusion, debauch, debauchery, orgy, trouble, mob, (v) carouse, (adj) hubbub, uproar, row, 4. rising; synonyms (adj) climbing, uphill, emergent, emerging, (n) ascending,

ascension, ascent, climb, advance, lift, upheaval, heave, raise, (adv) increasing, growing; antonyms (adj) plummeting, decreasing, plunging. ayaklanmak 1. rebel; synonyms (n) insurgent, nonconformist, anarchist, dissident, insurrectionist, traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise, disobey, revolt, rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer, rebellious; antonym (n) conformist, 2. revolt; synonyms (n) insurrection, uprising, revolution, repulsion, (v) disgust, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel, offend, repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock, 3. riot; synonyms (n) disturbance, commotion, disorder, sedition, tumult, brawl, fight, fray, confusion, debauch, debauchery, orgy, (v) carouse, (adj) hubbub, uproar. ayaklar feet; synonyms (n) fete, meter, rescue, arm, fact, performance, (v) legs, pegs, pins, trotters. ayaktopu 1. football (futbol); synonyms (n) soccer, hockey, note, baseball, basketball, footie, 2. soccer (futbol); synonyms (n) football, ball, gridiron. ayar 1. adjustment; synonyms (n) adaptation, accommodation, alteration, control, fit, settlement, allowance, arrangement, change, disposition, modification, standardization, agreement, amendment, (adj) adaption, 2. standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special, 3. accuracy (doğruluk); synonyms (n) fidelity, precision, truth, exactitude, exactness, reliability, care, closeness, correctness, faithfulness, meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n) inaccuracy, vagueness, imprecision, 4. gauge (ölçü); synonyms (n) caliber, gage, calibre, (v) estimate, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, appraise, evaluate, figure, 5. setting; synonyms (n) frame, scene, adjustment, scenery, backdrop, background, mount, position, environment, environs, location, mounting, place, scope, set. ayarlama 1. adjustment; synonyms (n) adaptation, accommodation, alteration, control, fit, settlement, allowance, arrangement, change, disposition, modification, standardization, agreement, amendment, (adj) adaption, 2. arrangement; synonyms (n) order, adjustment, array, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, appointment, accord, composition, construction, 3. regulation; synonyms (n) rule, law, government, canon, decree, ordinance, management, direction, conduct, act, formula, restriction, administration, code, (adj) precept; antonym (n) chaos. ayarlamak 1. adjust; synonyms (v) temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English dress, (n) square, 2. regulate; synonyms (v) adjust, manage, control, direct, order, determine, govern, influence, modulate, regularize, check, correct, decide, guide, (n) form, 3. set (grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) place, lay, put, locate, position, define, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot, party, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 4. tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air, concord, harmony, note, consonance, music, sound, tone, line, (v) chant, attune, string, 5. arrange (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) appoint, settle, pack, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, provide, straighten, display, design, dispose, (n) array; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 6. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, criterion, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise; antonym (v) descend. ayartma temptation; synonyms (n) enticement, lure, attraction, bait, allurement, invitation, seduction, inducement, allure, appeal, pull, decoy, fancy, fascination, influence; antonym (n) repulsion. ayaz frost; synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice. aybaşı period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time. aydın 1. intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental, rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal, cultured, brilliant, clever, (n) intellect, brain, scholar, thinker, mind, 2. educated; synonyms (v) instructed, (adj) erudite, enlightened, lettered, trained, informed, refined, taught; antonyms (adj) uneducated, ignorant. aydınlanmak dawn; synonyms (n) beginning, commencement, aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset, origin, prime, start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin, appear, (adj) daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset, twilight, (v) end, finish. aydınlatma lighting; synonyms (n) illumination, light, firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation, brightness, discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire, igniter, ignitor, installation, liberation. aydınlatmak light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. aydınlık 1. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. bright;

39

synonyms (adj) alive, apt, intelligent, vivid, beaming, brainy, brilliant, light, luminous, lustrous, shining, shiny, smart, sunny, gorgeous; antonyms (adj) dull, cloudy, dim, dreary, gloomy, stupid, unintelligent, overcast, shadowy, leaden, slow, thick, 3. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) opaque, unclear, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, illegible, imperceptible, (v) convict, 4. daylight; synonyms (n) day, dawn, daybreak, morning, sunrise, clearance, daytime, sunup; antonym (n) nighttime, 5. sunny; synonyms (adj) cheerful, gay, merry, blithe, radiant, happy, jovial, jolly, breezy, cheery, fine, joyful, pleasant, sunlit, burnished. ayet verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n) prose. aygır horse (at, beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake, gander, hart. aygıt 1. device; synonyms (n) contrivance, apparatus, appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, 2. apparatus; synonyms (n) device, implement, instrument, plant, tackle, equipment, gadget, gear, machine, machinery, mechanism, outfit, rig, rigging, setup, 3. instrument (alet, araç); synonyms (n) channel, deed, agency, document, pawn, tool, agent, engine, means, medium, creature, intermediary, muniment, organ, puppet. ayı bear (taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey. ayıbalığı seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal. ayıklamak 1. sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form, rank, variety, pattern, (v) class, group, arrange, classify, divide, (adj) manner, 2. pick (seçmek, toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower. ayıltmak sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid; antonym (adj) intoxicated. ayin 1. ceremony (tören); synonyms (n) formality, courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

40

Turkish - English

observance, ritual, service, 2. service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. ayıp 1. shame; synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor, 2. contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn, derision, disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule, shame, slight, discourtesy, disrepute, arrogance, defiance, disparagement, insolence; antonyms (n) respect, approval, 3. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw. ayıplama reflection (yansıma); synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection, image, repercussion, animadversion. ayıran selective (seçici, seçmeli); synonyms (adj) select, particular, discriminating, elective, exclusive, choosy, finicky, discerning, judicious, persnickety, fastidious, picky, eclectic, fussy, astute. ayırıcı trap (tuzak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick, entangle, capture. ayırma 1. isolation; synonyms (n) alienation, estrangement, insulation, privacy, dissociation, loneliness, seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation, segregation, separation, disaffection; antonyms (n) closeness, companionship, 2. allocation (tahsis etme); synonyms (n) allotment, portion, allowance, quota, share, grant, apportioning, apportionment, appropriation, assignment, distribution, measure, part, proportion, ration. ayırmak 1. separate (ayrı, bölmek); synonyms (adj) detached, (v) detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate, disconnect, discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, distinguish, divide; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate, 2.

appropriate (kendine mal etmek, uygun); synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper, true, agreeable, apposite, apt, congruous, correct, particular, peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, unrelated, untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 3. divide (bölmek); synonyms (v) distribute, apportion, dismember, dispense, separate, share, split, deal, carve, disjoint, allot, class, classify, cleave, (n) break, 4. split (bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst, breach, division, fork,

rift, rive, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft, parting, 5. reserve; synonyms (n) backup, modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness, informality, warmth, 6. allow (izin vermek); synonyms (v) acknowledge, accord, agree, give, grant, permit, accede, acquiesce, accept, afford, authorize, bear, consent, enable, (adj) admit; antonyms (v) forbid, prohibit, deny, reject, 7. distinguish; synonyms (v) discern, describe, know, perceive, discover, descry, behold, characterize, detect, difference, differentiate, identify, recognize, see, tell; antonym (v) confuse, 8. sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form, rank, variety, pattern, fashion, nature, order, (v) group, arrange, (adj) manner, 9. choose (seçmek); synonyms (v) elect, pick, prefer, select, appoint, take, assign, decide, desire, determine, draw, excerpt, like, vote, wish; antonym (v) refuse, 10. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj) concrete, 11. divorce; synonyms (n) separation, divorcement, (v) disunite, isolate, disassociate, sever; antonyms (n) marriage, wedding, 12. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article, character, component, portion, section, allotment, bit, element, factor, fragment, function, (v) branch, depart; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 13. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra. aykırı 1. inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous, incoherent, incompatible, contrary, absurd, conflicting, inconsequent, discordant, discrepant, erratic, illogical, irreconcilable, abhorrent, changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms (adj) consistent, constant, reliable, 2. contradictory; synonyms (adj) inconsistent, antagonistic, opposite, ironic, opposed, opposing, repugnant, confounding, divergent, unlike, (n) disagreeing, reverse; antonyms (adj) similar, compatible. aykırılık contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis, denial, clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy, inconsistency, opposite, refutation, reverse; antonym (n) agreement. aylak 1. idle; synonyms (adj) inactive, indolent, lazy, free, baseless, frivolous, fruitless, groundless, unfounded, empty, disengaged, flimsy, barren, dead, futile; antonyms (adj) busy, active, employed, (v) change, 2. unemployed; synonyms (adj) idle, vacant, unexercised, (v) unoccupied; antonym (adj) working.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

41

aylık 1. monthly; synonyms (adj) menstrual, mensal,

ayrı 1. apart; synonyms (adv) aside, asunder, away,

periodic, (n) magazine, periodical, journal, bulletin, paper, publication, review, weekly, quarterly, 2. salary (maaş); synonyms (n) wage, pay, allowance, earnings, fee, income, remuneration, payment, emolument, compensation, gain, profit, revenue, hire, reward. ayna 1. mirror; synonyms (n) echo, model, exemplar, (v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect, represent, reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern, cynosure, 2. glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle, drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful, spyglass, telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice. aynasız 1. bull (boğa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder, 2. pig (domuz); synonyms (n) hog, boar, bull, glutton, grunter, (v) farrow, devour, gulp, guttle. aynen 1. exactly (tam); synonyms (adv) precisely, correctly, right, truly, sharp, absolutely, just, accurately, certainly, closely, completely, directly, punctually, rightly, barely; antonyms (adv) approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 2. verbal; synonyms (adj) spoken, oral, literal, unwritten, vocal, wordy, talkative, exact, nominal, verbarian, choral, expressed, rhetorical, said, singing; antonym (adj) written. aynı 1. same; synonyms (adj) alike, identical, corresponding, equal, like, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching, comparable, duplicate, monotonous, self; antonym (adj) different, 2. alike; synonyms (adv) equally, likewise, (adj) analogous, cognate, likely, parallel; antonyms (adv) differently, (adj) dissimilar, 3. uniform (üniforma); synonyms (adj) regular, constant, steady, same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level, unchanging, fixed, set, stable, flat, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal, 4. very (çok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much, considerably, exact; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 5. equal (eşit); synonyms (adj) agree, adequate, balanced, commensurate, coordinate, fair, (v) match, compare, correspond, rival, equalize, equate, fit, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) repressive, disproportionate, uneven, unlike, (v) differ, 6. identical; synonyms (adj) selfsame, very, synonymous, congruent, tantamount, twin, indistinguishable; antonym (adj) incompatible. aynılık identity (kimlik, özdeşlik); synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality, sameness, character, equality, person, similarity, equivalence.

independently, individually, (adj) aloof, alone, distant, separate, detached, isolated, only, individual, loose, (v) discrete, 2. distinct; synonyms (adj) clear, articulate, different, apparent, definite, distinctive, palpable, decided, dissimilar, marked, plain, tangible, clear-cut, audible, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, unclear, vague, inaudible, shapeless, 3. separate (ayırmak, bölmek); synonyms (adj) particular, (v) detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate, disconnect, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, distinguish, divide, isolate; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate, 4. aside; synonyms (adv) by, beside, alongside, off, abreast, (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis, statement. ayrıca 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore, moreover, too, again, additionally, anyway, else, therewithal, beyond, (prep) except, on, beside, (adj) more, likewise, 2. again (bir daha, gene, tekrar, yeniden, yine); synonyms (adv) afresh, anew, encore, repeatedly, then, further, often, 3. furthermore; synonyms (adv) besides, (conj) and, 4. also (da, de); synonyms (adv) withal, equally, item, similarly, so, 5. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) excessively, over, overly, extremely, unduly. ayrıcalık 1. privilege; synonyms (n) charter, immunity, liberty, prerogative, freedom, exemption, franchise, grant, concession, claim, due, permit, (v) license, favor, favour, 2. franchise (imtiyaz); synonyms (n) privilege, suffrage, vote, absolution, dispensation, patent, release, dealership, excuse, exoneration, 3. concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, agreement, conceding, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent, confession, consent, (v) boon. ayrılık 1. separation (ayrılma); synonyms (n) detachment, disjunction, disunion, division, partition, disconnection, divorce, isolation, parting, rift, seclusion, break, breakup, demarcation, departure; antonyms (n) amalgamation, closeness, connection, marriage, unification, union, unity, 2. gap (aralık, boşluk); synonyms (n) cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy, blank, chink, disparity, (v) breach, 3. difference (fark); synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change, contention, controversy, disagreement, distinction, discord, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, balance, margin, (v) differentiate; antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance, sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence, 4. faction; synonyms (n) cabal, crew, sect, band, dissension, feud, group, junto, party, set, team,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

42

Turkish - English crowd, part, company, gang, 5. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) cut,

slit, burst, divide, separate, cleave, fork, rive, sever, apportion, scatter, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge. ayrılış 1. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation, divergence, parting, aberration, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 2. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure, disappearance, expiration, action, (adj) running, working. ayrılma 1. separation (ayrılık); synonyms (n) detachment, disjunction, disunion, division, partition, disconnection, divorce, isolation, parting, rift, seclusion, break, breakup, demarcation, departure; antonyms (n) amalgamation, closeness, connection, marriage, unification, union, unity, 2. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation, divergence, aberration, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, variation, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 3. leaving; synonyms (n) desertion, farewell, abandonment, departing. ayrılmak 1. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article, character, component, cut, division, portion, section, share, (v) branch, break, disjoin, divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 2. divide (ayırmak, bölmek); synonyms (v) distribute, part, dissociate, apportion, detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, separate, split, deal, distinguish, carve, disjoint, allot; antonyms (v) unite, join, 3. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 4. separate (ayırmak, ayrı, bölmek); synonyms (adj) detached, individual, particular, single, disjoined, (v) insulate, scatter, discrete, discriminate, disperse, isolate, demarcate, differentiate, disengage, dissolve; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) merge, mix, combine, fuse, link, associate, 5. fork (çatal); synonyms (n) crotch, bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle, forking, junction, ramification, turning, arm, (v) diverge, bend, pitchfork, ramify,

6. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst, breach, cleave, fork, rift, rive, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft, parting. ayrılmış reserved; synonyms (adj) modest, distant, coy, diffident, reticent, bashful, aloof, frigid, quiet, retiring, shy, formal, humble, moderate, (n) cold; antonyms (adj) outgoing, open, forthcoming, relaxed, uninhibited, warm.

ayrım 1. discrimination; synonyms (n) discernment, difference, differentiation, distinction, taste, discretion, sense, prejudice, favoritism, acumen, wisdom, choice, acuteness, penetration, (v) judgment; antonym (n) tolerance, 2. difference (fark); synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change, contention, controversy, disagreement, discord, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, departure, balance, breach, (v) differentiate; antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance, sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence. ayrıntı 1. detail; synonyms (n) report, point, feature, item, circumstance, (v) describe, enumerate, relate, appoint, assign, cast, itemize, recite, specify, define; antonym (n) generalization, 2. particular (özel); synonyms (adj) special, fastidious, careful, definite, delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, individual, detailed, certain, choosy, circumstantial, critical, (n) detail; antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, (n) general, 3. circumstance; synonyms (n) affair, state, accident, chance, event, incident, matter, occasion, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact, occurrence, juncture, crisis. ayrıntılı 1. detailed; synonyms (adj) circumstantial, close, careful, accurate, delicate, elaborate, meticulous, minute, thorough, scrupulous, complete, comprehensive, elaborated, exact, exhaustive, 2. particular (özel); synonyms (adj) special, fastidious, definite, finicky, fussy, individual, detailed, certain, choosy, critical, distinct, especial, exceptional, (n) detail, item; antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, (n) general, 3. elaborate; synonyms (adj) complex, complicated, involved, fancy, intricate, ornate, baroque, (v) develop, specify, amplify, expand, expound, dilate, enlarge, complicate; antonyms (adj) plain, simple, modest, 4. overall; synonyms (adj) entire, total, whole, broad, full, inclusive, aggregate, global, widespread, (adv) generally, everywhere, (n) smock, boilersuit. az 1. few; synonyms (adj) infrequent, rare, scarce, occasional, sporadic, uncommon, erratic, imperceptible, inconsequential, intermittent, middling, negligible, paltry, piddling, scattered; antonyms (n) plenty, (adj) many, countless, innumerable, various, 2. little; synonyms (adj) small, diminutive, insignificant, brief, minute, petty, short, some, tiny, exiguous, light, baby, bantam, (v) dash, bit; antonyms (adj) big, enormous, large, important, 3. short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) concise, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, inadequate, insufficient, lacking, pithy, poor, scanty; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 4. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup, 5. poor

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (fakir, fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, deplorable, destitute, evil, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, pitiful, meagre, feeble, impecunious, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good, 6. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, highpitched, loud, piercing, 7. seldom; synonyms (adv) rarely, occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, (adj) few; antonyms (adv) frequently, often, 8. slender; synonyms (adj) narrow, little, fine, lithe, delicate, faint, flimsy, gaunt, lissom, skinny, graceful, lissome, remote, (v) lank, scant; antonyms (adj) plump, stocky, fat, wide. aza 1. limb; synonyms (n) arm, bough, branch, member, extremity, offshoot, part, edge, wing, gavelock, handspike, jemmy, jimmy, 2. member (üye); synonyms (n) limb, supporter, phallus, portion, appendage, employee, fellow, section, constituent, division, element, follower, associate, link, organ. azade free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage. azalma decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. azalmak 1. decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify, 2. decline; synonyms (n) declension, decrease, dip, declination, descent, deterioration, (v) drop, reject, ebb, fail, refuse, sink, deny, deteriorate, (adj) fade; antonyms (n) improvement, recovery, development, rebirth, (v) accept, flourish, improve, 3. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) droop, set, descend, fell, bury, collapse, flag, founder, settle, subside, languish, (adj) immerse, bog; antonym (v) float. azaltma reduction; synonyms (n) contraction, decrease, decrement, diminution, rebate, cut, cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, drop, lessening, reducing, deduction, degradation; antonyms (n) increase, growth, intensification,

43

strengthening, expansion, extension, restoration, rise. azaltmak 1. decrease; synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify, 2. dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, jetty, (v) clip, pare, deprive, land; antonym (v) undock, 3. reduce; synonyms (v) abbreviate, debase, condense, shorten, concentrate, compress, conquer, decrease, dilute, deflate, enfeeble, abase, overcome, demote, (adj) degrade; antonyms (v) bolster, expand, enlarge, exacerbate. azamet pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n) humility, modesty. azametli 1. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj) grand, dignified, noble, grandiose, stately, distinguished, baronial, lofty, regal, awesome, exalted, (n) commanding, solemn, grave; antonym (adj) humble, 2. proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant, disdainful, haughty, conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated, magnificent, presumptuous, sublime; antonyms (adj) modest, ashamed, embarrassed. azami maximum (maksimum); synonyms (adj) extreme, maximal, top, greatest, highest, supreme, ultimate, (n) limit, utmost, height, most, culmination, record, climax, peak; antonyms (adj) least, (n) minimum. azap pain (ağrı); synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother, ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v) hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble, agonize; antonym (n) pleasure. azarlama lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse, harangue, reprimand, speech, talk, oration, censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke, sermon, chide, preach, instruct. azarlamak 1. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, fault, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation, allegation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 2. lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse, harangue, speech, talk, oration, declaim, homily, lesson, reproof, delivery, (v) sermon, preach, instruct, scold. azat liberation; synonyms (n) release, emancipation, freedom, deliverance, dismissal, rescue, delivery, freeing, relief, salvation, enfranchisement, (v) discharge, acquittal, dismission, acquittance. azgın 1. furious; synonyms (adj) angry, fierce, violent, enraged, ferocious, frantic, vehement, wild,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

44

Turkish - English boisterous, frenzied, infuriated, raging, rampant, desperate, angered; antonym (adj) calm, 2. wild; synonyms (adj) desert, waste, reckless, desolate, furious, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, barbarous, rough, vicious, wanton, barbarian, barbaric; antonyms (adj) orderly, domestic, manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained, tame.

azim 1. determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment, assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness, 2. resolution; synonyms (n) determination, answer, purpose, solution, decomposition, analysis, dissolution, perseverance, resoluteness, settlement, dissection, ruling, judgment, conversion, explanation. azimli 1. decisive; synonyms (adj) conclusive, critical, crucial, decided, definite, final, important, positive, authoritative, convincing, definitive, determined, (v) absolute, categorical, determinate; antonyms (adj) indecisive, uncertain, unsure, weak, 2. determined; synonyms (adj) constant, resolute, certain, decisive, inflexible, resolved, stubborn, ambitious, adamant, bold, firm, obstinate, set, tenacious, unyielding; antonyms (adj) irresolute, feeble, unmotivated, 3. resolved; synonyms (adj) fixed, intent, solved, bent, clear. azınlık minority; synonyms (n) nonage, infancy, adolescence, inferiority, subordinacy, teens, childhood, faction, youth, (adj) few. azıtmak lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed. aziz 1. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) beloved, close, costly, expensive, lovely, precious, near, adorable, affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n) darling, love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap, worthless, 2. saint; synonyms (n) angel, apostle, apotheosis, disciple, evangelist, ideal, nonesuch, nonpareil, nonsuch, paragon, (v) canonize, enshrine. azma heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool. azot nitrogen; synonyms (n) n, newton, normality, north.

 âdet 1. habit; synonyms (n) custom, clothing, attire, character, convention, dress, garb, practice, ritual,

use, addiction, clothes, disposition, apparel, constitution, 2. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, usage, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, rule, tax, usance, (v) accustom, trade, (adj) bespoke, 3. way (yol); synonyms (n) course, path, passage, road, route, track, direction, form, manner, means, style, mode, pathway, approach, bearing.

B baba 1. father; synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate; antonym (n) mother, 2. dad; synonyms (n) father, daddy, papa, pappa, pater, pop, paterfamilias, divinity, elder, idol, popping, soda, tonic, 3. daddy; synonyms (n) boyfriend, fellow, man, 4. governor (patron, vali); synonyms (n) director, chief, manager, regulator, administrator, controller, ruler, superintendent, leader, executive, head, master, official, protector, warden, 5. pop; synonyms (n) pa, bang, shot, click, (v) burst, crack, shoot, protrude, pawn, appear, place, snap, bulge, (adj) popular, (adv) plump. babacığım dad (baba); synonyms (n) father, daddy, papa, pappa, pater, pop, sire, paterfamilias, divinity, elder, idol, popping, soda, tonic. baca 1. chimney; synonyms (n) stack, flue, shaft, smokestack, vent, gully, main, nostril, nozzle, tap, throat, trachea, weasand, aperture, escape, 2. stack (yığın, yığmak); synonyms (n) pile, accumulation, mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack, store. bacak 1. leg; synonyms (n) stage, blackleg, branch, peg, post, arm, column, limb, member, phase, rook, shank, support, fork, 2. pin (iğne); synonyms (n) needle, nail, clip, axle, brooch, broach, nog, bolt, button, leg, (v) tack, clasp, fix, fasten, stick.

baðlamak link (bağ, bağlamak, bağlantı); synonyms (n) connection, join, joint, bond, concatenation, (v) combine, tie, connect, couple, associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke; antonym (v) separate.

baðlantý link (bağ, bağlamak, bağlantı); synonyms (n) connection, join, joint, bond, concatenation, (v) combine, tie, connect, couple, associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke; antonym (v) separate. bağ 1. bond (bono); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band, adhere, 2. link (bağlamak, bağlantı); synonyms (n) join, bond, concatenation, contact, (v) combine, connect, couple, associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke, fix, (adj) correlation; antonym (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English separate, 3. connection (bağlantı); synonyms (n) communication, bearing, affiliation, conjunction, knot, combination, affinity, coherence, coupling, intercourse, acquaintance, concern, connectedness, connecter, connective; antonym (n) disconnection, 4. lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon, trimming, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, rope, tat, knit, mesh, plait, (adj) string, 5. tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) draw, lace, relationship, sleeper, strap, cord, deadlock, fastening, crosstie, (v) leash, marry, tether, equal, hitch, ligature; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo, 6. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, thread, sequence, fiber, procession, (v) run, (adj) line. bagaj 1. luggage; synonyms (n) baggage, bag, gear, thing, goods, stuff, pack, suitcase, things, case, 2. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. bağcık lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind, rope, tie, knot, tat, knit, (adj) string. bağdaşmak square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just. bağdaşmamak conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat, fight, battle, contention, contest, dispute, encounter, action, antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, engagement, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree. bağdaştırmak accommodate; synonyms (v) adapt, adjust, fit, oblige, contain, fashion, hold, lodge, provide, quarter, reconcile, supply, harmonise, admit, (adj) suit; antonym (v) evict. bağıl relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. bağımlı dependent; synonyms (adj) subject, subordinate, contingent, addicted, tributary, relative, secondary, (n) dependant, charge, adjective, attendant, follower, servant, slave, vassal; antonyms (adj) independent, self-governing, self-sufficient. bağımlılık 1. dependence; synonyms (n) belief, confidence, reliance, addiction, dependance, dependency, faith, credence, hope, trust, habit, (adj) contingency; antonyms (n) independence, selfgovernment, self-sufficiency, 2. dependency; synonyms (n) dependence, colony, relationship, settlement. bağımsız 1. independent; synonyms (adj) free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial, nonpartisan, sovereign, unallied, self-sufficient,

45

detached, distinct, individual, (n) freelance, mugwump, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) dependent, simultaneous, 2. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage. bağımsızlık 1. independence; synonyms (n) autonomy, freedom, liberty, independency, individuality, latitude, detachment, neutrality, sovereignty, inconsequence; antonyms (n) dependence, childhood, 2. freedom (özgürlük); synonyms (n) exemption, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease, relief, right, scope, familiarity, enfranchisement, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, restraint, suppression, 3. sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom, reign, empire, dominion, independence, power, realm, rule, majesty, monarchy, control, supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy, command. bağıntı 1. relation (ilişki); synonyms (n) connection, account, narration, recital, affinity, association, description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond, narrative, reference, (v) report, 2. correlation; synonyms (n) relationship, correspondence, correlativity, interrelation, link, comparison, equivalence, similarity, (adj) mutuality. bağıntılı relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. bağıran screaming; synonyms (adj) garish, loud, uproarious, showy, gaudy, noisy, amusing, blatant, conspicuous, tawdry, (n) scream, screech, screeching, shriek, shrieking; antonym (adj) low. bağırış shout (bağırmak); synonyms (v) cry, clamor, scream, bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl, (n) call, roar, yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech; antonym (v) whisper. bağırma shout (bağırmak); synonyms (v) cry, clamor, scream, bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl, (n) call, roar, yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech; antonym (v) whisper. bağırmak 1. shout; synonyms (v) cry, clamor, scream, bellow, bawl, exclaim, hollo, howl, (n) call, roar, yell, cheer, halloo, outcry, screech; antonym (v) whisper, 2. cry (ağlamak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, bay, crying, buzz, exclamation, groan, hearsay, noise, (v) shriek, weep, moan, yelp, yowl, holler; antonym (v) laugh, 3. call (çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) name, bid, summon, address, baptize, cite, dub, entitle, invite, style, (n) appeal,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

46

Turkish - English

appoint, command, demand, request; antonym (v) dismiss. bağırsak gut; synonyms (n) belly, abdomen, bowel, catgut, (v) eviscerate, pillage, ransack, despoil, spoil, loot, sack, plunder, disembowel, ravage, (adj) internal. bağış 1. donation; synonyms (n) contribution, gift, benefaction, present, award, endowment, grant, charity, dole, gratuity, presentation, (v) boon, bounty, bestowal, bestowment, 2. grant (vermek); synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, allowance, (v) give, allow, bestow, admit, afford, concede, confer, acknowledge, accord, cede, (adj) deliver; antonyms (v) deny, reject, 3. offering; synonyms (v) favor, (n) oblation, offer, reward, tribute, victim, worship, exhibition, 4. gift (armağan, hediye); synonyms (n) faculty, flair, capacity, dower, aptitude, bent, dowry, bonus, capability, (v) donate, endow, (adj) ability, talent, cleverness, generosity; antonym (n) inability, 5. contribution; synonyms (n) offering, share, tax, effort, dues, investment, part, participation, payment. bağışık immune; synonyms (adj) exempt, free, impervious, resistant, sacred, secure, privileged, allowed, excused, favored, insubordinate, irresponsible, licensed, repellent, resistive. bağışıklık immunity; synonyms (n) exemption, freedom, franchise, dispensation, privilege, exception, invulnerability, liberty, release, resistance, safety, security; antonym (n) vulnerability. bağışlama pardon (af, affetmek); synonyms (n) amnesty, forgiveness, (v) absolve, condone, excuse, forgive, justify, acquit, exonerate, spare, absolution, acquittal, discharge, (adj) exculpate, clear; antonym (v) blame.

bağışlamak 1. excuse (affetmek, bahane, özür); synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve, acquit, condone, exculpate, forgive, justify, apologise, apologize; antonym (v) punish, 2. forgive (affetmek); synonyms (v) excuse, remit, exonerate, clear, overlook, 3. pardon (af, affetmek); synonyms (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace, remission, reprieve, (v) spare, absolution, acquittal, discharge, pity, release, explain; antonym (v) blame, 4. grant (vermek); synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, (v) give, allow, award, bestow, admit, afford, concede, confer, gift, acknowledge, accord, boon; antonyms (v) deny, reject. bağlam context; synonyms (n) circumstance, environment, setting, surroundings, background, atmosphere, note, page, backdrop, condition, milieu, case, ambiance, meaning, perspective. bağlamak 1. tie (kravat); synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace, association, relationship,

sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind, join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo, 2. link (bağ, bağlantı); synonyms (n) joint, concatenation, attachment, contact, liaison, (v) combine, tie, couple, associate, bridge, relate, yoke, fix, interconnect, (adj) correlation; antonym (v) separate, 3. join (birleşmek, birleştirmek); synonyms (v) unite, graft, assemble, affiliate, meet, affix, annex, conjoin, converge, enroll, integrate, knit, mix, pair, splice; antonyms (v) detach, secede, split, 4. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange, set, clamp, do, castrate, (n) state, (adj) ascertain, confirm; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 5. couple (çift); synonyms (n) brace, duo, dyad, twosome, couplet, deuce, duad, duet, (v) copulate, match, mate, wed, add, hitch, (adj) hook; antonym (v) uncouple. bağlantı 1. link (bağ, bağlamak); synonyms (n) connection, join, joint, bond, concatenation, (v) combine, tie, connect, couple, associate, attach, bridge, fasten, relate, yoke; antonym (v) separate, 2. connection (bağ); synonyms (n) communication, attachment, bearing, affiliation, alliance, association, conjunction, knot, link, combination, affinity, coherence, coupling, intercourse, acquaintance; antonym (n) disconnection, 3. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, charge, allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion, loyalty, promise, commission, confinement, consignment, contract, debt, duty, engagement, 4. communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, epistle, letter, message, news, notice, report, tidings, word, expression, 5. attachment; synonyms (n) affection, appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard, appendage, fitting, fondness, liking, love, annex, addendum, fastener, tenderness; antonym (n) detachment, 6. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, collision, impact, tangency, interaction, juxtaposition, access, connexion, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, abut, 7. tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) band, draw, lace, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, cord, deadlock, fastening, crosstie, (v) bind, leash, marry, tether; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo. bağlaşık allied (müttefik); synonyms (adj) akin, related, confederate, cognate, connected, united, joined, associated, confederative, kindred, linked, near, relative; antonyms (adj) rival, unrelated. bağlayıcı binding; synonyms (adj) necessary, obligatory, valid, mandatory, compulsory, effectual, requisite, (n) cover, band, dressing, bond, covering, wrapping, back, bandaging. bağlı 1. attached; synonyms (adj) connected, affectionate, affiliated, committed, associated,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English devoted, fond, loving, loyal, near; antonyms (adj) detached, separate, unmarried, 2. devoted; synonyms (adj) addicted, ardent, consecrated, constant, faithful, pious, dutiful, eager, enthusiastic, keen, passionate, reliable, religious, zealous, (prep) dedicated; antonyms (adj) uncommitted, disloyal, indifferent, 3. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free, 4. connected; synonyms (v) related, (adj) allied, attached, linked; antonyms (adj) unconnected, unrelated, 5. consequent; synonyms (adj) ensuing, following, resultant, resulting, sequent, attendant, consequential, next, succeeding, successive, (v) subsequent, 6. faithful; synonyms (adj) authentic, correct, close, exact, dependable, sound, true, unfailing, devout, fast, honest, literal, responsible, steadfast, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, inaccurate, unfaithful, unreliable, 7. dependent (bağımlı); synonyms (adj) subject, subordinate, contingent, tributary, relative, secondary, helpless, (n) dependant, charge, adjective, follower, servant, slave, vassal, client; antonyms (adj) independent, self-governing, selfsufficient, 8. subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. bağlılık 1. devotion; synonyms (n) adoration, allegiance, attachment, dedication, loyalty, passion, worship, affection, consecration, constancy, devotedness, enthusiasm, fondness, love, (adj) veneration; antonyms (n) indifference, disloyalty, 2. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard, appendage, association, bond, connection, devotion, fitting, liking, link, tie, annex; antonym (n) detachment, 3. faith (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed, cult, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety, reliance; antonym (n) unbelief, 4. dependence (bağımlılık); synonyms (n) addiction, dependance, dependency, faith, habit, (adj) contingency; antonyms (n) independence, self-government, selfsufficiency.

bahane 1. excuse (affetmek, bağışlamak, özür); synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve, acquit, condone, exculpate, forgive, justify, apologise, apologize; antonym (v) punish, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 3. cloak; synonyms (n) veil, cape, masquerade, pall, curtain, guise, (v) cover, wrap, dissemble, hide, disguise, drape, envelop, mantle, shroud; antonym

47

(v) disclose, 4. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 5. plea; synonyms (n) defense, justification, answer, appeal, petition, claim, allegation, call, entreaty, excuse, prayer, argument, advocacy, explanation, demand. bahar spring (ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. bahçe garden; synonyms (n) field, bed, orchard, grounds, park, patch, plaisance, plot, garth, lawn, backyard, court, (v) farm, cultivate, (adj) commonplace. bahçıvan gardener; synonyms (n) horticulturist, nurseryman, farmer, husbandman. bahis bet; synonyms (v) gamble, play, lay, risk, venture, (n) wager, stake, stakes. bahsetmek mention; synonyms (v) cite, name, hint, observe, commend, adduce, advert, note, notice, (n) comment, allusion, citation, remark, call, reference. bahşetmek grant (vermek); synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, (v) give, allow, award, bestow, admit, afford, concede, confer, gift, acknowledge, accord, boon; antonyms (v) deny, reject. bahşiş tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant. baht 1. luck; synonyms (n) chance, fortune, accident, destiny, fate, hazard, lot, advantage, hap, portion, coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n) misfortune, 2. fortune; synonyms (n) estate, fluke, luck, means, abundance, assets, doom, riches, wealth, blessing, substance, affluence, prosperity, treasure, capital. bahtiyar happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful. bahtsız unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious, poor, sad, bad, disastrous, hapless, inopportune, adverse, calamitous, deplorable, infelicitous, lamentable, unlucky, untoward, ill; antonyms (adj) fortunate, lucky. bakan 1. minister; synonyms (n) pastor, envoy, priest, deputy, divine, ambassador, churchman, clergyman, cleric, curate, ecclesiastic, agent, messenger, (v) supply, administer, 2. secretary (sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor, repository, (v) amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener. bakanlık 1. office (büro, ofis); synonyms (n) charge, agency, duty, function, position, commission,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

48

Turkish - English

appointment, division, authority, berth, bureau, job, part, place, post, 2. department (bölüm); synonyms (n) compartment, area, class, faculty, section, arm, branch, domain, field, line, office, realm, subject, service, district, 3. ministry; synonyms (n) cabinet, government, clergy, ministration, administration, clericals, prelacy, presbytery, aid, bureaucracy, channel, (v) attendance, attendants, attention, (adj) abandoned, 4. portfolio (portföy); synonyms (n) briefcase, album, file, bandolier, budget, chair, book, quiver. bakıcı keeper; synonyms (n) custodian, curator, guardian, guard, warden, warder, caretaker, owner, protector, steward, watchman, custos. bakım 1. maintenance; synonyms (n) livelihood, alimony, care, keep, living, sustenance, charge, conservation, continuation, custody, preservation, service, support, sustainment, sustentation; antonym (n) end, 2. care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, caution, concern, aid, apprehension, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, attentiveness, burden, fear, (v) anxiety, administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard, 3. attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending, audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment, assemblage, assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 4. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 5. attention (dikkat); synonyms (n) mind, alertness, consideration, heed, notice, concentration, deliberation, diligence, ear, nursing, observation, precision, regard, thought, vigilance; antonym (n) inattention. bakir virgin (bakire); synonyms (adj) pure, vestal, chaste, innocent, new, fresh, intact, untouched, unmixed, virginal, virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden, maid, girl. bakır copper; synonyms (n) bronze, bull, cop, fuzz, gold, pig, cent, coin, ingot, nugget, cuprum, brown, copperplate, auburn, blur. bakire virgin; synonyms (adj) pure, vestal, chaste, innocent, new, fresh, intact, untouched, unmixed, virginal, virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden, maid, girl. bakış 1. look (bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, 2. view (bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought, notion, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 3. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate, heed, account, believe, count, hold, reckon, (n) notice,

respect, esteem, deference, note, value; antonym (n) disrespect, 4. eye (göz); synonyms (n) optic, peeper, ring, center, centre, oculus, (v) behold, stare, watch, glimpse, examine, eyeball. bakışım symmetry (simetri); synonyms (n) balance, proportion, order, correspondence, equilibrium, regularity, consistency, harmony, coextension, composition, counterbalance, equality, equipoise, parity, symmetricalness; antonyms (n) asymmetry, disproportion, irregularity. bakiye 1. remainder (artık, kalan); synonyms (n) excess, leftover, remain, remnant, end, overplus, residue, balance, oddment, rest, leftovers, relic, remains, remnants, residual, 2. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, equality, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 3. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess, relaxation, leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt, (v) nap, sleep, ease, lie, perch, abide; antonym (v) work. bakliyat pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse, pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence, measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate, pound, vibrate. bakma 1. look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, 2. attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending, audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment, assemblage, assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance. bakmak 1. look (bakış); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, 2. view (bakış, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought, notion, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 3. maintain (korumak); synonyms (v) continue, justify, affirm, allege, assert, aver, conserve, declare, defend, guard, hold, keep, preserve, bear, insist; antonyms (v) deny, change, 4. watch (seyretmek); synonyms (v) clock, wake, care, protect, check, follow, mind, (n) sentinel, sentry, surveillance, lookout, patrol, timepiece, vigil, (adj) vigilance, 5. regard; synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate, heed, account, believe, count, reckon, appreciate, (n) notice, respect, esteem, deference, note, value; antonym (n) disrespect, 6. refer (başvurmak); synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit, deliver, commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke, adduce, ascribe, attribute, consign, 7. attend; synonyms (v) accompany, assist, escort, serve, aid, conduct, hear, help, listen, minister,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English remain, consort, (n) tend, doctor, nurse, 8. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) side, top, exterior, facade, surface, boldness, brass, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, affront, breast, defy, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 9. see (anlamak, görmek); synonyms (v) feel, discover, behold, deem, discern, distinguish, know, recognize, apprehend, ascertain, catch, envision, find, inspect, (adj) perceive, 10. nurse (hemşire); synonyms (n) nurture, amah, nanny, (v) nourish, cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, raise, breastfeed, feed, harbour, 11. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, mentality, conscience, belief, brains, heart, judgement, memory, (v) beware, mark; antonym (v) forget, 12. survey; synonyms (n) poll, review, measurement, inspection, digest, examination, inquiry, observation, (v) study, measure, appraise, canvass, assess, evaluate, examine; antonym (v) neglect, 13. tend; synonyms (v) incline, lead, lean, contribute, run, go, gravitate, carry, conduce, verge, watch, slant, breed, manage, maintain, 14. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) stand, comfort, maintenance, patronage, endorsement, pillar, (v) prop, brace, encourage, boost, confirm, corroborate, favor, lift, promote; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken. bal honey; synonyms (n) darling, dear, beloved, love, sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby, molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten. balans balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance. balçık clay (kil); synonyms (n) soil, remains, pottery, dirt, dust, loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen. baldır calf (dana); synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt, foal, kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle, dullard, foetus, loon, lout, lown. bale ballet; synonyms (n) choreography, afterpiece, burlesque, burletta, comedietta, comedy, divertissement, drama, exode, extravaganza, farce, harlequinade, interlude, opera, pantomime. balık fish; synonyms (n) bird, insect, mollusk, shellfish, worm, amphibian, beginner, blacktail, (v) angle, seek, hunt, pursue, grope, rummage, beg. balıkçı fisher; synonyms (n) fisherman, pekan. balıkçılık fishing; synonyms (n) fishery, expiscation, halieutics, piscation, rodding, sportfishing, (adj) halieutic, (v) angling, coursing, hawking, hunting, shooting.

49

balkon balcony; synonyms (n) loggia, porch, veranda, arch, terrace, eaves, portico, balcon, cupola, deck, dome, portal, stomach, balustrade, catwalk. balo 1. ball (top); synonyms (n) bulb, globe, shot, shell, bead, baseball, bullet, dance, football, lump, orb, party, pellet, projectile, sphere, 2. dance (dans, dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, ramp. balon balloon; synonyms (n) bubble, (v) ball, inflate, billow, bloat, bulge, distend, soar, swell, fly, expand, increase; antonym (v) deflate. balta axe; synonyms (n) knife, blade, (v) ax, chop, abort, destroy. baltalamak undermine; synonyms (v) subvert, weaken, mine, cave, damage, sabotage, break, impair, burrow, counteract, countermine, (n) overthrow, (adj) sap, dig, delve; antonyms (v) strengthen, bolster. bana me; synonym (n) myself. bando band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine. bank bench; synonyms (n) settle, chair, court, terrace, workbench, bank, bar, judicatory, board, couch, form, judiciary, table, tribunal. banka bank; synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope, store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely; antonym (v) withdraw. bankacılık banking; synonyms (n) finance, (adj) financial. banker banker; synonyms (n) cashier, cambist, teller, investor, capitalist, dealer, financier, goldsmith, moneyer, usurer, backer, broker, croupier, house, manager. banket shoulder (omuz); synonyms (n) elbow, back, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain, assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake. banknot note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n) comment, mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication, mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice, mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore. banko bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope, store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely; antonym (v) withdraw. bant 1. band; synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. tape; synonyms (n) band, ribbon, strip, rope, cassette, seal, (v) record, videotape, video, 3. strip; synonyms (n) slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare, bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

50

Turkish - English

banyo 1. bath; synonyms (n) wash, bathroom, tank,

barışçı pacific; synonyms (adj) calm, conciliatory,

bathtub, dip, tub, (v) bathe, immersion, affusion, balneation, clean, 2. bathroom (Tuvalet); synonyms (n) bath, lavatory, can, lav, privy, toilet, arse, ass, backside, basin, behind, bottom, bum, buns, butt. bar 1. bar (çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. saloon; synonyms (n) bar, barroom, pothouse, inn, sedan, taphouse, taproom, tavern, ginmill, 3. pub; synonyms (n) saloon, lounge, drinkery, gashouse. bara bus (otobüs); synonyms (n) automobile, autobus, car, coach, vehicle, busbar, charabanc, motorbus, omnibus. baraka shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth. bardak glass (cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle, drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful, spyglass, telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice. barınak 1. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary, shelter, haven, home, institution, madhouse, retreat, cover, harbor, protection, 2. refuge (sığınak); synonyms (n) asylum, resort, safety, hideaway, hideout, covert, fort, resource, security, guard, (v) recourse, haunt, 3. harbour (liman); synonyms (n) seaport, (v) entertain, contain, bear, hold, nurse, shield, 4. sanctuary; synonyms (n) shrine, reservation, chancel, church, port, temple, altar, bema, 5. shelter; synonyms (n) protect, hut, shade, lee, lodge, burrow, lodging, shadow, (v) screen, defend, hide, keep, conceal, preserve, (adj) defense; antonym (v) expose. barındırmak 1. harbour (liman); synonyms (n) haven, seaport, (v) harbor, entertain, contain, bear, hold, nurse, shield, 2. house (ev, mesken); synonyms (n) family, home, dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, building, edifice, habitation, housing, establishment, structure, ancestry, (v) accommodate, lodge, 3. shelter; synonyms (n) guard, refuge, asylum, protect, protection, sanctuary, security, hut, covert, shade, (v) cover, screen, defend, hide, (adj) defense; antonym (v) expose. barış 1. peace (huzur); synonyms (n) calm, harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, 2. reconciliation; synonyms (n) accommodation, adjustment, rapprochement, appeasement, pacification, reconcilement, mediation, atonement, balancing, (v) peace.

gentle, mild, moderate, peaceable, peaceful, bland, meek, easy, quiet, sober, still, tranquil. barışma reconciliation; synonyms (n) accommodation, adjustment, agreement, rapprochement, appeasement, harmony, pacification, reconcilement, accord, mediation, atonement, balancing, (v) concord, peace. barışsever peaceful; synonyms (adj) calm, gentle, peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace, placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene, tranquil; antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, tense, violent. bariyer barrier (engel); synonyms (n) barricade, bar, bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction, rampart, restraint, block, boundary, fence, hindrance, impediment, obstacle. baro bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow. barok baroque; synonyms (n) baroqueness, (adj) ornate, elaborate, rococo, outlandish, strange, fancy, quaint, barocco, churrigueresco, churrigueresque, flamboyant, florid, flowery, gaudy; antonym (adj) plain. barut powder (toz); synonyms (n) dust, gunpowder, explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound, pulverise, pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle. bas bass; synonyms (adj) deep, low, resonant, rich, sonorous, abstruse, booming, rumbling, cryptic, (n) basso, tenor, trout, violoncello, (adv) accompaniment, second. baş 1. head (kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 2. chief (ana); synonyms (adj) head, principal, cardinal, arch, central, essential, first, main, primary, sovereign, (n) administrator, leader, paramount, superior, top; antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 3. master (ana); synonyms (n) instructor, gentleman, authority, employer, headmaster, maestro, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original, ace, expert, proficient, 4. first (birinci, ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost, before, rather, early, (adj) best, beginning, primitive, former, forward, initial, leading, maiden, opening, preliminary, (n) commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, 5. leader (lider); synonyms (n) guide, director, commander, conductor, hero, general, chairman, guru, elder, governor, officer, official, skipper, manager, mastermind; antonyms (n) follower, straggler, 6. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent, exalted, important, majestic, superb, beautiful, high, massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 7. bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, kneel, 8. prime; synonyms (adj) fundamental, exquisite, overriding, premier, grand, (n) flower, bloom, blossom, cream, efflorescence, elite, flush, heyday, (v) ground, coach, 9. capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, prime, resources, wealth, wherewithal, center, chapiter, (adj) basic, dandy, 10. beginning (başlangıç); synonyms (n) cause, begin, birth, derivation, origin, start, dawn, debut, emergence, foundation, genesis, inception, incipiency, initiation, (adj) incipient; antonyms (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise, ending, 11. top (üst); synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative, (n) peak, acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit, surface, (v) cap, exceed, outdo, surpass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir, 12. primary (birincil); synonyms (adj) elementary, major, primal, aboriginal, basal, dominant, key, primeval, primordial, highest, vital, elemental, firsthand, rudimentary, (n) radical, 13. premier (başbakan); synonyms (n) chancellor, minister, (v) premiere, 14. principal (ana); synonyms (adj) master, big, predominant, staple, supreme, necessary, prevailing, core, crucial, pivotal, significant, especial, (n) corpus, dealer, dean. başak ear (kulak); synonyms (n) auricle, handle, hearing, lug, spike, capitulum, heed, earing, notice, crown, pinna, appreciation, discrimination, favor, (v) cultivate. basamak 1. step (adım); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace, proceeding, 2. grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, place, order, brand, category, gradient, score, form, group, quality, slope, division, (v) classify, evaluate, range, 3. place (yer); synonyms (n) position, domicile, office, spot, attitude, base, job, (v) post, arrange, fix, lay, locate, station, deposit, install; antonym (v) remove. başaramamak fail; synonyms (v) abort, collapse, fade, cease, abandon, break, bust, default, deteriorate, die, disappoint, flag, want, (adj) decline, drop; antonyms (v) succeed, triumph. başarı 1. achievement; synonyms (n) accomplishment, performance, completion, deed, execution, exploit, act, action, attainment, fulfillment, victory, effort, implementation, acquisition, (adj) feat; antonym (n) failure, 2. success; synonyms (n) conquest, achievement, hit, prosperity, passing, effectiveness, triumph, achiever, fortune, luck, win, fruition, efficacy, happiness, wealth; antonyms (n) flop, debacle, defeat, disappointment, prevention, 3. hit (isabet,

51

vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision, 4. win (kazanmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get, obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail, secure, take, succeed, carry, vanquish, procure, reach; antonym (v) lose. başarılı 1. successful; synonyms (adj) flourishing, fortunate, happy, effective, lucky, auspicious, effectual, fruitful, efficacious, prevalent, efficient, thriving, triumphant, profitable, (n) prosperous; antonyms (adj) unsuccessful, thwarted, dependent, failing, ineffective, sorrowful, 2. prosperous; synonyms (adj) favorable, opulent, advantageous, affluent, comfortable, easy, palmy, rich, successful, well-off, propitious, booming, favourable, prospering, (n) good; antonym (adj) poor. başarım performance (performans); synonyms (n) act, discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment, observance, accomplishment, deed, completion, exploit, implementation, operation, recital, (v) action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice. başarısız unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious, poor, sad, bad, disastrous, hapless, inopportune, adverse, calamitous, deplorable, infelicitous, lamentable, unlucky, untoward, ill; antonyms (adj) fortunate, lucky. başarısızlık 1. failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy, failing, breakdown, decline, deficiency, debacle, defeat, disappointment, disaster, downfall, error, loser, loss, abortion, default; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability, growth, 2. frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice. başarma achievement (başarı); synonyms (n) accomplishment, performance, completion, deed, execution, exploit, act, action, attainment, fulfillment, victory, effort, implementation, acquisition, (adj) feat; antonym (n) failure. başarmak 1. achieve; synonyms (v) accomplish, reach, complete, do, effect, execute, gain, perform, acquire, act, attain, fulfill, get, make, manage; antonym (v) lose, 2. succeed; synonyms (v) follow, replace, arrive, ensue, prevail, prosper, supersede, supplant, achieve, flourish, displace, pursue, thrive, triumph, come; antonyms (v) fail, precede. başat dominant; synonyms (adj) commanding, influential, leading, overriding, paramount, powerful, primary, principal, rampant, main, major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v) prevalent; antonyms (adj) minor, submissive, subordinate. başbakan 1. premier; synonyms (adj) chief, first, leading, foremost, head, arch, main, principal, (n) chancellor, minister, (v) premiere, 2. chancellor; synonyms (n) premier, consul, lieutenant,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

52

Turkish - English

magistrate, proconsul, syndic, judge, justice, official, prefect. başıboş loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged. basımcı printer (yazıcı); synonyms (n) pressman, typographer, correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter. basımevi press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. basın press (basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. basınç 1. pressure; synonyms (n) force, compulsion, constraint, duress, exigency, influence, insistence, load, pinch, urge, weight, emergency, (v) drive, press, coerce; antonym (n) persuasion, 2. compression (sıkıştırma); synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion, 3. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, tension, importance, effort, accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble. basit 1. simple; synonyms (adj) plain, homely, pure, elementary, humble, innocent, mere, natural, rustic, honest, bare, chaste, childish, (v) clear, downright; antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate, confused, confusing, cunning, multifaceted, problematical, sophisticated, 2. elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) basic, fundamental, primary, primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential, introductory, original, rudimentary, preliminary, artless, initial, 3. straightforward; synonyms (adj) straight, direct, open, square, candid, sincere, forthright, aboveboard, frank, immediate, outspoken, outright, ingenuous, unsophisticated, upright; antonyms (adj) deceitful, tricky, devious, mysterious, pompous, 4. plain (açık, düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, evident, level, manifest, obvious, perspicuous, overt, dull, even, explicit, lucid, (n) flat; antonyms (adj) fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, attractive, concealed, fussy, two-colored. basitlik simplicity (sadelik); synonyms (n) innocence, ease, easiness, plainness, simpleness, clarity, artlessness, austerity, gullibility, severity, ignorance, frankness, rusticity, informality, (adj)

inexperience; antonyms (n) difficulty, complexity, ambiguity. başka 1. other (diğer); synonyms (adj) additional, another, different, extra, further, more, new, second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite, added; antonym (adj) same, 2. else; synonyms (adv) besides, also, moreover, (n) threat, (adj) other, 3. different; synonyms (adj) assorted, unusual, various, alien, alternative, discrete, diverse, foreign, miscellaneous, separate, several, strange, unlike, mixed, discrepant; antonyms (adj) similar, corresponding, equal, identical, like, typical, 4. alternative (alternatif, seçenek); synonyms (adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) option, choice, preference, selection, substitute, variation. başkalaşmak alter (değiştirmek); synonyms (v) adapt, change, move, adjust, affect, amend, castrate, convert, correct, shift, transform, turn, vary, alternate, distort; antonym (v) maintain. başkaldırmak revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurrection, uprising, revolution, (v) disgust, mutiny, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel, offend, repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock. başkan 1. chairman; synonyms (n) chair, chairperson, chairwoman, director, president, administrator, administration, gig, introducer, monitor, prexy, professorship, spokesman, 2. president; synonyms (n) chairman, chief, leader, boss, head, principal, speaker, emperor, imperator, king, majesty, 3. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) captain, front, point, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, brain, commander, end, (v) capital, direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v) follow. başkanlık presidency; synonyms (n) administration, presidentship, government, brass, disposal, establishment, governance, organisation, organization, presidence, executive, management. başkası other (başka, diğer); synonyms (adj) additional, another, different, extra, further, more, new, second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite, added; antonym (adj) same. başkent capital (büyük harf); synonyms (n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, paramount, prime, resources, (adj) main, primary, chief, great. basket basket (sepet); synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound, corbeille. baskı 1. constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 2. oppression; synonyms (n) injustice, abuse, despotism, tyranny, weight, dictatorship, stress, wrong, severity,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English violence, compression, (v) hardship, grievance, (adj) autocracy, molestation, 3. press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, hug, (adj) constrain, 4. pressure (basınç); synonyms (n) constraint, exigency, influence, insistence, load, pinch, emergency, imperativeness, insistency, necessity, pressing, (v) drive, press, burden, compel; antonym (n) persuasion, 5. restraint; synonyms (n) bridle, control, hindrance, limit, moderation, modesty, containment, curb, obstacle, deterrent, discipline, inhibition, leash, (v) impediment, obstruction; antonyms (n) excess, abandon, decadence, 6. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, power, vigor, effectiveness, (v) thrust, cram, impel, ram, blackmail; antonym (n) weakness, 7. edition; synonyms (n) version, print, circulation, copy, issue, number, adaptation, book, rendering, translation, variation, compilation, run, anthology, collection, 8. impression (izlenim); synonyms (n) belief, conception, feeling, idea, imprint, depression, image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, feel, impress, opinion, printing, 9. printing; synonyms (n) impression, type, duplicating, copying, picture, embossing, printmaking, 10. print; synonyms (n) engraving, lettering, facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, etching, brand, replica, duplicate, earmark, clue, photo, (v) photograph, engrave, stamp, 11. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, tension, importance, effort, accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble. baskın 1. descent (iniş); synonyms (n) ancestry, decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement, 2. raid; synonyms (n) attack, inroad, incursion, invasion, onset, descent, (v) foray, bust, maraud, assault, pillage, sortie, loot, assail, invade; antonym (n) retreat, 3. dominant; synonyms (adj) commanding, influential, leading, overriding, paramount, powerful, primary, principal, rampant, main, major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v) prevalent; antonyms (adj) minor, submissive, subordinate, 4. surprise (sürpriz); synonyms (n) fright, amazement, astonishment, surprisal, wonder, admiration, (v) astound, alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch. başlama 1. starting; synonyms (n) start, commencement, first, outset, departure, kickoff, origin, source, advantage, (adj) opening, initial, incipient, original, (prep) beginning, from, 2. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch,

53

embark, spring, activate, arise, enter, flinch, (n) jump, onset, shock, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. başlamak 1. begin; synonyms (v) commence, start, arise, become, enter, initiate, originate, rise, create, dawn, embark, found, institute, introduce, open; antonyms (v) finish, end, stop, 2. start (başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, drive, launch, spring, activate, flinch, set, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, leap, source; antonyms (v) conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 3. introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject, acquaint, advance, exhibit, implant, inaugurate, infuse, precede, present, instill, interpose, broach, induct.

başlangıç 1. start (başlamak, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 2. origin (kaynak, köken); synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, birth, descent, ancestry, derivation, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root, source, well, head, 3. beginning; synonyms (n) opening, start, dawn, debut, emergence, genesis, incipiency, initiation, introduction, kickoff, preface, threshold, (adj) original, first, incipient; antonyms (n) finale, demise, ending, 4. introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, foreword, insertion, presentation, entrance, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, proem, prologue, prolusion, innovation; antonyms (n) export, postscript, 5. birth (doğum); synonyms (n) parturition, blood, labor, nascency, nativity, parentage, birthing, family, genealogy, nascence, rank, (v) delivery, bear, deliver, issue; antonym (n) death, 6. initial (ilk); synonyms (adj) elementary, foremost, primary, rudimentary, commencing, early, introductory, leading, (n) alpha, (v) sign, 7. outset; synonym (n) offset, 8. elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) basic, fundamental, primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential, artless, initial, straightforward, underlying, 9. starting; synonyms (n) outset, departure, advantage, startle, striking, (adj) preparatory, (prep) from, since, 10. threshold (eşik); synonyms (n) brink, limen, doorsill, doorstep, doorway, edge, vestibule, border, limit, door, porch, postern, verge. başlangıçta initially; synonyms (adv) first, firstly, originally, primarily, formerly; antonym (adv) lastly. başlatan initiative; synonyms (n) enterprise, gumption, opening, ambition, energy, drive, inventiveness, creativity, originality,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

54

Turkish - English enterprisingness, (adj) initial, inaugural, initiatory, incipient, first.

başlatmak 1. start (başlamak, başlangıç); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 2. launch; synonyms (n) boat, inauguration, (v) initiate, dart, found, fire, introduce, toss, establish, hurl, inaugurate, institute, start, cast, fling, 3. begin (başlamak); synonyms (v) become, enter, rise, create, dawn, open, undertake, build, happen, induce, attack, attempt, bring, broach, cause. başlıca 1. main (ana); synonyms (adj) chief, grand, great, head, leading, essential, principal, basic, capital, central, first, key, major, (n) cardinal, ocean; antonyms (adj) minor, auxiliary, secondary, supplementary, 2. prime; synonyms (adj) main, early, fundamental, paramount, primary, excellent, exquisite, overriding, premier, (n) best, flower, bloom, blossom, (v) ground, coach, 3. major (ana, büyük); synonyms (adj) large, superior, considerable, master, grave, higher, important, senior, serious, vital, greater, crucial, extensive, foremost, hefty; antonyms (adj) unimportant, lesser, petty, slight, 4. mainly; synonyms (adv) chiefly, primarily, principally, largely, mostly, particularly, especially, generally, (adj) notably, curiously, 5. chiefly; synonyms (adv) mainly, (adj) peculiarly, 6. principal (ana); synonyms (adj) prime, big, original, dominant, predominant, staple, supreme, (n) leader, manager, corpus, general, lead, boss, director, dealer, 7. ruling; synonyms (adj) regnant, reigning, prevailing, prevalent, (n) judgment, rule, decision, decree, edict, act, directive, judgement, law, opinion, pronouncement, 8. primarily; synonyms (adv) originally, essentially, firstly, basically. başlık 1. heading; synonyms (n) caption, bearing, drift, head, title, course, direction, tack, name, chief, header, leading, line, way, aim, 2. cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat, limit, surpass, better, 3. helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque, helm, hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor, aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate, brigandine, buckler, 4. title; synonyms (n) call, designation, claim, designate, appellation, denomination, epithet, interest, championship, heading, (v) style, term, entitle, (adj) right, ownership, 5. headline; synonyms (n) headrope, (v) emphasize, feature, publicize, stress, 6. hood; synonyms (n) cap, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug, malefactor, gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk, cowling, criminal, crook, dome, goon.

basma print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark, impression, engraving, copy, lettering, picture, facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, (v) impress, photograph, issue, engrave, stamp. basmak 1. press (basın); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain, 2. print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark, impression, engraving, copy, lettering, picture, facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, (v) impress, photograph, issue, engrave, stamp, 3. raid; synonyms (n) attack, inroad, incursion, invasion, onset, descent, (v) foray, bust, maraud, assault, pillage, sortie, loot, assail, invade; antonym (n) retreat, 4. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint, 5.

attack (hücum, hücum etmek, kriz, saldırmak); synonyms (n) thrust, aggression, fit, onslaught, seizure, approach, blast, (v) attempt, aggress, charge, raid, accuse, beset, besiege, bombard; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, 6. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, brand, cachet, emblem, die, earmark, form, (v) print, cast, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, emboss, 7. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, stride, (v) pace, proceeding, tread, 8. publish (yayımlamak); synonyms (v) declare, announce, disclose, circulate, divulge, proclaim, communicate, notify, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, spread, expose, post, herald, 9. utter; synonyms (adj) absolute, complete, (v) express, say, articulate, breathe, speak, state, tell, deliver, emit, pronounce, talk, voice, reveal; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified. basmakalıp 1. pat; synonyms (n) tap, knock, clap, touch, beat, rap, slap, smack, stroke, hit, fondle, apposite, apt, (v) caress, dab, 2. conventional (geleneksel); synonyms (adj) formal, orthodox, accepted, common, customary, everyday, conservative, decorous, established, habitual, normal, ordinary, routine, (v) commonplace, familiar; antonyms (adj) unconventional, radical, relaxed, unusual, original, rebellious, unorthodox, 3. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply. başparmak thumb; synonyms (n) pollex, forefinger, hand, (v) finger, feel, flip, handle, leaf, flick, hitch, hitchhike, riffle, touch. başpiskopos archbishop; synonyms (n) metropolitan, bishop, clergyman, elder, eminence, minister, reverence, archdeacon, beneficiary, canon, chaplain, curate, dean, diocesan, (adj) primate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English başta ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand, formerly, forward, onward, previously, beyond, fore, forth, forwards, on, onwards, winning, (adj) front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late. bastırma compression (sıkıştırma); synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion. baston stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. başvurma reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer. başvurmak 1. refer (bakmak); synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit, deliver, commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke, adduce, ascribe, attribute, consign, 2. apply (Uygula, uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n) give, 3. consult; synonyms (v) confer, consider, negotiate, advise, deliberate, refer, discuss, reason, canvass, confab, confabulate, (n) talk. başvuru application (uygulama); synonyms (n) plea, appeal, appliance, concentration, demand, diligence, effort, exercise, petition, request, use, attention, administration, call, claim. başyazar editor (düzenleyici); synonyms (n) redactor, writer, editioner, journalist, press. batak marsh (bataklık); synonyms (n) bog, fen, quagmire, marish, morass, swamp, marshland, mire, swampland, wash.

batakhane joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate. bataklık marsh (batak); synonyms (n) bog, fen, quagmire, marish, morass, swamp, marshland, mire, swampland, wash. batarya battery (akü, pil); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia. batı 1. west; synonyms (n) occident, w, tungsten, watt, wolfram, (v) south, 2. western; synonyms (adj) westerly, occidental, descending, falling, occasive, occiduous, ponent, westbound. batırmak sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse, decay, flag, founder; antonyms (v) rise, float.

55

batış set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid.

batma set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid. batmak 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father, inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse, crumple, break, 2. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 3. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, decay, flag, founder, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) rise, float. battaniye blanket; synonyms (n) bedding, sheet, counterpane, covering, coverlet, (v) cloak, cover, (adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global, generic, wholesale, broad, general. bavul 1. trunk; synonyms (n) stem, boot, torso, body, bole, proboscis, snout, stalk, box, stock, case, house, luggage, nose, stirps, 2. suitcase; synonyms (n) bag, grip, handbag, bagful, base, clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip, handgrip, handle, hold. bay 1. sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman, master, man, don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi, magister, signore, 2. gentleman (bey, centilmen); synonyms (n) male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble, gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity, humankind, (adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman. bayağı 1. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, gross, rough, vulgar, bawdy, blunt, broad, common, earthy, harsh, rude, uncivilized; antonyms (adj) refined, smooth, sophisticated, 2. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, average, familiar, mediocre, usual, commonplace, everyday, habitual, normal, mean, banal, conventional, (n) customary, accustomed, (v) general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special, distinguished, famous, 3. cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy, worthless; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious, 4. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

56

Turkish - English

ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial, prosaic, poor, collective, communal, current, humble, (n) commons; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent. bayan 1. lady; synonyms (n) dame, gentlewoman, female, ma'am, matron, wife, woman, noble, (v) squaw; antonym (n) man, 2. miss; synonyms (v) lack, lose, fail, jump, omit, overlook, long, drop, escape, (n) maid, girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault; antonym (v) perceive, 3. madam; synonyms (n) lady, signora, bird, chick, doll, noblewoman, peeress, skirt, wench, 4. mistress; synonyms (n) concubine, inamorata, madame, lover, missis, master, owner, schoolmarm, schoolmistress, teacher, impropriator. baygın 1. unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary, unaware, ignorant, subconscious, unwitting, oblivious, automatic, insensible, instinctive, senseless, unintentional, spontaneous, innocent, unknowing, unacquainted; antonyms (adj) conscious, awake, deliberate, 2. faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent. baygınlık faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent. bayi 1. seller; synonyms (n) dealer, merchant, vendor, vender, trader; antonyms (n) buyer, purchaser, 2. subsidiary; synonyms (n) subordinate, (adj) auxiliary, subservient, ancillary, secondary, additional, minor, adjunct, appurtenant, assistant, incidental, inferior, supplemental, (v) accessory, ministrant. bayılma faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent. bayılmak faint; synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent. bayır 1. slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, dip, decline, descent, fall, grade, gradient, hill, inclination, (v) pitch, slant, cant, lean, bank, 2. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise, climb, ascending, elevation, advance, jump, hike, raise, rising, slope, upgrade, uprising, takeoff, 3. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) lift, ascent, progress, swell, raising, advancement,

improvement, (v) mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, grow, originate, rear; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire. baykuş owl; synonyms (n) hooter, booby, dolt, looby, nizy, noddy, nonny, noodle, howlet, awl, beak, burglar, honker, horn, nozzle. bayrak 1. flag; synonyms (n) banner, colors, ensign, sign, fall, iris, (v) decline, languish, sag, abate, signal, (adj) droop, fade, drop, fail, 2. banner; synonyms (n) flag, title, bunting, emblem, headline, pennant, pennon, streamer, 3. standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark, example; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special, 4. colours. bayram 1. feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner, entertainment, binge, carousal, celebration, festival, meal, spread, (v) junket, fete, eat, feed, treat, entertain; antonym (v) fast, 2. holiday (tatil); synonyms (n) feast, sabbath, break, leisure, recess, rest, stay, (v) vacation, (adj) festive. baytar vet (veteriner); synonyms (n) veteran, veterinarian, veterinary, (v) inspect, examine, vaquero. baz base (alçak, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble. bazen 1. occasionally; synonyms (adv) sometimes, irregularly, periodically, seldom, infrequently, uncommonly; antonyms (adv) frequently, regularly, 2. sometimes; synonyms (adv) occasionally, once, formerly, sometime, off-and-on, otherwhiles, usually, consistently, constantly, intermittently, recurrently, (n) exemplar, meantime, meanwhile, (adj) former. bazı some (biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det) any, (n) one. bazısı some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det) any, (n) one. bebek 1. baby; synonyms (n) babe, child, darling, young, (v) coddle, indulge, pamper, cosset, mollycoddle, spoil, (adj) infant, miniature, small, babyish, dear; antonym (adj) giant, 2. infant (çocuk); synonyms (n) baby, minor, nursling, kid, toddler, (adj) juvenile, 3. doll; synonyms (n) puppet, chick, figurine, dummy, girl, marionette, toy, bird, dame, 4. dolly; synonyms (n) doll, bob, bobbin, cart, die, punch, jeep, skirt, stirrer, wench.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English becerememek fail; synonyms (v) abort, collapse, fade, cease, abandon, break, bust, default, deteriorate, die, disappoint, flag, want, (adj) decline, drop; antonyms (v) succeed, triumph. beceri 1. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse, accomplishment, address, adroitness, aptitude, cleverness, (adj) dexterity, craft, art; antonyms (n) clumsiness, inability, incompetence, 2. faculty; synonyms (n) endowment, bent, facility, power, staff, flair, efficiency, aptness, competence, expertness, genius, (v) gift, (adj) talent, ingenuity, parts. becerikli 1. clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable, acute, able, apt, intelligent, smart, astute, cunning, expert, ingenious, quick, sharp, skillful, (v) brilliant; antonyms (adj) stupid, clumsy, unintelligent, dim, dull, inept, 2. efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual, competent, effective, valid, efficacious, operative, practical, adept, neat, regular, energetic, expeditious, forcible, (v) clever, active; antonyms (adj) incompetent, inefficient, 3. skilled (usta); synonyms (adj) experienced, practiced, accomplished, dexterous, proficient, old, learned, sophisticated, versed, gifted, deft, perfect, efficient, masterly, handy; antonym (adj) inexperienced, 4. practical; synonyms (adj) practicable, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, expedient, positive, sensible, useful, workable, working, constructive, hardheaded, businesslike; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, useless, impossible. beceriksiz 1. awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy, inconvenient, crude, embarrassing, inept, sticky, uncomfortable, ungainly, untoward, left-handed, annoying, bungling, cumbersome, difficult, graceless; antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit, manageable, straightforward, convenient, dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple, 2. helpless (aciz); synonyms (adj) forlorn, powerless, defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble, hopeless, impotent, unable, incompetent, vulnerable, (n) frail, (v) destitute, abandoned. becermek swing (salıncak); synonyms (n) sweep, range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate.

bedava free (açık, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage. bedbaht unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy,

57

melancholy, sad, disconsolate, distressed, infelicitous, low, miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast, mournful; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied. bedel 1. compensation; synonyms (n) amends, recompense, allowance, indemnification, reward, price, atonement, emolument, fee, pay, redress, refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage, 2. price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, evaluate, (adj) merit, value, 3. consideration; synonyms (n) concern, respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account, cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact, thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 4. worth; synonyms (n) virtue, importance, excellence, dignity, quality, benefit, goodness, import, good, substance, fortune, profit, use, wealth, worthiness; antonym (n) worthlessness, 5. substitute (yedek); synonyms (adj) replacement, alternative, ersatz, makeshift, (n) deputy, backup, delegate, (v) alternate, shift, change, replace, surrogate, exchange, sub, cover. beden 1. body (gövde, vücut); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 2. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, 3. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue, breadth, degree, magnitude, measurement, sizing, (v) gauge, scale; antonyms (n) length, slenderness, 4. flesh (et); synonyms (n) brawn, mortality, beef, frame, humanity, mankind, meat, muscle, pulp, shape, tissue, (adj) carnality, concupiscence, lust, 5. trunk (bavul); synonyms (n) stem, boot, torso, body, bole, proboscis, snout, stalk, box, stock, case, house, luggage, nose, stirps. bedensel 1. bodily; synonyms (adj) corporeal, material, physical, animal, carnal, corporal, personal, real, sensual, somatic, (adv) altogether, fleshly; antonyms (adj) mental, spiritual, 2. physical (fiziksel); synonyms (adj) bodily, actual, tangible, concrete, palpable, earthly, manual, substantial, active, forceful, forcible, solid, touchable; antonym (adj) intangible. beğeni taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, flavor, liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto, (v) relish, savor, sample, smack, discernment; antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness. beğenme approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms (n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim, agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

58

Turkish - English

acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation, commendation, confirmation, consent, permission; antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation, scorn, criticism. beğenmek 1. like (benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v) corresponding, enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy, (adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same, parallel, (n) love, relish; antonyms (prep) unlike, (v) dislike, (adj) different, 2. enjoy; synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, delight, experience, like, own, rejoice, revel, devour, take, suffer, joy, 3. approve (onaylamak, uygun bulmak); synonyms (v) sanction, adopt, accept, acknowledge, allow, admit, agree, endorse, let, ratify, support, applaud, acquiesce, authorize, confirm; antonyms (v) reject, censure, condemn, disapprove, forbid, veto, 4. appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem, prize, treasure, value, appraise, fathom, admire, apprize, cherish, comprehend, estimate, grasp, know, (adj) understand, realize; antonyms (v) depreciate, scorn. bek back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance. bekar single (tek); synonyms (adj) only, celibate, one, odd, particular, distinct, individual, isolated, lone, lonely, separate, simple, sole, solitary, exclusive; antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple. bekçi 1. guard; synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep, 2. keeper; synonyms (n) custodian, curator, guardian, guard, warden, warder, caretaker, owner, protector, steward, custos. bekleme 1. wait (beklemek); synonyms (v) expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj) tarry, 2. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n) anticipation, expectancy, belief, hope, prospect, confidence, outlook, possibility, trust, faith, forecast, probability, suspense, thought, optimism; antonym (n) despair, 3. anticipation; synonyms (n) expectation, foresight, prevention, hopefulness, foretaste, forethought, precaution, prediction, presentiment, prevision, 4. waiting; synonyms (adj) ready, expectant, hesitant, (n) wait, abeyance, postponement. beklemede pending; synonyms (prep) during, awaiting, (adj) forthcoming, undecided, unresolved, unsettled, outstanding, hanging, looming, pendulous, suspended, considering, doubtful, (n) abeyance, (adv) while; antonym (adj) distant. beklemek 1. wait (bekleme); synonyms (v) expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj)

tarry, 2. expect; synonyms (v) assume, believe, demand, understand, calculate, hope, suppose, think, conceive, call, mean, ask, bear, carry, conjecture, 3. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance, 4. hope (ummak, umut); synonyms (v) trust, confide, wish, (n) aspiration, belief, desire, expectation, faith, anticipation, confidence, expectancy, assurance, ambition, fancy, prospect; antonyms (v) despair, (n) reality, 5. anticipate; synonyms (v) antedate, forecast, forestall, foretell, estimate, apprehend, divine, guess, predict, presume, prevent, intercept, envision, forebode, foreknow, 6. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) reside, rest, prop, continue, endure, arrest, bide, dwell, support, lodge, persist, (n) halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. beklenen 1. due; synonyms (adj) appropriate, equitable, just, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, (adv) right, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, privilege, tax, desert; antonyms (adj) paid, undue, 2. prospective; synonyms (adj) coming, future, eventual, imminent, impending, likely, possible, forthcoming, probable, latent, budding, imaginable, immediate, near, approaching. beklenmedik unexpected; synonyms (adj) abrupt, sudden, surprising, casual, unanticipated, unforeseen, unpredicted, accidental, strange, abnormal, astonishing, curious, forced, startling, (n) surprise; antonyms (adj) expected, gradual. beklenti expectation; synonyms (n) anticipation, expectancy, belief, hope, prospect, confidence, outlook, possibility, trust, faith, forecast, probability, suspense, thought, optimism; antonym (n) despair. bekleyiş 1. wait (bekleme, beklemek); synonyms (v) expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj) tarry, 2. waiting; synonyms (adj) ready, expectant, hesitant, (n) wait, abeyance, suspense, expectancy, postponement. bel waist; synonyms (n) waistline, shank, middle, belly, blouse, cannon, stem, arch, (adj) neck, stricture, wasp. bela 1. evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 2. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English belge 1. document (belgelemek); synonyms (n) charter, deed, credentials, papers, text, writing, declaration, enclosure, (v) record, file, list, prove, report, 2. certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, document, license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, docket, bill, award, (v) certify, sanction, authorize, 3. deed (iş); synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, activity, doing, effort, fact, title, agency, certificate, 4. paper; synonyms (n) article, newspaper, discourse, newsprint, essay, journal, magazine, periodical, composition, form, ticket, publisher, dissertation, exposition, press, 5. instrument (alet, araç); synonyms (n) channel, apparatus, appliance, expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine, means, medium, creature, contrivance, (v) implement, 6. record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, account, book, disk, history, disc, (v) chronicle, enter, note, score, inscribe, mark, enrol, enroll, indicate. belgeleme documentation; synonyms (n) proof, record, certificate, certification, corroboration, credential, credentials, evidence. belgelemek 1. document (belge); synonyms (n) charter, deed, credentials, papers, text, writing, declaration, enclosure, (v) record, file, list, prove, report, 2. certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, document, license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, docket, bill, award, (v) certify, sanction, authorize.

belirgin 1. clear (açık, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 2. explicit (açık); synonyms (adj) clear, unmistakable, broad, direct, exact, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic, transparent, express, obvious, plain, precise; antonyms (adj) tacit, understood, unspoken, implicit, bland, 3. distinct (ayrı); synonyms (adj) articulate, different, discrete, distinctive, palpable, decided, dissimilar, marked, tangible, clear-cut, audible, conspicuous, diverse, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, similar, inaudible, shapeless, 4. marked; synonyms (adj) noticeable, pronounced, remarkable, distinguished, notable, signal, striking, strong, appreciable, visible, considerable, outstanding, evident, particular, patent; antonym (adj) unblemished, 5. evident (besbelli); synonyms (adj) discernible, perceptible, unequivocal, observable, bold, demonstrable, candid, prominent, overt, explicit, exposed, frank,

59

glaring, indisputable, (adv) apparently; antonyms (adj) concealed, unnoticed, hidden, inconspicuous. belirleme determination (saptama); synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment, assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness. belirlemek 1. determine; synonyms (v) ascertain, decide, define, resolve, appoint, adjudicate, conclude, measure, set, specify, designate, assign, decree, arrange, assess, 2. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, adjust, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid.

belirlenmiş set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid. belirli 1. specific (özgül); synonyms (adj) individual, special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite, especial, positive, accurate, clear, express, single, certain, (n) particular; antonyms (adj) universal, vague, (n) general, 2. definite (kesin); synonyms (adj) absolute, categorical, conclusive, decisive, distinct, plain, specific, reliable, actual, sharp, assured, decided, defined, explicit, (v) determinate; antonyms (adj) imprecise, uncertain, unclear, doubtful, undefined, indeterminate, evasive, indefinite, indescribable, qualified, 3. particular (özel); synonyms (adj) fastidious, careful, delicate, finicky, fussy, detailed, choosy, circumstantial, critical, exceptional, extra, extraordinary, finical, (n) detail, item; antonyms (adj) careless, easy, ordinary, 4. certain; synonyms (adj) sure, dependable, indisputable, fixed, inevitable, infallible, perfect, safe, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal, unquestionable, satisfied, set, (v) bound; antonyms (adj) unsure, questionable, 5. given; synonyms (adj) apt, disposed, prone, liable, granted, inclined, (n) assumption, presumption, fact. belirme emergence; synonyms (n) appearance, egress, beginning, development, emersion, birth, issue, origin, egression, outgrowth. belirmek appear (görünmek); synonyms (v) occur, rise, seem, sound, emerge, show, break, arise, arrive, begin, feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come; antonyms (v) disappear, vanish. belirsiz 1. ambiguous; synonyms (adj) equivocal, indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain, evasive, slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic, doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite, (v) vague; antonyms (adj) clear, definite, unambiguous,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

60

Turkish - English

unequivocal, 2. vague; synonyms (adj) obscure, ambiguous, faint, undefined, undetermined, feeble, dim, fuzzy, hazy, nebulous, shadowy, lax, general, intangible, (v) loose; antonyms (adj) distinct, exact, particular, precise, specific, sure, 3. dubious; synonyms (adj) debatable, questionable, incredulous, precarious, shady, skeptical, suspicious, undecided, unlikely, unreliable, unsure, funny, distrustful, disputable, dubitable; antonyms (adj) indisputable, trustworthy, certain, 4. doubtful; synonyms (adj) queer, tentative, diffident, hesitant, unsettled, suspensive, apocryphal, apprehensive, gloomy, iffy, incredible, indecisive, irresolute, perplexed, problematic; antonyms (adj) trusting, convinced, reliable, confident, persuaded, provable, 5. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, misty, opaque, slow, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) brighten, 6. uncertain; synonyms (adj) changeable, chancy, unsafe, variable, hazardous, risky, fitful, inconstant, insecure, shaky, unpredictable, unstable, irregular, perilous, (n) incertain; antonyms (adj) decisive, decided, inevitable, safe, strong-minded, unquestionable. belirsizlik 1. ambiguity; synonyms (n) equivocation, doubt, uncertainty, unclearness, equivocalness, haziness, hesitation, obscurity, vagueness, loophole; antonyms (n) clearness, precision, unambiguity, 2. uncertainty; synonyms (n) doubtfulness, distrust, indecision, suspicion, suspense, irresolution, dubiety, incertitude, question, dubiousness, indecisiveness, ambiguity, hesitancy, qualm, (adj) instability; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, decisiveness, clarity. Belirteç indicator (gösterge); synonyms (n) gauge, index, indication, arrow, indicant, pointer, signpost, sign, signal, symbol. belirti 1. symptom (araz, semptom); synonyms (n) sign, indication, evidence, mark, note, manifestation, token, signal, characteristic, omen, exponent, 2. mark; synonyms (n) brand, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. indication; synonyms (n) clue, index, designation, direction, forerunner, herald, emblem, gesture, harbinger, hint, reference, cue, allusion, inkling, intimation, 4. sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) motion, portent, poster, presage, wave, attribute, augury, banner, ensign, indicator, premonition, prognostic, (v) indicate, autograph, bless. belirtim specification; synonyms (n) designation, provision, stipulation, particular, condition, detail, description, spec, indication, particularization, case, clause, estimate, prerequisite, proviso.

belirtme specification; synonyms (n) designation, provision, stipulation, particular, condition, detail, description, spec, indication, particularization, case, clause, estimate, prerequisite, proviso. Belirtmek 1. specify; synonyms (v) name, designate, signify, define, assign, describe, determine, fix, prescribe, set, enumerate, mark, (n) detail, particularize, appoint; antonym (v) simplify, 2. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 3. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, denote, 4. import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) consequence, meaning, sense, effect, connotation, implication, importance, moment, purport, significance, value, betoken, intent, (v) matter, imply; antonym (v) export, 5. indicate (göstermek); synonyms (v) direct, augur, foretell, foreshadow, argue, bespeak, bode, evince, exhibit, mean, presage, suggest, finger, hint, evidence. belkemiği spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone, thorn, point, prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis, pricker, ridge, spur, sticker. belki 1. maybe; synonyms (adv) perhaps, possibly, peradventure, perchance, probably, debatably, questionably, conceivable, credible, feasible, imaginably, obtainable, potentially, (n) uncertainty; antonym (adv) definitely, 2. perhaps; synonyms (adv) maybe, mayhap, 3. possibly; synonym (adv) conceivably; antonyms (adv) impossibly, unimaginably. bellek 1. memory (anı, hafıza, hatıra); synonyms (n) memento, recall, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, remembering, retention, retrospect, storage, store, recognition, retrospection, (v) mind, 2. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget, 3. storage (depolama); synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory, preservation, stock, accumulation, entrepot, reposition, storehouse, warehousing.

belli 1. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 2. obvious; synonyms (adj) clear, visible, conspicuous, evident, flagrant, blatant, discernible, glaring, manifest, marked,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English noticeable, perceptible, undeniable, unmistakable, explicit; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, hidden, imperceptible, undetectable, concealed, slight, subtle, 3. explicit (açık); synonyms (adj) broad, direct, exact, lucid, sharp, perspicuous, emphatic, transparent, express, obvious, plain, precise, specific, clear-cut, flat; antonyms (adj) tacit, understood, unspoken, implicit, bland, 4. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, sure, assured, dependable, indisputable, reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable, infallible, particular, perfect, positive, (v) bound; antonyms (adj) doubtful, unsure, questionable, 5. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, say, state, tell, breathe, depict, (adj) especial, speedy, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, 6. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample, comprehensive, extensive, general, large, sweeping, vast, big, blanket, capacious, deep, full, inclusive, (n) female; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin. bemol flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy. ben 1. ego; synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride, arrogance, character, personality, id, psyche, temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride, 2. mole (köstebek); synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol, spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj) mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment. bencil selfish; synonyms (adj) mean, greedy, mercenary, egocentric, egoistic, egotistic, egotistical, self-centered, stingy, covetous, inconsiderate, sordid, thoughtless, exclusive, (v) contracted; antonyms (adj) unselfish, selfless, altruistic, generous. bencillik self (kendi, öz); synonyms (n) ego, person, being, individual, someone, character, essence, individuality, personality, selfness, soul, spirit, (adj) same. bende subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. benek 1. spot (leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, 2. dot (nokta); synonyms (n) point, spot, dash, splash, atom, bead, drop, mote, (v) sprinkle, disperse, splotch, dotation, scatter, (adj) iota, particle. beneklemek spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty,

61

location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw. benekli spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled, speckled, blotchy, dotted, flyblown, piebald, multicolored, dirty, spotty, stained, tainted, besmirched, damaged, freckled; antonym (adj) plain. beni me; synonym (n) myself. benimseme adoption (evlat edinme); synonyms (n) acceptance, espousal, assumption, borrowing, cooptation, enactment, maintenance, affiliation, (adj) conversion, inspiration, justification, regeneration, salvation, sanctification, (v) passage. benimsemek adopt; synonyms (v) accept, admit, affiliate, assume, borrow, espouse, pass, take, acquire, choose, embrace, follow, imitate, naturalize, prefer; antonym (v) reject. benlik ego (ben); synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride, arrogance, character, personality, id, psyche, temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride. bent 1. clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph, provision, rider, section, chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement, stipulation, (v) passage, 2. paragraph (paragraf); synonyms (n) item, head, division, part, piece, sentence, count, (v) clause. benzemek look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view. benzememek differ; synonyms (v) dissent, disagree, contradict, clash, deviate, diverge, depart, conflict, vary, dispute, diversify, quarrel, ablude; antonyms (v) agree, concur, conform, correspond. benzer 1. like (beğenmek, sevmek); synonyms (v) corresponding, enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy, (adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same, parallel, (n) love, relish; antonyms (prep) unlike, (v) dislike, (adj) different, 2. analogous; synonyms (adj) similar, akin, analogical, like, cognate, correspondent, related, matching; antonym (adj) dissimilar, 3. alike; synonyms (adv) equally, likewise, (adj) duplicate, even, likely; antonym (adv) differently, 4. parallel (koşut, paralel); synonyms (adj) level, (n) analogy, likeness, analog, analogue, counterpart, latitude, resemblance, similarity, (v) compare, match, agree, balance, collimate, fit; antonyms (adj) conflicting, (n) perpendicular, skew, 5. similar; synonyms (adj) conformable, resembling, kindred, such, twin, uniform, exchangeable, interchangeable, synonymous; antonyms (adj) incompatible, opposing, opposite, 6. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) competition, couple, peer, bout, contest, (v) mate, meet, accord, correspond,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

62

Turkish - English

harmonise, harmonize, fellow, pair, coincide, equalize; antonyms (v) clash, contradict. benzerlik 1. similarity; synonyms (n) correspondence, likeness, parallelism, kinship, parallel, identity, conformity, parity, sameness, semblance, affinity, comparison, resemblance, similitude, uniformity; antonyms (n) dissimilarity, difference, 2. analogy (örnekseme); synonyms (n) agreement, similarity, 3. comparison; synonyms (n) analogy, compare, comparing, contrast, connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability, equivalence, (prep) antithesis, 4. resemblance; synonyms (n) appearance, imitation, representation, 5. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport, relationship, penchant, attachment, consanguinity, inclination, kin, empathy, friendship, 6. identity (kimlik, özdeşlik); synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality, character, equality, person. benzersiz unique (tek); synonyms (adj) singular, only, odd, extraordinary, individual, solitary, alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive, exceptional, incomparable, inimitable, matchless, rare; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring.

benzeşim analogy (benzerlik, örnekseme); synonyms (n) semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity. benzetme comparison; synonyms (n) analogy, compare, likeness, resemblance, comparing, contrast, correspondence, parallel, similarity, connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability, (prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity. benzin 1. gas (gaz); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow, 2. petrol; synonyms (n) gas, flatulency, gun, nitromethane, alcohol, ethanol, gasohol, methanol, naphtha, throttle, vapour, 3. fuel (yakıt); synonyms (n) firewood, combustible, firing, (v) fire, arouse, encourage, excite, kindle, provoke, stimulate. beraber together (birlikte); synonyms (adv) jointly, conjointly, simultaneously, collectively, running, (adj) united, composed, stable, whole; antonyms (adv) individually, separately, independently, (adj) separate. beraberlik 1. unity (birlik); synonyms (n) union, agreement, concord, harmony, oneness, unison, completeness, integrity, consistency, identity, one, single, consensus, entirety, communion; antonyms (n) discord, separation, 2. tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, (v) link, bond,

attach, bind, join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo.

berbat 1. awful; synonyms (adj) abominable, appalling, awesome, dreadful, fearful, terrible, atrocious, bad, horrible, nasty, alarming, amazing, deplorable, detestable, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) excellent, great, marvelous, wonderful, lovely, nice, pleasant, 2. horrible (korkunç); synonyms (adj) awful, frightful, dire, fearsome, formidable, ghastly, grisly, cruel, dismal, hideous, monstrous, forbidding, fierce, hateful, (v) horrid, 3. miserable (sefil); synonyms (adj) mean, poor, meager, abject, desolate, downcast, low, measly, unhappy, distressed, lamentable, cheerless, contemptible, (v) forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, generous, 4. rotten (çürük); synonyms (adj) foul, fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt, crappy, decomposed, sour, stinking, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym (adj) fresh, 5. terrible (korkunç); synonyms (adj) direful, horrendous, horrific, horrifying, severe, shocking, painful, desperate, heinous, disastrous, extreme, frightening, grim, serious, terrific, 6. chronic (kronik); synonyms (adj) confirmed, habitual, inveterate, constant, accustomed, continuous, frequent, persistent, prolonged, regular, repeated, usual, (v) permanent; antonym (adj) temporary, 7. disgusting; synonyms (adj) disgustful, distasteful, execrable, loathsome, odious, offensive, disagreeable, abhorrent, dirty, noisome, obscene, rank, repellent, repugnant, repulsive; antonyms (adj) attractive, appealing, 8. dreadful; synonyms (adj) dread, grievous, tremendous, unspeakable, woeful, calamitous, arrant, disgusting, gruesome, macabre, outrageous, portentous, scandalous, sickening, terrifying, 9. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, base, despicable, hapless, paltry, vile, woebegone, squalid, (v) miserable, 10. shocking; synonyms (adj) disgraceful, shameful, lurid, revolting, ugly, flagrant, scary, astonishing, disreputable, evil, indecent, staggering, startling, surprising, (v) obnoxious; antonym (adj) admirable. bere wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain, injury, scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure, stab, sting, insult, maim, bite. bereket 1. abundance (bolluk); synonyms (n) wealth, amplitude, exuberance, plenitude, profusion, richness, store, treasure, affluence, breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility, (adj) plenty, riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity, aridity, insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. plenty (bolluk); synonyms (n) abundance, many, much, plenteousness, opulence, galore, flood, multitude, heap, lot, plentifulness, plentitude, (adj) adequate, ample, plentiful; antonyms (n) few, (adj) insufficient, 3. fertility (verimlilik); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English fecundity, birthrate, productivity, uberty, natality, prolificacy; antonyms (n) sterility, infertility. bereketli 1. fertile (verimli); synonyms (adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent, copious, exuberant, fruitful, creative, bountiful, inventive, luxuriant, prolific, rich, ample; antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile, 2. abundant (bol); synonyms (adj) generous, lush, thick, plenty, fertile, liberal, plentiful, substantial, teeming, abounding, considerable, enough, full, fulsome, great; antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager, 3. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) deep, luxurious, opulent, bright, heavy, grand, magnificent, mellow, plenteous, wealthy, well-off, delicate, elegant, (v) ornate, florid; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished, light, 4. productive (üretken); synonyms (adj) generative, helpful, lucrative, constructive, original, producing, profitable, efficient, gainful, economic, efficacious, imaginative, procreative, active, beneficial; antonyms (adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable.

berrak 1. clear (açık, belirgin, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 2. liquid; synonyms (adj) flowing, fluent, fluid, juicy, limpid, watery, sappy, succulent, mobile, smooth, (n) liquor, drink, juice, liquidness, sap; antonyms (adj) firm, (n) solid, gaseous. berraklık clarity; synonyms (n) clearness, limpidity, comprehensibility, precision, purity, coherence, lucidity, pellucidity, simplicity; antonyms (n) cloudiness, obscurity, vagueness, haziness, mistiness, opacity, uncertainty, unclearness. beş five; synonyms (n) cinque, quint, quintuplet, fin, ace, eight, fins, fivesome, interim, intermission, interval, jack, king, knave, (adj) quinary. besbelli 1. evident; synonyms (adj) apparent, obvious, distinct, clear, conspicuous, discernible, manifest, patent, plain, noticeable, open, certain, bright, marked, palpable; antonyms (adj) unclear, concealed, obscure, unnoticed, hidden, inconspicuous, 2. patent; synonyms (n) charter, (adj) overt, evident, explicit, transparent, unmistakable, visible, blatant, public, tangible, unconcealed, observable, unquestionable, 3. obvious; synonyms (adj) flagrant, glaring, perceptible, undeniable, definite, gross, indisputable, indubitable, lucid, prominent, salient, barefaced, intelligible, luminous, broad; antonyms (adj) imperceptible, undetectable, slight, subtle. besili fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful,

63

greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. besin food (gıda, yiyecek); synonyms (n) board, edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish, nourishment, sustenance, eating, fodder, meat, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum. besleme 1. feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v) starve, 2. feeding; synonyms (adj) tributary, depascent, (n) feed, alimentation, eating, nourishment, farming, casting, loading, victuals, 3. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give. beslemek 1. feed (yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v) starve, 2. foster; synonyms (v) cultivate, advance, cherish, breed, boost, foment, further, rear, support, educate, entertain, tend, keep, feed, nurse; antonym (v) neglect, 3. nurse (hemşire); synonyms (n) doctor, amah, care, nanny, (v) attend, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, raise, breastfeed, harbour, hold, suckle, minister. beslenmek feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v) starve. beste 1. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization, 2. tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air, concord, note, consonance, music, sound, tone, (v) adjust, regulate, chant, attune, string. besteci composer; synonyms (n) author, musician, penman, instrumentalist, artist, artiste, calligrapher, conductor, maestro, performer, player, singer. betik script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy, hand, book, handwriting, copy, document, inscription, lettering, letters, text, treatment, writing, playscript, record. betimleme description (tanım); synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation, depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character. betimlemek 1. describe; synonyms (v) define, delineate, depict, outline, report, represent, state, draw, relate, qualify, characterize, designate, explain, name, narrate, 2. represent (göstermek, temsil etmek); synonyms (v) portray, act, be, describe, embody, exemplify, illustrate, play, enact,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

64

Turkish - English

make, impersonate, comprise, constitute, (adj) express, denote. beton concrete (somut); synonyms (adj) actual, positive, physical, real, tangible, fixed, palpable, definite, firm, material, (n) cement, (v) coagulate, congeal, concretion, set; antonyms (adj) theoretical, intangible, abstract, hypothetical, incidental. bey 1. gentleman (centilmen); synonyms (n) man, male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble, gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity, (adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman, 2. ace (as); synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso, wizard, adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot, outstanding, particle, point, super, 3. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator. beyan 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement, statement, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2. statement; synonyms (n) account, declaration, communication, instruction, command, description, proposition, profession, argument, bill, remark, word, bulletin, explanation, record, 3. profession; synonyms (n) confession, employment, occupation, calling, career, job, vocation, position, assurance, business, craft, testimony, trade, work, avocation. beyanname declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement, statement, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial. beyaz 1. white (ak); synonyms (adj) fair, ashen, blank, clean, snowy, wan, achromatic, bloodless, livid, pallid, colorless, bright, good, (n) pale, (v) whiten; antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, (n) black, 2. blank (boş, boşluk); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled, vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj) animated, full, expressive.

beyefendi 1. gentleman (bey, centilmen); synonyms (n) man, male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble, gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity, (adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman, 2. sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman, master, don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi, magister, signore. beygir horse (at); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake, gander, hart. beyin 1. brain; synonyms (n) mastermind, genius, head, mind, reason, brainpower, brains,

encephalon, intelligence, mentality, nous, psyche, wit, prodigy, 2. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, inclination, regard, conscience, belief, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, guard, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget. bez 1. cloth (kumaş); synonyms (n) fabric, material, cover, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 2. fabric; synonyms (n) building, cloth, composition, frame, construction, framework, fiber, performance, anatomy, organization, production, texture, work, (v) edifice, structure. bezdirmek disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n) attraction, love, (v) delight, attract. biber pepper; synonyms (n) capsicum, peppercorn, (v) pelt, bombard, sprinkle, (adj) salt, season, spice. biberiye rosemary; synonyms (n) herb, thyme, basil, parsley, rosmarine, sage, marjoram. bıçak knife; synonyms (n) dagger, tongue, whittle, clapper, couteau, cuttle, cuttlefish, (v) stab, wound, jab, slit, betray, dig, (adj) blade, cutlery. bıçaklamak 1. knife (bıçak); synonyms (n) dagger, tongue, whittle, clapper, couteau, cuttle, cuttlefish, (v) stab, wound, jab, slit, betray, dig, (adj) blade, cutlery, 2. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, impale. biçare wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable, lamentable, low, mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, (v) miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy. biçem style (stil); synonyms (n) fashion, name, form, kind, method, mode, pattern, sort, cast, class, (v) call, entitle, cut, (adj) manner, character. biçim 1. form (form); synonyms (n) figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v) cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish, carve, construct, 2. shape (şekil); synonyms (n) mold, pattern, condition, configuration, frame, outline, (v) form, model, mould, determine, adjust, fit, influence, regulate, knead, 3. format; synonyms (n) size, formatting, organization, structure, template, construction, system, (v) set, coif, coiffe, coiffure, do, dress, initialise, initialize, 4. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, style, wise, (v) contrive, create, compose, adapt, 5. configuration; synonyms (n) arrangement, composition, constellation, contour, formation, 6. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) cause, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, drive, erect, execute, fabricate, fetch, gain, generate, prepare; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 7. mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, appearance, approach,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English modality, process, rage, type, vogue, kind, habit, garb, behavior, brand, mood, nature. biçimlemek format (biçim); synonyms (n) form, size, formatting, shape, organization, structure, template, mold, construction, system, (v) set, arrange, coif, coiffe, coiffure. biçimlendirmek 1. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, condition, configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make, adjust, carve, 2. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, appearance, (v) constitute, establish, construct, create, do, compose, comprise, contrive, 3. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, style, wise, (v) adapt, fit, forge, (adj) character. biçimsel formal (resmi); synonyms (adj) conventional, ceremonious, distant, ceremonial, courtly, elegant, official, prim, solemn, stately, cold, nominal, pedantic, precise, proper; antonyms (adj) informal, relaxed, unceremonious. biçimsiz ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental. bıçkı saw (testere); synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage, byword, proverb, dictum, maxim, saying, aphorism, axiom, motto. biçmek harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit, ingathering, produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap. bıkkın weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh. bıkmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh. bıkmış sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased, morbid, sickly, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, (v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy. bıktırmak disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n) attraction, love, (v) delight, attract. bilanço balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance.

65

bildik 1. acquaintance (tanıdık); synonyms (n) connection, familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship, mate, associate, awareness, buddy, companion, comrade, contact, conversance, conversancy, experience, (v) knowledge; antonyms (n) ignorance, stranger, 2. familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common, conversant, customary, everyday, intimate, commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, acquainted, chummy, (n) accustomed, habitual, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown. Bildir announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v) advertise, herald, declare, enunciate, proclaim, return, affirm, annunciate, broadcast, communicate, foretell, intimate, promulgate, publicize, publish.

bildiri 1. announcement (duyuru, ilan); synonyms (n) annunciation, notice, advertisement, declaration, communication, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, release, report, statement, intimation, bill, ad, assertion, 2. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum, predication, confession, bid; antonym (n) denial, 3. bulletin (bülten); synonyms (n) account, message, dispatch, news, communiqué, journal, leaflet, brochure, newsletter, newssheet, tidings, catalogue, list, pamphlet, update, 4. notice; synonyms (n) attention, information, mind, caution, heed, observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark, regard; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore, 5. manifesto; synonyms (n) pronunciamento, edict, policy, proposal, program, 6. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, name, fame, narration, narrative, notification, recital, record, story, intelligence, (v) describe, communicate, recount, relate; antonym (n) fact, 7. statement; synonyms (n) instruction, command, proposition, profession, argument, remark, word, bulletin, explanation, return, averment, contention, invoice, direction, (v) tale. bildirim 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement, statement, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2. notice; synonyms (n) advertisement, attention, declaration, information, mind, caution, heed, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore. bildirmek 1. inform; synonyms (v) communicate, acquaint, advise, impart, announce, enlighten, tell, familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, educate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

66

Turkish - English

instruct, state, warn, 2. declare; synonyms (v) affirm, allege, assert, say, attest, acknowledge, admit, aver, avow, proclaim, call, divulge, express, promulgate, pronounce; antonym (v) deny, 3. announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v) herald, declare, enunciate, return, annunciate, broadcast, foretell, intimate, publicize, publish, report, reveal, cry, voice, bill, 4. tell (anlatmak, söylemek); synonyms (v) relate, recount, command, describe, distinguish, enumerate, inform, notify, order, recite, ascertain, break, (n) disclose, count, number; antonym (v) request, 5. notice; synonyms (n) advertisement, attention, declaration, information, mind, caution, heed, message, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore, 6. advise (tavsiye etmek); synonyms (v) admonish, propose, recommend, suggest, exhort, forewarn, offer, urge, advocate, confer, submit, persuade, proposition, apprize, brief; antonym (v) oppose, 7. communicate; synonyms (v) deliver, carry, commune, convey, relay, transmit, pass, render, share, talk, interact, signal, connect, intercommunicate, partake, 8. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, notice, name, fame, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, story, intelligence, bulletin, (v) account; antonym (n) fact, 9. vote (oy); synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll, suffrage, franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v) elect. bile 1. even (çift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, constant, equable, equivalent, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven, inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal, 2. very (çok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much, considerably, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat. bilek wrist; synonyms (n) carpus, (v) finger, hand, paw. bileklik supporter; synonyms (n) partisan, admirer, ally, backer, follower, friend, patron, sponsor, advocate, believer, benefactor, champion, devotee, disciple, fan; antonyms (n) opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic. bileşen 1. component (parça); synonyms (n) constituent, factor, ingredient, part, detail, element, feature, member, unit, accessory, division, piece, portion, section, (adj) fundamental, 2. constituent; synonyms (adj) integral, (n) component, elector, item, agent; antonyms (n) aggregate, composite, whole. bileşik 1. composite (karma); synonyms (adj) aggregate, mixed, (n) complex, amalgam, blend, mix, combination, alloy, complicated, mixture, synthesis, (v) compound, 2. compound;

synonyms (n) concoction, brew, composition, preparation, compost, union, agree, (v) amalgamate, combine, compromise, augment, commingle, coalesce, multiply, (adj) composite; antonym (adj) simple. bileşim 1. combination; synonyms (n) alliance, blend, union, association, coalition, league, merger, amalgam, aggregate, amalgamation, collection, complex, composition, concoction, (adj) compound; antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple, 2. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, article, combination, composing, compost, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization, piece, production. bilet ticket; synonyms (n) pass, card, label, certificate, ballot, check, slate, tag, warrant, mark, slip, voucher, plank, platform, (v) fine. bilge wise (akıllı); synonyms (adj) judicious, reasonable, sensible, intelligent, knowing, prudent, rational, sagacious, sound, discreet, shrewd, sane, discerning, thoughtful, (n) method; antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise, stupid. bilgelik wisdom; synonyms (n) discretion, judiciousness, knowledge, prudence, sagacity, sapience, sense, discernment, insight, learning, depth, judgment, profundity, reasonableness, (v) lore; antonyms (n) foolishness, stupidity. bilgi 1. knowledge; synonyms (n) information, comprehension, acquaintance, erudition, grasp, intelligence, lore, science, understanding, enlightenment, attainment, appreciation, (v) cognition, (adj) art, wisdom; antonym (n) ignorance, 2. information (enformasyon); synonyms (n) advice, communication, data, evidence, note, report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info, instruction, material, warning, word, details, 3. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, (v) account, describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact, 4. data (veri); synonyms (n) facts, figures, file, postulate, proof, 5. intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) cleverness, intellect, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, knowledge, mentality, sharpness, wit, genius, aptitude, quickness, apprehension, astuteness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion, 6. acquaintance (tanıdık); synonyms (n) connection, familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship, mate, associate, awareness, buddy, companion, comrade, contact, conversance, conversancy, experience, friendship; antonym (n) stranger, 7. learning; synonyms (n) acquisition, education, culture, scholarship, acquirement, edification, letter, literature, reading, eruditeness, learnedness. bilgili 1. learned; synonyms (v) knowing, (adj) erudite, educated, enlightened, knowledgeable, wise, academic, scholarly, bookish, cultured, intellectual,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English lettered, literary, studious, informed; antonyms (adj) ignorant, innate, 2. informed; synonyms (adj) aware, cognizant, conscious, familiar, apprised, conversant, experienced, (adv) abreast. bilgin 1. scientist; synonyms (n) scholar, master, archaeologist, doctor, engineer, 2. scholar; synonyms (n) learner, pupil, academic, student, pundit, apprentice, intellectual, brain, disciple, adherent, follower; antonym (n) dilettante. bilginlik scholarship (burs); synonyms (n) erudition, learning, lore, education, award, learnedness, letters, reading, edification, allowance, science, eruditeness, literacy, prize, (v) knowledge. bilgisayar computer; synonyms (n) calculator, mainframe, machine, reckoner, laptop, computist, estimator, figurer, workstation, analog, brain, clone, compatible, (v) number, program. bilgisiz ignorant (cahil); synonyms (adj) unconscious, illiterate, rude, uneducated, unwitting, blind, dull, innocent, naive, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, barbarous, crude, shallow; antonyms (adj) knowledgeable, conscious. bilgisizlik ignorance (cehalet); synonyms (n) darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence, unwisdom, denseness, stupidity, obtuseness, unawareness, unenlightenment, night, unacquaintance, adversity, agnosticism; antonyms (n) knowledge, intelligence. bilhassa 1. particularly; synonyms (adv) especially, specially, only, chiefly, curiously, expressly, markedly, notably, peculiarly, principally, singly, very, individually, definitely, distinctly; antonym (adv) slightly, 2. expressly; synonyms (adv) particularly, explicitly, specifically, purposely, precisely, namely. bilim science; synonyms (n) learning, lore, knowledge, literature, skill, erudition, (adj) art. bilimsel scientific; synonyms (adj) technical, mathematical, exact, punctual, accurate, artistic, objective, shipshape, learned, precise, scientifical, analytical, clinical, detached, disinterested; antonym (adj) theoretical. bilinç consciousness; synonyms (n) awareness, feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance, mind, notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n) unconsciousness. bilinçli 1. conscious; synonyms (adj) aware, alive, calculated, cognizant, deliberate, mindful, premeditated, intended, discerning, self-conscious, intentional, knowing, knowledgeable, known, purposeful; antonyms (adj) unconscious, unaware, ignorant, 2. aware; synonyms (adj) awake, attentive, conscious, heedful, vigilant, sentient, alert, enlightened, observant, sensible, wary, watchful, appreciative, apprised, familiar.

67

bilinçsiz unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary, unaware, ignorant, subconscious, unwitting, oblivious, automatic, insensible, instinctive, senseless, unintentional, spontaneous, innocent, unknowing, unacquainted; antonyms (adj) conscious, awake, deliberate. bilinen 1. known; synonyms (adj) well-known, familiar, conscious, certain, accepted, acknowledged, plain, published, understood, evident, recognized, apparent, aware, common, apprised; antonyms (adj) nameless, unknown, secret, unidentified, 2. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent. Bilinmeyen unknown; synonyms (adj) secret, strange, hidden, unfamiliar, nameless, obscure, unidentified, anonymous, foreign, mysterious, new, undiscovered, (n) stranger, alien, foreigner; antonyms (adj) known, familiar, famous, recognized, well-known. bilirkişi 1. expert (uzman); synonyms (adj) adept, adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever, experienced, accomplished, ace, apt, (n) professional, proficient, critic, authority, connoisseur; antonyms (adj) unskilled, inept, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner, 2. authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, approval, 3. referee (hakem); synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, mediator, umpire, adjudicator, ref, moderator, intermediary, referendary, (v) arbitrate, mediate, adjudicate, intercede, 4. surveyor; synonyms (n) inspector, assessor, visitor, engineer, husband, ranger, supercargo, auditor, traveler, voyager. bilmek know (tanımak); synonyms (v) discern, comprehend, can, distinguish, have, recognize, understand, feel, acknowledge, agnise, agnize, apprehend, fathom, appreciate, (n) ken. bilye marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite, leopard, (v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint, stone, quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb. bin thousand; synonyms (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, thou, curtilage, gee, gigabyte, gm, gram, gramme, green, grounds, heap, jet. bina 1. building; synonyms (n) architecture, establishment, construction, fabric, fabrication, house, assembly, creation, mansion, structure, (v) edifice, pile, (adj) augmentative, augmenting, 2. construction; synonyms (n) building, formation, frame, organization, production, arrangement, constitution, make, making, reading, anatomy,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

68

Turkish - English

conformation, design, development, exposition; antonym (n) destruction, 3. structure (bünye, yapı); synonyms (n) form, shape, framework, composition, erection, system, build, configuration, scheme, skeleton, texture, complex, hull, order, machinery. binbaşı major (ana, büyük); synonyms (adj) chief, key, large, main, superior, considerable, master, grave, fundamental, great, higher, important, leading, overriding, principal; antonyms (adj) minor, unimportant, lesser, petty, slight. bindirmek clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush, clang, crash, discord, encounter, (v) jar, fight, impact, brawl, clank, collide, conflict, dispute; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree. binici rider; synonyms (n) horseman, appendix, equestrian, passenger, codicil, supplement, clause, provision, addition, condition, horse, proviso. binicilik riding; synonyms (v) horsemanship, (adj) awheel, (n) equitation, ride, travel, hundred, soke, tithing, snowboarding. binme 1. ride; synonyms (n) outing, run, lift, jaunt, voyage, (v) drive, bait, float, mount, rag, tease, harass, annoy, drift, (adj) bestride, 2. riding; synonyms (v) horsemanship, (adj) awheel, (n) equitation, ride, travel, hundred, soke, tithing, snowboarding. binmek 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission, committee, court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley. bir 1. one; synonyms (pron) any, man, (n) anybody, single, somebody, person, ace, (adj) certain, individual, lone, only, unique, some, singular, (adv) once, 2. single (tek); synonyms (adj) celibate, one, odd, particular, distinct, isolated, lonely, separate, simple, sole, solitary, exclusive, several, common, discrete; antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple, 3. an; synonym (conj) if, 4. a; synonyms (n) amp, ampere, angstrom, axerophthol, forenoon, morn, morning, (v) grammar, initiation, (adj) cream, elite, flower, masterpiece, pick, prime, 5. some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, sundry, extraordinary, quantitative. bira 1. beer; synonyms (n) cocktail, suds, bock, head, hops, lather, nip, oil, slops, snifter, soapsuds, (v) wine, stingo, liqueur, spirits, 2. ale; synonyms (n) beer, eale. birader brother; synonyms (n) fellow, pal, associate, buddy, chum, companion, compeer, comrade,

counterpart, crony, friend, mate, monk, peer, sidekick; antonym (n) sister. birahane pub; synonyms (n) bar, pothouse, barroom, inn, saloon, taphouse, ginmill, lounge, drinkery, gashouse. bırakmak 1. leave; synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 2. abandon; synonyms (v) relinquish, renounce, resign, vacate, evacuate, leave, waive, abdicate, chuck, ditch, drop, forfeit, forgo, maroon, scrap; antonyms (v) keep, support, maintain, (n) restraint, 3. allow (izin vermek); synonyms (v) acknowledge, accord, agree, give, grant, accede, acquiesce, accept, afford, authorize, bear, consent, enable, endure, (adj) admit; antonyms (v) forbid, prohibit, deny, reject, 4. dismiss; synonyms (v) discharge, cashier, cast, disband, discard, bounce, can, cease, dispatch, banish, disallow, discount, displace, dissolve, eject; antonyms (v) hire, employ, 5. let (izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow, lease, charter, have, rent, cause, countenance, demise, get, suffer, entitle, trust, (n) check, hindrance, impediment; antonym (v) prevent, 6. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, dip, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, shed, sink, decay, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 7. release (serbest bırakmak); synonyms (n) issue, liberation, departure, ransom, exemption, (v) exempt, free, liberate, pardon, absolve, acquit, deliver, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement, preservation, (v) capture, confine, imprison, arrest, catch, 8. fail; synonyms (v) abort, fade, bust, default, deteriorate, die, disappoint, flag, want, backfire, bomb, diminish, founder, (adj) abate, end; antonyms (v) succeed, triumph, 9. permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) license, let, assent, legalize, sanction, tolerate, warrant, approve, empower, yield, (n) licence, pass, authority, authorization, certificate; antonyms (v) ban, stop. bırakmamak stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. biraz 1. some (bazı); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det) any, (n) one, 2. somewhat; synonyms (adv) slightly, little, fairly, pretty, reasonably, moderately, quite, relatively, comparatively, middling, partially, passably, (pron) partly, (adj) something, tolerably; antonyms (adv) extremely,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English considerably, 3. slightly; synonyms (adv) lightly, slight, slenderly, faintly, small, hardly, barely, slimly, scarcely; antonyms (adv) very, excessively, infinitely, significantly, terribly, tremendously, much, particularly, solidly, 4. rather (oldukça); synonyms (adv) enough, instead, kinda, preferably, sooner. birazdan 1. presently; synonyms (adv) directly, immediately, now, shortly, soon, currently, instantly, just, forthwith, quickly, 2. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) early, presently, anon, betimes, promptly, soonly, briefly, erelong, fast, quick, speedily, afterward, curtly. birçok 1. many (çok); synonyms (adj) manifold, abundant, countless, frequent, various, innumerable, much, multiple, numerous, plentiful, several, different, numberless, (n) number; antonym (n) few, 2. multiple (kat); synonyms (adj) many, complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous, (n) coefficient; antonym (adj) simple. birden suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short, sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast, instantly, sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj) quickly, immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv) gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly. birdenbire 1. suddenly; synonyms (adv) abruptly, short, sudden, presto, dead, hastily, rapidly, fast, instantly, sharply, unawares, precipitously, (adj) quickly, immediately, instanter; antonyms (adv) gradually, increasingly, predictably, slowly, 2. abruptly; synonyms (adv) suddenly, bluntly, brusquely, curtly, gruffly, rudely, shortly; antonyms (adv) gently, civilly. bireşim synthesis (sentez); synonyms (n) combination, fusion, compound, incorporation, mixture, union, composite, unification, amalgam, complex, deduction; antonym (n) separation. birey 1. individual (bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, (n) human, creature, fellow, man, mortal; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n) collective, 2. person (kişi, şahıs); synonyms (n) individual, being, body, character, soul, life, homo, form, organism, personality, somebody, someone, substance, thing, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton. bireysel 1. individual (birey); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, (n) human, creature, fellow, man, mortal; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n) collective, 2. separate (ayırmak, ayrı, bölmek); synonyms (adj) detached, (v) detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate,

69

disconnect, discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, distinguish, divide; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate. biri 1. somebody (birisi); synonyms (pron) someone, anybody, (n) individual, person, personage, creature, man, mortal, body, homo, human, (adj) celebrity, hero, lion, notability; antonym (pron) nobody, 2. one (bir); synonyms (pron) any, (n) single, somebody, ace, anyone, unit, (adj) certain, lone, only, unique, some, singular, particular, sole, (adv) once, 3. any; synonyms (adj) all, either, whichever, every, several, alone, few, ony, quantitative, (n) aught, part, (pron) who, 4. someone; synonyms (n) self, party, one, soul. biricik 1. unique (benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj) singular, only, odd, extraordinary, individual, solitary, alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive, exceptional, incomparable, inimitable, matchless, rare; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring, 2. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) but, exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however, solely, hardly, (adj) exclusive, lone, one, sole, all. birikim accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard, pile, reserve, deposit, addition, aggregation, assemblage, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage. birikimli cumulative; synonyms (adj) accumulative, collective, increasing, aggregate, total, amassed, growing, summative, additional, combined, additory, advancing, augmenting, chain, heaped. birikinti deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw. birikme accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard, pile, reserve, deposit, addition, aggregation, assemblage, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage. birikmek collect (toplamak); synonyms (v) assemble, accumulate, amass, gather, pick, accrue, acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, congregate, convene, cull, harvest, hoard; antonyms (v) disperse, distribute. birikmiş cumulative; synonyms (adj) accumulative, collective, increasing, aggregate, total, amassed, growing, summative, additional, combined, additory, advancing, augmenting, chain, heaped. biriktirme accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard, pile, reserve, deposit, addition, aggregation, assemblage, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage. biriktirmek 1. collect (toplamak); synonyms (v) assemble, accumulate, amass, gather, pick, accrue, acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, congregate, convene, cull, harvest, hoard; antonyms (v) disperse, distribute, 2. save (kurtarmak,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

70

Turkish - English saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize,

rescue, conserve, free, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except, but; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 3. gather (toplamak); synonyms (v) deduce, collect, compile, flock, garner, meet, tuck, earn, rally, reap, derive, converge, extract, conclude, (n) fold; antonym (v) scatter, 4. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, supply, accumulation, fund, place, (v) stock, bank, cache, pile, save. birim 1. unit (ünite); synonyms (n) troop, element, group, squad, aggregate, cell, team, detachment, member, ace, company, component, part, section, (adj) one, 2. module (modül); synonyms (n) faculty, paradigm, subarray, bay, classes, constituent, course, diameter, lessons, program, protoplast, curriculum, piece, staff, 3. volume (cilt, hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) bulk, size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension, amount, capacity, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness. birinci 1. first (ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost, before, rather, early, (adj) best, beginning, chief, primitive, former, forward, head, initial, leading, maiden, (n) commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, (n) end, 2. premier (başbakan); synonyms (adj) first, arch, main, principal, (n) chancellor, minister, (v) premiere, 3. primary (birincil); synonyms (adj) basic, elementary, essential, major, original, fundamental, preliminary, primal, aboriginal, basal, capital, central, dominant, (n) paramount, cardinal; antonym (adj) secondary. birincil primary; synonyms (adj) chief, basic, elementary, essential, first, foremost, major, original, fundamental, initial, preliminary, primal, (n) paramount, main, cardinal; antonym (adj) secondary. birisi 1. somebody (biri); synonyms (pron) someone, anybody, (n) individual, person, personage, creature, man, mortal, body, homo, human, (adj) celebrity, hero, lion, notability; antonym (pron) nobody, 2. someone; synonyms (pron) somebody, anyone, (n) self, party, one, soul. birkaç 1. several; synonyms (adj) many, different, individual, various, numerous, particular, separate, special, manifold, respective, (v) diverse, divers, sundry, (n) some, (det) any; antonym (adj) few, 2. some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) certain, several, extraordinary, quantitative, (n) one. birleşik 1. joint (eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate;

antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate, 2. combined; synonyms (adj) joint, united, aggregate, amalgamated, concerted, incorporate, conjunct, conjunctive, connected, fused, joined, (adv) jointly, together; antonym (adj) simple, 3. united; synonyms (adj) combined, allied, mixed, undivided, unanimous, conjoint, linked, one, associated, coupled, inseparable, solid, (v) consolidated, (n) harmonious; antonym (adj) divided. birleşme 1. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n) nonalignment, 2. coalition; synonyms (n) alliance, coalescence, confederation, fusion, junction, compact, bond, consolidation, federation, unification, 3. accord (ahenk, anlaşma); synonyms (n) agreement, assent, consensus, harmony, consonance, (v) agree, concord, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 4. union (birlik); synonyms (n) coupling, marriage, matrimony, conjunction, joint, brotherhood, club, concurrence, conjugation, fraternity, guild, link, partnership, synthesis, unison; antonyms (n) separation, divergence, 5. unification; synonyms (n) blending, conglutination; antonyms (n) division, segregation. birleşmek 1. join (birleştirmek); synonyms (v) connect, unite, associate, combine, link, graft, assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix, annex, conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v) detach, secede, separate, split, undo, 2. ally; synonyms (n) confederate, accomplice, companion, friend, colleague, partner, accessory, adherent, assistant, auxiliary, comrade, (v) align, support, band, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, foe, opponent, 3. combine; synonyms (v) amalgamate, blend, fuse, piece, aggregate, coalesce, incorporate, join, league, merge, mix, alloy, add, (n) cartel, combination. birleşmiş united; synonyms (adj) joined, joint, combined, cooperative, connected, allied, mutual, concerted, mixed, common, conjunctive, undivided, conjunct, unanimous, (v) consolidated; antonyms (adj) individual, separate, divided. birleştirme 1. combination; synonyms (n) alliance, blend, union, association, coalition, league, merger, amalgam, aggregate, amalgamation, collection, complex, composition, concoction, (adj) compound; antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple, 2. unification; synonyms (n) combination, fusion, synthesis, consolidation, blending, conglutination; antonyms (n) division, segregation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

71

birleştirmek 1. join (birleşmek); synonyms (v)

confederation, 7. alliance (ittifak); synonyms

connect, unite, associate, combine, link, graft, assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix, annex, conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v) detach, secede, separate, split, undo, 2. combine; synonyms (v) amalgamate, blend, fuse, piece, aggregate, coalesce, incorporate, join, league, merge, mix, alloy, band, (n) cartel, combination, 3. couple (çift); synonyms (n) brace, yoke, duo, dyad, twosome, (v) pair, copulate, tie, match, mate, fasten, wed, bridge, add, (adj) hook; antonym (v) uncouple, 4. joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, twin, (n) articulation, hinge, seam, connection, joining, junction, juncture, (v) articulate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, 5. compound; synonyms (n) complex, amalgam, concoction, mixture, brew, composition, preparation, compost, union, (v) compromise, augment, commingle, multiply, (adj) composite, mixed; antonym (adj) simple, 6. ally; synonyms (n) confederate, accomplice, companion, friend, colleague, partner, accessory, adherent, assistant, auxiliary, comrade, (v) align, support, marry, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, foe, opponent, 7. bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) association, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, joint, adhesion, chain, contract, fetter, ligament, (v) bind, adhere, 8. pool (havuz); synonyms (n) plash, lake, pond, mere, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards, lough, store, bank, jackpot, loch, (v) consolidate. birli ace (as); synonyms (n) expert, one, virtuoso, wizard, adept, master, star, (adj) crack, dot, iota, jot, outstanding, particle, point, super. birlik 1. union; synonyms (n) coalition, connection, junction, association, combination, league, merger, alliance, coalescence, confederacy, coupling, fusion, marriage, matrimony, unification; antonyms (n) separation, divergence, 2. unity; synonyms (n) union, agreement, concord, harmony, oneness, unison, completeness, integrity, consistency, identity, one, single, consensus, entirety, communion; antonym (n) discord, 3. combination; synonyms (n) blend, amalgam, aggregate, amalgamation, collection, complex, composition, concoction, consolidation, federation, group, integration, mix, mixture, (adj) compound; antonym (adj) simple, 4. solidarity; synonyms (n) community, fellowship, cooperation, sodality, unity, body, friendship, coherence, amity, collaboration, companionship, company, comradeship, (adj) solidity, 5. association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, assembly, affinity, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, brotherhood, club, communication, conference, (v) assemblage, 6.

(n) alignment, alinement, organization, bond,

confederation, conjunction, guild, party, relation, relationship, agnation; antonym (n) nonalignment, 8. unit (birim, ünite); synonyms (n) troop, element, squad, cell, team, detachment, member, ace, component, part, section, system, whole, crew, division. birlikte together (beraber); synonyms (adv) jointly, conjointly, simultaneously, collectively, running, (adj) united, composed, stable, whole; antonyms (adv) individually, separately, independently, (adj) separate. birliktelik association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company, fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage. birörnek uniform (üniforma); synonyms (adj) regular, even, constant, steady, equal, consistent, same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level, unchanging, fixed, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal. birtakım some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det) any, (n) one. bisiklet 1. bicycle; synonyms (n) machine, vehicle, coach, rack, (v) bike, wheel, cycle, pedal, motorcycle, drive, roll, 2. cycle; synonyms (n) bicycle, circle, round, ring, sequence, circuit, period, turn, bout, beat, run, age, interval, orbit, revolution, 3. bike; synonym (n) motorbike. bisküvi biscuit; synonyms (n) cookie, cooky, beige, head, tan, slug, spray, (adj) glamorous. bit bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling. bitap exhausted; synonyms (v) weak, (adj) drained, fatigued, spent, tired, gone, dry, beat, depleted, empty, enervated, faint, jaded, weary, expended; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, refreshed, strong. bitik wan; synonyms (v) pale, (adj) pallid, cadaverous, ghastly, sickly, faint, haggard, ashen, colorless, pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid, weak, ashy; antonym (adj) strong. bitirme 1. completion (tamamlama); synonyms (n) close, accomplishment, achievement, attainment, consummation, finish, closing, conclusion, ending, fulfillment, performance, complement, end, execution, perfection; antonym (n) start, 2. finishing; synonyms (adj) last, final, ultimate, (n) completion, coating. bitirmek 1. end (bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n) close, aim, closure, destination, conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, (v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

72

Turkish - English

antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. complete (eksiksiz, tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, full, stark, accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, execute, act, attain, clear, effect; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial, unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 3. finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end, determine, consume, do, stop, culminate, deplete, exhaust, expire, (n) ending, finale, glaze, accomplishment, coating, completion, 4. conclude; synonyms (v) gather, assume, deduce, resolve, settle, terminate, decide, derive, generalize, judge, reason, understand, suppose, quit, dispatch. bitiş finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease, determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close, consummate, conclusion, death, conclude; antonyms (v) start, begin, continue, (n) beginning. bitişik 1. adjacent; synonyms (adj) abutting, adjoining, close, contiguous, conterminous, nearby, neighboring, next, touching, bordering, handy, immediate, nigh, (adv) near; antonym (adj) distant, 2. attached; synonyms (adj) connected, affectionate, affiliated, committed, associated, devoted, fond, loving, loyal; antonyms (adj) detached, separate, unmarried.

bitiştirmek joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate. bitki plant; synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory, herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found, lay, bury. bitkiler vegetation; synonyms (n) flora, growth, plants, foliage, quietism, plant, bushes, flowers, idleness, shrubs, undergrowth, grass, leaves. bitkin 1. weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 2. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable, lamentable, low, mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, (v) miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy, 3. worn; synonyms (v) decayed, rotten, (adj) haggard, shabby, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn, jaded, careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed, raddled, seedy; antonym (adj) new, 4. spent; synonyms (v) evanid, past, slack, (adj) prostrate, expended, finished, gone, dead, effete, drained, weary, worn, fagged; antonym (adj) remaining. bitkinlik 1. fatigue; synonyms (n) exhaustion, tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v) exhaust, tire,

weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass, jade, wear, drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v) refresh, 2. exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue, consumption, enervation, lassitude, weakening, expenditure, debilitation, enfeeblement, (adj) collapse, prostration, apoplexy, deliquium. bitmek 1. end (bitirmek, erek, son); synonyms (n) close, aim, closure, destination, conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, (v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence; antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. finish (son); synonyms (v) end, achieve, execute, accomplish, determine, consume, do, stop, (n) consummate, ending, finale, glaze, accomplishment, coating, completion, 3. conclude; synonyms (v) gather, assume, deduce, resolve, settle, terminate, decide, derive, generalize, judge, reason, understand, suppose, quit, dispatch, 4. cease (durmak); synonyms (v) break, abstain, drop, desist, expire, halt, lapse, leave, pause, block, abandon, cut, (n) termination, cessation, (adj) abate, 5. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, dwell, hinder, (n) hold, stay, check, arrest, bar, curb; antonyms (v) encourage, permit, prolong. bitmemiş incomplete; synonyms (adj) defective, deficient, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, halfway, lacking, short, unfinished, half, insufficient, fragmentary, sketchy, scarce, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) complete, finished, whole. bitmiş 1. finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete, completed, ended, perfect, consummate, absolute, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough, 2. done (tamam); synonyms (adj) finished, gone, through, 3. over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on, too, crosswise, anew, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) extra, odd, past. bitti done (tamam); synonyms (adj) finished, complete, completed, over, gone, through, (adv) ended; antonym (adj) unfinished. biyografi biography; synonyms (n) autobiography, history, life, memoirs, memoir, story, animation. biyoloji biology; synonyms (n) physiology, anatomy, biota. biyolojik biological; synonyms (adj) biologic, organic, environmental, natal, natural, physical, true, actual, birth, ecological, genetic, geographical, geological, real. biyopsi biopsy; synonyms (n) analysis, radiology, examination, urinalysis. biz us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman. bize us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman. bizi us; synonyms (n) aurochs, demigod, superman.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English bizzat personally; synonyms (adv) individually, directly, confidentially, intimately, privately, specially, well, secretly, separately, closely, individualistically, instinctively, intuitively, narrowly, particularly. blok block (tıkamak); synonyms (n) bar, barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder, encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open. blucin jeans; synonyms (n) pants, chinos, khakis, slacks, dungarees. böbrek kidney; synonyms (n) class, variety, feather, kind, nature, stripe, mettle, type, description, order, nephros, waiter. böcek insect; synonyms (n) bug, worm, bird, fish, louse, beast, amphibian, animal, crustacean, mammal, (adj) animalcule, maggot, midge, minnow, shrimp. bodrum 1. basement; synonyms (n) cellar, base, bottom, vault, kitchen, offices, pantry, scullery, footing, catacomb, floor, sepulcher, stomach, tomb, 2. cellar (kiler); synonyms (n) basement, cellarage, winery, cockpit, hold, bound, cell, vineyard, chateau, curvet, estate, jump, leap, spring, tumble. bodur 1. short (kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 2. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, highpitched, loud, important, piercing. boğa bull; synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder. boğaz 1. throat; synonyms (n) gullet, orifice, pharynx, gorge, mouth, muzzle, chimney, flue, funnel, nostril, nozzle, quarl, shaft, sucker, 2. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. boğazlamak butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay. boğuk thick (kalın); synonyms (adj) dense, compact, stupid, crowded, dull, heavy, opaque, slow, stocky, close, deep, dim, familiar, fat, gross; antonyms (adj) thin, intelligent, bright, sparse, clever, diluted, fine, slight, transparent. boğum 1. node (düğüm); synonyms (n) knob, connection, joint, knot, nodosity, nub, swelling, client, guest, 2. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster,

73

tie, loop, bunch, gang, lump, tangle, band, burl, crowd, (v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten. boğuşmak 1. buffet (büfe); synonyms (n) blow, canteen, restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit, knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle, (v) fight, attempt, dispute, endeavor, labor, quarrel; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. bohça 1. pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n) bundle, mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch, backpack, box, gang, (v) crowd, compress, heap, cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack, 2. package (paket); synonyms (n) pack, packaging, packet, parcel, carton, container, collection, (v) wrap; antonym (v) unwrap, 3. bundle; synonyms (n) cluster, pile, sheaf, group, load, package, stack, wad, set, lot, mass, mint, mound, mountain, (v) clump. bok shit; synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker, dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure. boks boxing; synonyms (n) pugilism, fisticuffs, packing, sparring, backpacking, fisticuff, handyfight, parcelling, fistfight, slugfest, wadding, (adj) fighting. boksör fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler, belligerent, champion, soldier, warrior, militant, activist, crusader. bol 1. abundant; synonyms (adj) copious, generous, lush, luxuriant, thick, plenty, affluent, ample, fertile, fruitful, liberal, plentiful, prolific, rich, substantial; antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager, 2. ample; synonyms (adj) abundant, big, broad, large, considerable, full, heavy, roomy, sizable, spacious, sufficient, voluminous, adequate, bountiful, capacious; antonyms (adj) inadequate, small, insufficient, 3. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) productive, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent, bright, fecund, grand, magnificent, mellow, plenteous, wealthy, well-off, (v) ornate, florid; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished, light, 4. generous; synonyms (adj) benevolent, charitable, fair, flush, kind, benign, bounteous, handsome, kindly, munificent, noble, open, philanthropic, unstinting, (n) free; antonyms (adj) stingy, mean, measly, miserly, tightfisted, avaricious, greedy, ungenerous, 5. full (dolu); synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, enough, extensive, total, detailed, comprehensive, good, plump, undivided, whole, wide, all, (n) entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 6. large (büyük, geniş); synonyms (adj) bulky, high, great, gross, hefty, huge, important, stout, colossal, commodious, enormous, expansive, giant, gigantic, immense; antonyms (adj) cramped, insignificant, 7.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

74

Turkish - English handsome (güzel, yakışıklı); synonyms (adj) elegant, beautiful, charming, fine, attractive, comely, bonny, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful, lovely, prepossessing, pretty, decent, tidy; antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive, 8. liberal; synonyms (adj) giving, tolerant, lavish, easy, bighearted, enlightened, freehanded, permissive, left, frank, indulgent, lenient, advanced, gratuitous, (n) progressive; antonyms (adj) strict, oppressive, totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative, 9. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, dissolute, licentious, vague, detached, immoral, lewd, incoherent, clear, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, compact, wedged, 10. wealthy (zengin); synonyms (adj) moneyed, prosperous, loaded, abounding, monied, successful, thriving, 11. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym (adj) fresh, 12. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) vast, expanded, extended, sweeping, blanket, general, cavernous, encompassing, gaping, inaccurate, panoptic, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, restricted.

Böl 1. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 2. divide (ayırmak, bölmek); synonyms (v) distribute, part, dissociate, apportion, detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, share, split, deal, distinguish, carve, disjoint, allot. bölge 1. zone; synonyms (n) area, district, region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer, territory, province, neighborhood, orbit, circuit, division, 2. region; synonyms (n) land, country, field, domain, part, range, department, expanse, ground, place, dominion, demesne, direction, extent, position, 3. district; synonyms (n) community, county, jurisdiction, constituency, hemisphere, municipality, sector, sphere, state, tract, vicinity, ward, environs, (adj) local, (v) zone, 4. belt (kemer, kuşak); synonyms (n) ribbon, strap, knock, strip, bang, stretch, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, flog, 5. ward; synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody, protection, care, defense, keep, protege, pupil, cellblock, (v) shelter, protect, defend, (adj) screen, cover, 6. section (bölüm, kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, episode, partition, subdivision, arm, article, fraction, (v) segment, 7. area (alan); synonyms (n) size, width, breadth, compass, room, scope, space, dimension, line, topic, grounds, ambit, capacity, discipline, (adj) regional, 8. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet,

dissertation, lot, plot, track, tractate, treatise, discourse, exposition, parcel, park, patch, pathway, 9. quarter (çeyrek); synonyms (n) mercy, quart, fourth, grace, poop, side, clemency, flank, (v) lodge, put, accommodate, billet, canton, divide, lay, 10. sector (kesim); synonyms (n) quadrant, arena. bölgesel regional; synonyms (adj) district, local, parochial, sectional, neighborhood, topical, native, community, home, neighboring; antonym (adj) central. bolluk 1. abundance (bereket); synonyms (n) wealth, amplitude, exuberance, plenitude, profusion, richness, store, treasure, affluence, breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility, (adj) plenty, riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity, aridity, insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. plenty; synonyms (n) abundance, many, much, plenteousness, opulence, galore, flood, multitude, heap, lot, plentifulness, plentitude, (adj) adequate, ample, plentiful; antonyms (n) few, (adj) insufficient, 3. wealth; synonyms (n) capital, fortune, property, mammon, resources, assets, excess, prosperity, possession, cornucopia, overabundance, plethora, possessions, (v) money, gold; antonyms (n) poverty, penury, 4. flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, (v) trickle, 5. stack (yığın, yığmak); synonyms (n) pile, accumulation, mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, hoard, collection, haystack, (v) load, pack, 6. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) shop, market, business, emporium, reserve, supply, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, collect. Bölme 1. division (bölüm); synonyms (n) department, disagreement, allotment, branch, break, class, compartment, part, section, split, cleavage, classification, category, (adj) constituent, (v) distribution; antonyms (n) closeness, convergence, estimation, unification, 2. compartment; synonyms (n) cell, division, cabin, cubicle, separation, bay, booth, cubbyhole, (v) apartment, partition, 3. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, veil, guard, curtain, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak, 4. bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. bölmek 1. divide (ayırmak); synonyms (v) cut, distribute, part, dissociate, apportion, detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, separate, share, split, deal, distinguish, (n) break; antonyms (v) unite, join, 2. split (ayırmak, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English divide, divorce, breach, cleave, division, fork, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft; antonym (v) merge, 3. separate (ayırmak, ayrı); synonyms (adj) detached, individual, particular, single, disjoined, (v) insulate, scatter, discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, isolate, demarcate, differentiate, disengage; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) mix, combine, fuse, link, associate, 4. segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) paragraph, bit, piece, portion, slice, proportion, length, sector, subdivision, metamere, parcel, block, strip, (v) section, partition, 5. section (bölüm, kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) compartment, percentage, class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode, region, quarter, area, arm, article, district, (v) segment. bölüm 1. section (kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) division, part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode, partition, region, (v) segment, 2. chapter; synonyms (n) article, convocation, head, section, stage, caput, installment, 3. department; synonyms (n) bureau, area, agency, faculty, arm, domain, field, line, office, realm, subject, service, district, group, kingdom, 4. division; synonyms (n) disagreement, allotment, break, split, cleavage, classification, category, component, difference, discord, cut, demarcation, sharing, (adj) constituent, (v) distribution; antonyms (n) closeness, convergence, estimation, unification, 5. part (parça); synonyms (n) character, share, bit, element, factor, fragment, (v) disjoin, divide, divorce, cleave, dissociate, depart, detach, disconnect, disunite; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 6. episode; synonyms (n) affair, event, incident, occurrence, happening, occasion, circumstance, subdivision, anecdote, experience, fact, instalment, interlude, parenthesis, sequence, 7. portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) allot, parcel, dole, allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune, member, apportion, (v) lot, dividend, assign, dispense, distribute, 8. segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) paragraph, slice, proportion, length, sector, metamere, block, strip, chunk, 9. bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl, 10. category (kategori, ulam); synonyms (n) denomination, kind, type, variety, form, level, sort, cohort, plight, brand, breed, collection, estate, family, grade, 11. branch (dal, dallanmak, şube); synonyms (n) jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, limb, offshoot, outgrowth, shoot, stem, stick, twig, scion, (v) fork, diverge, (adj) tributary. bölümsel partial (kısmi); synonyms (adj) incomplete, imperfect, fragmentary, unfair, sectional, inequitable, biased, part, unequal, halfway,

75

partisan, prejudiced, unfinished, unjust, (v) party; antonyms (adj) complete, impartial, total, absolute, comprehensive, unbiased. bölünen dividend; synonyms (n) allotment, bonus, gain, division, portion, profit, balance, revenue, (v) share.

bölünme 1. split (ayırmak, bölmek, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 2. division (bölüm); synonyms (n) department, disagreement, allotment, branch, class, compartment, part, section, split, classification, category, component, difference, (adj) constituent, (v) distribution; antonyms (n) closeness, convergence, estimation, unification. bölünmek 1. divide (ayırmak, bölmek); synonyms (v) cut, distribute, part, dissociate, apportion, detach, disconnect, dismember, dispense, separate, share, split, deal, distinguish, (n) break; antonyms (v) unite, join, 2. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, fracture, slit, burst, divide, divorce, breach, cleave, division, fork, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft; antonym (v) merge.

bölüşmek 1. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 2. share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay, paylaşmak); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense, partition, assign; antonym (v) control. bölüt segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) division, paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice, proportion, length, cut, sector, (v) section, part, divide, partition. bomba 1. bomb (bombalamak); synonyms (n) grenade, shell, dud, rocket, bullet, explosive, fiasco, failure, (v) blast, bombard, fail, flop, explode, 2. egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball, rudiment, eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock, bud, embryo, nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning. bombalamak 1. bomb (bomba); synonyms (n) grenade, shell, dud, rocket, bullet, explosive, fiasco, failure, (v) blast, bombard, fail, flop, explode, 2. blast; synonyms (n) bang, slam, burst, gust, (v) attack, blare, blight, bomb, boom, detonate, roar, smash, blow, (adj) discharge, explosion. bono bond (bağ); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band, adhere. bonservis 1. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, nature, note, part, quality, role, type, brand,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

76

Turkish - English

constitution, description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, 2. reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer. bora storm; synonyms (n) tempest, attack, shower, blizzard, burst, gust, hurricane, (v) rage, rush, assault, fume, hail, charge, bluster, invade. borç debt; synonyms (n) debit, score, due, liability, obligation, bill, commitment, indebtment, charge, amount, cost, damage, deduction, dette, dueness. borçlu debtor; synonyms (n) bankrupt, debitor, levanter, stag, welsher, delinquent, insolvent, nonpayer, cheat. borsa 1. exchange (santral); synonyms (n) commutation, swap, switch, commerce, conversion, substitute, (v) change, barter, interchange, commute, counterchange, alternate, alter, cash, convert, 2. market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle, merchandise, sale. boru 1. pipe (pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit, channel, duct, flue, hose, passage, pipage, (v) cry, peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak, 2. tube; synonyms (n) pipe, subway, cylinder, metro, hosepipe, television, box, piping, bulb, shaft, roll, tubing, underground, 3. horn (boynuz, korna); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool, ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v) butt. boş 1. empty (boşaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill, 2. free (açık, bedava, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, open, (v) exempt, liberate, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease, release; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 3. blank (boşluk); synonyms (adj) empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus, lacuna; antonyms (adj) animated, expressive, 4. vacant; synonyms (adj) devoid, free, idle, unoccupied, void, vacuous, inane, available, listless, disengaged, unemployed, glassy, unthinking, 5. idle (aylak); synonyms (adj) inactive, indolent, lazy, baseless, frivolous, fruitless, groundless, unfounded, flimsy, dead, futile, jobless, light, (v) loaf, moon; antonyms (adj) active, employed, (v) change, 6. waste; synonyms

(n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, dissipation, garbage, (adj) spoil, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin,

squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 7. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, frugal, gaunt, redundant, (v) meager, economize, (n) extra, backup, 8. meaningless; synonyms (adj) insignificant, pointless, stupid, useless, worthless, absurd, needless, purposeless, senseless, illogical, silly. boşalma discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire. boşalmak empty (boş, boşaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill. boşaltma discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire. boşaltmak 1. empty (boş); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill, 2. discharge; synonyms (n) release, dismissal, (v) acquit, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty, exonerate; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 3. pour; synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant, flow, pelt, scatter, stream, emit, jet, run, teem, effuse, deluge, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle. boşamak divorce; synonyms (n) separation, divorcement, rupture, (v) detach, dissociate, disunite, separate, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint, disassociate, part, sever, split; antonyms (n) marriage, wedding. boşanma divorce; synonyms (n) separation, divorcement, rupture, (v) detach, dissociate, disunite, separate, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint, disassociate, part, sever, split; antonyms (n) marriage, wedding. boşanmak divorce; synonyms (n) separation, divorcement, rupture, (v) detach, dissociate, disunite, separate, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint, disassociate, part, sever, split; antonyms (n) marriage, wedding. boşluk 1. blank (boş); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj) animated, full, expressive, 2. gap (aralık); synonyms (n) break, cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture, opening, vacancy, blank, chink, (v) breach, 3. vacuum; synonyms (n) void, vacuity, nothingness, inanity, 4. space (alan, aralık, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) length, period, place, scope, margin, distance, extent, interval, latitude, location, range, room, field, volume, berth, 5. hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, den, pocket, burrow, cave, corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, pit, vent, cavern, cranny, cell. bot boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. boy 1. length (uzunluk); synonyms (n) extent, distance, range, duration, compass, depth, dimension, longness, measurement, size, quantity, degree, (v) expanse, tract, area; antonyms (n) briefness, shortness, width, 2. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimensions, largeness, glue, amount, breadth, magnitude, mass, sizing, proportion, (v) gauge, scale, (adj) gum; antonyms (n) length, slenderness, 3. tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan, house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind. boya 1. paint (boyamak); synonyms (n) painting, tint, coating, (v) color, dye, daub, coat, decorate, depict, varnish, enamel, apply, lacquer, describe, draw, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) discolor, discolour, distort, tinge. boyacı painter; synonyms (n) artist, limner, cable, catamount, cougar, guy, halser, hawser, line. boyama painting (resim); synonyms (n) picture, portrait, likeness, depiction, icon, design, image, coat, drawing, art. boyamak 1. paint (boya); synonyms (n) painting, tint, coating, (v) color, dye, daub, coat, decorate, depict, varnish, enamel, apply, lacquer, describe, draw, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) discolor, discolour, distort, tinge. böyle 1. so; synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise, 2. such; synonyms (adv) what, (adj) like, sic, sich, slik, swich, resembling, 3. thus (böylece); synonyms (adv) so, thence, ergo, thusly. böylece 1. thus (böyle); synonyms (adv) therefore, then, consequently, so, hence, accordingly, thence, ergo, thusly, 2. so (böyle); synonyms (adv) as, thus, indeed, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise.

77

boynuz horn (korna); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool, ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v) butt. boyun neck; synonyms (n) throat, cervix, neckline, lapel, beard, (v) pet, cut, love, manage, kiss, behead, bang, bed, (adj) stricture, wasp.

boyuna always (daima, hep, her zaman); synonyms (adv) forever, continuously, whenever, eternally, ever, unceasingly, consistently, constantly, continually, e'er, everlastingly, evermore, hourly, (adj) still, eternal; antonyms (adv) never, erratically. boyunbağı tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind, join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo. boyunca 1. along; synonyms (adv) ahead, forward, lengthwise, on, onward, endlong, (prep) beside, (prf) by; antonym (adv) across, 2. over; synonyms (adv) beyond, more, o'er, too, crosswise, anew, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past, gone, 3. throughout; synonyms (adv) around, about, bodily, passim. boyut 1. dimension; synonyms (n) degree, breadth, bulk, magnitude, size, attribute, length, proportion, range, dimensions, bigness, stretch, amount, extent, mass, 2. size (büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, capacity, dimension, largeness, quantity, glue, measurement, sizing, content, compass, enormity, fatness, (v) gauge, scale, (adj) gum; antonym (n) slenderness. boyutlar dimensions; synonyms (n) bulk, size, capacity, volume, magnitude, extent, body, book, coil, compass, convolution, figure, gauge, physique, (v) admeasure. boz grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray. bozdurmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. cash (para); synonyms (n) ready, bread, capital, change, funds, money, coin, coins, currency, exchange, means, needful, wealth, (v) encash, liquidate; antonym (n) credit. bozgun defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin, beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat, conquer, abolish, baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout, subdue, (adj) rebuff; antonyms (n) victory, success, win, (v) lose, surrender. bozma dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis, dismissal, annulment, death, dissipation, demise,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

78

Turkish - English

adjournment, departure, disintegration, licentiousness. bozmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate, 3. disturb; synonyms (v) agitate, disconcert, disorder, disquiet, distract, distress, perturb, trouble, annoy, bother, commove, concern, derange, disarrange, discompose; antonyms (v) arrange, calm, please, smooth, soothe, 4. decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate, disintegrate; antonym (n) growth, 5. upset; synonyms (v) overturn, overthrow, confuse, disturb, reverse, subvert, unsettle, defeat, discomfit, dislocate, (adj) unsettled, hurt, agitated, confused, (n) disturbance; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) pleased, confident. bozuk 1. broken; synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild, 2. defective (kusurlu); synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty, broken, lacking, unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate, incorrect, insufficient, lame; antonym (adj) perfect, 3. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 4. dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 5. bad (kötü); synonyms (adj) evil, adverse, harmful, immoral, naughty, poisonous, sad, sinister, wicked, malicious, infamous, appalling, awful, damaging, (v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, pleasant, well, well-behaved, (n) good, 6. off (kapalı); synonyms (adv) by, forth, beyond, over, aside, abreast, (adj) away, putrid, remote, down, wide, cancelled, (n) murder, (int) out, begone; antonym (adj) on, 7. faulty; synonyms (adj) defective, false, wrong, damaged, poor, amiss, tainted, blamable, mistaken, illogical; antonyms (adj) correct, flawless, 8. down (aşağı); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v)

consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward, 9. upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident, 10. vicious; synonyms (adj) depraved, brutal, cruel, malevolent, venomous, nasty, barbarous, savage, spiteful, hurtful, profligate, fierce, atrocious, ferocious, mischievous; antonyms (adj) kind, gentle, friendly, 11. rotten (çürük); synonyms (adj) fetid, lousy, musty, off, ill, shabby, crappy, decomposed, sour, stinking, terrible, mean, low, (v) rancid, weak, 12. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, improper, inappropriate, abuse, criminal, iniquitous, unjust, untrue, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime, mischief, grievance; antonyms (adj) proper, honest, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (n) justice. bozukluk 1. failure; synonyms (n) bankruptcy, failing, breakdown, decline, deficiency, debacle, defeat, disappointment, disaster, downfall, error, loser, loss, abortion, default; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability, growth, 2. fault (arıza, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, blame, blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, failure, fracture, imperfection, (v) culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 4. disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, commotion, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement, dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, din, affray, annoyance, bother, (adj) trouble, 5. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) fault, shortcoming, scar, dearth, deformity, foible, vice, want, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease, drawback, frailty, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity. bozulma 1. corruption; synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness, 2. breakdown (çökme); synonyms (n) collapse, fault, analysis, failure, ruin, defeat, downfall, fall, resolution, decay, smash, breakup, debacle, decomposition, (adj) fiasco, 3. dissolution; synonyms (n) abolition, cancellation, dismissal, annulment, death, dissipation, demise, adjournment, departure, disintegration, licentiousness, catalysis, release, closure, annihilation, 4. disruption; synonyms (n) breakdown, break, dislocation, rupture, breach, disturbance, interruption, gap, turmoil,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English commotion, disorganization, chaos, discontinuance, (v) split, (adj) diruption, 5. deterioration; synonyms (n) decline, degradation, corruption, damage, debasement, declension, degeneration, impairment, wear, atrophy, diminution, descent, depreciation, (adj) degeneracy, (v) depravation; antonyms (n) improvement, development, growth, 6. distortion (çarpıklık); synonyms (n) aberration, contortion, deformation, misrepresentation, exaggeration, malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity, (v) perversion, 7. decay; synonyms (n) ebb, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate, disintegrate, fail, sink, spoil, (adj) fade, molder. bozulmak 1. decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration, collapse, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate; antonym (n) growth, 2. sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly. bozulmamak last (geçen, son, sürmek); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first. bozulmamış intact; synonyms (adj) complete, full, entire, whole, integral, perfect, unbroken, undamaged, uninjured, untouched, sound, inviolate, pure, safe, total; antonym (adj) broken.

bozuşma split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge. briç bridge (köprü); synonyms (n) span, viaduct, pontoon, tie, crossing, nosepiece, bluff, (v) stretch, connect, link, traverse, cross. bronz bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy, embrown, boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy, figure, figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture, statuette, (v) marble, plate. bronzlaştırmak bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy, embrown, boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy, figure, figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture, statuette, (v) marble, plate. broş pin (iğne); synonyms (n) needle, nail, clip, peg, axle, brooch, broach, nog, bolt, button, leg, (v) tack, clasp, fix, fasten. broşür 1. brochure; synonyms (n) booklet, leaflet, pamphlet, folder, handout, manual, book, 2. leaflet; synonyms (n) brochure, leaf, circular, foliole, newsletter, cusp, 3. tract; synonyms (n) area, essay, expanse, region, dissertation, district,

79

extent, section, lot, plot, domain, land, province, belt, country. brüt gross (kaba); synonyms (adj) crass, coarse, big, boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt, disgusting, broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, (v) foul, (n) aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net. buçuk half; synonyms (n) mediety, halve, piece, bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal, imperfectly, (adj) moiety, part, short, behalf, bisected, divided, even-steven, halved; antonyms (n) whole, all. bücür short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy. budalaca foolish (akılsız); synonyms (adj) childish, crazy, fool, daft, dopey, dull, dumb, fatuous, preposterous, silly, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, (n) absurd; antonyms (adj) wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd, visionary. büfe 1. buffet; synonyms (n) blow, canteen, restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit, knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump, 2. cupboard; synonyms (n) closet, cabinet, buffet, commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook, pigeonhole, bin, breakfront, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cubicle. buğday 1. wheat; synonyms (n) corn, clavus, maize, (adj) golden, 2. corn (mısır); synonyms (n) cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep. buğu 1. steam (buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas, 2. mist; synonyms (n) brume, film, steam, rain, (v) blur, befog, cover, obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud, hide, squirt. bugün today; synonyms (adv) now, currently, nowadays, presently, immediately, directly, forthwith, instantly, straightaway, (n) present, (adj) modern, recent, up-to-date. bugünkü current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous. bugünlerde nowadays; synonyms (adv) now, currently, presently, today, (n) present. buhar steam (buğu); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas. buhran 1. crisis (bunalım, kriz); synonyms (n) exigency, conjuncture, difficulty, emergency, juncture, pinch, circumstance, dilemma, situation, strait, depression, extremity, head, pass, predicament, 2. depression (bunalım,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

80

Turkish - English çöküntü); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection,

decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop, 3. emergency; synonyms (n) crisis, contingency, accident, need, casualty, disaster, demand, emergence, adventure, catastrophe, (adj) extra. bukle lock (kilit, kilitlemek); synonyms (n) curl, hook, padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage, fasten, hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair; antonyms (v) unlock, open. bükme 1. bend; synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 2. twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, braid, kink, loop, (v) bend, distort, coil, contort, deform, pervert, wrench; antonym (v) untwist. bükmek 1. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 2. twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, braid, kink, loop, (v) bend, distort, coil, contort, deform, pervert, wrench; antonym (v) untwist, 3. double (çift, çifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, geminate, plait, copy, (n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single, 4. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) round, bender, contour, flexure, line, sinuosity, sweep, (v) hook, meander, inflect, circle, crimp, lean, sag, swerve. bükülme twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist. bükülmek 1. twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist, 2. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, loop, twist, (v) arch, hook, meander, inflect, circle, (adj) flex, 3. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) elbow, angle, bending, buckle, flexure, (v) crouch, stoop, deflect, fold, swerve, cower, hunch, incline, sag, submit; antonym (v) square. bükülmez rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, fixed, hard, inflexible, stiff, austere, firm, set, strict, exacting, formal, rigorous, severe, stern, tense; antonyms (adj) flexible, elastic, soft. Bul find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, (n) detection,

disclosure, discovery, search, breakthrough; antonyms (v) lose, misplace. bulandırmak 1. cloud (bulut); synonyms (n) mist, blur, haze, steam, (v) fog, becloud, obscure, befog, blacken, eclipse, overshadow, shadow, taint, hide, (adj) swarm; antonym (v) sharpen, 2. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, indistinct, misty, (v) darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 3. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please. bulanık 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 2. muddy; synonyms (adj) boggy, filthy, turbid, foul, dingy, grimy, marshy, miry, murky, sloppy, unclean, confused, foggy, (v) dirty, dim; antonyms (adj) clean, dry. bulaşıcı catching; synonyms (adj) contagious, communicable, infectious, epidemic, (n) discovery, take. bulaşma infection (enfeksiyon); synonyms (n) contagion, disease, contamination, taint, corruption, septicity, illness, inspiration, transmission, virus, bug, galvanism, (adj) pollution. bulaştırma 1. infection (enfeksiyon); synonyms (n) contagion, disease, contamination, taint, corruption, septicity, illness, inspiration, transmission, virus, bug, galvanism, (adj) pollution, 2. contamination; synonyms (n) contaminant, infection, dirtying, vitiation, adulteration, depravity, (v) defilement; antonym (n) decontamination, 3. implication; synonyms (n) allusion, hint, significance, consequence, deduction, entailment, import, innuendo, meaning, sense, suggestion, purport, complicity, corollary, (adj) complication. bulaştırmak spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated. bulgu 1. discovery; synonyms (n) detection, disclosure, breakthrough, finding, revelation, catching, revealing, development, exploration, find, invention, espial, recognition; antonym (n) concealment, 2. find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, acknowledge, chance, decide, (n) discovery, search; antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 3. symptom (araz, belirti, semptom); synonyms (n) sign, indication,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English evidence, mark, note, manifestation, token, signal, characteristic, omen, exponent. bulma 1. find (bulmak); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, (n) detection, disclosure, discovery, search, breakthrough; antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. detection; synonyms (n) demodulation, detecting, uncovering, unearthing, spotting, spying, catching, recognition, 3. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance, conception, fabrication, creation, fiction, imagination, artifice, design, device, excogitation, forgery, innovation, fable, creativity, falsehood. bulmak 1. find (bulma); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, (n) detection, disclosure, discovery, search, breakthrough; antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. strike (grev); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, 3. discover; synonyms (v) discern, disclose, see, find, perceive, determine, divulge, expose, hear, impart, observe, trace, descry, behold, betray, 4. detect; synonyms (v) notice, spot, distinguish, identify, locate, sniff, espy, learn, note, uncover. bülten bulletin; synonyms (n) announcement, declaration, account, bill, message, dispatch, news, communication, communiqué, journal, leaflet, brochure, newsletter, newssheet, tidings. bulucu detector; synonyms (n) demodulator, sensor, detecter, selector. bulunan situated; synonyms (adj) located, set, situate, placed, sited, fixed. bulundurmak keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose. bulunmak 1. exist (var olmak); synonyms (v) dwell, lie, be, endure, abide, consist, belong, continue, live, occur, subsist, survive, hold, remain; antonym (v) die, 2. be; synonyms (v) exist, act, constitute, represent, cost, follow, form, rest, stay, comprise, signify, embody, (n) stand, beryllium, agree, 3. occur; synonyms (v) arise, happen, befall, come, fall, betide, chance, appear, develop, materialize, arrive, go, ensue, pass, proceed, 4. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stall, undergo, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, accept, bear, brook, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonym (v) sit. bulunmayış absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want, nonattendance, paucity, scarcity, shortage; antonyms (n) presence, attendance.

81

bulunur accessible; synonyms (adj) approachable, available, open, convenient, amenable, easy, handy, obtainable, ready, sociable, (v) weak; antonyms (adj) inaccessible, out-of-the-way, unavailable. buluş 1. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance, conception, fabrication, creation, fiction, imagination, discovery, artifice, design, device, excogitation, forgery, innovation, fable, creativity, 2. discovery; synonyms (n) detection, disclosure, breakthrough, finding, revelation, catching, revealing, development, exploration, find, invention, espial, recognition; antonym (n) concealment, 3. find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, acknowledge, chance, decide, determine, (n) search; antonyms (v) lose, misplace. buluşma 1. meeting; synonyms (n) confluence, convention, gathering, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, appointment, caucus, encounter, junction, meet, convocation, conclave; antonym (n) divergence, 2. date (tarih); synonyms (n) age, assignation, engagement, epoch, meeting, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine, register, accompany, court. buluşmak meet; synonyms (v) converge, find, assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill, gather, answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut, concur, adjoin, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid, disperse, diverge. bulut cloud; synonyms (n) mist, blur, haze, steam, (v) fog, becloud, obscure, befog, blacken, eclipse, overshadow, shadow, taint, hide, (adj) swarm; antonym (v) sharpen. bulutlanmak cloud (bulut); synonyms (n) mist, blur, haze, steam, (v) fog, becloud, obscure, befog, blacken, eclipse, overshadow, shadow, taint, hide, (adj) swarm; antonym (v) sharpen. bulvar avenue (cadde); synonyms (n) channel, approach, passage, path, road, route, way, means, boulevard, course, lane, track, walk, outlet. bumba boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v) collapse, decline. bunalım 1. depression (çöküntü); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop, 2. crisis (buhran, kriz); synonyms (n) exigency, conjuncture, difficulty, emergency, juncture, pinch, circumstance, dilemma, situation, strait, depression, extremity, head, pass, predicament.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

82

Turkish - English

bunaltı anxiety (endişe); synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish, anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry, worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n) calmness, bravery, calm, confidence. bunaltıcı close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start. bünye 1. structure (yapı); synonyms (n) form, building, arrangement, edifice, shape, constitution, construction, frame, framework, organization, architecture, establishment, conformation, composition, erection, 2. constitution (anayasa); synonyms (n) code, makeup, temperament, build, foundation, character, charter, disposition, formation, law, structure, configuration, fabric, figure, (adj) nature, 3. fabric; synonyms (n) cloth, material, fiber, performance, anatomy, production, stuff, textile, texture, net, work, 4. texture (doku); synonyms (n) grain, tissue, weave, web, woof, (v) finish, make. burada here (buraya); synonyms (adv) hither, in, about, arrived, available, indoors, inwards, (n) hair, (adj) present, there, near, nearby, (pron) her, their; antonym (adv) out. buradan hence; synonyms (adv) accordingly, consequently, therefore, away, because, for, then, thus, so, thence, whence. buraya here (burada); synonyms (adv) hither, in, about, arrived, available, indoors, inwards, (n) hair, (adj) present, there, near, nearby, (pron) her, their; antonym (adv) out. burç 1. tower (kule); synonyms (n) column, castle, pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise, loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, (adj) pillar, 2. bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild, chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness, 3. sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate. burjuva bourgeois; synonyms (adj) conservative, common, conventional, democratic, materialistic, square, (n) capitalist, burgess, capitals, caps, cockney, epicier, brevier, businessperson, people. burjuvazi bourgeoisie; synonym (n) class. burkmak twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist. büro 1. bureau; synonyms (n) agency, office, authority, chest, department, desk, dresser, box, 2. office (ofis); synonyms (n) charge, duty, function,

position, commission, appointment, division, berth, bureau, job, part, place, post, engagement, employment. bürokrasi bureaucracy; synonyms (n) bureaucratism, apparatus, cabinet, fascism, formalities, government, authority, beadledom, directorate, establishment, management, ministry, officials, paperwork, system. bürokratik bureaucratic; synonyms (adj) administrative, authoritative, bossy, impersonal, practical, technical, bureaucratical, ceremonial, fussy, interfering, intrusive, overbearing, ritual, routine. burs scholarship; synonyms (n) erudition, learning, lore, education, award, learnedness, letters, reading, edification, allowance, science, eruditeness, literacy, prize, (v) knowledge. buruk sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly. burun 1. nose; synonyms (n) beak, hooter, nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, (v) pry, scent, sniff, wind, nuzzle, search, smell, snoop, poke, 2. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, 3. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence, hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge, consequence, distinction, projection, celebrity, fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity; antonym (n) obscurity. büsbütün 1. entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv) absolutely, all, altogether, totally, wholly, clean, fully, solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, quite, right, (adj) completely; antonyms (adv) partly, partially, 2. altogether (tamamen); synonyms (adv) entirely, perfectly, purely, simply, ensemble, utterly, generally, thoroughly, whole, 3. wholly; synonyms (adv) very, exactly, unreservedly, extremely, really, (adj) outright. buse kiss (öpmek, öpücük); synonyms (n) buss, brush, osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace, osculate, love. but thigh; synonym (n) drumstick. bütçe budget; synonyms (n) plan, sack, finance, portfolio, quiver, reckoning, score, bag, forecast, (v) calculate, compute, estimate, allocate, appropriate, (adj) cheap. buton button (düğme); synonyms (n) knop, buckle, bud, clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob, fasten, (adj) pin, tie. Bütün 1. whole; synonyms (adj) entire, total, all, complete, integral, aggregate, full, healthy, intact, well, gross, unbroken, (n) sum, sound, hale; antonyms (adj) incomplete, broken, imperfect, partial, (n) part, 2. entire; synonyms (adj) absolute, whole, perfect, utter, clean, mere, undivided,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English universal, radical, dead, livelong, undiminished, (n) stallion, stark, unabridged, 3. all (hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, completely, quite, (adj) each, every, alone, outright, (det) any, (n) entirety, everything; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some, 4. integral (tümlev); synonyms (adj) inherent, constitutional, inbuilt, constituent, integrant, organic, exponential, fluxional, (n) differential, 5. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) downright, general, overall, sheer, thorough, unconditional, pure, (n) amount, tally, quantity, (v) count, number, figure, add, score; antonym (adj) qualified, 6. aggregate (toplam); synonyms (adj) aggregative, collective, cumulative, (n) agglomerate, complex, pile, combination, compound, conglomeration, mass, aggregation, (v) accumulate, cluster, collect, amass; antonym (n) individual, 7. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid. bütünlemek integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate, blend, combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate, embody, merge, unify, unite, join, mix, coalesce, commingle, desegregate; antonyms (v) separate, exclude, segregate. bütünlük integrity; synonyms (n) honesty, probity, completeness, fairness, entireness, fidelity, justice, morality, righteousness, unity, goodness, constancy, (adj) candor, honor, equity; antonyms (n) dishonesty, wickedness. bütünüyle entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv) absolutely, all, altogether, totally, wholly, clean, fully, solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, quite, right, (adj) completely; antonyms (adv) partly, partially. buut dimension (boyut); synonyms (n) degree, breadth, bulk, magnitude, size, attribute, length, proportion, range, dimensions, bigness, stretch, amount, extent, mass.

buyruk 1. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct; antonym (v) request, 2. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, dictate, array, rank, sort, class, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, kind, form, genus, (v) arrange, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder. büyü 1. magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming, supernatural, (n) conjuration, incantation, charm, enchantment, legerdemain, sorcery, glamour, fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception, 2. charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal, spell,

83

attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel, 3. spell; synonyms (n) magic, bout, period, turn, span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, fit, run, season, stretch, term, (v) import. büyücü witch (cadı); synonyms (n) hag, pythoness, enchantress, sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard, augur, (v) enchant, bewitch, charm, glamour, hex, jinx, fascinate. büyücülük magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming, supernatural, (n) conjuration, incantation, charm, enchantment, legerdemain, sorcery, glamour, fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception. büyük 1. large (geniş); synonyms (adj) big, ample, extensive, generous, broad, bulky, considerable, handsome, high, heavy, abundant, capacious, great, gross, hefty; antonyms (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, 2. big; synonyms (adj) major, important, significant, thick, sturdy, adult, bad, burly, liberal, magnanimous, momentous, noble, spacious, stout, (adv) large; antonyms (adj) little, puny, (syn) tiny, 3. major (ana); synonyms (adj) chief, key, main, superior, master, grave, fundamental, higher, leading, overriding, principal, senior, serious, capital, vital; antonyms (adj) minor, unimportant, lesser, petty, slight, 4. great; synonyms (adj) eminent, famous, gigantic, distinguished, extreme, grand, celebrated, dignified, fantastic, fine, glorious, good, massive, voluminous, stunning; antonyms (adj) awful, mild, 5. grand; synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, elevated, exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful, brilliant, heroic, huge, immense, impressive, lordly, magnificent, proud; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 6. ample (bol); synonyms (adj) copious, plentiful, affluent, full, rich, roomy, sizable, sufficient, adequate, bountiful, enough, expansive, plenteous, profuse, sizeable; antonyms (adj) inadequate, meager, insufficient, scarce, 7. capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, paramount, prime, resources, top, wealth, wherewithal, (adj) primary, essential, 8. elder; synonyms (adj) older, (n) ancient, patriarch, boss, 9. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) comprehensive, vast, expanded, extended, open, sweeping, deep, blanket, tolerant, general, cavernous, encompassing, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, restricted, 10. substantial (önemli); synonyms (adj) actual, solid, firm, real, strong, palpable, sound, concrete, corporeal, durable, hearty, material, satisfying, substantive, tangible; antonyms (adj) insubstantial, ethereal, worthless. büyükanne grandmother (nine); synonyms (n) gran, grandma, granny, crone, grandam, grannie,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

84

Turkish - English

mother, dam, grandmamma, beldame, mamma, materfamilias, matriarch. büyükbaba grandfather (dede); synonyms (n) gramps, grandad, granddad, grandpa, grandpapa, grandsire, granddaddy, patriarch. büyükelçi ambassador; synonyms (n) agent, delegate, emissary, envoy, messenger, minister, deputy, embassador, herald, representative, diplomat. büyüklük 1. size (boyut); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness, 2. magnitude; synonyms (n) consequence, proportion, size, weight, amplitude, greatness, moment, intensity, enormity, importance, significance, volume, meaning, prominence, sum; antonym (n) triviality, 3. extent; synonyms (n) extension, expanse, compass, distance, boundary, purview, reach, scope, space, spread, depth, latitude, limit, range, (v) area. büyülemek 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission, access, entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway, threshold, accession, (v) enchant, captivate, charm, bewitch, enrapture, fascinate; antonyms (n) departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal, spell, attraction, conjure, incantation, tempt, (v) attract, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor, lure, please; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel, 3. witch (cadı); synonyms (n) hag, pythoness, enchantress, sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard, augur, beldam, beldame, (v) glamour, hex, jinx, becharm, catch. büyüleyici 1. fascinating; synonyms (adj) enchanting, captivating, charming, absorbing, attractive, engaging, engrossing, delightful, alluring, bewitching, seductive, desirable, enthralling, entrancing, (v) interesting; antonyms (adj) boring, uninteresting, dull, 2. charming; synonyms (adj) amiable, beautiful, lovely, pleasing, winning, nice, adorable, agreeable, amusing, appealing, cute, delectable, exquisite, fascinating, lovable; antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing, unpleasant, 3. glamorous; synonyms (adj) colorful, glamourous, swanky. büyülü magical; synonyms (adj) magic, charming, supernatural, mystic, miraculous, mysterious, occult, sorcerous, witching, wizard, wizardly. büyüme 1. growth; synonyms (n) development, accretion, augmentation, evolution, gain, increase, enlargement, germination, accumulation, accession, addition, advance, improvement, increment, (v) grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction, weakening, decline, 2. expansion (genleşme); synonyms (n) amplification, dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, inflation, swelling, diffusion, space, elongation,

enhancement, escalation, (v) extension; antonyms (n) contraction, abbreviation,

3. increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) boom, expansion,

progress, rise, (v) accrue, extend, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, deepen, accumulate, amplify, benefit, (adj) augment; antonyms (v) reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate, 4. growing; synonyms (adj) flourishing, rising, thriving, blossoming, progressive, adolescent, budding, burgeoning, cumulative, enlarging, (n) developing, (adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) deteriorating, dwindling.

büyümek 1. expand (büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow, 2. increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, growth, progress, rise, (v) advance, accrue, grow, expand, enhance, deepen; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) diminish, drop, deteriorate, 3. grow; synonyms (v) come, emerge, become, farm, get, spring, turn, breed, arise, blossom, evolve, flourish, germinate, increase, mature; antonym (v) weaken. buyurmak 1. decree; synonyms (n) command, act, edict, decision, dictate, finding, judgment, verdict, (v) order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will, 2. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, claim, (v) charge, call, commission, direct, bid; antonym (v) request, 3. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) array, rank, sort, class, condition, disposition, injunction, kind, form, genus, category, (v) arrange, conduct, demand, govern; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder.

büyütmek 1. expand (genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow, 2. raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, cultivate, exalt, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 3. rear; synonyms (adj) back, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, poop, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, nurse, edify; antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front, 4. foster; synonyms (v) encourage, cherish, foment, further, rear, support, entertain,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tend, keep, feed, nourish, patronize, parent, forward, comfort; antonym (v) neglect. buz ice (dondurma); synonyms (n) frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan. buzağı calf (dana); synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt, foal, kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle, dullard, foetus, loon, lout, lown. buzdolabı fridge; synonyms (n) fray, rub. buzlu icy; synonyms (adj) frozen, cold, freezing, frigid, frosty, glacial, arctic, chill, chilly, wintry, aloof, distant, gelid, standoffish, hostile; antonyms (adj) warm, hot. büzmek purse; synonyms (n) pocket, bag, pouch, handbag, pocketbook, prize, container, pod, (v) pucker, wrinkle, crease, contract. büzülme contraction; synonyms (n) abbreviation, constriction, abridgement, abridgment, condensation, shrink, compression, convulsion, decrease, shrinkage, tightening, diminution, narrowing, reduction, spasm; antonym (n) expansion.

C cadde 1. avenue; synonyms (n) channel, approach, passage, path, road, route, way, means, boulevard, course, lane, track, walk, outlet, 2. street (sokak); synonyms (n) avenue, highway, neighborhood, thoroughfare, (v) roadway. cadı witch; synonyms (n) hag, pythoness, enchantress, sorceress, magician, lamia, wizard, augur, (v) enchant, bewitch, charm, glamour, hex, jinx, fascinate. cahil ignorant; synonyms (adj) unconscious, illiterate, rude, uneducated, unwitting, blind, dull, innocent, naive, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, barbarous, crude, shallow; antonyms (adj) knowledgeable, conscious. cahillik ignorance (bilgisizlik, cehalet); synonyms (n) darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence, unwisdom, denseness, stupidity, obtuseness, unawareness, unenlightenment, night, unacquaintance, adversity, agnosticism; antonyms (n) knowledge, intelligence. cam 1. glass (bardak); synonyms (n) pane, bottle, drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful, spyglass, telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice, 2. window (pencere); synonyms (n) casement, porthole, gap, embrasure, hole, opening, windowpane. can 1. life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation, energy, spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy,

85

2. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, essence, heart, mind, phantom, soul, fortitude, esprit; antonym (n) body, 3. soul (ruh); synonyms (n) man, creature, human, individual, person, personification, mortal, psyche, self, marrow, bosom, breast, (adj) core, quintessence, gist. canavar monster; synonyms (n) giant, beast, brute, demon, devil, fiend, freak, behemoth, colossus, monstrosity, ogre, prodigy, chimera, (adj) huge, stupendous. cani 1. butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay, 2. murderer; synonyms (n) cutthroat, killer, manslayer, slayer, liquidator, (v) butcher, terrorist. canım honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear, beloved, love, sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby, molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten. cankurtaran ambulance (ambulans); synonyms (n) brancard, crate, hurdle, litter, stretcher, rescue, transport. canlandırmak 1. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body, 2. fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire, 3. stimulate (teşvik etmek); synonyms (v) incite, encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt, provoke, awaken, drive, energize, exhilarate, goad, hasten, instigate, invigorate, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) defuse, 4. wake; synonyms (v) awake, rouse, stir, vigil, waken, stimulate, evoke, raise, watch, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave, aftermath; antonym (v) sleep. canlanma revival; synonyms (n) recovery, renewal, restoration, resurgence, resurrection, rally, regeneration, renaissance, revitalization, rebirth, reinstatement, reprint, reproduction, return, revivification; antonyms (n) decline, disappearance. canlanmak wake; synonyms (v) awaken, awake, rouse, stir, arouse, excite, provoke, vigil, waken, kindle, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave; antonym (v) sleep. canlı 1. alive; synonyms (adj) active, live, living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate, 2. live (oturmak, yaşamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, brisk, bouncy, breathing, (n) go, 3. living; synonyms (adj) fresh, quick, vital,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

86

Turkish - English

actual, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice, existence, keep, maintenance, subsistence, support; antonym (n) death, 4. lively; synonyms (adj) agile, cheerful, keen, busy, gay, jolly, jovial, alert, bright, enthusiastic, merry, spirited, vivid, dashing, frolicsome; antonyms (adj) dull, inactive, lethargic, listless, lifeless, unexciting, 5. graphic; synonyms (adj) descriptive, clear, picturesque, realistic, expressive, graphical, lifelike, detailed, (n) picture, diagram, image, schematic, (v) pictorial, 6. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) diligent, effective, nimble, strong, dynamic, forcible, healthy, mercurial, sprightly, vigorous, operational, hearty, assiduous, efficacious, (v) smart; antonyms (adj) dormant, sluggish, idle, latent, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet, 7. swinging; synonyms (adj) swaying, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant, hanging, inordinate, lilting, outrageous, pendulous, preposterous, (n) swing, 8. vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential, indispensable, crucial, fundamental, important, main, necessary, chief, momentous, basic, decisive, imperative, requisite, significant; antonyms (adj) trivial, insignificant, minor, optional, unimportant, 9. brisk; synonyms (adj) bracing, adroit, crisp, fast, hasty, invigorating, pert, sharp, speedy, spry, perky, abrupt, breezy, bouncing, brusque; antonym (adj) soporific, 10. gay; synonyms (adj) convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, jocular, colorful, (n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian, 11. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) clean, novel, original, recent, bold, chilly, cool, forward, green, pure, sweet, flippant, fair, blank, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 12. warm (ılık, ısıtmak, sıcak); synonyms (adj) affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, fond, loving, earnest, caring, genial, glowing, tepid, heartfelt, burning, (v) heat; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) chill, 13. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) prompt, clever, intelligent, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, hurried, immediate, instant, swift, brief, apt, ingenious, skillful, (v) fleet; antonym (adj) leisurely, 14. vivid; synonyms (adj) graphic, intense, brilliant, rich, lurid, shiny, striking, deep, severe, full, garish, light, luminous, powerful, vibrant. canlılık 1. life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation, energy, spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy, 2. colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) color, discolor, discolour, distort, tinge, 3. stir; synonyms (v) arouse, budge, move, rouse, affect, agitate, excite, inspire, go, (n)

movement, commotion, disturbance, excitement, agitation, (adj) bustle, 4. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, essence, heart, mind, phantom, soul, fortitude, esprit; antonym (n) body. cansız dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living. cari 1. current (akım, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous, 2. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) motion, administration, operation, performance, handling. casus spy; synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, notice, patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern, discover, observe, perceive, descry, behold. caz jazz; synonyms (n) talk, wind, bunk, nonsense, absurdity, (v) bop, bang, fuck, hump, screw, cheat, lie, do, stimulate, acknowledge. cazibe 1. attraction; synonyms (n) allure, enticement, invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal, charm, lure, attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination, inducement, magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n) repulsion, disgust, revulsion, 2. charm; synonyms (n) amulet, spell, attraction, conjure, incantation, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor, please; antonyms (n) ugliness, (v) repel, 3. fascination; synonyms (n) bewitchment, enchantment, glamor, glamour, captivation, charisma, enthrallment, magic, trance, interest, pull, seduction, witchery, fancy, mania; antonym (n) distraction. cazibeli charming; synonyms (adj) amiable, beautiful, attractive, captivating, delightful, enchanting, lovely, pleasing, winning, nice, adorable, agreeable, alluring, amusing, appealing; antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing, unpleasant. cazip attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable, appealing, charming, engaging, good-looking, tempting, adorable, delightful, enchanting, fascinating, glamorous, gorgeous, handsome, interesting; antonyms (adj) unattractive, ugly, unappealing, disgusting, repellent, revolting, repulsive, straight, unpleasant. cefa hardship; synonyms (n) adversity, distress, calamity, affliction, grievance, difficulty, trouble, burden, disaster, asperity, deprivation, destitution, misfortune, poverty, suffering; antonym (n) affluence.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English cehalet ignorance (bilgisizlik); synonyms (n) darkness, illiteracy, nescience, folly, innocence, unwisdom, denseness, stupidity, obtuseness, unawareness, unenlightenment, night, unacquaintance, adversity, agnosticism; antonyms (n) knowledge, intelligence. cehennem hell; synonyms (n) blaze, inferno, netherworld, perdition, underworld, anguish, ordeal, trial, pit, limbo, aides, bedlam, blazing, brilliance, conflagration; antonym (n) heaven. cehennemde below (aşağı, aşağıda); synonyms (adv) beneath, under, down, infra, downstairs, (prep) underneath, (adj) low, after; antonyms (prep) above, over. ceket 1. jacket; synonyms (n) casing, sheath, case, cover, covering, envelope, coat, skin, shield, wrap, (v) clothe, 2. coat (palto); synonyms (n) coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, peel, pelt, (v) cloak, blanket, plaster, glaze, finish, paint. celse 1. hearing; synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear, trial, consultation, sound, reach, examination, inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj) audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf, 2. session (oturum); synonyms (n) meeting, seance, sitting, conference, bout, convention, class, period, stretch, discussion. cemaat 1. flock (sürü); synonyms (n) bunch, crowd, cluster, band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang, herd, horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj) swarm, 2. congregation; synonyms (n) concourse, assemblage, assembly, collection, gathering, meeting, congregating, convocation, flock, fold, company, audience, confluence, throng, convention. cemiyet 1. community (topluluk); synonyms (n) association, public, agreement, commune, nation, people, brotherhood, likeness, company, district, order, (adj) communal, neighborhood, common, group; antonym (adj) private, 2. society; synonyms (n) club, institution, community, companionship, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, commonwealth, guild, partnership, folk, friendship, gild, league. cenaze funeral; synonyms (n) burial, entombment, interment, pyre, wake, committal, (adj) funebrial. cendere press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. cennet 1. paradise; synonyms (n) heaven, bliss, ecstasy, nirvana, utopia, death, enlightenment, gallery, happiness, rapture, dreamland, enjoyment, fairyland, (v) bewitch, entrance; antonym (n) hell, 2. heaven; synonyms (n) paradise, glory, sky. centilmen gentleman (bey); synonyms (n) man, male, patrician, sir, laureate, squireen, noble,

87

gentle, fellow, guy, valet, homo, human, humanity, (adj) gentilhomme; antonym (n) woman. cep pocket; synonyms (n) cavity, pouch, hole, hollow, (v) bag, take, appropriate, sack, steal, lift, catch, embezzle, misappropriate, pilfer, (adj) digest. cephane ammunition; synonyms (n) ammo, munition, shot, bullet, armament, missile, bullets, explosive, fuel, narcotic, ball, bombs, buckshot, cannonball, chemical. cephanelik arsenal; synonyms (n) armory, armoury, store, depository, arms, armaments, artillery, dump, factory, guns, inventory, missiles, plant, stockpile, storeroom. cephe 1. front (ön); synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior, preceding, (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, disguise, facade, frontage, brow, audacity, (v) face, confront, look; antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back, 2. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) aspect, expression, side, top, exterior, surface, boldness, brass, (v) veneer, visage, affront, breast, defy, brave, (adj) front; antonym (v) avoid, 3. aspect; synonyms (n) bearing, manner, prospect, view, air, angle, facet, feature, quality, respect, scene, vista, shape, attribute, (v) regard. cerahat matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count. cereyan 1. circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing, 2. current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch, check, drawing, (v) draught, outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan, recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge, 4. course (yön); synonyms (n) bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, race, (v) chase, pour, (prep) tide, 5. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, abound, rush, circulation, (v) flux, jet, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, seep, well, ooze, arise, 6. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n) drift, time, (v) wave, billow, noonday. cerrah 1. surgeon; synonyms (n) doctor, physician, sawbones, chirurgeon, 2. operator (operatör); synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy, hooker. cerrahi surgical; synonyms (adj) operative, chirurgical, effective, functional, key.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

88

Turkish - English

cerrahlık surgery; synonyms (n) operation, chirurgery, act, functioning, or, performance, procedure, process, treatment. cesaret 1. courage (yüreklilik); synonyms (n) bravery, audacity, fortitude, backbone, boldness, gallantry, heroism, mettle, nerve, spirit, valor, chivalry, manhood, courageousness, determination; antonym (n) cowardice, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) cheek, impertinence, brass, courage, daring, face, heart, impudence, prowess, assurance, brace, effrontery, grit, guts, insolence, 3. enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative, venture, corporation, establishment, attempt, 4. heart (kalp, yürek); synonyms (n) core, center, affection, basis, bosom, breast, crux, essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, pluck, quintessence, (adj) gist; antonym (n) edge. cesaretlendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer, abet, advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster, further, promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise, animate; antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten, prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop. cesaretsiz faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent. ceset 1. body (beden, gövde, vücut); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 2. corpse; synonyms (n) body, corse, remains, stiff, clay. cesur 1. brave; synonyms (adj) adventurous, bold, audacious, courageous, endure, fearless, hardy, intrepid, valiant, virile, confident, daring, dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj) cowardly, frightened, gutless, pathetic, (n) timid, 2. bold; synonyms (adj) manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, heroic, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave, brazen, cheeky, defiant, disrespectful, enterprising, forward; antonym (adj) modest. cet predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor, forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father, elder, precedent; antonyms (n) successor, descendant. cetvel 1. ruler; synonyms (n) master, governor, monarch, leader, dynast, prince, chief, head, director, controller, sheik, sovereign, government, (adj) rule, regent, 2. schedule; synonyms (n) list, agenda, catalog, program, calendar, catalogue, inventory, table, roll, index, chart, docket, plan, (v) register, book, 3. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, order, decree, dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate, reign, authority, dictate, (v) command, control, influence, direct, 4. scale

(ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. cevap 1. answer (cevap vermek); synonyms (n) reply, respond, retort, return, solution, defense, echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve, acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay; antonyms (v) question, ask, 2. reply; synonyms (n) answer, rejoinder, response, reaction, repay, replication, repartee, comeback, (v) react, rejoin, say, 3. response (yanıt); synonyms (n) reception, effect, chant, chaunt, hymn, (v) endurance, experience, (adj) sympathy, cordiality, fraternization, rapprochement. cevher essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma, being, crux, gist, perfume, hypostasis, body, burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub. ceza 1. punishment; synonyms (n) discipline, correction, penalty, penance, chastisement, fine, rebuke, retribution, reward, execution, judgment, retaliation, payment, reprimand, revenge, 2. correction (düzeltme); synonyms (n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, castigation, redress, modification, emendation, improvement, punishment, revision, editing, rectification, reform, change, chastening; antonym (n) fabrication, 3. penalty; synonyms (n) mulct, forfeit, forfeiture, amercement, handicap, penalization, sentence, pain, conviction, sanction, (v) condemnation. cezaevi 1. prison; synonyms (n) jail, calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, confine, custody, 2. jail (hapishane); synonyms (n) cage, prison, cell, clink, jailhouse, slammer, (v) gaol, imprison, incarcerate, detain, immure, arrest, lag. cezalandırma 1. correction (düzeltme); synonyms (n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, castigation, chastisement, discipline, redress, modification, emendation, improvement, punishment, revision, editing, rebuke, rectification; antonym (n) fabrication, 2. punishment (ceza); synonyms (n) correction, penalty, penance, fine, retribution, reward, execution, judgment, retaliation, payment, reprimand, revenge, scourge, sentence, compensation. cezalandırmak discipline; synonyms (n) chastisement, correction, (v) control, castigate, chastise, train, chasten, exercise, correct, drill, educate, practice, breed, condition, cultivate. cezbetmek 1. attract; synonyms (v) fascinate, charm, beguile, captivate, draw, enamor, entice, invite, tempt, arrest, absorb, appeal, attach, beckon, (adj) allure; antonyms (v) repel, disgust, 2. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, haul, lure, puff, (n) attraction, draft; antonym (v) push, 3. charm; synonyms (n) amulet, spell,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English conjure, incantation, attractiveness, beauty, delight, elegance, (v) bewitch, enchant, entrance, capture, please, amuse, catch; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness. cici sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty. cidden 1. indeed (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) actually, certainly, exactly, much, really, surely, greatly, absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively, precisely, so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv) possibly, 2. seriously; synonyms (adv) badly, gravely, earnestly, severely, deeply, soberly, hard, critically, desperately, momentously, sincerely, solemnly, decidedly, poorly, purely; antonyms (adv) cheerfully, frivolously, jokingly, playfully, goodhumoredly, slightly, teasingly, 3. really (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) honestly, genuinely, real, very, simply, authentically, practically, essentially, extremely, highly, quite, right, just, completely, (adj) indeed. ciddi 1. serious (ağır); synonyms (adj) grave, heavy, sedate, austere, great, hard, considerable, critical, dangerous, earnest, grievous, sad, sober, (v) important, momentous; antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, slight, 2. critical (kritik); synonyms (adj) acute, decisive, delicate, pressing, severe, ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, fastidious, imperative, minute, particular, significant, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering, insignificant, approving, unimportant, 3. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross, arduous, bulky, burdensome, oppressive, thick, compact, ample, awkward; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, gentle, puny, skinny, 4. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable, 5. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, sane, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, serene, somber, staid, composed, rational, reasonable, sensible; antonym (adj) intoxicated. cihaz 1. apparatus; synonyms (n) appliance, device, implement, instrument, plant, tackle, equipment, gadget, gear, machine, contrivance, machinery, mechanism, outfit, rig, 2. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) apparatus, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, machination, plot. cila 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean,

89

cultivate, 2. finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease, determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close, consummate, conclusion, death, conclude; antonyms (v) start, begin, continue, (n) beginning. cilalamak 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate, 2. finish (bitmek, son); synonyms (v) end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease, determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close, consummate, conclusion, death, conclude; antonyms (v) start, begin, continue, (n) beginning, 3. surface (yüzey); synonyms (n) level, face, outside, superficies, facet, grain, side, (v) appear, emerge, coat, rise, (adj) exterior, external, shallow, superficial; antonyms (n) core, inside, interior, middle. cılız thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken. cılk rotten (çürük); synonyms (adj) bad, foul, poor, fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt, crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym (adj) fresh. cilt 1. skin (deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay, 2. volume (hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) bulk, size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension, amount, capacity, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness, 3. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, ambush, (n) cover, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express. ciltli bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free. cimri 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average, contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind, 3. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. cin spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

90

Turkish - English

enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body. cinayet murder; synonyms (n) carnage, homicide, slaughter, butchery, bloodshed, (v) massacre, butcher, kill, slay, assassinate, destroy, dispatch, execute, hit, manslaughter. cins 1. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, 2. kind (tür); synonyms (n) form, helpful, benign, brand, breed, gentle, type, benevolent, (adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate, charitable, considerate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 3. species (tür); synonyms (n) appearance, character, show, sight, stock, strain, phenomenon, premonstration, scene, (adj) nature, description, manner, fashion, (v) offspring, 4. variety (varyete); synonyms (n) species, change, style, variation, diversity, miscellany, range, variance, assortment, mixture, category, hodgepodge, medley, miscellanea, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity. cinsel sexual; synonyms (adj) sensual, sexy, erotic, intimate, amphigonic, cozy, familiar, gross, informal, inner, internal, knowledgeable, animal, animalistic, bestial. cinsellik sexuality; synonyms (n) sex, gender. cinsiyet 1. sex (seks); synonyms (n) gender, intercourse, copulation, coitus, sexuality, mating, (v) arouse, excite, (adj) sexual, 2. gender; synonyms (n) sex, kind, femininity, (v) copulate. ciro 1. turnover; synonyms (n) overturn, revolution, sales, upset, pastry, change, overthrow, proceeds, derangement, disorder, disturbance, earnings, flapjack, income, (v) harrow, 2. backing; synonyms (n) aid, patronage, support, approval, assistance, encouragement, endorsement, accompaniment, assist, championship, help, promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance, 3. endorsement; synonyms (n) approbation, corroboration, confirmation, authorization, countenance, permission, authority, verification, authentication, certificate, authorisation, agreement, backing, certification, consent. cisim 1. matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count, 2. body (beden, gövde, vücut); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 3. substance; synonyms (n) essence, meaning, significance, subject, core, gist, means, quintessence, implication, content,

element, heart, kernel, marrow, meat; antonym (n) triviality. civar 1. neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality, neighborhood, vicinity, 2. vicinity; synonyms (n) region, district, proximity, place, environs, neighbourhood, vicinage, area, outskirts, section. cıvata bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock. cıvık soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp, balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong. coğrafi geographical; synonyms (adj) geographic, biological, ecological, environmental, local, physical, geological. coğrafya geography; synonyms (n) topography, geographics, backcloth, backdrop, background, countryside, land, landscape, panorama, position, scene, scenery, setting, site, view. cömert 1. handsome (güzel, yakışıklı); synonyms (adj) elegant, beautiful, fair, charming, fine, generous, attractive, bountiful, comely, bonny, big, bounteous, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful; antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive, 2. generous; synonyms (adj) ample, full, abundant, benevolent, copious, charitable, flush, kind, liberal, spacious, rich, benign, broad, considerable, (n) free; antonyms (adj) stingy, meager, mean, measly, miserly, small, tightfisted, avaricious, greedy, ungenerous, 3. liberal; synonyms (adj) handsome, large, giving, tolerant, lavish, easy, bighearted, enlightened, freehanded, munificent, noble, open, permissive, plentiful, (n) progressive; antonyms (adj) strict, oppressive, totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative,

4. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease, release; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, condemn. cömertlik generosity; synonyms (n) charity, benevolence, bounty, liberality, bounteousness, favor, generousness, goodness, grace, hospitality, munificence, nobility, (adj) kindness, beneficence, largesse; antonyms (n) stinginess, greed, meanness, thrift. conta seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

91

coşkunluk enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness,

çabalamak 1. seek (aramak); synonyms (v) search,

ardor, devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal, ebullience, ecstasy, flame, gusto, inspiration, interest, keenness, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy, indifference, lethargy. cumba bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. cumhuriyet republic; synonyms (n) commonwealth, democracy, state, nation, country. cumhuriyetçi republican; synonyms (n) commoner, democrat, plebeian, roturier. cümle sentence (tümce); synonyms (n) judgment, finding, decision, condemnation, conviction, phrase, penalty, punishment, verdict, (v) condemn, convict, doom, judge, damn, adjudge. cümlecik clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph, provision, rider, section, chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement, stipulation, (v) passage. cüppe gown; synonyms (n) dress, robe, uniform, tunic, gite, habit, paletot, scrubs, alb, blouse, chasuble, dalmatic, mozetta, scapulary, (v) clothe. cüret 1. brass (pirinç); synonyms (n) boldness, face, cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance, front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) brass, courage, daring, fortitude, heart, mettle, prowess, backbone, brace, gallantry, grit, guts, muscle, pluck, spirit; antonym (n) cowardice, 3. venture; synonyms (n) hazard, attempt, adventure, speculation, danger, enterprise, try, (v) risk, chance, stake, peril, gamble, endanger, bet, (adj) dare. cüzdan wallet; synonyms (n) purse, bag, billfold, notecase, pocketbook, case, satchel.

attempt, endeavor, hunt, look, inquire, aspire, beg, explore, pursue, quest, investigate, research, follow, (n) ask, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel, contend; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. çabucak 1. quickly; synonyms (adv) promptly, immediately, directly, early, quick, pronto, nimbly, apace, hastily, rapidly, readily, (adj) fast, shortly, forthwith, (n) instantly; antonyms (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, 2. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, hurried; antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull. çabuk 1. quick (hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, (adv) fast; antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull, 2. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slowly, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3. swift (hızlı); synonyms (adj) fleet, lively, sudden, abrupt, express, ready, sprightly, impetuous, unexpected, immediate, keen, brief, impulsive, (n) cylinder, (adv) swiftly; antonym (adj) considered, 4. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately, directly, betimes, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly, erelong, speedily, afterward. çabukluk 1. speed (hız); synonyms (n) race, rapidity, velocity, celerity, (v) hasten, hurry, quicken, run, rush, accelerate, dash, dispatch, expedite, promote, shoot; antonym (n) slowness, 2. readiness; synonyms (n) facility, alacrity, ease, dexterity, eagerness, expedition, knack, preparation, promptness, quickness, fitness, maturity, aptitude, (v) preparedness, ripeness. çadır 1. tent; synonyms (n) awning, camp, canopy, barracks, buckling, cover, dossil, shelter, tilt, design, gazebo, (v) bivouac, dwell, encamp, hinder, 2. canvas (tuval); synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, sheet, (v) canvass, painting, tableau. çağ 1. era; synonyms (n) age, period, time, epoch, date, cycle, style, 2. period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) dot, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, interval, length, menstruation, stage, mark, course, lifetime, catamenia, 3. time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, measure, season, spell, instant, space, tempo, sentence, beat, occasion, juncture, (v) clock, regulate, schedule; antonym (n) death, 4. age (yaş); synonyms (n)

Ç çaba 1. effort (gayret); synonyms (n) attempt, exertion, application, drive, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push, campaign, cause, crusade, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel, contend, fighting; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. çabalama 1. effort (çaba, gayret); synonyms (n) attempt, exertion, application, drive, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push, campaign, cause, crusade, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel, contend, fighting; antonyms (v) flourish, glide.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

92

Turkish - English

aeon, years, antiquity, eternity, dotage, (v) mature, grow, ripen, develop, mellow. çağdaş 1. modern (modern); synonyms (adj) fresh, new, fashionable, late, advanced, current, latest, recent, contemporary, novel, present, stylish, innovative, chic, latter; antonyms (adj) oldfashioned, ancient, antiquated, old, prehistoric, traditional, conservative, neurotic, old-time, primordial, 2. contemporary (Modern); synonyms (adj) contemporaneous, modern, up-todate, topical, existing, simultaneous, coetaneous, cotemporary, (n) coeval, equal; antonym (adj) past.

çağırma call (bağırmak, çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss. çağırmak 1. call (bağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. invite; synonyms (v) draw, allure, call, tempt, ask, attract, entice, beckon, court, encourage, receive, solicit, beg, crave, (n) invitation. çağrı 1. call (bağırmak, çağırmak); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. invitation; synonyms (n) call, bidding, temptation, lure, supplication, attraction, request, entreaty, importunity, (v) invite, solicitation, 3. summons; synonyms (n) citation, invitation, process, writ, invocation, warrant, vocation, act, charge, indictment, requisition. çağrışım association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company, fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage. çakıl gravel; synonyms (n) grit, (v) bedevil, get, nonplus, rag, baffle, bewilder, flummox, mystify, perplex, puzzle, (adj) bother, dirt, grating, gravelly. çakmak 1. lighter; synonyms (n) barge, flatboat, igniter, light, coaster, collier, hoy, ignitor, pontoon, brightness, illumination, slaver, whaler, lighting, lightness, 2. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten, 3. drive (sürmek); synonyms (n) ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia, 4. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, hit, impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide. çalgı instrument (alet, araç); synonyms (n) channel, deed, agency, apparatus, appliance, document,

expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine, means, (v) implement. çalgıcı musician (müzisyen); synonyms (n) player, instrumentalist, minstrel, singer, actor, artiste, virtuoso. çalı bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild, chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness. çalınmak sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. çalışan working; synonyms (adj) operative, practical, active, busy, acting, occupied, effective, engaged, (n) operation, running, functioning, play, agency, movement, performance; antonyms (adj) passive, unemployed. çalışkan energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated, brisk, busy, driving, dynamic, effective, powerful, strong, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious, efficient, enterprising; antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, exhausted, inactive, indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, dull, indifferent, listless. çalışkanlık industry (endüstri); synonyms (n) business, application, diligence, effort, industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, exertion, manufacture, commerce. çalışma 1. work (çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) exercise, business, employment, function, task, action, act, book, composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 2. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, agency, effect, management, functioning, performance, running, mission, activity, force, manipulation, operations, procedure, process, 3. working; synonyms (adj) operative, practical, active, busy, acting, occupied, effective, engaged, operating, operational, brisk, (n) operation, play, go, workings; antonyms (adj) passive, unemployed, 4. labour; synonyms (n) effort, exertion, childbed, confinement, proletariat, (v) grind, travail, drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 5. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) accomplishment, battle, deed, engagement, fight, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, move, plot, transaction, step, (v) achievement, combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 6. training (Eğitim); synonyms (n) education, instruction, breeding, practice, preparation, teaching, discipline, nurture, drill, schooling, experience, workout, culture, coaching, grooming, 7. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation, learning, (v) consider, examine, review, learn, research, check, analyze, contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English çalışmak 1. work (çalışma, iş); synonyms (n) exercise, business, employment, function, task, action, act, book, composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 2. try; synonyms (v) attempt, test, struggle, prove, strive, assay, examine, experiment, judge, sample, (n) endeavor, essay, chance, effort, shot, 3. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, exertion, go, stab, (v) aim, undertake, seek, tempt, venture, 4. labour; synonyms (n) childbed, confinement, proletariat, (v) grind, travail, drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 5. operate (işletmek); synonyms (v) run, direct, employ, handle, manage, move, perform, proceed, work, maneuver, fly, behave, control, do, engage, 6. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation, learning, meditation, (v) consider, review, learn, research, check, analyze, contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate, 7. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. çalıştırıcı trainer; synonyms (n) coach, teacher, instructor, mentor, professor, tutor, cavalier, don, equestrian, horseman, jockey, rider, roughrider, (v) preparer.

çalıştırma 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job, 2. employment; synonyms (n) occupation, trade, use, career, duty, engagement, service, exploitation, avocation, berth, (v) application, employ, calling, profession, (adj) work; antonym (n) unemployment, 3. operating; synonyms (n) operation, farming, (adj) working, acting, operative, effective, active, employed, energetic, energical, engaged, loose, managing, performing, 4. starting; synonyms (n) start, commencement, first, outset, departure, kickoff, origin, source, advantage, (adj) opening, initial, incipient, original, (prep) beginning, from. çalıştırmak 1. run (koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj) stream, 2. operate (işletmek); synonyms (v) act, run, employ, handle, manage, move, perform, proceed, work, maneuver, exercise, fly, behave, control, do, 3. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 4. work

93

(çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) business, employment, task, action, book, composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction. çalkalamak shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake. çalkantılı turbulent; synonyms (adj) tempestuous, tumultuous, rough, furious, boisterous, disorderly, noisy, riotous, violent, wild, rude, troubled, unruly, agitated, (n) stormy; antonym (adj) calm. çalma theft (hırsızlık); synonyms (n) robbery, larceny, stealing, burglary, thievery, embezzlement, thieving, depredation, latrociny, stealth. çalmak 1. steal (aşırmak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift, purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch, plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, (n) bargain, 2. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, support, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, hike, advance, airlift, rear, steal, swipe, 3. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, 4. nick; synonyms (n) notch, mark, cut, chip, incision, score, scratch, arrest, gash, gouge, indentation, (v) dent, hack, indent, slash, 5. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, extract, remove, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis, resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 6. hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach, 7. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 8. ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, arena, (v) circle, call, resound, reverberate, gird, buzz, 9. toll; synonyms (n) duty, fee, price, tax, cost, charge, due, excise, impost, levy, tariff, assessment, dues, damage, expense. çam pine; synonyms (n) yearn, sink, (v) languish, long, ache, droop, flag, fade, suffer, decline, yen, die, (adj) peak. çamaşır 1. washing; synonyms (n) laundry, wash, laundering, lavation, cleaning, purification, airstream, backwash, bucking, race, slipstream, washables, (adj) cleansing, clysmic, 2. laundry; synonyms (n) washhouse, washing, dairy, (v) lavatory. çamaşırhane laundry; synonyms (n) washhouse, wash, washing, dairy, airstream, backwash, washables, laundering, lavation, race, slipstream, (v) lavatory.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

94

Turkish - English

çamur 1. mud; synonyms (n) dirt, filth, grime, ooze, sludge, soil, swamp, (adj) clay, (v) mire, muck, 2. dirt; synonyms (n) dust, crap, ground, scandal, contamination, smudge, dirtiness, foulness, impurity, land, pollution, smut, squalor, stain, uncleanness, 3. clay (kil); synonyms (n) remains, pottery, loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen. çamurlu muddy; synonyms (adj) boggy, cloudy, filthy, turbid, foul, dark, dingy, dull, grimy, marshy, miry, murky, sloppy, (v) dirty, blur; antonyms (adj) clear, clean, dry. çamurluk wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n) annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar. çanak bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container, hollow, stadium, arena, depression, bowlful, trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle. çanta 1. bag (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, package, briefcase, purse, sack, case, container, knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch, hook, net, 2. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, action, (adj) patient, 3. suitcase; synonyms (n) grip, luggage, handbag, bagful, base, clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip, handgrip, handle, hold. çap 1. diameter; synonyms (n) caliber, width, diam, radius, breadth, diametral, length, size, broadness, module, 2. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. çapraşık complicated; synonyms (adj) complex, intricate, elaborate, hard, complicate, awkward, convoluted, deep, difficult, knotty, obscure, sophisticated, tortuous, tricky, (v) involved; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward, clear, easy. çapraz 1. across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed, 2. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered, 3. bias (önyargı); synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness. çaprazlama across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed. çare 1. cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve,

restore, 2. remedy (ilaç); synonyms (n) cure, redress, drug, relief, medication, physic, remediation, treatment, amendment, amends, (v) amend, rectify, relieve, aid, doctor, 3. solution (çözelti, çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, outcome, 4. resource (kaynak); synonyms (n) expedient, imagination, stock, device, facility, asset, contrivance, resourcefulness, shift, source, (v) recourse, resort, refuge, 5. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 6. help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, forward, back, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 7. relief; synonyms (n) comfort, consolation, relaxation, release, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation, rest, assuagement, break, easing, embossment, ministration, mitigation. çaresiz 1. helpless (aciz); synonyms (adj) forlorn, powerless, defenseless, weak, disabled, feeble, hopeless, impotent, unable, incompetent, vulnerable, (n) frail, (v) destitute, abandoned, 2. inevitable; synonyms (adj) certain, ineluctable, unavoidable, inescapable, destined, fatal, fated, irresistible, irrevocable, necessary, obvious, avoidless, predictable, unchangeable; antonyms (adj) uncertain, evitable. çaresizlik desperation; synonyms (n) despair, fury, rage, foolhardiness, recklessness, desperateness, burst, confusion. çark wheel (Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) circle, cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, (v) roll, revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle, gyrate, rotate, twirl. çarkçı engineer (mühendis); synonyms (n) architect, mastermind, machinist, (v) devise, conduct, contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct, finagle, fix, guide, hatch, manage. çarmıh cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered. çarpan factor (etmen); synonyms (n) agent, component, broker, divisor, element, ingredient, part, deputy, consideration, feature, parameter, point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent. çarpıcı 1. striking; synonyms (adj) impressive, dramatic, outstanding, salient, spectacular, imposing, astonishing, conspicuous, extraordinary, notable, noticeable, prominent, remarkable, (n) hit,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English strike; antonyms (adj) ugly, ordinary, unimpressive, 2. dramatic; synonyms (adj) theatrical, scenic, exciting, sensational, striking, sudden, thespian; antonyms (adj) gradual, undramatic. çarpık irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical, anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic, changeable, desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla, sporadic, strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms (adj) regular, constant, even, normal, smooth, symmetrical, compact, cyclic, equal, steady. çarpıklık 1. distortion; synonyms (n) aberration, contortion, deformation, misrepresentation, exaggeration, corruption, malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity, (v) perversion, 2. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold. çarpım product (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, output, merchandise, proceeds, outgrowth, crop, article, commodity, composition, consequence, manufacture, harvest, development, effect, (v) produce. çarpışma 1. collision; synonyms (n) clash, clashing, conflict, crash, hit, smash, accident, rencounter, jar, hitting, striking, blow, concussion, contact, discord, 2. impact (etki); synonyms (n) shock, collision, force, effect, impingement, impression, influence, touch, bang, consequence, jolt, push, upshot, (v) affect, ram, 3. conflict; synonyms (n) combat, fight, battle, contention, contest, dispute, encounter, action, antagonism, difference, disagreement, engagement, fighting, scuffle, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree, 4. engagement; synonyms (n) appointment, commitment, contract, duty, betrothal, date, employment, employ, meeting, mesh, rendezvous, affair, assignation, bargain, bout, 5. combat; synonyms (n) brawl, fray, war, hostility, affray, struggle, feud, (v) oppose, resist, wrestle, tilt, attack, contend, engage, grapple, 6. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, activity, agency, deed, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, move, plot, (v) achievement; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 7. clash; synonyms (n) brush, clang, quarrel, wrangle, argument, clangor, clangour, clatter, scrap, skirmish, (v) impact, clank, squabble, disagree, jangle, 8. encounter; synonyms (n) confrontation, competition, (v) confront, experience, face, find, detect, bump, chance, incur, meet, receive, see, suffer, assail; antonym (v) retreat. çarpışmak 1. clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush, clang, crash, discord, encounter, (v) jar, fight, impact, brawl, clank, collide, conflict, dispute; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 2. encounter; synonyms (n) collision, combat, contest, action,

95

confrontation, engagement, (v) clash, confront, experience, face, find, rencounter, detect, bump, chance; antonym (v) retreat. çarpıtma distortion (çarpıklık); synonyms (n) aberration, contortion, deformation, misrepresentation, exaggeration, corruption, malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity, (v) perversion. çarpıtmak angle (açı); synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish. çarpma 1. impact (etki); synonyms (n) hit, shock, blow, clash, collision, crash, force, effect, impingement, impression, influence, touch, (v) affect, contact, ram, 2. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) beat, caress, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, streak, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, move, pat, 3. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) assault, clap, rap, smash, tap, (v) impress, slap, box, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint, whack, lash, 4. shock (şok); synonyms (n) daze, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, scare, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten, horrify; antonym (v) comfort. çarpmak 1. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, 2. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, collide, encounter, clash, club, contact, (n) smash, touch, chance, bash, collision, play; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. bang; synonyms (n) smack, blast, rap, thud, clang, crack, crash, (v) slam, boom, clatter, clink, thump, whack, pat, clank, 4. pulse; synonyms (n) impulse, pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence, measure, pulsing, vibration, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate, pound, vibrate. çarşaf sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf, canvas, film, paper, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail. çarşı 1. market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle, merchandise, sale, 2. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, comely, (adv) clean, (n) blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted. çatal fork; synonyms (n) crotch, branch, bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle, forking, junction, (v) diverge, divide, separate, split, bend, pitchfork. çatallaşmak 1. fork (çatal); synonyms (n) crotch, branch, bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle, forking, junction, (v) diverge, divide, separate, split, bend, pitchfork, 2. crack; synonyms (n) break,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

96

Turkish - English

fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave, rift; antonyms (v) repair, mend. çatı 1. framework (iskelet); synonyms (n) frame, fabric, framing, chassis, form, shell, architecture, carcass, grating, rack, setting, skeleton, structure, anatomy, building, 2. skeleton (iskelet); synonyms (n) framework, sketch, bones, body, outline, scaffold, cadaver, corpse, plan, summary, build, physique, corse, ruins, (v) draft, 3. roof (dam); synonyms (n) crown, ceiling, housing, dome, shelter, back, house, (v) top, cover, 4. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, fashion, formation, stand, box, (v) construct, fabricate, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, shape, create, 5. voice (ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state. çatırtı crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair, mend. çatışma 1. clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush, clang, crash, discord, encounter, (v) jar, fight, impact, brawl, clank, collide, conflict, dispute; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 2. collision (çarpışma); synonyms (n) clash, clashing, hit, smash, accident, rencounter, hitting, striking, blow, concussion, contact, percussion, shock, (v) rencontre, 3. conflict; synonyms (n) combat, contention, contest, action, antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, engagement, fighting, scuffle, strife, struggle, war, argument; antonyms (n) accord, harmony, peace. çatışmak clash; synonyms (n) bang, battle, brush, clang, crash, discord, encounter, (v) jar, fight, impact, brawl, clank, collide, conflict, dispute; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree. çatlak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair, mend, 2. fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, demerit, weakness, default, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, slit, divide, separate, divorce, division, fork, part, rift, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, parting; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 4. crazy (deli); synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap, wild, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, demented, eccentric, foolish, ludicrous, preposterous, silly, wacky; antonyms (adj) sane, sensible, 5. chap; synonyms (n) fellow, person, blighter, cranny, guy,

lad, man, beau, scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male, wight; antonym (n) woman, 6. break (mola); synonyms (v) fail, infringe, leak, undo, beat, bust, contravene, (n) pause, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension, breakage, chance; antonyms (v) obey, honor, (n) continuation. çatlamak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair, mend, 2. chap; synonyms (n) fellow, person, blighter, crack, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male; antonym (n) woman, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. çatlatmak 1. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair, mend, 2. chap; synonyms (n) fellow, person, blighter, crack, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male; antonym (n) woman, 3. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) cut, slit, divide, separate, divorce, division, fork, part, rift, rive, (n) rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, parting; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge. çavuş sergeant; synonyms (n) serjeant, detective, disciplinarian, officer. çay 1. tea; synonyms (n) reception, meal, party, teatime, (v) chocolate, cocoa, coffee, 2. stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle. çaydanlık kettle; synonyms (n) boiler, can, kettledrum, kettleful, timpani, urn, alembic, bolthead, capsule, pan, bucket, container, eardrum, matrass, receiver. çayır 1. grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 2. field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere. çaylak kite (uçurtma); synonyms (n) parachute, airplane, epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram. çehre 1. face (surat, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 2. aspect; synonyms (n) bearing, manner, prospect, view, air, angle, face, facet, feature, quality, respect, scene, vista, shape, (v) regard.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English çek 1. check (denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill, cheque, 2. cheque; synonyms (n) draft, assay, checkout, chip, chit, confirmation, crack, hitch, stay, stoppage, substantiation, tab, verification, (v) check, trace. çekiç hammer; synonyms (n) pound, gavel, (v) strike, bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge, hit, thrash, drive, drum, rap, batter. çekici 1. attractive; synonyms (adj) alluring, amiable, appealing, charming, engaging, good-looking, tempting, adorable, delightful, enchanting, fascinating, glamorous, gorgeous, handsome, interesting; antonyms (adj) unattractive, ugly, unappealing, disgusting, repellent, revolting, repulsive, straight, unpleasant, 2. tractor (traktör); synonyms (n) backhoe, grader, steamroller, 3. catching; synonyms (adj) contagious, communicable, infectious, epidemic, (n) discovery, take, 4. charming; synonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, captivating, lovely, pleasing, winning, nice, agreeable, amusing, bewitching, cute, delectable, exquisite, lovable, magic, 5. magnetic (manyetik); synonyms (adj) charismatic, inviting, magnetized, prepossessing, entrancing, seductive, hypnotic, dynamic, electric, electrical, electrifying, magical, magnetised, mesmerizing, repetitive, 6. fascinating (büyüleyici); synonyms (adj) absorbing, engrossing, desirable, enthralling, fetching, gripping, magnetic, riveting, compelling, exotic, exciting, spellbinding, invigorating, striking, (v) taking; antonyms (adj) boring, uninteresting, dull, 7. glamorous; synonyms (adj) colorful, glamourous, swanky, 8. appealing; synonyms (adj) likable, pretty, enticing, imploring, likeable, pleading, pleasant, sweet, 9. inviting, 10. winning; synonyms (adj) triumphant, victorious, successful, disarming, ingratiating, persuasive; antonym (adv) losing, 11. taking; synonyms (adj) catching, (n) capture, acceptance, acharnement, receipt. çekicilik 1. attraction (cazibe); synonyms (n) allure, enticement, invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal, charm, lure, attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination, inducement, magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n) repulsion, disgust, revulsion, 2. charm; synonyms (n) amulet, spell, attraction, conjure, incantation, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor, please; antonyms (n) ugliness, (v) repel, 3. fascination; synonyms (n) bewitchment, enchantment, glamor, glamour, captivation, charisma, enthrallment, magic, trance, interest, pull, seduction, witchery, fancy, mania; antonym (n) distraction, 4. appeal; synonyms (n) plea, address, application, demand,

97

entreaty, prayer, recourse, (v) request, sue, ask, beseech, implore, plead, advert, apply; antonym (n) unpleasantness. çekiçlemek hammer (çekiç); synonyms (n) pound, gavel, (v) strike, bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge, hit, thrash, drive, drum, rap, batter. çekiliş draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure, attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel. çekilme withdrawal; synonyms (n) removal, retirement, retreat, secession, departure, defection, desertion, recession, backdown, retraction, repeal, recall, exit, exodus, (v) subtraction. çekilmek 1. retire; synonyms (v) recede, resign, leave, retreat, withdraw, abdicate, ebb, adjourn, depart, go, quit, remove, return, secede, regrade, 2. resign; synonyms (v) renounce, cede, relinquish, abandon, drop, deliver, forgo, surrender, forsake, desert, forego, submit, yield, reconcile, release, 3. withdraw (geri çekmek); synonyms (v) extract, retire, retract, cancel, disengage, draw, recall, repeal, rescind, revoke, shrink, subtract, swallow, unsay, deduct; antonyms (v) advance, extend, give, offer, present, propose, deposit. çekilmez 1. impossible; synonyms (adj) insufferable, unimaginable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical, inconceivable, unbelievable, unlikely, ridiculous, unthinkable, intolerable, implausible, incredible, unacceptable, unfeasible; antonyms (adj) possible, achievable, feasible, 2. intolerable; synonyms (adj) insupportable, unbearable, painful, obnoxious, deplorable, detestable, inexcusable; antonyms (adj) bearable, tolerable. çekilmiş 1. drawn; synonyms (adj) haggard, careworn, worn, gaunt, pinched, taut, cadaverous, tired, 2. ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt, field, soil, account, country, basis, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling. çekim attraction (cazibe); synonyms (n) allure, enticement, invitation, affinity, allurement, appeal, charm, lure, attractiveness, bait, draw, fascination, inducement, magnetism, temptation; antonyms (n) repulsion, disgust, revulsion. çekingen 1. shy (ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing, 2. reserved; synonyms (adj) distant, bashful, aloof, frigid, quiet, retiring, shy, formal, humble, moderate, unapproachable, cautious, cool, guarded, (n) cold; antonyms (adj) open, forthcoming, relaxed, uninhibited, warm.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

98

Turkish - English

çekingenlik 1. inhibition; synonyms (n) check,

çekme 1. pull (çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw,

prohibition, restraint, suppression, taboo, control, ban, constraint, arrest, forbiddance, repression, restriction, (v) interference, collision, 2. reserve (ayırmak); synonyms (n) backup, modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness, informality, warmth. çekinmek shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. çekirdek 1. nucleus; synonyms (n) core, heart, kernel, center, essence, nub, root, basis, embryo, focus, germ, gist, marrow, bud, hub, 2. core (göbek); synonyms (n) bosom, quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre, crux, middle, pith, substance, nut, key, import, (adj) central; antonym (adj) minor, 3. seed (tohum); synonyms (n) issue, posterity, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus, brood, source, beginning, berry, breed, (v) inseminate, plant, sow, (adj) crumb. çekiş 1. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, lure, puff, get, outline, (n) allure, draft. çekişme 1. contention; synonyms (n) competition, argument, argumentation, battle, conflict, assertion, controversy, discord, allegation, arguing, claim, difference, dispute, opposition, quarrel; antonym (n) harmony, 2. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat, fight, contention, contest, encounter, action, antagonism, collision, disagreement, engagement, fighting, scuffle, strife, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, peace, (v) agree, 3. contest; synonyms (n) bout, altercation, race, struggle, debate, feud, game, match, (v) compete, contend, argue, challenge, war, controvert, discuss, 4. competition; synonyms (n) rivalry, competitor, rival, contender, emulation, event, fixture, challenger; antonym (n) cooperation. çekişmek 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition, conflict, fight, altercation, contention, race, struggle, (v) battle, compete, combat, contend, dispute, argue, challenge, 2. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, contest, encounter, action, antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, engagement, fighting, scuffle, strife, war, clashing, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree.

draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. extraction; synonyms (n) descent, ancestry, birth, origin, family, lineage, removal, blood, beginning, essence, extract, genealogy, line, parentage, stock; antonym (n) insertion, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch, check, drawing, drink, (v) outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan, recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge, 4. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) pull, depict, derive, describe, tie, bring, charm, lure, puff, get, carry, deduce, elongate, (n) allure, draft. çekmece drawer; synonyms (n) draftsman, draughtsman, till, commode, engraver, case, locker, closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cupboard, draftsperson. çekmek 1. pull (çekme); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. draw (çizmek); synonyms (v) delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, lure, puff, get, outline, (n) allure, draft, 3. drag (sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) trail, cart, heave, lug, tow, delay, shamble, dredge, inhale, (n) bother, bore, hindrance, inhalation, friction, clog, 4. attract; synonyms (v) fascinate, beguile, captivate, enamor, entice, invite, tempt, arrest, absorb, appeal, attach, beckon, capture, catch, court; antonym (v) disgust, 5. absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume, drink, engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy, suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, ingest, involve, (adj) immerse; antonym (v) emit, 6. engage; synonyms (v) contract, book, employ, betroth, charter, enlist, retain, hire, lock, mesh, rent, take, busy, apply, bind; antonyms (v) fire, disengage, 7. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) abstract, educe, elicit, distill, express, extort, cull, distil, mine, 8. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, afford, allow, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey, endure, hold, 9. grip (kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, clamp, (v) grasp, cling, apprehend, embrace, grab, grapple, gripe; antonym (v) release,

10. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost, confirm; antonyms (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 11. withdraw (geri çekmek); synonyms (v) extract, remove, retire, retract, retreat, cancel, leave, recall, recede, secede, depart, go, repeal, rescind, revoke; antonyms (v) advance,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English extend, give, offer, present, propose, deposit, 12. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, germinate, grow, inject, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 13. sustain; synonyms (v) support, continue, preserve, suffer, have, relieve, strengthen, affirm, bolster, corroborate, experience, nourish, nurture, receive, substantiate. çelik steel; synonyms (n) harden, blade, brand, brace, foil, fortify, sword, invigorate, strengthen, (adj) iron, adamant, (v) nerve, temper, gird. çelişki contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis, denial, clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy, inconsistency, opposite, refutation, reverse; antonym (n) agreement. çelişmek contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) contrariety, antithesis, comparison, distinction, difference, variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ, conflict, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint; antonym (n) similarity. Çeltik paddy; synonyms (n) mick, (adj) rice, bran, farina, flour, meal, spore, sporule, boorish, low, mean, vagabond. çember 1. circle (daire); synonyms (n) round, association, band, compass, ring, field, range, beat, circuit, company, gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl, encircle, 2. ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) jingle, loop, rim, annulus, arena, clique, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird, buzz, ding. çene 1. jaw; synonyms (n) chin, jaws, (v) chatter, gossip, chat, gab, jabber, berate, chaffer, chew, confabulate, gabble, chide, lecture, (adj) clack, 2. chin; synonyms (n) talk, jaw, jawbone, rap, mentum, button, cheek, chops, mouth, point, (v) speak, confer, utter. çengel hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach. çengellemek hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach. çentik 1. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, 2. chip (yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap, shaving, (v) crack, nick, peel, cheep, chirp, 3. nick; synonyms (n) chip, incision, score, arrest, gash, gouge, indentation, (v) dent, steal, hack, indent, slash, snick, nail, scrape. çentmek 1. chip (yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap, shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel, 2. nick; synonyms (n) notch, mark, chip, incision,

99

score, scratch, arrest, gash, gouge, indentation, (v) dent, steal, hack, indent, slash. çerçeve 1. frame; synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, 2. outline (özet); synonyms (n) sketch, edge, abstract, contour, digest, figure, frame, synopsis, brief, (v) line, describe, draw, chart, adumbrate, blueprint, 3. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, fix, (n) hill, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley, 4. rim; synonyms (n) margin, brim, brink, boundary, verge, lip, confine, bound, flange, limit, ring, mouth, ridge, (v) skirt, hem. çerçevelemek frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive. çeşit 1. kind (tür); synonyms (n) form, helpful, sort, benign, brand, breed, class, gentle, type, variety, (adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 2. sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) kind, assortment, description, rank, pattern, fashion, nature, order, organize, range, (v) group, arrange, classify, divide, (adj) manner, 3. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, charge, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, genus, (v) direct, commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 4. description (betimleme, tanım); synonyms (n) account, delineation, depiction, explanation, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, representation, statement, story, portrait, (adj) character, 5. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, pitch, (n) appearance, casting, mold, 6. breed; synonyms (n) race, ancestry, posterity, progeny, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, hatch, produce, propagate, raise, 7. class (sınıf); synonyms (n) category, grade, position, department, classification, course, denomination, division, elegance, family, like, (v) place, categorize, assort, branch, 8. variety (varyete); synonyms (n) species, change, style, variation, diversity, miscellany, strain, variance, mixture, hodgepodge, medley, miscellanea, pedigree, stock, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity, 9. species (tür); synonyms (n) show, sight, phenomenon, premonstration, scene, (v) offspring. çeşitleme variation; synonyms (n) alteration, change, difference, divergence, mutation, variance,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

100

Turkish - English

deviation, discrepancy, departure, fluctuation, disagreement, dissimilarity, permutation, contrast, distinction; antonym (n) similarity. çeşitlemek vary; synonyms (v) alter, change, differ, modify, alternate, deviate, diverge, diversify, modulate, depart, disagree, fluctuate, shift, variegate, contrast. çeşitli 1. different (başka); synonyms (adj) another, assorted, dissimilar, unusual, various, alien, alternative, discrete, distinct, diverse, foreign, fresh, miscellaneous, new, opposite; antonyms (adj) similar, corresponding, equal, identical, like, typical, 2. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, different, diversified, sundry, heterogeneous, manifold, motley, many, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform, 3. various; synonyms (adj) several, varied, divers, separate, numerous, multiple, frequent, disparate, unequal; antonym (adj) few. çeşitlilik variety (varyete); synonyms (n) kind, sort, species, change, form, style, type, variation, breed, diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, (adj) class, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity. çeşme fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source, origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow. çeşni flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma, savor, smell, feel, feeling, relish, sapidity, savour, smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season. çeşnilendirmek season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate. çete 1. gang; synonyms (n) crew, band, circle, company, crowd, association, bunch, faction, mob, pack, team, assemblage, clique, club, group, 2. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, collar, gang, knot, lace, strap, strip, stripe, zone, (v) ring, combine, tie. çetin 1. tough; synonyms (adj) hard, difficult, tenacious, strong, arduous, firm, hardy, laborious, rugged, severe, stout, sturdy, rough, (n) bully, rowdy; antonyms (adj) tender, easy, weak, flimsy, soft, feeble, lightweight, simple, 2. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, grave, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic, backbreaking, compact, complicated, dour, (v) acute; antonyms (adj) kind, merciful, soggy, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) awkward, demanding, burdensome, delicate, fastidious, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex, contrary, crabby, disagreeable, exacting; antonyms (adj) straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear. çevik 1. brisk; synonyms (adj) active, agile, bracing, alive, bright, lively, quick, acute, alert, energetic, nimble, smart, sprightly, adroit, animated;

antonyms (adj) slow, soporific, 2. swift (hızlı); synonyms (adj) fast, fleet, rapid, speedy, hasty, prompt, expeditious, hurried, sudden, abrupt, express, ready, impetuous, unexpected, (n) cylinder; antonyms (adj) considered, leisurely. çeviri 1. version (uyarlama); synonyms (n) reading, translation, construction, interpretation, rendering, rendition, variation, account, description, variant, lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase, 2. interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version, exposition, clarification, commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting, analysis, performance, understanding, explication, gloss, evaluation, meaning, representation, 3. translation; synonyms (n) displacement, transformation, metamorphosis, conversion, shift, adaptation, alteration, consecration, edition, induction, institution, ordination, preferment, resurrection, (v) transmission. çevirme 1. conversion (dönüştürme); synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover, adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition, version, (adj) salvation, 2. assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering, meeting, collection, congregation, convention, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company, conclave, concourse, (v) assemblage, 3. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring. çevirmek 1. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle, 2. convert (dönüştürmek); synonyms (v) alter, adapt, reform, commute, invert, exchange, modify, switch, transform, turn, become, replace, (n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 3. spin (döndürmek); synonyms (n) twirl, whirl, ride, eddy, (v) run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent, narrate, pivot, recite, recount, rotate, 4. render; synonyms (v) afford, interpret, explain, furnish, give, offer, pay, construe, depict, impart, make, provide, return, translate, yield. çevre 1. environment (ortam); synonyms (n) circumstance, background, habitat, atmosphere, context, setting, surroundings, vicinity, ecology, element, circumstances, environs, medium, scene, home, 2. surroundings; synonyms (n) environment, neighborhood, milieu, ambiance, situation, surround, ambience, locale, 3. sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department, globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field, 4. vicinity; synonyms (n) district, proximity, place, locality, neighbourhood, vicinage, outskirts, section, 5. neighbourhood, 6. atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n) air, aura, feel, feeling, mood, quality, climate, atm, 7.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English compass (pusula); synonyms (n) scope, circumference, extent, reach, room, breadth, ambit, boundary, capacity, (v) get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 8. region (bölge); synonyms (n) land, country, part, circuit, division, quarter, territory, belt, expanse, ground, dominion, demesne, direction, position, kingdom. çevrebilim ecology (ekoloji); synonyms (n) bionomics, botany, conservationism, network, system. çevrede around; synonyms (adv) about, approximately, almost, round, roughly, nearly, some, somewhere, (prep) encompassing, encircling, circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity. çevresel 1. peripheral; synonyms (adj) exterior, outer, external, marginal, extraneous, outlying, outside, nonessential, outdoor, frivolous, peripherical, superficial, divergent, extreme, (n) component; antonyms (adj) central, vital, 2. environmental; synonyms (adj) ecological, physical, circumstantial, biodegradable, biological, conservation, natural, geographical, geological, green, organic, pure, recyclable, (n) earthly, terrestrial. çevresinde round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, (v) compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp. çevrim 1. circuit (devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 2. cycle (bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle, ring, sequence, circuit, period, turn, bout, run, age, interval, orbit, (v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, pedal. çeyiz portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) part, division, piece, constituent, allot, component, fragment, parcel, section, dole, allowance, (v) lot, dividend, divide, allotment. çeyrek quarter; synonyms (n) area, part, district, division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction, portion, quart, (v) place, lodge, line, put, accommodate. çiçek flower; synonyms (n) bouquet, cream, efflorescence, elite, floret, florescence, ornament, nosegay, (v) bloom, blossom, blow, flourish, (adj) prime, floral, fructify. çiçeklenmek flower (çiçek); synonyms (n) bouquet, cream, efflorescence, elite, floret, florescence, ornament, nosegay, (v) bloom, blossom, blow, flourish, (adj) prime, floral, fructify. çiçeklik bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting. çift 1. double (çifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, (n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single, 2. dual; synonyms (adj) double, duplex, doubled, bivalent,

101

combined, threefold, treble, bifold, binal, common, cooperative, double-dip, doubleheader, forked, matched; antonym (adj) individual, 3. even (hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, constant, equable, equivalent, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven, inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal, 4. couple; synonyms (n) brace, yoke, duo, dyad, twosome, (v) pair, connect, associate, combine, attach, copulate, join, tie, link, (adj) hook; antonym (v) uncouple, 5. pair; synonyms (n) duet, coupling, couplet, duad, team, two, bitstock, deuce, (v) couple, equate, (adj) doublet. çiftçi farmer; synonyms (n) countryman, agriculturist, rustic, husbandman, granger, sodbuster, yeoman, producer, sower, woodcutter, agricultor, agronomist, breeder, cob, feeder. çiftçilik 1. farming; synonyms (n) agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, culture, tillage, land, 2. agriculture; synonyms (n) farming, agribusiness, agronomy, geoponics, agriculturism, defense, education, interior, labor, plough, state, terraculture, agronomics, commerce, justice. çifte double (çift); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, (n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single. çiftleşmek couple (çift); synonyms (n) brace, yoke, duo, dyad, (v) pair, connect, associate, combine, attach, copulate, join, tie, link, match, (adj) hook; antonym (v) uncouple. çiftlik farm; synonyms (n) property, grange, dairy, estate, farmhouse, (v) cultivate, raise, grow, hire, plant, produce, rear, rent. çiğ raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked. çığlık cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper. çiğneme breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack, crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene, fissure; antonym (n) observance. çiğnenmiş broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild.

çıkar 1. advantage (avantaj, üstünlük, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency, good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

102

Turkish - English

disadvantage, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist, help, advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm, 3. interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, affair, hobby, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, consequence, importance, (v) engage, care, appeal, affect, fascinate, occupy, (adj) claim; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore, 4. profit; synonyms (n) produce, earnings, increase, dividend, lucre, proceeds, increment, income, usefulness, utility, vantage, acquisition, (v) net, earn, merit; antonym (v) lose. çıkarma 1. extraction; synonyms (n) descent, ancestry, birth, origin, family, lineage, removal, blood, beginning, essence, extract, genealogy, line, parentage, stock; antonym (n) insertion, 2. elimination (eleme); synonyms (n) cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance, segregation; antonyms (n) addition, establishment, 3. omission; synonyms (n) failure, error, fault, ellipsis, inadvertence, mistake, neglect, oversight, flaw, default, pretermission, slip, disregard, exception, (adj) defect; antonyms (n) inclusion, adherence, 4. exclusion; synonyms (n) banishment, elimination, debarment, expulsion, ostracism, prohibition, rejection, repudiation, barring, nonadmission, dismissal, disqualification, excommunication, proscription, refusal; antonym (n) entitlement, 5. emission (yayma); synonyms (n) emanation, effusion, venting, vent, dismission. çıkarmak 1. derive; synonyms (v) deduce, stem, come, deduct, draw, result, conclude, descend, educe, elicit, evolve, extract, gain, get, infer, 2. eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete, rid, annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish, obliterate, take, clear, destroy, discard, dismiss, erase, 3. remove (kaldırmak); synonyms (v) oust, pull, eject, expel, discharge, strip, evacuate, dislodge, empty, eliminate, exclude, move, transport, (n) displace, (adj) free; antonyms (v) insert, install, place, 4. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, passage, (v) abstract, derive, distill, express, extort, cull, distil, mine, 5. scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate, 6. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, hold, adopt, bear, carry, catch, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, acquire, (n) seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose. çıkın pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n) bundle, mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch,

backpack, box, gang, (v) crowd, compress, heap, cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack. çıkıntı 1. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence, hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge, consequence, distinction, projection, celebrity, fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity; antonym (n) obscurity, 2. projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) jut, prominence, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, map, forecast, cast, excrescence, convexity, ejection, prediction, (adj) salient. çıkıntılı prominent; synonyms (adj) eminent, notable, noted, great, celebrated, distinguished, famous, illustrious, leading, noticeable, obvious, outstanding, salient, striking, (v) conspicuous; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, unknown, minor. çıkış 1. exit (çıkmak); synonyms (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent, death, (v) depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape; antonyms (n) arrival, entry, (v) enter, 2. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise, climb, ascending, elevation, hill, incline, advance, grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination; antonyms (n) descent, fall, 3. output (çıktı); synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v) outcome, 4. outgoing (giden); synonyms (adj) friendly, expansive, forthcoming, gregarious, demonstrative, extrovert, companionable, open, sociable, extroverted, extrovertish; antonyms (adj) inward, next, reserved, incoming, introverted, 5. outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, exit, opening, store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, aperture, emission, gap, release, grip, 6. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, consequence, effect, event, progeny, result, conclusion, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, discharge, gush, circulate, debouch, 7.

start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, flinch, (n) onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, 8. starting; synonyms (n) start, first, outset, kickoff, source, advantage, offset, (adj) initial, incipient, original, introductory, preliminary, early, preparatory, (prep) from. çıkma 1. outbreak; synonyms (n) epidemic, eruption, explosion, burst, onset, outburst, mutiny, attack, flood, rash, rebellion, revolt, spate, spell, storm, 2. exit (çıkış, çıkmak); synonyms (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent, death, (v) depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape; antonyms (n) arrival, entry, (v) enter. çıkmak 1. exit (çıkış); synonyms (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, gate, going, passage, vent, death, (v) depart, go, leave, decease, die, escape; antonyms (n) arrival, entry, (v) enter, 2. climb (tırmanmak); synonyms (v) ascend, arise, clamber, escalate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending, jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop, 3. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, improvement, incline, slope, (v) climb, heave, grow, originate, rear; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, sink, plummet, retire, 4. prove; synonyms (v) demonstrate, attest, confirm, manifest, establish, evidence, examine, show, approve, assert, authenticate, check, corroborate, essay, evince; antonym (v) disprove, 5. stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, base, (v) block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 6. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, jet, cause, font, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, recoil, (adj) elastic. çıkmaz dilemma (ikilem); synonyms (n) quandary, corner, fix, jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis, difficulty, plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj) embarrassment, perplexity. çikolata chocolate; synonyms (n) brown, bonbon, cocoa, coffee, candy, sweet, (adj) brunette, tan, auburn, bay, castaneous, chestnut, cinnamon, dapple, (v) tea. çıktı output; synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v) outcome. çile 1. ordeal; synonyms (n) trial, experience, suffering, affliction, martyrdom, misery, test, tribulation, trouble, anxiety, assay, care, distress, hell, nightmare, 2. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) examination, experiment, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, effort, endeavor, proof, misfortune, sorrow, (adj) experimental, 3. suffering; synonyms (v) pain, (n) agony, anguish, hurt, grief, ordeal, torment, torture, ill, injury, sufferance, damage, passion, endurance, (adj) miserable; antonym (n) content. çılgın 1. mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied, demented, foolish, insane, delirious, angry, crazy, distracted, frenetic, lunatic, wild, irate, (n) furious, anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible, 2. crazy (deli); synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, eccentric, ludicrous, preposterous, silly, wacky, balmy, bonkers, outrageous. çılgınlık madness; synonyms (n) frenzy, furor, insanity, lunacy, delirium, folly, idiocy, insaneness, aberration, anger, craziness, (adj) fury, rage, desperation, furore; antonyms (n) sanity, sense. çim 1. grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 2. lawn; synonyms (n) grass, grassplot, field, park, meadow, grassplat, plot, backyard, esplanade, mead, pasturage, heather, neighborhood, plat, terrace.

103

çimen grass (ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp. çimenlik lawn; synonyms (n) grass, grassplot, field, green, park, meadow, grassplat, plot, backyard, esplanade, mead, pasturage, heather, neighborhood, plat. çimento cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete. çimentolamak cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete. çınar plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush. çınlamak 1. sing (ötmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak, 2. ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird. çınlatmak ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird. çıplak 1. naked; synonyms (adj) bald, bare, exposed, nude, open, barren, bleak, raw, unclothed, defenseless, defenceless, undraped, alone, denuded, destitute; antonyms (adj) covered, concealed, 2. bare; synonyms (adj) naked, austere, stark, desolate, devoid, mere, plain, vacant, vacuous, (v) empty, show, disclose, denude, expose, reveal; antonyms (adj) cultivated, ornate, (v) cover. çiriş 1. cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete, 2. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness. çirişlemek size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness. çirkin 1. ugly; synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental, 2. unpleasant; synonyms (adj) harsh, obnoxious, ugly, sour, awkward, bad, hard, rude,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

104

Turkish - English

abhorrent, bitter, horrible, objectionable, odious, painful, (n) difficult; antonyms (adj) pleasant, agreeable, delightful, comfortable, enjoyable, nice, wonderful, charming. çırpmak beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose. çiş urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle, emiction, lanterloo, netting, peeing, pissing, weewee. çit 1. fence; synonyms (n) enclosure, barrier, hurdle, pale, bar, boundary, barricade, fencing, (v) hedge, wall, contend, enclose, parry, quibble, evade, 2. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, enclosing, pen, addition, sty, case, envelopment, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, supplement, chamber, 3. barrier (engel); synonyms (n) bulwark, dam, handicap, obstruction, rampart, restraint, block, fence, hindrance, impediment, obstacle, partition, snag, barrage, guard, 4. hedge; synonyms (n) hedging, bush, hedgerow, screen, (v) dodge, fudge, elude, skirt, avoid, circumvent, duck, equivocate, border, prevaricate, protect. çıtlatmak hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue, intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling, implication, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone. çizelge 1. table (masa, tablo); synonyms (n) board, chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console, platen, panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate, tablet, (adj) plate, 2. chart (grafik); synonyms (n) plan, plot, table, graphic, diagram, drawing, schematic, figure, illustration, (v) map, graph, sketch, design, draw, outline, 3. schedule; synonyms (n) agenda, catalog, program, calendar, catalogue, inventory, roll, index, docket, fare, arrangement, record, (v) register, book, arrange. çizenek diagram (diyagram); synonyms (n) design, chart, sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration, outline, picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot. çizge graph (grafik); synonyms (n) figure, diagram, plan, drawing, illustration, map, table, (v) chart. çizgi 1. line (hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order, 2. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, 3. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 4. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose, confine; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 5. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, apoplexy, attack, bang,

impact, knock, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, move, pat, (adj) blow.

çizgisel linear (doğrusal); synonyms (adj) lineal, rectilinear, running, additive, analog, analogue, ancestral, elongate, family, patriarchal, direct, straight, delineated, elongated, functional. çizik scratch (kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. çizim 1. drawing; synonyms (n) draft, drafting, delineation, picture, plan, cartoon, depiction, draftsmanship, draught, draw, painting, chart, design, figure, illustration, 2. chart (grafik); synonyms (n) plot, table, graphic, diagram, drawing, schematic, schedule, scheme, (v) map, graph, sketch, list, outline. çizme boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. çizmek 1. draw (çekmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure, attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate, 3. describe (betimlemek); synonyms (v) define, outline, report, represent, state, draw, relate, qualify, characterize, designate, explain, name, narrate, recite, recount, 4. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 5. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme, chart, graph, patch, action, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer, 6. trace (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) line, shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint, indication, shade, suggestion, touch, trail, bit, (v) track, hunt, pursue. çoban shepherd; synonyms (n) pastor, clergyman, minister, sheepherder, sheepman, priest, presbyter, churchman, divine, ecclesiastic, (v) conduct, guide, lead, guard, cowherd. çobanpüskülü holly; synonym (adv) wholly. çocuk 1. child; synonyms (n) baby, boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, juvenile, kid, minor, toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp; antonym (n) adult, 2. infant (bebek); synonyms (n) child, nursling, (adj) young, 3. youngster (delikanlı); synonyms (n) lad, urchin, adolescent, youth, nipper, shaver, teen, teenager, lass, 4. kid; synonyms (n) kidskin, offspring, tike, tyke, (v) joke, jest, banter, chaff, mock, fool, jolly, dupe, rag, taunt, tease. çocuklar issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English çocukluk childhood; synonyms (n) babyhood, boyhood, immaturity, infancy, puerility, youth, youthhood, age, education, background, childishness, juniority, (adj) ancient, infant, juvenile; antonym (n) adulthood. çoğalma 1. accession; synonyms (n) addition, acceptance, augmentation, increase, access, accretion, acquisition, agreement, arrival, assent, coming, entrance, increment, 2. increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, boom, expansion, extension, growth, progress, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate. çoğalmak increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate. çoğaltma reproduction; synonyms (n) replica, propagation, duplicate, breeding, copy, generation, copying, facsimile, procreation, replication, reappearance, image, duplication, (adj) fake, imitation; antonym (adj) genuine. çoğaltmak increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) gain, addition, augmentation, boom, expansion, extension, (v) advance, accrue, extend, grow, aggrandize, expand, enhance, enlarge, (adj) augment; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) decrease, reduce, diminish, drop, deteriorate. çoğu most; synonyms (adv) nearly, greatly, nigh, virtually, (adj) almost, about, best, utmost, indeed, much, near, very, well, (n) majority, maximum; antonym (adv) least. çoğunluk majority; synonyms (n) bulk, age, plurality, body, mass, maturity, preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority. çoğunlukla 1. usually (genellikle); synonyms (adv) generally, commonly, mostly, normally, ordinarily, frequently, customarily, habitually, regularly, broadly, readily, unremarkably; antonyms (adv) unusually, rarely, exceptionally, 2. mostly; synonyms (adv) largely, chiefly, mainly, primarily, principally, especially, roughly, predominantly, usually, overall. çok 1. very (pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much, identical, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 2. much; synonyms (adv) frequently, almost, considerably, far, often, pretty, nearly, (n) lot, heap, multitude, plenty, (adj) great, considerable, practically, muckle, 3. many;

105

synonyms (adj) manifold, abundant, countless, frequent, various, innumerable, multiple, numerous, plentiful, several, different, numberless, (n) number; antonym (n) few, 4. multiple (kat); synonyms (adj) many, complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous, (n) coefficient; antonym (adj) simple, 5. highly; synonyms (adv) exceedingly, very, right, significantly, terribly, 6. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, likewise, besides, excessively, over, overly, further, furthermore, moreover, equally, and, unduly, similarly, 7. numerous; synonyms (adj) copious, myriad, rife, common, incalculable, thick, 8. badly; synonyms (adv) bad, poorly, desperately, evil, ill, seriously, severely, imperfectly, unkindly, amiss, grievously, hard, improperly, wrong, (adj) gravely; antonyms (adv) well, skillfully, flawlessly, giftedly, obediently, perfectly, 9. deadly; synonyms (adj) baneful, deathly, destructive, fatal, lethal, mortal, pernicious, toxic, virulent, noxious, pestilent, poisonous, baleful, boring, (v) dead; antonym (adj) harmless, 10. more (daha); synonyms (adv) beyond, (adj) additional, better, extra, larger, exceed, greater, other, (pron) another, (prep) above; antonyms (adv) fewer, less, (adj) inferior, 11. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, 12. abundant (bol); synonyms (adj) generous, lush, luxuriant, affluent, ample, fertile, fruitful, liberal, prolific, rich, substantial, teeming, abounding, bountiful, enough; antonyms (adj) scarce, sparse, meager, 13. large (büyük, geniş); synonyms (adj) big, extensive, broad, bulky, handsome, high, heavy, capacious, gross, hefty, huge, important, roomy, stout, fat; antonyms (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, 14. greatly; synonyms (adv) badly, enormously, exceptionally, dearly, abundantly, intensely, mightily, hugely, immensely, infinitely, profoundly, substantially, tremendously, vastly, (adj) deeply, 15. vast; synonyms (adj) immense, large, spacious, boundless, colossal, enormous, gigantic, immeasurable, wide, unlimited, gargantuan, giant, infinite, massive, monumental; antonyms (adj) limited, narrow, tiny, 16. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, fully, good, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous, 17. so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, 18. such (böyle); synonyms (adv) what, (adj) like, sic, sich, slik, swich, resembling.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

106

Turkish - English

çökelti sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition, lees, dregs, grounds, substance, filth, refuse, residue, settling. çoklu multiple (kat); synonyms (adj) manifold, many, complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous, various, (n) coefficient; antonym (adj) simple. çokluk abundance (bereket, bolluk); synonyms (n) wealth, amplitude, exuberance, plenitude, profusion, richness, store, treasure, affluence, breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility, (adj) plenty, riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity, aridity, insufficiency, lack, shortage. çökme 1. breakdown (bozulma); synonyms (n) collapse, fault, analysis, failure, ruin, defeat, downfall, fall, resolution, decay, smash, breakup, debacle, decomposition, (adj) fiasco, 2. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, clatter, impact, slam, wreck, (v) bang, break, clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram, thunder, 3. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, subsidence, bust, demise, (v) slump, buckle, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst, deflate, disintegrate, drop. çökmek 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father, inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse, crumple, break, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch, cascade; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, defeat, demise, (v) slump, buckle, crack, crumble, faint, burst, deflate. çöküntü depression (bunalım); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop. çöküş 1. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. decline; synonyms (n) decay, declension, declination, deterioration, diminution, (v) wane, reject, fall, abate, ebb, fail, refuse, deny, deteriorate, (adj) fade; antonyms (n) improvement, recovery, development, growth, rebirth, (v) accept, flourish, improve, 3. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, subsidence, bust, debacle, defeat, (v) break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst. Çöl 1. desert; synonyms (n) wilderness, (v) abandon, escape, defect, ditch, forsake, leave, relinquish, abscond, (adj) waste, barren, desolate, merit, wild,

worth; antonyms (n) bog, (v) stay, 2. wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wasteland, solitude, wildness. çömlekçilik pottery; synonyms (n) ceramic, clay, stoneware, clayware, terracotta, chinaware, container, (adj) earthenware. çöp 1. litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher, garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste, issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle, 2. waste; synonyms (n) desert, damage, dissipation, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate, languish; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 3. rubbish; synonyms (n) litter, nonsense, offal, debris, drivel, hogwash, trumpery, dirt, falderal, absurdity, folderol, rubble, balderdash, bull, (adj) bosh; antonym (n) sense. çorba soup; synonyms (n) broth, predicament, amalgam, combination, compound, explosive, fog, fuel, haze, (v) pottage, potage, drink, liquor, beverage, (adj) emulsion. çörek biscuit; synonyms (n) cookie, cooky, beige, head, tan, slug, spray, (adj) glamorous. çözelti solution (çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply. çözmek 1. resolve; synonyms (v) determine, decide, solve, conclude, decompose, dissolve, settle, end, (n) purpose, determination, decision, firmness, resolution, answer, analyze; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 2. solve; synonyms (v) resolve, interpret, decipher, crack, elucidate, explain, riddle, loosen, figure, guess, clarify, remedy, cipher, disentangle, (adj) loose. çözüm 1. solution (çözelti, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, 2. recipe; synonyms (n) receipt, method, formula, prescription, secret, nostrum, means, amalgamation, basis, batter, blend, capacity, convention, design, dish, 3. resolution; synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, firmness, purpose, solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy, fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness, dissection, ruling, judgment, conversion; antonym (n) indecisiveness. çözümleme analysis (analiz); synonyms (n) anatomy, breakdown, decomposition, inquiry, inspection, investigation, psychoanalysis, resolution, review, scrutiny, study, exploration, calculation, diagnosis, examination; antonym (n) synthesis. çözümlemek analyse (analiz etmek); synonyms (v) analyze, canvass, dissect, examine, study, psychoanalyse, psychoanalyze, canvas, collapse,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English contemplate, crumble, crumple, crush, die, (n) analyser. çözümlemeli analytical (analitik); synonyms (adj) analytic, critical, curious, inquisitive, logical, methodical, rational, systematic; antonym (adj) illogical. çözümsel analytical (analitik); synonyms (adj) analytic, critical, curious, inquisitive, logical, methodical, rational, systematic; antonym (adj) illogical.

çözünme solution (çözelti, çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply. çözünürlük resolution; synonyms (n) decision, determination, answer, conclusion, firmness, purpose, resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy, dissolution, fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness; antonym (n) indecisiveness. çubuk 1. bar (bar); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace, 3. strip; synonyms (n) slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare, bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate, 4. pipe (boru, pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit, channel, duct, flue, hose, passage, pipage, (v) cry, peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak. çukur 1. pit; synonyms (n) cavity, dent, hole, depression, grave, colliery, excavation, mine, stone, dig, (v) den, ditch, oppose, cave, (adj) hollow, 2. hole (delik); synonyms (n) aperture, crack, pocket, breach, break, burrow, corner, fix, lair, pit, vent, cavern, cranny, cell, (adj) gap, 3. trench; synonyms (n) channel, drain, furrow, cut, dike, groove, gutter, dugout, foxhole, sewer, deep, trough, (v) encroach, excavate, infringe. çünkü 1. for (için); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence, 2. as (gibi, Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, while, whilst, (prep) like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic. çürük rotten; synonyms (adj) bad, foul, poor, fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt, crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym (adj) fresh. çürüme decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration, collapse, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate; antonym (n) growth.

107

çürümek decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration, collapse, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate; antonym (n) growth. çürütmek 1. eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour, consume, bite, dine, munch, corrode, deplete, drink, feed, finish, gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj) digest, 2. decay; synonyms (n) decline, decomposition, ebb, corruption, disintegration, collapse, deterioration, (v) rot, decompose, blight, rust, crumble, corrupt, decrease, deteriorate; antonym (n) growth. çuval 1. bag (çanta, torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, package, briefcase, purse, sack, case, container, knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch, hook, net, 2. sack (torba); synonyms (n) sac, poke, rape, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire.

D da 1. also (de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise, moreover, more, besides, withal, again, equally, further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore, 2. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, excessively, over, overly, extremely, unduly. dadı nurse (hemşire); synonyms (n) nurture, doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise, breastfeed. dağ 1. mountain; synonyms (n) mount, heap, height, mass, peak, pile, stack, bundle, elevation, (v) mound, (adj) lead, millstone; antonym (n) dip, 2. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley. dağılım distribution (dağıtım); synonyms (n) diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment, apportionment, arrangement, dispersion, disposition, assignment, dispersal, disposal, division, (v) dissemination, dissipation; antonym (n) concentration. dağılma 1. distribution (dağıtım); synonyms (n) diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment, apportionment, arrangement, dispersion, disposition, assignment, dispersal, disposal, division, (v) dissemination, dissipation; antonym (n) concentration, 2. dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis, dismissal, annulment, death, demise, adjournment, departure, disintegration, licentiousness, resolution, 3. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

108

Turkish - English

extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated. dağınık loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged. dağıtım distribution; synonyms (n) diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment, apportionment, arrangement, dispersion, disposition, assignment, dispersal, disposal, division, (v) dissemination, dissipation; antonym (n) concentration. dağıtmak 1. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated, 2. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush. dağlamak brand; synonyms (n) badge, blade, class, kind, stain, type, emblem, falchion, make, nature, slur, (v) mark, denounce, (adj) stigma, blot. daha 1. more; synonyms (adv) also, further, besides, beyond, over, (adj) additional, better, extra, larger, exceed, greater, other, (pron) another, (prep) above; antonyms (adv) fewer, less, (adj) inferior, 2. yet (henüz); synonyms (adv) however, but, notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, though, hitherto, eventually, unless, always, if, more, (conj) nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, 3. else (başka); synonyms (adv) moreover, (n) threat, (adj) new, fresh, 4. still; synonyms (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, appease, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull, soothe, allay; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy. dahi 1. too (de); synonyms (adv) also, likewise, besides, excessively, over, overly, further, furthermore, moreover, extremely, equally, and, unduly, similarly, 2. also (da, de); synonyms (adv) too, more, withal, again, item, so, 3. genius; synonyms (n) capacity, ability, flair, faculty, brain, gift, prodigy, bent, aptitude, brilliance, (adj) endowment, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, turn; antonym (n) stupidity. dahil 1. included; synonyms (adj) numbered, confined, inclosed, integrated, (adv) under, 2. including; synonyms (prep) plus, (v) included, (conj) and, (adv) also, (adj) counting; antonyms (prep) excluding, without. dahili 1. internal (iç); synonyms (adj) interior, domestic, inner, inside, home, intimate, inward, national, inherent, intrinsic, intestine, innermost,

entrails, familiar, inland; antonyms (adj) external, foreign, 2. indoor; synonym (v) intramural; antonym (adj) outside, 3. inner (iç); synonyms (adj) internal, central, mental, middle; antonym (adj) outer. daima 1. always (hep, her zaman); synonyms (adv) forever, continuously, whenever, eternally, ever, unceasingly, consistently, constantly, continually, e'er, everlastingly, evermore, hourly, (adj) still, eternal; antonyms (adv) never, erratically, 2. forever; synonyms (adv) always, interminably, ceaselessly, permanently, (n) eternity, (adj) permanent; antonym (adv) temporarily, 3. ever; synonym (adv) perpetually. daimi 1. standing; synonyms (v) stand, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance, permanent, 2. permanent (kalıcı); synonyms (adj) durable, lasting, fixed, eternal, everlasting, fast, perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding, continual, continuing, (v) constant, continuous; antonyms (adj) fleeting, temporary, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 3. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent, certain, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable. dair about (hakkında, hemen hemen); synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely. daire 1. circle; synonyms (n) round, association, band, compass, ring, field, range, beat, circuit, company, gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl, encircle, 2. department (bölüm); synonyms (n) bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty, section, arm, branch, division, domain, line, office, part, realm, 3. circuit (çevrim, devre); synonyms (n) excursion, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, route, ambit, boundary, circumference, course, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 4. bureau (büro); synonyms (n) authority, chest, department, desk, dresser, box, 5. round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, fat, rotund, (n) bout, orbit, patrol, rung, sequence, (v) gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 6. verge (kenar); synonyms (n) brink, limit, margin, rim, bound, brim, confine, side, skirt, threshold, fringe, edging, (v) border, edge, bend, 7. ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) jingle, annulus, arena, clique, hoop, mob, (v) call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, buzz, ding, knell, surround.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English dairesel circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square. dakik exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, (v) accurate, close, demand, require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact. dakika 1. minute; synonyms (n) instant, flash, jiffy, note, memorandum, moment, second, (adj) little, delicate, microscopic, atomic, careful, circumstantial, diminutive, elaborate; antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, big, gigantic, 2. instant (an); synonyms (adj) immediate, present, exigent, prompt, clamant, crying, current, imperative, insistent, instantaneous, (n) minute, point, tick, (v) pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj) gradual, longterm. dal 1. branch (dallanmak, şube); synonyms (n) arm, jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member, division, limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot, (v) fork, diverge, divide, 2. arm (kol); synonyms (n) branch, bay, department, might, power, sleeve, weapon, endow, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide; antonym (v) disarm. dalaş scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep. dalavere trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile. dalga 1. wave; synonyms (n) billow, gesture, motion, sign, surge, (v) brandish, flap, flutter, curl, flourish, swell, swing, undulate, beat, beckon, 2. sea (deniz); synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves, (adj) marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing, army. dalgakıran mole (köstebek); synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol, spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj) mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment. dalgalanma 1. surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple, spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream, flow, gush, heave, jet, swell, soar, 2. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. dalgalanmak 1. surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple, spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream, flow, gush, heave, jet, swell, soar, 2. stream (akım); synonyms (n) brook, river, run, streak, torrent, beam, (v) crowd, pour, swarm, runnel,

109

creek, deluge, surge, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle. dalgalı rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. dalgın 1. lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing, abandoned, (adj) doomed, forlorn, extinct, hopeless, bewildered, disoriented, forgotten, helpless, broken, confused, irrecoverable, absent; antonyms (adj) present, found, existing, 2. absent (yok); synonyms (adj) off, wanting, inattentive, absentminded, abstracted, faraway, lost, nonexistent, out, preoccupied, (adv) away, 3. vacant (boş); synonyms (adj) empty, blank, hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled, unoccupied, void, expressionless, deserted, open, vacuous, inane; antonyms (adj) full, occupied. dalgınlık absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want, nonattendance, paucity, scarcity, shortage; antonyms (n) presence, attendance. dallanmak branch (dal, şube); synonyms (n) arm, jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member, division, limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot, (v) fork, diverge, divide. dam 1. roof; synonyms (n) crown, ceiling, housing, dome, shelter, back, house, (v) top, cover, 2. queen (kraliçe); synonyms (n) empress, king, lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler. damalı checked; synonyms (adj) checkered, chequered, plaid, backward, curbed, intermittent, limited, numbered, pent-up, safe, silent, tartan, temperate. damar 1. vein; synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine, temper, stripe, tone, cast, style, fund, funicle, (adj) humor, mood, strip, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) audacity, cheek, impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring, face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice, 3. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, container, craft, duct, jar, vas, bowl, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, bottle. damga 1. stamp (posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. seal; synonyms (n) stamp, hallmark, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, cement, fasten, settle, (adj) conclude, fix; antonyms (v) open, unseal, 3. mark; synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed, sign, feature, badge, check, indication, (v) blemish, distinguish, grade, label, differentiate, (adj) notice,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

110

Turkish - English

4. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, nature, part, quality, role, type, constitution, description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, 5. impress; synonyms (v) affect, move, inscribe, instill, touch, emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, amaze, dazzle, engrave, (n) press, characteristic, impressment, 6. marker; synonyms (n) token, pointer, signpost, tag, buoy, pen, ticket. damgalamak 1. seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal, 2. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, brand, emblem, die, earmark, form, (v) print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, emboss, 3. brand; synonyms (n) badge, blade, class, kind, stain, type, falchion, make, nature, slur, sort, sword, (v) denounce, (adj) stigma, blot. damla drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth. damlamak drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth. dana calf; synonyms (n) calfskin, sura, colt, foal, kitten, pup, shorthorn, kid, cow, doodle, dullard, foetus, loon, lout, lown. danışma 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon); synonyms (n) advice, communication, data, evidence, note, enlightenment, report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info, instruction, intelligence, material, warning, 2. counsel (avukat, öğüt, öğüt vermek); synonyms (n) caution, advocate, advisement, admonition, attorney, consultation, counselor, exhortation, guidance, recommendation, (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, 3. consultation; synonyms (n) conference, interview, negotiation, discussion, talk, audience, council, deliberation, meeting, reference, appointment. danışmak consult; synonyms (v) confer, consider, negotiate, advise, deliberate, refer, discuss, reason, canvass, confab, confabulate, (n) talk. danışman 1. adviser; synonyms (n) advisor, consultant, counselor, counsel, guide, prompter, teacher, agent, assistant, confidante, dealer, dictator, herald, informer, instructor, 2. supervisor (denetçi); synonyms (n) superintendent, director, overseer, boss, chief, manager, foreman, administrator, controller, examiner, executive, head, inspector, superior, keeper. dans dance (dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance.

dantel lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind, rope, tie, knot, tat, knit, (adj) string. dantela lace; synonyms (n) edging, lacing, net, galloon, (v) braid, enlace, entwine, interlace, bind, rope, tie, knot, tat, knit, (adj) string. dar 1. narrow; synonyms (adj) close, limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge, dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend, 2. acute; synonyms (adj) sharp, incisive, intense, keen, penetrating, critical, piercing, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acrid, acuate, (v) high; antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse, 3. restricted; synonyms (v) qualified, (adj) narrow, constrained, exclusive, local, controlled, finite, prohibited, classified, secret, bounded, circumscribed, private, reserved, tight; antonyms (adj) unrestricted, farreaching, free, liberated, unimpeded, unlimited, open. daralmak narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close, limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge, dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend. Daralt collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst. daraltmak 1. narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close, limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge, dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend, 2. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst, 3. contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, agree, agreement, arrangement, (v) covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, wrinkle, abbreviate, (adj) shorten; antonyms (v) expand, stretch. darbe 1. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, impact, line, streak, cut, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, move, pat, smite, 3. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. knock; synonyms (v) cuff, punch, boot, clip, condemn, criticize, knap, smack, (n) rap, tap, crash, whack, clap, clout, criticism; antonym (v) praise, 5. blow (üflemek); synonyms (n) blast, shock, wallop, gust, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, slap, squander,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English stroke, waft, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save, 6. shock (şok); synonyms (n) daze, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle, appall, clash, disgust, dismay, frighten, horrify; antonym (v) comfort. darülaceze hospital (hastane); synonyms (n) infirmary, home, institution, sanitarium, sickroom, spital, inn, sickbay, (adj) hospitable. Data data (veri); synonyms (n) information, facts, details, evidence, fact, figures, file, material, postulate, proof. dava 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, (v) achievement; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 3. cause (neden); synonyms (n) action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, excuse, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 4. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, petition, (v) agree, fit, correspond, accommodate, adapt, answer, become, match, meet, please, adjust, satisfy, 5. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test, examination, experiment, affliction, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, (adj) experimental. davacı plaintiff; synonyms (n) complainant, accuser, prosecutor, pursuer, applicant, inquirer, party, querent, appellant, defendant, pretender, (adj) plaintive. davalı defendant; synonyms (n) accused, litigant, party, plaintiff, prisoner, suspect, defender, perpetrator, (adj) defensive. davet 1. invitation; synonyms (n) call, bidding, temptation, lure, supplication, attraction, bid, request, entreaty, importunity, (v) invite, solicitation, 2. call (bağırmak, çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, dub, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 3. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company, assembly, association, crew, gathering, group, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction, meeting, 4. summons; synonyms (n) citation, invitation, process, writ, invocation, warrant, vocation, act, charge, indictment, requisition. davetli guest (konuk, misafir); synonyms (n) stranger, caller, alien, customer, visitor, foreigner, client, visitant. davranış 1. attitude (tavır, tutum); synonyms (n) position, aspect, posture, behavior, mind, notion, air, approach, bearing, disposition, mentality, mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. conduct;

111

synonyms (n) administration, manage, demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer, carriage, acquit, carry, comport, show, accompany, 3. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, play, case, lawsuit, measure, (v) achievement, combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 4. behaviour; synonyms (n) conduct, demeanour, deportment, doings, 5. treatment (tedavi); synonyms (n) cure, handling, management, manipulation, therapy, medication, remedy, reception, attention, medicine, method, usage, use, discourse, (v) treat, 6. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) action, move, statute, decree, do, feat, law, (v) behave, go, perform, enact, feign, operate, pretend, work; antonym (v) refrain, 7. bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) appearance, attitude, direction, manner, respect, aim, comportment, mien, pose, presence, regard, run, way, tack, walk.

davranmak 1. act (hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 2. behave; synonyms (v) act, conduct, bear, deal, deport, operate, walk, carry, comport, demean, function, react, run, work, (n) exercise; antonym (v) misbehave, 3. treat; synonyms (v) handle, manage, process, heal, nurse, regale, doctor, dress, (n) feast, administer, delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet, entertainment, 4. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, administration, demeanor, lead, performance, behaviour, (v) bring, direct, carriage, bearing, show, accompany, channel, command, convey. davul drum; synonyms (n) barrel, cask, tympan, vat, drumfish, (v) beat, roll, bang, knock, pound, ram, thrum, thump, bone, cram. dayak 1. hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering, concealing, concealment, beating, thrashing, rout, ambush, coverture, abscondence, covert, defeat, defense, hitting, (adj) cowardly; antonym (n) victory, 2. beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat, whipping, battery, battering, debacle, drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse, throbbing, thumping, whacking, (adj) pulsing.

dayanak 1. support (destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 2. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

112

Turkish - English

dayanıklı 1. hardy; synonyms (adj) courageous, sturdy, audacious, brave, fearless, hard, manly, strong, gallant, robust, stout, forcible, (n) bold, daring, rugged; antonym (adj) weak, 2. tough; synonyms (adj) difficult, tenacious, arduous, firm, hardy, laborious, severe, rough, bad, durable, leathery, (n) bully, rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan; antonyms (adj) tender, easy, flimsy, soft, feeble, lightweight, simple, 3. substantial (önemli); synonyms (adj) actual, solid, real, considerable, important, palpable, significant, essential, momentous, sound, concrete, ample, big, corporeal, grave; antonyms (adj) insignificant, insubstantial, small, ethereal, fine, worthless, 4. firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant, stable, close, compact, determined, fixed, resolute, steadfast, steady, decisive, dense, fast, rigid, (v) faithful; antonyms (adj) irresolute, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 5. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, agile, debauched, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, express, (adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 6. substantive; synonyms (adj) meaty, material, crucial, hearty, indispensable, satisfying, (n) noun, substantial, name, reality, (v) substantivize, 7. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) consistent, good, massive, secure, heavy, potent, reliable, thick, whole, certain, full, convincing, muscular, sober, deep; antonyms (adj) unreliable, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery. dayanıklılık 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh, 2. strength (güç, kuvvet); synonyms (n) force, power, energy, firmness, intensity, vigor, endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness, amount, brawn, (v) might, capacity; antonyms (n) weakness, frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 3. resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny, inhibition; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility. dayanılmaz intolerable; synonyms (adj) insufferable, insupportable, unbearable, painful, obnoxious, deplorable, detestable, inexcusable; antonyms (adj) bearable, tolerable. dayanışma solidarity; synonyms (n) community, fellowship, cooperation, sodality, unity, body, friendship, coherence, amity, collaboration, companionship, company, comradeship, (adj) solidity. dayanma 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment;

antonym (v) refresh, 2. resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility, 3. tolerance (hoşgörü); synonyms (n) allowance, indulgence, leniency, patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness, consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance, mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry, chauvinism, extremism, 4. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. dayanmak 1. last (geçen, son, sürmek); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 2. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, pause, arrest, bide, support, linger, (n) delay, halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 3. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey, digest, 4. consist; synonyms (v) be, belong, lie, comprise, fit, (n) agree, 5. lean; synonyms (adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin, bony, lank, lanky, (v) incline, bend, list, slant, bow, careen, pitch, (n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat, plump, 6. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, quiet, respite, (v) nap, sleep, ease, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 7.

support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost, confirm, corroborate; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 8. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, maw, paunch, relish, taste, hunger, palate, (v) suffer, tolerate, go, (adj) swallow, eat, 9. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, get, adopt, catch, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, acquire, appropriate, bring, capture, (n) seize, (phr) receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose, 10. resist; synonyms (v) repel, rebel, defy, revolt, balk, combat, disobey, impede, protest, withstand, rebuff, demur, baulk, challenge, (n) confront; antonyms (v) surrender, yield, assent,

11. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stall, undergo, erect, last, persist, place, resist, rise, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position, stay; antonym (v) sit.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English dayatmak insist; synonyms (v) affirm, assert, contend, claim, asseverate, declare, maintain, urge, importune, press, argue, force, dwell, hold, persist. dazlak bald; synonyms (adj) bare, hairless, simple, austere, meager, threadbare, raw, barefaced, dry, forthright, mere, naked, nude, plain, stark; antonym (adj) hairy. de 1. also (da); synonyms (adv) too, likewise, moreover, more, besides, withal, again, equally, further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore, 2. too (dahi); synonyms (adv) also, excessively, over, overly, extremely, unduly. debdebe state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private. dede grandfather; synonyms (n) gramps, grandad, granddad, grandpa, grandpapa, grandsire, granddaddy, patriarch. dedektif detective; synonyms (n) investigator, scout, tec, officer, spy, policeman, snoop, runner, watchman, analyst, beagle, bull, (v) informer, delator, eavesdropper. dedikodu 1. gossip; synonyms (n) rumor, chitchat, gab, chatterbox, conversation, babble, comment, talk, blabbermouth, (v) chat, chatter, natter, tattle, blab, chaffer; antonym (n) fact, 2. tale; synonyms (n) story, account, narrative, fable, fib, narration, recital, report, fiction, history, legend, lie, relation, yarn, gossip, 3. scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor, outrage, discredit, infamy, disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy, opprobrium, shame, obloquy, hearsay, disparagement; antonym (n) honor, 4. rumour; synonym (v) bruit. defetmek remove (kaldırmak); synonyms (v) oust, take, pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete, erase, evacuate, extract, abolish, get, (adj) clear; antonyms (v) insert, install, place. defin 1. burial; synonyms (n) interment, entombment, sepulture, burying, funeral, inhumation, 2. funeral; synonyms (n) burial, pyre, wake, committal, (adj) funebrial. defne bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. defter 1. notebook; synonyms (n) book, laptop, pad, album, computer, file, machine, mainframe, processor, supercomputer, workstation, block, notepaper, 2. book (kitap); synonyms (n) bible, journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript, (v) order, reserve, apply, inscribe, list, record, arrest. değer 1. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert, virtue, goodness, quality, significance, value,

113

dignity, distinction, due, (v) deserve, earn, rate, (adj) excellence, 2. value; synonyms (n) merit, cost, appraise, importance, consequence, (v) price, appreciate, assess, esteem, evaluate, cherish, estimate, measure, prize, rank; antonyms (n) disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance, 3. worth; synonyms (n) benefit, import, good, substance, fortune, profit, use, wealth, worthiness, advantage, meaning, property, superiority, (adj) honor; antonym (n) worthlessness, 4. account (hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale, description, explanation, history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v) report, 5. valuation; synonyms (n) estimation, appraisal, evaluation, appraisement, assessment, appreciation, rating, measurement, admeasurement, mensuration, survey, 6. price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, expenditure, quotation, quote, reward, terms, (v) amount, doom. değerleme valuation; synonyms (n) estimation, appraisal, evaluation, estimate, appraisement, assessment, appreciation, rating, measurement, prize, value, worth, admeasurement, mensuration, (v) price. değerlendirme evaluation; synonyms (n) appraisal, assessment, estimation, judgment, mark, rating, review, estimate, examination, opinion, valuation, analysis, choice, score. değerlendirmek evaluate; synonyms (v) appraise, assess, calculate, gauge, estimate, value, grade, measure, rank, reckon, review, weigh, assay, esteem, regard. değerlenmek appreciate; synonyms (v) esteem, prize, treasure, value, appraise, fathom, acknowledge, admire, apprize, cherish, comprehend, enjoy, estimate, grasp, (adj) understand; antonyms (v) depreciate, scorn. değerli 1. valuable; synonyms (adj) costly, estimable, precious, beneficial, expensive, helpful, useful, worthy, admirable, important, dear, invaluable, priceless, profitable, rich; antonyms (adj) worthless, useless, 2. costly; synonyms (adj) valuable, extravagant, high, luxurious, pricey, sumptuous, beloved, plush, pricy, splendid; antonym (adj) cheap, 3. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) close, lovely, near, adorable, affectionate, cherished, familiar, intimate, loved, pet, favorite, (n) darling, love, honey, sweetheart, 4. precious; synonyms (adj) golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite, cute, noble, good, goodly, sweet, valued, delicate, gorgeous, opulent, (adv) extremely, preciously. değersiz cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

114

Turkish - English

değil 1. not; synonyms (adv) no, nay, nor, nowise, never, (adj) shaven, shorn, 2. no (hayır); synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adj) zero, naught, none, non,

nul. değinmek refer (bakmak, başvurmak); synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit, deliver,

commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke, adduce, ascribe, attribute, consign. değirmen mill; synonyms (n) grind, factory, grinder, manufactory, machine, plant, engine, gin, notch, shop, implement, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj) cent. değirmenci miller; synonym (n) muller. değişik 1. different (başka); synonyms (adj) another, assorted, dissimilar, unusual, various, alien, alternative, discrete, distinct, diverse, foreign, fresh, miscellaneous, new, opposite; antonyms (adj) similar, corresponding, equal, identical, like, typical, 2. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, different, diversified, sundry, heterogeneous, manifold, motley, many, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform. değişiklik 1. change (değiştirmek); synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 2. modification; synonyms (n) change, adaptation, adjustment, limitation, deviation, qualification, accommodation, amendment, conversion, limiting, mutation, revision, correction, evolution, improvement, 3. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, spell, device, resource, expedient, movement, (v) remove, quibble, budge, displace, transfer, fluctuate, reposition, shuffle, slip, 4. variety (varyete); synonyms (n) kind, sort, species, form, style, type, breed, diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, range, strain, (adj) class, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity, 5. alteration; synonyms (n) changeover, metamorphosis, transformation, commutation, upheaval, departure, innovation, vicissitude, 6. amendment; synonyms (n) betterment, redress, mend, rectification, reform, 7. variance; synonyms (n) disagreement, discrepancy, dissension, division, discord, divergence, misunderstanding, dissimilarity, dissonance, conflict, dispute, variability, contrast, contention, dissent.

değişim 1. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 2. variation; synonyms (n) change, difference, divergence, mutation, variance, deviation, discrepancy, departure, fluctuation, disagreement,

dissimilarity, permutation, contrast, distinction, innovation; antonym (n) similarity. değişken 1. variable; synonyms (adj) unstable, changeable, fickle, inconstant, capricious, erratic, fitful, mutable, uncertain, unsettled, unsteady, fluctuating, inconsistent, shifting, variant; antonyms (adj) constant, fixed, invariable, regular, set, smooth, 2. mobile; synonyms (adj) fluid, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, spirited, variable, versatile, vivacious, (v) movable; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless. değişme 1. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 2. conversion (çevirme, dönüştürme); synonyms (n) alteration, changeover, adaptation, transformation, adjustment, amendment, modification, passage, shift, transition, version, (adj) salvation, adoption, beatification, 3. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) barter, variation, alternation, commutation, development, (v) adapt, alternate, cash, transpose, twist, affect, adjust, amend, commute, correct; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 4. variation; synonyms (n) difference, divergence, mutation, variance, deviation, discrepancy, departure, fluctuation, disagreement, dissimilarity, permutation, contrast, distinction, innovation, variant; antonym (n) similarity.

değişmek 1. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) shift, alteration, barter, modification, variation, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 2. alter (değiştirmek); synonyms (v) change, adjust, affect, amend, castrate, correct, transform, vary, distort, diversify, edit, emasculate, fluctuate, invert, neuter, 3. vary; synonyms (v) differ, modify, deviate, diverge, modulate, depart, disagree, variegate, contrast, dissent, range, interchange, digress, go, motley, 4. shift; synonyms (n) conversion, spell, device, resource, expedient, movement, evasion, (v) remove, quibble, budge, displace, transfer, reposition, shuffle, slip, 5. convert (dönüştürmek); synonyms (v) reform, commute, become, replace, reverse, shape, substitute, swap, trade, translate, convince, (n) proselyte, neophyte, novice, (adj) believer. değişmez 1. fixed (sabit); synonyms (adj) determined, definite, steady, constant, durable, certain, decided, determinate, established, fast, fastened, intent, permanent, (v) stable, (adv) firm; antonyms (adj) flexible, adaptable, adjustable, changeable, movable, separate, variable, compliant, loose, moveable, portable, removable, temporary,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English 2. constant (sabit); synonyms (adj) ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, continual, abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal, faithful, frequent, loyal, resolute, steadfast, (n) invariable; antonyms (adj) intermittent, irregular, sporadic, episodic, erratic, inconstant, disloyal, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, unreliable, 3. permanent (kalıcı); synonyms (adj) lasting, fixed, everlasting, perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible, continuing, immortal, standing, stationary, unchangeable, undying, ineffaceable, (n) perm; antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 4. rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, hard, inflexible, stiff, austere, set, strict, exacting, formal, rigorous, severe, stern, tense, tight, tough; antonyms (adj) elastic, soft, 5. steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, cool, sedate, settled, smooth, solid, staid, composed, staunch, dependable, (v) calm, regular, brace, quiet; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, 6. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) liquid, 7. settled; synonyms (adj) defined, formed, confirmed, finished, done, peaceful, assured, sober, stated, colonized, occupied, ordinary, over, serious; antonym (adj) uninhabited, 8. stable; synonyms (adj) reliable, persistent, sound, immovable, immobile, responsible, equable, safe, static, stout, uniform, tranquil, still, strong, (v) stall; antonyms (adj) unstable, dangerous, precarious, rickety, volatile. değişmezlik stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise, equilibrium, solidity, balance, stableness, strength, endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance, steadiness; antonym (n) instability.

değiştirme 1. conversion (çevirme, dönüştürme); synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover, adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition, version, (adj) salvation, 2. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, spell, device, resource, (v) remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, fluctuate, 3. alteration; synonyms (n) revision, deviation, metamorphosis, variation, movement, commutation, upheaval, correction, departure, difference, evolution, innovation, mutation, vicissitude, accommodation, 4. modification (değişiklik); synonyms (n) limitation, qualification, limiting, improvement, permutation, qualifying, variety, derivative, 5. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) barter, alternation, development, flux, (v) adapt, alternate, cash, transpose, twist, affect, adjust, amend,

115

commute, correct, invert; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 6. exchange (santral); synonyms (n) swap, commerce, substitute, trade, central, replacement, bazaar, give-and-take, business, (v) counterchange, market, sell, traffic, truck, bandy, 7. replacement; synonyms (n) deputy, renewal, substitution, surrogate, reinstatement, rehabilitation, relief, return, successor, backup, alternative, restoration, replacing, (v) makeshift, ersatz. değiştirmek 1. alter; synonyms (v) adapt, change, move, adjust, affect, amend, castrate, convert, correct, shift, transform, turn, vary, alternate, distort; antonym (v) maintain, 2. modify; synonyms (v) alter, qualify, limit, assuage, moderate, restrict, commute, fit, revise, soften, temper, mitigate, condition, differentiate, exchange, 3. change (değişiklik); synonyms (n) alteration, barter, modification, variation, adjustment, alternation, amendment, commutation, conversion, development, difference, (v) cash, switch, transpose, twist; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, 4. convert (dönüştürmek); synonyms (v) reform, invert, modify, become, replace, reverse, shape, substitute, swap, trade, transfer, translate, (n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 5. vary; synonyms (v) differ, deviate, diverge, diversify, modulate, depart, disagree, fluctuate, variegate, contrast, dissent, range, interchange, digress, go, 6. shift; synonyms (n) spell, device, resource, expedient, movement, evasion, changeover, makeshift, (v) remove, quibble, budge, displace, reposition, shuffle, slip, 7. switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, substitution, rod, break, stick, switching, (v) flip, swop, jump, lash, birch, 8. replace; synonyms (v) supersede, supplant, reinstate, restore, deputize, renew, return, succeed, deputise, follow, place, put, refund, repay, reestablish. değme 1. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 2. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, interest. değmek touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle. değnek 1. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, post, employees, faculty,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

116

Turkish - English

personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court, scepter, (v) crutch, prop, stick. deha genius; synonyms (n) capacity, ability, flair, faculty, brain, gift, prodigy, bent, aptitude, brilliance, (adj) endowment, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, turn; antonym (n) stupidity. dehliz 1. corridor (koridor); synonyms (n) aisle, hall, lobby, hallway, lane, vestibule, artery, alley, alleyway, path, portico, way, (v) passage, 2. gallery (galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift, veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah, auditorium, auditory, boxes. dehşet 1. horror; synonyms (n) awe, abomination, abhorrence, dismay, fear, alarm, fright, repulsion, revulsion, anxiety, apprehension, atrocity, aversion, (adj) dread, terror; antonym (n) pleasantness, 2. terror; synonyms (n) scare, consternation, horror, panic, scourge, trepidation, brat, shock, awfulness, phobia, dreadfulness, 3. alarm (alarm); synonyms (n) alert, affright, unrest, warning, alarum, concern, disquiet, signal, (v) agitate, horrify, startle, appall, disturb, frighten, perturb; antonyms (v) calm, comfort, 4. fear (korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) doubt, anguish, care, foreboding, worry, fearfulness, intimidation, trouble, diffidence, funk, misgiving, respect, (v) reverence, apprehend, revere; antonyms (n) bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance. dehşetli fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly, dreadful, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven, terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed. dekan dean; synonyms (n) doyen, elder, principal, senior, clergyman, father, leader, administrator, archbishop, bishop, diocesan, eminence, metropolitan, minister, pilot. deklarasyon 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement, statement, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct, order. dekor 1. scenery; synonyms (n) scene, prospect, landscape, panorama, outlook, nature, perspective, picture, set, vista, lookout, view, 2. scene; synonyms (n) aspect, background, display, environment, spectacle, act, appearance, look, position, arena, incident, location, scenery, setting, show. dekorasyon decoration; synonyms (n) adornment, award, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation, trimming,

accessory, badge, accolade, distinction, embroidery. dekoratif decorative; synonyms (adj) ornamental, fancy, ornate, artistic, cosmetic, embellishing, enhancing, diagrammatic, drawn, elaborate, floral, florid, graceful, illustrative, pictorial; antonym (adj) plain. delegasyon delegation; synonyms (n) commission, delegacy, deputation, delegating, devolution, mission, organization, group. delgi 1. punch; synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust, 2. drill (matkap); synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, (v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate, instruct, pierce, tap, train. deli 1. crazy; synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap, wild, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, demented, eccentric, foolish, ludicrous, preposterous, silly, wacky; antonyms (adj) sane, sensible, 2. mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied, insane, delirious, angry, crazy, distracted, frenetic, lunatic, irate, maniac, distraught, cross, (n) furious, anger; antonym (adj) calm, 3. daft; synonyms (adj) bonkers, nutty, balmy, inane, barmy, batty, dotty, haywire, idiotic, insensate, kookie, kooky, loco, loony, nuts, 4. nuts; synonyms (adj) crackers, daft, loopy, infatuated. delik 1. hole; synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack, den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave, corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap, 2. bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill, perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber, diameter, nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother; antonyms (v) interest, excite, fascinate, 3. slot; synonyms (n) groove, place, notch, opening, position, cut, split, section, class, nick, partition, spot, track, (v) slit, rank, 4. outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, egress, exit, store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, emission, escape, release, vent, grip, 5. opening; synonyms (n) mouth, beginning, cleft, commencement, door, entrance, occasion, chasm, onset, chance, crevice, entry, fissure, (adj) preliminary, first; antonyms (n) end, closing, finale, (adj) final, 6. port (liman); synonyms (n) harbor, haven, asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock, embrasure, gate, harbour, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard. delikanlı 1. youngster (çocuk); synonyms (n) boy, lad, child, juvenile, kid, urchin, toddler, adolescent, youth, baby, nipper, shaver, teen, teenager, girl; antonym (n) adult, 2. youth (genç, gençlik); synonyms (n) young, youngster, adolescence, juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, puppy, infancy, childhood, guy, prime, youthfulness, fellow; antonyms (n) adulthood, ripeness, 3. boy (oğlan); synonyms (n) male, man, minor, servant,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English son, boots, 4. lad; synonyms (n) blighter, chap, cub, cuss, fella, laddie, schoolboy, companion, gent. deliksiz sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. delil 1. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2. proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) probation, authentication, evidence, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment, pull, reason, support, test, 3. argument (tartışma); synonyms (n) controversy, debate, matter, hassle, altercation, arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference, disagreement, discussion, fight, justification, quarrel; antonyms (n) agreement, harmony, 4. witness; synonyms (n) spectator, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer, testifier, beholder, testify, attestant, viewer, (v) observe, notice, see, view, watch; antonym (n) participant. delilik madness; synonyms (n) frenzy, furor, insanity, lunacy, delirium, folly, idiocy, insaneness, aberration, anger, craziness, (adj) fury, rage, desperation, furore; antonyms (n) sanity, sense. delme boring (sıkıcı); synonyms (adj) dull, tedious, tiresome, annoying, arid, bland, dreary, monotonous, prosaic, tame, uninteresting, wearisome, vapid, drab, (n) drilling; antonyms (adj) exciting, fascinating, interesting, gripping, original, thrilling, varied. delmek 1. bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill, perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber, diameter, nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother; antonyms (v) interest, excite, fascinate, 2. drill (matkap); synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, preparation, (v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate, instruct, train, habituate, 3. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. demeç 1. declaration; synonyms (n) announcement, affirmation, assertion, allegation, avowal, claim, expression, pronouncement, statement, enunciation, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum; antonym (n) denial, 2. statement; synonyms (n) account, declaration, communication, instruction, command, description, proposition, profession, argument, bill, remark, word, bulletin, explanation, record, 3. speech (konuşma, söylev); synonyms (n) address, delivery, lecture, conversation, discourse,

117

language, sermon, diction, discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, harangue, (v) say, saying. demek 1. say (söylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare, voice, 2. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct, summon, 3. tell (anlatmak, söylemek); synonyms (v) relate, divulge, impart, recount, reveal, explain, announce, communicate, describe, distinguish, enumerate, inform, notify, (n) disclose, count; antonym (v) request, 4. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 5. call (bağırmak, çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, howl, address, baptize, cite, dub, entitle, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, demand; antonym (v) dismiss. demet 1. cluster (küme); synonyms (n) bunch, clump, batch, group, agglomeration, collection, crowd, gang, knot, lot, tuft, (v) bundle, huddle, collect, gather; antonym (v) disperse, 2. bunch (grup, salkım); synonyms (n) cluster, band, troop, horde, bulge, herd, accumulation, crew, knob, mass, set, throng, assortment, (v) pack, heap. demir iron; synonyms (n) chain, irons, chains, (v) firm, flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard, adamant, inflexible, steel, tenacious. demirci smith; synonyms (n) metalworker, architect, artificer, artist, bricklayer, builder, maker, manufacturer, mason, craftsman. demiryolu 1. railway; synonyms (n) railroad, line, tramway, 2. rail; synonyms (n) bar, balustrade, handrail, railing, fence, banister, track, path, pale, paling, bolt, barrier, (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate. demlemek steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual. demokrasi democracy; synonyms (n) commonwealth, commonalty, nation, capitalism, country, democraty, freedom, oligarchy, republic, state, egalitarianism, emancipation, equalitarianism, equality, justice; antonyms (n) despotism, dictatorship, totalitarianism, autocracy, tyranny. demokrat democrat; synonyms (n) commoner, plebeian, proletaire, proletary, republican, roturier, democratist, populist. demokratik democratic; synonyms (adj) egalitarian, classless, equal, broadminded, constitutional, democratical, free, humane, informal, permissive, popular, tolerant, autonomous, bourgeois,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

118

Turkish - English

communal; antonyms (adj) authoritarian, despotic, tyrannical. denek subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. deneme 1. trial; synonyms (n) test, examination, experiment, affliction, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, (adj) experimental, 2. essay; synonyms (n) dissertation, article, disquisition, composition, tentative, paper, struggle, taste, trial, (v) try, assay, offer, prove, seek, strive, 3. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) attack, assault, adventure, bid, exertion, go, shot, stab, fling, (v) aim, chance, undertake, tempt, venture, begin, 4. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) measure, criterion, inspection, gauge, exam, experience, experimentation, (v) examine, quiz, sample, check, analyze, probe, proof, verify, 5. proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument, authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation, validation, verification, indication, establishment, pull, reason, support, 6. try; synonyms (v) judge, strain, adjudicate, hear, render, afflict, demonstrate, exercise, hazard, risk, search, explore, dare, (n) crack, endeavour, 7. crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, cleave, rift; antonyms (v) repair, mend, 8. probation; synonyms (n) discharge, freedom, (adj) apodeixis, apodixis, 9. tentative (geçici); synonyms (adj) doubtful, provisional, probationary, exploratory, shy, cautious, conditional, hesitant, indecisive, indefinite, provisionary, undecided; antonyms (adj) definite, sure, 10. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, ball, shoot, picture, bullet, guess, jab, missile, nip, photograph, projectile, knock, inoculation, (adj) iridescent. denemek 1. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake, 2. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) audition, experiment, examination, measure, criterion, inspection, (v) examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, analyze, attempt, probe, (adj) experimental, 3. try; synonyms (v) test, strive, judge, strain, seek, taste, adjudicate, hear, render, afflict, demonstrate, (n) shot, go, crack, endeavour, 4. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune, opportunity, probability, venture, accident, break, contingency, fate, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, risk, bet, befall, happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 5. essay (deneme); synonyms (n) dissertation, article, disquisition, composition, tentative, paper, discourse, review, critique, exertion, study, thesis,

tract, treatise, writing, 6. experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, sustain, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience. denetçi 1. supervisor; synonyms (n) superintendent, director, overseer, boss, chief, manager, foreman, administrator, controller, examiner, executive, head, inspector, superior, keeper, 2. inspector; synonyms (n) supervisor, auditor, investigator, assessor, reviewer, surveyor, visitor, husband, (v) inquirer, inquisitor.

denetim 1. control (denetlemek, kontrol); synonyms (n) rule, authority, care, hold, influence, sway, ascendancy, ascendency, (v) command, check, curb, bridle, conduct, handle, conquer; antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share, 2. check (çek, denetlemek); synonyms (v) stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill, cheque, stay, 3. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n) examination, review, surveillance, exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study, survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight, supervision, (v) inspect, 4. audit (denetlemek); synonyms (v) balance, examine, prove, scrutinize. denetleme 1. inspection; synonyms (n) examination, check, review, surveillance, exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study, survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight, (v) inspect, 2. supervision (gözetim); synonyms (n) charge, control, direction, management, superintendence, guidance, custody, care, administration, command, government, supervising, watch, running, (v) inspection.

denetlemek 1. control (denetim, kontrol); synonyms (n) rule, authority, care, hold, influence, sway, ascendancy, ascendency, (v) command, check, curb, bridle, conduct, handle, conquer; antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share, 2. check (çek, denetim); synonyms (v) stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill, cheque, stay, 3. audit; synonyms (n) survey, examination, review, scrutiny, (v) balance, inspect, examine, prove, scrutinize, 4. inspect; synonyms (v) overhaul, overlook, explore, inquire, look, view, watch, monitor, analyze, audit, consider, investigate, observe, regulate, search. denetleyici 1. supervisor (denetçi); synonyms (n) superintendent, director, overseer, boss, chief, manager, foreman, administrator, controller, examiner, executive, head, inspector, superior, keeper, 2. controller; synonyms (n) accountant, comptroller, control, governor, regulator, ruler, leader, supervisor.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English denetmen superintendent; synonyms (n) custodian, inspector, manager, overseer, supervisor, administrator, keeper, chief, boss, caretaker, director, guardian, super, (adj) curator, governor. deney 1. experiment; synonyms (n) test, attempt, essay, trial, tentative, try, examination, taste, experience, experimentation, (v) examine, venture, check, 2. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) audition, experiment, measure, criterion, inspection, gauge, (v) assay, prove, quiz, sample, analyze, probe, proof, verify, (adj) experimental. deneyim experience (tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience. deneyimli 1. experienced; synonyms (adj) accomplished, capable, educated, competent, expert, knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient, skillful, sophisticated, trained, able, conversant, informed; antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive, immature, 2. wise (akıllı, bilge); synonyms (adj) judicious, reasonable, sensible, intelligent, knowing, prudent, rational, sagacious, sound, discreet, shrewd, sane, discerning, thoughtful, (n) method; antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise, stupid. deneyimsiz 1. inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature, naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant, new, unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy, strange, amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green; antonyms (adj) experienced, trained, skilled, sophisticated, 2. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, bleak, coarse, cutting, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked, keen, bitter; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked. deneysel 1. experimental; synonyms (adj) empirical, tentative, scientific, observational, pilot, test, trial, 2. empirical; synonyms (adj) empiric, experimental, observed, pragmatic, charlatanical, practical, experient, factual, pretentious, provisional, quackish, speculative, transcendental, (v) probationary; antonym (adj) theoretical. denge 1. equilibrium; synonyms (n) balance, counterpoise, equipoise, poise, counterbalance, symmetry, steadiness, counterweight, equality, par; antonym (n) disequilibrium, 2. balance (dengelemek); synonyms (n) excess, remainder, account, complement, credit, parity, proportion, (v) adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit, level, match; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 3. stability; synonyms (n) constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, equilibrium, solidity, stableness, strength, endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance, responsibility; antonym (n) instability. dengelemek 1. balance (denge); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v)

119

counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 2. compensate; synonyms (v) balance, pay, recompense, reimburse, recoup, remunerate, repay, reward, cover, correct, expiate, indemnify, redeem, redress, satisfy. dengeli 1. balanced; synonyms (adj) equal, even, firm, regular, stable, steady, harmonious, impartial, steadfast, symmetrical, uniform, fast, fixed, secure, unprejudiced; antonyms (adj) biased, unbalanced, unfair, 2. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, category, class, (adj) horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise. dengesiz unstable; synonyms (adj) changeable, precarious, insecure, shaky, unsettled, unsound, erratic, fickle, fluid, inconstant, unpredictable, irresolute, unreliable, capricious, changeful; antonyms (adj) stable, steady, constant. dengesizlik instability; synonyms (n) fickleness, fluctuation, flightiness, unreliability, flux, changeability, inconstancy, unbalance, unrest, unstableness, vacillation, volatility, disorder, imbalance, (adj) fugacity; antonyms (n) stability, calm. deniz 1. sea; synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves, (adj) marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing, army, 2. marine; synonyms (adj) saltwater, sea, aquatic, (n) navy, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, leatherneck, 3. maritime; synonym (v) seafaring, 4. drink (içmek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. denizaltı submarine; synonyms (n) pigboat, sub, bomber, champion, chock, crampfish, cuneus, fighter, grinder, (adj) subaqueous, undersea, underwater, subterranean, subterrene, deep. denizcilik 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance, sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight, aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing, sailplaning, soaring, 2. marine; synonyms (adj) maritime, nautical, saltwater, sea, aquatic, (n) navy, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, leatherneck. denk 1. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. equivalent (eşdeğer); synonyms (adj) comparable, alike, analogous, even, corresponding, identical, like, matching, same, equipollent, commensurate, akin, (n) counterpart, match, (v) consideration; antonyms (adj) unlike, (n) different, dissimilar, 3. equal (eşit); synonyms (adj) adequate, balanced, equivalent, coordinate, fair, uniform, (v) compare, rival, equalize, equate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

120

Turkish - English

represent, touch, (n) compeer, peer, associate; antonyms (adj) unequal, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, (v) differ. denklem equation; synonyms (n) equalization, formula, compensation, equality, equating, proportion, ratio, equivalence. departman department (bölüm); synonyms (n) bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty, section, arm, branch, division, domain, field, line, office, part.

depo 1. store (ambar, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. depot; synonyms (n) store, depository, arsenal, station, storehouse, warehouse, dump, entrepot, stockroom, stop, storage, storeroom, terminal, terminus, 3. reservoir; synonyms (n) cistern, fountain, well, lake, supply, tank, 4. tank; synonyms (n) reservoir, container, cooler, belly, boiler, fermentor, jail, stomach, tankful, thickener, tub, cabinet, (v) fake, 5. storage (depolama); synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory, preservation, retention, accumulation, reposition, warehousing, 6. warehouse (ambar); synonyms (n) godown, repository, promptuary, (v) magazine, 7. magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal, cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip, mag, comic, monthly, pamphlet, weekly, repertory, review, daily. depolama storage; synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory, preservation, retention, stock, accumulation, entrepot, store, reposition, storehouse, warehousing.

depolamak store (ambar, depo, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve. depozito deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw. deprem shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake.

depresyon depression (bunalım, çöküntü); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop. dere 1. stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, run, spurt, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, (prep) current, course; antonym (v) trickle, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) rule, dash, race, career,

conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, hurry, operate, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj) stream, 3. valley (vadi); synonyms (n) ravine, dale, gully, vale, hollow, depression, gap, gorge; antonym (n) mount. derece 1. grade; synonyms (n) class, place, rank, degree, order, brand, category, gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level, classify, evaluate, 2. degree; synonyms (n) extent, condition, title, caliber, status, amount, caste, gradation, grade, height, measure, plane, point, rate, scale, 3. extent; synonyms (n) extension, amplitude, expanse, bulk, compass, distance, boundary, breadth, dimension, gauge, length, purview, quantity, reach, (v) area, 4. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) stage, walk, gait, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, advance, phase, procedure, process, (v) pace, proceeding, tread, 5. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, graduation, yardstick, chip, criterion, fur, pitch, (v) ascend, climb, mount, weigh, rise, peel, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 6. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, file, line, post, arrangement, distinction, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, egregious, fetid, (v) arrange, position, array, estimate; antonym (adj) fresh, 7. level (düzey); synonyms (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, direct, equalize, fell; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 8. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) beat, benchmark, measurement, meter, allotment, action, bill, dose, magnitude, portion, time, (v) appraise, assess, fathom, (adj) mete, 9. remove (kaldırmak); synonyms (v) oust, take, pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete, erase, evacuate, extract, abolish, get, (adj) clear; antonyms (v) insert, install, 10. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) peak, nib, edge, article, dot, mark, spot, apex, detail, end, hint, matter, moment, tip, (v) head, 11. standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, conventional, (n) average, flag, norm, example, pattern, prototype, canon, column; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special, 12. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, value, percentage, charge, frequency, (v) appreciate, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, esteem, prize, deserve. derecelendirmek grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, place, rank, degree, order, brand, category, gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level, classify, evaluate. dergi 1. magazine; synonyms (n) journal, cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip, entrepot, mag, comic, depository, arsenal, monthly, pamphlet, weekly, (v) store, 2. journal (günlük); synonyms (n) diary, magazine, ephemeris, chronicle, log,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English record, annals, calendar, organ, paper, review, annual, (adj) daybook, daily, diurnal, 3. review (gözden geçirmek); synonyms (n) examination, critique, inspection, retrospect, commentary, comment, parade, criticism, investigation, (v) check, survey, criticize, examine, inspect, judge. derhal 1. immediately (hemen); synonyms (adv) directly, forthwith, instantly, now, right, direct, readily, instantaneously, presently, rapidly, incontinently, momentarily, summarily, exactly, (adj) instanter; antonyms (adv) later, slowly, 2. instantly; synonyms (adv) immediately, promptly, outright, quickly, soon, straight, straightaway, suddenly; antonym (adv) eventually. deri 1. skin (cilt, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay, 2. leather; synonyms (n) fleece, skin, buckskin, fell, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh, hit, 3. fell; synonyms (v) chop, cut, drop, floor, ax, level, down, demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous, cruel, prostrate, brutal, fierce, savage, 4. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, ambush, muffle, camouflage, (n) cover, coat, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express. derin 1. deep; synonyms (adj) thick, profound, absorbed, abstruse, broad, dark, rich, sound, strong, wide, esoteric, bright, large, abysmal, (v) intense; antonyms (adj) shallow, superficial, high, high-pitched, light, soft, weak, 2. profound; synonyms (adj) deep, heavy, bottomless, important, solid, grave, obscure, utter, complete, exhaustive, intimate, recondite, shrewd, good, (n) impressive; antonym (adj) trivial, 3. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow, (adj) reasonable, healthy, fit, just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. derinlik depth; synonyms (n) abyss, deepness, profoundness, intensity, profundity, abstruseness, wisdom, breadth, extent, height, strength, width, astuteness, draught, extremity.

derlem collection (koleksiyon, toplama); synonyms (n) accumulation, assembly, assortment, bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap, mass, pile, variety, batch, (v) assemblage. derleme composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization. derman 1. remedy (ilaç); synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal, help, amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 2. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, agency,

121

domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness. dernek 1. association; synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company, fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage, 2. fellowship; synonyms (n) brotherhood, community, companionship, communion, familiarity, camaraderie, association, acquaintance, body, club, family, fraternity, corporation, (adj) intercourse, intimacy, 3. club (kulüp, sinek); synonyms (n) bat, circle, stick, baton, cudgel, gang, group, guild, nightclub, order, truncheon, union, (v) beat, bludgeon, hit, 4. society; synonyms (n) institution, public, people, commonwealth, folk, friendship, gild, league, organization, party, civilization, fashion, gathering, firm, foundation, 5. institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, initiation, tradition, induction, practice, college, organisation, constitution, 6. league; synonyms (n) coalition, confederacy, federation, class, combination, confederation, cabal, bund, conference, conspiracy, (v) combine, confederate, compact, unite, concur. ders 1. subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated, 2. example (örnek); synonyms (n) case, exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, sample, design, guide, model, paradigm, pattern, precedent, prototype, archetype, piece, 3. lesson; synonyms (n) exercise, example, instruction, class, learning, message, moral, reading, sermon, study, task, warning, contraindication, (v) rebuke, 4. class (sınıf); synonyms (n) category, group, form, grade, position, arrange, brand, department, kind, (v) sort, place, rank, categorize, classify, order, 5. teaching; synonyms (n) education, indoctrination, doctrine, pedagogy, precept, training, advice, edification, breeding, enlightenment, principle. derslik classroom; synonym (n) schoolroom. dert 1. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, pain, anxiety, difficulty, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please, 2. sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, heartbreak, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight, happiness, 3. complaint; synonyms (n) accusation, ailment, charge, affection, disease, ill, illness, plaint, protest, sickness, wail, whine, claim, quarrel, trouble, 4. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

122

Turkish - English

crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) good-tempered, 5. grief (acı, keder); synonyms (n) dolor, agony, wound, chagrin, concern, pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation, gloom, melancholy, sorrow, woe, disappointment, (adj) sore, 6. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test, examination, experiment, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, effort, endeavor, proof, assay, misfortune, (adj) experimental, 7. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) torment, tease, care, fear, molest, vex, fret, harry, mind, (n) harass, fuss, annoyance, apprehension, hassle, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance. derya sea (deniz); synonyms (n) ocean, water, waves, (adj) marine, maritime, array, nautical, seagoing, army. deşarj discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire. desen 1. pattern; synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, (v) mould, 2. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, device, idea, intent, contrivance, copy, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance, 3. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, stock. desinatör designer; synonyms (n) architect, couturier, creator, drawer, engineer, inventor, maker, decorator, (v) artist, projector; antonym (adj) off-the-rack. deşmek probe (sonda); synonyms (n) investigation, inquiry, research, plumb, exploration, (v) examine, examination, explore, inspect, fathom, investigate, search, check, inquire, penetrate. deste 1. deck; synonyms (v) adorn, beautify, clothe, embellish, floor, array, bedeck, ornament, attire, bedight, decorate, dress, garnish, grace, trim, 2. bunch (grup, salkım); synonyms (n) cluster, clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group, lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle, pack; antonym (v) disperse, 3. bundle; synonyms (n) pile, sheaf, heap, load, package, packet, parcel, stack, wad, set, collection, mass, mint, mound, (v) bunch, 4. pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n) mob, bevy, company, backpack, box, knapsack, bag, flock, (v) compress, cram, fill, jam, carry, compact, crush; antonym (v) unpack.

destek 1. support (dayanak, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back,

brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 2. backing; synonyms (n) support, approval, assistance, encouragement, endorsement, accompaniment, championship, promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance, funding, funds, investment, 3. staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton, stave, court, scepter, board, (v) crutch, stick, 4. assistance (yardım); synonyms (n) relief, backing, charity, hand, remedy, service, advantage, lift, second, benefit, collaboration, cooperation, favor, (v) succor, 5. cooperation; synonyms (n) concurrence, association, teamwork, partnership, alliance; antonyms (n) stubbornness, competition, confrontation, rivalry, 6. boost; synonyms (n) jump, push, (v) advance, advertise, amplify, augment, hike, increase, promote, raise, thrust, bolster, elevate, enhance, enlarge; antonyms (n) disappointment, (v) decrease, knock, drop, 7. shore; synonyms (n) bank, coast, beach, edge, land, buttress, seashore, seaside, stay, margin, border, riverside, coastline, shoreline, shoring; antonym (n) interior, 8. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 9. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) reside, rest, stop, abide, continue, endure, arrest, bide, dwell, linger, (n) delay, halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 10. sponsorship; synonyms (n) sponsor, auspices, sponsion, benefaction, business, cosponsor, devotion, economics, membership, money, start, bias, guidance. destekleme 1. backing; synonyms (n) aid, patronage, support, approval, assistance, encouragement, endorsement, accompaniment, assist, championship, help, promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance, 2. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) stand, keep, comfort, maintenance, (v) prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost, carry, confirm, corroborate, defend; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken.

desteklemek 1. support (dayanak, destek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 2. assist; synonyms (v) support, abet, serve, contribute, attend, avail, expedite, facilitate, relieve, succor, sustain, alleviate, ease, (n) assistance, (adj) second; antonym (v) hinder, 3. strengthen; synonyms (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English consolidate, confirm, corroborate, enhance, fortify, intensify, invigorate, bolster, buttress, harden, increase, stiffen, toughen, reenforce, cheer, 4. champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender, exponent, paladin, patron, protagonist, supporter, (v) defend, uphold. destekleyici champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender, exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend, support, back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose. detay detail (ayrıntı); synonyms (n) report, point, feature, item, circumstance, (v) describe, enumerate, relate, appoint, assign, cast, itemize, recite, specify, define; antonym (n) generalization. detektör detector; synonyms (n) demodulator, sensor, detecter, selector. dev 1. giant; synonyms (adj) colossal, gargantuan, gigantic, jumbo, elephantine, enormous, huge, immense, large, mammoth, vast, (n) monster, behemoth, colossus, ogre; antonyms (adj) small, tiny, miniature, 2. monster; synonyms (n) giant, beast, brute, demon, devil, fiend, freak, monstrosity, prodigy, chimera, mutant, (adj) stupendous, massive, bizarrerie, eccentricity. deva remedy (ilaç); synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal, help, amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor. devalüasyon devaluation; synonyms (n) depression, deterioration. devam 1. continuation; synonyms (n) continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance, elongation, postscript, duration, extension, supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end, 2. continue (sürdürmek); synonyms (v) abide, remain, endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend, last, maintain, persist, preserve, (n) hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) stop, cease, discontinue, 3. attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending, audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment, assemblage, assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 4. resume; synonyms (v) recover, continue, regain, restart, summarize, outline, revert, adopt, renew, (n) digest, synopsis, abstract, summary, epitome, recapitulation. devamlı 1. continuous (sürekli); synonyms (adj) constant, continual, ceaseless, endless, perpetual, running, chronic, consecutive, continued, eternal, everlasting, incessant, unbroken, unending, uninterrupted; antonyms (adj) intermittent, temporary, discontinuous, sporadic, 2. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, sedate, settled, consistent, certain, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, unreliable, 3.

123

permanent (kalıcı); synonyms (adj) durable, lasting, fast, perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding, continuing, immortal, standing, stationary, unchangeable, (v) continuous, (n) perm; antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 4. continual; synonyms (adj) frequent, permanent, persistent, unrelenting, nonstop, repeated, unceasing, 5. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance. devamlılık continuity (süreklilik); synonyms (n) continuation, coherence, continuance, duration, persistence, concatenation, sequence, perseverance, run, series, chain, constancy, continency, course, flow; antonym (n) discontinuity. deveran 1. circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing, 2. rotation (dönme); synonyms (n) roll, circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, bout. devimbilim dynamics (dinamik); synonyms (n) kinetics, motion, (v) statics. devingen 1. dynamic (dinamik); synonyms (adj) active, aggressive, dynamical, energetic, forceful, powerful, vigorous, lusty, animated, vibrant, driving, efficient, enthusiastic, live, mighty; antonyms (adj) dull, static, 2. mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless. devingenlik mobility; synonyms (n) movableness, motion, movement, (adj) versatility. devinim motion (hareket); synonyms (n) gesture, action, movement, wave, exercise, gesticulation, play, passage, application, move, question, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate, signal. devinirlik momentum; synonyms (n) impetus, impulse, force, drive, impulsion, pace, thrust, velocity, moment, power, propulsion, speed, progress; antonym (n) inertia. devir 1. period (dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time, 2. era (çağ); synonyms (n) period, date, style, 3. turnover; synonyms (n) overturn, revolution, sales, upset, pastry, change, overthrow, proceeds, derangement, disorder, disturbance, earnings, flapjack, income, (v) harrow, 4. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give, interchange; antonyms (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

124

Turkish - English

hold, keep, 5. revolution (devrim); synonyms (n) gyration, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, rotation, turn, alteration, coup, circle, circulation, roll, round, spin, (v) circuit, 6. assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, allotment, appointment, assigning, mission, apportionment, stint, assignation, business, chore, charge, commission, consignment, designation, duty, 7. cycle (bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle, ring, sequence, bout, beat, run, orbit, rhythm, series, drive, hertz, (v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, pedal, 8. circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, spread, spreading, airing, 9. time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, measure, season, spell, instant, space, tempo, sentence, occasion, course, juncture, (v) clock, regulate, schedule; antonym (n) death, 10. rotation (dönme); synonym (n) curl. devirli periodic (periyodik); synonyms (adj) intermittent, regular, periodical, recurrent, frequent, alternate, recurring, routine, spasmodic, alternating, daily, fitful, infrequent, irregular, odd. devirme upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident. devirmek 1. upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident, 2. down (aşağı); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward. devlet 1. state (durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 2. government (hükümet, yönetim); synonyms (n) administration, authority, control, direction, command, dominion, governance, cabinet, authorities, governing, guidance, (adj) empire, rule, (v) conduct, management. devre 1. circuit (çevrim); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 2. period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time, mark.

devretmek 1. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey,

carry, change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold, keep, 2. circuit (çevrim, devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey. devrilme upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident. devrilmek upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident. devrilmiş upset; synonyms (v) overturn, agitate, disquiet, overthrow, bother, confuse, disturb, perturb, reverse, (adj) unsettled, hurt, (n) disorder, trouble, distress, disturbance; antonyms (v) calm, please, encourage, soothe, (adj) pleased, confident. devrim revolution; synonyms (n) change, gyration, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, rotation, turn, alteration, cycle, coup, circle, circulation, (v) circuit, (adj) disturbance. devrimci revolutionary; synonyms (adj) radical, mutineer, rebellious, mutinous, fanatic, lawless, militant, (n) insurgent, rebel, extremist, insurrectionist, revolutionist, subversive, activist, anarchist; antonym (adj) old-fashioned. devriye patrol; synonyms (n) beat, protection, patrolman, scout, sentinel, spy, detachment, force, (v) watch, guard, prowl. deyim 1. expression (anlatım, ifade); synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, language; antonym (n) repression, 2. statement; synonyms (n) account, affirmation, announcement, communication, instruction, assertion, command, description, proposition, enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill, expression; antonym (n) denial, 3. phrase; synonyms (n) word, locution, passage, parlance, (v) formulate, couch, articulate, put, enunciate. dezavantaj disadvantage; synonyms (n) deprivation, inconvenience, limitation, loss, damage, detriment, failing, fault, flaw, harm, hurt, liability, snag, awkwardness, penalty; antonyms (n) benefit, bonus, value, (v) advantage. diferansiyel differential; synonyms (adj) integral, different, totitive, exponential, logarithmic, (n) derivative, difference, distinction, fluxion, fluent, children, descendants, determination, earmark, feature. diğer 1. other (başka); synonyms (adj) additional, another, different, extra, further, more, new,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite, added; antonym (adj) same, 2. alternative (alternatif, seçenek); synonyms (adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) option, choice, preference, selection, substitute, variation. dijital digital; synonyms (adj) numeric, (n) computer. dik 1. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 2. upright; synonyms (adj) perpendicular, straight, erect, vertical, fair, good, just, righteous, honest, honorable, plumb, right, true, virtuous, pure; antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj) disreputable, prone, upturned, degenerate, hanging, unwholesome, 3. rapid; synonyms (adj) fast, quick, prompt, swift, agile, fleet, hasty, speedy, cursory, expeditious, sudden, nimble, winged, express, hurried; antonym (adj) slow, 4. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due, proper, decent, even, perfect, accurate, exact, faithful, fit, reasonable, (n) privilege, law, (v) rectify; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong. dikeç column (kolon, sütun); synonyms (n) pillar, procession, row, stanchion, file, line, obelisk, post, prop, support, series, monolith, buttress, (adj) tower, minaret. diken spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone, thorn, point, prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis, pricker, ridge, spur, sticker. dikey 1. vertical (düşey); synonyms (adj) upright, perpendicular, straight, erect, sheer, standing, plumb, unbowed; antonyms (adj) horizontal, prone, 2. portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon, likeness, delineation, depiction, figure, painting, photograph, picture, portraiture, portrayal, characterization, 3. upright; synonyms (adj) vertical, fair, good, just, righteous, honest, honorable, right, true, virtuous, pure, clean, moral, noble, (n) column; antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj) disreputable, upturned, degenerate, hanging, unwholesome. dikiş stitch; synonyms (n) twinge, pang, cramp, (v) sew, seam, baste, crick, embroider, suture, tack, articulation, commissure, gore, gusset, (adj) tie; antonym (v) unpick. dikkat 1. attention; synonyms (n) mind, aid, alertness, care, consideration, heed, notice, attentiveness, caution, concentration, deliberation, diligence, ear, nursing, observation; antonyms (n) inattention, neglect, 2. care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, concern, apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, burden, fear, (v) anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) disregard, 3. notice;

125

synonyms (n) advertisement, declaration, information, message, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark, regard, remark, see; antonym (v) ignore, 4. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, caveat, circumspection, counsel, forethought, prudence, (v) warn, admonish, advise, 5. note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n) comment, mention, annotation, indication, bill, distinction, epistle, letter, memorandum, report, importance, line, (v) record, discern, label, 6. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) estimate, account, believe, consider, count, hold, observe, reckon, appreciate, (n) respect, esteem, deference, value, admiration, estimation; antonym (n) disrespect. dikkatli 1. careful; synonyms (adj) accurate, attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware, cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 2. cautious; synonyms (adj) careful, conservative, guarded, watchful, chary, circumspect, discreet, judicious, provident, reserved, shy, wary, moderate, canny, tactful; antonyms (adj) rash, impetuous, impulsive, open, incautious, irresponsible, wasteful, 3. intent (amaç, niyet); synonyms (adj) absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose, spirit, drift, end, 4. strict; synonyms (adj) rigid, severe, stern, correct, austere, harsh, precise, rigorous, scrupulous, exacting, hard, inflexible, stiff, (v) exact, close; antonyms (adj) lenient, free, lax, flexible, imprecise, negligent, relaxed, 5. thoughtful; synonyms (adj) considerate, serious, kind, solemn, courteous, heedful, pensive, sensible, grave, caring, gentle, reflective, sensitive, solicitous, studious; antonyms (adj) inconsiderate, thoughtless, heedless. dikkatsiz careless; synonyms (adj) inconsiderate, cursory, forgetful, haphazard, inattentive, insouciant, reckless, hasty, imprudent, inadvertent, incautious, lax, listless, (v) heedless, (adv) thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious, prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous, thorough, thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict, wary. dikkatsizlik negligence; synonyms (n) neglect, carelessness, disregard, inattention, indifference, heedlessness, neglectfulness, inattentiveness, recklessness; antonym (n) attention. dikmek 1. rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build; antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front, 2. plant (bitki); synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory, herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found, lay, bury, 3. raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

126

Turkish - English

lift, hoist, increase, elevate, enhance, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, exalt, excite, heave, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower. dil 1. language (lisan); synonyms (n) dialect, expression, speech, diction, idiom, lingo, tongue, conversation, jargon, terminology, vernacular, voice, word, words, address, 2. tongue; synonyms (n) language, lingua, clapper, glossa, talk, knife, palate, parlance, spit, (v) lick, (adj) flippancy, flowing, fluency, 3. speech (konuşma, söylev); synonyms (n) delivery, lecture, discourse, sermon, communication, discussion, elocution, converse, harangue, oration, articulation, pronunciation, (v) say, saying, speak. dilbilgisi grammar; synonyms (n) rudiments, elements, praxis, punctuation, outlines, (v) initiation. dilbilim linguistics; synonyms (n) glossology, philology, glossary, glottology. dilbilimsel linguistic; synonym (adj) lingual. dilek 1. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish, craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim, choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, (v) dislike, hate, 2. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) desire, like, please, bid, care, prefer, intend, (n) need, inclination, longing, pleasure, purpose, mind, request, urge, 3. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, leave, shall, give, spirit, (n) volition, command, determination, resolve, intent, courage, liking, testament, choice, 4. request (istek); synonyms (n) petition, prayer, application, claim, entreaty, invitation, (v) demand, ask, invite, order, pray, appeal, beg, call, entreat. dilekçe petition; synonyms (n) appeal, application, entreaty, invocation, asking, (v) demand, ask, request, desire, beg, claim, crave, apply, entreat, invite. dilemek 1. beg (dilenmek); synonyms (v) adjure, ask, appeal, entreat, implore, cadge, crave, desire, importune, plead, pray, request, require, solicit, supplicate, 2. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) hope, like, aspiration, choose, please, bid, (n) want, need, inclination, longing, aim, pleasure, purpose, ambition, (adv) will; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. dilenmek beg; synonyms (v) adjure, ask, appeal, entreat, implore, cadge, crave, desire, importune, plead, pray, request, require, solicit, supplicate. dilim 1. slice; synonyms (n) share, part, section, bit, chip, gash, morsel, piece, slab, chunk, portion, (v) cut, slash, carve, lacerate, 2. segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) division, paragraph, slice, proportion, length, sector, subdivision, metamere, parcel, block, strip, department, chapter, (v) divide, partition, 3. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, reduce, (n) notch, cutting, nick, blow,

shape; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension. dilimlemek 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 2. slice (dilim); synonyms (n) share, part, section, bit, chip, gash, morsel, piece, slab, chunk, portion, scrap, (v) cut, slash, lacerate. dilsiz dumb; synonyms (adj) mute, dense, dim, dull, silent, speechless, inarticulate, obtuse, slow, stupid, idiotic, quiet, taciturn, thick, voiceless. dimdik sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere, bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, simple, steep, transparent, regular, (n) complete, perfect, entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick. din 1. religion; synonyms (n) piety, creed, faith, cult, denomination, sect, church, devotion, holiness, persuasion, 2. faith (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, reliance, religion, constancy; antonym (n) unbelief. dinamik 1. dynamic (devingen); synonyms (adj) active, aggressive, dynamical, energetic, forceful, powerful, vigorous, lusty, animated, vibrant, driving, efficient, enthusiastic, live, mighty; antonyms (adj) dull, static, 2. dynamics; synonyms (n) kinetics, motion, (v) statics. dinç 1. vigorous; synonyms (adj) robust, strong, energetic, hardy, lively, powerful, strenuous, active, athletic, hearty, mighty, healthy, smart, (n) brave, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj) feeble, lethargic, weak, dull, unenergetic, 2. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, pure, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 3. youthful (genç); synonyms (adj) young, immature, fresh, juvenile, adolescent, vernal, childish, tender, beardless; antonym (adj) adult. dindar religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout, divine, sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly, scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n) monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular. dindirmek ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen. dingil shaft; synonyms (n) arrow, handle, axis, beam, pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance, mine, post, ray, well, (v) cheat. dingin calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation. dini 1. ecclesiastical; synonyms (adj) ecclesiastic, spiritual, ecclesiological, churchly, clerical, divine, ministerial, beneficent, civilized, ecclesial, pious, religious, theological, gentle, holy, 2. religious; synonyms (adj) devout, sacred, devoted, godly, saintly, scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, strict, pure, (n) monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular. dinleme 1. monitoring; synonym (n) observation, 2. listening; synonyms (n) hearing, audition, audience, earshot, earreach, (adj) attentive, audient. dinlemek 1. listen; synonyms (v) hark, hear, attend, hearken, heed, harken, list, mind, concentrate, incline, 2. monitor (izlemek, monitör); synonyms (v) check, regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator, 3. hear (duymak); synonyms (v) discover, apprehend, understand, catch, examine, learn, listen, overhear, see, try, find, get, comprehend, gather, judge. dinlendirmek rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. dinlenme 1. rest; synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 2. relaxation (gevşeme); synonyms (n) diversion, amusement, pastime, entertainment, recreation, rest, comfort, quiet, remission, respite, peace, hobby, relax, abatement, breather, 3. recreation; synonyms (n) distraction, play, merriment, fun, game, sport, pleasure, refreshment, athletics, interest, reproduction. dinlenmek 1. relax; synonyms (v) loose, abate, give, lounge, unbend, melt, debilitate, ease, relieve, remit, rest, slack, (n) loosen, release, (adj) relent; antonyms (v) tighten, tense, 2. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, lie, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. dinleyiciler audience; synonyms (n) hearing, interview, attendance, house, meeting, turnout, audition, congregation, crowd, following, public, spectators, (v) auditory. dinsel 1. religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout, divine, sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly, scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n) monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular, 2. sacred (kutsal); synonyms (adj) hallowed, consecrated, dedicated, religious, blessed, inviolable, consecrate,

127

celestial, heavenly, sacrosanct, sublime, venerable, biblical, (v) majestic, imposing; antonym (adj) profane. dip 1. bottom (alt, kıç); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. foot (ayak); synonyms (n) bottom, feet, foundation, measure, paw, pes, ft, groundwork, infantry, meter, substructure, assonance, (v) hoof, pay, hand, 3. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) leg, stand, (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, infamous, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, (adj) noble. diploma certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, credentials, document, license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, deed, docket, bill, (v) certify, sanction. diplomasi diplomacy; synonyms (n) finesse, tact, delicacy, politics, diplomatics, statecraft. diplomatik diplomatic; synonyms (adj) tactful, careful, delicate, discreet, politic, suave, thoughtful, strategic; antonyms (adj) tactless, undiplomatic. direk 1. beam (ışın, kiriş); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. pole (kutup); synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar, 3. column (kolon, sütun); synonyms (n) procession, row, stanchion, file, line, obelisk, prop, series, monolith, buttress, article, convoy, editorial, (adj) tower, minaret, 4. post (posta); synonyms (n) place, function, office, position, stake, attitude, berth, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat, send.

direksiyon wheel (çark, Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) circle, cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, (v) roll, revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle, gyrate, rotate, twirl. direkt direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request. direktif 1. directive (yönerge); synonyms (n) decree, direction, edict, instruction, order, ruling, rule, pronouncement, bylaw, command, injunction, law, (adj) directing, directional, guiding, 2. instruction (talimat, yönerge); synonyms (n) charge, advice, counsel, education, guidance, guideline, information, prescription, teaching, bidding, commission, doctrine, drill, edification, lecture. direktör director (müdür, yönetici); synonyms (n) commander, manager, administrator, boss, chief,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

128

Turkish - English

superintendent, chairman, coach, controller, guide, head, leader, master, principal, (v) conductor. direnç resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility. dirençli resistant; synonyms (adj) immune, impervious, durable, tough, defiant, proof, rebellious, hardy, fast, solid, stable, strong, antagonistic, insubordinate, (v) resistive; antonyms (adj) fragile, permeable, submissive, agreeable. direniş resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility. direnme 1. resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility, 2. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie. direnmek resist; synonyms (v) repel, rebel, defy, revolt, endure, balk, combat, disobey, impede, protest, refuse, reject, withstand, (n) oppose, confront; antonyms (v) surrender, yield, assent. diri 1. live (canlı, oturmak, yaşamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate, living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 2. alive (canlı); synonyms (adj) live, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, awake, extant, keen, quick, intelligent; antonym (adj) deceased. dirsek 1. elbow; synonyms (n) bend, cubitus, angle, joint, (v) poke, jostle, nudge, push, shove, jolt, crowd, hustle, 2. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect, fold; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. angle (açı); synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish. dirseklemek elbow (dirsek); synonyms (n) bend, cubitus, angle, joint, (v) poke, jostle, nudge, push, shove, jolt, crowd, hustle. diş tooth; synonyms (n) palate, grain, nap, saw, stomach, tongue, liking, fiber, point, spicule, wire, apophysis, bulb, (adj) nib, (v) bite.

dış 1. outside; synonyms (adj) external, out, outdoor, foreign, extraneous, outer, away, outward, remote, slight, surface, distant, (adv) outdoors, alfresco, (n) exterior; antonyms (prep) inside, in, (adj) indoor, internal, (adv) indoors, 2. external; synonyms (adj) outside, extrinsic, outlying, peripheral, superficial, formal, exotic, objective; antonyms (adj) inner, interior, domestic, inmost, 3. foreign; synonyms (adj) alien, strange, oversea, adventitious, outlandish, peregrine, unfamiliar, unknown, different, imported, irrelevant, tramontane, unusual; antonyms (adj) native, familiar, 4. outer; synonym (adj) utter; antonym (adj) middle. dışarı out; synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond, forth, aside, abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, (adj) away, extinct, outside, absent, gone, outward; antonyms (adv) in, (prep) inside. dışarıda 1. outside; synonyms (adj) external, out, outdoor, foreign, extraneous, outer, away, outward, remote, slight, surface, distant, (adv) outdoors, alfresco, (n) exterior; antonyms (prep) inside, in, (adj) indoor, internal, (adv) indoors, 2. outdoor; synonyms (adj) outside, outlying, 3. out; synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond, forth, aside, abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, disclose, discover, impart, (adj) extinct, absent, gone. dışarıdaki outer; synonyms (adj) external, exterior, outside, outward, extrinsic, outdoor, outlying, peripheral, surface, utter; antonym (adj) middle. dışarıya out; synonyms (adv) off, forward, beyond, forth, aside, abroad, by, outwards, (v) reveal, (adj) away, extinct, outside, absent, gone, outward; antonyms (adv) in, (prep) inside. dişçi dentist; synonym (n) toothdrawer. dişi female; synonyms (adj) distaff, feminine, pistillate, (n) lady, woman, girl, (obj) she; antonyms (adj) masculine, (n) male, man. dışında except; synonyms (conj) but, unless, (prep) save, excepting, excluding, (v) exclude, demur, omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n) bar, without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include. disiplin discipline; synonyms (n) chastisement, correction, (v) control, castigate, chastise, train, chasten, exercise, correct, drill, educate, practice, breed, condition, cultivate. disk 1. disc; synonyms (n) circle, disk, record, platter, round, book, saucer, 2. disk; synonyms (n) disc, discus, dial, diskette, face, wheel, dish. disket floppy; synonyms (adj) flabby, flaccid, drooping, loose, slack, soft, baggy, droopy, (n) limp, diskette; antonyms (adj) stiff, taut. dışkı stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory. disko disco; synonyms (n) discotheque, nightclub, ball, cabaret, club, dance, nightspot, party, casino.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English diskotek disco; synonyms (n) discotheque, nightclub, ball, cabaret, club, dance, nightspot, party, casino. dışlamak exclude; synonyms (v) banish, bar, eject, except, expel, discharge, ban, debar, shut, disallow, eliminate, forbid, omit, ostracize, (adj) excommunicate; antonyms (v) include, incorporate, admit, comprise, permit. dişlemek bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. dişli gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, (v) harness. dışsatım export (ihraç etmek); synonyms (n) exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail, (v) import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship, consign, dump, freight. distorsiyon distortion (çarpıklık); synonyms (n) aberration, contortion, deformation, misrepresentation, exaggeration, corruption, malformation, torture, twist, twisting, caricature, (adj) deformity, (v) perversion. divan 1. lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa, bar, (v) loiter, loll, loaf, recline, rest, dawdle, linger, relax, sprawl, bask, lie, 2. council; synonyms (n) assembly, board, congress, consultation, convention, convocation, diet, legislature, meeting, cabinet, conclave. diyagram diagram; synonyms (n) design, chart, sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration, outline, picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot. diyalog dialogue; synonyms (n) talk, colloquy, conversation, interlocution, interview, chat, conference, dialog, discussion, talks, communication, duologue, speech, talking, consultation. diyanet religion (din); synonyms (n) piety, creed, faith, cult, denomination, sect, church, devotion, holiness, persuasion. diyar land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic. diyet diet; synonyms (n) congress, convocation, council, convention, nurture, food, assembly, dieting, fare, nourishment, sustenance, synod, cockpit, fast; antonyms (v) binge, (adj) fattening. diyez sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. diz knee; synonyms (n) elbow, genu, scythe, sickle, zigzag, angle, hinge, junction, know, stifle.

129

dizayn design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance. dize verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n) prose. dizey matrix (matris); synonyms (n) die, alembic, caldron, crucible, groundmass, uterus, matter, monotype, plasm, impression, mat, diagram, (v) gangue, course, gang. dizge system (sistem); synonyms (n) method, arrangement, network, organization, plan, order, means, structure, process, form, frame, rule, establishment, mode, organisation. dizgi 1. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization. dizi 1. string (ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2. series (seri); synonyms (n) collection, cycle, round, serial, set, string, succession, rash, concatenation, group, procession, suite, (v) course, order, (adj) progression, 3. array; synonyms (n) arrangement, garment, army, assortment, (v) attire, dress, adorn, apparel, arrange, clothe, deck, display, garb, ornament, align; antonym (v) disarray, 4. battery (akü, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, barrage, company, mugging, onslaught, squad, violence, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, battalion, bombardment, brigade, bully, 5. course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v) chase, pour, 6. sequence (sıra); synonyms (n) consequence, episode, pattern, continuity, effect, gradation, result, rotation, sequel, train, battery, combination, 7. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) place, degree, quality, rate, post, category, condition, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, (v) classify, grade, position, array, estimate; antonym (adj) fresh, 8. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, compass, reach, scope, domain, distance, extent, field, latitude, (v) roam, ramble, wander, gad, dispose, go, 9. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, sort, charge, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, kind, form, (v) direct, commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 10. serial;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

130

Turkish - English

synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive, recurrent, sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel, (n) periodical, 11. row; synonyms (n) altercation, squabble, wrangle, clash, dispute, turmoil, argument, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight, argue, bicker, broil, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 12. train (tren); synonyms (n) caravan, (v) aim, coach, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school, domesticate, practice. dizin 1. index (indeks); synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indication, indicator, indices, mark, (v) list, 2. directory; synonyms (n) record, handbook, guide, listing, register. dizisel serial; synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive, recurrent, sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel, (n) periodical, series. dizmek 1. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 2. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, array, compass, reach, scope, domain, (v) line, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad. doğa nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition, class, essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute, constitution, humor, manner, mettle, temperament, type, (adj) kind. doğal 1. natural; synonyms (adj) inherent, innate, artless, instinctive, unaffected, congenital, essential, genuine, inborn, intrinsic, native, normal, crude, ingenuous, naive; antonyms (adj) artificial, affected, cultivated, false, refined, paranormal, supernatural, unnatural, 2. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 3. native; synonyms (adj) natural, domestic, inbred, indigenous, autochthonous, connatural, natal, pure, (n) aboriginal, autochthon, citizen, inhabitant, indigene, local, resident; antonyms (adj) foreign, learned, (n) stranger, immigrant, imported. doğma birth (doğum); synonyms (n) beginning, ancestry, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition, blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v) delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death. doğmak 1. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire, 2. arrive (varmak); synonyms (v) come, mature,

attain, land, reach, succeed, show, derive, emerge, enter, get, happen, issue, prosper, (n) appear; antonyms (v) leave, depart, go, 3. arise; synonyms (v) rise, originate, proceed, result, awake, commence, develop, emanate, ensue, follow, grow, occur, spring, start, stem. doğmuş born; synonyms (v) deliver, (adj) native, natural, elder, uneducated, untrained, untutored, built-in, cognate, deep-seated, essential, instinctive, intrinsic. doğramak 1. butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay, 2. saw (testere); synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage, byword, proverb, dictum, maxim, saying, aphorism, axiom, motto. doğru 1. accurate (tam); synonyms (adj) exact, precise, correct, faithful, true, authentic, close, detailed, literal, meticulous, nice, right, strict, truthful, scientific; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, false, wrong, 2. correct; synonyms (adj) accurate, appropriate, becoming, proper, apt, (v) adjust, amend, castigate, chastise, chasten, better, remedy, straighten, atone, check; antonyms (adj) incorrect, faulty, inappropriate, mistaken, improper, (v) spoil, 3. right (sağ); synonyms (adj) due, just, decent, good, even, perfect, fair, fit, reasonable, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim, (v) rectify; antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral, (n) left, 4. true (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, honest, straight, direct, sincere, factual, loyal, reliable, veritable, rightful, substantial, sound, (v) square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue, 5. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply, exclusively, (adj) equitable, impartial, barely, righteous, upright, definite, clean, ethical, evenhanded, honorable; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, 6. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) careful, precision, clear, explicit, express, fine, minute, (v) demand, require, command, ask, call, compel, extort, impose; antonyms (adj) imprecise, vague, approximate, inexact, 7. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level, directly, frankly, immediately, openly, (adj) erect, flat, perpendicular, immediate, consecutive, frank, neat, vertical, firsthand, plain; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, 8. honest (dürüst); synonyms (adj) artless, candid, dependable, forthright, guileless, heartfelt, straightforward, trustworthy, virtuous, hearty, aboveboard, chaste, conscientious, downright, moral; antonyms (adj) dishonest, corrupt, lying, misleading, disloyal, unwholesome, 9. faithful; synonyms (adj) constant, devoted, unfailing, devout, dutiful, fast, religious,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English responsible, steadfast, unwavering, tried, believing, credible, pure, stalwart; antonyms (adj) unfaithful, unreliable, 10. square (kare); synonyms (adj) rectangular, quadrate, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, court, diamond, (v) settle, agree, correspond, balance, conform, 11. proper; synonyms (adj) agreeable, befitting, decorous, fitting, legitimate, modest, suitable, formal, individual, meet, peculiar, seemly, valid, expedient, convenient; antonyms (adj) unseemly, rude. doğrulama confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation, approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction, testimony, demonstration, agreement, authentication, check, endorsement, evidence, proof, substantiation, verification; antonym (n) contradiction. doğrulamak confirm (onaylamak); synonyms (v) affirm, approve, corroborate, establish, prove, validate, verify, clinch, assert, assure, authenticate, authorize, certify, demonstrate, justify; antonyms (v) disprove, contradict.

doğrultmak 1. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 2. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even, perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit, (n) privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong. doğruluk 1. accuracy; synonyms (n) fidelity, precision, truth, exactitude, exactness, reliability, care, closeness, correctness, faithfulness, meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n) inaccuracy, vagueness, imprecision, 2. truth; synonyms (n) reality, actuality, sincerity, fact, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty, honesty, authenticity, trueness, faith, uprightness, justice, principle; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 3. honesty (dürüstlük); synonyms (n) candor, fairness, integrity, candidness, equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, honestness, morality, rectitude, righteousness, goodness, honorableness; antonyms (n) deceit, deception, deviousness, treachery, wickedness, 4. integrity (bütünlük); synonyms (n) completeness, entireness, unity, constancy, perfection, loyalty, totality, truthfulness, virtue, whole, wholeness, character, impartiality, (adj) honor, dignity, 5. justice (adalet); synonyms (n) judge, right, judicature, jurist, justness, court, reasonableness, umpire, law, magistrate, propriety, (adj) just; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness, 6. validity (geçerlik); synonyms (n) force, authority,

131

legitimacy, soundness, cogency, effect, power, effectiveness, vigor, credibility, hardness, rigor, rigour, strength. doğrusal linear; synonyms (adj) lineal, rectilinear, running, additive, analog, analogue, ancestral, elongate, family, patriarchal, direct, straight, delineated, elongated, functional. doğrusu indeed (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) actually, certainly, exactly, much, really, surely, greatly, absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively, precisely, so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv) possibly. doğu east; synonyms (n) orient, e, einsteinium, tocopherol, (v) orientate. doğum 1. birth; synonyms (n) beginning, ancestry, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition, blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v) delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death, 2. delivery (teslim); synonyms (n) childbirth, birth, consignment, discharge, rescue, communication, confinement, deliverance, distribution, elocution, issue, surrender, articulation, post, (v) address; antonym (n) dispatch. doğurgan fertile (bereketli, verimli); synonyms (adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent, copious, exuberant, fruitful, creative, bountiful, inventive, luxuriant, prolific, rich, ample; antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile. doğurganlık fertility (verimlilik); synonyms (n) fecundity, birthrate, productivity, affluence, uberty, abundance, natality, plenty, prolificacy, richness; antonyms (n) sterility, infertility. doğurma bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim, behavior, comportment. doğurmak 1. generate (üretmek); synonyms (v) breed, develop, bear, beget, cause, engender, get, provoke, create, father, produce, raise, reproduce, yield, make, 2. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, posterity, progeny, (v) multiply, brood, cultivate, hatch, propagate, 3. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey, 4. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, excuse, lawsuit, (v) do, induce, arouse, bring, inspire, let, motivate; antonym (n) consequence. doğurtmak deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear, carry, rescue, save, abandon, bring, liberate, pronounce, render, return, send, utter, drop, acquit. doğuş 1. birth (doğum); synonyms (n) beginning, ancestry, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition, blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, (v) delivery, bear, deliver; antonym (n) death, 2. rise

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

132

Turkish - English

(yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire. doğuştan 1. naturally; synonyms (adv) course, innately, obviously, spontaneously, unaffectedly, openly, (int) certainly; antonyms (adv) unnaturally, artificially, 2. natural (doğal); synonyms (adj) inherent, innate, artless, instinctive, unaffected, congenital, essential, genuine, inborn, intrinsic, native, normal, crude, ingenuous, naive; antonyms (adj) artificial, affected, cultivated, false, refined, paranormal, supernatural, unnatural. dok dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, (v) clip, cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock. dökme casting; synonyms (n) cast, molding, pouring, air, appearence, border, feeding, manufacturing, contrivance, direction, four, glance, lift, look, mien. dökmek 1. empty (boş, boşaltmak); synonyms (adj) discharge, hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted, vain, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour, spill; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill, 2. pour; synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant, flow, pelt, scatter, stream, emit, jet, run, teem, effuse, deluge, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle, 3. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, fling, radiate, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth, hovel. doksan ninety; synonym (n) xc. doktor doctor; synonyms (n) physician, doc, medico, (v) cure, adulterate, attend, fix, heal, mend, remedy, repair, cook, debase, falsify, leech; antonym (v) break. doktrin doctrine; synonyms (n) creed, belief, credo, dogma, philosophy, conviction, lesson, canon, faith, gospel, ism, principle, school, tenet. doku 1. texture; synonyms (n) structure, grain, fabric, constitution, tissue, weave, web, woof, (v) finish, make, 2. tissue; synonyms (n) texture, lump, heap, cobweb, congeries, film, lace, pile, rouleau, (adj) mass, bulk. dökülme fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent. dökülmek 1. pour; synonyms (v) gush, shed, decant, flow, pelt, scatter, stream, discharge, emit, jet, run, spill, teem, (n) overflow, rain; antonym (v) drizzle, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall,

plunge, pitch, cascade; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. empty (boş, boşaltmak); synonyms (adj) hollow, destitute, bare, blank, barren, abandoned, deserted, vain, airy, (v) drain, clear, deplete, desolate, pour, void; antonyms (adj) full, crowded, meaningful, packed, brimming, inhabited, occupied, swarming, cultivated, filled, laden, (v) fill. döküm 1. casting; synonyms (n) cast, molding, pouring, air, appearence, border, feeding, manufacturing, contrivance, direction, four, glance, lift, look, mien, 2. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold. dokuma 1. textile; synonyms (n) material, cloth, fabric, stuff, tapestry, drapery, 2. web; synonyms (n) mesh, network, tissue, lattice, texture, blade, entanglement, maze, film, cobweb, complication, grain, labyrinth, (v) net, plexus. dokümantasyon documentation; synonyms (n) proof, record, certificate, certification, corroboration, credential, credentials, evidence. dökümcü founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father, inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse, crumple, break. dökümcülük cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold. dokunaklı 1. moving; synonyms (adj) active, affecting, emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile, pitiful, poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, (n) movement, transport, advance, transfer; antonyms (adj) motionless, still, depressing, stationary, unemotional, 2. pathetic; synonyms (adj) deplorable, miserable, sad, wretched, forlorn, lamentable, tragic, distressing, piteous, poor, woeful, grievous, moving, abject, measly; antonym (adj) brave. dokundurmak hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue, intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling, implication, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone. dokunma 1. touch (dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, 2. feeling (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, passion, emotion, atmosphere, belief, hunch, impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, excitement; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference, 3. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, interaction, (v) call, meet, communicate, reach, butt, join, 4. handling;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English synonyms (n) manipulation, treatment, administration, management, conduct, running, use. dokunmak 1. touch (dokunma); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, 2. affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act, fake, feign, impress, pretend, dispose, dissemble, influence, involve, lead, pertain, sham, (n) sentiment, 3. contact (temas); synonyms (n) connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, interaction, juxtaposition, (v) call, meet, communicate, reach, butt, join, 4. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, sense, consider, finger, believe, deem, endure, find, hold, perceive, (n) atmosphere, sound, texture, air, impression; antonym (v) observe, 5. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, wield, control, deal, direct, manage, manipulate, treat, govern, cope, grope, (n) grip, clutch, grasp. döküntü 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n) garbage, trash, waste, offal, debris, litter, leavings; antonym (v) accept, 2. litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, issue, breed, scrap, (v) clutter, scatter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle, 3. waste; synonyms (n) desert, damage, dissipation, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate, languish; antonyms (v) conserve, save, 4. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, piece, remainder, conflict, crumb, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep. dokunulabilir tangible; synonyms (adj) material, substantial, actual, concrete, real, palpable, perceptible, physical, evident, corporeal, definite, sensible, genuine, adequate, (n) applicable; antonym (adj) intangible. dokunulmamış intact; synonyms (adj) complete, full, entire, whole, integral, perfect, unbroken, undamaged, uninjured, untouched, sound, inviolate, pure, safe, total; antonym (adj) broken. dokunulmazlık immunity; synonyms (n) exemption, freedom, franchise, dispensation, privilege, exception, invulnerability, liberty, release, resistance, safety, security; antonym (n) vulnerability.

dokunuş touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle. dokuz nine; synonyms (n) niner, club, ennead, ace, cabaret, clubhouse, gild, golfclub, guild, jack, king, knave, lodge, nightclub, nightspot. dokuzuncu ninth; synonym (adj) ninefold.

133

döl 1. offspring; synonyms (n) issue, progeny, brood, children, family, child, descendant, descendants, lineage, posterity, race, seed, (v) breed, fruit, generation, 2. seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ, root, offspring, origin, nucleus, embryo, source, beginning, berry, core, cum, (v) inseminate, plant, sow, (adj) crumb. dolamak 1. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset, 2. wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, clue, (v) twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave. dolambaçlı 1. circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square, 2. indirect (dolaylı); synonyms (adj) circuitous, collateral, incidental, crooked, devious, oblique, roundabout, secondary, side, tortuous, winding, disingenuous, obscure, backhanded, implied; antonyms (adj) direct, overt. dolandırıcı fraud; synonyms (n) cheat, deceit, duplicity, counterfeit, deception, dishonesty, fake, sham, falsehood, cheating, con, faker, impostor, swindle, trick; antonym (n) honesty. dolandırıcılık fraud; synonyms (n) cheat, deceit, duplicity, counterfeit, deception, dishonesty, fake, sham, falsehood, cheating, con, faker, impostor, swindle, trick; antonym (n) honesty. dolanmak wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.

dolap 1. cabinet (bakanlar kurulu, kabine); synonyms (n) case, closet, locker, press, cupboard, chamber, console, sideboard, board, council, 2. cupboard; synonyms (n) cabinet, buffet, commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook, pigeonhole, bin, breakfront, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cubicle, davenport, 3. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 4. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver; antonym (v) buy, 5. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge, arrangement, diagram, method, project, schedule, conspiracy, (v) plan, plot, design, intrigue, devise, conspire, contrive. dolar dollar; synonyms (n) buck, greenback, note, bill, clam, dime, disme, nickel, quarter, ace, bone, certificate, cucumber, fish, frog. dolaşım circulation; synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

134

Turkish - English

dolaşma 1. circuit (çevrim, devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 2. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance, sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight, aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing, sailplaning, soaring. dolaşmak 1. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. circuit (çevrim, devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, excursion, compass, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, round, route, (v) circle, tour, trip, journey, 3. tour; synonyms (n) circuit, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, turn, walk, spell, (v) expedition, travel, ride, visit. dolaylı indirect; synonyms (adj) circuitous, collateral, incidental, crooked, devious, oblique, roundabout, secondary, side, tortuous, winding, disingenuous, obscure, backhanded, implied; antonyms (adj) direct, overt. dolaysız direct (yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request. doldurma 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft, contents, loading, plug, pad, impletion, padding, stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free. doldurmak 1. fill; synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free, 2. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse, 3. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding, dwelling, (v) inflate, expand, bolster, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge, extend, 4. load (yük, yüklemek); synonyms (n) cargo, freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment, lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile, lade, stow; antonym (v) unload, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 6.

store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, reserve, supply, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 7.

stuff; synonyms (n) material, cloth, force, gear, matter, goods, substance, fabric, (v) jam, pad, ram, glut, gorge, shove, (adj) rubbish; antonym (v) unstuff. dolgu 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft, contents, loading, plug, pad, impletion, padding, stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free, 3. core (çekirdek, göbek); synonyms (n) bosom, center, essence, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre, crux, focus; antonym (adj) minor. dolgun fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. dolmak fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free. dolmakalem pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v) enclose, confine, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose. dolu 1. full; synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, abundant, broad, flush, ample, enough, extensive, total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good, (n) entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 2. loaded (yüklü); synonyms (adj) laden, full, burdened, moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich, tight, tipsy, intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered, soused, wet; antonym (adj) poor, 3. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, material, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid. doluşmak crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse. domates tomato; synonyms (n) cranberry, female, girl, prostitute, woman. domuz 1. pig; synonyms (n) hog, boar, bull, cop, copper, fuzz, glutton, grunter, (v) farrow, devour, gulp, guttle, 2. pork; synonyms (n) porc, beef, chicken, ham, lamb, mutton, veal, venison. don frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice. donanım 1. hardware; synonyms (n) ironmongery, ironware, gun, armament, medal, gem, jewel, jewelry, trinket, accouterments, appliances, fasteners, fittings, fixtures, housewares, 2. gear;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, (v) harness. donanma 1. fleet; synonyms (n) armada, float, marine, (adj) swift, fast, expeditious, agile, quick, brisk, rapid, speedy, hasty, (v) flit, fly, hurry, 2. navy; synonyms (n) fleet, flotilla, blue, army, military, services, convoy, (adj) azure, cobalt, cerulean, indigo, sapphire. donatı equipment (donatım); synonyms (n) material, apparatus, facility, gear, outfit, furnishings, apparel, accoutrements, baggage, goods, belongings, device, kit, stuff, (v) furniture. donatım equipment; synonyms (n) material, apparatus, facility, gear, outfit, furnishings, apparel, accoutrements, baggage, goods, belongings, device, kit, stuff, (v) furniture. donatmak 1. deck (deste); synonyms (v) adorn, beautify, clothe, embellish, floor, array, bedeck, ornament, attire, bedight, decorate, dress, garnish, grace, trim, 2. outfit; synonyms (n) garb, gear, kit, apparel, clothing, company, costume, ensemble, rig, pack, clothes, (v) equipment, equip, fit, furnish. dondurma 1. ice (buz); synonyms (n) frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan, 2. freezing; synonyms (adj) cold, icy, arctic, chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill, frozen, gelid, wintry, polar, (v) glacial, (n) freeze, congelation; antonyms (adj) boiling, hot, sweltering, red-hot, warm. dondurmak ice (buz, dondurma); synonyms (n) frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan. döndürmek 1. spin; synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl, revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve, twist, run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent, 2. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) deviate, get, spin, (n) bend, curve, coil, go, bout, change, round, bent, circle, shift, tour, curl, 3. wheel (çark, Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, loop, orb, boot, (v) bike, trundle, rotate, pivot, gyre, swing, double. dondurucu freezing; synonyms (adj) cold, icy, arctic, chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill, cool, frozen, gelid, wintry, (v) glacial, (n) freeze, congelation; antonyms (adj) boiling, hot, sweltering, red-hot, warm. dönek 1. rat (sıçan); synonyms (n) grass, informer, apostate, betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg, denounce, betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal, defect, inform, 2. volatile (uçucu); synonyms (adj) changeable, erratic, frivolous, unstable, mercurial, giddy, capricious, flighty, variable, inconstant, excitable, unsteady, airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym (adj) stable.

135

dönem 1. period (devir, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time, 2. term (terim); synonyms (n) name, expression, period, style, title, boundary, limit, spell, stipulation, phrase, tenure, appellation, (v) call, designate, entitle, 3. era (çağ); synonym (n) date. dönemeç 1. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) elbow, twist, angle, bending, buckle, (v) curve, crouch, stoop, deflect, fold, loop, swerve, contort, cower, deform; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. turning; synonyms (adj) revolving, rotating, rotary, spinning, wheeling, winding, (n) revolution, deviation, conversion, diversion, version, 4. wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, clue, gale, intimation, suggestion, breath, (v) coil, meander, twine, blow, entwine, roll, weave, spiral. dönge circle (daire); synonyms (n) round, association, band, compass, ring, field, range, beat, circuit, company, gang, scope, (v) turn, whirl, encircle. döngü loop; synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight, circuit, eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve, bend, circle, curl, entwine, knot. donma freezing; synonyms (adj) cold, icy, arctic, chilly, frosty, bitter, frigid, chill, cool, frozen, gelid, wintry, (v) glacial, (n) freeze, congelation; antonyms (adj) boiling, hot, sweltering, red-hot, warm. dönme 1. rotation; synonyms (n) revolution, gyration, roll, round, turn, circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, bout, 2. convert (dönüştürmek); synonyms (v) alter, change, adapt, reform, commute, invert, exchange, modify, switch, transform, become, replace, (n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 3. revolution (devrim); synonyms (n) insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, rotation, alteration, coup, circle, spin, upheaval, uprising, vicissitude, innovation, (v) circuit, (adj) disturbance, 4. turning; synonyms (adj) revolving, rotating, rotary, spinning, wheeling, winding, (n) bend, deviation, conversion, diversion, version. dönmek 1. return (dönüş); synonyms (n) yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 2. turn (dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle, 3. spin (döndürmek); synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl, ride, eddy, (v) run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

136

Turkish - English

invent, narrate, pivot, recite, recount, 4. round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, fat, (n) ring, beat, circuit, cycle, orbit, (v) compass, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 5. wheel (çark, Teker, tekerlek); synonyms (n) bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, loop, orb, boot, eye, (v) bike, spin, trundle, rotate, gyre, swing, double. dönmez steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable. donmuş frozen; synonyms (adj) cold, frosty, arctic, frigid, glacial, wintry, freezing, icy, stiff, congealed, chilled, chilly, gelid, iced, set; antonyms (adj) hot, moving. donuk 1. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, highpitched, intense, luminous, 2. dim; synonyms (adj) obscure, dull, bleak, faint, gloomy, indistinct, misty, opaque, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 3. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, absolute, dead, downright, equal, fixed, lifeless, monotonous, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonym (adj) bumpy, 4. faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dizzy, feeble, weak, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, drop, (v) languish, swoon, droop, conk, exhausted; antonyms (adj) distinct, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 5. dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) defunct, inanimate, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb, vapid, out, lost, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living. donuklaştırmak 1. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, 2. dim; synonyms (adj) obscure, dull, bleak, faint, gloomy, indistinct, misty, opaque, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten. dönüş 1. turn (dönmek); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle, 2. return (dönmek); synonyms (n) yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income,

(v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 3. rotation (dönme); synonyms (n) gyration, turn, circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, 4. facing; synonyms (n) face, revetment, cladding, coating, lining, veneer, front, insert, (prep) opposite, against, before, (adj) fronting, diametric, 5. turning; synonyms (adj) revolving, rotating, rotary, spinning, wheeling, winding, (n) deviation, conversion, diversion, version.

dönüşme conversion (çevirme, dönüştürme); synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover, adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition, version, (adj) salvation. dönüşmek 1. convert (dönüştürmek); synonyms (v) alter, change, adapt, reform, commute, invert, exchange, modify, switch, transform, turn, become, (n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 2. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, round, bent, circle, shift. dönüştürme conversion (çevirme); synonyms (n) alteration, change, changeover, adaptation, exchange, transformation, adjustment, amendment, modification, passage, shift, transfer, transition, version, (adj) salvation. dönüştürmek 1. convert; synonyms (v) alter, change, adapt, reform, commute, invert, exchange, modify, switch, transform, turn, become, (n) proselyte, neophyte, (adj) believer, 2. transform; synonyms (v) convert, metamorphose, translate, transfigure, transmute, process, vary, transmogrify, affect, interpret, mold, shape, transpose, 3. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, round, bent, circle, shift. dönüşüm transformation; synonyms (n) conversion, alteration, metamorphosis, change, shift, mutation, metabolism, modification, translation, transmutation, improvement, rectification, transmogrification, version. dördül square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just. dördüncü fourth; synonyms (n) quarter, quartern, second, third, poop, stern, tail, (adv) fourthly, (adj) quaternary, quaternate. dört four; synonyms (n) quaternity, foursome, quadruplet, quaternary, quaternion, tetrad, quarter, square, ace, air, appearence, cast, casting, contrivance, direction. doruk 1. peak (zirve); synonyms (n) crest, maximum, top, acme, apex, crown, pinnacle, climax, extreme, head, height, mountain, prime,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English summit, tip; antonyms (n) nadir, base, trough, 2. height (yükseklik, zirve); synonyms (n) altitude, culmination, peak, degree, elevation, eminence, grade, high, level, zenith, extent, length, measure, pitch, size; antonym (n) shortness, 3. summit (zirve); synonyms (n) point, vertex, heyday, cover, meeting, 4. crest; synonyms (n) brow, hilltop, upside, edge, device, emblem, heraldry, ridge, badge, insignia, (v) cap, (adj) panache, plume, crag, 5. climax; synonyms (n) orgasm, meridian, extremity, apogee, finish, finale, crisis, end, highlight, (v) culminate; antonym (v) dip, 6. top (üst); synonyms (adj) superlative, supreme, (n) surface, covering, lid, lead, pate, (v) best, exceed, outdo, surpass, beat, better, excel, pass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, 7. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count, join, kernel, (v) amount, aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute, (adj) all. dosdoğru straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level, right, directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright, fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded. döşeme floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n) bed, level, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground, platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle; antonym (n) top. dost 1. friend (ahbap, arkadaş); synonyms (n) fellow, acquaintance, ally, colleague, crony, advocate, assistant, booster, buddy, mate, connection, wellwisher, (adj) associate, companion, comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe, stranger, rival, 2. ally; synonyms (n) confederate, accomplice, friend, partner, accessory, adherent, auxiliary, (v) affiliate, align, support, band, connect, league, marry, (adj) coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, opponent, 3. fellow (adam); synonyms (n) boy, equal, brother, chap, compeer, peer, dude, dog, counterpart, escort, beau, blighter, boyfriend, confrere, (v) concomitant, 4. lover; synonyms (n) dear, darling, devotee, fan, admirer, buff, love, beloved, amorist, man, pet, sweetheart, gallant, enthusiast, follower, 5. pal; synonyms (n) chum, sidekick, confidant, intimate, (v) consort, 6. love (aşk, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, devotion, honey, favor, (v) cherish, enjoy, like, worship, (adj) flame; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor. dostça friendly; synonyms (adj) amiable, favorable, affectionate, amicable, benevolent, companionable, convivial, decent, good-natured, kind, complaisant, approachable, accommodating, affable, close;

137

antonyms (adj) hostile, unfriendly, aggressive, aloof, disagreeable, distant, formal, bad-tempered, belligerent, curt, frosty, reserved. dostluk 1. friendship; synonyms (n) fellowship, association, affection, familiarity, amity, companionship, company, friendliness, intimacy, attachment, concord, comradeship, love, relationship, acquaintance; antonyms (n) enmity, hostility, 2. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard, appendage, bond, connection, devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link, tie, annex; antonym (n) detachment, 3. society; synonyms (n) club, institution, public, community, corporation, fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, group, guild, order, partnership, brotherhood, folk. dosya 1. file; synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange, 2. record (kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) account, book, disk, history, deed, disc, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, mark, enrol. dosyalamak file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. dövme 1. battery (akü, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, 2. beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat, defeat, thrashing, whipping, battery, battering, debacle, drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse, rout, (adj) pulsing; antonym (n) victory. dövmek 1. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 2. pound; synonyms (n) cage, fold, (v) beat, pen, bang, crush, grind, hammer, maul, palpitate, mash, buffet, grate, bruise, ram. dövülmüş beaten; synonyms (v) beat, (adj) battered, overpowered, conquered, routed, overcome; antonym (adj) victorious. dövüş fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal. dövüşmek 1. fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal, 2. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, remnant, bit, chip, end, junk, piece, remainder, crumb, fleck, (v) row, discard, reject, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

138

Turkish - English

doyum satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure,

düdük whistle (ıslık çalmak); synonyms (n)

amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent. doyumsuzluk dissatisfaction; synonyms (n) displeasure, disappointment, disaffection, dislike, discontent, distaste, disquiet, disapproval, disapprobation, regret, aversion, disfavor, disinclination, ennui; antonyms (n) satisfaction, contentment. doyurmak 1. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, convince, delight, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify, 2. fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free. doyurucu 1. filling; synonyms (n) fill, filler, weft, contents, loading, plug, pad, impletion, padding, stuffing, wadding, woof, 2. satisfying; synonyms (adj) pleasing, satisfactory, enjoyable, gratifying, pleasant, comforting, delightful, good, hearty, pleasurable, welcome, agreeable, comfortable, substantial, appreciated; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, unrewarding. doz dose; synonyms (n) potion, dosage, draught, medicine, share, batch, doctor, allotment, measure, portion, shot, contingent, dividend, pill, (v) drug. dram drama; synonyms (n) play, show, tragedy, performance, spectacle, theater. drama drama; synonyms (n) play, show, tragedy, performance, spectacle, theater. dramatik dramatic; synonyms (adj) spectacular, theatrical, impressive, scenic, exciting, sensational, striking, sudden, thespian; antonyms (adj) gradual, undramatic. drenaj drainage; synonyms (n) drain, drive, emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj) arefaction, dephlegmation. dua prayer; synonyms (n) petition, invocation, appeal, entreaty, plea, orison, request, suit, litany, devotion, asking, supplication, blessing, demand, supplicant. duble double (çift, çifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, (n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single. dudak lip; synonyms (n) border, brim, cheek, edge, impertinence, mouth, rim, brink, verge, flange, impudence, backtalk, effrontery, insolence, circumference.

whistling, pennywhistle, (v) pipe, sing, twitter, hiss, cry, warble, cheep, tweet, chirp, wheeze. düğme button; synonyms (n) knop, buckle, bud, clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob, fasten, (adj) pin, tie. düğmelemek button (düğme); synonyms (n) knop, buckle, bud, clasp, fastening, key, push, (v) knob, fasten, (adj) pin, tie. düğüm 1. node (boğum); synonyms (n) knob, connection, joint, knot, nodosity, nub, swelling, client, guest, 2. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster, tie, loop, bunch, gang, lump, tangle, band, burl, crowd, (v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten, 3. tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, cord, deadlock, (v) link, bond, attach, join, connect, leash; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo, 4. twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist. düğümlemek 1. knot; synonyms (n) bow, cluster, tie, loop, bunch, gang, joint, lump, tangle, band, burl, (v) entangle, knit, bind, fasten, 2. tie (bağlamak, kravat); synonyms (n) connection, draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, (v) link, bond, attach, join, knot, connect, leash; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo. düğün wedding; synonyms (n) marriage, matrimony, nuptial, nuptials, wedlock, (adj) bridal, matrimonial; antonym (n) divorce. dük duke; synonyms (n) prince, hand, chief, leader, (v) pass, box, deliver.

Dükkan store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve.

dükkân 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. shop; synonyms (n) store, factory, plant, workshop, house, outlet, workplace, (v) betray, purchase, grass, browse, denounce, frequent, patronize, peach. duman 1. smoke; synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek, fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj) smudge, 2. mist; synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor, brume, film, smoke, steam, (v) blur, befog, cover, obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud, hide, 3. fog (sis); synonyms (n) confusion, daze, damp, cloudiness, fogginess, fogging, muddle, murk, (v) confuse, dim, darken.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

139

dümdüz 1. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level,

remain, sleep, ease, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym

right, directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright, fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, 2. plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, jet, craft, facet, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) horizontal, smooth, flush. dün yesterday; synonyms (n) past, history, bygone, foretime, (adj) passé, stale; antonym (n) tomorrow. dünürlük alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n) nonalignment. dünya 1. earth (toprak, yer, yeryüzü); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust, ground, land, clay, lair, creation, ball, country, den, globe, hole, nature, orb, 2. world; synonyms (n) cosmos, universe, public, sphere, society, realm, humanity, life, macrocosm, mankind, people, existence, folk, (adj) global, power. dünyevi secular (laik); synonyms (adj) profane, lay, worldly, earthly, laic, temporal, terrestrial, (n) layman, (v) centennial; antonyms (adj) holy, religious, spiritual. düpedüz sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere, bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, simple, steep, transparent, regular, (n) complete, perfect, entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick.

(v) work.

Dur 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. halt (durma, durmak); synonyms (n) cessation, suspension, standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp, desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver, brake, finish, (adj) flag.

durak 1. stop (durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. station (istasyon); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base, depot, office, (v) place, locate, post, lay, order, put, set, site, 3. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, abide, accept, bear, (n) attitude, booth, rack, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 4. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap,

duraklama pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n) break, intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval, respite, stop, breather, (v) halt, adjournment, delay, hesitate, desist, (adj) discontinue; antonyms (n) decisiveness, (v) continue. duraklamak pause; synonyms (n) break, intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval, respite, stop, breather, (v) halt, adjournment, delay, hesitate, desist, (adj) discontinue; antonyms (n) decisiveness, (v) continue. Duraklat pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n) break, intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval, respite, stop, breather, (v) halt, adjournment, delay, hesitate, desist, (adj) discontinue; antonyms (n) decisiveness, (v) continue. duraksama hesitation; synonyms (n) hesitance, faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy, indecision, misgiving, pause, qualm, reluctance, (v) doubt, falter, fear, hesitating; antonyms (n) certainty, persuasiveness. dural static (duruk, statik); synonyms (adj) immobile, inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant, fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet, rigid, lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj) moving. dürbün binoculars; synonyms (n) binocular, spyglass.

Durdur stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong. durdurma 1. arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt, apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) capture, catch, apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder; antonyms (v) release, discharge, 2. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug, disrupt, dwell, finish, (n) stay, end, arrest, bar, cease, curb; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong.

durdurmak 1. stop (durak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. arrest; synonyms (n) stop, apprehension, custody, detention, standstill, (v) capture, catch, apprehend, collar, detain, get, hinder, inhibit, nail, retard; antonyms (v) release, discharge, 3. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, abide, endure, pause, bide, dwell, support, linger, lodge, persist, sojourn, (adj) inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 4. cease

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

140

Turkish - English

(durmak); synonyms (v) break, quit, terminate, abstain, conclude, discontinue, drop, desist, expire, lapse, abandon, (n) finish, termination, cessation, (adj) abate, 5. halt (durma, durmak); synonyms (n) suspension, deadlock, interruption, stoppage, (v) limp, freeze, waver, brake, hobble, rein, settle, stem, suspend, (adj) flag, lame, 6. check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, limit, agree, restrain, dampen, test, ascertain, assay, audit, contain, (n) control, curb, bill, cheque, barrier, 7. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 8. stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, base, fore, (v) originate, issue, proceed, arise. durgun 1. calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation, 2. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, high-pitched, bumpy, 3. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive, motionless, mute, (n) hush, (v) compose, soothe, ease; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 4. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) gentle, placid, tranquilize, collected, composed, harmonious, hushed, low, modest, (v) repose, gag, (n) peace, peacefulness, alleviate, leisure; antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise, 5. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect, continuance, permanent, 6. static (duruk, statik); synonyms (adj) immobile, inert, stagnant, fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, rigid, lifeless, unchanging, (n) atmospherics. durgunluk 1. calm; synonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, tranquil, (v) assuage, appease, cool, still, allay, pacify, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, (n) lull, equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation, 2. recession; synonyms (n) decline, depression, fall, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding. durma 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end,

arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. halt (durmak); synonyms (n) cessation, suspension, standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp, desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver, brake, finish, (adj) flag, 3. pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, rest, gap, interval, respite, breather, hesitation, abeyance, hiatus, (v) adjournment, hesitate, intermit, falter, demur; antonym (n) decisiveness, 4. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, prop, abide, endure, bide, dwell, support, linger, lodge, persist, sojourn, wait, (adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart.

durmak 1. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong, 2. halt (durma); synonyms (n) cessation, suspension, standstill, deadlock, (v) stop, limp, desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, waver, brake, finish, (adj) flag, 3. cease; synonyms (v) quit, terminate, abstain, conclude, drop, expire, lapse, leave, abandon, cut, die, perish, refrain, (n) termination, (adj) abate, 4. stand (ayakta durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, abide, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 5. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, bide, dwell, support, linger, lodge, persist, sojourn, wait, (n) postponement, reprieve, (adj) inhabit, tarry; antonyms (v) change, abscond, depart, 6. remain; synonyms (v) keep, last, be, persevere, exist, stick, attend, detain, hang, retain, subsist, survive, prevail. dürtmek 1. dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe, apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab, taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 2. thrust; synonyms (v) force, boost, ram, dig, impel, squeeze, throw, stick, plunge, cram, (n) push, drive, shove, cast, blow; antonym (v) pull. dürtü 1. impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge, drive, force, impulsion, motive, whim, goad, desire, incentive, incitement, momentum, motivation, spur, 2. motive (güdü); synonyms (n) cause, ground, account, impulse, inducement, motif, reason, subject, design, grounds, object, occasion, stimulus, (v) aim, consideration, 3. incentive; synonyms (n) encouragement, fillip, inspiration, whip, bait, bribe, catalyst, provocation, stimulant, bonus, lure; antonyms (n) deterrent, disincentive, constraint, 4. urge; synonyms (n) enforce, (v) push, advocate, press, impel, incite, induce, inspire, instigate, persuade, prompt, promote, entreat, expedite, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) discourage.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English duruk static (statik); synonyms (adj) immobile, inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant, fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet, rigid, lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj) moving. durulmak settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, (adj) confirm. durum 1. state (devlet, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 2. status; synonyms (n) rank, situation, caste, condition, order, circumstance, dignity, footing, grade, importance, posture, estate, post, character, (adj) standing, 3. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 4. occasion; synonyms (n) case, event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce, make, 5. circumstance; synonyms (n) state, accident, matter, occasion, adventure, casualty, fact, occurrence, crisis, phase, context, particular, thing, 6. condition; synonyms (n) provision, status, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament, term, complaint, affection, ailment, assumption, class, disease, (v) aspect, provide, 7. situation; synonyms (n) employment, job, location, office, point, seat, site, bearing, berth, environment, spot, function, placement, disposition, form, 8. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, configuration, design, (v) fashion, model, mould, determine, adjust, carve, construct, fit, 9. position (konum); synonyms (n) lay, opinion, set, arrangement, stance, stand, belief, orientation, perspective, (v) fix, locate, arrange, install, pose, poise, 10. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, abide, accept, (n) booth, rack, base, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie. duruş 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, coach, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, (v) bearing, 2. attitude (davranış, tavır, tutum); synonyms (n) aspect, mind, notion, approach, disposition, mentality, mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, pose, side, stance, view, viewpoint, 3. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, abide, accept, (n) booth, rack, base, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 4. halt (durma, durmak); synonyms (n) stay, block, cessation, suspension, (v) stop, arrest, cease, check, limp, desist, discontinue, pause, freeze, break, end; antonyms (v) start, continue, 5. stance; synonyms (n) carriage, stand, location, place, situation, post,

141

standpoint, 6. presence; synonyms (n) appearance, front, attendance, comportment, figure, company, look, being, existence, spirit, (adj) breeding, comity, gentility; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 7. position (konum); synonyms (n) lay, condition, employment, placement, rank, set, arrangement, status, case, (v) grade, fix, locate, arrange, install, point, 8. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, dwell, finish, hinder, impede, intercept, (n) halt, bar, curb; antonyms (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong. duruşma 1. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test, examination, experiment, affliction, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, (adj) experimental, 2. hearing; synonyms (n) earshot, ear, trial, consultation, sound, reach, inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj) audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf. dürüst 1. honest; synonyms (adj) fair, genuine, equitable, good, sincere, artless, candid, clean, decent, dependable, faithful, forthright, frank, guileless, heartfelt; antonyms (adj) dishonest, corrupt, guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal, unwholesome, 2. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous, upright, virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n) lesson, meaning, significance, example; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad, 3. upright; synonyms (adj) perpendicular, straight, erect, vertical, just, plumb, true, moral, respectable, standing, sound, bolt, (n) column, pillar, post; antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj) disreputable, prone, upturned, degenerate, hanging, 4. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply, exclusively, (adj) correct, accurate, impartial, barely, fit, reasonable, appropriate, definite, direct, due; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong, 5. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, sweet, comely, considerable, disinterested, elegant, evenhanded, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 6. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, level, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 7. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) directly, frankly, immediately, openly, instantly, (adj) even, flat, consecutive, neat, square, firsthand, plain, downright, real, exact; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

142

Turkish - English

knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, lopsided, skewed, 8. plain (açık, düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, easy, evident, homely, humble, manifest, obvious, simple, perspicuous, overt, outspoken, dull; antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, two-colored, 9. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) perfect, becoming, fitting, full, nice, (adv) correctly, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim, freedom, interest, justice, (v) rectify; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, incorrect, (n) left, 10. square (kare); synonyms (adj) rectangular, quadrate, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, (v) settle, agree, correspond, adjust, balance, check, conform, 11. straightforward; synonyms (adj) open, aboveboard, outright, ingenuous, unsophisticated, unequivocal, bluff, clear-cut, round, elementary, truthful, unaffected, uncomplicated, undesigning, unvarnished; antonyms (adj) complicated, difficult, complex, deceitful, tricky, devious, mysterious, pompous. dürüstçe 1. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. honestly; synonyms (adv) frankly, fairly, candidly, directly, justly, sincerely, truly, faithfully, aboveboard, genuinely, openly, fair, bluntly, plainly, (adj) earnestly; antonyms (adv) dishonestly, deceitfully, misleadingly, 3. fairly (oldukça); synonyms (adv) completely, moderately, somewhat, equitably, passably, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, enough, middling, relatively, slightly, evenhandedly; antonyms (adv) unfairly, extremely, unjustly. dürüstlük 1. honesty; synonyms (n) candor, fairness, integrity, justice, candidness, equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, faith, honestness, morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity; antonyms (n) dishonesty, deceit, deception, deviousness, treachery, wickedness, 2. integrity (bütünlük); synonyms (n) honesty, completeness, entireness, righteousness, unity, goodness, constancy, perfection, loyalty, principle, sincerity, totality, (adj) honor, dignity, faithfulness, 3. truth (doğruluk); synonyms (n) exactness, reality, actuality, correctness, fact, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty, precision, authenticity, trueness, uprightness, veracity, axiom; antonyms (n) untruth, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 4. justice (adalet); synonyms (n) impartiality, judge, right, judicature, jurist, justness, court, reasonableness,

umpire, law, magistrate, propriety, virtue, (adj) just; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness. duş shower; synonyms (n) rain, drizzle, barrage, rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour, bathe, hail, sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter, spray. düş dream; synonyms (n) daydream, aspiration, ambition, vision, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare, reverie, sleep, coma, trance, notion, (v) imagine, muse; antonym (n) reality. düşey 1. vertical (dikey); synonyms (adj) upright, perpendicular, straight, erect, sheer, standing, plumb, unbowed; antonyms (adj) horizontal, prone, 2. portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon, likeness, delineation, depiction, figure, painting, photograph, picture, portraiture, portrayal, characterization. düşkünlük 1. affection (sevgi); synonyms (n) affect, charity, attachment, fondness, affectionateness, disease, feeling, heart, kindness, liking, love, tenderness, admiration, care, (v) regard; antonym (n) hatred, 2. devotion; synonyms (n) adoration, allegiance, dedication, loyalty, passion, worship, affection, consecration, constancy, devotedness, enthusiasm, piety, reverence, zeal, (adj) veneration; antonyms (n) indifference, disloyalty. düşman enemy; synonyms (n) adversary, antagonist, foe, opponent, opposition, competitor, assailant, foeman, hostile, challenger, contender, (adj) rival; antonyms (n) ally, friend, supporter. düşmanca hostile; synonyms (adj) unfriendly, aggressive, contrary, adverse, belligerent, warlike, averse, unfavorable, antagonistic, chilly, inhospitable, inimical, irreconcilable, opposed, opposite; antonyms (adj) friendly, soothing, warm. düşmanlık 1. hostility; synonyms (n) aggression, animosity, antagonism, enmity, feud, aversion, bitterness, conflict, hatred, rancor, war, belligerence, antipathy, disaffection, disagreement; antonyms (n) friendliness, closeness, goodwill, 2. hatred (nefret); synonyms (n) detestation, abhorrence, disgust, grudge, anger, abomination, dislike, hostility, odium, resentment, execration, distaste, loathing, malice, (v) hate; antonyms (n) love, adoration, liking. düşme 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, come, crash, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch, cascade; antonyms (v) ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent. düşmek 1. fall (sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. drop; synonyms (v) fall, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, shed, decay, die, (n) collapse; antonyms (v) lift, (n) growth, 3. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, empire, (v) disembark, debark, get, arrive; antonym (adj) aquatic, 4. decline; synonyms (n) declension, declination, deterioration, diminution, (v) wane, reject, abate, fail, refuse, deny, deteriorate, spurn, worsen, (adj) fade, languish; antonyms (n) improvement, recovery, development, rebirth, (v) accept, flourish, improve, 5. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, smash, clank, clatter, impact, slam, wreck, (v) bang, break, clang, crack, dash, ram, thunder. düşük 1. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high, 2. abortion; synonyms (n) miscarriage, failure, fiasco, abortive, aborsement, castling, freak, termination, aborting, blunder, disappointment, incompletion, misadventure. düşünce 1. consideration; synonyms (n) concern, respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account, cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact, thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 2. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) judgment, feeling, notion, idea, belief, advice, conjecture, guess, impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel, comment, estimate, 3. thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) opinion, consideration, sentiment, concept, apprehension, design, fancy, plan, thinking, heed, intention, cerebration, contemplation, inspiration; antonym (n) fact, 4. observation (gözlem); synonyms (n) observance, remark, inspection, perception, insight, commentary, examination, look, image, information, annotation, experience, sight, lookout, (v) note, 5. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, mentality, conscience, brains, heart, (v) attend, beware, keep, listen, guard; antonym (v) forget, 6.

counsel (avukat, öğüt, öğüt vermek); synonyms (n) caution, advocate, advisement, admonition, attorney, consultation, counselor, exhortation, guidance, recommendation, (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, 7. conception (fikir); synonyms (n) creation, comprehension, imagination, invention, understanding, initiation, appreciation, awareness, conceit, construct, grasp, inkling, intellection, reading, sense; antonym (n) misconception, 8. attitude (davranış, tavır,

143

tutum); synonyms (n) position, aspect, posture, behavior, air, approach, bearing, disposition, mood, outlook, perspective, pose, side, stance, viewpoint, 9. idea (fikir); synonyms (n) estimation, suggestion, appearance, aim, hypothesis, object, purpose, reason, supposition, suspicion, theory, theme, device, purport, hint, 10. voice (ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state, 11. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) sensation, logic, gist, import, intent, intuition, sensibility, sensitivity, wisdom, wit, gumption, (v) feel, perceive, scent, detect; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 12. thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj) intelligent, thoughtful, meditative, contemplative, pensive, rational, (n) reasoning, mentation, philosophy. düşünceli 1. thoughtful; synonyms (adj) considerate, serious, careful, kind, solemn, attentive, courteous, discreet, heedful, pensive, sensible, grave, mindful, anxious, caring; antonyms (adj) inconsiderate, thoughtless, careless, heedless, 2. advised; synonyms (v) designed, determinate, express, (adj) intentional, considered, studied, deliberate, premeditated, intended. düşüncesiz 1. careless; synonyms (adj) inconsiderate, cursory, forgetful, haphazard, inattentive, insouciant, reckless, hasty, imprudent, inadvertent, incautious, lax, listless, (v) heedless, (adv) thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious, prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous, thorough, thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict, wary, 2. blind (kör, kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted. düşünen thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj) intelligent, thoughtful, meditative, (n) thought, consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection, conception, contemplation, view, attention, cerebration. düşünme 1. thinking; synonyms (v) conceive, (adj) intelligent, thoughtful, meditative, (n) thought, consideration, idea, opinion, reasoning, intellection, conception, contemplation, view, attention, cerebration, 2. thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) notion, impression, belief, feeling, reflection, sentiment, concept, judgment, apprehension, care, cogitation, design, fancy, mind; antonym (n) fact. düşünmek 1. think (sanmak); synonyms (v) consider, believe, reckon, estimate, guess, hold, imagine, muse, ponder, reflect, regard, suppose, cogitate, conjecture, contemplate; antonym (v) forget, 2. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated, circumspect, slow, thoughtful,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

144

Turkish - English

conscious, considered, intended, intentional, (v) consult, debate, think, confer, discuss, excogitate; antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 3. reflect (yansıtmak); synonyms (v) deliberate, meditate, mirror, mull, bethink, echo, ruminate, shine, speculate, copy, imitate, brood, repeat, flash, glint, 4. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 5. reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect, occasion, argument, object, purpose, rationality, understanding, basis, explanation, (v) cause, argue, conclude, deduce, ground. düşürmek drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth. düşüş 1. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, (n) decline, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, come, crash, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch, cascade; antonyms (v) ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. recession; synonyms (n) depression, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding, 4. decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) cut, cutback, diminution, reduction, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract, shrink, allay; antonyms (n) extension, (v) grow, intensify. duvar 1. wall; synonyms (n) partition, bar, barrier, bulwark, rampart, cliff, earthwork, fortification, screen, rail, barricade, block, blockade, bolt, (v) fence, 2. barrier (engel); synonyms (n) dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction, restraint, boundary, hindrance, impediment, obstacle, snag, wall, barrage, guard, protection, blockage, 3. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, supplement. duvarcı mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason, stonemason, architect, artificer, artist, maker, manufacturer, smith, carpenter. duyarlı 1. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate, excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful, impressionable, emotional, gentle, irritable, perceptive, receptive, susceptible, nice, nervous; antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted, tactless, thick-skinned, 2. sensible; synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware, judicious, perceptible, prudent, rational, sagacious, intelligent, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious;

antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise, harebrained, 3. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, loving, sensitive, soft, compassionate, fond, mild, frail, caring, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, rubbery, rough. duyarlık sensitivity; synonyms (n) sensibility, feeling, sensation, sense, sensitiveness, speed, acumen, appreciation, deftness, dexterity, kindness, predisposition, receptiveness, sympathy, tact; antonym (n) insensitivity. duyarlılık sensitivity; synonyms (n) sensibility, feeling, sensation, sense, sensitiveness, speed, acumen, appreciation, deftness, dexterity, kindness, predisposition, receptiveness, sympathy, tact; antonym (n) insensitivity. duygu 1. emotion; synonyms (n) affection, love, feeling, passion, sensation, heart, agitation, commotion, excitement, mood, pathos, sensibility, anger, (v) impression; antonym (n) intelligence, 2. feeling; synonyms (n) feel, emotion, atmosphere, belief, hunch, intuition, opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, air, effect, (adj) emotional, sensitive; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference, 3. sense (anlam, duyu, his); synonyms (n) perception, meaning, logic, awareness, experience, idea, notion, reason, understanding, purport, (v) intellect, mind, perceive, scent, detect; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 4. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure, find, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n) touch, sound, texture, tone; antonym (v) observe, 5. sensation; synonyms (n) thrill, wonder, stunner, sentience, ace, discernment, genius, hit, marvel, miracle, phenomenon, prodigy, smash, success, (v) inspiration, 6. sentiment; synonyms (n) judgement, judgment, persuasion, attitude, position, apprehension, conception, image, observation, thought, view, estimation, purpose, consideration, intellection. duygudaşlık sympathy; synonyms (n) compassion, pity, benevolence, commiseration, feeling, humanity, kindness, mercy, rapport, understanding, agreement, clemency, comfort, affection, (adj) charity; antonyms (n) indifference, cruelty.

duygulandırmak move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay. duygulu 1. emotional (duygusal); synonyms (adj) dramatic, affecting, affective, effusive, moving, passionate, poignant, sensational, sensitive, warm, affectional, excited, fervent, mawkish, (v) emotive;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonyms (adj) impassive, unemotional, unflappable, 2. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate, excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful, impressionable, emotional, gentle, irritable, perceptive, receptive, susceptible, nice, nervous; antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted, tactless, thick-skinned. duygusal 1. emotional; synonyms (adj) dramatic, affecting, affective, effusive, moving, passionate, poignant, sensational, sensitive, warm, affectional, excited, fervent, mawkish, (v) emotive; antonyms (adj) impassive, unemotional, unflappable, 2. sentimental; synonyms (adj) emotional, maudlin, mushy, romantic, tender, schmaltzy, soft, sappy, bathetic, loving, mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy, slushy. duygusuzluk indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n) apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion, favorite, sympathy. duymak 1. hear; synonyms (v) attend, discover, apprehend, understand, catch, examine, learn, listen, overhear, see, try, find, get, comprehend, gather, 2. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, sense, consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure, hold, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe. duyu 1. sense (anlam, duygu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 2. sensation; synonyms (n) emotion, sense, sensibility, sensitivity, thrill, wonder, agitation, stunner, sentience, sentiment, ace, discernment, genius, hit, (v) affection; antonym (n) numbness. duyum sensation; synonyms (n) impression, emotion, feel, sense, perception, sensibility, sensitivity, thrill, wonder, agitation, stunner, awareness, idea, (v) feeling, affection; antonym (n) numbness. duyumsal sensory; synonyms (adj) sensorial, sensational, sensitive, sensuous, arresting, sensor, acoustic, afferent, audible, audio-visual, auditory, aural, auricular, (n) sensorium, sensitory. duyurmak announce (ilan etmek); synonyms (v) advertise, herald, declare, enunciate, proclaim, return, affirm, annunciate, broadcast, communicate, foretell, intimate, promulgate, publicize, publish. duyuru 1. announcement (ilan); synonyms (n) annunciation, notice, advertisement, declaration, communication, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, release, report, statement,

145

intimation, bill, ad, assertion, 2. advertisement (ilan, reklam); synonyms (n) announcement, advert, advertising, circular, publication, advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster, 3. notice; synonyms (n) attention, information, mind, caution, heed, message, observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore. duyusal sensory; synonyms (adj) sensorial, sensational, sensitive, sensuous, arresting, sensor, acoustic, afferent, audible, audio-visual, auditory, aural, auricular, (n) sensorium, sensitory. düz 1. smooth (düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, 2. flat; synonyms (adj) dull, bland, plain, insipid, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, equal, fixed, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. straight; synonyms (adv) right, directly, frankly, (adj) erect, honest, upright, fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, immediate, consecutive, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, 4. plain (açık); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, clear, evident, homely, humble, manifest, obvious, simple, perspicuous, overt, outspoken, explicit; antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, two-colored, 5. even (çift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) constant, equable, equivalent, horizontal, identical, regular, steady, balanced, equitable, flush, square, uniform, (v) balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal, 6. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, category, class, point, (v) flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, equalize, fell; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, (v) build, raise, 7. horizontal (yatay); synonyms (adj) straight, prostrate; antonym (adj) vertical, 8. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) blunt, transparent, (v) channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, order, bend, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 9. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) appropriate, due, decent, good, perfect, exact, faithful, fit, reasonable, becoming, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, (v) rectify; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

146

Turkish - English

düzelmek improve; synonyms (v) advance, heal, emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain, educate, better, cultivate, develop, enhance, mend; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, regress, spoil. düzeltme 1. correction; synonyms (n) amendment, adjustment, alteration, castigation, chastisement, discipline, redress, modification, emendation, improvement, punishment, revision, editing, rebuke, rectification; antonym (n) fabrication, 2. amendment; synonyms (n) betterment, correction, transformation, change, conversion, mend, reform, variation, 3. adjustment; synonyms (n) adaptation, accommodation, control, fit, settlement, allowance, arrangement, disposition, standardization, agreement, compromise, disposal, fitting, order, (adj) adaption. düzeltmek 1. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. correct (doğru); synonyms (adj) right, accurate, appropriate, becoming, nice, precise, proper, (v) adjust, amend, castigate, chastise, chasten, better, remedy, (n) true; antonyms (adj) incorrect, false, faulty, inappropriate, mistaken, improper, (v) wrong, spoil, 3. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, liquid, mellow, (v) quiet, facilitate; antonyms (adj) rough, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, crease, 4. remedy (ilaç); synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, medication, (v) heal, help, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 5. reform; synonyms (n) amendment, alteration, conversion, (v) change, modify, transform, ameliorate, emend, improve, mend, reclaim, regenerate, remodel, renovate, rehabilitate, 6. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, arrange, set, clamp, do, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 7. improve; synonyms (v) advance, reform, gain, educate, cultivate, develop, enhance, perfect, restore, beautify, revise, proceed, convalesce, elevate, grow; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, regress, 8. adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, alter, compose, conform, coordinate, (adj) dress, (n) square, 9. arrange (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) appoint, order, pack, agree, classify, decorate, engineer, provide, put, straighten, display, design, dispose, distribute, (n) array; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 10. better (daha iyi); synonyms (adj) superior, major,

healthier, greater, (n) bettor, (v) best, recover, exceed, excel, refine, surpass, top, benefit, beat, cap; antonyms (adj) lesser, (adv) worse, (n) inferior, 11.

repair (onarım, onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) overhaul, renewal, renovation, fixing, mending, (v) patch, compensate, go, renew, resort, redeem, refresh, reinstate, bushel, reconstruct, 12. square (kare); synonyms (adj) rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equitable, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, court, diamond, (v) correspond, check, (adv) just, 13. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) due, decent, good, exact, faithful, reasonable, direct, ethical, (adv) correctly, exactly, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim; antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral, (n) left. düzeltmen reader (okuyucu); synonyms (n) lecturer, professor, lector, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber, compositor, preacher, printer.

düzen 1. order (düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. layout; synonyms (n) arrangement, composition, design, plan, order, outline, scheme, display, 3. arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, settlement, adjustment, classification, contract, distribution, method, sequence, system, accommodation, appointment, accord, construction, contrivance, covenant, 4. array (dizi); synonyms (n) line, garment, army, assortment, bank, (v) attire, dress, adorn, apparel, clothe, deck, garb, range, ornament, align; antonym (v) disarray, 5. formation; synonyms (n) constitution, creation, establishment, genesis, organization, configuration, conformation, generation, production, architecture, erection, form, foundation, make, (v) fabrication; antonym (n) destruction, 6. disposition; synonyms (n) bent, attitude, character, disposal, tendency, bias, inclination, predisposition, propensity, direction, aptitude, heart, humor, leaning, mettle, 7. method (yöntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, approach, custom, formula, manner, way, device, means, mode, practice, procedure, routine, style, technique, 8. disposal; synonyms (n) administration, sale, alienation, control, dispensation, adhibition, 9. system (sistem); synonyms (n) network, structure, process, frame, rule, organisation, regularity, model, pattern, usage, machine, mechanism, unit, code, complex, 10. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) dodge, diagram, project, schedule, conspiracy, figure, chart, maneuver, purpose, (v) plot, intrigue, devise, conspire, contrive, connive. düzenek mechanism (mekanizma); synonyms (n) apparatus, machinery, appliance, contrivance,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English device, machine, action, instrument, mechanics, agency, gear, vehicle, operation, means, medium. düzenleme 1. arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order, settlement, adjustment, array, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation, appointment, 2. arrange (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) adjust, appoint, dress, set, settle, pack, adapt, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, fix, provide; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 3. layout; synonyms (n) arrangement, composition, outline, scheme, display. düzenlemek 1. arrange; synonyms (v) adjust, appoint, dress, order, set, settle, pack, adapt, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, fix; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 2. organize (örgütlemek); synonyms (v) establish, coordinate, constitute, devise, direct, form, institute, regulate, conduct, found, make, orchestrate, organise, plan, (n) arrange; antonym (v) disorganize, 3. order (düzen, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, (v) commission, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 4. regulate (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) manage, control, determine, govern, influence, modulate, regularize, align, check, correct, decide, guide, organize, rectify, shape, 5. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge, arrangement, device, diagram, method, project, schedule, conspiracy, figure, (v) plot, design, intrigue, conspire, contrive, 6. dispose; synonyms (v) incline, predispose, discard, lead, place, position, range, tend, contribute, deploy, distribute, fit, fling, marshal, (n) bias; antonym (v) indispose, 7. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, pattern, build, configuration, frame, outline, fitness, appearance, (v) fashion, model, mould, carve, construct, knead. düzenleyici editor; synonyms (n) redactor, writer, editioner, journalist, press. düzenli 1. regular (normal); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady, common, customary, general, methodical, ordinary, formal, accurate, correct, (n) fixed, constant, firm, (v) conventional; antonyms (adj) irregular, erratic, inconsistent, unusual, variable, asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight, 2. steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, continual, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent, certain, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable, 3. even (çift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, equable, equivalent, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, clear, balanced, equitable, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven, jagged, unequal, 4. tidy;

147

synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce, natty, respectable, shipshape, goodish, sizable, nice, (v) arrange, straighten, groom, neaten, order; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted, 5. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) right, directly, frankly, due, immediately, (adj) erect, honest, upright, fair, just, perpendicular, proper, immediate, consecutive, frank; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, lopsided, 6. systematic (sistematik); synonyms (adj) tidy, businesslike, logical, efficient, ordered, symmetrical, uniform; antonym (adj) unsystematic, 7. uniform (üniforma); synonyms (adj) same, homogenous, invariable, unchanging, set, alike, similar, measured, proportionate, rigid, (n) livery, dress, garb, attire, costume; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted. düzensiz irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical, anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic, changeable, desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla, sporadic, strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms (adj) regular, constant, even, normal, smooth, symmetrical, compact, cyclic, equal, steady. düzensizlik 1. disorder; synonyms (n) ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble, muddle, chaos, commotion, confusion, disarrangement, disturbance, (v) derange, disarray, confuse, perturb; antonyms (n) orderliness, calm, peace, (v) order, 2. mess; synonyms (n) difficulty, disorder, hodgepodge, jam, scrape, bedlam, dilemma, dirt, mash, mayhem, miscellany, muss, pickle, (v) botch, soil. düzey 1. level; synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, stage, surface, jet, craft, facet, planer, (v) shave, hover, (adj) level, smooth, flush. düzgün 1. smooth (düz); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, 2. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) right, directly, frankly, (adj) erect, honest, upright, fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, immediate, consecutive, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded, 3. regular (düzenli, normal); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady, common, customary, general, methodical,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

148

Turkish - English

ordinary, formal, habitual, (n) fixed, constant, firm, familiar, (v) conventional; antonyms (adj) irregular, erratic, inconsistent, unusual, variable, asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight. düzine dozen; synonym (n) twelve. düzlem plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush. düzlemek smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle. düzleştirmek smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle. düzlük level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise. düzyazı prose; synonyms (n) style, writing, commonplace, language, literature, rap, speech, talk, text, words, (v) ramble, (adj) prosaic, maunder, palaver, prate; antonyms (n) poetry, verse.

E ebat dimensions; synonyms (n) bulk, size, capacity, volume, magnitude, extent, body, book, coil, compass, convolution, figure, gauge, physique, (v) admeasure. ebedi eternal; synonyms (adj) constant, endless, perpetual, ceaseless, continual, everlasting, lasting, aeonian, boundless, deathless, enduring, immortal, unending, ageless, durable; antonyms (adj) temporary, mortal, short-lived, finite. ebediyen forever; synonyms (adv) ever, always, eternally, everlastingly, evermore, continually, interminably, ceaselessly, permanently, (adj) eternal, permanent, (n) eternity; antonym (adv) temporarily. ebeveyn 1. parents; synonym (n) ancestors, 2. parent; synonyms (n) mother, origin, source, forefather, prototype, precursor, (v) father, foster, rear, nurture, generate, advance, advert, arouse, boot; antonym (n) child. eczacı chemist; synonyms (n) apothecary, pharmacist, druggist, pharmaceutist, pharmacy,

pharmacopolist, alchemist, chemic, dispensatory, laborant, analyst. eda expression (anlatım, deyim, ifade); synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, language; antonym (n) repression. edebi literary; synonyms (adj) learned, bookish, cultured, educated, erudite, artistic, blue, civilizing, classical, edifying, educational, enlightening, enriching, gloom, intellectual. edebiyat literature; synonyms (n) learning, letters, science, writing, novel, writings, knowledge, advertisement, art, circular, erudition, fiction, letterure, pamphlet, text. eder price (fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit, value. edilgen passive (pasif); synonyms (adj) inactive, apathetic, inert, submissive, indifferent, lifeless, nonviolent, resigned, dormant, slow, unresisting, impassive, indolent, meek, patient; antonyms (adj) active, assertive, spirited, working.

edim act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain. edimsiz virtual (sanal); synonyms (adj) potential, practical, unreal, implicit, comparative, constructive, fake, imitation, pretend, qualified, quasi, replicated, simulated, basic, energizing; antonym (adj) genuine. Edinme acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase, accomplishment, acquirement, attainment, achievement, conquest, buy, getting, learning, prize, profit, assumption, (v) gain. edinmek 1. acquire; synonyms (v) get, achieve, find, gain, take, accept, attain, buy, collect, contract, earn, obtain, purchase, receive, assume; antonyms (v) lose, sell, 2. obtain; synonyms (v) acquire, have, accomplish, derive, effect, extract, gather, make, prevail, procure, extort, compass, fetch, carry, catch, 3. adopt (benimsemek); synonyms (v) admit, affiliate, borrow, espouse, pass, choose, embrace, follow, imitate, naturalize, prefer, ratify, undertake, use; antonym (v) reject. editör 1. editor (düzenleyici); synonyms (n) redactor, writer, editioner, journalist, press, 2. publisher; synonyms (n) newspaper, paper, bookseller, father. Efekt effect (etki, sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do, bring, carry, execute; antonym (n) reason.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English efektif effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative. efendi 1. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, expert, 2. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, impropriator. efsane 1. myth; synonyms (n) fable, legend, story, tale, allegory, fiction, fabrication, figment, tradition, conceit, maggot, 2. legend; synonyms (n) caption, account, myth, title, chronicle, folklore, romance, narrative, saga, yarn, anecdote, annals, 3. story; synonyms (n) layer, history, narration, recital, report, falsehood, fib, floor, level, novel, stage, storey, explanation, article, description; antonym (n) truth. eğe file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. eğelemek file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. egemen dominant; synonyms (adj) commanding, influential, leading, overriding, paramount, powerful, primary, principal, rampant, main, major, authoritative, chief, domineering, (v) prevalent; antonyms (adj) minor, submissive, subordinate. egemenlik 1. domination; synonyms (n) control, authority, command, ascendancy, ascendency, dominance, dominion, mastery, power, rule, superiority, supremacy, jurisdiction, government, influence, 2. dominance; synonyms (n) domination, advantage, ascendance, authorization, preponderance, primacy, ascendence; antonym (n) inferiority, 3. sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom, reign, empire, autonomy, independence, realm, majesty, monarchy, sceptre, crown, freedom, sway, dynasty, glory, holiness. eğer if (ise); synonyms (conj) provided, although, providing, whether, though, and, so, an, gin, (n) but, conditionally, condition, stipulation, proviso, (adv) peradventure. eğik inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique, willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded, predisposed, ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v) given, (prep) disposed; antonyms (adj) level, reluctant, unwilling. eğiklik inclination (eğilim); synonyms (n) disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity,

149

disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance. eğilim 1. inclination; synonyms (n) disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity, disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 2. trend; synonyms (n) fashion, fad, inclination, course, direction, movement, vogue, propensity, (v) style, tend, incline, sheer, turn, verge, deviate, 3. bias (önyargı); synonyms (n) penchant, influence, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, preconception, predilection, (v) prejudice, slant, dispose, sway, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness, 4. disposition; synonyms (n) attitude, character, arrangement, predisposition, aptitude, array, constitution, distribution, heart, humor, mettle, mood, nature, personality, proneness, 5. tendency; synonyms (n) trend, strain, taste, aptness, habit, intention, tenor, way, manner, motion, purport, temperament, (v) aim, 6. bent; synonyms (adj) arched, curved, bended, crooked, deformed, intent, set, bandy, oblique, awry, bowed, (n) ability, flair, gift, endowment; antonym (adj) straight, 7. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, tone, bearing, design, gist, leeway, (v) blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, move, roam, (adj) flow, 8. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport, relation, relationship, semblance, agreement, attachment, conformity, connection, consanguinity, 9. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 10. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n) run, time, race, rush, (v) wave, flood, surge, billow, noonday, 11. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, reason, (v) feel, intellect, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish. eğilimli 1. inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique, willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded, predisposed, ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v) given, (prep) disposed; antonyms (adj) level, reluctant, unwilling, 2. apt (uygun); synonyms (adj) appropriate, adroit, apropos, apposite, intelligent, good, able, adequate, convenient, dexterous, efficient, fit, smart, clever, deft; antonym (adj) inappropriate. eğilmek 1. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

150

Turkish - English

bend (bükme); synonyms (n) elbow, twist, angle, bending, buckle, (v) curve, crouch, stoop, deflect, fold, loop, swerve, contort, cower, deform; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. lean; synonyms (adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin, bony, lank, lanky, scrawny, (v) incline, list, slant, careen, pitch, slope, (n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat, plump, 4. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, suggestion, summit, extremity, (v) dump, lean, 5. yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return, give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, accede, afford, bear; antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 6. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. eğilmez rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, fixed, hard, inflexible, stiff, austere, firm, set, strict, exacting, formal, rigorous, severe, stern, tense; antonyms (adj) flexible, elastic, soft. eğim 1. inclination (eğilim); synonyms (n) disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity, disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 2. gradient; synonyms (n) grade, slope, pitch, tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline, rise, slant, abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity, ascent, 3. grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, place, rank, degree, order, brand, category, gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level, classify, evaluate, 4. slope; synonyms (n) decline, fall, brae, hillside, drop, side, declination, (v) cant, lean, bank, tip, descend, sway, oblique, (adj) obliquity. eğirmek spin (döndürmek); synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl, revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve, twist, run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent. eğitilmiş trained; synonyms (adj) qualified, experienced, skilled, capable, competent, expert, accustomed, educated, able, efficient, fit, fitted, professional, proficient, skillful; antonyms (adj) untrained, inexpert, untaught, untutored. eğitim 1. education; synonyms (n) training, discipline, instruction, teaching, breeding, background, culture, enlightenment, knowledge, learning, nurture, pedagogy, schooling, literacy, tuition, 2. training; synonyms (n) education, practice, preparation, exercise, drill, experience, workout, coaching, grooming, 3. instruction (talimat, yönerge); synonyms (n) charge, command, advice, counsel, direction, guidance, guideline, information, injunction, prescription, bidding, commission, doctrine, decree, edification. eğitmek 1. discipline; synonyms (n) chastisement, correction, (v) control, castigate, chastise, train, chasten, exercise, correct, drill, educate, practice,

breed, condition, cultivate, 2. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, form, caravan, (v) aim, coach, direct, trail, tail, tame, discipline, instruct, prepare, school, domesticate, 3. school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, denomination, institution, (v) edify, teach, indoctrinate, civilise, nurture, (adj) educational, 4. teach; synonyms (v) inform, enlighten, learn, lecture, tell, tutor, catechize, demonstrate, apprise, develop, discover, ground, improve, (adj) guide, show. eğitmen instructor; synonyms (n) teacher, coach, trainer, educator, preceptor, tutor, lecturer, master, mentor, institutor. eğlence 1. amusement; synonyms (n) distraction, diversion, entertainment, pastime, pleasure, recreation, sport, enjoyment, hobby, joy, laughter, play, dissipation, delight, festivity; antonyms (n) sadness, boredom, 2. fun; synonyms (adj) amusing, entertaining, funny, (n) amusement, frolic, comedy, humor, jest, merriment, mirth, romp, relaxation, gaiety, game, (v) banter; antonym (n) misery, 3. entertainment; synonyms (n) party, feast, fun, reception, regalement, show, cheer, banquet, carousal, festival, treat, treatment, activity, 4. diversion; synonyms (n) deviation, detour, digression, aberration, deflection, deflexion, departure, avocation, divagation, pursuit, interest, trick, 5. recreation; synonyms (n) leisure, break, refreshment, respite, rest, athletics, reproduction, 6. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company, assembly, association, crew, gathering, group, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction, meeting, 7. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, wager, cavort, dally, disport, (n) bet, gambol, caper; antonym (v) work, 8. sport (spor); synonyms (n) mutant, freak, mutation, prank, derision, mockery, gaming, motion, athlete, (v) boast, lark, brandish, display, amuse, divert. eğlenceli 1. amusing; synonyms (adj) funny, entertaining, fun, humorous, pleasant, agreeable, comical, diverting, enjoyable, hilarious, laughable, pleasing, risible, readable, (n) witty; antonyms (adj) dull, boring, tragic, 2. enjoyable; synonyms (adj) delectable, amusing, delicious, delightful, gratifying, lovely, pleasurable, joyful, heavenly, acceptable, charming, comfortable, palatable, satisfying, sweet; antonym (adj) unpleasant. eğlenmek 1. sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play, jest, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, joke, amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak, exercise, (v) gambol, 2. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, enact, perform, execute, fiddle, flirt, wager, cavort, dally, do, (n) game, sport, bet, caper, drama; antonym (v) work.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English eğme bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square. eğmek 1. bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, 2. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, elbow, twist, angle, bending, (v) curl, flex, deflect, fold, loop, swerve, wind, contort, cower, deform; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 3. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) kink, round, bender, coil, contour, flexure, line, (v) hook, distort, meander, inflect, circle, crimp, lean, sag. ego ego (ben); synonyms (n) self, egotism, pride, arrogance, character, personality, id, psyche, temperament, macho, power, qualities, selfadmiration, self-pride. egoist selfish (bencil); synonyms (adj) mean, greedy, mercenary, egocentric, egoistic, egotistic, egotistical, self-centered, stingy, covetous, inconsiderate, sordid, thoughtless, exclusive, (v) contracted; antonyms (adj) unselfish, selfless, altruistic, generous. eğri curve (kavis); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex. egzersiz exercise (alıştırma); synonyms (n) practice, employment, application, discipline, play, movement, action, activity, (v) drill, apply, employ, use, exert, train, educate. egzotik exotic; synonyms (adj) alien, foreign, strange, extraneous, outlandish, unusual, different, curious, extrinsic, unfamiliar, unknown; antonyms (adj) familiar, ordinary. ehemmiyet importance; synonyms (n) greatness, account, gravity, dignity, import, concern, consequence, emphasis, prominence, stress, value, influence, magnitude, matter, prestige; antonyms (n) insignificance, unimportance, triviality. ehil competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable, adequate, clever, effective, efficient, fit, sufficient, commensurate, accomplished, adept, appropriate, enough, experienced, good; antonyms (adj) incompetent, useless, inept. ehli domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil, familiar, household, internal, native, domesticated, family, indigenous, indoor, inland, (n) homely, maid, servant; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild, external. ehliyet 1. competence; synonyms (n) capacity, adequacy, ability, capability, efficiency, sufficiency, aptitude, expertise, fitness, skill, talent, competency, craft, dexterity, (adj) proficiency; antonyms (n) incompetence, inability, 2. licence (lisans); synonyms (v) license, certify, endorse,

151

evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest, 3. ticket (bilet); synonyms (n) pass, card, label, certificate, ballot, check, slate, tag, warrant, mark, slip, voucher, plank, platform, (v) fine, 4. qualification; synonyms (n) condition, competence, limitation, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, alteration, modification, requirement, reservation, (adj) faculty, endowment, property, attribute. ehliyetli efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual, competent, effective, able, capable, valid, efficacious, operative, practical, adept, adroit, neat, regular, (v) clever, active; antonyms (adj) incompetent, inefficient. ehliyetsiz 1. incapable; synonyms (adj) impotent, incompetent, inadequate, unable, helpless, powerless, inept, insufficient, unqualified, ineffectual, inefficient, unfit, weak; antonyms (adj) capable, able, 2. inefficient; synonyms (adj) ineffective, incapable, inefficacious, feeble, futile, inactive, useless, lame; antonym (adj) efficient. ehliyetsizlik disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n) handicap, inability, disablement, disqualification, drawback, impairment, incapacity, disadvantage, damage, deadening, deterioration, deterrent, detriment, illness, trouble. ejderha dragon; synonyms (n) shrew, calculus, drake, earthdrake, firedrake, monster, tartar, (adj) wyvern, cockatrice, madcap, scold, tiger, fury, kraken, roc. ek 1. appendix; synonyms (n) addition, adjunct, addendum, annex, appendage, accessory, (v) supplement, 2. additional; synonyms (adj) added, extra, supplementary, ancillary, another, further, more, second, spare, increased, adscititious, adventitious, auxiliary, complementary, (pron) other; antonyms (adj) less, main, 3. attachment; synonyms (n) affection, appendix, adherence, regard, association, bond, connection, devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link, love, tie, fastener; antonym (n) detachment, 4. extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, redundant, exceptional, unneeded, unused, (adv) especially, above, (n) excess, plus, supernumerary, duplicate, attachment, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, (n) lack, 5. supplement; synonyms (n) accompaniment, increment, continuation, appurtenance, postscript, counterpart, codicil, (v) add, append, affix, increase, augment, accompany, complete, (adj) complement; antonym (v) diminish, 6. extension (uzatma); synonyms (n) augmentation, enlargement, expansion, elongation, expanse, stretch, development, amplification, annexe, circulation, dissemination, growth, prolongation, reach, space; antonyms (n) limitation, contraction, limit, 7. addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession, extension, accretion, afterthought, gain, acquisition, annexation, insert,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

152

Turkish - English

rise, summation, totaling, wing, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal, estimation, 8. supplementary; synonyms (adj) subsidiary, supplemental, secondary, subordinate, new. ekin crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear. ekinsel cultural; synonyms (adj) ethnic, educational, enriching, racial, adorning, advancing, artistic, beautifying, beneficial, broadening, civilizing, constructive, corrective, developmental, dignifying. ekip 1. brigade (tugay); synonyms (n) detachment, army, division, battalion, corps, legion, contingent, battalia, column, garrison, host, wing, battery, platoon, sotnia, 2. gang; synonyms (n) crew, band, circle, company, crowd, association, bunch, faction, mob, pack, team, assemblage, clique, club, group, 3. squad; synonyms (n) gang, brigade, party, knot, section, troop, regiment, detail, side, unit, (v) set, 4. outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb, gear, kit, apparel, clothing, costume, ensemble, rig, clothes, (v) equipment, attire, equip, fit, furnish, 5. crew; synonyms (n) cluster, assembly, bevy, gathering, horde, partnership, personnel, ring, squad, staff, communion, corporation, 6. team (takım); synonyms (n) organization, couple, (v) pair, (adj) rank, file, line, range, row, string. eklem joint (birleşik, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate. ekleme addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession, accessory, addendum, extension, increase, accretion, afterthought, annex, appendage, attachment, augmentation, complement, extra, gain, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal, estimation. eklemek 1. add (toplamak); synonyms (v) calculate, include, join, total, figure, lend, mix, divide, subtract, gather, accumulate, adjoin, affix, annex, (n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 2. joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, seam, connection, tie, joining, junction, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate, 3. supplement; synonyms (n) accessory, accompaniment, addendum, adjunct, appendix, increment, continuation, appendage, appurtenance, postscript, attachment, (v) add, append, increase, (adj) complement; antonym (v) diminish. ekmek 1. bread; synonyms (n) living, livelihood, cash, maintenance, currency, dough, food, kale, loot, money, pelf, sustenance, 2. crop (ürün);

synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear, 3. plant (bitki); synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory, herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found, lay, bury. ekmekçi baker; synonyms (n) cook, chef, doughboy. ekol school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify, teach. ekoloji ecology; synonyms (n) bionomics, botany, conservationism, network, system. ekonomi 1. economy; synonyms (n) frugality, parsimony, saving, thrift, conservation, efficiency, husbandry, prudence, stinginess, thriftiness, brevity, cut, (adj) system, arrangement, array; antonym (n) extravagance, 2. economics; synonyms (n) finance, economy, commerce, money, backing, funding, investment, sponsorship. ekonomik economic; synonyms (adj) commercial, financial, profitable, efficient, economical, fiscal, industrial, mercantile, pecuniary, trade, monetary, bread-and-butter, budgetary, helpful, material. ekonomist economist; synonyms (n) cultivator, husband, husbandman, tiller. ekran 1. screen (perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak, 2. monitor (izlemek, monitör); synonyms (v) check, regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator, 3. display; synonyms (n) array, presentation, appearance, screen, demonstration, exhibition, (v) exhibit, show, disclose, parade, expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate. eksantrik eccentric; synonyms (adj) bizarre, odd, wacky, abnormal, anomalous, crazy, erratic, irregular, outlandish, peculiar, strange, droll, comical, (n) character, case; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, (n) conformist. eksen axis; synonyms (n) axle, pivot, hinge, center, hub, spindle, stem, pin. ekseriyet majority (çoğunluk); synonyms (n) bulk, age, plurality, body, mass, maturity, preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority. eksi 1. minus; synonyms (n) negative, disadvantage, subtraction, (v) bereft, lack, bereaved, denuded, (adj) minor, less, lacking, deficient, lesser, short, (adv) without; antonym (prep) plus, 2. negative (negatif, olumsuz); synonyms (adj) minus, adverse, denying, damaging, destructive, contrary, unfavorable, (n) denial, (v) gainsay, veto, deny, disavow, kill, negate, controvert; antonyms (adj) positive, optimistic, assenting, (n) affirmative.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ekşi 1. acid (asit); synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic, bitter, caustic, sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting, pointed, sarcastic, acrimonious, astringent, biting, (v) tart; antonym (adj) sweet, 2. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. sour; synonyms (adj) morose, acid, rancid, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, rotten, sullen, (v) acidify, ferment, turn, (n) harsh, acidity; antonym (adj) kindly. eksik 1. missing; synonyms (v) lost, (adj) lacking, absent, gone, wanting, deficient, away, misplaced, nonexistent; antonym (adj) present, 2. incomplete; synonyms (adj) defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, halfway, short, unfinished, half, insufficient, fragmentary, sketchy, scarce, poor, broken, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) complete, finished, whole, 3. lacking; synonyms (adj) incomplete, destitute, devoid, empty, without, sans, missing; antonym (adj) full, 4. defective (kusurlu); synonyms (adj) bad, unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, incorrect, lame, wrong; antonym (adj) perfect, 5. inadequate (yetersiz); synonyms (adj) flimsy, feeble, inappropriate, incapable, incompetent, ineffective, improper, impotent, meager, small, sparse, thin, unsuitable, weak, inopportune; antonyms (adj) adequate, ample, enough, passable, competent, reasonable, strong, 6. insufficient (yetersiz); synonyms (adj) scanty, limited, unsatisfactory, few, incommensurate, inefficient, scant, skimpy, slender, unequal, disappointing, disproportionate, inferior; antonyms (adj) sufficient, plentiful, 7. short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, diminutive, pithy, blunt, brittle, (adv) abruptly, (v) compact; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy. eksiklik 1. deficiency; synonyms (n) defect, dearth, want, absence, deficit, failing, inadequacy, lack, scarcity, shortcoming, failure, famine, fault, (adj) blemish, imperfection; antonyms (n) excess, sufficiency, 2. lack; synonyms (n) deficiency, need, default, insufficiency, poverty, shortage, drought, vacancy, deprivation, (v) destitution, fail, demand, require, desire, indigence; antonyms (n) abundance, provision, (v) have, 3. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) blot, flaw, scar, weakness, deformity, foible, vice, blunder, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease, drawback, error, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity, 4. failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy, breakdown, decline, debacle, defeat, disappointment, disaster, downfall, loser, loss, abortion, collapse, dud, lapse, (v) decay; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory,

153

achiever, attainment, capability, growth, 5. absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism, nonattendance, paucity; antonyms (n) presence, attendance, 6. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury, privation, pauperism, requirement, distress, ambition, fancy, essential, hardship; antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 7. shortage (açık); synonyms (n) scantiness, shortfall; antonyms (n) overabundance, surplus, affluence, glut. eksiksiz 1. perfect; synonyms (adj) consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 2. complete (bitirmek, tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect, whole, stark, accomplished, all, finished, (v) close, finish, execute, act, attain, cease, clear, conclude, effect; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial, unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect. eksilme decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. eksilmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. eksiltmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. ekşimek sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly. eksper expert (bilirkişi, uzman); synonyms (adj) adept, adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever, experienced, accomplished, ace, apt, (n) professional, proficient, critic, authority, connoisseur; antonyms (adj) unskilled, inept, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner. ekspertiz expertise; synonyms (n) ability, capability, competence, competency, dexterity, knowledge, proficiency, skill, art, command, talent, aptitude, expertness, knack, prowess. ekstra 1. extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, auxiliary, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement, accessory, excess, plus, supernumerary, addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack, 2. additional; synonyms (adj) added, extra, supplementary,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

154

Turkish - English

ancillary, another, further, second, spare, increased, adscititious, adventitious, complementary, else, farther, (pron) other; antonym (adj) main. el hand; synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant. elastikiyet flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability, spring, adaptability, elasticity, suppleness, litheness, malleability, tractability, versatility, bendability; antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy, rigidity, stubbornness, severity. elbette 1. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, surely, necessarily, definitely, really, sure, truly, inevitably, absolutely, clearly, exactly, indeed, indubitably, positively, (int) yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully, questionably, 2. surely; synonyms (adv) undoubtedly, confidently, firmly, securely, unquestionably, (int) certainly, (adj) doubtless, 3. naturally; synonyms (adv) course, innately, obviously, spontaneously, unaffectedly, openly; antonyms (adv) unnaturally, artificially, 4. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, secure, safe, firm, indisputable, dependable, assured, confident, definite, infallible, positive, bound, absolute, (v) steady; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant. elbise 1. dress; synonyms (n) attire, costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress, 2. clothes; synonyms (n) dress, garment, wardrobe, thing, gown, toggery, vesture, wear, 3. costume (giysi, kostüm); synonyms (n) suit, outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garments, habit, raiment, masquerade, (v) clad, 4. garment; synonyms (n) habiliment, vest, things, (v) tog, enclothe, 5. wear; synonyms (v) endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, assume, break, don, have, last, stand, exhaust, (n) erosion; antonym (v) refresh. elçi ambassador (büyükelçi); synonyms (n) agent, delegate, emissary, envoy, messenger, minister, deputy, embassador, herald, representative, diplomat. elçilik 1. embassy; synonyms (n) deputation, legation, delegation, mission, commission, errand, cable, communication, diplomat, diplomatist, 2. mission; synonyms (n) job, assignment, charge, duty, goal, chore, delegacy, task, function, business, calling, expedition, purpose, vocation, agendum. elde carry (nakletmek, taşımak); synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume, admit. elek screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v)

cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak. elektrik 1. electricity; synonyms (n) energy, flow, fuel, pyrogen, electron, heat, ignition, (adj) light, lightning, electromagnetism, magnetism, voltaism, wind, gravity, (v) electrize, 2. electrical (elektrikli); synonyms (adj) electric, thrilling, automated, electrifying, galvanising, galvanizing, magnetic, 3. juice; synonyms (n) extract, water, blood, gravy, liquid, succus, fluid, liquor, gasoline, current, oil, solution, (adj) humor, serum, lymph. elektrikli 1. electrical; synonyms (adj) electric, thrilling, automated, electrifying, galvanising, galvanizing, magnetic, 2. electric; synonyms (adj) exciting, electrical, galvanic, emotional, fidgety, fussy, hasty, hurried, restless, stimulating, automatic, dynamic, (n) rapturous, (v) mercurial, telegraphic. elektriksel electrical (elektrikli); synonyms (adj) electric, thrilling, automated, electrifying, galvanising, galvanizing, magnetic. elektron electron; synonyms (n) electricity, molecule, negatron, amber. elektronik 1. electronic; synonyms (adj) automated, automatic, 2. electronics. elem suffering; synonyms (v) pain, (n) affliction, agony, anguish, distress, hurt, grief, hardship, misery, ordeal, sorrow, torment, torture, adversity, (adj) miserable; antonym (n) content. eleman 1. element; synonyms (n) component, constituent, ingredient, factor, substance, fundamental, feature, matter, origin, part, unit, cause, module, point, article, 2. component (bileşen, parça); synonyms (n) detail, element, member, accessory, division, piece, portion, section. eleme elimination; synonyms (n) cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance, (v) removal; antonyms (n) addition, establishment. elemek 1. eliminate; synonyms (v) abolish, delete, rid, annihilate, cancel, dispel, eradicate, extinguish, obliterate, take, clear, destroy, discard, dismiss, erase, 2. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak, 3. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock. element element; synonyms (n) component, constituent, ingredient, factor, substance, fundamental, feature, matter, origin, part, unit, cause, module, point, article. eleştiri 1. criticism; synonyms (n) critique, commentary, blame, review, animadversion,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English attack, censure, comment, denunciation, disapproval, knock, rebuke, stricture, complaint, objection; antonyms (n) praise, approval, admiration, compliment, 2. review (gözden geçirmek); synonyms (n) examination, inspection, retrospect, parade, magazine, criticism, investigation, notice, (v) check, survey, criticize, examine, inspect, judge, reexamine. eleştirici critical (kritik); synonyms (adj) acute, decisive, delicate, important, pressing, severe, ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, dangerous, fastidious, grave, imperative, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering, insignificant, approving, unimportant. eliminasyon elimination (eleme); synonyms (n) cancellation, discharge, excretion, annihilation, abolition, deletion, ejection, eradication, evacuation, exclusion, liquidation, omission, purge, riddance, (v) removal; antonyms (n) addition, establishment. elkitabı manual; synonyms (n) handbook, guide, guidebook, brochure, primer, text, textbook, compendium, grammar, abecedary, codex, libretto; antonyms (adj) automatic, mechanized.

ellemek 1. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, 2. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, govern, (n) grip, clutch, grasp. elli fifty; synonyms (n) l, lambert, liter, litre. elma apple; synonyms (n) city, world, (v) ball, (adj) green. elmas 1. diamond (karo); synonyms (n) adamant, lozenge, infield, rhombus, square, rectangle, (adj) jewel, bijou, 2. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, calculus, pillar, (v) jar, sway, cradle, jolt, shake, toss, waver, quake, pitch, reel, (adj) pebble, stone. elveda farewell (veda); synonyms (n) adieu, leave, valediction, goodbye, parting, departure, separation. elverişli 1. convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable, commodious, handy, advantageous, appropriate, expedient, fit, near, nearby, opportune, ready, timely, useful, snug, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj) inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy, useless, 2. suitable (uygun); synonyms (adj) good, apt, proper, right, convenient, eligible, apposite, correct, desirable, fitting, pertinent, due, decorous, (n) seasonable, (v) becoming; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, wrong, improper, 3. adequate (yeterli); synonyms (adj) sufficient, acceptable, enough, condign, effectual, passable, satisfactory, agreeable, competent, decent, equal, fair, full, qualified, able; antonyms (adj) inadequate,

155

insufficient, unsatisfactory, 4. favourable; synonyms (adj) auspicious, encouraging, lucky, prosperous, easy, booming, flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering, roaring, supporting, thriving, 5. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, befit, (adj) applicable, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack, burst; antonyms (adj) unfit, unwell, 6. sufficient; synonyms (adj) adequate, commensurate, ample, plenty, abundant, suitable, respectable, tolerable, 7. practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable, efficient, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, positive, sensible, workable, working, constructive, hardheaded; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, impossible. elverişlilik convenience; synonyms (n) advantage, contrivance, accommodation, opportunity, appliance, comfort, fitness, leisure, occasion, utility, amenity, benefit, easement, expediency, gadget; antonym (n) inconvenience. elverişsiz unsuitable; synonyms (adj) inappropriate, improper, inapplicable, incorrect, unfit, inapt, inopportune, unbecoming, undesirable, wrong, inconvenient, incompatible, indecorous, unseasonable, ineligible; antonyms (adj) suitable, appropriate, applicable, proper. emek 1. labour; synonyms (n) effort, exertion, childbed, confinement, toil, proletariat, (v) grind, labor, travail, drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, 2. effort (çaba, gayret); synonyms (n) attempt, application, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, campaign, cause, crusade, deed, essay, exploit, 3. work (çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) exercise, business, employment, function, task, action, act, book, composition, (v) operate, cultivate, ferment, form, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction. emekli 1. pensioner; synonyms (n) pensionary, beneficiary, hireling, senior, ward, 2. retired; synonyms (v) covert, (adj) private, obscure, emeritus, secluded, secret, sequestered, solitary, lonely, withdrawn, close, superannuated, isolated, old, out. emeklilik retirement; synonyms (n) retreat, resignation, departure, privacy, seclusion, secrecy, withdrawal, recession, solitude, cancellation. emilme absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation, attention, concentration, inhalation, engrossment, ingestion, preoccupation, abstraction, amalgamation, interest. emin 1. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, definite, sure, absolute, assured, dependable, indisputable, reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable, infallible, particular, (v) bound; antonyms (adj) uncertain, doubtful, unsure, questionable, 2. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, secure, safe, firm, confident, positive, fast, guaranteed, indubitable, stable, true,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

156

Turkish - English

unerring, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonym (adj) hesitant, 3. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, gain, get, guarantee, guard, lock, (adj) attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 4. confident; synonyms (adj) bold, brave, hopeful, sanguine, fearless, forward, assertive, dogmatic, composed, optimistic, (v) cocksure, satisfied, emphatic; antonyms (adj) anxious, frightened, pessimistic, timid, 5. safe; synonyms (adj) cautious, good, harmless, innocuous, sound, correct, innocent, inoffensive, unscathed, protected, chary, discreet, (n) closet, coffer, strongbox; antonyms (adj) dangerous, hurt, risky, unprotected, harmful, reckless, 6. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, blow, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. emir 1. mandate; synonyms (n) charge, injunction, authority, behest, command, bidding, instruction, authorization, commandment, commission, decree, dictate, order, edict, claim, 2. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, direction, administration, ascendancy, demand, mastery, power, sway, (v) rule, call, direct, bid, dominate, instruct, require; antonym (v) request, 3. order

(düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) array, rank, sort, class, condition, disposition, kind, form, genus, category, grade, (v) arrange, ordain, conduct, govern; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, 4. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, load, arraign, assault, cost, fill; antonyms (v) absolve, retreat, 5. directive (yönerge); synonyms (n) ruling, pronouncement, bylaw, law, mandate, (adj) directing, directional, guiding, 6. decree; synonyms (n) act, decision, finding, judgment, verdict, directive, regulation, (v) award, decide, enact, will, enjoin, appoint, doom, pronounce, 7. prescription (reçete); synonyms (n) medicine, prescript, drug, formula, medication, recipe, ordination, receipt, dose, nostrum, prerogative, (adj) precept. emme absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation, attention, concentration, inhalation, engrossment, ingestion, preoccupation, abstraction, amalgamation, interest. emmek absorb; synonyms (v) consume, drink, engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy, suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate, ingest, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit. emniyet 1. safety (güvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, guard, refuge, security, bingle, safe, asylum, sanctuary, cover, preservation, safeness,

shelter, condom, defense, prophylactic; antonyms (n) danger, hazard,

2. security (güvenlik);

synonyms (n) pledge, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, deposit, ease, gage, (v) bond, (adj) firmness. emniyetli reliable; synonyms (adj) good, firm, honest, authentic, certain, dependable, faithful, safe, true, trusty, believable, solid, sound, (v) trustworthy, credible; antonyms (adj) unreliable, fallacious, inconsistent.

emretmek 1. order (düzen, düzenlemek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, claim, demand, (v) order, rule, bid, dominate, instruct, 3. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, appeal, invitation, (v) ask, invite, adjure, beseech, summon, tell, allure, greet, 4. decree; synonyms (n) act, decision, finding, judgment, verdict, bylaw, directive, (v) award, decide, enact, ordain, will, enjoin, appoint, doom, 5. tell (anlatmak, söylemek); synonyms (v) relate, declare, divulge, express, impart, recount, reveal, explain, announce, communicate, describe, distinguish, enumerate, (n) disclose, count, 6. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, transparent, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, head, administer, guide, lead, level, point, bend; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned. emsal equal (eşit); synonyms (adj) agree, comparable, adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, (v) match, compare, correspond, even, parallel, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v) differ. emtia commodity; synonyms (n) merchandise, article, product, object, thing, goods, ware, effects, movable, something, valuable, accommodation, advantage, asset, belonging. emzirmek nurse (hemşire); synonyms (n) nurture, doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise, breastfeed. en 1. breadth; synonyms (n) scope, width, spread, amplitude, area, broadness, extent, latitude, length, size, wideness, stretch, span, distance, abundance; antonym (n) narrowness, 2. width (genişlik); synonyms (n) breadth, dimension, thickness, measurement, depth, height, range, diameter; antonym (n) thinness, 3. most; synonyms (adv)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English nearly, greatly, nigh, virtually, (adj) almost, about, best, utmost, indeed, much, near, very, well, (n) majority, maximum; antonym (adv) least, 4. very (çok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) identical, considerably, exact, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat. endam figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher. endişe 1. anxiety; synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish, anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry, worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n) calmness, bravery, calm, confidence, 2. apprehension (anlayış, korku); synonyms (n) comprehension, dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, conception, detention, dismay, (adj) anxiety, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, 3. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, bother, matter, company, apprehension, firm, part, (v) affect, interest, import, involve, pertain; antonym (v) unconcern, 4. fear (korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) awe, consternation, fright, fearfulness, intimidation, panic, terror, diffidence, funk, phobia, respect, (v) reverence, affright, apprehend, revere; antonym (n) fearlessness, 5. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) torment, distress, tease, annoy, disturb, molest, vex, agitate, fret, harry, (n) harass, fuss, annoyance, sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure. endişelendirmek concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect, care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern. endişeli 1. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned, nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive, solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj) calm, 2. anxious; synonyms (adj) afraid, alarmed, tense, uneasy, distressed, fearful, frightened, keen, thoughtful, thirsty, insecure, jealous, careful, desirous, (v) jumpy; antonyms (adj) relaxed, carefree, confident, rational, unconcerned, undisturbed, untroubled, 3. fearful; synonyms (adj) cowardly, dreadful, awful, craven, terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome, alarming, dastardly, desperate; antonyms (adj) brave, bold, unimpressed, 4. concerned; synonyms (adj) interested, involved, considerate, worried, affected, attentive, caring, upset, distraught, paternal, sympathetic; antonyms (adj) uncaring, unfeeling, 5. worried; synonyms (adj) bothered, disturbed, unhappy, disquieted,

157

stressed, (v) afflicted, pained; antonym (adj) reassured. endüstri industry; synonyms (n) business, application, diligence, effort, industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, exertion, manufacture, commerce. endüstriyel industrial; synonyms (adj) technical, commercial, economic, manufactured, mechanical, business, capitalist, developed, entrepreneurial, occupational, professional, residential, scientific, technological, urban; antonym (adj) charitable. enerji 1. energy (güç); synonyms (n) animation, dash, force, life, spirit, determination, drive, effort, might, strength, vigor, vitality, capability, action, activity; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion, tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness, 2. steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas, 3. drive (sürmek); synonyms (n) ride, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry, constrain; antonym (n) inertia, 4. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) ability, potency, authority, control, agency, domination, intensity, effectiveness, effect, aptitude, (v) influence, dominion, faculty, capacity, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness. enerjik energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated, brisk, busy, driving, dynamic, effective, powerful, strong, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious, efficient, enterprising; antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, exhausted, inactive, indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, dull, indifferent, listless. enfeksiyon infection; synonyms (n) contagion, disease, contamination, taint, corruption, septicity, illness, inspiration, transmission, virus, bug, galvanism, (adj) pollution. enfes superb; synonyms (adj) splendid, beautiful, brilliant, magnificent, exquisite, gorgeous, excellent, glorious, grand, marvelous, rich, super, majestic, royal, fabulous; antonym (adj) awful. enflasyon inflation; synonyms (n) expansion, dilatation, increase, rise, boom, subtilization, appreciation, accumulation, augmentation, bombast, conceit, depression, euphemism, exaggeration, (adj) pretension; antonym (n) deflation. enformasyon information (bilgi); synonyms (n) advice, communication, data, evidence, note, enlightenment, report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info, instruction, intelligence, material, warning. engebeli uneven; synonyms (adj) rough, unequal, irregular, jagged, erratic, patchy, rugged, spotty, disproportionate, ragged, craggy, crooked, unbalanced, (v) broken, (n) harsh; antonyms (adj) even, smooth, straight, equal, symmetrical.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

158

Turkish - English

engel 1. barrier; synonyms (n) barricade, bar, bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction, rampart, restraint, block, boundary, fence, hindrance, impediment, obstacle, 2. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) band, stop, line, pub, snag, barrier, (v) ban, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, foreclose, confine, restrict; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 3. obstacle; synonyms (n) difficulty, drawback, check, hitch, interruption, deterrent, let, blockage, disadvantage, problem, rub, clog, discouragement, setback, (v) delay, 4. block (blok, tıkamak); synonyms (n) pad, cluster, blocking, chock, chunk, (v) hinder, encumber, halt, lock, parry, plug, blockade, choke, close, (adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 5. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, interrupt, catch, disrupt, dwell, finish, impede, intercept, pause, (n) hold, stay, end, cease, curb, (adj) quit; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, prolong, 6. let (izin vermek); synonyms (v) hire, admit, lease, leave, charter, have, rent, grant, authorize, cause, countenance, demise, get, give, suffer; antonyms (v) forbid, prevent, 7. check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, limit, agree, restrain, dampen, test, ascertain, assay, audit, contain, detain, (n) control, bill, cheque, crack, 8. hedge; synonyms (n) hedging, bush, hedgerow, (v) dodge, fudge, elude, evade, skirt, avoid, circumvent, duck, equivocate, pen, border, prevaricate, 9. drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, shamble, (n) pull, bother, bore, inhalation; antonym (v) push, 10. handicap; synonyms (n) disability, disablement, penalty, baulk, encumbrance, impairment, liability, odds, (v) hamper, embarrass, disable, cramp, burden, interfere, retard; antonyms (v) advantage, benefit.

engelleme 1. interference (girişim, karışma); synonyms (n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism, intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision, 2. inhibition; synonyms (n) check, prohibition, restraint, suppression, taboo, control, ban, constraint, arrest, forbiddance, repression, restriction, (v) interference, 3. detention; synonyms (n) delay, custody, confinement, apprehension, captivity, detainment, capture, detain, hold, imprisonment, incarceration, internment, prison, seizure, (v) keep; antonyms (n) freedom, release, 4. prevention; synonyms (n) avoidance, bar, exclusion, prenotion; antonym (n) success. engellemek 1. block (blok, tıkamak); synonyms (n) bar, barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder, encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug,

(adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 2. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) band, line, pub, snag,

fence, barrier, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, balk, dam, foreclose, confine, restrict; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 3. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered.

engelsiz clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict. engin 1. vast; synonyms (adj) huge, immense, large, spacious, boundless, colossal, enormous, extensive, gigantic, great, immeasurable, wide, unlimited, big, broad; antonyms (adj) limited, narrow, cramped, small, tiny, 2. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) roomy, comprehensive, ample, vast, capacious, expanded, extended, full, open, sweeping, deep, expansive, liberal, thick, blanket; antonyms (adj) thin, restricted. enjeksiyon injection; synonyms (n) shot, clyster, enema, inoculation, jab, vaccination, injectant, medicine. enkaz debris; synonyms (n) detritus, junk, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste, garbage, wreck, muck, remains, ruins, scrap, litter, (adj) rubble. enli 1. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample, comprehensive, extensive, general, large, sweeping, vast, free, big, blanket, capacious, deep, full, (n) female; antonyms (adj) narrow, specific, thin, 2. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, expanded, extended, open, expansive, liberal, thick, tolerant, huge, cavernous, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonym (adj) restricted. enstitü institute; synonyms (n) academy, (v) establish, found, build, constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin, bring, create, erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact. enstrüman instrument (alet, araç); synonyms (n) channel, deed, agency, apparatus, appliance, document, expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine, means, (v) implement. enstrümantal instrumental; synonyms (adj) conducive, helpful, implemental, useful, lyric, operatic, vocal, subservient, influential, profitable, inservient, instrumentary, organic, usable, active. entellektüel intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental, rational, learned, spiritual, academic, ideal, cultured, brilliant, clever, (n) intellect, brain, scholar, thinker, mind. entrika 1. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme, chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer, 2. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge, arrangement, device, diagram, method, project, schedule, figure, frame, maneuver, outline, (v) plot, devise, connive. envanter inventory; synonyms (n) list, catalogue, index, stock, catalog, account, enumeration, roll, schedule, bill, table, inventorying, listing, record, stocktaking. enzim enzyme; synonyms (n) catalyst, solution. epey 1. tidy; synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce, natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape, goodish, methodical, (v) clear, arrange, straighten, groom, neaten; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted, 2. quite; synonyms (adv) altogether, absolutely, all, completely, entirely, fully, sheer, exactly, enough, even, fairly, rather, right, stark, (adj) just; antonym (adv) extremely. er 1. soldier (asker); synonyms (n) fighter, warrior, champion, swordsman, adventurer, assassin, bottle, cutthroat, fencer, gangster, murderer, recruit, sworder, warfarer, airman, 2. private (özel); synonyms (adj) clandestine, confidential, personal, covert, hidden, individual, secret, inner, esoteric, exclusive, intimate, particular, domestic, interior, (v) close; antonyms (adj) public, communal, community, nationalized, official, state-owned, civic, shared, state. erdem 1. virtue; synonyms (n) chastity, honor, excellence, goodness, honesty, decency, morality, quality, probity, efficacy, good, modesty, potency, (adj) merit, attribute; antonyms (n) wickedness, guilt, 2. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert, virtue, significance, value, dignity, distinction, due, deserving, importance, meritoriousness, (v) deserve, earn, rate. erek 1. end (bitirmek, bitmek, son); synonyms (n) close, aim, closure, destination, conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, (v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence; antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, middle, (v) start, begin, continue, 2. target (amaç, hedef); synonyms (n) butt, goal, mark, objective, ambition, end, intent, focus, intention, prey, design, (v) point, purpose, direct, level, 3. aim (amaç, gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) plan, target, meaning, trend, will, bearing, direction, (v) address, endeavor, aspire, propose, strive, turn, attempt, (adj) tend, 4. goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) basket, aspiration, limit, home, mission, reason, wish, (v) bound. ergin mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult, aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young, sophomoric, (v) immature.

159

eril masculine; synonyms (adj) manly, manlike, virile, mankind, bold, cruel, adult, ape, beefcake, caveman, gallant, generative, hairy, honorable, (v) male; antonyms (adj) feminine, female. erim 1. range (alan); synonyms (n) area, array, compass, reach, scope, domain, (v) line, arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, 2. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, circle, circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit, boundary, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 3. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor. erime 1. fusion; synonyms (n) amalgamation, coalition, alliance, coalescence, combination, merger, unification, union, compound, amalgam, blend, mixture, synthesis, embodiment, alloy; antonym (n) separation, 2. solution (çözelti, çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply. erişim access (giriş); synonyms (n) admission, approach, entrance, entry, admittance, entree, gate, attack, doorway, entryway, fit, opening, outburst, passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit. erişme 1. attainment; synonyms (n) accomplishment, acquirement, achievement, gain, accession, completion, fulfillment, success, performance, fruition, obtainment, realization, skill, (v) acquisition; antonym (n) failure, 2. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, go, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent.

erişmek 1. extend (genişletmek, uzatmak); synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry, develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 2. access (giriş); synonyms (n) admission, approach, entrance, entry, admittance, entree, gate, attack, doorway, entryway, fit, opening, outburst, passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit. eriyik solution (çözelti, çözüm); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply. erk power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, agency, domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness. erke energy (enerji, güç); synonyms (n) animation, dash, force, life, spirit, determination, drive, effort, might, strength, vigor, vitality, capability, action,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

160

Turkish - English

activity; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion, tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness. erkek 1. man (adam, insan); synonyms (n) fellow, gentleman, guy, person, husband, homo, human, humanity, humankind, humans, individual, mankind, mortal, (obj) he, male; antonym (n) woman, 2. male; synonyms (adj) masculine, manly, virile, manful, manlike, (n) chap, man; antonyms (adj) feminine, (n) female, 3. he (o); synonyms (pron) cestui, (n) helium. erkeksi masculine; synonyms (adj) manly, manlike, virile, mankind, bold, cruel, adult, ape, beefcake, caveman, gallant, generative, hairy, honorable, (v) male; antonyms (adj) feminine, female. erken 1. early; synonyms (adj) initial, first, primitive, prompt, young, quick, embryonic, matutinal, old, original, past, precocious, (adv) betimes, soon, earlier; antonyms (adj) delayed, last-minute, slow, (adv) late, 2. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately, directly, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly, erelong, fast, speedily, afterward. eroin 1. horse (at, beygir); synonyms (n) cavalry, mount, buck, heroin, junk, knight, boar, cock, dog, drake, gander, hart, 2. heroin; synonyms (n) horse, scag, smack, diacetylmorphine, asshole, bastard, bull, bullshit, buncombe, bunk, bunkum, cocksucker, crap, damn, (adj) cocaine, 3. snow (kar); synonyms (n) coke, precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque, brig, cocain, ship, (v) beguile, overwhelm, bamboozle, hoodwink. erozyon erosion; synonyms (n) attrition, abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction, wear. erteleme 1. suspension; synonyms (n) delay, interruption, abeyance, break, intermission, pause, recess, respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment, postponement, reprieve, stay, rest, 2. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) halt, check, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart.

ertelemek 1. delay (gecikme, geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 2. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease, inhabit; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 3. continue (sürdürmek); synonyms (v) keep, persevere, sustain, be, extend, last, maintain, persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, live, (n) hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) end, discontinue. ertesi following; synonyms (adj) consequent, next, ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later, posterior,

succeeding, (v) consequential, (n) entourage, chase, followers, pursuit, (adv) under, after; antonym (adj) preceding. erzak 1. provisions; synonyms (n) food, commissariat, provender, supplies, victuals, fare, aliment, nourishment, feed, nutriment, sustenance, viands, clauses, nutrition, terms, 2. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give. es rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. eş 1. match (kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. wife (karı); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband, 3. equal (eşit); synonyms (adj) comparable, adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, alike, coordinate, corresponding, (v) match, compare, even, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v) differ, 4. mate; synonyms (n) associate, friend, colleague, wife, brother, buddy, chum, counterpart, crony, double, pal, (v) copulate, pair, checkmate, (adj) comrade, 5. companion (arkadaş); synonyms (n) assistant, acquaintance, attendant, escort, familiar, playmate, boyfriend, chaperon, follower, helper, lad, (v) accompany, company, (adj) ally, accomplice; antonym (n) enemy, 6. husband (koca); synonyms (n) hubby, man, master, baron, (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save, economise, 7. partner (ortak); synonyms (n) copartner, collaborator, confederate, accessory, cooperator, pardner, teammate, partaker, participator, coadjutor, (v) neogamist, 8. fellow (adam); synonyms (n) boy, chap, dude, dog, beau, blighter, confrere, cuss, fella, feller, guy, swain, buster, gent, (v) concomitant, 9. pair (çift); synonyms (n) brace, duet, duo, dyad, coupling, couplet, duad, team, two, twosome, (v) join, link, equate, twin, (adj) doublet, 10. spouse. esans 1. essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma, being, crux, gist, perfume, hypostasis, body, burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, 2. scent; synonyms (n) smell, bouquet, essence, redolence, odour, savor, flavor, flavour, incense, clue, trail, (v) odor, nose, wind, (adj) smoke. eşantiyon sample (örnek); synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test.

esas 1. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. intrinsic; synonyms (adj) inherent, immanent, inborn, internal, constitutional, essential, integral, intimate, intrinsical, native, peculiar, interior, fundamental, instinctive, innate; antonym (adj) extrinsic, 3. basis; synonyms (n) base, gist, bed, beginning, footing, root, cause, cornerstone, derivation, justification, nucleus, reason, motive, essence, argument, 4. element; synonyms (n) component, constituent, ingredient, factor, substance, feature, matter, origin, part, unit, module, point, article, body, detail, 5. basic (temel); synonyms (adj) first, cardinal, initial, primary, primordial, basal, central, introductory, key, necessary, plain, primitive, simple, vital, (n) staple; antonyms (adj) secondary, complex, extra, minor, 6. foundation (temel); synonyms (n) creation, establishment, foot, institution, principle, support, fundament, grounds, groundwork, initiation, substructure, warrant, construction, core, formation, 7. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, expert, 8. essence; synonyms (n) entity, aroma, being, crux, perfume, hypostasis, burden, extract, fragrance, heart, kernel, nub, odor, scent, spirit, 9. substance; synonyms (n) import, material, meaning, significance, subject, amount, means, quintessence, implication, content, element, marrow, meat, strength, stuff; antonym (n) triviality, 10. ultimate; synonyms (adj) last, conclusive, final, end, supreme, definitive, decisive, elemental, extreme, farthest, furthest, eventual, ending, finishing, (n) maximum; antonym (adj) opening. esasen 1. essentially; synonyms (adv) basically, fundamentally, substantially, primarily, principally, naturally, inherently, radically, really, significantly, absolutely, chiefly, decidedly, mainly, (adj) intrinsically, 2. substantially; synonyms (adv) considerably, well, materially, firmly, amply, generously, markedly, noticeably, (adj) practically, virtually; antonym (adv) slightly. esaslı essential; synonyms (adj) necessary, crucial, important, inherent, requisite, constituent, basic, elementary, fundamental, natural, central, constitutional, (n) necessity, base, (v) imperative; antonyms (adj) minor, secondary, (n) inessential, optional, option, unimportant, peripheral, luxury. eşcinsel homosexual; synonyms (adj) dykey, (n) gay, lesbian, homo, dyke, human, man, queen.

161

eşdeğer equivalent; synonyms (adj) equal, comparable, alike, analogous, even, corresponding, identical, like, matching, same, equipollent, commensurate, (n) counterpart, match, (v) consideration; antonyms (adj) unlike, (n) different, dissimilar. esef regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent, (n) grief, compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, disappointment. eser 1. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, 2. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 3. production (üretim); synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition. eşik 1. threshold; synonyms (n) brink, limen, beginning, doorsill, doorstep, entrance, entry, outset, doorway, edge, vestibule, border, limit, door, porch, 2. verge (kenar); synonyms (n) boundary, margin, rim, bound, brim, confine, side, skirt, threshold, fringe, edging, term, bounds, (v) bend, hem. esin inspiration; synonyms (n) afflatus, infusion, breath, encouragement, idea, incentive, inhalation, revelation, genius, notion, aspiration, enthusiasm, impulse, (v) illumination, impression. esinti 1. breeze; synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow, flurry, gale, rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move, 2. breath (nefes, soluk); synonyms (n) spirit, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash, flatus, instant, jiffy, respite, trice, twinkling, whiff, (adj) whisper. esir 1. prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive, hostage, accused, criminal, defendant, 2. capture; synonyms (v) bag, catch, take, apprehend, captivate, carry, ensnare, get, seize, bewitch, acquire, beguile, (n) arrest, seizure, apprehension; antonyms (v) release, surrender. esirgemek spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. eşit 1. equal; synonyms (adj) agree, comparable, adequate, balanced, commensurate, equivalent, (v) match, compare, correspond, even, parallel, rival, equalize, (n) compeer, peer; antonyms (adj) unequal, different, repressive, disproportionate, inconsistent, uneven, unlike, (v) differ, 2. even (çift, hatta); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, constant, equable, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, clear, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) irregular, jagged, 3. equivalent (eşdeğer);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

162

Turkish - English

synonyms (adj) alike, analogous, corresponding, like, matching, same, equipollent, akin, reciprocal, related, similar, tantamount, (n) counterpart, eq, (v) consideration; antonym (n) dissimilar. eşitlemek compensate; synonyms (v) balance, pay, recompense, reimburse, counterbalance, recoup, remunerate, repay, reward, cover, correct, expiate, indemnify, offset, redeem. eşitlik 1. equality; synonyms (n) equivalence, balance, identity, parity, evenness, likeness, par, sameness, equal, analogy, correspondence, equation, similarity; antonyms (n) inequality, disparity, difference, 2. par; synonyms (n) average, equality, mean, norm, (adj) median, 3. equation (denklem); synonyms (n) equalization, formula, compensation, equating, proportion, ratio. eşitsizlik inequality; synonyms (n) disparity, difference, disproportion, dissimilitude, injustice, variance, variation, discrepancy, imbalance, inequity, unevenness, unfairness, (adj) odds; antonyms (n) equality, justice, parity. eski 1. old; synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly, experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit, hoary, mature, past; antonyms (adj) new, young, modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful, 2. former (önceki); synonyms (adv) before, (adj) antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, foregoing, previous, prior, deceased, preceding, foremost, primary, departed, gone, (n) predecessor; antonym (adj) future, 3. ancient; synonyms (adj) old, primitive, olden, antediluvian, dated, older, outmoded, prehistoric, primeval, primordial, rusty, historical, (n) elder, senior, 4. early (erken); synonyms (adj) initial, first, prompt, quick, embryonic, matutinal, precocious, preliminary, premature, prime, untimely, advance, (adv) betimes, soon, timely; antonyms (adj) delayed, last-minute, slow, (adv) late, 5. used; synonyms (adj) secondhand, exploited, accustomed, depleted, exhausted, faded, habituated, hand-me-down, spent, threadbare, tried, victimised, victimized, wont, recycled; antonyms (adj) pristine, spanking, unused, 6. late (geç); synonyms (adj) dead, behindhand, belated, tardy, dull, defunct, posthumous, erstwhile, advanced, later, (adv) dilatory, backward, belatedly, lately, latterly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual, 7. sometime; synonyms (adv) someday, once, sometimes, formerly, (adj) quondam. eskiden 1. once; synonyms (adv) formerly, before, erstwhile, previously, already, erst, sometime, when, (n) whilom, (adj) former, 2. formerly; synonyms (adv) earlier, aforetime, first, once, afore, beforehand, originally, sometimes.

eskime wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. eskimiş worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj) haggard, shabby, tired, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn, jaded, exhausted, fatigued, careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, new. eşleştirmek match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict. eşlik company; synonyms (n) companionship, society, association, band, business, cohort, collection, brigade, assemblage, bevy, caller, club, companion, corps, (v) accompany; antonym (n) solitude. esmek blow (üflemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save. esmerleşmek brown (kahverengi); synonyms (adj) chocolate, swarthy, tanned, (n) brunette, brownness, tan, (v) sear, cook, fry; antonym (adj) pale. esnek flexible; synonyms (adj) elastic, adaptable, pliable, yielding, lissome, pliant, soft, supple, facile, adjustable, bendable, compliant, ductile, flexile, lithe; antonyms (adj) inflexible, rigid, fixed, obstinate, stiff, stubborn. esneklik 1. flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability, spring, adaptability, elasticity, suppleness, litheness, malleability, tractability, versatility, bendability; antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy, rigidity, stubbornness, severity, 2. give (vermek); synonyms (v) allow, bestow, extend, accord, commit, donate, contribute, convey, deliver, dispense, endow, grant, present, yield, administer; antonyms (v) withdraw, take, withhold, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. esnemek yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return, give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford; antonyms (v) resist, persevere. esrar 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum, arcanum, enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle, secrecy, craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle, whodunit, cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness, explanation, 2. grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 3. shit (bok); synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker, dump,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure. esrarengiz mysterious; synonyms (adj) hidden, inscrutable, deep, eerie, incomprehensible, inexplicable, abstruse, arcane, cryptic, dark, obscure, secret, clandestine, concealed, covert; antonyms (adj) known, straightforward, apparent, normal. esrarlı secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult, secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n) known, public. eşsiz unique (benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj) singular, only, odd, extraordinary, individual, solitary, alone, peculiar, distinct, distinctive, exceptional, incomparable, inimitable, matchless, rare; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring. estetik aesthetic; synonyms (adj) esthetic, aesthetical, esthetical, artistic, perceptive, sentient, affective, beauty, conscious, cultured, decorative, deep, graceful, intense, invigorating. eşya 1. goods; synonyms (n) cargo, freight, belongings, commodity, merchandise, product, estate, chattels, commodities, effects, produce, property, stuff, wealth, load, 2. furniture; synonyms (n) equipment, appointments, goods, fitting, movable, thing, movables, upholstery, apparatus, apparel, appurtenances, attire, clothes, deed, (v) garniture, 3. commodity; synonyms (n) article, object, ware, something, valuable, accommodation, advantage, asset, belonging, benefit, chattel, commodiousness, convenience, interest, profit, 4. article; synonyms (n) section, chapter, clause, composition, discourse, entity, essay, feature, paper, report, review, story, passage, condition, dissertation, 5. gear; synonyms (n) outfit, tackle, device, dress, baggage, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, wheel, garb, furniture, (v) harness, equip. et 1. meat; synonyms (n) flesh, core, essence, food, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, substance, crux, matter, beef, brawn, stuff, content, 2. flesh; synonyms (n) mortality, anatomy, chassis, figure, form, frame, humanity, mankind, meat, muscle, pulp, shape, (adj) carnality, concupiscence, lust. etap 1. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 2. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset. etek 1. skirt; synonyms (n) border, edge, brim, flap, kilt, apron, margin, (v) fringe, circumvent, evade, hem, elude, sidestep, verge, dodge, 2. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil,

163

knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset. eteklik skirt (etek); synonyms (n) border, edge, brim, flap, kilt, apron, margin, (v) fringe, circumvent, evade, hem, elude, sidestep, verge, dodge. etik ethics; synonyms (n) morality, morals, conscience, behavior, philosophy, code, dignity, ethology, ideology, principle, principles, scruples, standards, tradition, values. etiket 1. label; synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark, call, classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify, 2. ticket (bilet); synonyms (n) pass, card, label, certificate, ballot, slate, warrant, slip, voucher, plank, platform, price, vote, (v) fine. etiketlemek 1. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark, call, classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify, 2. ticket (bilet); synonyms (n) pass, card, label, certificate, ballot, slate, warrant, slip, voucher, plank, platform, price, vote, (v) fine. etken 1. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker, deputy, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, delegate, doer, envoy, intermediary, (v) actor, 2. factor (çarpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent, component, divisor, element, ingredient, part, consideration, feature, parameter, point, item, steward, dividend, fact, (adj) constituent. etki 1. action (eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, (v) achievement; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 2. influence; synonyms (n) force, authority, control, domination, charm, command, hold, impact, (v) affect, determine, dispose, incline, bias, direct, govern, 3. effect (sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do, bring, carry, execute; antonym (n) reason, 4. impact; synonyms (n) hit, shock, blow, clash, collision, crash, impingement, impression, influence, touch, bang, concussion, jolt, (v) contact, ram, 5. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, enforce, impetus, impulse, power, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 6. efficacy; synonyms (n) effectiveness, potency, capability, efficaciousness, efficiency, utility, might, usefulness, validity, vigor, virtue, (v) weight; antonyms (n) inefficacy, inefficiency, 7. impression (izlenim); synonyms (n) belief, conception, feeling, idea, imprint, depression, image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, feel,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

164

Turkish - English

impress, opinion, printing, 8. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 9. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, hale, lure, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel. etkilemek 1. affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act, fake, feign, impress, pretend, strike, concern, dispose, dissemble, hit, influence, involve, lead, 2. grip (kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v) grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 3. influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority, control, domination, charm, command, impact, (v) affect, determine, effect, incline, bias, direct, govern, importance, 4. impress; synonyms (v) imprint, mark, print, inscribe, instill, emboss, dent, inculcate, amaze, dazzle, engrave, (n) stamp, impression, press, emblem, 5. operate (işletmek); synonyms (v) function, run, employ, go, manage, perform, proceed, work, maneuver, exercise, fly, behave, do, drive, engage, 6. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) carry, excite, impel, instigate, travel, flow, bear, disturb, actuate, agitate, arouse, (n) motion, transfer, advance, change; antonym (v) stay, 7. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden, disquiet, (v) worry, care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 8. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, chair, conduce, bring, convey, give, show, (n) clue, advantage, hint, leash, (adj) front; antonym (v) follow, 9. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, play, statute, decree, feat, law, performance, activity, (v) achievement, deed, acquit, enact, operate, commit; antonym (v) refrain, 10. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, rap, smash, (v) bang, beat, slap, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin, collide, mint, 11. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, tap, tincture, (v) contact, border, adjoin, stroke, brush, meet, reach, taste, tint, allude. etkilenmemiş unaffected; synonyms (adj) simple, artless, sincere, genuine, natural, plain, real, unimpressed, ingenuous, honest, naive, unsophisticated, untouched, chaste, impervious; antonym (adj) affected. etkileşim interaction; synonyms (n) interplay, contact, correlation, communication, mutuality, affairs, associations, dealings, interworking, relations, relationships, association, consultation, interdependence, relationship.

etkileşimli interactive; synonyms (adj) interactional, mutual, synergistic, synergetic. etkileyici 1. impressive; synonyms (adj) forcible, effective, commanding, imposing, powerful, striking, awesome, efficacious, exciting, formidable, influential, massive, memorable, (n) grand, noble; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, ordinary, weak, 2. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj) dignified, grandiose, stately, distinguished, baronial, lofty, regal, exalted, royal, eminent, magnificent, majestic, (n) solemn, grave, 3. dramatic; synonyms (adj) spectacular, theatrical, scenic, sensational, sudden, thespian; antonyms (adj) gradual, undramatic, 4. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, important, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, inoperative. etkili 1. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative, 2. telling; synonyms (adj) significant, revealing, effective, emphatic, impressive, pregnant, cogent, powerful, potent, trenchant, graphic, vivid, (n) recounting, relation, notice, 3. influential; synonyms (adj) dominant, forcible, predominant, prevailing, considerable, eminent, big, energetic, grave, prominent, convincing, dynamic, major, (v) important; antonyms (adj) insignificant, minor, unconvincing, 4. potent; synonyms (adj) influential, hard, mighty, persuasive, lusty, stiff, vigorous, firm, heady, robust, hardy, intense, muscular, great, stout; antonym (adj) impotent, 5. powerful; synonyms (adj) brawny, full, deep, formidable, hefty, sturdy, valid, husky, athletic, fit, herculean, nervous, noisy, puissant, (n) fierce; antonyms (adj) powerless, mild. etkililik effectiveness; synonyms (n) efficacy, effect, strength, result, powerfulness, effectivity, effectuality, effectualness, force, influence, potency, success, usefulness, utility, validity; antonyms (n) uselessness, inefficiency, ineffectiveness. etkin 1. active; synonyms (adj) energetic, alert, busy, diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble, strong, agile, alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible, healthy; antonyms (adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish, idle, latent, lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet, 2. effective; synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, important, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative. etkinleştirme activation; synonyms (n) activating, start, initiation, launch, awakening,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English commencement, creation, energizing, establishment, foundation, inauguration, opening, spur, instigation, introduction. etkinlik 1. activity (faaliyet); synonyms (n) action, activeness, exercise, liveliness, play, job, agency, agility, diligence, energy, enterprise, industry, life, movement, occupation; antonyms (n) inactivity, inaction, inactiveness, 2. efficiency (verim, verimlilik); synonyms (n) capability, effectiveness, ability, efficacy, effect, capacity, aptitude, output, potency, proficiency, ease; antonyms (n) inefficiency, incompetence, largeness. etkisiz 1. ineffective; synonyms (adj) empty, incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate, ineffectual, inefficient, null, fruitless, incapable, powerless, unable, useless, worthless, feckless; antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful, 2. inefficient; synonyms (adj) ineffective, inefficacious, feeble, inactive, inept, insufficient, unfit, lame; antonym (adj) efficient. etmek 1. do (yapmak); synonyms (v) act, cheat, commit, accomplish, complete, conduct, perform, achieve, make, practice, defraud, answer, arrange, (n) function, occasion; antonyms (v) neglect, unmake, 2. make (yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 3. render; synonyms (v) afford, interpret, explain, furnish, offer, pay, construe, depict, impart, provide, return, translate, yield, cede, concede, 4. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) aggregate, all, absolute, entire, gross, downright, general, (n) whole, amount, sum, tally, entirety, (v) count, number, figure; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified. etmen 1. factor (çarpan); synonyms (n) agent, component, broker, divisor, element, ingredient, part, deputy, consideration, feature, parameter, point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent, 2. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, ambassador, attorney, channel, doer, envoy, intermediary, means, procurator, surrogate, (v) actor. etnik ethnic; synonyms (adj) national, ethnical, heathen, pagan, cultural, gentile, social, ancestral, clannish, family, indigenous, native, traditional. etraf surroundings; synonyms (n) medium, atmosphere, environment, environs, setting, habitat, neighborhood, milieu, scene, ambiance, background, situation, surround, vicinity, ambience. etrafına around; synonyms (adv) about, approximately, almost, round, roughly, nearly, some, somewhere, (prep) encompassing, encircling, circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity. etrafında 1. around; synonyms (adv) about, approximately, almost, round, roughly, nearly,

165

some, somewhere, (prep) encompassing, encircling, circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity, 2. round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, cycle, (v) compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp. etraflı comprehensive; synonyms (adj) capacious, broad, extensive, inclusive, complete, detailed, exhaustive, full, large, overall, sweeping, thorough, total, universal, wide; antonyms (adj) narrow, partial, noncomprehensive, restricted.

ettirmek get (almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave. ev 1. house (mesken); synonyms (n) family, home, dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, building, edifice, habitation, housing, establishment, structure, ancestry, (v) accommodate, lodge, 2. home; synonyms (n) fireside, house, base, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, fatherland, habitat, lodging, land, environment, (adj) domestic, internal, 3. family (aile); synonyms (n) descent, name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus, kin, lineage, people, stock, species, birth, blood, category, 4. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment, arrangement, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, adjustment, agreement, colonization, liquidation, village, 5. residence; synonyms (n) occupancy, mansion, manse, abidance, apartment, hall, residency, digs, lodgings, settlement, quarters, seat, parsonage, presence, rectory. evcil domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil, familiar, household, internal, native, domesticated, family, indigenous, indoor, inland, (n) homely, maid, servant; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild, external. evde home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family, habitation, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic. eve home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family, habitation, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic. evet 1. yes; synonyms (int) surely, (n) consent, acceptance, nod, (adv) ay, yea, certainly, positively, precisely, (v) acquiesce, agree, allow, grovel, (adj) obedient, submissive, 2. yeah; synonyms (int) hurrah, hurray, yippee. evlendirmek 1. marry; synonyms (v) join, link, conjoin, splice, tie, unite, wive, couple, combine, merge, connect, unify, match, (n) espouse, wed; antonym (v) divorce, 2. tie (bağlamak, kravat);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

166

Turkish - English

synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, strap, string, (v) bond, attach, bind, knot, fasten, leash; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo. evlenme 1. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. marriage; synonyms (n) wedding, matrimony, espousal, nuptial, union, wedlock, alliance, coupling, bond, nuptials, (adj) bridal, (v) match; antonyms (n) divorce, separation. evlenmek marry (evlendirmek); synonyms (v) join, link, conjoin, splice, tie, unite, wive, couple, combine, merge, connect, unify, match, (n) espouse, wed; antonym (v) divorce. evlenmemiş unmarried; synonyms (adj) single, unwedded, sole, alone, individual, separate; antonyms (adj) married, attached, marital. evler housing; synonyms (n) habitation, casing, dwelling, lodging, abode, accommodation, caparison, apartment, domicile, accommodations, household, housings, place, quarters, residence; antonym (adj) business. evli married; synonyms (adj) marital, wedded, conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial; antonyms (adj) single, unmarried. evlilik marriage; synonyms (n) wedding, matrimony, espousal, nuptial, union, wedlock, alliance, coupling, bond, nuptials, (adj) bridal, (v) match; antonyms (n) divorce, separation. evliya saint; synonyms (n) angel, apostle, apotheosis, disciple, evangelist, ideal, nonesuch, nonpareil, nonsuch, paragon, (v) canonize, enshrine. evre 1. phase (faz, safha); synonyms (n) aspect, stage, facet, chapter, grade, circumstance, condition, degree, appearance, form, leg, level, period, side, situation, 2. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena, layer, gradation, set, stadium, height, dais, (v) present, order, mount, play, arrange. evren 1. universe; synonyms (n) nature, creation, world, cosmos, population, macrocosm, space, globe, existence, 2. creation; synonyms (n) production, composition, invention, conception, construction, creature, fabrication, formation, foundation, founding, piece, product, universe, work, innovation; antonyms (n) destruction, end, 3. system (sistem); synonyms (n) method, arrangement, network, organization, plan, order, means, structure, process, form, frame, rule, establishment, mode, organisation, 4. world (dünya); synonyms (n) public, sphere, society, realm, humanity, life, mankind, people, orb, folk, ball, being, (adj) global, power, volume.

evrensel 1. universal; synonyms (adj) general, ecumenical, global, common, international, worldwide, public, ubiquitous, comprehensive, oecumenical, widespread, cosmopolitan, generic, ordinary, pervasive; antonyms (adj) local, specific, 2. global; synonyms (adj) overall, universal, earthly, total, globose, globular, inclusive, orbicular, planetary, spheric, spherical, terrestrial, world, sweeping; antonym (adj) national, 3. worldwide; synonym (adj) intercontinental. evrim evolution; synonyms (n) development, growth, expansion, movement, process, progress, evolvement, change, mutation, advance, alteration, modification, progression, (v) operation, elimination; antonym (n) deterioration. evrimsel evolutionary; synonym (n) evolutionist. evvel 1. before (önce, önünde); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind, after, afterward, 2. ago; synonyms (adv) formerly, erst, since, back, over, backwards, afterwards, erewhile, syne, whilom, contrarily, reflexively, (adj) past, agone. evvelce previously; synonyms (adv) before, already, beforehand, antecedently, earlier, formerly, once, fore, ahead. eyalet 1. state (devlet, durum); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 2. province (il); synonyms (n) district, field, county, land, domain, region, colony, duty, area, function, line, sphere, territory, commonwealth, (v) department. eyer saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) charge, burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen, lumber. eyerlemek saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) charge, burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen, lumber. eylem 1. action (etki, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, activity, agency, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, (v) achievement; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 2. deed (iş); synonyms (n) feat, action, exploit, covenant, document, doing, effort, fact, title, certificate, do, job, measure, move, paper, 3. activity (etkinlik, faaliyet); synonyms (n) activeness, exercise, liveliness, agility, diligence, energy, enterprise, industry, life, occupation, vigor, work, enthusiasm, excitement, line; antonym (n) inactiveness. eyvah alas; synonyms (int) lackaday, (adv) regrettably, unfortunately, unluckily, sadly, unhappily.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ezgi strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. ezici overwhelming; synonyms (adj) overpowering, devastating, irresistible, insurmountable, crushing, monumental, amazing, astounding, tremendous, awesome, breathtaking, consuming, formidable, impossible, intense; antonym (adj) imperceptible. eziyet 1. torture; synonyms (n) torment, distress, pain, agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief, misery, (v) rack, afflict, agonize, excruciate, persecute, martyr, 2. punishment (ceza); synonyms (n) discipline, correction, penalty, penance, chastisement, fine, rebuke, retribution, reward, execution, judgment, retaliation, payment, reprimand, revenge. ezmek stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note.

F faal 1. busy (meşgul); synonyms (adj) active, brisk, assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile, crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, live, diligent, earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj) idle, free, inactive, 2. energetic; synonyms (adj) animated, busy, driving, dynamic, effective, powerful, strong, emphatic, aggressive, efficacious, efficient, enterprising, forceful, forcible, hearty; antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, exhausted, indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, dull, indifferent, listless, 3. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) energetic, alert, lively, nimble, alive, healthy, mercurial, quick, spirited, sprightly, vigorous, vivacious, vivid, operational, (v) smart; antonyms (adj) dormant, latent, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet. faaliyet 1. activity (etkinlik); synonyms (n) action, activeness, exercise, liveliness, play, job, agency, agility, diligence, energy, enterprise, industry, life, movement, occupation; antonyms (n) inactivity, inaction, inactiveness, 2. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, activity, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, performance, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, (v) achievement, combat, 3. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) pastime, enact, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, wager, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol, romp; antonym (v) work. fabrika 1. factory; synonyms (n) manufactory, mill, plant, business, shop, works, 2. plant (bitki); synonyms (n) equipment, factory, herb, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found, lay, bury, cultivate, appoint, 3. works; synonyms

(n) workings, deeds,

167

4. mill; synonyms (n) grind, grinder, machine, engine, gin, notch, implement, instrument, lathe, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj) cent. fabrikatör manufacturer; synonyms (n) maker, builder, artificer, creator, shaper, producer, artist. facia 1. tragedy (trajedi); synonyms (n) catastrophe, calamity, disaster, misfortune, play, cataclysm, drama, bale; antonym (n) humor, 2. disaster (yıkım); synonyms (n) accident, adversity, blow, casualty, debacle, destruction, fiasco, misadventure, affliction, curse, bane, distress, evil, failure, flop; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy. fahiş 1. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual, 2. unreasonable; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, extravagant, immoderate, undue, preposterous, illogical, inordinate, irrational, ridiculous, senseless, silly, unconscionable, unfair, impossible; antonyms (adj) reasonable, good-natured. fahri 1. honorary; synonyms (adj) complimentary, unpaid, voluntary, unbought, honorarium, nominal, (adv) amateur, 2. voluntary; synonyms (adj) spontaneous, optional, deliberate, gratuitous, intentional, unforced, willing, willful, elective, (n) volunteer; antonyms (adj) involuntary, compulsory, forced, instinctive. faiz interest (ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal, affect; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore. fakat but (ama, ancak); synonyms (conj) while, (adv) alone, only, though, barely, however, merely, simply, yet, exclusively, if, just, (prep) besides, except, excluding. fakir poor (fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good. fakirlik 1. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, demand, destitution, indigence, necessity, penury; antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 2. poverty (yoksulluk); synonyms (n) distress, want, impoverishment, pauperism, squalor, neediness, poorness, privation, shortage, barrenness, inadequacy, hardship, meagerness, misery, (adj) difficulty; antonyms (n) wealth, riches. faks fax; synonyms (n) autotype, (v) facsimile, telefax. faktör factor (çarpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent, component, broker, divisor, element, ingredient,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

168

Turkish - English

part, deputy, consideration, feature, parameter, point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent. fakülte 1. faculty; synonyms (n) capacity, aptitude, capability, endowment, bent, facility, power, staff, flair, efficiency, aptness, (adj) ability, cleverness, talent, (v) gift; antonym (n) inability, 2. college; synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy, association, institute, society, institution, university, (adj) academic. familya family (aile); synonyms (n) descent, household, name, breed, brood, clan, class, genus, house, kin, lineage, people, (adj) home, ancestry, domestic. fantastik fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, extraordinary, antic, extravagant, grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, (n) fanciful, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary, real. fantezi fantasy; synonyms (n) dream, fancy, illusion, delusion, mirage, desire, fad, fiction, hallucination, invention, reverie, vision, imaginativeness, deception, (adj) make-believe; antonyms (n) reality, (adj) real. fare mouse; synonyms (n) track, trail, hunt, trace, coward, bruise, (v) sneak, creep, steal, snoop, seek, abstract, cabbage, cower, crawl. fark 1. difference; synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change, contention, controversy, disagreement, distinction, discord, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, departure, balance, breach; antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance, sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence, 2. odds; synonyms (n) advantage, chance, likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v) difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 3. contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) contrariety, antithesis, comparison, variation, collation, opposite, line, (v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint, differentiate, (adj) vary, 4. differentiation; synonyms (n) contrast, demarcation, discrimination, specialization, disparity, diorism, separation, inactivation, (v) division, addition, approximation, equations, estimation, evolution, interpolation, 5. distinction; synonyms (n) eminence, rank, celebrity, prestige, reputation, consequence, differentiation, excellence, fame, name, note, renown, credit, decoration, brilliance. farkında 1. alive (canlı); synonyms (adj) active, live, living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate, 2. aware; synonyms (adj) attentive, conscious, heedful, mindful, vigilant, sentient, alert, enlightened, knowing, knowledgeable,

observant, wary, watchful, appreciative, apprised; antonyms (adj) unaware, unconscious. farklı 1. different (başka); synonyms (adj) another, assorted, dissimilar, unusual, various, alien, alternative, discrete, distinct, diverse, foreign, fresh, miscellaneous, new, opposite; antonyms (adj) similar, corresponding, equal, identical, like, typical, 2. distinct (ayrı); synonyms (adj) clear, articulate, different, apparent, definite, distinctive, palpable, decided, marked, plain, tangible, clearcut, audible, (prep) separate, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) indistinct, unclear, vague, inaudible, shapeless, 3. varied; synonyms (adj) mixed, diversified, sundry, heterogeneous, manifold, motley, many, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform. farklılık 1. inequality; synonyms (n) disparity, difference, disproportion, dissimilitude, injustice, variance, variation, discrepancy, imbalance, inequity, unevenness, unfairness, (adj) odds; antonyms (n) equality, justice, parity, 2. difference (fark); synonyms (n) conflict, deviation, change, contention, controversy, disagreement, distinction, discord, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, departure, balance, breach, (v) differentiate; antonyms (n) correspondence, resemblance, sameness, similarity, agreement, concurrence, 3. variety (varyete); synonyms (n) kind, sort, species, form, style, type, breed, diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, range, strain, assortment, (adj) class; antonym (n) uniformity. farksız indifferent (ilgisiz, kayıtsız); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised. farmason mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason, stonemason, architect, artificer, artist, maker, manufacturer, smith, carpenter. farz assumption; synonyms (n) presumption, supposition, hypothesis, premise, adoption, arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion, conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion. farzetmek 1. say (demek, söylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare, voice, 2. suppose (sanmak); synonyms (v) believe, guess, infer, assume, conjecture, consider, divine, estimate, imagine, presume, reckon, speculate, calculate, conceive, expect. faşizm fascism; synonyms (n) dictatorship, despotism, oppression, totalitarianism, tyranny, absolutism, bureaucracy, demagogy, racism, regimentation, repression; antonym (n) democracy.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English fatih victor; synonyms (n) conqueror, champion, winner, master, champ, superior; antonym (n) loser. fatura bill (gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list. favori favourite; synonyms (adj) favored, (n) favorite, darling, ducky, pet, dearie, deary, blaze, ingle, fire, fireplace, flame, paramour. fay fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength. fayda 1. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm, 2. service (hizmet); synonyms (n) employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, utility, agency, ministry, homage, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, attendance, repair, 3. use (kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom, practice, benefit, habit, application, function, (v) exercise, employ, expend, exploit, occupy, operate, spend, exert, (adj) usage; antonym (v) conserve, 4. advantage (avantaj, üstünlük, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, account, expediency, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, convenience, leverage, preference, superiority, usefulness, vantage; antonyms (n) detriment, difficulty, 5. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, advance, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n) earnings, acquisition; antonym (v) lose, 6. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, generous, (n) benign; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 7. usefulness; synonyms (n) practicality, effectiveness, efficacy, value, handiness, importance, point, (adj) worth, merit; antonym (n) uselessness, 8. utility; synonyms (n) purpose, helpfulness, serviceableness, (adj) functional. faydalı 1. beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous, favorable, fruitful, handy, profitable, useful, expedient, gainful, good, healthy, productive, propitious, salutary, serviceable, wholesome; antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful, 2. helpful; synonyms (adj) beneficial, friendly, beneficent, convenient, accommodating, constructive, instrumental, kindly, obliging, valuable, auspicious, generous, rewarding, (n) benevolent, (v) adjuvant; antonyms (adj) unhelpful,

169

uncooperative, worthless, 3. profitable; synonyms (adj) helpful, lucrative, desirable, economic, fat,

edifying, fertile, commercial, moneymaking, usable, worthwhile; antonyms (adj) unprofitable, dependent, 4. useful; synonyms (adj) practical, effective, functional, clever, efficient, suitable, comfortable, important, practicable, proper, sound, dexterous, effectual, meaningful, positive; antonym (adj) ineffective. faydasız useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful, helpful, competent, effective, convenient, necessary, valuable. faz phase (evre, safha); synonyms (n) aspect, stage, facet, chapter, grade, circumstance, condition, degree, appearance, form, leg, level, period, side, situation. fazilet 1. merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert, virtue, goodness, quality, significance, value, dignity, distinction, due, (v) deserve, earn, rate, (adj) excellence, 2. virtue (erdem); synonyms (n) chastity, honor, honesty, decency, morality, probity, efficacy, good, modesty, potency, strength, innocence, integrity, (adj) merit, attribute; antonyms (n) wickedness, guilt. fazla 1. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup, 2. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, likewise, besides, excessively, over, overly, further, furthermore, moreover, extremely, equally, and, unduly, similarly, 3. much (çok); synonyms (adv) greatly, frequently, almost, awfully, considerably, far, most, often, pretty, highly, (n) lot, heap, (adj) great, considerable, practically; antonym (adv) slightly, 4. extra; synonyms (adj) odd, auxiliary, other, redundant, spare, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement, accessory, plus, supernumerary, addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack, 5. excess; synonyms (adj) superfluous, (n) surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora, abundance, exaggeration, glut, overabundance, overindulgence, overplus, remainder, rest, superfluity, surfeit; antonyms (n) shortage, restraint, moderation, dearth, shortfall. fazladan extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, auxiliary, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement, accessory, excess, plus, supernumerary, addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack. fazlalık 1. excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional, (n) surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora, abundance, exaggeration, glut, overabundance, overindulgence, overplus, remainder, rest, superfluity; antonyms (n) lack, shortage, restraint,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

170

Turkish - English

moderation, dearth, shortfall, 2. surplus; synonyms (adj) superfluous, odd, redundant, spare, unnecessary, residual, (n) excess, balance, surfeit, remnant, overflow, leftover, residue, nimiety, (adv) over; antonyms (n) necessary, scarcity. feci 1. disastrous; synonyms (adj) calamitous, destructive, dire, fateful, deplorable, bad, catastrophic, fatal, sad, sinister, terrible, unfortunate, unlucky, untoward, (v) ruinous; antonyms (adj) fortunate, successful, 2. tragic; synonyms (adj) disastrous, dreadful, grievous, tragical, woeful, comic, heartbreaking, histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous. federal federal; synonyms (adj) national, union, confederate, federative, central, public, united, (n) fed. federasyon federation; synonyms (n) alliance, association, coalition, confederacy, combination, confederation, league, organization, union, commonwealth, consolidation, society. felaket 1. disaster (yıkım); synonyms (n) calamity, catastrophe, accident, adversity, blow, casualty, cataclysm, debacle, destruction, fiasco, misadventure, misfortune, affliction, curse, bane; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy, 2. tragedy (trajedi); synonyms (n) disaster, play, drama, bale; antonym (n) humor. felç stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow. felek destiny; synonyms (n) fate, chance, fortune, kismet, luck, destination, lot, portion, weird, accident, circumstances, (v) doom. felsefe philosophy; synonyms (n) doctrine, logic, stoicism, theory, attitude, ism, belief, beliefs, reasoning, thinking, view, viewpoint, culture, ethos, hypothesis. felsefi philosophical; synonyms (adj) philosophic, cool, (v) sedate, contemplative, deliberative, introspective, meditative, museful, pensive, platonic, reflective, thoughtful. fena 1. evil (kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 2. poor (fakir, kötü); synonyms (adj) low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, pitiful, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, 3. bad (kötü); synonyms (adj) adverse, immoral, naughty, poisonous, sad, sinister, malicious, infamous, appalling, awful, damaging, devilish, disagreeable, dreadful, (v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, pleasant, well, well-behaved, 4. miserable (sefil);

synonyms (adj) poor, abject, desolate, downcast, measly, unhappy, distressed, lamentable, cheerless, contemptible, dejected, depressed, despondent, (v) forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, generous, 5. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, nauseous, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, mischief, calamity; antonym (adj) healthy. fenalık evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness. fener lamp (lamba); synonyms (n) light, look, beacon, view, glance, alfalfa, glimpse, lucern, (v) behold, regard, perceive, gape, gaze, inspect, observe. fenomen phenomenon; synonyms (n) event, appearance, marvel, miracle, incident, development, prodigy, wonder, occurrence, happening, apparition, fact, sight, manifestation, matter. feodal feudal; synonyms (adj) feudalistic, medieval. feragat surrender; synonyms (n) resign, resignation, capitulation, release, (v) concede, relinquish, abandon, render, capitulate, deliver, submit, forsake, forfeit, leave, cede; antonyms (v) conquer, resist, appropriate, fight, persevere, subdue, win. ferah 1. spacious; synonyms (adj) roomy, broad, extensive, large, ample, wide, capacious, commodious, vast, comprehensive, big, expansive, extended, liberal, open; antonyms (adj) cramped, narrow, 2. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) spacious, expanded, full, sweeping, deep, thick, blanket, tolerant, general, huge, cavernous, copious, (adv) far, widely, astray; antonyms (adj) thin, restricted. feribot ferry (araba vapuru); synonyms (n) ferryboat, boat, ford, pass, passage, ship, (v) carry, convey, transfer, transport, take, bring. ferman writ; synonyms (n) command, edict, injunction, order, act, agreement, expression, indictment, law, (v) communicate, (adj) brief, common, concise, epitome, prevalent. fert individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, (n) human, creature, fellow, man, mortal; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n) collective. feryat 1. cry (ağlamak, bağırmak); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper, 2. shout (bağırmak); synonyms (v) cry, bawl, hollo, hail, holler, hoop, whoop, yelp, proclaim, (n) cheer, halloo, outcry, screech, exclamation, wail.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English fesat 1. corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness, 2. sinister; synonyms (adj) dark, ominous, baleful, black, forbidding, menacing, threatening, malevolent, malign, grim, ill, inauspicious, minacious, minatory, ugly. feshetmek cancel (iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate. fesih dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis, dismissal, annulment, death, dissipation, demise, adjournment, departure, disintegration, licentiousness. festival festival; synonyms (n) feast, carnival, fete, celebration, fair, festivity, holiday, fête, fiesta, gala, jamboree, party, anniversary, (adj) ball. fetih conquest; synonyms (n) victory, conquering, defeat, triumph, achievement, reduction, coup, rout, mastery, occupation, overthrow, subjection, subjugation, success, win; antonym (n) surrender. fevkalade 1. marvellous; synonyms (adj) fantastic, marvelous, miraculous, tall, terrific, tremendous, wonderful, wondrous, improbable, fantastical, rattling, antic, grotesque, brisk, crying, 2. extraordinary; synonyms (adj) distinguished, curious, exceptional, odd, abnormal, amazing, astonishing, bizarre, extra, phenomenal, rare, special, strange, unusual, famous; antonyms (adj) ordinary, normal, everyday, 3. remarkable; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, notable, noteworthy, conspicuous, illustrious, great, noticeable, outstanding, signal, singular, uncommon, prominent, funny, peculiar, (n) memorable; antonyms (adj) insignificant, unremarkable. fıçı 1. barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel, barrelful, cask, container, vase, vat, jar, plug, much, pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly, 2. vat; synonyms (n) tub, barrel, tun. fidanlık nursery; synonyms (n) kindergarten, greenhouse, cradle, seminary, nest, glasshouse, puberty, pucelage, pupilage, reformatory, schoolroom, womb, childhood, playgroup, seminarist. fide set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid. figür figure (şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour,

171

emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher. figüran extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, auxiliary, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement, accessory, excess, plus, supernumerary, addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack. fihrist index (dizin, indeks); synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indication, indicator, indices, mark, (v) list. fiil 1. verb; synonym (n) vocable, 2. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 3. deed (iş); synonyms (n) act, behavior, exploit, covenant, activity, document, doing, effort, fact, title, agency, certificate, job, measure, paper. fiilen virtually; synonyms (adv) almost, literally, most, close, (adj) nearly, near, practically, about, nigh, negatively. fiili 1. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative, 2. actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable, literal, precise, tangible, veritable, very, concrete, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed. fikir 1. conception; synonyms (n) notion, concept, idea, creation, thought, view, mind, apprehension, belief, comprehension, design, fancy, image, imagination, impression; antonym (n) misconception, 2. opinion; synonyms (n) judgment, feeling, advice, conjecture, guess, meaning, counsel, comment, estimate, decision, conviction, attitude, estimation, hypothesis, look, 3. idea; synonyms (n) opinion, conception, consideration, plan, suggestion, conceit, appearance, aim, inspiration, object, perception, purpose, reason, supposition, suspicion, 4. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, mentality, (v) care, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget, 5. notion; synonyms (n) caprice, hunch, inkling, whim, impulse, effect, fantasy, hint, sense, understanding, dream, intent, viewpoint, judgement, (v) freak, 6. concept; synonyms (n) theory, vision, construct, 7. voice (ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state, 8. thought; synonyms (v) observation, consider, (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

172

Turkish - English

reflection, sentiment, attention, cogitation, thinking, intention, cerebration, contemplation, intellection, meditation, study, reasoning, musing; antonym (n) fact. fıkra 1. clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph, provision, rider, section, chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement, stipulation, (v) passage, 2. article; synonyms (n) object, thing, clause, commodity, composition, discourse, entity, essay, feature, paper, report, review, story, ware, dissertation, 3. joke; synonyms (n) jest, banter, hoax, fun, caper, gag, game, quip, antic, farce, humor, jape, jocularity, pleasantry, (v) chaff; antonym (n) tragedy. fil 1. elephant; synonyms (n) camel, dromedary, giant, llama, monster, (adj) behemoth, cachalot, whale, hippopotamus, leviathan, porpoise, 2. bishop; synonyms (n) archbishop, primate, clergyman, elder, eminence, episcopant, metropolitan, minister, (v) wassail, cup, flip, grog, negus, punch, purl. fildişi ivory; synonyms (n) bone, tusk, dentin, elephant, bead, drop, pearl, yellow, (adj) chalk, lily, milk, paper, pearly, snow, white. filiz shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute. film 1. movie; synonyms (n) film, flick, pic, picture, show, cinema, image, celluloid, characterisation, characterization, delineation, depiction, exposure, icon, ikon, 2. film; synonyms (n) membrane, coating, cloud, coat, covering, haze, layer, movie, skin, fog, crust, flake, casing, (v) mist, photograph, 3. picture (görüntü, resim, tablo); synonyms (n) effigy, paint, drawing, likeness, description, illustration, landscape, (v) describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, figure. filo 1. fleet; synonyms (n) armada, float, marine, (adj) swift, fast, expeditious, agile, quick, brisk, rapid, speedy, hasty, (v) flit, fly, hurry, 2. squadron; synonyms (n) fleet, group, brigade, corps, flotilla, navy, battalion, cavalry. filozof philosopher; synonyms (n) thinker, theorist, pundit, intellectual, mastermind, philosophaster, philosophe, scholar, academic, alchemist, dreamer, guru, mystic. filtre filter (süzgeç, süzmek); synonyms (n) strainer, (v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify, refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop, clean, permeate; antonym (v) contaminate. final final (son); synonyms (adj) conclusive, decisive, definite, extreme, latter, definitive, last, ultimate, irrevocable, decided, concluding, eventual, net, peremptory, firm; antonyms (adj) first, opening, preliminary. finansal financial (parasal); synonyms (adj) fiscal, economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial,

crumenal, business, numismatical, sumptuary, budgeting, numismatic, pocket. fincan cup; synonyms (n) chalice, basin, trophy, destiny, fate, bowl, cupful, glass, portion, bleed. firar 1. escape (kaçmak); synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. flight (uçuş); synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying, avolation, exodus, elopement, departure, aviation, flock, retreat, crossing, journey, (adj) bevy, drove, cloud. fırça brush; synonyms (n) brushwood, clash, collision, conflict, copse, encounter, (v) broom, graze, sweep, touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour, (adj) rake. fırçalama brush (fırça); synonyms (n) brushwood, clash, collision, conflict, copse, encounter, (v) broom, graze, sweep, touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour, (adj) rake. fırçalamak brush (fırça); synonyms (n) brushwood, clash, collision, conflict, copse, encounter, (v) broom, graze, sweep, touch, clean, kiss, rub, scour, (adj) rake. fırın 1. oven; synonyms (n) kiln, furnace, stove, heater, range, boiler, 2. stove; synonyms (n) ambit, chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach, scope, warmer, 3. cooker; synonym (n) cook. fırıncı baker; synonyms (n) cook, chef, doughboy. fırlama 1. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, fountain, source, jet, cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil, proceed, arise, issue, prance, (adj) elastic. fırlamak spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. fırlatma projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient. fırlatmak 1. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 3. shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious, backward, careful, (v) cast, pitch; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing, 4. launch; synonyms (n) boat, inauguration, initiation, launching, (v) initiate, begin, found, introduce, toss, commence, establish,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English inaugurate, institute, start, open; antonym (v) end, 5. throw (atmak); synonyms (v) flip, pass, deliver, drop, give, hurtle, jerk, make, project, bewilder, dumbfound, mystify, (n) push, shot, shy, 6. send (göndermek, yollamak); synonyms (v) despatch, convey, dispatch, mail, post, carry, divert, beam, channel, commit, consign, direct, place, put, transmit. firma firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant, hard, stable, close, compact, determined, fixed, resolute, solid, steadfast, steady, strong, decisive, (v) faithful; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy. fırsat 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. occasion; synonyms (n) case, event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce, make, 3. opportunity; synonyms (n) opening, luck, occasion, room, time, alternative, break, option, possibility, scope, shot, fortune, choice, leisure, likelihood, 4. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 5. opening; synonyms (n) gap, mouth, aperture, beginning, cleft, commencement, door, entrance, hole, chasm, onset, crevice, entry, (adj) preliminary, first; antonyms (n) end, closing, exit, finale, (adj) final, 6. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, probability, venture, accident, contingency, fate, random, turn, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet, befall, happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 7. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach, domain, purview, expanse, area, compass, drift, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth, dimension, (v) view, 8. room (oda); synonyms (n) chamber, latitude, apartment, hall, house, flat, margin, cabin, field, leeway, office, place, space, home, (v) board. fırtına storm; synonyms (n) tempest, attack, shower, blizzard, burst, gust, hurricane, (v) rage, rush, assault, fume, hail, charge, bluster, invade. fırtınalı 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 2. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth,

173

polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 3. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full, grave, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick, compact, ample; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, puny, skinny, 4. angry (kızgın, öfkeli); synonyms (adj) furious, incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging, vehement, maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued, splenetic, angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj) calm, pleased, 5. turbulent; synonyms (adj) tempestuous, tumultuous, rough, disorderly, noisy, riotous, violent, wild, rude, troubled, unruly, agitated, angry, loud, (n) stormy, 6. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious, deformed, grotesque, horrible; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental. fiş check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill, cheque. fişek shell (kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast. fısıldamak 1. whisper; synonyms (n) buzz, hum, rustle, breath, trace, undertone, rumor, (v) murmur, breathe, mumble, hint, suggestion, hiss, inkling, innuendo; antonym (v) shout, 2. breathe (nefes almak, solumak); synonyms (v) blow, exhale, live, subsist, be, emit, exist, imply, rest, whisper, inspire, convey, heave, (n) respire, bespeak. fısıltı 1. whisper; synonyms (n) buzz, hum, rustle, breath, trace, undertone, rumor, (v) murmur, breathe, mumble, hint, suggestion, hiss, inkling, innuendo; antonym (v) shout, 2. breath (nefes, soluk); synonyms (n) spirit, wind, air, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash, flatus, gust, instant, jiffy, respite, (adj) whisper. fışkırmak well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. fışkırtmak jet; synonyms (n) squirt, fountain, flow, spout, spray, airplane, current, outpouring, (v) gush, spurt, fly, pour, flood, emit, (adj) raven. fıskiye fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source, origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow. fitil cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie, twine, tape, lace, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable, (v) knot. fiyasko failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy, failing, breakdown, decline, deficiency, debacle, defeat, disappointment,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

174

Turkish - English

disaster, downfall, error, loser, loss, abortion, default; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability, growth. fiyat 1. price (eder); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit, value, 2. cost; synonyms (n) price, disbursement, expenditure, rate, sacrifice, budget, forfeit, bill, expenses, loss, outlay, quotation, penalty, (v) be, 3. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, shape, build, contour, emblem, fashion, image, number, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher, 4. rate (oran); synonyms (n) pace, percentage, frequency, gait, (v) evaluate, appreciate, compute, put, rank, esteem, gauge, prize, deserve, measure, order. fiyonk bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer. fiziksel physical; synonyms (adj) material, bodily, actual, corporeal, tangible, animal, carnal, concrete, corporal, real, palpable, earthly, manual, sensual, (adv) fleshly; antonyms (adj) spiritual, mental, intangible. fizyolojik physiological; synonym (adj) physiologic. flaş flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten. flora flora; synonyms (n) vegetation, plant, plants, verdure, foliage, undergrowth, works. fok seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal. fon 1. fund; synonyms (n) stock, store, capital, bank, reserve, savings, supply, cache, endowment, (v) hoard, bankroll, finance, accumulate, back, sponsor, 2. background (arka plan); synonyms (n) backdrop, groundwork, setting, basis, context, education, environment, scene, backcloth, panorama, atmosphere, experience, ground, information, preparation. fonksiyon function (işlev); synonyms (n) position, office, place, role, service, work, agency, application, duty, employment, (v) act, exercise, run, serve, go. fonksiyonel functional; synonyms (adj) practical, effective, handy, operational, operative, working, serviceable, official, operable, running, useful; antonyms (adj) nonfunctional, useless. fonlama funding; synonyms (n) financing, backing, support, appropriation, investment, accompaniment, backup, business, care, championship, documentation, economics, endowment, money, provision.

form 1. form (biçim); synonyms (n) figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v) cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish, carve, construct, 2. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) mold, pattern, condition, configuration, frame, outline, (v) form, model, mould, determine, adjust, fit, influence, regulate, knead. forma strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare; antonyms (v) dress, decorate. formasyon formation; synonyms (n) constitution, creation, establishment, construction, genesis, arrangement, composition, organization, configuration, conformation, generation, production, architecture, erection, (v) fabrication; antonym (n) destruction. format format (biçim); synonyms (n) form, size, formatting, shape, organization, structure, template, mold, construction, system, (v) set, arrange, coif, coiffe, coiffure. formda fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell. formül formula; synonyms (n) form, law, convention, expression, formality, method, principle, rule, canon, fashion, figure, formulary, pattern, prescription, procedure. forum forum; synonyms (n) agora, assembly, court, pulpit, square, ambo, amphitheater, symposium, platform, rostrum, state, conference, assemblage, seminar, auditorium. fosil fossil; synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo, conservative, parent, relic, (adj) flint, obsolete, granite, preglacial, quartz, ancient, marble, old, pebble. fotoğraf 1. photograph; synonyms (n) image, photo, picture, likeness, portrait, print, copy, pic, exposure, heliograph, photocopy, (v) film, shoot, snap, flick, 2. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess, (adj) iridescent, 3. picture (görüntü, resim, tablo); synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing, depiction, description, icon, illustration, (v) describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, envision, figure, 4. photo. fotoğrafçı photographer; synonyms (n) photographist, press. fotoğrafçılık photography; synonyms (n) cinematography, heliography, photogeny, shooting. fötr felt; synonyms (v) mat, snarl, tangle, braid, entangle, (adj) perceived, sensed, conscious.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English frekans frequency (sıklık); synonyms (n) frequence, incidence, commonness, prevalence, constancy, oftenness, abundance, oftness, pitch, density, community, concourse, crowd, generalness, measure. fuar fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted. funda heath; synonyms (n) heather, heathland, prairie, steppe, waste, wild, basin, desert, plain, veldt, grig, pampas, savanna. futbol 1. football; synonyms (n) soccer, hockey, note, baseball, basketball, footie, 2. soccer; synonyms (n) football, ball, gridiron. füze 1. missile; synonyms (n) bullet, shot, projectile, rocket, bolt, bomb, explosive, quoit, ammunition, club, messenger, missive, weapon, beast, bird, 2. rocket (roket); synonyms (n) missile, arugula, brickbat, carcass, grenade, (v) soar, rise, skyrocket, zoom; antonyms (v) plummet, dawdle.

G gaddar cruel; synonyms (adj) barbarous, brutal, hard, harsh, heartless, unkind, bitter, bloody, atrocious, biting, fierce, inhuman, merciless, ruthless, savage; antonyms (adj) gentle, kind, merciful, humane, liberal, sympathetic. gaddarlık cruelty; synonyms (n) brutality, barbarity, cruelness, oppression, ferociousness, ferocity, harshness, mercilessness, ruthlessness, tyranny, violence, sadism, barbarism, abuse, fierceness; antonyms (n) compassion, kindness, friendliness, gentleness. gaga bill (fatura, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list. galaksi galaxy; synonyms (n) constellation, beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax, bunch, coltsfoot, speckling, wandflower, (adj) array, army, sea, sight, star, sun. galeri gallery; synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift, veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah, auditorium, auditory, boxes. galiba presumably; synonyms (adv) likely, presumptively, apparently, probably, seemingly, supposedly, allegedly, superficially, credible, doubtlessly, hypothetically, indubitably, reasonably, surely, (adj) doubtless. galibiyet 1. victory (zafer); synonyms (n) triumph, conquest, success, mastery, subjugation,

175

superiority, achievement, expugnation, feat; antonyms (n) defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2. win (kazanmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get, attain, obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail, secure, take, succeed, carry, vanquish, procure; antonym (v) lose. galip 1. winner; synonyms (n) champion, conqueror, success, achiever, master, hit; antonyms (n) loser, failure, flop, 2. victor; synonyms (n) winner, champ, superior, 3. triumphant; synonyms (adj) jubilant, victorious, successful, triumphal, exulting, winning, conquering, elated, gleeful, joyful, prideful, rejoicing, (v) exultant; antonym (adj) unsuccessful. gam 1. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, (adj) distress, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight, happiness. ganimet 1. capture; synonyms (v) bag, catch, take, apprehend, captivate, carry, ensnare, get, seize, bewitch, acquire, beguile, (n) arrest, seizure, apprehension; antonyms (v) release, surrender, 2. prize; synonyms (n) award, plunder, treasure, booty, premium, loot, price, trophy, (v) appreciate, esteem, cherish, honor, value, admire, pry. garanti guarantee; synonyms (n) bail, assure, guaranty, warranty, assurance, pledge, warrant, bond, collateral, deposit, (v) certify, promise, engage, endorse, ensure. gard guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep. gardiyan 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector, champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep. garip 1. strange; synonyms (adj) extraneous, foreign, peculiar, abnormal, curious, extraordinary, irregular, mysterious, new, odd, outlandish, unusual, rare, alien, anomalous; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, familiar, typical, 2. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, antic, extravagant, grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, great, (n) fanciful, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, real, 3. funny; synonyms (adj) comical, amusing, droll,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

176

Turkish - English

eccentric, facetious, fishy, diverting, comic, entertaining, farcical, humorous, laughable, queer, suspicious, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 4. bizarre; synonyms (adj) singular, fantastic, freakish, outre, quaint, remarkable, striking, erratic, different, eerie, exotic, freaky, incredible, offbeat, quizzical, 5. curious; synonyms (adj) funny, interested, inquiring, inquisitive, weird, whimsical, interesting, intrusive, meddling, overcurious, surprising, eager, meddlesome, nosy, particular; antonym (adj) incurious, 6. odd (tek); synonyms (adj) exceptional, chance, novel, individual, unaccountable, casual, crazy, atypical, leftover, occasional, rum, rummy, uncommon, uneven, wacky; antonym (adj) even. garson waiter; synonyms (n) server, attendant, salver, servant, tray, bridegroom, disposition, groom, habit, host, kidney, kind, sort, flunky. gasp grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch, appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch, seizure. gaydacı piper; synonyms (n) bagpiper, fiddler, fifer, harper, trumpeter, pepper. gaye 1. aim (amaç, hedef); synonyms (n) intent, objective, plan, target, design, intention, meaning, (v) purpose, direct, object, point, address, endeavor, aspire, propose, 2. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 3. goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) aim, butt, destination, end, basket, ambition, aspiration, limit, finish, home, mark, mission, reason, wish, (v) bound, 4. purpose (amaç, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) mind, effect, purport, resolve, motive, determination, function, goal, idea, cause, decision, drift, (v) project, intend, decide. gayret 1. effort (çaba); synonyms (n) attempt, exertion, application, drive, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, push, campaign, cause, crusade, 2. energy (enerji, güç); synonyms (n) animation, dash, force, life, spirit, determination, effort, might, strength, vigor, vitality, capability, action, activity, dynamism; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion, tiredness, weakness, idleness, sluggishness, 3. industry (endüstri); synonyms (n) business, industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, manufacture, commerce. gayretli 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous, ardent, earnest, agog, acute, ambitious, enthusiastic, keen, zealous, industrious, studious, active, burning, craving; antonyms (adj) indifferent, apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned, 2. vigorous; synonyms (adj) robust, strong, energetic,

hardy, lively, powerful, strenuous, athletic, hearty, mighty, healthy, smart, brawny, (n) brave, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj) feeble, lethargic, weak, dull, unenergetic. gaz gas (benzin); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow. gazete 1. newspaper; synonyms (n) journal, gazette, magazine, paper, news, periodical, print, publisher, newsprint, press, publication, 2. journal (günlük); synonyms (n) diary, book, newspaper, ephemeris, chronicle, log, record, annals, calendar, organ, review, annual, (adj) daybook, daily, diurnal, 3. sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf, canvas, film, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet, piece, plane, sail, mainsheet, pane, 4. paper; synonyms (n) document, article, discourse, certificate, essay, report, composition, form, ticket, dissertation, exposition, theme, thesis, writing, (v) wallpaper. gazeteci journalist; synonyms (n) reporter, writer, author, chronicler, diarist, newscaster. gazetecilik journalism; synonyms (n) press, author, essayist, correspondent, literature, litterateur, prose, text, writer, writing, copy. gebe pregnant (hamile); synonyms (adj) pithy, significant, fraught, enceinte, expectant, gravid, heavy, big, meaning, teeming, important, (v) telling, emphatic. gebelik pregnancy; synonyms (n) gravidity, gestation, fertility, behavior, childbearing, departure, doings, fetation, going, pregnance, uterogestation, traveling, (adj) procreation, propagation, pullulation. geç late; synonyms (adj) former, dead, deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern, slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh, backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual. gece 1. night (akşam); synonyms (n) dark, evening, dusk, darkness, nighttime, twilight, (adj) nocturnal; antonyms (n) day, light, 2. evening (akşam); synonyms (n) even, eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset, night, sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak. geceleyin overnight; synonyms (adj) nightlong, meteoric, temporary, (n) tour, trip, voyage, (v) travel. geçen 1. last (son, sürmek); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 2. past (geçmiş); synonyms (adj) beyond, bygone, former, old, back, earlier, gone, over, preceding, preterit, previous, (n) history, (adv) by, before, (prf) along; antonyms (adj) contemporary, current, (prep) within, (n) future,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English present, prospect, 3. passing (geçici); synonyms (adj) ephemeral, fleeting, momentary, transient, brief, cursory, fugitive, impermanent, casual, (n) overtaking, death, decease, departure, expiration, passage; antonyms (adj) permanent, lasting. geçenlerde lately; synonyms (adv) recently, late, freshly, latterly, newly, just, new, (adj) anew, afresh. geçer current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous. Geçerli 1. valid; synonyms (adj) legal, sound, right, genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic, good, legitimate, powerful, rightful, strong, true, cogent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled, bogus, illogical, 2. current (akım, cari); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous, 3. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, effectual, efficacious, operative, fruitful, positive, active, forceful, important, influential, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative, 4. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, just, rational, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) unsound, confused. geçerlik validity; synonyms (n) force, truth, authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty, cogency, effect, power, effectiveness, reality, authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness. geçerlilik validity (geçerlik); synonyms (n) force, truth, authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty, cogency, effect, power, effectiveness, reality, authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness. geçersiz illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden, prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful; antonyms (adj) legal, lawful, honest, legitimate, official. geçici 1. temporary; synonyms (adj) ephemeral, passing, temporal, acting, momentary, fleeting, impermanent, provisional, transient, transitory, brief, fugitive, stopgap, irregular, substitute; antonyms (adj) permanent, continuous, enduring, eternal, everlasting, long-term, 2. passing; synonyms (adj) cursory, casual, fugacious, temporary, (n) overtaking, death, decease, departure, expiration, passage, demise, exit, going, motion, pass; antonym (adj) lasting, 3. tentative; synonyms (adj) doubtful, experimental, probationary, trial, exploratory, shy, cautious, conditional, hesitant, indecisive, indefinite,

177

provisionary, undecided; antonyms (adj) definite, sure, 4. interim; synonyms (adj) concomitance, concurrence, (n) interval, interlude, distance, intermission, lag, pause, while, (adv) meantime, 5. volatile (uçucu); synonyms (adj) changeable, erratic, frivolous, unstable, mercurial, giddy, capricious, flighty, variable, inconstant, excitable, unsteady, airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym (adj) stable, 6. provisional; synonyms (adj) makeshift, tentative, interim, provisory, qualified, given, probative, probatory. gecikme 1. delay (geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance, 2. detention; synonyms (n) delay, custody, confinement, apprehension, captivity, detainment, constraint, capture, hold, imprisonment, incarceration, internment, prison, restraint, (v) keep; antonyms (n) freedom, release.

gecikmek delay (gecikme, geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance. gecikmiş late (geç); synonyms (adj) former, dead, deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern, slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh, backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual.

geciktirme delay (gecikme, geciktirmek); synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance. geciktirmek delay (gecikme); synonyms (n) pause, arrest, deferment, wait, stay, deferral, extension, (v) defer, check, postpone, reserve, adjourn, break, detain, hesitate; antonyms (n) punctuality, decisiveness, (v) rush, advance. geçim 1. living (canlı); synonyms (adj) lively, alive, live, extant, active, animated, animate, fresh, quick, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death, 2. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 3. bread (ekmek); synonyms (n) living, cash, maintenance, currency, dough, food, kale, loot, money, pelf, sustenance, 4. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, bear, boost, carry, confirm;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

178

Turkish - English

antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken. geçimli compatible (uyumlu); synonyms (adj) agreeable, congruent, accordant, congenial, sympathetic, becoming, congruous, consonant, harmonious, suitable, (n) consistent; antonym (adj) incompatible.

geçindirmek support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken. geçinme living (canlı); synonyms (adj) lively, alive, live, extant, active, animated, animate, fresh, quick, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death. geçinmek manage; synonyms (v) conduct, direct, administer, do, govern, accomplish, arrange, control, cope, deal, handle, lead, work, maintain, (n) guide. geçirme transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting.

geçirmek 1. carry (nakletmek, taşımak); synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume, admit, 2. pass (geçiş, geçmek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 3. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, administration, manage, demeanor, performance, behaviour, (v) act, direct, administer, carriage, bearing, carry, show, accompany, channel, 4. spend; synonyms (v) consume, exhaust, expend, squander, blow, deplete, pass, wear, invest, dissipate, draw, drop, employ, lavish, (adj) waste; antonyms (v) save, conserve, 5. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, transference, delivery, (v) change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, commit, consign, interchange, transplant, delegate; antonym (v) keep. geçirmez proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument, authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment. geçiş 1. pass (geçmek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 2. transition; synonyms (n) change, passage, transit, alteration, changeover, conversion, modulation, 3. passage; synonyms (n) aisle,

course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation, 4. passing (geçici); synonyms (adj) ephemeral, fleeting, momentary, transient, brief, cursory, fugitive, impermanent, casual, (n) overtaking, death, decease, departure, expiration, demise; antonyms (adj) permanent, lasting. geçit 1. access (giriş); synonyms (n) admission, approach, entrance, entry, admittance, entree, gate, attack, doorway, entryway, fit, opening, outburst, passage, (v) enter; antonym (n) exit, 2. corridor (koridor); synonyms (n) aisle, hall, lobby, hallway, lane, vestibule, artery, alley, alleyway, path, portico, way, 3. pass (geçiş, geçmek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 4. crossing; synonyms (n) cross, ford, transit, crossbreeding, hybridization, intersection, voyage, crossroad, crosswalk, crossway, cruise, flight, interbreeding, junction, travel, 5. gate (kapı); synonyms (n) door, mouth, port, threshold, gateway, porch, portal, turnout, 6. passage; synonyms (n) course, channel, corridor, gangway, journey, duct, avenue, citation, excerpt, extract, movement, paragraph, pass, road, section, 7. gap (aralık, boşluk); synonyms (n) break, cleft, crack, crevice, fissure, aperture, chasm, clearance, difference, fracture, vacancy, blank, chink, disparity, (v) breach. geçme passage; synonyms (n) aisle, course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation. geçmek 1. pass (geçiş); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail, 2. intervene; synonyms (v) interfere, intercede, interpose, mediate, arbitrate, meddle, interject, intermediate, 3. exceed; synonyms (v) beat, pass, surpass, outdo, surmount, transcend, cap, outshine, outweigh, overrun, top, excel, outgo, outmatch, (adj) better, 4. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered, 5. top (üst); synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative, (n) crown, peak, acme, apex, crest, height, pinnacle, summit, surface, brow, (v) best, head, climax; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir. geçmiş 1. past; synonyms (adj) beyond, bygone, former, old, back, earlier, gone, over, preceding, preterit, previous, (n) history, (adv) by, before, (prf) along; antonyms (adj) contemporary, current, (prep) within, (n) future, present, prospect, 2. history (tarih); synonyms (n) account, chronicle, story, annals, background, narrative, record, explanation, yesteryear, narration, past, life, (v) tale, 3. former

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (eski, önceki); synonyms (adj) antecedent, anterior, foregoing, prior, original, deceased, foremost, primary, ancient, departed, last, late, older, quondam, (n) predecessor. geçmişte back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance. gedik breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack, crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene, fissure; antonym (n) observance. gelecek 1. future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming, prospective, intended, potential, approaching, forthcoming, imminent, impending, later, (n) prospect, hereafter, fate, futurity, (v) horizon; antonym (n) past, 2. forthcoming; synonyms (adj) future, outgoing, upcoming, oncoming, pending, extroverted, gracious, (v) batching, brewing; antonym (adj) reserved, 3. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) following, near, next, (n) access, advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come, climax; antonym (n) departure, 4. next (sonraki); synonyms (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, subsequent, ensuing, after, close, adjoining, posterior, closest, neighboring, proximate, (adv) afterward, then, subsequently; antonyms (adj) distant, (adv) previous, preceding, previously. gelen coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent, impending, following, (n) access, advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym (n) departure. gelenek 1. custom; synonyms (n) tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke, 2. tradition; synonyms (n) custom, legend, folklore, heritage, lore, routine, myth. geleneksel 1. conventional; synonyms (adj) formal, orthodox, accepted, common, customary, everyday, conservative, decorous, established, habitual, normal, ordinary, routine, (v) commonplace, familiar; antonyms (adj) unconventional, radical, relaxed, unusual, original, rebellious, unorthodox, 2. traditional; synonyms (adj) conventional, immemorial, classic, legendary, traditionary, usual, accustomed, regular, stock; antonyms (adj) new, modern, progressive, 3. customary; synonyms (adj) traditional, average, wonted, current, frequent, general, natural, prescriptive, prevailing, typical, set. gelgit tide; synonyms (n) current, flow, stream, course, drift, run, time, race, rush, (v) wave, flood, surge, billow, noonday.

179

gelin bride; synonyms (n) wife, mate, woman, helpmate. gelir 1. income; synonyms (n) earnings, proceeds, profit, revenue, gain, means, pay, return, salary, yield, allowance, profits, receipts, wages, livelihood; antonym (n) loss, 2. earnings; synonyms (n) income, wage, compensation, lucre, remuneration, returns, takings, 3. proceeds (kazanç); synonyms (n) issue, take, emolument, payoff, proceed, incomings, outcome, benefit, effect, produce, result, innings, 4. revenue; synonyms (n) interest, gate, resources, taxation, gross, 5. yield (verim); synonyms (n) give, output, crop, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear, consent; antonyms (v) resist, persevere. geliş 1. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent, impending, following, (n) access, advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym (n) departure, 2. arrival; synonyms (n) entrance, incoming, newcomer, attainment, arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) exit, leaving. gelişen progressive (ilerici); synonyms (adj) advanced, forward, gradual, active, radical, consecutive, modern, revolutionary, positive, alphabetical, avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n) liberal, imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned, traditional, (n) conservative. gelişim evolution (evrim); synonyms (n) development, growth, expansion, movement, process, progress, evolvement, change, mutation, advance, alteration, modification, progression, (v) operation, elimination; antonym (n) deterioration. gelişme 1. growth (büyüme); synonyms (n) development, accretion, augmentation, evolution, gain, increase, enlargement, germination, accumulation, accession, addition, advance, improvement, increment, (v) grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction, weakening, decline, 2. growing; synonyms (adj) flourishing, rising, thriving, blossoming, progressive, swelling, adolescent, budding, burgeoning, cumulative, enlarging, (n) developing, growth, (adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) deteriorating, dwindling, 3. evolution (evrim); synonyms (n) expansion, movement, process, progress, evolvement, change, mutation, alteration, modification, progression, innovation, (v) operation, elimination, eradication; antonym (n) deterioration, 4. development; synonyms (n) course, spread, effect, elaboration, result, complication, amplification, maturity, creation, state, consequence, construction, cultivation, discovery, emergence; antonym (n) neglect, 5. improvement; synonyms (n) advancement, amelioration, betterment, correction, amendment, repair, adjustment, enhancement,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

180

Turkish - English

headway, revision, melioration, rise, upturn, benefit, emendation; antonym (n) downgrade, 6.

advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerlemek, ilerletmek); synonyms (n) loan, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, improve, lend, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress, 7. progress; synonyms (n) furtherance, passage, journey, promotion, career, (v) continue, go, move, pass, prosper, way, thrive, evolve, travel, mature.

gelişmek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerlemek, ilerletmek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress, 2. develop; synonyms (v) advance, amplify, educate, expand, grow, breed, contract, acquire, bloom, blossom, break, bud, build, come, elaborate; antonyms (v) decrease, erupt, neglect, 3. improve; synonyms (v) heal, emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain, better, enhance, mend, perfect, restore, beautify, revise; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil, 4. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 5. progress; synonyms (n) headway, furtherance, betterment, course, advancement, development, growth, increase, movement, (v) continue, go, move, improve, pass, way, 6. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, condition, configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make, adjust, carve, construct. gelişmiş advanced (ileri); synonyms (adj) sophisticated, progressive, senior, higher, modern, new, precocious, late, cultured, developed, elevated, forward, liberal, ripe, superior; antonyms (adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior. geliştirme development; synonyms (n) evolution, course, growth, improvement, increase, progress, spread, advance, augmentation, change, developing, effect, elaboration, expansion, movement; antonyms (n) deterioration, decline, neglect, decrease. geliştirmek 1. develop; synonyms (v) advance, amplify, educate, expand, grow, breed, contract, acquire, bloom, blossom, break, bud, build, come, cultivate; antonyms (v) decrease, erupt, neglect, regress, 2. improve; synonyms (v) heal, emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain, better, develop, enhance, mend, perfect, restore, beautify; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil. gelme 1. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent,

impending, following, (n) access, advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return, arrive, come; antonym (n) departure, 2. advent; synonyms (n) coming, emergence, entrance, 3. arrival; synonyms (n) incoming, newcomer, attainment, arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) exit, leaving. gelmek 1. come; synonyms (v) approach, become, aggregate, appear, arise, arrive, fall, befall, amount, descend, get, go, hail, number, originate; antonym (v) leave, 2. arrive (varmak); synonyms (v) come, mature, attain, land, reach, succeed, show, derive, emerge, enter, happen, issue, prosper, disembark; antonym (v) depart, 3. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel. gem bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling. gemi 1. ship; synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft, bottom, (v) dispatch, send, forward, transport, consign, carry, embark, move, transfer, post, charge, 2. craft; synonyms (n) ability, art, cunning, trade, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice, business, deceit, job, occupation, profession, skill, 3. boat (sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull, dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, aircraft, (v) cruise, 4. vessel; synonyms (n) container, duct, jar, vas, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, bottle, pipe. gemicilik 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance, sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight, aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing, sailplaning, soaring, 2. sailing (yelkencilik); synonyms (adj) nautical, (n) navigation, departure, boating, cruise. gen gene; synonyms (n) chromosome, cistron. genç 1. youth (gençlik); synonyms (n) boy, juvenile, lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid, juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, child, puppy, infancy, (adj) adolescent; antonyms (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, 2. young (yavru); synonyms (adj) green, immature, fresh, new, raw, baby, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, (n) offspring, progeny; antonyms (adj) old, mature, (n) aged, 3. youthful; synonyms (adj) vernal, beardless, 4. youngster (çocuk, delikanlı); synonyms (n) urchin, toddler, youth, nipper, shaver, teen, teenager, girl, lass, minor. gençlik youth (genç); synonyms (n) boy, juvenile, lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid, juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, child, puppy, infancy, (adj) adolescent; antonyms (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English gene again (bir daha, tekrar, yeniden, yine); synonyms (adv) afresh, more, anew, encore, repeatedly, then, also, further, often. genel 1. general; synonyms (adj) common, comprehensive, national, universal, broad, commonplace, current, ecumenical, public, average, communal, (n) chief, commander, (v) customary, frequent; antonyms (adj) specific, individual, narrow, (n) particular, 2. public (kamu); synonyms (adj) overt, civic, general, mutual, popular, ordinary, civil, (n) folk, community, people, populace, audience, (v) open, plebeian, government; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal, 3. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) coarse, cheap, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, trivial, banal, prosaic, poor, collective, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 4. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample, extensive, large, sweeping, vast, free, big, blanket, capacious, deep, full, inclusive, liberal, (n) female; antonym (adj) thin, 5. global; synonyms (adj) international, overall, cosmopolitan, worldwide, earthly, total, globose, globular, orbicular, planetary, spheric, spherical, terrestrial, world; antonym (adj) local, 6. generic; synonyms (adj) basic, cognate, economy, unadorned, utilitarian, generical, nonexclusive, plain, straightforward. genelde generally; synonyms (adv) altogether, commonly, frequently, broadly, chiefly, usually, approximately, largely, mainly, mostly, principally, completely, customarily, habitually, normally; antonyms (adv) narrowly, rarely, specifically. genelge circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square. genellikle 1. usually; synonyms (adv) generally, commonly, mostly, normally, ordinarily, frequently, customarily, habitually, regularly, broadly, readily, unremarkably; antonyms (adv) unusually, rarely, exceptionally, 2. generally; synonyms (adv) altogether, chiefly, usually, approximately, largely, mainly, principally, completely, often, overall, typically, primarily; antonyms (adv) narrowly, specifically. general general (genel); synonyms (adj) common, comprehensive, national, universal, broad, commonplace, current, ecumenical, public, average, communal, (n) chief, commander, (v) customary, frequent; antonyms (adj) specific, individual, narrow, (n) particular. geniş 1. wide; synonyms (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, comprehensive, extensive, large, ample, vast,

181

capacious, expanded, extended, full, open, sweeping, big; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, restricted, 2. large (büyük); synonyms (adj) generous, bulky, considerable, handsome, high, heavy, abundant, great, gross, hefty, huge, important, stout, fat, bountiful; antonyms (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, 3. extensive; synonyms (adj) commodious, copious, major, wide, long, enormous, detailed, expansive, immense, massive, voluminous, widespread, universal, elaborate, profound; antonyms (adj) limited, minor, partial, short, 4. ample (bol); synonyms (adj) plentiful, affluent, liberal, rich, sizable, sufficient, adequate, enough, plenteous, profuse, sizeable, substantial, luxuriant, complete, round; antonyms (adj) inadequate, meager, insufficient, scarce, 5. broad; synonyms (adj) general, free, blanket, deep, inclusive, thick, tolerant, coarse, indelicate, loose, plain, unsubtle, wholesale, (n) female, mere; antonym (adj) specific, 6. vast; synonyms (adj) boundless, colossal, gigantic, immeasurable, unlimited, gargantuan, giant, infinite, monumental, unbounded, limitless, endless, mammoth, mighty, monstrous; antonym (adj) tiny, 7. comprehensive; synonyms (adj) exhaustive, overall, thorough, total, global, grand, meticulous, compendious, worldwide; antonym (adj) noncomprehensive, 8. spacious; synonyms (adj) airy, comfortable, convenient. genişleme expansion (genleşme); synonyms (n) amplification, enlargement, development, dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, evolution, increase, inflation, swelling, (v) extension, augmentation; antonyms (n) contraction, decrease, reduction, abbreviation.

genişlemek expand (büyütmek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow. genişletilmiş 1. extended; synonyms (adj) broad, expanded, ample, extensive, long, wide, elongated, enlarged, lengthened, lengthy, prolonged, protracted, open, comprehensive, continued; antonyms (adj) brief, short, condensed, unextended, 2. expanded; synonyms (adj) extended, dilated. genişletme extension (uzatma); synonyms (n) continuation, augmentation, enlargement, expansion, addition, increase, annex, elongation, expanse, stretch, development, amplification, annexe, circulation, dissemination; antonyms (n) limitation, contraction, limit. genişletmek 1. extend (uzatmak); synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

182

Turkish - English

develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 2. expand (büyütmek, genişlemek); synonyms (v) balloon, distend, aggrandize, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, grow, open, rise, unfold, advance, (adj) expatiate; antonyms (v) contract, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, summarize. genişlik 1. width (en); synonyms (n) breadth, extent, latitude, length, size, wideness, broadness, amplitude, dimension, distance, thickness, measurement, area, depth, height; antonym (n) thinness, 2. breadth (en); synonyms (n) scope, width, spread, stretch, span, abundance, expanse, magnitude, range, richness, scale, space, comprehensiveness; antonym (n) narrowness, 3. extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension, amount, bulk, compass, boundary, gauge, measure, purview, quantity, reach, capacity, limit, mass, duration.

Geniþlet expand (büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, balloon, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment, extend, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, (adj) dilate; antonyms (v) contract, shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow. genleşme expansion; synonyms (n) amplification, enlargement, development, dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, evolution, increase, inflation, swelling, (v) extension, augmentation; antonyms (n) contraction, decrease, reduction, abbreviation. geometrik geometric; synonyms (adj) geometrical, arithmetic, arithmetical, mathematical, numerical, algebraic, statistical. gerçek 1. actual; synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed, 2. real; synonyms (adj) material, physical, concrete, natural, pure, native, right, good, certain, honest, just, sincere, substantial, (adv) actually, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal, imaginary, apparent, artificial, fake, bogus, deceptive, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial, mock, nominal, (v) pretend, 3. fact (olay, olgu); synonyms (n) event, incident, detail, deed, particular, truth, actuality, circumstance, experience, occurrence, point, reality, thing, contingency, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture, fallacy, falsehood, report, 4. true (doğru); synonyms (adj) faithful, even, correct, exact, straight, truthful, direct, loyal, proper, reliable, rightful, sound, lawful, legitimate, (v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue, 5. intrinsic; synonyms (adj) inherent, immanent, inborn, internal, constitutional, essential, integral,

intimate, intrinsical, peculiar, interior, fundamental, instinctive, innate, inner; antonym (adj) extrinsic, 6. authentic; synonyms (adj) believable, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned, unsophisticated, credible, original, convincing, realistic, unquestionable, (v) authoritative; antonym (adj) unrealistic, 7. genuine; synonyms (adj) candid, artless, hearty, unaffected, earnest, intrinsic, solid, clean, chaste, devout, authenticated, fair, veracious, guileless, sterling; antonyms (adj) insincere, affected, dishonest, hypocritical, replica, 8. tangible; synonyms (adj) palpable, perceptible, evident, corporeal, definite, sensible, adequate, bodily, commensurate, competent, discernible, enough, (n) applicable, available, handy; antonym (adj) intangible, 9. reality; synonyms (n) fact, existence, certainty, realism, being, realness, entity, genuineness, loyalty, substance, trueness, veracity, verity, effect, (v) efficiency; antonyms (n) delusion, dream, imagination, vision, 10. truth (doğruluk); synonyms (n) exactness, sincerity, correctness, fidelity, accuracy, faithfulness, honesty, precision, authenticity, faith, uprightness, justice, principle, axiom, gospel; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication, fiction, lie, 11. substantial (önemli); synonyms (adj) firm, strong, considerable, important, significant, momentous, sturdy, ample, big, durable, grave, heavy, hefty, large, massive; antonyms (adj) insignificant, small, ethereal, fine, worthless, 12. proper; synonyms (adj) appropriate, due, decent, fit, agreeable, apt, becoming, befitting, decorous, fitting, modest, suitable, neat, formal, individual; antonyms (adj) improper, inappropriate, unseemly, wrong, rude, 13. positive (olumlu, pozitif); synonyms (adj) affirmative, confident, decisive, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible, peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, arbitrary, assured, categorical, clear, constructive; antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain, unsure, pessimistic, sad, 14. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) perfect, reasonable, equitable, ethical, full, (adv) correctly, exactly, (n) privilege, law, liberty, authority, claim, freedom, interest, (v) rectify; antonyms (adj) unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, 15. virtual (sanal); synonyms (adj) potential, practical, implicit, comparative, qualified, quasi, replicated, simulated, basic, energizing, indirect, tacit, unacknowledged. gerçekçi realistic; synonyms (adj) naturalistic, graphic, lifelike, practical, pragmatic, truthful, feasible, actual, hardheaded, sober, attainable, authentic, photographic; antonym (adj) unrealistic. gerçekçilik realism; synonyms (n) naturalism, reality, authenticity, fidelity, realness, truth, verisimilitude, accuracy, certainty, closeness, dependability, expediency, faithfulness, reasonableness, sensibleness; antonym (n) idealism.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English gerçekleştirme implementation; synonyms (n) execution, fulfillment, enforcement, accomplishment, effectuation, performance, exercise, executing, completion, doing, effect, acceptance, functioning, agreement, approval. gerçekleştirmek 1. realize; synonyms (v) fulfill, achieve, perform, discover, attain, accomplish, appreciate, complete, execute, know, make, recognize, sense, obtain, effect, 2. implement (alet, araç); synonyms (v) fulfil, apply, enforce, discharge, realize, do, (n) tool, apparatus, utensil, appliance, device, instrument, gadget, organ, contrivance, 3. effect (etki, sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, impression, outgrowth, (v) create, cause, bring, carry, induce, use, win; antonym (n) reason. gerçeklik 1. truth (doğruluk); synonyms (n) exactness, reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness, fact, fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty, faithfulness, honesty, precision, authenticity; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 2. reality; synonyms (n) existence, realism, being, realness, truth, entity, loyalty, positive, substance, trueness, veracity, effect, (v) deed, efficiency, act; antonyms (n) fantasy, delusion, dream, imagination, vision. gerçekte virtually; synonyms (adv) almost, literally, most, close, (adj) nearly, near, practically, about, nigh, negatively. gerçekten 1. indeed; synonyms (adv) actually, certainly, exactly, much, really, surely, greatly, absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively, precisely, so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv) possibly, 2. really; synonyms (adv) honestly, genuinely, real, very, simply, authentically, practically, essentially, extremely, highly, quite, right, just, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 3. honestly; synonyms (adv) frankly, fairly, candidly, directly, justly, faithfully, aboveboard, openly, fair, bluntly, plainly, (adj) earnestly, accurately; antonyms (adv) dishonestly, deceitfully, misleadingly, 4. actually; synonyms (adv) presently, correctly, literally, physically, bodily, easily, effectually, indisputably, truthfully, actively, efficaciously, evidently, forthwith, hence, immediately, 5. truly; synonyms (adv) legitimately, loyally, awfully, completely, fully, rightfully; antonym (adv) falsely, 6. positively; synonyms (adv) necessarily, expressly, decidedly, categorically, favorably, yes; antonyms (adv) disapprovingly, negatively. gerçi though; synonyms (conj) nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, whereas, while, (adv) even, tho', (adj) although, however. gereç material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body, cloth, matter, stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily,

183

corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete, important, physical, real, essential. gerek 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require, destitution, indigence, involve, (n) demand, want, desire, deficiency, must, necessity, deprivation, requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2. requirement (gereksinim); synonyms (n) need, essential, obligation, prerequisite, provision, clause, condition, exigency, necessary, proviso, precondition, qualification, requisite, stipulation, command; antonym (n) option. gerekçe 1. justification; synonyms (n) apology, defense, account, reason, defence, cause, basis, explanation, grounds, vindication, foundation, authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse, 2. rationale; synonyms (n) principle, motive, justification, ascription, attribution, etiology, theory, 3. reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect, occasion, argument, object, purpose, rationality, understanding, incentive, (v) argue, debate, conclude, deduce, discuss, ground. gerekçeleme justification; synonyms (n) apology, defense, account, reason, defence, cause, basis, explanation, grounds, vindication, foundation, authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse. gereken due; synonyms (adj) appropriate, equitable, just, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, (adv) right, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, privilege, tax, desert; antonyms (adj) paid, undue. gerekli 1. necessary; synonyms (adj) essential, compulsory, important, inevitable, basic, mandatory, fundamental, imperative, indispensable, main, obligatory, (n) requisite, necessity, demand, need; antonyms (adj) unnecessary, optional, surplus, needless, unjustified, 2. essential; synonyms (adj) necessary, crucial, inherent, constituent, elementary, natural, central, constitutional, elemental, innate, intrinsic, material, prerequisite, primary, (n) base; antonyms (adj) minor, secondary, (n) inessential, option, unimportant, peripheral, luxury, 3. required; synonyms (adj) needed, needful, bound, desired, binding, wanted, vital; antonyms (adj) free, undesirable. gereklilik 1. necessity; synonyms (n) demand, need, lack, essential, exigency, compulsion, emergency, constraint, distress, indigence, must, necessary, obligation, requirement, want; antonym (n) option, 2. must; synonyms (v) have, mold, ought, shall, should, (n) necessity, mustiness, requisite, condition, prerequisite, (adj) goatish. gereksinim 1. requirement; synonyms (n) need, necessity, demand, essential, obligation, prerequisite, provision, claim, clause, condition, exigency, must, necessary, proviso, want; antonym (n) option, 2. need; synonyms (v) lack, require, destitution, indigence, involve, exact, have, take, (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

184

Turkish - English

desire, deficiency, deprivation, requirement, absence, beggary, distress; antonym (n) wealth, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth, penury, privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, ambition, fancy; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. gereksinme want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, demand, destitution, indigence, necessity, penury; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. gereksiz 1. needless; synonyms (adj) gratuitous, unnecessary, dispensable, excessive, meaningless, pointless, preventable, wanton, (v) superfluous; antonym (adj) necessary, 2. unnecessary; synonyms (adj) redundant, needless, surplus, excess, spare, undue, useless, extra, unneeded; antonym (adj) reasonable, 3. redundant; synonyms (adj) pleonastic, wordy, additional, repetitious, exuberant, superabundant, supererogatory, supernumerary, verbose, windy. gerektirmek 1. involve; synonyms (v) imply, contain, affect, embrace, entail, implicate, comprise, complicate, demand, encompass, engage, envelop, include, tangle, (n) entangle; antonym (v) exclude, 2. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, faithful, (v) accurate, close, require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, destitution, indigence, necessity, penury, privation; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. gergi stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. gergin 1. tense; synonyms (adj) strained, edgy, nervous, taut, stiff, uptight, jumpy, wired, stretched, jittery, tight, (v) overwrought, strain, extend, tighten; antonyms (adj) relaxed, calm, comfortable, tranquil, loose, (v) relax, 2. tight; synonyms (adj) close, compact, firm, mean, parsimonious, secure, snug, tense, drunk, miserly, rigorous, (v) narrow, fast, stingy, near; antonyms (adj) baggy, generous, slack, wide, (adv) loosely. gerginlik 1. tension (gerilim); synonyms (n) tenseness, pressure, strain, nervousness, stress, tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, effort, anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity; antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 2. stress (stres); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, tension, force, importance, pinch, accentuation, brunt, (v) emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble, highlight, 3. strain; synonyms (n) breed, stretch, exertion, race, reach, song, (v)

filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 4. stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension, range, span, (v) elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, broaden, distend, expand; antonym (v) shorten. geri 1. back (arka, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance, 2. behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv) backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, (n) backside, bottom, buttocks, can, posterior, rump, tail, (adj) back; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore, 3. slow (Yavaş, yavaşlamak); synonyms (adj) dull, easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, belated, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v) accelerate, 4. rear; synonyms (adj) erect, (n) poop, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build, elevate, hoist, lift, edify, construct, parent. geribildirim feedback; synonyms (n) reply, response, reaction, repercussion, rejoinder, retort, (v) answer, respond.

gericilik reaction (reaksiyon, tepki, tepkime); synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling. geride back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance. gerileme 1. regression; synonyms (n) regress, lapse, setback, degeneration, deterioration, decay, relapse, retreat, retrogression, reverse, reversion, fixation, 2. recession; synonyms (n) decline, depression, fall, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding. gerilim 1. tension (gerginlik); synonyms (n) tenseness, pressure, strain, nervousness, stress, tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, effort, anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity; antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 2. voltage; synonyms (n) potential, emf, energy, power, current, electricity, potency, potentiality. gerilimsiz dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living. gerilme 1. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 2. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English accent, emphasis, pressure, tension, force, importance, pinch, accentuation, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble, 3. tension (gerginlik, gerilim); synonyms (n) tenseness, nervousness, tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity, electricity, hostility, spring, stretching; antonyms (n) calmness, looseness. gerilmek tense; synonyms (adj) strained, edgy, nervous, taut, stiff, uptight, jumpy, wired, stretched, jittery, tight, (v) overwrought, strain, extend, tighten; antonyms (adj) relaxed, calm, comfortable, tranquil, loose, (v) relax. Gerinme stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension, range, (v) extend, reach, strain, elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, broaden; antonym (v) shorten. gerinmek stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension, range, (v) extend, reach, strain, elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, broaden; antonym (v) shorten. gerisinde behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv) backward, backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, (n) backside, bottom, buttocks, can, posterior, (adj) back, rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore. geriye 1. backwards; synonyms (adv) back, backward, rearward, rearwards, about, arrear, caudad, contrarily, reflexively, (adv, adj) topsy-turvy, 2. back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage, finance; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance. germe 1. spreading; synonyms (adj) scattering, diffusing, contagious, diffusive, (n) diffusion, dissemination, propagation, dispersion, circulation, spread, dispersal, extension, scatter, distribution, airing, 2. tension (gerginlik, gerilim); synonyms (n) tenseness, pressure, strain, nervousness, stress, tautness, tensity, tone, nerves, suspense, effort, anxiety, balance, disagreement, elasticity; antonyms (n) calmness, looseness, 3. strain; synonyms (n) breed, stretch, exertion, race, reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. germek 1. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure, attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension, range, (v) extend, reach, strain, elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, broaden; antonym (v) shorten, 3. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, sequence, fiber, procession, rope, (adj) line, 4. strain; synonyms (n)

185

stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, song, stock, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, percolate; antonym (v) relax, 5. tense; synonyms (adj) strained, edgy, nervous, taut, stiff, uptight, jumpy, wired, stretched, jittery, tight, dramatic, exciting, (v) overwrought, tighten; antonyms (adj) relaxed, calm, comfortable, tranquil, loose. getiri yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return, give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford; antonyms (v) resist, persevere. getirmek 1. fetch; synonyms (v) carry, bring, convey, draw, elicit, attract, catch, get, retrieve, transport, conduct, extract, earn, bear, (adj) feint, 2. bring; synonyms (v) fetch, put, take, reduce, afford, bestow, deliver, land, move, provide, beget, accompany, arrest, contribute, escort, 3. return (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (n) yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 4. get

(almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, buy, come, fall, achieve, capture, cause, engage, find, have, make, obtain; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave. gevezelik gossip (dedikodu); synonyms (n) rumor, chitchat, gab, chatterbox, conversation, babble, comment, talk, blabbermouth, (v) chat, chatter, natter, tattle, blab, chaffer; antonym (n) fact. gevrek 1. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, (v) proffer, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough, 2. short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy. gevşek 1. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged, 2. floppy; synonyms (adj) flabby, flaccid, drooping, loose, slack, soft, baggy, droopy, (n) diskette; antonym (adj) stiff. gevşeme relaxation; synonyms (n) ease, diversion, amusement, pastime, entertainment, recreation, rest, leisure, comfort, quiet, remission, repose, respite, peace, hobby. gevşetme relaxation (gevşeme); synonyms (n) ease, diversion, amusement, pastime, entertainment, recreation, rest, leisure, comfort, quiet, remission, repose, respite, peace, hobby. gevşetmek 1. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

186

Turkish - English

satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 2. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 3. relax; synonyms (v) loose, abate, give, lounge, unbend, melt, debilitate, ease, remit, slack, soften, unbrace, (n) loosen, release, (adj) relent; antonyms (v) tighten, tense. geyik deer; synonyms (n) stag, cervid, antelopes, bison, camels, cattle, chevrotains, fox, vixen, giraffes, goats, sheep. gezegen planet; synonyms (n) globe, satellite, world, sphere, orbiter. gezgin mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless. gezi 1. trip; synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix, 2. tour; synonyms (n) circuit, round, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, turn, walk, spell, circle, (v) ride, visit, 3. journey (seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) way, course, outing, traverse, movement, route, exodus, journeying, progress, (v) cruise, fare, navigate, hike, move, proceed. gezici 1. mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless, 2. travelling; synonyms (n) traveling, travel, locomotion. gezinti 1. walk (yürümek, yürüyüş); synonyms (v) ramble, course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, 2. trip (gezi); synonyms (n) expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, lapse, run, drive, misstep, ride, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, skip, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix, 3. ride; synonyms (n) outing, lift, voyage, driving, (v) bait, float, mount, rag, tease, harass, annoy, drift, climb, continue, (adj) bestride. gezmek tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion, circuit, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition, travel, ride. gibi 1. as (Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, because, since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic, 2. like (beğenmek, benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v) corresponding,

enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy, (adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same, parallel, (n) love, relish; antonyms (prep) unlike, (v) dislike, (adj) different. gıcırtı jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow, crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt, clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce. gıda food (besin, yiyecek); synonyms (n) board, edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish, nourishment, sustenance, eating, fodder, meat, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum. giden outgoing; synonyms (adj) friendly, expansive, forthcoming, gregarious, demonstrative, extrovert, companionable, open, sociable, extroverted, extrovertish; antonyms (adj) inward, next, reserved, incoming, introverted. gider 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost, disbursement, consumption, expense, outlay, exhaustion, outgo, expenses, payment, price, spending, use, acquit, assets; antonyms (n) income, savings, 2. expense; synonyms (n) expenditure, amount, detriment, fee, toll, disbursal. gidermek 1. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, convince, delight, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify, 2. repair (onarım, onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend, go; antonym (v) break. gidiş 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure, exit, leaving, parting, disappearance, expiration, action, passing, (adj) running, working, 2. departure; synonyms (n) death, leave, depart, deviation, divergence, aberration, digression, going, takeoff, variation, withdrawal, dying, escape, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 3. go (gitmek); synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break, crack, disappear, drive, run, travel, fall, extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow, move, 4. stream (akım); synonyms (n) flow, brook, river, spurt, rush, (v) flood, crowd, gush, jet, pour, swarm, runnel, creek, deluge, (prep) current; antonym (v) trickle. gidişat course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase. Gir enter (girmek); synonyms (v) enlist, embark, enroll, book, chronicle, record, input, arrive, come, accede, attack, begin, board, enrol, insert; antonyms (v) leave, depart, delete, exit. girdap gulf; synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove, abysm, inlet, pit, ravine, rift, hollow. girdi 1. input (giriş); synonyms (n) contribution, incoming, data, advice, feed, arousal, comment,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English expression, foreplay, influence, stimulant, stimulation, stimulus, voice, (v) accredit, 2. entry (giriş); synonyms (n) entrance, admission, article, door, accession, access, admittance, doorway, entree, hall, record, enrollment, entering, entranceway, entryway; antonym (n) exit. girift intricate; synonyms (adj) complex, complicated, difficult, involved, knotty, hard, tricky, convoluted, elaborate, entangled, inextricable, obscure, tortuous, knotted, (n) composite; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward. girinti recession; synonyms (n) decline, depression, fall, niche, recess, slump, corner, receding. giriş 1. introduction; synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript, 2. entry; synonyms (n) article, door, accession, access, admittance, doorway, entree, hall, record, enrollment, entering, entranceway, entryway, gateway, incursion; antonym (n) exit, 3. input (girdi); synonyms (n) contribution, incoming, data, advice, feed, arousal, comment, expression, foreplay, influence, stimulant, stimulation, stimulus, voice, (v) accredit, 4. access; synonyms (n) approach, gate, attack, fit, outburst, passage, (v) enter, infiltrate, 5. intake; synonyms (n) absorption, consumption, ingestion, drinking, eating, uptake, expenditure, receipt, harvest, ingesta, phthisis, tap, usance, 6. entrance; synonyms (n) arrival, threshold, advent, appearance, (v) enchant, captivate, charm, bewitch, enrapture, fascinate, enthrall, delight, beguile, capture, enamor; antonyms (n) departure, (v) bore, 7. admission (kabul); synonyms (n) acceptance, acknowledgment, confession, declaration, reception, recognition, confirmation, acquiescence, affirmation, allowance, concession, inclusion, introduction, pass, permission; antonym (n) denial, 8. door (kapı); synonyms (n) mouth, hatch, inlet, porch, portal, wicket, chops, covercle. girişim 1. interference (karışma); synonyms (n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism, intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision, 2. initiative; synonyms (n) enterprise, gumption, opening, ambition, energy, drive, inventiveness, creativity, originality, enterprisingness, (adj) initial, inaugural, initiatory, incipient, first, 3. enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, courage, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture, corporation, establishment, 4. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, assay, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, bid, exertion, go, (v) struggle,

187

aim, chance, undertake, seek, 5. undertaking; synonyms (n) labor, promise, task, attempt, project, job, duty, guarantee, pledge, work, commitment, affair, assignment, engagement, action, 6. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, bang, bullet, discharge, guess, jab, missile, nip, (adj) iridescent, 7. go (gitmek); synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break, depart, disappear, run, travel, fall, extend, function, operate, (n) fare, (adj) follow, move, 8. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, stride, (v) pace, proceeding, tread, 9. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. girişken aggressive; synonyms (adj) belligerent, active, energetic, enterprising, hostile, invasive, offensive, pushy, warlike, strong, strenuous, assertive, dynamic, militant, pugnacious; antonyms (adj) peaceful, friendly, peaceable, passive, peace-loving, suspicious. girişkenlik enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy, courage, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture, corporation. girişmek undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try, accept, contract, covenant, guarantee, tackle, take, assume, assure, begin, engage, promise, endeavor, seek. giriþ input (girdi, giriş); synonyms (n) contribution, incoming, data, advice, feed, arousal, comment, expression, foreplay, influence, stimulant, stimulation, stimulus, voice, (v) accredit. girme 1. entrance; synonyms (n) admission, access, entry, admittance, arrival, door, doorway, threshold, accession, (v) enchant, captivate, charm, bewitch, enrapture, fascinate; antonyms (n) departure, exit, (v) bore, 2. entry (giriş); synonyms (n) entrance, article, entree, hall, record, enrollment, entering, entranceway, entryway, gateway, incursion, note, opening, register, gate. girmek 1. enter; synonyms (v) enlist, embark, enroll, book, chronicle, record, input, arrive, come, accede, attack, begin, board, enrol, insert; antonyms (v) leave, depart, delete, exit, 2. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace, proceeding. gırtlak throat (boğaz); synonyms (n) gullet, orifice, pharynx, gorge, mouth, muzzle, chimney, flue, funnel, nostril, nozzle, quarl, shaft, sucker. gitme 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure, exit, leaving, parting, disappearance, expiration, action, passing, (adj) running, working,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

188

Turkish - English

2. go (gitmek); synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break, crack, depart, disappear, drive, run, travel, fall, extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow. gitmek 1. go; synonyms (v) come, elapse, pass, break, crack, depart, disappear, drive, run, travel, fall, extend, function, (n) fare, (adj) follow, 2. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, flow, bear, disturb, actuate, (n) motion, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. repair (onarım, onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend, reclaim. gıyap absence (yokluk); synonyms (n) absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want, nonattendance, paucity, scarcity, shortage; antonyms (n) presence, attendance. giydirme dressing; synonyms (n) bandage, bandaging, binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding, castigation, coating, surfacing. giydirmek dress (elbise); synonyms (n) attire, costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress. giyim 1. clothing; synonyms (n) clothes, apparel, attire, dress, gear, outfit, threads, habit, wear, (v) vesture, 2. dress (elbise); synonyms (n) costume, array, dressing, frock, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover, deck, decorate; antonym (v) undress. giyinme wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. giyinmek dress (elbise); synonyms (n) attire, costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress. giymek 1. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh, 2. don; synonyms (n) teacher, instructor, master, preceptor, professor, academic, bigwig, coach, corypheus, crammer, director, (v) assume, wear. giysi 1. costume (kostüm); synonyms (n) attire, clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit, outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garment, garments, gown, (v) clothe, 2. garment; synonyms (n) habiliment, habit, vest, things, (v) raiment, tog, enclothe, 3. clothes (elbise); synonyms (n) wardrobe, thing, toggery, vesture, wear, 4. dress (elbise); synonyms (n) costume, array, dressing, frock, covering, (v) rig, trim, adjust, adorn, bandage, cover, deck, decorate, align, arrange; antonym (v)

undress, 5. wear; synonyms (v) endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, assume, break, don, have, last, stand, exhaust, (n) erosion; antonym (v) refresh. giz secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult, secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n) known, public. gizem 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum, arcanum, enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle, secrecy, craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle, whodunit, cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness, explanation, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult, clandestine, dark, esoteric, (n) privacy, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n) known, public. gizemli 1. mystical; synonyms (adj) mystic, mysterious, esoteric, hidden, occult, secret, cryptic, cryptical, metaphysical, 2. mysterious; synonyms (adj) inscrutable, deep, eerie, incomprehensible, inexplicable, abstruse, arcane, dark, obscure, clandestine, concealed, covert, enigmatic, impenetrable, mystical; antonyms (adj) known, straightforward, apparent, normal. Gizle hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n) cover, fur, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express. gizleme secretion; synonyms (n) exudation, discharge, emission, exhalation, extrusion, juice, concealment, liquid, emanation, discrimination, flow, production, release, secernment, pus. gizlemek 1. hide; synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n) cover, fur, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express, 2. cloak; synonyms (n) camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind, blanket, curtain, (v) wrap, dissemble, hide, drape, envelop, mantle, shroud; antonyms (v) disclose, uncover, 3. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, riddle, partition, guard, protection, covert, concealment, divider, (v) shield, protect, filter, safeguard, sieve, defend, harbor, 4. obscure; synonyms (adj) cloudy, dim, dark, gloomy, ambiguous, concealed, hidden, incomprehensible, muddy, mysterious, clandestine, confused, (v) blur, confuse, (n) difficult; antonyms (adj) clear, noticeable, simple, obvious, distinct, mainstream, (v) clarify, 5. mask (maske, maskelemek); synonyms (n) guise, pretense, masque, facade, covering, pretext, appearance, color, gauze, semblance, shutter, (v) dissimulate, feign, secrete, 6. conceal; synonyms (v) smother, suppress, ensconce, muffle, cache, withhold, belie,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English fold, contain, bosom, check, palliate, (n) shadow; antonym (v) divulge. gizlenme hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering, concealing, concealment, beating, thrashing, rout, ambush, coverture, abscondence, covert, defeat, defense, hitting, (adj) cowardly; antonym (n) victory. gizlenmek hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n) cover, fur, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express. gizli 1. confidential; synonyms (adj) close, classified, private, secret, clandestine, intimate, privileged, thick, inner, closet, bosom, familiar, hidden, inward, personal; antonym (adj) public, 2. hidden; synonyms (adj) concealed, obscure, dark, covert, latent, arcane, buried, confidential, covered, deep, disguised, invisible, masked, mysterious, underground; antonyms (adj) obvious, exposed, open, active, noticeable, overt, revealing, 3. secret; synonyms (adj) furtive, occult, secrecy, esoteric, mystic, privy, recondite, stealthy, surreptitious, confidence, (n) privacy, arcanum, enigma, mystery, (v) secluded; antonym (n) known, 4. blind (kör, kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick, veil, camouflage, cheat, cloak; antonym (adj) sighted, 5. inner (iç); synonyms (adj) internal, interior, central, inside, mental, middle, domestic, inland; antonyms (adj) external, outer, 6. invisible; synonyms (adj) imperceptible, inconspicuous, intangible, impalpable, unseeable, unseen, evanescent; antonyms (adj) visible, conspicuous, 7. dark (koyu); synonyms (adj) black, dismal, cheerless, dim, blind, blue, gloomy, murky, sable, abstruse, (n) cloudy, darkness, evening, night, shadow; antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, clear, pale, pallid, sunlit, (n) light, day, 8. classified; synonyms (adj) hush-hush, chronological, exclusive, regular, undisclosed, 9. latent; synonyms (adj) potential, dormant, inactive, possible, smoldering, 10. restricted; synonyms (v) qualified, (adj) limited, confined, cramped, narrow, constrained, local, controlled, finite, prohibited, bounded, circumscribed, reserved, tight, captive; antonyms (adj) unrestricted, far-reaching, free, liberated, unimpeded, unlimited, wide, 11. underground; synonyms (adj) undercover, belowground, guerilla, guerrilla, irregular, (n) metro, subway, tube, resistance, (v) underhand. gizlilik 1. privacy (mahremiyet); synonyms (n) seclusion, secrecy, confidentiality, darkness, privateness, retreat, concealment, loneliness, shelter, retirement, solitude, 2. secrecy; synonyms (n) privacy, silence, mystery, secretiveness, mum,

189

furtiveness, closeness, stealth, covertness, dark, muteness; antonym (n) openness. glikoz glucose; synonyms (n) caramel, damson. global global; synonyms (adj) general, international, overall, cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide, comprehensive, earthly, ecumenical, total, globose, globular, inclusive, orbicular, planetary; antonyms (adj) local, national. göbek 1. belly (karın); synonyms (n) abdomen, stomach, inside, bowels, intestines, waist, entrails, gut, paunch, venter, (v) balloon, swell, billow, bloat, bulge, 2. core (çekirdek); synonyms (n) bosom, center, essence, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre, crux, focus; antonym (adj) minor. göç 1. immigration; synonyms (n) migration, colonization, entrance, relocation, journey, movement, passage, resettlement, voyage, (v) emigration, intermigration, 2. migration; synonyms (n) exodus, transmigration, departure, exile, metempsychosis, evacuation, flood, travel, (v) flit, flitting. göğüs 1. breast; synonyms (n) bosom, boob, chest, knocker, tit, titty, mammilla, bust, heart, mamma, nipple, pap, soul, spirit, (v) front, 2. chest; synonyms (n) box, bureau, case, casket, dresser, chamber, crate, thorax, treasury, trunk. gök sky (gökyüzü); synonyms (n) air, heaven, atmosphere, heavens, space, (v) fling, flip, pitch, agitate, alternate, cant, chuck, convulse, deliver, discard. gökada galaxy (galaksi); synonyms (n) constellation, beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax, bunch, coltsfoot, speckling, wandflower, (adj) array, army, sea, sight, star, sun. gökkuşağı bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer. gökyüzü 1. sky (gök); synonyms (n) air, heaven, atmosphere, heavens, space, (v) fling, flip, pitch, agitate, alternate, cant, chuck, convulse, deliver, discard, 2. air (hava, havalandırmak); synonyms (n) tune, appearance, manner, look, melody, strain, face, aspect, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate. gol goal (hedef, kale); synonyms (n) aim, butt, design, destination, end, purpose, basket, ambition, intent, intention, object, objective, target, aspiration, limit. göl 1. lake; synonyms (n) loch, pond, pool, puddle, carmine, crimson, lin, maroon, plash, slab, tank, basin, pink, red, scarlet, 2. loch; synonyms (n) bay, lake, inlet, tarn, well, looch, lincture. gölcük pool (havuz); synonyms (n) plash, lake, pond, mere, cartel, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards, lough, store, (v) combine, merge, associate. golf golf; synonyms (n) croquet, pallone, polo, tipcat.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

190

Turkish - English

gölge 1. shadow; synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, 2. shade (gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, hue, blind, cloud, conceal, dye, nuance, tone, look, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness.

gölgelemek 1. shade (gölge, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness, 2. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, tail, trace, hint, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, umbrage, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, track, dog.

gölgelendirmek 1. shade (gölge, gölgelemek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness, 2. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, tail, trace, hint, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, umbrage, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, track, dog. gölgelik canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor. gömlek 1. shirt; synonym (n) shirtwaist, 2. jacket (ceket); synonyms (n) casing, sheath, case, cover, covering, envelope, coat, skin, shield, wrap, (v) clothe. gömme 1. funeral; synonyms (n) burial, entombment, interment, pyre, wake, committal, (adj) funebrial, 2. sunk; synonyms (v) dashed, (adj) sunken, undone, finished, profound, ruined, immersed, blasted, buried, damaged, damp, deep, dejected, depressed, desolate. Gönder send (göndermek, yollamak); synonyms (v) despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward, give, mail, post, carry, divert, project, beam, cast, channel. gönderme 1. reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer, 2. transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting. göndermek 1. send (yollamak); synonyms (v) despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward, give, mail, post, carry, divert, project, beam, cast, channel, 2. forward (ileri); synonyms (adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced, early, brazen, confident, (n) further, (v) advance, expedite, promote, cultivate; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior, 3. ship (gemi);

synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft, bottom, (v) send, transport, consign, embark, move, transfer, charge, transmit, 4. refer (bakmak, başvurmak); synonyms (v) allude, apply, pertain, submit, commend, advert, impute, name, relate, invoke, adduce, ascribe, attribute, appeal, cite. gönenç prosperity; synonyms (n) affluence, success, wealth, flourish, fortune, welfare, opulence, abundance, good, prosperousness, benefit, growth, riches, thrift, (adv) happiness; antonym (n) poverty. gönül heart (kalp, yürek); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux, essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, (adj) gist; antonym (n) edge. gönüllü 1. volunteer; synonyms (n) voluntary, (v) offer, proffer, tender, extend, propose, submit, (adj) unpaid, 2. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed, ready, spontaneous, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, consenting, obliging, content, desirous, game, glad; antonyms (adj) unwilling, reluctant, 3. voluntary; synonyms (adj) optional, deliberate, gratuitous, intentional, willing, willful, elective, (n) volunteer; antonyms (adj) involuntary, compulsory, forced, instinctive. gönüllülük 1. readiness; synonyms (n) facility, alacrity, ease, dexterity, eagerness, expedition, knack, preparation, promptness, quickness, fitness, maturity, aptitude, (v) preparedness, ripeness, 2. willingness; synonyms (n) readiness, obedience, desire, appetite, volition, amity, benevolence, conformity, favor, generosity, support, gameness, inclination, keenness; antonym (n) unwillingness. gönülsüz reluctant; synonyms (adj) disinclined, loath, averse, unwilling, hesitant, indisposed, loth, involuntary, backward, diffident, shy, chary, slow, tardy, adverse; antonyms (adj) inclined, willing, eager. gönülsüzlük reluctance; synonyms (n) disinclination, aversion, hesitation, indisposition, distaste, disgust, dislike, opposition, repugnance, unwillingness, diffidence, hesitancy, scruple; antonym (n) inclination. gönye square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just. göre by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. göreceli relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. göreli relative; synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator,

congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. görenek custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke. görev 1. task; synonyms (n) job, assignment, charge, commission, duty, enterprise, labor, project, stint, occupation, activity, business, chore, (v) tax, exercise, 2. job (iş); synonyms (n) employment, position, work, career, matter, post, task, concern, function, line, mission, office, profession, trade, vocation, 3. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board, delegation, mandate, warrant, committee, errand, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, empower, place, nominate, 4. assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, allotment, appointment, assigning, apportionment, assignation, consignment, designation, transfer, conveyance, delivery, grant, problem, 5. mission; synonyms (n) deputation, goal, legation, delegacy, calling, expedition, purpose, agendum, care, 6. service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony, utility, agency, ministry, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance, repair, 7. function (fonksiyon, işlev); synonyms (n) role, service, application, part, party, procedure, use, affair, force, (v) act, run, go, operate, suffice, exploit, 8. office (büro, ofis); synonyms (n) division, authority, berth, bureau, engagement, location, establishment, department, situation, spot, lieu, attitude, branch, management, (adj) clerical, 9. duty; synonyms (n) commitment, obligation, dues, must, responsibility, custom, assessment, debt, deference, impost, toll, burden, allegiance, piety, demand, 10. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article, character, component, cut, portion, section, share, (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce, class, cleave; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 11. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command, bill, accusal, assail, direction, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault, cost, fill; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 12. appointment (atama, randevu); synonyms (n) date, fitting, rendezvous, conference, election, encounter, meeting, naming, selection, appointee, 13. work (çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) action, book, composition, writing, deed, effort, (v) toil, cultivate, ferment, form, manipulate, operation, produce, do, forge; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 14. position (konum); synonyms (n) lay, condition, opinion, placement, rank, set, arrangement, bearing, (v) grade, fix, locate, arrange, install, point, pose. görevlendirmek commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board, mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant,

191

assignment, charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate. görevli employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer. görgül empirical; synonyms (adj) empiric, experimental, observational, observed, pragmatic, charlatanical, practical, experient, factual, pretentious, provisional, quackish, speculative, (v) tentative, probationary; antonym (adj) theoretical. görgülü experienced; synonyms (adj) accomplished, capable, educated, competent, expert, knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient, skillful, sophisticated, trained, able, conversant, informed; antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive, immature. görgüsüz provincial; synonyms (adj) local, country, insular, parochial, unsophisticated, narrow, rural, (n) bucolic, peasant, rustic, churl; antonym (adj) cosmopolitan. görkem 1. glory (şan); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast, 2. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 3. majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur, loftiness, splendor, greatness, magnificence, nobility, stateliness, king, royalty, highness, pomp, emperor, holiness, (adj) solemnity. görkemli 1. splendid; synonyms (adj) fine, gorgeous, illustrious, magnificent, beautiful, brilliant, grand, noble, royal, gallant, proud, admirable, good, (v) glorious, (n) excellent; antonym (adj) poor, 2. magnificent; synonyms (adj) imposing, splendid, grandiose, elegant, superb, divine, exquisite, fabulous, luxurious, majestic, rich, stately, brave, impressive, lovely, 3. brilliant; synonyms (adj) bright, intelligent, luminous, spectacular, sunny, vivid, brainy, diamond, gaudy, gifted, incandescent, meteoric, sharp, (v) smart, (n) jewel; antonyms (adj) dull, dim, awful, dark. görme 1. vision; synonyms (n) sight, view, dream, daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination, image, phantom, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality, 2. sight (görüş); synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, prospect, scene, show, aspect, eye, eyesight, (v) aim, spot, see, appearance, descry, discern, perceive. görmek 1. see (anlamak); synonyms (v) look, feel, discover, appreciate, behold, consider, deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice, recognize, apprehend, (adj) observe, perceive, 2. experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, taste, (v) encounter, endure, suffer,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

192

Turkish - English

examine, enjoy, have, live, meet, receive, sustain, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 3. look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, 4. sight (görüş); synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, prospect, scene, show, eye, eyesight, outlook, spectacle, (v) aim, spot, descry, detect, find, (adj) eyesore, 5. view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) sight, judgment, opinion, idea, thought, notion, position, survey, belief, estimation, impression, panorama, perspective, persuasion, (v) regard, 6. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw. görsel visual; synonyms (adj) visible, graphic, ocular, optic, optical, seeable, artistic, decorative, diagrammatic, drawn, (n) visuals, image, picture, design, diagram. görü vision (görme); synonyms (n) sight, view, dream, daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination, image, phantom, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality. görülebilir visual (görsel); synonyms (adj) visible, graphic, ocular, optic, optical, seeable, artistic, decorative, diagrammatic, drawn, (n) visuals, image, picture, design, diagram. görüngü phenomenon (fenomen); synonyms (n) event, appearance, marvel, miracle, incident, development, prodigy, wonder, occurrence, happening, apparition, fact, sight, manifestation, matter. görünmek 1. appear; synonyms (v) occur, rise, seem, sound, emerge, show, break, arise, arrive, begin, feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come; antonyms (v) disappear, vanish, 2. look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) appear, expect, figure, attend, (n) face, gaze, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, glance, guise, view, (int) behold, 3. seem; synonyms (v) beseem, act, front, 4. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, (n) display, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. görünmeyen invisible; synonyms (adj) imperceptible, hidden, inconspicuous, obscure, intangible, sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, unseeable, unseen, evanescent; antonyms (adj) obvious, visible, conspicuous. görünmez invisible; synonyms (adj) imperceptible, hidden, inconspicuous, obscure, intangible, sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, unseeable, unseen, evanescent; antonyms (adj) obvious, visible, conspicuous.

görüntü 1. image (resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v) depict, envision, 2. picture (resim, tablo); synonyms (n) photograph, paint, drawing, likeness, depiction, description, film, illustration, landscape, painting, (v) image, describe, draw, imagine, copy, 3. video; synonyms (n) television, movie, telecasting, (v) tape, record, 4. display; synonyms (n) array, presentation, appearance, screen, demonstration, exhibition, (v) exhibit, show, disclose, parade, expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate; antonym (v) conceal.

görüntüleme view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye. görünüm 1. outlook; synonyms (n) aspect, expectation, lookout, anticipation, hope, expectancy, angle, attitude, future, look, perspective, position, scene, (v) prospect, landscape, 2. appearance; synonyms (n) air, face, semblance, shape, show, advent, apparition, form, image, impression, manner, surface, view, appear, arrival; antonyms (n) disappearance, departure, vanishing, 3. view (bakış, bakmak, manzara); synonyms (n) sight, judgment, opinion, idea, outlook, thought, notion, spectacle, survey, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, behold, 4. perspective (perspektif); synonyms (n) panorama, horizon, standpoint, viewpoint, vision, slant, stance, vista, stand, 5. prospect; synonyms (n) possibility, chance, likelihood, picture, probability, forecast, candidate, prognosis, opening, foresight, occasion, opportunity, (v) explore, investigate, search; antonym (n) past. görünür visible; synonyms (adj) obvious, perceptible, conspicuous, apparent, evident, open, clear, discernible, manifest, noticeable, observable, plain, appreciable, visual, transparent; antonyms (adj) invisible, imperceptible. görünüş 1. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 2. appearance (görünüm); synonyms (n) air, face, semblance, shape, show, advent, apparition, form, image, impression, manner, view, appear, arrival, color; antonyms (n) disappearance, departure, vanishing, 3. aspect; synonyms (n) bearing, prospect, angle, facet, feature, quality, respect, scene, vista, attribute, demeanor, hue, attitude, carriage, (v) regard, 4. look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, expect, figure, attend, eye, peek, stare, gape, (n) gaze, glance, guise, cast, feel, glimpse, (int) behold, 5. outlook (görünüm); synonyms (n) expectation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English lookout, anticipation, hope, expectancy, future, perspective, position, slant, viewpoint, vision, mentality, spectacle, feeling, (v) landscape, 6. spectacle; synonyms (n) display, pageant, sight, exhibition, phenomenon, performance, picture, wonder, scenery, pageantry, play, pomp, representation, cavalcade, (v) parade; antonym (n) modesty, 7. sight (görüş); synonyms (n) eyesight, outlook, ken, opinion, (v) aim, spot, see, descry, discern, perceive, detect, find, notice, observe, (adj) eyesore, 8. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, perform, (n) exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. görüş 1. sight; synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, prospect, scene, show, view, aspect, eye, eyesight, (v) aim, spot, see, appearance, descry, discern, 2. vision (görme); synonyms (n) sight, dream, daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition, fantasy, hallucination, image, phantom, illusion, (v) fancy; antonym (n) reality, 3.

view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, judgment, opinion, idea, thought, notion, position, spectacle, survey, belief, (v) regard, observe, consider, behold, deem, 4. thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) conception, consideration, impression, feeling, reflection, sentiment, concept, apprehension, attention, care, cogitation, design, mind, plan; antonym (n) fact, 5. eye (göz); synonyms (n) optic, peeper, ring, center, centre, oculus, (v) gaze, stare, watch, glance, examine, eyeball, 6. concept; synonyms (n) theory, construct, perception, 7. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) advice, conjecture, guess, meaning, counsel, comment, estimate, decision, conviction, attitude, estimation, hypothesis, supposition, verdict, appraisal, 8. conception (fikir); synonyms (n) creation, comprehension, invention, understanding, initiation, appreciation, awareness, conceit, grasp, inkling, intellection, reading, sense, beginning, innovation; antonym (n) misconception. görüşme 1. talk (konuşma, konuşmak); synonyms (v) gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address, articulate, chat, prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue, palaver, 2. interview; synonyms (n) conference, consultation, audience, hearing, examination, appointment, discussion, meeting, parley, (v) question, interrogate, talk, encounter, 3. discussion; synonyms (n) argument, debate, controversy, consideration, dispute, negotiation, contention, contest, dissertation, huddle, review, speech, word, altercation, comment, 4. debate; synonyms (n) argue, argumentation, disputation, difference, disagreement, (v) contend, controvert, discuss, canvass, altercate, consider, deliberate,

193

moot, quarrel, reason; antonym (v) agree, 5. conference; synonyms (n) assembly, council, interview, congress, gathering, session, sitting, conclave, association, convocation, deliberation, seance, league, 6. intercourse; synonyms (n) communion, contact, acquaintance, coition, coitus, communication, dealings, commerce, copulation, fellowship, fucking, dealing, connection, (adj) familiarity, intimacy. görüşmek 1. discuss; synonyms (v) argue, debate, agitate, consult, deliberate, canvass, discourse, dispute, mention, moot, negotiate, reason, converse, weigh, controvert, 2. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 3. meet; synonyms (v) converge, find, assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill, gather, answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut, concur, collect, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid, disperse, diverge, 4. negotiate; synonyms (v) bargain, treat, mediate, intercede, confer, discuss, arbitrate, arrange, trade, contract, manage, barter, haggle, pass, settle, 5. consult; synonyms (v) consider, advise, refer, confab, confabulate, (n) talk, 6. interview; synonyms (n) conference, consultation, audience, conversation, hearing, examination, appointment, discussion, meeting, parley, (v) question, interrogate, 7. see (anlamak, görmek); synonyms (v) look, feel, discover, appreciate, behold, deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice, recognize, apprehend, ascertain, (adj) observe, perceive. Göster show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. gösterge 1. indicator; synonyms (n) gauge, index, indication, arrow, indicant, pointer, signpost, sign, signal, symbol, 2. index (dizin, indeks); synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indicator, indices, mark, record, (v) list, 3. legend; synonyms (n) caption, fable, fiction, tale, account, myth, story, title, tradition, chronicle, folklore, romance, narrative, saga, yarn. gösteri 1. demonstration; synonyms (n) parade, proof, argument, display, manifestation, presentation, demo, evidence, exhibition, illustration, show, testimony, showing, indication, (v) exposition, 2. show (göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, demonstrate, disclose, give, manifest, perform, (n) appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, pageant; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 3. performance (performans); synonyms (n) act,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

194

Turkish - English

discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment, observance, accomplishment, deed, completion, exploit, implementation, operation, recital, (v) action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice, 4. parade; synonyms (n) ceremony, pomp, flourish, demonstration, file, procession, (v) flaunt, array, strut, swagger, troop, walk, process, flash, promenade, 5. showing; synonyms (n) screening, revelation, viewing. gösterim 1. representation (temsil); synonyms (n) image, performance, depiction, picture, presentation, effigy, diagram, portrait, model, copy, description, emblem, illustration, likeness, appearance, 2. notation; synonyms (n) annotation, memo, note, memorandum, register, annotating, banknote, bill, billet, digit, distinction, document, eminence, greenback, line, 3. projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient. gösteriş 1. parade; synonyms (n) display, ostentation, show, pageant, ceremony, pomp, flourish, (v) flaunt, exhibit, demonstrate, array, strut, swagger, troop, walk, 2. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, perform, (n) appearance, produce, presentation, picture; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. gösterişli smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. gösterişsiz 1. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid; antonym (adj) intoxicated, 2. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v) appease, assuage, allay, silence, (n) calm, hush, compose, ease; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise. gösterme 1. demonstration (gösteri); synonyms (n) parade, proof, argument, display, manifestation, presentation, demo, evidence, exhibition, illustration, show, testimony, showing, indication, (v) exposition, 2. indication; synonyms (n) clue, index, designation, direction, mark, forerunner, herald, emblem, gesture, harbinger, hint, reference, cue, allusion, inkling, 3. showing; synonyms (n) exhibit, screening, revelation, viewing, 4. presentation; synonyms (n) donation, demonstration, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, gift, exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment, production, recital, debut.

göstermek 1. indicate; synonyms (v) denote, direct, augur, betoken, designate, imply, mark, show, foretell, foreshadow, argue, bespeak, bode, demonstrate, evince, 2. show (gösteri); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, disclose, evidence, give, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 3. point (nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, detail, (v) head, level, 4. represent (temsil etmek); synonyms (v) depict, portray, act, be, describe, embody, exemplify, illustrate, play, enact, make, impersonate, comprise, constitute, (adj) express, 5. disclose; synonyms (v) betray, declare, impart, detect, discover, divulge, reveal, convey, announce, air, communicate, bare, break, tell, (adj) confess; antonym (v) secrete, 6. display; synonyms (n) array, screen, demonstration, exhibition, scene, showing, spectacle, view, performance, fair, flash, manifestation, (v) brandish, flaunt, manifest, 7. teach; synonyms (v) inform, enlighten, coach, educate, instruct, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school, discipline, form, train, tutor, catechize, 8. produce; synonyms (v) effect, cause, bring, procreate, breed, construct, create, frame, generate, fetch, prepare, bear, beget, (n) gain, crop. göstermelik 1. sample (örnek); synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test, 2. specimen; synonyms (n) sample, copy, person, representative, type. göt arse; synonyms (n) anus, bottom, bum, arsehole, ass, asshole, backside, behind, butt, buttocks, can, derriere, fanny, fundament, hindquarters. gotik gothic; synonyms (adj) medieval, mediaeval, doggerel, outlandish, rude, tramontane, unclassical, chivalric, primitive, quaint, knightly.

götürmek 1. carry (nakletmek, taşımak); synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume, admit, 2. get (almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, achieve, beget, capture, cause, engage; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 3. take (almak); synonyms (v) get, adopt, carry, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, claim, demand, grab, have, (n) seize, (phr) receive; antonyms (v) refuse, abstain, add, 4. convey; synonyms (v) communicate, channel, express, transfer, transmit, impart, mean, cede, consign, deliver, ferry, grant, pass, recount, say, 5. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, command, dispose, (n) clue, advantage, hint, (adj) front; antonym (v) follow, 6. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English abide, stand, afford, allow, apply, brook, digest, endure, produce, suffer, support, teem, tolerate, undergo, wear. gövde 1. body (beden, vücut); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 2. hull; synonyms (n) crust, shell, hulk, husk, structure, body, glume, (v) skin, (adj) torso, trunk, bole, 3. stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v) originate, block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 4. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, 5. trunk (bavul); synonyms (n) stem, boot, proboscis, snout, box, stock, case, house, luggage, nose, stirps. göz 1. eye; synonyms (n) optic, opinion, peeper, (v) behold, see, view, gaze, stare, look, watch, glance, glimpse, examine, eyeball, regard, 2. drawer (çekmece); synonyms (n) draftsman, draughtsman, till, commode, engraver, case, locker, closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cupboard, draftsperson, 3. compartment; synonyms (n) cell, division, cabin, cubicle, separation, bay, booth, cubbyhole, (v) apartment, partition, 4. cell (göze, hücre); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave, chamber, compartment, coop, den, lair, recess. gözbebeği pupil; synonyms (n) follower, learner, student, scholar, apprentice, disciple, trainee, schoolchild, novice, adherent, tyro, ward, beginner, educatee. gözdağı threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger, hazard, peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen, scourge, terror, warning; antonym (n) safety. gözde 1. favourite; synonyms (adj) favored, (n) favorite, darling, ducky, pet, dearie, deary, blaze, ingle, fire, fireplace, flame, paramour, 2. pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, precious, (n) love, beloved, coddle, (v) caress, dear, dandle, fondle, baby, pamper, cherish, indulge, pat, cuddle. göze cell (hücre); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave, booth, chamber, compartment, coop, cubicle, den, lair, recess. gözetici supervisor (denetçi); synonyms (n) superintendent, director, overseer, boss, chief, manager, foreman, administrator, controller, examiner, executive, head, inspector, superior, keeper. gözetim 1. supervision; synonyms (n) oversight, charge, control, direction, management, superintendence, guidance, custody, observation, care, administration, command, government, supervising, (v) inspection, 2. surveillance; synonyms (n) supervision, vigilance, watch,

195

scrutiny, monitoring, lookout, examination, following, eye, intelligence, look, security, spying, bug, bugging; antonym (n) neglect. gözetleme 1. observation (gözlem); synonyms (n) comment, observance, remark, attention, inspection, notice, contemplation, conception, consideration, perception, reflection, idea, notion, (v) note, heed, 2. spy (casus); synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern, discover, observe, perceive, descry, behold, investigate. gözetlemek 1. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 2. spy (casus); synonyms (n) scout, detective, mole, patrol, emissary, (v) see, espy, snoop, discern, observe, perceive, descry, investigate, recognize, sight. gözlem observation; synonyms (n) comment, observance, remark, attention, inspection, notice, contemplation, conception, consideration, perception, reflection, idea, notion, (v) note, heed. gözlemci observer; synonyms (n) beholder, bystander, spectator, witness, eyewitness, onlooker, viewer, watcher, commentator, student. gözleme observation (gözlem); synonyms (n) comment, observance, remark, attention, inspection, notice, contemplation, conception, consideration, perception, reflection, idea, notion, (v) note, heed. gözlemek 1. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 2. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, check, (n) view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, lookout, (adj) vigilance. gözlemlemek observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel. gözlük 1. glasses; synonyms (n) spectacles, eyeglasses, specs, bifocals, monocle, 2. spectacles; synonyms (n) glasses, eyewear, visor, () barnacle. gözlükotu honesty (dürüstlük); synonyms (n) candor, fairness, integrity, justice, candidness, equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, faith, honestness, morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity; antonyms (n) dishonesty, deceit, deception, deviousness, treachery, wickedness. gözükmek appear (görünmek); synonyms (v) occur, rise, seem, sound, emerge, show, break, arise, arrive, begin, feel, happen, look, surface, (n) come; antonyms (v) disappear, vanish.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

196

Turkish - English

gözüpek bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest. gözyaşı tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave. grafik 1. graph; synonyms (n) figure, diagram, plan, drawing, illustration, map, table, (v) chart, 2. chart; synonyms (n) plot, graphic, schematic, schedule, scheme, (v) graph, sketch, design, draw, list, outline, 3. graphic; synonyms (adj) vivid, descriptive, clear, picturesque, realistic, expressive, graphical, lifelike, detailed, (n) picture, image, (v) pictorial. gramer grammar (dilbilgisi); synonyms (n) rudiments, elements, praxis, punctuation, outlines, (v) initiation. granit granite; synonyms (n) brickwork, limestone, mineral, sandstone, stonework, (adj) stone, crag, crystal, flint, fossil, marble, pebble, quartz, rock. grev strike (bulmak); synonyms (n) knock, assault, clap, (v) bang, beat, hit, impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, bump, clout, coin. grevci striker; synonyms (n) hitter, beater, batsman, batter, activist, campaigner, demonstrator, marcher, picketer, pulsator, slugger, dissenter, wencher. gri 1. gray; synonyms (adj) dull, bleak, dim, gloomy, grizzled, hoary, leaden, old, overcast, pale, dismal, murky, white, (n) grizzle, (v) grey; antonym (adj) bright, 2. grey; synonyms (adj) greyish, hoar, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray. grip flu; synonyms (n) influenza, grippe, disease, sickness, bug, infection, virus, (adj) grip. grup 1. group (küme); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump, company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster, rank, sort, 2. bunch (salkım); synonyms (n) batch, band, group, lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd, accumulation, crew, knob, (v) bundle, huddle, pack, heap; antonym (v) disperse, 3. set (ayarlamak, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) bent, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 4. band (bant); synonyms (n) party, set, swathe, collar, faction, knot, lace, strap, strip, stripe, zone, list, (v) ring, combine, tie, 5. outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb, gear, kit, apparel, clothing, costume, ensemble, rig, clothes, (v) equipment, attire, equip, fit, furnish, 6. batch; synonyms (n) body, battery, charge, mass, suite, consignment, clutch, pile, stack, stock, wad, 7. cluster (küme); synonyms (n) agglomeration,

tuft, assembly, clustering, lump, clunk, (v) collect, gather, assemble, concentrate, congregate, swarm. gruplaşma configuration; synonyms (n) form, arrangement, conformation, shape, organization, outline, composition, constellation, contour, design, fashion, figure, formation, structure, class. gruplaşmak group (grup, küme); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump, company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster, rank, sort. gübre soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile, foul, mould; antonym (v) clean. güç 1. power (iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, agency, domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 2. strength (kuvvet); synonyms (n) power, firmness, vigor, endurance, stability, health, soundness, amount, brawn, forcefulness, forte, fortitude, lustiness, magnitude, muscle; antonyms (n) frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 3. force (kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, press, push, (adj) constrain; antonym (n) persuasion, 4. energy (enerji); synonyms (n) animation, dash, life, spirit, determination, effort, vitality, capability, action, activity, dynamism, go, stamina, verve, vim; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion, tiredness, idleness, sluggishness, 5. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 6. might; synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n) puissance, vehemence, efficacy, command, mightiness, nerve, sway, violence, inclemency, 7. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate, fastidious, hard, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex, contrary, crabby; antonyms (adj) straightforward, goodnatured, rewarding, clear, 8. ability (yetenek); synonyms (n) hand, aptitude, cleverness, dexterity, talent, accomplishment, bent, competency, expertise, flair, genius, gift, knowledge, skill, intelligence; antonyms (n) inability, injury, 9. arm (kol); synonyms (n) branch, wing, bay, department, division, limb, offshoot, section, sleeve, weapon, endow, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide; antonym (v) disarm, 10. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross, bulky, grievous, oppressive, thick, compact, ample, cumbersome, overweight; antonyms (adj) light, slim, thin, slight,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English gentle, puny, skinny, 11. capability (yetenek); synonyms (n) capableness, competence, potential, qualification, aptness, efficiency, endowment, potentiality, proficiency, susceptibility, adequacy; antonyms (n) failure, incapability, 12. effort (çaba, gayret); synonyms (n) attempt, exertion, application, endeavor, struggle, trial, trouble, try, diligence, bid, campaign, cause, crusade, deed, essay, 13. steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas. gücenme resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger, displeasure, indignation, rage, rancor, umbrage, envy, grievance, passion, animosity, bitterness, fury, gall, hostility; antonym (n) cheerfulness. güçlendirmek strengthen; synonyms (v) consolidate, confirm, corroborate, brace, encourage, enhance, fortify, intensify, invigorate, bolster, buttress, harden, increase, stiffen, toughen; antonyms (v) weaken, undermine. güçlü 1. mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, immense, huge, grand, powerful, intense, high, big, forcible, great, large, strong, mammoth, cogent, formidable, 2. powerful; synonyms (adj) able, brawny, hard, mighty, muscular, potent, effective, energetic, influential, lusty, vigorous, hardy, full, deep, (n) fierce; antonyms (adj) powerless, weak, mild, 3. potent; synonyms (adj) forceful, persuasive, efficacious, stiff, firm, heady, impressive, robust, dynamic, important, stout, sturdy, telling, (n) effectual, efficient; antonym (adj) impotent, 4. strong; synonyms (adj) stable, steady, durable, good, rigid, secure, solid, sound, athletic, hearty, heavy, loud, severe, staunch, (v) steadfast; antonyms (adj) bland, delicate, faint, feeble, frail, pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, lightweight, 5. hardy; synonyms (adj) courageous, audacious, brave, fearless, manly, gallant, doughty, resilient, tough, fresh, adamantine, stalwart, (n) bold, daring, rugged, 6. able; synonyms (adj) capable, clever, competent, dexterous, accomplished, adroit, consummate, expert, fit, gifted, ingenious, endowed, experienced, adept, (n) talented; antonyms (adj) incapable, incompetent, inept, unable, untrained, 7. energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated, brisk, busy, driving, agile, emphatic, aggressive, enterprising, industrious, lively, spirited, sprightly, spry, strenuous; antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, inactive, indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, indifferent, listless, 8. robust; synonyms (adj) healthy, healthful, masculine, hefty, rich, strapping, hale, robustious, able-bodied, bulky, handsome, substantial, burly, (n) enduring, iron; antonym (adj) fragile.

197

güçlük 1. difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance, impediment, trouble, bother, asperity, jam, barrier, difficultness, fix, hardship, inconvenience, obstacle, strait, adversity, disadvantage; antonyms (n) ease, simplicity, advantage, help, 2. complexity; synonyms (n) complication, intricacy, complex, convolution, complexness, confusion, muddle, character, combination, complexion, depth, embarrassment, imbroglio, insight, (adj) entanglement; antonym (n) clarity. güçlükle ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, adverse, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n) evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, mischief; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well. güçsüz weak; synonyms (adj) feeble, frail, faint, flat, flimsy, fragile, thin, watery, light, ailing, cowardly, delicate, diluted, exhausted, inadequate; antonyms (adj) strong, brave, concentrated, firm, safe, compelling, determined, effective, forceful, healthy, intense, powerful, resolute, robust, sturdy. güçsüzlük weakness; synonyms (n) debility, defect, failing, fault, deficiency, feebleness, fragility, imperfection, flaw, frailty, inadequacy, blemish, predilection, (adj) infirmity, foible; antonyms (n) strength, power, dislike, advantage, brightness, determination, intensity, supremacy. güdü 1. motive; synonyms (n) cause, ground, account, impulse, incentive, incitement, inducement, motif, motivation, reason, subject, design, grounds, (v) aim, consideration, 2. motivation; synonyms (n) motive, spur, impetus, force, provocation, stimulus, drive, inspiration, 3. incentive; synonyms (n) encouragement, goad, fillip, whip, bait, bribe, catalyst, stimulant, urge, bonus, lure; antonyms (n) deterrent, disincentive, constraint. gül rose; synonyms (v) flush, redden, glow, (n) rosette, red, (adj) pink, rosaceous, roseate, anemone, asphodel, begonia, buttercup, daffodil, geranium, lily. güldürü 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor, 2. comedy (komedi); synonyms (n) farce, play, drollery, clowning, drama, show; antonym (n) tragedy. gülle shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor. gülme laughter; synonyms (n) amusement, fun, laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth, derision, happiness; antonym (n) sadness. gülmek laugh; synonyms (n) chuckle, chortle, jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle, sneer, scream, (v) joke, giggle, smile, titter, snicker, beam; antonym (v) cry.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

198

Turkish - English

gülümseme smile; synonyms (n) grin, grinning,

günah sin (günah işlemek); synonyms (n) evil, fault,

smiling, expression, luck, (v) beam, laugh, chuckle, grimace, sneer, countenance, favor, propitiousness; antonym (v) frown. gülümsemek smile (gülümseme); synonyms (n) grin, grinning, smiling, expression, luck, (v) beam, laugh, chuckle, grimace, sneer, countenance, favor, propitiousness; antonym (v) frown. gülünç 1. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing, burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker, buffoon, jester, zany, 2. ridiculous; synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, farcical, inane, nonsensical, comic, derisory, irrational, outrageous, silly, inconsistent, grotesque, crazy, daft, extravagant; antonyms (adj) sensible, inspiring, reasonable, 3. absurd (anlamsız, saçma); synonyms (adj) ridiculous, unreasonable, illogical, incredible, inept, meaningless, senseless, pointless, childish, cockeyed, extraordinary, idiotic, impossible, impractical, improbable, 4. funny; synonyms (adj) eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange, diverting, curious, entertaining, odd, queer, suspicious, unusual, whimsical, abnormal, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious, grave. gülünçlük humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor. gülüş 1. laugh (gülmek); synonyms (n) chuckle, chortle, jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle, sneer, scream, (v) joke, giggle, smile, titter, snicker, beam; antonym (v) cry, 2. laughter; synonyms (n) amusement, fun, laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth, derision, happiness; antonym (n) sadness. gümbürdemek 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. thunder; synonyms (n) boom, roll, clap, thundering, crash, (v) howl, rumble, fulminate, storm, growl, grumble, (adj) explode, detonate, bounce, displode. gümrük customs; synonyms (n) custom, duty, impost, civilization, mores, background, conduct, culture, ethnicity, etiquette, excise, habits, society, tradition, traditions. gümüş silver (gümüş rengi); synonyms (adj) silvery, argent, white, silvern, blanch, bleach, eloquent, etiolate, facile, fluent, gray, (n) money, gold, flatware, (v) plate. gün 1. day (gündüz); synonyms (n) light, daylight, generation, age, daytime, epoch, time, crisis; antonyms (n) nighttime, night, 2. sun (güneş); synonyms (n) sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize.

iniquity, crime, blunder, error, guilt, misdeed, offense, wickedness, mistake, (v) offend, blame, err, trespass; antonyms (n) virtue, piety. günahsız innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless, gullible, naive, pure, spotless; antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, wicked. günahsızlık innocence; synonyms (n) cleanness, blamelessness, chastity, ignorance, artlessness, gullibility, ingenuousness, purity, innocency, simplicity, sinlessness, virtue, candor, frankness, honor; antonyms (n) guilt, sophistication. günbatımı sunset; synonyms (n) dusk, evening, nightfall, sundown, twilight; antonym (n) dawn. günce diary; synonyms (n) journal, calendar, agenda, daybook, annals, autobiography, chronicle, ephemeris, history, record. güncel 1. up-to-date; synonyms (adj) modern, contemporary, current, new, present, topical, fashionable, recent, fresh, stylish, timely, conversant, cultured, prevalent, progressive, 2. contemporary (Modern); synonyms (adj) contemporaneous, up-to-date, existing, simultaneous, coetaneous, cotemporary, (n) coeval, equal; antonyms (adj) past, old, old-fashioned, 3. actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed, 4. current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, instant, actual, popular, rife, accepted, chic, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, trend, (prep) course, tide; antonyms (adj) obsolete, previous. gündelik 1. everyday; synonyms (adj) common, usual, customary, familiar, routine, accustomed, average, casual, commonplace, daily, frequent, habitual, humdrum, (v) ordinary, general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, exquisite, 2. daily (günlük); synonyms (adj) journal, diurnal, everyday, regular, (n) newspaper, gazette, paper, tabloid. gündem agenda; synonyms (n) schedule, agendum, diary, docket, plan, note, almanac, bill, book, card, chart, datebook, list, outline, table. gündüz 1. day (gün); synonyms (n) light, daylight, generation, age, daytime, epoch, time, crisis; antonyms (n) nighttime, night, 2. daylight; synonyms (n) day, dawn, daybreak, morning, sunrise, clearance, sunup, 3. daytime; synonym (n) sunshine. güneş sun; synonyms (n) light, sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

199

güneşlendirmek sun (güneş); synonyms (n) light,

gürültü 1. noise (patırtı); synonyms (n) clatter,

sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize. güneşlenmek sun (güneş); synonyms (n) light, sunlight, sunshine, sunn, temperateness, (adj) star, (v) bask, sunbathe, heat, solarise, solarize. güneşli sunny; synonyms (adj) bright, cheerful, clear, gay, merry, blithe, brilliant, fair, radiant, shining, shiny, happy, jovial, beaming, jolly; antonyms (adj) dark, overcast. güney 1. south; synonyms (n) southland, confederacy, s, confederation, conspiracy, federation, mho, sec, second, siemens, sulfur, sulphur, (adj) left, polar, 2. southern; synonyms (adj) south, southerly, meridional, (n) austral, austrine. güneyli southern (güney); synonyms (adj) south, southerly, meridional, (n) austral, austrine. günlük 1. daily; synonyms (adj) journal, diurnal, everyday, regular, (n) newspaper, gazette, paper, tabloid, 2. journal; synonyms (n) diary, book, magazine, periodical, ephemeris, chronicle, log, record, annals, calendar, organ, review, annual, (adj) daybook, daily, 3. diary; synonyms (n) agenda, autobiography, history, 4. everyday; synonyms (adj) common, usual, customary, familiar, routine, accustomed, average, casual, commonplace, frequent, habitual, humdrum, mundane, (v) ordinary, general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, exquisite, 5. log; synonyms (n) block, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet, logarithm, bobbing, faggot, (v) enter, lumber. gür 1. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym (adj) fresh, 2. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) abundant, copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, full, affluent, ample, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent, plentiful, prolific, bright; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished, light. gürbüz robust; synonyms (adj) healthy, firm, strong, athletic, brawny, muscular, powerful, vigorous, lusty, mighty, healthful, hearty, stout, (n) hardy, hard; antonyms (adj) weak, slight, fragile, frail. gürleme roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout, bark, noise, peal, (v) bellow, cry, bawl, howl, clatter, blare, call, holler, (adj) bluster; antonym (v) whisper. gürlemek 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. thunder; synonyms (n) boom, roll, clap, thundering, crash, (v) howl, rumble, fulminate, storm, growl, grumble, (adj) explode, detonate, bounce, displode, 3. roar; synonyms (n) shout, bark, clamor, bellowing, hollo, (v) cry, bawl, clatter, call, holler, rave, scream, yell, (adj) bluster, rage; antonym (v) whisper.

clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, din, disturbance, echo, uproar, buzz, clang, commotion, crack, crash, (v) fame; antonyms (n) silence, quiet, 2. bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash, strike, blast, blow, bump, (v) hit, slam, bash, boom, clink, 3. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, fall, impact, wreck, breakdown, roar, (v) bang, collapse, break, dash, plunge, ram, thunder, 4. sound (ses); synonyms (n) peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 5. row; synonyms (n) altercation, line, file, rank, squabble, wrangle, dispute, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight, argue, bicker, order, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree. gürültücü noisy (gürültülü); synonyms (adj) disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud, vociferous, blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident, tumultuous, turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused, harsh; antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm, tranquil. gürültülü 1. noisy (gürültücü); synonyms (adj) disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud, vociferous, blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident, tumultuous, turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused, harsh; antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm, tranquil, 2. loud (yüksek); synonyms (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, brassy, forte, high, brazen, jazzy, colorful, flash, meretricious, ostentatious, piercing, showy, (adv) aloud; antonyms (adj) soft, gentle, tasteful, low, subdued, subtle. gürültüsüz quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v) appease, moderate, assuage, allay, (n) calm, hush, compose, ease; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise. gurur pride; synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n) humility, modesty. gururlu 1. proud; synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified, disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted, conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated; antonyms (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, 2. arrogant (kibirli); synonyms (adj) presumptuous, proud, dogmatic, boastful, condescending, domineering, insolent, supercilious, vain, cavalier, chesty, cocky, contemptuous, high, masterful; antonym (adj) self-effacing. gütmek shepherd; synonyms (n) pastor, clergyman, minister, sheepherder, sheepman, priest, presbyter,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

200

Turkish - English

churchman, divine, ecclesiastic, (v) conduct, guide, lead, guard, cowherd. güven 1. faith; synonyms (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2. reliance (itimat); synonyms (n) faith, dependency, presumption, 3. dependence (bağımlılık); synonyms (n) reliance, addiction, dependance, habit, (adj) contingency; antonyms (n) independence, self-government, self-sufficiency, 4. confidence; synonyms (n) certainty, certitude, intimacy, nerve, security, sureness, authority, affiance, boldness, face, cheek, firmness, impudence, poise, secrecy; antonyms (n) insecurity, uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity, 5. trust; synonyms (n) charge, rely, cartel, responsibility, care, office, combine, tick, commission, (v) believe, confide, commend, entrust, expect, duty; antonyms (v) disbelieve, mistrust. güvence 1. assurance; synonyms (n) confidence, belief, guarantee, pledge, affiance, certitude, conviction, faith, nerve, poise, promise, reliance, security, sureness, trust; antonym (n) insecurity, 2. security (güvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense, deposit, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 3. guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n) assure, guaranty, warranty, warrant, undertaking, (v) certify, engage, endorse, ensure, secure, sponsor, undertake, contract, insure, stipulate. güvenilir 1. authentic; synonyms (adj) actual, genuine, accurate, real, right, straight, believable, true, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned, unsophisticated, credible, factual, (v) authoritative; antonyms (adj) bogus, fake, unrealistic, 2. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, heavy, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid, 3. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured, confident, definite, infallible, positive, bound, absolute, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 4. reliable; synonyms (adj) honest, authentic, faithful, trusty, solid, sound, stable, steadfast, truthful, reputable, careful, devoted, loyal, responsible, stalwart; antonyms (adj) fallacious, inconsistent, 5. honest (dürüst); synonyms (adj) fair, equitable, sincere, artless, candid, clean, decent, forthright, frank, guileless, heartfelt, just, righteous, straightforward, upright; antonyms (adj) dishonest, corrupt, guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal,

unwholesome, 6. confidential (gizli); synonyms (adj) classified, private, secret, clandestine, intimate,

privileged, thick, inner, closet, bosom, familiar, hidden, inward, personal, privy; antonym (adj) public, 7. certain; synonyms (adj) sure, categorical, decisive, inevitable, particular, perfect, special, specific, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal, unquestionable, plain, satisfied, explicit; antonym (adj) questionable, 8. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, agreeable, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 9. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, audio, (v) ring, chime, blow, chirp, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, rational, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 10. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level, directly, frankly, due, immediately, (adj) erect, even, flat, correct, perpendicular, proper, immediate, consecutive, neat, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, lopsided, 11. tried; synonyms (adj) tested, proved, experienced, baffled, beaten, conquered, exhausted, practiced, qualified, constant, staunch, certified, demonstrated, trueblue, used. güvenilirlik reliability; synonyms (n) dependability, dependableness, fidelity, loyalty, responsibility, credibility, faithfulness, reliableness, steadiness, trustworthiness, (adj) infallibility; antonyms (n) unreliability, dishonesty, fallibility, lateness. güvenli secure; synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe. güvenlik 1. security; synonyms (n) pledge, protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 2. safety; synonyms (n) refuge, security, bingle, safe, asylum, sanctuary, preservation, safeness, shelter, condom, prophylactic, rubber; antonym (n) hazard. güvenmek 1. believe (inanmak); synonyms (v) think, accredit, assume, conceive, consider, guess, reckon, understand, accept, expect, hope, imagine, suppose, (n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve, distrust, 2. depend; synonyms (v) dangle, hang, count, rely, calculate, confide, stay, suspend, attend, 3. trust; synonyms (n) charge, confidence, credit, faith, reliance, assurance, cartel, responsibility, dependence, care, office, combine, (v) believe, commend, entrust; antonyms (v) doubt, mistrust.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English güvenmemek doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, misgiving, question, dispute, apprehension, incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v) distrust, query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect, demur; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, (v) trust. güvensizlik 1. disbelief; synonyms (n) unbelief, discredit, distrust, doubt, incredulity, agnosticism, atheism, misgiving, mistrust, skepticism, suspicion, uncertainty, wonder, heresy; antonyms (n) belief, trust, 2. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, question, dispute, apprehension, incertitude, diffidence, doubtfulness, dubiety, fear, hesitation, (v) query, suspect, demur, disbelieve, hesitate; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness. güverte deck (deste); synonyms (v) adorn, beautify, clothe, embellish, floor, array, bedeck, ornament, attire, bedight, decorate, dress, garnish, grace, trim. güz 1. autumn (sonbahar); synonyms (n) fall, declivity, descent, downfall, harvest, cadence, capitulation, cascade, cataract, death, declension, decline, degradation, depreciation, destruction, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, come, crash, (n) drop, plunge, pitch, collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent. güzel 1. beautiful; synonyms (adj) attractive, goodlooking, bright, beauteous, fine, handsome, lovely, picturesque, pleasant, pretty, striking, sweet, adorned, ornate, dainty; antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive, 2. fine (ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, brave, capital, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 3. lovely; synonyms (adj) beautiful, charming, enchanting, lovable, alluring, adorable, endearing, exquisite, fair, gorgeous, graceful, gracious, cute, appealing, delectable; antonyms (adj) hideous, terrible, unpleasant, 4. fair (sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, average, dispassionate, impartial, reasonable, candid, comely, considerable, decent, disinterested, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 5. handsome (yakışıklı); synonyms (adj) generous, bountiful, bonny, big, bounteous, liberal, prepossessing, free, tidy, appropriate, becoming, cheerful, magnanimous, proper, bighearted, 6. pretty; synonyms (adv) very, fairly, jolly, quite, rather, somewhat, moderately, slightly, (adj) neat, pleasing, smart, noble, just, 7. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, right, efficient, capable, superior, well, advantageous, desirable, gentle, beneficent, (n)

201

benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, wicked, (n) evil, bad, 8. nice; synonyms (adj) fastidious, good, kind, likable, correct, difficult, enjoyable, exact, particular, precise, minute, suitable, discriminating, curious, accurate; antonym (adj) horrible, 9. pleasant (hoş); synonyms (adj) acceptable, amiable, kindly, facetious, affable, comfortable, congenial, genial, joyful, joyous, mirthful, mild, jocular, suave, amusing; antonyms (adj) disagreeable, disgusting, gruesome, harsh, nasty, repugnant, shocking, unwelcome, appalling, discordant, frosty, grisly, rough, 10. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, fresh, mellow, dear, melodious, musical, sugary, fragrant, honeyed, luscious, odorous, savory, aromatic, (n) confection, confectionery; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 11. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. güzellik 1. beauty; synonyms (n) splendor, attractiveness, beaut, charm, loveliness, pulchritude, dish, elegance, grace, grandeur, looker, magnificence, peach, stunner; antonym (n) ugliness, 2. fairness; synonyms (n) candor, equity, beauty, candour, honesty, justice, equality, reasonableness, frankness, impartiality, justness, neutrality, veracity, beauteousness, (adj) comeliness; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness, prejudice. güzergâh route (rota, yol); synonyms (n) course, path, road, direction, passage, avenue, channel, circuit, highway, itinerary, line, track, way, lane, (v) direct.

H haber 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon); synonyms (n) advice, communication, data, evidence, note, enlightenment, report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info, instruction, intelligence, material, warning, 2. message (ileti, mesaj); synonyms (n) meaning, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, lesson, significance, statement, word, direction, memorandum, epistle, import, aviso, 3. communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, intercourse, message, news, notice, expression, language, mail, touch, discussion, 4. news (haberler); synonyms (n) story, gossip, bulletin, rumor, (adj) new, 5. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, name, fame, narration, narrative, notification, recital, record, (v) account, describe, communicate, recount, relate, notify, advise; antonym (n) fact, 6. word

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

202

Turkish - English

(kelime, söz, sözcük); synonyms (n) promise, parole, password, term, vocable, undertaking, assurance, command, countersign, order, (v) formulate, phrase, put, sentence, couch. haberdar 1. informed; synonyms (adj) aware, cognizant, educated, conscious, knowledgeable, familiar, apprised, wise, conversant, experienced, (adv) abreast; antonym (adj) ignorant, 2. aware; synonyms (adj) awake, attentive, heedful, mindful, vigilant, sentient, alert, enlightened, knowing, observant, sensible, wary, watchful, appreciative, perceptive; antonyms (adj) unaware, unconscious. haberler news; synonyms (n) advice, information, intelligence, message, tidings, story, communication, gossip, notice, report, bulletin, dispatch, rumor, word, (adj) new. haberleşme communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, epistle, intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report, tidings, word. habersiz unaware; synonyms (adj) ignorant, incognizant, unwitting, unconscious, unknowing, blind, oblivious; antonyms (adj) aware, cognizant. haç cross; synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered. hacim 1. volume (cilt, oylum); synonyms (n) bulk, size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension, amount, capacity, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness, 2. bulk (yığın); synonyms (n) majority, volume, body, extent, thickness, scale, aggregate, immensity, bigness, dimensions, freight, (v) bulge, pouch, protrude, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority, 3. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, largeness, glue, breadth, degree, measurement, sizing, proportion, content, compass, enormity, fatness, format, (v) gauge, (adj) gum; antonyms (n) length, slenderness. haciz 1. attachment; synonyms (n) affection, appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, regard, appendage, association, bond, connection, devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link; antonym (n) detachment, 2. distress (acı); synonyms (n) agony, anguish, pain, trouble, anxiety, calamity, difficulty, grief, hurt, torture, (v) afflict, torment, concern, bother, upset; antonyms (v) comfort, please. had 1. limit (sınır); synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend, 2. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate,

measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess. hadise 1. event (olay); synonyms (n) affair, case, consequence, effect, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact, happening, incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance, 2. incident (olay); synonyms (n) event, adventure, episode, experience, instance, occasion, anecdote, development, incidence, matter, phenomenon, (adj) attendant, concomitant, accessory, incidental, 3. happening; synonyms (n) accident, eventuality, fortuity, thing, business, fate, 4. affair (iş, mesele); synonyms (n) concern, job, amour, duty, party, subject, theme, topic, transaction, meeting, affaire, function, liaison, occupation, (v) collision, 5. phenomenon (fenomen); synonyms (n) appearance, marvel, miracle, prodigy, wonder, apparition, sight, manifestation, vision, object, oddity, sensation, spectacle. hafif 1. light (açık, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, gracious, benign, lenient, docile, humble, balmy, calm, clement, delicate, kind, meek, sweet, affable, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj) intense, extreme, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy, barbed, fierce, great, hot, incisive, passionate, powerful, scathing, wintry, 3. slight; synonyms (adj) slender, thin, fragile, feeble, fine, lean, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, obvious, thickset, wide, 4. distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) cold, aloof, remote, chill, cool, detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, icy, indifferent, removed, (adv) apart, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, friendly, near, nearby, neighboring, warm, pending, alert, intimate, involved, 5. lightly; synonyms (adv) gently, airily, softly, flippantly, easily, quietly, readily, slightly, delicately, thinly; antonyms (adv) heavily, seriously, thickly, 6. soft; synonyms (adj) limp, quiet, slack, loose, flabby, flaccid, frail, mild, pliant, smooth, pleasant, temperate, amiable, bland, (v) low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong. hafifçe 1. lightly; synonyms (adv) gently, light, airily, softly, flippantly, easily, quietly, readily, slightly, delicately, thinly; antonyms (adv) heavily, seriously, thickly, 2. slightly; synonyms (adv) rather, little, somewhat, lightly, slight, fairly, moderately, slenderly, faintly, small, hardly, barely, slimly, scarcely; antonyms (adv) very, excessively, infinitely, significantly, terribly, tremendously, considerably, much, particularly, solidly.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English hafiflemek moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify. hafifletmek 1. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2. modify (değiştirmek); synonyms (v) alter, qualify, adapt, change, limit, adjust, amend, assuage, convert, moderate, restrict, vary, commute, fit, revise. hafifmeşrep loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged. hafiye detective; synonyms (n) investigator, scout, tec, officer, spy, policeman, snoop, runner, watchman, analyst, beagle, bull, (v) informer, delator, eavesdropper. hafıza memory (anı, bellek, hatıra); synonyms (n) memento, recall, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, remembering, retention, retrospect, storage, store, recognition, retrospection, (v) mind. hafta week; synonyms (n) hebdomad, day, hour, minute, second, year, sennight, sevennight, time, workweek. haftalık weekly; synonyms (adv) hebdomadally, (n) magazine, journal, newspaper, periodical, (v) quotidian, tertian. hain 1. rat (sıçan); synonyms (n) grass, informer, apostate, betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg, denounce, betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal, defect, inform, 2. wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, bad, evil, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous, unholy, vile, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, foul, hellish; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure. hak 1. franchise (imtiyaz); synonyms (n) exemption, liberty, freedom, immunity, privilege, suffrage, vote, charter, absolution, dispensation, patent, permit, license, release, dealership, 2. claim (talep); synonyms (n) call, charge, allegation, right, title, (v) demand, ask, assert, exact, arrogate, contend, need, require, requisition, want; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 3. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even, perfect, accurate, fair, faithful, fit, reasonable, (n) law; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 4. justice (adalet); synonyms (n) equity, fairness, impartiality, integrity, judge, judicature, jurist, justness,

203

morality, correctness, court, reasonableness, uprightness, (adj) honesty, principle; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness, 5. due; synonyms (adj) equitable, lawful, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, legal, fitting, (adv) directly, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, tax, desert, claim; antonyms (adj) paid, undue, 6. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, advance; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm, 7. title; synonyms (n) designation, caption, designate, appellation, denomination, epithet, championship, heading, pretension, rubric, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj) ownership. hakaret 1. outrage; synonyms (n) affront, atrocity, indignity, anger, enormity, injury, contumely, force, (v) insult, dishonor, offend, violate, desecrate, horrify, (adj) abuse, 2. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, fine, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, neglect, ignore, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide. hakem 1. referee; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, mediator, umpire, adjudicator, ref, moderator, intermediary, referendary, (v) judge, arbitrate, mediate, adjudicate, intercede, 2. judge; synonyms (n) referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, decide, guess, examine, conceive, adjudge, conclude. hakikat 1. truth (doğruluk); synonyms (n) exactness, reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness, fact, fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty, faithfulness, honesty, precision, authenticity; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, 2. fact (gerçek, olay, olgu); synonyms (n) event, incident, detail, deed, particular, truth, circumstance, experience, occurrence, point, thing, contingency, affair, case, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture, fallacy, report, 3. reality; synonyms (n) existence, realism, being, realness, entity, loyalty, positive, substance, trueness, veracity, effect, performance, (v) efficiency; antonyms (n) fantasy, delusion, dream, imagination, vision. hakikaten 1. indeed (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) actually, certainly, exactly, much, really, surely, greatly, absolutely, clearly, definitely, positively, precisely, so, truly, (int) forsooth; antonym (adv) possibly, 2. really (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) honestly, genuinely, real, very, simply, authentically, practically, essentially, extremely, highly, quite, right, just, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 3. truly; synonyms (adv) legitimately, correctly, loyally, truthfully, awfully, completely, fully, rightfully; antonym (adv) falsely.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

204

Turkish - English

hakiki 1. real (gerçek); synonyms (adj) genuine,

haksız 1. unfair; synonyms (adj) partial, dishonest,

material, physical, true, concrete, literal, natural, positive, pure, native, right, good, absolute, (n) authentic, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal, imaginary, apparent, artificial, fake, bogus, deceptive, false, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial, mock, nominal, (v) pretend, 2. true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, faithful, even, accurate, correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, sincere, factual, loyal, precise, (v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue, 3. authentic; synonyms (adj) believable, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned, unsophisticated, credible, original, reliable, veritable, convincing, realistic, unquestionable, (v) authoritative; antonym (adj) unrealistic, 4. actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) existent, indisputable, tangible, very, effective, existing, extant, immediate, present, substantial, bodily; antonyms (adj) hypothetical, supposed, 5. genuine; synonyms (adj) candid, artless, hearty, unaffected, certain, earnest, intrinsic, legitimate, solid, clean, chaste, devout, authenticated, essential, fair; antonyms (adj) insincere, affected, dishonest, hypocritical, replica. hakim judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think, believe, condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate, decide, guess, umpire. hakimiyet sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom, reign, empire, autonomy, dominion, independence, power, realm, rule, majesty, monarchy, control, supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy. hakkında about (hemen hemen); synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely. hakkıyla duly; synonyms (adv) justly, correctly, punctually, rightfully, accordingly, fairly, equitably, lawfully, legally, orderly, befittingly, decorously, methodically, strictly, technically; antonym (adv) unduly.

unjust, foul, inequitable, deceitful, dishonorable, fraudulent, undeserved, wrongful, underhand, unsporting, mean, crooked, dirty; antonyms (adj) fair, just, reasonable, balanced, rightful, 2. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, false, ill, improper, bad, inappropriate, incorrect, abuse, criminal, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime; antonyms (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, law-abiding, (adv) correctly, (v) right, (n) justice. haksızlık injustice (adaletsizlik); synonyms (n) inequity, iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry, crime, grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice, wickedness, (adj) injury, harm, damage; antonyms (n) justice, evenhandedness, fairness. hal 1. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 2. status (durum); synonyms (n) rank, situation, caste, condition, order, circumstance, dignity, footing, grade, importance, posture, estate, post, character, (adj) standing, 3. condition; synonyms (n) provision, status, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament, state, term, complaint, affection, ailment, assumption, case, (v) aspect, provide, 4. aspect; synonyms (n) appearance, look, surface, bearing, expression, manner, prospect, side, view, air, angle, face, facet, feature, quality, 5. occasion; synonyms (n) event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce, make, raise, 6. situation; synonyms (n) employment, job, matter, location, office, point, seat, site, berth, environment, spot, function, placement, disposition, form. hala 1. aunt (teyze, yenge); synonyms (n) auntie, aunty, uncle, nephew, niece, 2. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy. halat rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat, noose, cord, hawser, leash, line, string, tape, lace, tether, thread, (v) tie, bind. halbuki whereas; synonyms (conj) though, while, whenas, where, (adv) although, when, then, (prep) because. hale glory (şan); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast. halef successor; synonyms (n) heir, substitute, beneficiary, inheritor, offspring, replacement, scion, sequel; antonyms (n) forerunner, ancestor, precursor, predecessor.

Hakkýnda about (hakkında, hemen hemen); synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely. haklı 1. right (doğru, sağ); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even, perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit, (n) privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply, exclusively, (adj) right, equitable, honest, impartial, barely, reasonable, righteous, upright, definite, clean; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English halen currently; synonyms (adv) presently, commonly, now, recently, today, lately, popularly, shortly, soon. halı 1. carpet; synonyms (n) blanket, rug, carpeting, runner, floor, flooring, (v) cover, drape, encase, rebuke, attack, criticize, jaw, obscure, row, 2. rug (kilim); synonyms (n) carpet, mat, coverlet, counterpane, quilt, sheet, tarpaulin, bathmat, doormat, (v) plunder, spoil, tear. haliç mouth (ağız); synonyms (n) jaw, lip, aperture, lips, edge, entrance, brim, (v) grimace, articulate, pronounce, speak, utter, vocalize, blab, deliver. halis 1. pure (arı, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. sheer; synonyms (adj) pure, bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, simple, steep, transparent, regular, perpendicular, flimsy, (n) complete, perfect, entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 3. true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic, correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, sincere, (v) square; antonyms (adj) false, bogus, inaccurate, untrue. halk 1. people; synonyms (n) nation, community, family, folk, multitude, populace, clan, mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell, 2. public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj) common, national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual, popular, ordinary, civil, (n) people, audience, (v) open, plebeian, government; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal, 3. folk; synonyms (n) kin, kindred, kinsfolk, man, persons, race, tribe, house. halka 1. ring (yüzük); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird, 2. circle (daire); synonyms (n) round, association, compass, ring, field, range, beat, company, scope, set, league, area, (v) turn, whirl, circulate. halletme 1. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment, arrangement, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, adjustment, agreement, colonization, establishment, liquidation, 2. solution (çözelti, çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, answer, settlement, resolve, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply, cure, outcome. halletmek 1. solve; synonyms (v) resolve, interpret, answer, decipher, dissolve, crack, elucidate, explain, riddle, decide, loosen, figure, guess, conclude, (adj) loose, 2. resolve (çözmek); synonyms (v) determine, solve, decompose, settle,

205

end, melt, do, (n) purpose, determination, decision, firmness, resolution, analyze, resoluteness, will; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 3. settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, drop, fall, reconcile, (n) locate, (adj) confirm. halsizlik weakness; synonyms (n) debility, defect, failing, fault, deficiency, feebleness, fragility, imperfection, flaw, frailty, inadequacy, blemish, predilection, (adj) infirmity, foible; antonyms (n) strength, power, dislike, advantage, brightness, determination, intensity, supremacy. ham 1. raw; synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 2. crude (kaba); synonyms (adj) clumsy, raw, rough, rude, barbarous, primitive, uncouth, vulgar, barbarian, abrupt, churlish, earthy, gross, impolite, indecent; antonym (adj) sophisticated, 3. green (yeşil); synonyms (adj) callow, emerald, jealous, young, youthful, envious, grassy, gullible, juvenile, naive, sick, simple, unripe, verdant, (n) lawn; antonym (adj) experienced, 4. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) hard, harsh, cruel, grating, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, indelicate, rocky, uneven, robust, abrasive, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, silky, soft, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. hamal porter; synonyms (n) carrier, doorkeeper, gatekeeper, janitor, caretaker, doorman, ostiary, concierge, redcap. hamil holder; synonyms (n) bearer, case, possessor, stand, container, proprietor, rack, tenant, handle, carrier, bracket, occupant, owner, support, vessel. hamile pregnant (gebe); synonyms (adj) pithy, significant, fraught, enceinte, expectant, gravid, heavy, big, meaning, teeming, important, (v) telling, emphatic. hamilelik pregnancy (gebelik); synonyms (n) gravidity, gestation, fertility, behavior, childbearing, departure, doings, fetation, going, pregnance, uterogestation, traveling, (adj) procreation, propagation, pullulation. hamle 1. blow (üflemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save, 2. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. onset; synonyms (n) incursion, charge, aggression, assault, beginning, inroad, onslaught, birth, commencement, dawn, onrush, outbreak, invasion, offensive, (v) attack, 4. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, flood, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, quicken, jet, accelerate, (adj) burst, spurt.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

206

Turkish - English

hammadde stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n)

detain, immure, arrest, 2. cage (kafes); synonyms

breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply. han 1. inn; synonyms (n) hostel, hotel, hostelry, lodge, bar, house, lodging, pub, saloon, tavern, 2. khan; synonyms (n) caravanserai, caravansary, caliph, czar, imaum, kaiser, king, mogul, padishah, shah, sultan, tsar, cazique, chief, governor. hancı host; synonyms (n) crowd, army, flock, horde, mob, legion, troop, emcee, mass, multitude, swarm, throng, heap, array, battalion. hangar shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth. hanım 1. wife (eş, karı); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband, 2. lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame, gentlewoman, female, ma'am, wife, noble, (v) squaw; antonym (n) man. hanımefendi lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame, gentlewoman, female, ma'am, matron, wife, woman, noble, (v) squaw; antonym (n) man. hantal 1. gross (brüt, kaba); synonyms (adj) crass, coarse, big, boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt, disgusting, broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, (v) foul, (n) aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net, 2. awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy, inconvenient, embarrassing, inept, sticky, uncomfortable, ungainly, untoward, left-handed, annoying, bungling, cumbersome, difficult, graceless, heavy; antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit, manageable, straightforward, convenient, dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple. hapishane 1. jail; synonyms (n) cage, prison, cell, clink, jug, calaboose, custody, jailhouse, (v) gaol, imprison, incarcerate, confine, detain, immure, arrest, 2. prison (cezaevi); synonyms (n) jail, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, 3. can; synonyms (v) tin, dismiss, fire, might, pickle, pot, sack, (n) bathroom, behind, buttocks, container, lavatory, posterior, rump, jar; antonym (v) hire, 4. institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college, 5. cage (kafes); synonyms (n) pen, hutch, corral, crate, frame, enclosure, (v) enclose; antonym (v) free. hapsetme imprisonment; synonyms (n) captivity, custody, confinement, incarceration, durance, arrest, detention, immurement, internment, duress, (adj) bondage; antonyms (n) freedom, release. hapsetmek 1. jail (hapishane); synonyms (n) cage, prison, cell, clink, jug, calaboose, custody, jailhouse, (v) gaol, imprison, incarcerate, confine,

(n) jail, pen, hutch, corral, crate, frame, enclosure, (v)

enclose; antonym (v) free. haraç tribute; synonyms (n) commendation, praise, tax, contribution, honor, testimonial, duty, homage, eulogy, respect, compliment, appreciation, approval, (v) subsidy, allowance; antonym (n) criticism. harap waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save. hararet 1. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2. warmth; synonyms (n) heat, temperature, geniality, warmness, affection, tenderness, fondness, friendliness, hotness, sympathy, cordiality, enthusiasm, feeling, zeal, (adj) verve; antonyms (n) aloofness, chilliness, coldness, coolness, unfriendliness. hararetli warm (ılık, ısıtmak, sıcak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill. harcama 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost, disbursement, consumption, expense, outlay, exhaustion, outgo, expenses, payment, price, spending, use, acquit, assets; antonyms (n) income, savings, 2. expense; synonyms (n) expenditure, amount, detriment, fee, toll, disbursal. harcamak spend; synonyms (v) consume, exhaust, expend, squander, blow, deplete, pass, wear, lead, invest, dissipate, draw, drop, employ, (adj) waste; antonyms (v) save, conserve. harcanmış spent; synonyms (v) dull, evanid, (adj) exhausted, prostrate, expended, fatigued, finished, gone, dead, effete, jaded, tired, drained, weary, worn; antonym (adj) remaining. hareket 1. movement; synonyms (n) motion, move, action, activity, campaign, crusade, advancement, cause, drive, passage, drift, flow, inclination, effort, evolution, 2. action (etki, eylem, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, agency, battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, (v) achievement, combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 3. motion (devinim); synonyms (n) gesture, wave, exercise, gesticulation, application, question, resolution, swing, progress, advance, motility, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate, signal, 4. move (taşınmak); synonyms (v) affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, bear, disturb, actuate, agitate, arouse, (n) transfer; antonym (v) stay, 5. act (davranmak,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English rol yapmak); synonyms (n) statute, decree, do, feat, law, (v) behave, perform, acquit, enact, feign, operate, pretend, work, commit, conduct; antonym (v) refrain, 6. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) pastime, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, wager, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol, romp, jest, amusement, 7. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, pat, (adj) blow, 8. conduct; synonyms (n) administration, manage, demeanor, lead, behaviour, (v) bring, direct, administer, carriage, bearing, comport, show, accompany, channel, command, 9. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation, divergence, parting, aberration, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 10. deed (iş); synonyms (n) exploit, covenant, document, doing, fact, title, certificate, job, measure, paper, proceeding, reality, thing, ownership, 11. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, footprint, footstep, stride, phase, procedure, process, (v) pace, tread, 12. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion, 13. transaction; synonyms (n) deal, business, dealing, dealings, trade, concern, matter, affair, bargain, contract, negotiation, exchange, affairs, traffic, agreement; antonym (n) purchase. hareketli 1. active (etkin); synonyms (adj) energetic, alert, busy, diligent, effective, live, lively, nimble, strong, agile, alive, brisk, dynamic, forcible, healthy; antonyms (adj) dormant, inactive, sluggish, idle, latent, lethargic, sedentary, slow, extinct, passive, quiet, 2. brisk; synonyms (adj) active, bracing, bright, quick, acute, smart, sprightly, adroit, animated, crisp, fast, fresh, hasty, invigorating, pert; antonym (adj) soporific, 3. moving (dokunaklı); synonyms (adj) affecting, emotional, exciting, impressive, mobile, pitiful, poignant, touching, inspiring, movable, imposing, (n) movement, transport, advance, transfer; antonyms (adj) motionless, still, depressing, stationary, unemotional, 4. busy (meşgul); synonyms (adj) assiduous, engaged, occupied, crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, earnest, employed, eventful, full, (v) occupy, employ, engage, engross; antonym (adj) free, 5. swinging; synonyms (adj) swaying, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant, hanging, inordinate, lilting, outrageous, pendulous, preposterous, (n) swing.

207

hareketsiz 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, cool, gentle, motionless, placid, tranquil, tranquilize, collected, (v) appease, moderate, allay, easy, repose, (n) ease, peace; antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise. hareketsizlik rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. harf letter (mektup); synonyms (n) epistle, mail, character, communication, dispatch, memorandum, message, note, type, inscription, learning, memo, missive, ticket, (v) print. hariç 1. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. except; synonyms (conj) but, unless, (prep) save, excepting, excluding, (v) demur, omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n) bar, without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include, 3. save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, hoard, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste. harici 1. external; synonyms (adj) exterior, outside, extraneous, extrinsic, outward, foreign, outlying, peripheral, superficial, formal, exotic, objective, outdoor, outer, surface; antonyms (adj) inner, interior, internal, domestic, inmost, inside, 2. outer; synonyms (adj) external, utter; antonym (adj) middle. harika 1. wonderful; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, marvelous, astonishing, excellent, remarkable, phenomenal, amazing, fantastic, grand, great, miraculous, strange, super, terrific, (n) incredible; antonyms (adj) awful, terrible, unpleasant, dreadful, 2. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, antic, extravagant, grotesque, wonderful, capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, illusory, imaginary, odd, romantic, (n) fanciful, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) ordinary, real, 3. wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon, wonderment, 4. gorgeous; synonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, gaudy, luxurious, rich, glorious, gay, costly, delicious, delightful, fine, handsome, lovely, magnificent, opulent; antonym (adj) ugly, 5. miracle; synonyms (n) wonder, wonderwork, event, sensation, 6. fabulous; synonyms (adj) mythical, fabled,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

208

Turkish - English

legendary, fab, mythological, spectacular, unreal, brilliant, fictitious, mythic, sensational, splendid, superb, tremendous, unspeakable. harita map; synonyms (n) design, graph, plat, diagram, mapping, picture, correspondence, (v) chart, plan, plot, project. harman harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit, ingathering, produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap.

has 1. appropriate (ayırmak, kendine mal etmek, uygun); synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper, true, agreeable, apposite, apt, congruous, correct, particular, peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, unrelated, untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 2. special (özel); synonyms (adj) especial, individual, limited, rare, different, distinguished, distinct, express, certain, distinctive, exceptional, extra, extraordinary, private, (adv) apart; antonym (adj) ordinary. hasar 1. injury; synonyms (n) disadvantage, disservice, harm, grievance, damage, detriment, hurt, impairment, wound, ill, bruise, affront, contusion, evil, (v) abuse; antonyms (n) ability, reparation, 2. harm; synonyms (n) injury, wrong, disaster, loss, mischief, misfortune, (v) blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage, endamage, mar, mistreat, molest; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 3. damage (zarar vermek); synonyms (n) cost, price, ruin, tear, wreck, charge, defacement, (v) afflict, disfigure, mutilate, spoil, defect, break, deface, (adj) impair; antonyms (n) service, (v) conserve, repair, bolster. hasat harvest; synonyms (n) crop, fruit, ingathering, produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap. haşere insect (böcek); synonyms (n) bug, worm, bird, fish, louse, beast, amphibian, animal, crustacean, mammal, (adj) animalcule, maggot, midge, minnow, shrimp. haset jealousy; synonyms (n) suspicion, competition, contention, distrust, qualm, scruple, doubt, challenge, contest, diffidence, dissatisfaction, emulation, enmity, jealoushood, misdoubt. hasım enemy; synonyms (n) adversary, antagonist, foe, opponent, opposition, competitor, assailant, foeman, hostile, challenger, contender, (adj) rival; antonyms (n) ally, friend, supporter. haşin 1. harsh (sert); synonyms (adj) grating, sharp, austere, bitter, coarse, crude, cruel, discordant, grim, unkind, acrid, acute, biting, brutal, (v) hard; antonyms (adj) smooth, gentle, harmonious, kind, lenient, pleasant, soft, melodious, sweet, 2. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, rigid, inclement, rigorous, rough, arduous, bad, cutting, heavy, intense,

serious, strict, atrocious, caustic, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) mild, slight, easy, lax. hasır straw (saman); synonyms (n) chaff, rush, stalk, husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew, (adj) feather, cobweb, down, dust, flue, gossamer, mote. haşmet majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur, dignity, loftiness, splendor, greatness, magnificence, nobility, stateliness, king, royalty, highness, pomp, emperor, (adj) solemnity. hassas 1. sensitive; synonyms (adj) delicate, excitable, sensible, sore, tender, painful, impressionable, emotional, gentle, irritable, perceptive, receptive, susceptible, nice, nervous; antonyms (adj) insensitive, numb, hardhearted, tactless, thickskinned, 2. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, loving, sensitive, soft, compassionate, fond, mild, frail, caring, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, rubbery, rough, 3. delicate; synonyms (adj) fine, accurate, breakable, dainty, fragile, refined, beautiful, brittle, difficult, slim, agreeable, infirm, careful, decent, elegant; antonyms (adj) strong, inelegant, robust, heavy, sturdy, 4. fine (güzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) brave, capital, excellent, thin, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, choice, exquisite, glorious, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish, mulct; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 5. sensible; synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware, judicious, perceptible, prudent, rational, sagacious, intelligent, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise, harebrained, 6. susceptible; synonyms (adj) responsive, subject, liable, pliable, susceptive, vulnerable, open, amenable, exposed, impressible, prone; antonyms (adj) resistant, unsusceptible, 7. responsive; synonyms (adj) responsible, antiphonal, interested. hasta 1. sick; synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased, morbid, sickly, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, (v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy, 2. patient; synonyms (adj) forbearing, passive, calm, enduring, resigned, tolerant, uncomplaining, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent, considerate, indefatigable; antonym (adj) impatient, 3. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, unhealthy, adverse, harmful, (adv) badly, amiss, (n) evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, mischief, damage, calamity, 4. poorly; synonyms (adv) inadequately, miserably, imperfectly, insufficiently, meanly, meagrely, (adj) low, seedy, peaked; antonyms (adv) opulently, satisfactorily. hastabakıcı 1. nurse (hemşire); synonyms (n) nurture, doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English keep, raise, breastfeed, 2. sister (hemşire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, mate, twin, baby, counterpart, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis. hastalık 1. disease; synonyms (n) ailment, condition, illness, sickness, complaint, infirmity, affection, affliction, bug, disorder, ill, evil, infection, malady, (v) distemper, 2. illness; synonyms (n) disease, attack, pain, trouble, 3. complaint; synonyms (n) accusation, charge, lament, plaint, protest, wail, whine, claim, quarrel, criticism, moan, upset, syndrome, 4. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, adverse, harmful, nauseous, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n) harm, hurt, mischief, damage; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 5. sickness; synonyms (n) indisposition, qualm, nausea, disgust, loathing, derangement, 6. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, anxiety, difficulty, fuss, torment, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please. hastane hospital; synonyms (n) infirmary, home, institution, sanitarium, sickroom, spital, inn, sickbay, (adj) hospitable. hat 1. line (çizgi); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order, 2. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 3. route (rota, yol); synonyms (n) path, road, direction, passage, avenue, channel, circuit, highway, itinerary, track, way, lane, means, method, (v) direct. hata 1. error; synonyms (n) deviation, blunder, fault, mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse, oversight, crime, defect, demerit, guilt, misunderstanding, falsehood, confusion; antonym (n) correctness, 2. fault (arıza, bozukluk, kusur); synonyms (n) blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, weakness, default, failure, fracture, imperfection, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. mistake; synonyms (n) misapprehension, misconception, inaccuracy, trip, misprint, foolishness, (v) err, misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, misconstrue, confound, misinterpret, 4. trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, run, drive, misstep, ride, (v) journey, stumble, fall, skip, tumble; antonym (v) fix, 5. slip; synonyms (n) cutting, escape, scion, ticket, band, dip, gaffe, (v) slide, drop, glide, skid, sag, shift, sneak, (adj) omission; antonym (v) improve, 6. failing; synonyms (adj) declining, failed, wanting, deteriorating, abortive, deficient, (n) inadequacy, shortcoming, decline, foible, frailty, infirmity, vice, disadvantage, drawback; antonyms (adj) thriving,

209

flourishing, well, (n) virtue, 7. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) scar, dearth, deformity, want, disease, kink, lack, malformation, malfunction, speck, stain, taint, decrement, (v) desert. hatalı 1. faulty; synonyms (adj) erroneous, deficient, defective, false, vicious, bad, broken, inaccurate, incorrect, wrong, damaged, imperfect, poor, amiss, tainted; antonyms (adj) correct, perfect, flawless, 2. incorrect; synonyms (adj) improper, inappropriate, imprecise, faulty, fallacious, inexact, mistaken, untrue, error, flawed, unfit, unfitting, unsound, unsuitable, inconclusive; antonym (adj) right, 3. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, ill, abuse, criminal, iniquitous, unjust, wicked, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime, hurt, mischief; antonyms (adj) good, proper, honest, law-abiding, (adv) correctly, (n) justice. hatıra memory (anı, bellek, hafıza); synonyms (n) memento, recall, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, remembering, retention, retrospect, storage, store, recognition, retrospection, (v) mind. hatırlama recall; synonyms (v) retrieve, countermand, recognize, recollect, remember, repeal, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, cancel, (n) anamnesis, memory, return, annulment; antonym (v) forget. hatırlamak 1. remember (anımsamak); synonyms (v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect, consider, record, remind, retain, think, review, ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v) forget, 2. recall; synonyms (v) retrieve, countermand, remember, repeal, rescind, retract, reverse, revoke, cancel, recant, (n) anamnesis, memory, return, annulment, recollection. hatırlatan reminiscent; synonyms (adj) evocative, redolent, remindful, indicative, suggestive, aromatic, important, meaningful, significant, implicative, mnemonic, recollective, similar. hatırlayan reminiscent; synonyms (adj) evocative, redolent, remindful, indicative, suggestive, aromatic, important, meaningful, significant, implicative, mnemonic, recollective, similar. hatta even (çift); synonyms (adv) yet, (adj) direct, equal, constant, equable, equivalent, flat, horizontal, identical, plane, regular, steady, (v) level, balance, smooth; antonyms (adj) uneven, inconsistent, irregular, jagged, unequal. hav 1. pile (tüy); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass, congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass, crowd, 2. down (aşağı); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, (n) feather, fur, fuzz, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

210

Turkish - English

hava 1. air (havalandırmak); synonyms (n) tune,

havlamak bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark,

appearance, manner, atmosphere, look, melody, strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate, 2. weather; synonyms (v) endure, survive, resist, withstand, brave, stand, wear, 3. climate (iklim); synonyms (n) clime, ambience, latitude, environment, milieu, mood, 4. atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n) air, ambiance, aura, feel, feeling, background, quality, climate, medium, setting, situation, surroundings, atm, 5. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 6. mood; synonyms (n) humor, disposition, attitude, mode, temper, character, condition, humour, modality, state, sulk, temperament, tone, inclination, mind. havaalanı 1. airport; synonyms (n) aerodrome, airdrome, runway, airstrip, depot, destination, harbor, haven, port, station, hangar, helipad, installation, spaceport, strip, 2. airfield; synonyms (n) airport, field, area, arena, bailiwick, battlefield, battleground, champaign, discipline, domain, orbit, plain, sphere, study, subject. havacılık 1. aviation; synonyms (n) air, flight, airwave, atmosphere, aura, ballooning, aerodynamics, breeze, line, melody, piloting, strain, tune, zephyr, 2. flying; synonyms (adj) fast, fluttering, quick, rapid, swift, aflare, flaring, moving, (n) fly. havagazı gas (benzin, gaz); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow. havai aerial (anten); synonyms (adj) airy, aery, ethereal, unreal, insubstantial, aeriform, (n) antenna. havalandırma ventilation; synonyms (n) airing, exploitation, discussion, deliberation, air, breathing, circulation, conference, conversation, disclosure, dissemination, publication, rap, respiration, riffling. havalandırmak air (hava); synonyms (n) tune, appearance, manner, atmosphere, look, melody, strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate. havali district (bölge); synonyms (n) area, quarter, region, community, neighborhood, territory, circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, province, section, domain, (adj) local, (v) zone. havalimanı airport (havaalanı); synonyms (n) aerodrome, airdrome, runway, airstrip, depot, destination, harbor, haven, port, station, hangar, helipad, installation, spaceport, strip. havlama bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.

recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. havlu towel; synonyms (n) mop, (v) wipe, napkin, handkerchief, cloth, malkin, maukin, dry, wallop, bang, bastinado, birch, cane, cob, comb. havuz 1. pool; synonyms (n) plash, lake, pond, mere, cartel, basin, kitty, syndicate, trust, billiards, lough, store, (v) combine, merge, associate, 2. basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression, dock, hollow, tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful, cavity, cup, lavatory, pool, sink, washstand, 3. pond; synonyms (n) loch, reservoir, sea, broad. havza basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression, dock, hollow, tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful, cavity, cup, lavatory, pool, sink, washstand. hayal 1. fantasy; synonyms (n) dream, fancy, illusion, delusion, mirage, desire, fad, fiction, hallucination, invention, reverie, vision, imaginativeness, deception, (adj) make-believe; antonyms (n) reality, (adj) real, 2. dream; synonyms (n) daydream, aspiration, ambition, fantasy, figment, nightmare, sleep, coma, trance, notion, dreaming, phantom, conceit, (v) imagine, muse, 3. imagination (hayal gücü, imgelem); synonyms (n) imagery, originality, caprice, conception, idea, inventiveness, reflection, resource, thought, pretense, resourcefulness, 4. reflection (yansıma); synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, introspection, image, repercussion, animadversion, echo, expression, likeness, 5. vision (görme); synonyms (n) sight, view, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition, prospect, picture, shadow, foresight, spectacle, inspiration, show, 6. fancy; synonyms (v) wish, consider, crotchet, envision, like, assume, conjecture, covet, (adj) conceive, elaborate, extravagant, ween, (n) whim, guess, pleasure; antonyms (adj) plain, unadorned, 7. image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) figure, effigy, form, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, idol, photograph, diagram, apprehension, guise, (v) depict, 8. illusion; synonyms (n) magic, chimera, deceit, dissimulation, fallacy, trick, aberration, legerdemain, phantasy, appearance, dissembling, (v) distortion. hayalet 1. ghost (hortlak); synonyms (n) apparition, shade, spirit, soul, spectre, spook, appearance, manes, suggestion, shadow, touch, trace, (v) specter, ghostwrite, haunt, 2. shade (gölge, gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, conceal, darkness, dye, nuance, (v) darken, tint, cover, obscure; antonyms (n) light, brightness, 3. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) tail, hint, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, umbrage, silhouette,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English dark, (v) eclipse, follow, overshadow, track, dog, hide, 4. spirit; synonyms (n) courage, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, fortitude, dash, esprit, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body. hayali 1. imaginary (sanal); synonyms (adj) fanciful, fictitious, false, ideal, illusory, mythical, unreal, hypothetical, chimerical, fantastic, fictional, notional, visionary, whimsical, delusive; antonyms (adj) real, palpable, 2. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, extraordinary, antic, extravagant, grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious, fabulous, fantastical, great, imaginary, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary. hayat 1. life; synonyms (n) animation, energy, spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy, 2. existence; synonyms (n) presence, entity, life, living, subsistence, essence, lifetime, occurrence, reality, time, world, beingness, cosmos, creation; antonyms (n) death, nonbeing, nonexistence. hayati vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential, indispensable, animated, alive, crucial, fundamental, important, lively, main, necessary, chief, momentous, live, dynamic; antonyms (adj) trivial, insignificant, minor, optional, unimportant. hayatta alive (canlı); synonyms (adj) active, live, living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate. hayır no; synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv) nay, (adj) zero, naught, none, non, nul. hayırlı beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous, favorable, fruitful, handy, profitable, useful, expedient, gainful, good, healthy, productive, propitious, salutary, serviceable, wholesome; antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful. hayırsever charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful, benevolent, clement, gentle, kind, bountiful, generous, humane, kindly, lenient, liberal, magnanimous, philanthropic, compassionate, forbearing; antonyms (adj) unforgiving, mean, nasty, uncharitable. hayırseverlik charity (sadaka); synonyms (n) bounty, dole, favor, aid, generosity, kindness, liberality, mercy, virtue, clemency, compassion, gift, pity, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms (n) miserliness, intolerance.

haykırış cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.

haykırmak 1. cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor,

211

roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper, 2. shout (bağırmak); synonyms (v) cry, bawl, hollo, hail, holler, hoop, whoop, yelp, proclaim, (n) cheer, halloo, outcry, screech, exclamation, wail. hayli much (çok); synonyms (adv) greatly, frequently, almost, awfully, considerably, far, most, often, pretty, highly, (n) lot, heap, (adj) great, considerable, practically; antonym (adv) slightly. hayran fan (vantilatör, yelpaze); synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor. hayranlık admiration; synonyms (n) wonder, adoration, appreciation, esteem, reverence, amazement, estimation, regard, awe, liking, approbation, astonishment, compliment, credit, deference; antonyms (n) disrespect, disdain, criticism. hayret 1. wonder; synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon, wonderment, 2. astonishment; synonyms (n) wonder, confusion, consternation, awe, 3. amazement; synonyms (n) stupor, (v) amaze, 4. surprise (sürpriz); synonyms (n) fright, surprisal, (v) astound, alarm, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch, bewilder, confound, stagger, overwhelm, overtake. hayvan 1. animal (hayvansal); synonyms (n) brute, creature, beast, organism, being, fauna, monster, (adj) bodily, carnal, brutal, corporeal, physical, sensual, primitive, (adv) fleshly, 2. beast; synonyms (n) animal, swine, fiend, savage, barbarian, (adj) bear. hayvansal animal (hayvan); synonyms (n) brute, creature, beast, organism, being, fauna, monster, (adj) bodily, carnal, brutal, corporeal, physical, sensual, primitive, (adv) fleshly. Hayýr no (hayır); synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv) nay, (adj) zero, naught, none, non, nul. haz 1. delight; synonyms (n) joy, amusement, pleasure, rejoicing, bliss, delectation, gladness, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, cheer, enrapture, gratify; antonyms (n) sorrow, misery, (v) depress, displease, 2. pleasure; synonyms (n) delight, contentment, enjoyment, fun, gratification, content, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination, entertainment, fruition, pleasance, satisfaction, desire; antonyms (n) anger, irritation, ache, boredom, nuisance, 3. enjoyment; synonyms (n) appreciation, gusto, relish, diversion, ecstasy, glee, indulgence, merriment, use, zest; antonym (n) dislike. hazin sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal, distressing, gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable, pitiful, bad,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

212

Turkish - English

bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed, depressing, disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed. hazine 1. exchequer; synonyms (n) treasury, bank, purse, hanaper, 2. treasury; synonyms (n) exchequer, storehouse, thesaurus, anthology, mine, store, chest, coffer, repertory, safe, magazine, strongbox, agriculture, cache, casket. hazır 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available, convenient, apt, clever, expert, deft, dexterous, good, accessible, easy, commodious, functional, near, (n) ready; antonyms (adj) useless, clumsy, fixed, 2. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, consenting, obliging, content, desirous, game, glad; antonyms (adj) unwilling, reluctant, 3. forthcoming; synonyms (adj) future, coming, approaching, imminent, outgoing, upcoming, oncoming, pending, extroverted, gracious, (v) batching, brewing; antonym (adj) reserved, 4. finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete, completed, ended, perfect, consummate, absolute, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough, 5. available; synonyms (adj) free, possible, attainable, handy, obtainable, open, uncommitted, usable, vacant, valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj) unavailable, occupied, suppressed, concealed, engaged, 6. ready; synonyms (adj) fit, prompt, quick, nimble, finished, instant, agile, alert, facile, fast, (v) prepare, fix, willing, make, (n) eager; antonym (adj) unprepared, 7. present (armağan, hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent, 8. ripe; synonyms (adj) mature, adult, advanced, matured, right, (v) mellow; antonym (adj) green, 9. prepared; synonyms (adj) fitted, fain, competent, primed, efficient, equipped, able, destined, initiated, watchful. hazırlama preparation (hazırlık); synonyms (n) arrangement, concoction, provision, readiness, training, practice, formulation, homework, planning, prep, discipline, drill, instruction, background, prelude.

hazırlamak 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 2. prepare; synonyms (v) form, plan, dress, coach, devise, make, set, concoct, cook, equip, fit, groom, organize, qualify, discipline, 3. lay;

synonyms (v) deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, bet, impose, impute, (adj) secular, calm, laic, (n) ballad, pitch, 4. get (almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 5. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, becoming, (n) convulsion, attack; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell. hazırlanma preparation (hazırlık); synonyms (n) arrangement, concoction, provision, readiness, training, practice, formulation, homework, planning, prep, discipline, drill, instruction, background, prelude. hazırlık 1. preparation; synonyms (n) arrangement, concoction, provision, readiness, training, practice, formulation, homework, planning, prep, discipline, drill, instruction, background, prelude, 2. arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order, settlement, adjustment, array, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation, appointment, 3. provision (hüküm); synonyms (n) condition, clause, proviso, stock, article, board, requirement, stipulation, store, maintenance, prerequisite, (v) preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack. hazırlıklı prepared; synonyms (adj) disposed, fit, willing, fitted, fain, finished, ready, ripe, competent, inclined, primed, completed, efficient, mature, apt; antonyms (adj) unprepared, spontaneous. hazmetmek stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest. hazne reservoir; synonyms (n) cistern, fountain, well, lake, store, bank, hoard, reserve, stock, supply, tank. heceleme spelling (yazım); synonym (n) orthography. hecelemek spell; synonyms (n) magic, fascination, bout, conjuration, incantation, period, sorcery, enchantment, turn, span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, (v) charm. hedef 1. target (amaç); synonyms (n) butt, goal, mark, object, objective, ambition, destination, end, intent, focus, intention, (v) aim, point, purpose, direct, 2. destination; synonyms (n) address, haven, doom, destiny, fate, finish, target, terminus, 3. goal (kale); synonyms (n) design, basket, aspiration, limit, meaning, home, mission, plan, reason, wish, (v) bound, 4. aim (amaç, gaye); synonyms (n) trend, will, bearing, cause, direction, drift, idea, (v) endeavor, aspire, propose, strive, turn, attempt, drive, (adj) tend, 5. objective (amaç,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English nesnel, objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, accusative, impersonal, neutral, unbiased, unprejudiced, material, equitable, independent, (n) purport; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 6. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 7. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 8. object (amaç, nesne); synonyms (n) matter, subject, substance, motive, thing, being, (v) except, mind, complain, demur, remonstrate, argue, protest, carp, disagree; antonym (v) agree. hediye 1. gift (armağan); synonyms (n) donation, faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower, charity, aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow, (adj) endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n) inability, 2. present (armağan); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, current, (n) gift, offering, (v) display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, exhibit; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent. hekim doctor (doktor); synonyms (n) physician, doc, medico, (v) cure, adulterate, attend, fix, heal, mend, remedy, repair, cook, debase, falsify, leech; antonym (v) break. hekimlik medicine (tıp); synonyms (n) cure, drug, medicament, medication, physic, remedy, therapy, treatment, cathartic, potion, preparation, antidote, (v) medicate. hela 1. lavatory (tuvalet); synonyms (n) bathroom, can, toilet, commode, lav, bath, basin, privy, washbasin, washstand, crapper, 2. toilet (tuvalet); synonyms (n) lavatory, attire, dress, stool, costume, guise, raiment, drapery, pot, potty, throne. helezon spiral (sarmal); synonyms (n) coil, helix, volute, roll, spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate, (v) curl, loop, screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend. helikopter helicopter; synonyms (n) chopper, whirlybird, eggbeater, airliner, airplane, chop, cleaver, eggwhisk, jet, plane, pearly. hem also (da, de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise, moreover, more, besides, withal, again, equally, further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore. hemcins fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade, (n) companion, associate, boy, equal, brother, chap, colleague, compeer, peer, buddy, dude, dog, counterpart, (v) concomitant. hemen 1. immediately; synonyms (adv) directly, forthwith, instantly, now, right, direct, readily, instantaneously, presently, rapidly, incontinently, momentarily, summarily, exactly, (adj) instanter;

213

antonyms (adv) later, slowly, 2. instantly; synonyms (adv) immediately, promptly, outright, quickly, soon, straight, straightaway, suddenly; antonym (adv) eventually, 3. immediate; synonyms (adj) close, prompt, sudden, near, present, quick, expeditious, fast, hasty, instant, proximate, speedy, express, adjacent, firsthand; antonyms (adj) slow, gradual, consecutive, deliberate, 4. directly; synonyms (adv) bluntly, frankly, personally, sheer, flat, slap, precisely, absolutely, flatly, honestly, just, simply, sincerely, (adj) forthright, plump; antonyms (adv) indirectly, obliquely, 5. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early, anon, betimes, soonly, briefly, erelong, speedily, afterward, curtly. hemşire 1. nurse; synonyms (n) nurture, doctor, amah, (v) nourish, attend, cherish, entertain, foster, harbor, lactate, cradle, cultivate, keep, raise, breastfeed, 2. sister; synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, mate, twin, baby, counterpart, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis. hendek 1. ditch; synonyms (n) trench, canal, channel, dike, drain, gutter, (v) abandon, chuck, desert, discard, dump, moat, cut, leave, scrap; antonym (v) keep, 2. trench; synonyms (n) ditch, furrow, groove, hollow, dugout, foxhole, sewer, deep, trough, (v) encroach, excavate, infringe, entrench, impinge. henüz 1. yet; synonyms (adv) however, but, notwithstanding, even, nonetheless, though, besides, further, hitherto, eventually, unless, always, (conj) nevertheless, (n) already, (v) still, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, (adj) fair, right, correct, equitable, accurate, honest, impartial, barely, fit, good, reasonable, righteous; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong. hep 1. always (daima, her zaman); synonyms (adv) forever, continuously, whenever, eternally, ever, unceasingly, consistently, constantly, continually, e'er, everlastingly, evermore, hourly, (adj) still, eternal; antonyms (adv) never, erratically, 2. ever; synonyms (adv) always, perpetually, 3. all (bütün, hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some. hepsi all (bütün, tüm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some. her 1. each; synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) every, any, singular, distinct, eche, ilk, eminent, exceptional, extraordinary, odd, same, strange, uncommon, unique, 2. all (bütün, hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

214

Turkish - English

wholly, completely, (adj) universal, each, gross, complete, alone, entire, (n) aggregate, entirety; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some. herhangi any; synonyms (adj) all, either, whichever, every, several, some, alone, few, ony, quantitative, only, (n) aught, part, (pron) who. herif 1. guy (adam); synonyms (n) boy, lad, cat, fellow, man, bozo, hombre, male, person, rope, tether, band, (v) rib, blackguard; antonym (n) woman, 2. dog (köpek); synonyms (n) cur, andiron, click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase, hound, beset, hunt, tail, track, trail, course, follow, 3. fellow (adam); synonyms (adj) comrade, (n) companion, associate, equal, brother, chap, colleague, compeer, peer, buddy, dude, dog, counterpart, escort, (v) concomitant, 4. bloke; synonyms (n) geezer, guy. herkes all (bütün, hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some. hesap 1. account; synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale, description, explanation, history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v) report, 2. calculation (hesaplama); synonyms (n) account, analysis, arithmetic, computation, deliberation, discretion, estimate, forecast, anticipation, projection, count, expectation, figuring, (v) estimation, (adj) circumspection, 3. bill (fatura, gaga); synonyms (n) beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, notice, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 4. estimate; synonyms (n) calculation, appraisal, assessment, (v) compute, consider, esteem, guess, weigh, appraise, assess, conjecture, gauge, reckon, appraisement, appreciate; antonym (v) calculate, 5. score; synonyms (n) mark, scratch, line, groove, scotch, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, gain, get, grade, hit. hesaplama calculation (hesap); synonyms (n) reckoning, account, analysis, arithmetic, computation, deliberation, discretion, estimate, forecast, anticipation, projection, count, expectation, (v) estimation, (adj) circumspection. hesaplamak calculate; synonyms (v) count, estimate, account, add, appraise, cipher, compute, deem, enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess, make, reckon, consider. hevenk hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant. heves 1. enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness, ardor, devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal, ebullience, ecstasy, flame, gusto, inspiration, interest, keenness, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy,

indifference, lethargy, 2. anxiety (endişe); synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish, anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry, worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n) calmness, bravery, calm, confidence, 3. inclination (eğilim); synonyms (n) disposition, desire, bent, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency, drift, appetite, bias, dip, proclivity, disposal, liking, mind; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 4. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, belly, breadbasket, inclination, maw, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest. hevesli 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous, ardent, earnest, agog, acute, ambitious, enthusiastic, keen, zealous, industrious, studious, active, burning, craving; antonyms (adj) indifferent, apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned, 2. enthusiastic; synonyms (adj) eager, hearty, cordial, anxious, devoted, excited, fiery, passionate, animated, vehement, heated, dedicated, dynamic, energetic, (n) buoyant; antonyms (adj) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, lethargic, 3. keen; synonyms (adj) sharp, intense, intelligent, biting, brisk, exquisite, piercing, discriminating, clever, astute, bright, cutting, fervent, hungry, (v) fresh; antonyms (adj) dull, blunt, 4. responsive; synonyms (adj) sensitive, amenable, receptive, susceptible, agreeable, delicate, impressionable, responsible, antiphonal, conscious, interested, perceptive. Hey hello (alo, merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting, hi, howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail. heybet majesty; synonyms (n) glory, grandeur, dignity, loftiness, splendor, greatness, magnificence, nobility, stateliness, king, royalty, highness, pomp, emperor, (adj) solemnity. heybetli 1. imposing; synonyms (v) impressive, (adj) grand, dignified, noble, grandiose, stately, distinguished, baronial, lofty, regal, awesome, exalted, (n) commanding, solemn, grave; antonym (adj) humble, 2. tremendous; synonyms (adj) terrific, enormous, fantastic, immense, dreadful, huge, marvelous, wonderful, formidable, gigantic, mighty, fearful, awful, great, prodigious; antonym (adj) insignificant. heyecan 1. emotion (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, love, feeling, passion, sensation, heart, agitation, commotion, excitement, mood, pathos, sensibility, anger, (v) impression; antonym (n) intelligence, 2. excitement; synonyms (n) emotion, animation, disturbance, eagerness, elation, enthusiasm, taking, effervescence, excitation, exhilaration, kick, thrill, tumult, disorder, fire; antonyms (n) tedium, dullness, boredom, tediousness, 3. bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash, strike, blast, blow,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English bump, (v) hit, slam, bash, boom, clatter, 4. fever; synonyms (n) delirium, feverishness, frenzy, heat, pyrexia, febricity, restlessness, craze, pain, rage, disease, fury, lather, outburst, confusion. heyecanlı 1. exciting; synonyms (adj) excited, breathtaking, exhilarating, impressive, moving, provocative, rousing, stirring, dramatic, emotional, agitated, absorbing, arousing, electric, fascinating; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, bland, insipid, monotonous, uninteresting, unexciting, 2. emotional (duygusal); synonyms (adj) affecting, affective, effusive, passionate, poignant, sensational, sensitive, warm, affectional, fervent, mawkish, touching, touchy, aroused, (v) emotive; antonyms (adj) impassive, unemotional, unflappable, 3. warm (ılık, ısıtmak, sıcak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty, (v) heat; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill. heyelan slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. heyet 1. committee; synonyms (n) board, council, commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau, staff, group, team, administration, assembly, charge, class, commissioning, 2. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment, committee, duty, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, empower, 3. corps; synonyms (n) brigade, company, army, battalion, detachment, regiment, troop, crew, party, band, column, force, garrison, host, battalia, 4. group (grup, küme); synonyms (n) bunch, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump, gathering, lump, muster, (v) assemblage, cluster, rank, sort, arrange, 5. college; synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy, institute, society, institution, university, (adj) academic. heykel 1. statue; synonyms (n) image, figure, monument, statuette, effigy, bust, icon, picture, model, statua, deity, doll, dummy, imitation, 2. image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) fancy, conception, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, idol, imagination, photograph, diagram, (v) depict, envision. hibe gift (armağan, hediye); synonyms (n) donation, faculty, award, flair, capacity, dower, charity, aptitude, bent, (v) present, boon, bestow, (adj) endowment, ability, talent; antonym (n) inability. hiç 1. nothing (hiçbir şey); synonyms (n) zero, cipher, nobody, nihil, nonentity, aught, cypher, nix, null, trifle, nada, zilch, (adv) naught, (adj) nil, worthless; antonym (pron) something, 2. none

215

(hiçbiri); synonym (adj) no, 3. ever; synonyms (adv) always, continually, e'er, perpetually, eternally, (adj) constantly, still, forever; antonym (adv) never, 4. any; synonyms (adj) all, either, whichever, every, several, some, alone, few, ony, quantitative, only, (pron) who, (n) part, 5. never (asla, hiçbir zaman); synonyms (adv) ne'er, nevermore, nor, tomorrow, 6. whatever; synonyms (adj) any, whatsoever, (pron) what, partly, somewhat, whatso, whosoever, (adv) anyway, regardless. hiçbiri 1. none; synonyms (adj) nil, no, 2. neither; synonym (conj) nother. hiçlik zero (sıfır); synonyms (n) nil, nothing, nobody, cipher, naught, cypher, nought, null, nihil, nullity, aught, nix, root, zilch, zip. hicret migration; synonyms (n) exodus, movement, journey, transmigration, departure, exile, colonization, metempsychosis, evacuation, flood, travel, (v) flit, flitting. hiddet 1. anger (kızgınlık, öfke); synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please, placate, pacify, calm, 2. rage; synonyms (n) anger, passion, frenzy, craze, exasperation, fad, fashion, madness, mania, chafe, delirium, (v) bluster, storm, (adj) flame, ire, 3. fury; synonyms (n) ferocity, force, furor, choler, fierceness, furiousness, furore, vehemence, violence, outrage, heat, impetuosity, intensity, irritation, shrew, 4. steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas, air. hiddetli angry (kızgın, öfkeli); synonyms (adj) furious, incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging, vehement, maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued, splenetic, angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj) calm, pleased, gentle. hidrojen hydrogen; synonyms (n) butane, diacetylmorphine, heroin, horse, hydrogenium, propane, junk, scag, shit, smack. hikaye story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel; antonym (n) truth. hile 1. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) contrivance, apparatus, appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, 2. deception (aldanma); synonyms (n) deceit, illusion, betrayal, delusion, fake, pretense, bluff, cheating, con, duplicity, fallacy, falsehood, fraud, guile, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty, 3. fraud; synonyms (n) counterfeit, deception, dishonesty, sham, faker, impostor,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

216

Turkish - English

swindle, trickery, forgery, gouge, embezzlement, ruse, chicanery, crook, deceiver, 4. craft; synonyms (n) boat, ability, art, cunning, trade, artfulness, shift, business, job, occupation, profession, skill, vessel, work, calling, 5. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, knack, hoax, (v) deceive, mislead, beguile, bamboozle, defraud, fob, fool, hoodwink, 6. manipulation; synonyms (n) handling, management, treatment, use, control, intrigue, touch, execution, massage, 7. plant (bitki); synonyms (n) manufactory, equipment, factory, herb, mill, (v) fix, place, embed, graft, set, constitute, establish, found, lay, bury, 8. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 9. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, merchandise, realize, vend, clear, gammon, pass, deliver, negotiate, (n) shave; antonym (v) buy. hileli 1. false (taklit, yanlış); synonyms (adj) bastard, counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous, artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless, fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true, real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural, truthful, honest, valid, 2. unfair; synonyms (adj) partial, unjust, foul, inequitable, dishonorable, fraudulent, undeserved, wrongful, underhand, unsporting, mean, crooked, dirty, undue, unequal; antonyms (adj) fair, just, reasonable, balanced, rightful, 3. tricky; synonyms (adj) crafty, cunning, artful, sly, delicate, difficult, foxy, shifty, slippery, wily, complicated, designing, dodgy, guileful, hard; antonyms (adj) easy, straightforward. himaye 1. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary, shelter, haven, home, institution, madhouse, retreat, cover, harbor, protection, 2. patronage; synonyms (n) support, backing, clientele, condescension, favor, trade, assistance, aid, auspices, championship, countenance, help, business, (v) keep, sustain, 3. sponsorship; synonyms (n) sponsor, patronage, sponsion, endorsement, benefaction, cosponsor, devotion, economics, encouragement, investment, membership, money, start, bias, funding, 4. protection (koruma); synonyms (n) defense, care, conservation, custody, defence, guardianship, security, aegis, preservation, shield, bulwark, hedge, escort, charge, (v) guard; antonym (n) destruction. hınç score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash. hindi turkey (Türkiye); synonyms (n) dud, failure, bomb, flop, joker, butt, coward, fiasco, fool,

jokester, loser, luggage, misfire, (adj) imperfect, incapable. hınzır wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, bad, evil, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous, unholy, vile, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, foul, hellish; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure. hipotez hypothesis; synonyms (n) assumption, conjecture, supposition, guess, theory, speculation, belief, condition, idea, opinion, postulation, presumption, presupposition, surmise, concept. hırçın sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly. hırdavat hardware (donanım); synonyms (n) ironmongery, ironware, gun, armament, medal, gem, jewel, jewelry, trinket, accouterments, appliances, fasteners, fittings, fixtures, housewares. hırs ambition (tutku); synonyms (n) aspiration, aim, ambitiousness, dream, drive, goal, hope, objective, purpose, target, wish, intention, design, desire, eagerness; antonym (n) apathy. hırsız thief; synonyms (n) robber, burglar, bandit, pirate, plunderer, crook, filcher, stealer, despoiler, freebooter, pillager, rifler. hırsızlık 1. theft; synonyms (n) robbery, larceny, stealing, burglary, thievery, embezzlement, thieving, depredation, latrociny, stealth, 2. robbery; synonyms (n) rape, looting, pillage, plunder, theft, holdup, freebooting, pillaging, spoil, (v) despoliation, spoliation, 3. burglary; synonyms (n) housebreaking, felony, crime, appropriation, caper, filching, incident, mugging, pilferage, pilfering, pinching, pocketing, prowl, raid, safecracking, 4. steal (aşırmak, çalmak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift, purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, thieve, (n) bargain. hırslı 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot, angry, animated, burning, excited, fervent, fierce, earnest, amorous, eager, enthusiastic, excitable, (adv) fiery, (v) impetuous; antonyms (adj) apathetic, indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. ambitious (tutkulu); synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult, energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive, desirous, enterprising, grandiose, pushy. his 1. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 2. feeling (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, passion, emotion, atmosphere, belief, hunch, intuition, mood, opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, excitement, (adj) emotional; antonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English numbness, indifference, 3. sentiment; synonyms (n) judgement, judgment, persuasion, attitude, position, apprehension, conception, image, observation, sensibility, thought, view, heart, love, estimation, 4. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure, find, hold, suffer, suppose, think, (n) touch, sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe, 5. emotion (duygu); synonyms (n) agitation, commotion, pathos, anger. hisar 1. castle (kale); synonyms (n) rook, citadel, fortification, fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion, palace, stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v) donjon, 2. fort; synonyms (n) castle, bastion, defense, bulwark, garrison, refuge, (v) fortify, sconce, 3. tower (burç, kule); synonyms (n) column, pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise, loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, mount, (adj) pillar. hısım 1. kin; synonyms (n) family, kindred, folk, house, clan, gender, stock, folks, tribe, connection, kinsmen, affinity, consanguinity, kinfolk, kinsfolk, 2. relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. hısımlık affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport, relation, relationship, semblance, penchant, agreement, attachment, conformity, connection.

hisse 1. share (hisse senedi, pay, paylaşmak); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense, divide, partition; antonym (v) control, 2. portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) division, constituent, component, fragment, parcel, section, allowance, destiny, fate, fortune, installment, member, segment, (v) dividend, assign, 3. quantum; synonyms (n) amount, measure, magnitude, quantity, mass, measurement, sum, total, amplitude, 4. quota; synonyms (n) proportion, share, contingent, ratio, ration, slice, rate, percentage, cut, helping, stint. hissedar shareholder; synonyms (n) participant, shareowner, stockholder, saver, depositor. hissedilir sensible; synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware, judicious, perceptible, prudent, rational, sagacious, intelligent, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise, harebrained. hissetme feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) experience, sense, consider, finger, handle, believe, deem,

217

endure, find, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe. hissetmek 1. feel; synonyms (v) experience, sense, consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure, find, (n) touch, atmosphere, feeling, sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe, 2. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, idea, impression, notion, reason, understanding, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish. hissi sentimental (duygusal); synonyms (adj) emotional, maudlin, mushy, romantic, tender, mawkish, schmaltzy, soft, sappy, bathetic, loving, mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy, slushy. hissizlik indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n) apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion, favorite, sympathy. hitabe 1. address (adres, söylev); synonyms (n) accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2. speech (konuşma, söylev); synonyms (n) address, delivery, expression, conversation, language, diction, communication, discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say, saying. hiyerarşi hierarchy; synonyms (n) order, rank, class, apparatus, executive, hagiocracy, hierocracy, scale, ladder, ranking, society, tree. hiyerarşik hierarchical; synonyms (adj) hierarchal, hierarchic, archiepiscopal. hız 1. speed; synonyms (n) race, rapidity, velocity, celerity, (v) hasten, hurry, quicken, run, rush, accelerate, dash, dispatch, expedite, promote, shoot; antonym (n) slowness, 2. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, 3. impetus; synonyms (n) impulse, drive, force, impulsion, power, goad, incentive, momentum, spur, stimulus, thrust, urge, motivation, propulsion, (v) energy, 4. pace (adım); synonyms (n) walk, rate, footstep, speed, tempo, tread, fastness, beat, cadence, carriage, footfall, measure, (v) step, gait, stride, 5. velocity; synonyms (n) swiftness, quickness, fleetness, haste, agility, promptness, (v) port. hizip faction; synonyms (n) cabal, crew, sect, band, dissension, division, feud, group, junto, party, set, team, conflict, crowd, part.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

218

Turkish - English

hızla quickly; synonyms (adv) promptly, immediately,

hobi hobby; synonyms (n) fad, amusement, avocation,

directly, early, quick, pronto, nimbly, apace, hastily, rapidly, readily, (adj) fast, shortly, forthwith, (n) instantly; antonyms (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently. hızlanma acceleration (ivme); synonyms (n) speed, rapidity, rise, quickening, quickness, rush, speedup, swiftness. hızlı 1. quick (çabuk); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, (adv) fast; antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull, 2. fast (oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slowly, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3. swift; synonyms (adj) fleet, lively, sudden, abrupt, express, ready, sprightly, impetuous, unexpected, immediate, keen, brief, impulsive, (n) cylinder, (adv) swiftly; antonym (adj) considered, 4. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial, clear, exact, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) vague, 5. rapid; synonyms (adj) swift, winged, precipitous, precipitate, rash, volant, instantaneous; antonym (adj) gradual. hizmet 1. service; synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance, 2. duty; synonyms (n) function, commitment, assignment, charge, chore, obligation, dues, job, must, part, responsibility, tax, work, post, custom. hizmetçi 1. maid; synonyms (n) amah, domestic, girl, housemaid, maiden, virgin, maidservant, servant, woman, 2. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help, henchman, minister, messenger, dependent, vassal, slave, drudge, handmaiden, 3. domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil, familiar, household, internal, native, domesticated, family, indigenous, indoor, inland, interior, (n) homely, maid; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild, external, 4.

cockhorse, interest, pastime, pursuit, entertainment, diversion, hobbyhorse, recreation, sideline, activity. hoca teacher (öğretmen); synonyms (n) instructor, master, coach, preceptor, educator, mentor, tutor, guide, missionary, trainer, adviser, counselor, guru; antonym (n) student. hol hall; synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, lobby, mansion, vestibule, auditorium, anteroom, court, castle, concourse, antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory, (v) passage. homoseksüel homosexual; synonyms (adj) dykey, (n) gay, lesbian, homo, dyke, human, man, queen. hoparlör speaker; synonyms (n) loudspeaker, narrator, orator, president, spokesman, conversationalist, chairman, talker, utterer, principal. hortlak ghost (hayalet); synonyms (n) apparition, shade, spirit, soul, spectre, spook, appearance, manes, suggestion, shadow, touch, trace, (v) specter, ghostwrite, haunt. hoş 1. pleasant; synonyms (adj) bright, acceptable, agreeable, amiable, charming, jolly, kindly, nice, facetious, affable, attractive, cheerful, clear, comfortable, congenial; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, disagreeable, disgusting, foul, gruesome, harsh, horrible, nasty, repugnant, shocking, terrible, unwelcome, appalling, discordant, frosty, 2. lovely (güzel); synonyms (adj) fine, beautiful, delightful, enchanting, handsome, lovable, alluring, adorable, elegant, endearing, exquisite, fair, gorgeous, graceful, gracious; antonyms (adj) hideous, ugly, unattractive, 3. nice; synonyms (adj) dainty, fastidious, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable, delicious, correct, decent, delicate, difficult, enjoyable, exact, particular, 4. enjoyable; synonyms (adj) delectable, amusing, pleasant, gratifying, pleasing, pleasurable, joyful, heavenly, entertaining, palatable, satisfying, sweet, welcome, wonderful, 5. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, fresh, mellow, dear, melodious, musical, sugary, fragrant, honeyed, luscious, odorous, savory, aromatic, clean, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 6. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, greasy, liquid, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, crease, 7. pretty (güzel); synonyms (adv) very, fairly, quite, rather, somewhat, moderately, slightly, (adj) goodlooking, picturesque, cute, smart, comely, bonny, becoming, noble, 8. charming; synonyms (adj) captivating, winning, appealing, bewitching, fascinating, magic, magical, pretty, tempting,

help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment. hizmetçilik service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. hizmetli employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English wizard, magnetic, compelling, desirable, engaging, enthralling; antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing, 9. delicious; synonyms (adj) appetizing, toothsome, grateful, juicy, scrumptious, succulent, tasty, yummy; antonym (adj) tasteless, 10. delightful; synonyms (adj) blissful, interesting, blithe, glad, glorious, marvelous; antonym (adj) hateful, 11. fine (güzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) brave, capital, excellent, thin, acute, admirable, alright, choice, polite, stunning, superior, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish, mulct; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 12. winning; synonyms (v) seductive, (adj) triumphant, victorious, fetching, taking, successful, inviting, disarming, ingratiating, persuasive; antonym (adv) losing, 13. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. hoşbeş chat (sohbet); synonyms (n) gossip, talk, chatter, chitchat, conversation, causerie, confab, gab, rap, (v) converse, chaffer, confabulate, prattle, speak, tattle; antonym (v) listen. hoşgeldiniz welcome (hoş geldiniz); synonyms (adj) acceptable, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, enjoyable, (v) accept, greet, invite, receive, hail, entertain, (n) salute, hospitality, reception, embrace; antonyms (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, (v) reject. hoşgörü tolerance; synonyms (n) endurance, allowance, indulgence, leniency, patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness, consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance, mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry, chauvinism, extremism. hoşlanma enjoyment; synonyms (n) delight, pleasure, appreciation, gratification, comfort, amusement, delectation, gusto, happiness, relish, satisfaction, diversion, bliss, ecstasy, entertainment; antonyms (n) boredom, dislike. hoşlanmak 1. enjoy (beğenmek); synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, relish, delight, experience, like, love, own, rejoice, revel, devour, take; antonym (v) dislike, 2. like (beğenmek, benzer, sevmek); synonyms (v) corresponding, enjoy, identical, care, desire, fancy, (adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same, parallel, similar, such; antonyms (prep) unlike, (adj) different, 3. care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, caution, concern, aid, apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, (v) anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard. hoşnut 1. content (içerik); synonyms (n) capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject, substance,

219

contentedness, (adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight; antonyms (adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset, 2. glad (memnun); synonyms (adj) cheerful, jubilant, gay, blithe, content, delighted, festive, delightful, bright, genial, willing, beaming, blissful, blessed, proud; antonym (adj) sad, 3. pleased; synonyms (adj) glad, elated, gratified, joyful, thankful, appreciative, comfortable, overjoyed, satisfied, grateful; antonyms (adj) displeased, angry, annoyed, worried, 4. satisfied; synonyms (v) convinced, (adj) full, pleased, certain, confident, sure, complacent, persuaded, sated, satiated, easy, positive, quenched; antonym (adj) frustrated. hoşnutluk 1. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure, amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent, 2. content (içerik); synonyms (n) capacity, matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness, happiness, (adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, gratify; antonyms (adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) upset. hoşnutsuzluk dissatisfaction; synonyms (n) displeasure, disappointment, disaffection, dislike, discontent, distaste, disquiet, disapproval, disapprobation, regret, aversion, disfavor, disinclination, ennui; antonyms (n) satisfaction, contentment. hoyrat rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. hücre 1. cell (göze); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave, booth, chamber, compartment, coop, cubicle, den, lair, recess, 2. hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack, pocket, breach, break, burrow, corner, depression, fix, hollow, pit, vent, cavern, (adj) gap. hücreli cellular; synonyms (adj) locular, multilocular, polygastric, cellulated, cystic, organic, vascular, ventricular, vesicular, spongious. hücresel cellular; synonyms (adj) locular, multilocular, polygastric, cellulated, cystic, organic, vascular, ventricular, vesicular, spongious.

hücum 1. attack (hücum etmek, kriz, saldırmak); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 2. aggression (saldırı); synonyms (n) hostility, offensive,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

220

Turkish - English

aggressiveness, antagonism, attack, invasion, offense; antonym (n) friendliness, 3. assault; synonyms (n) rush, violence, rape, battery, violation, storming, blitz, descent, (v) storm, violate, ambush, batter, beat, force, hit, 4. offensive; synonyms (adj) foul, disgusting, distasteful, abusive, aggressive, loathsome, nauseous, coarse, abominable, disagreeable, impertinent, insulting, (v) odious, nasty, hateful; antonyms (adj) complimentary, inoffensive, pleasant, defensive, polite, tasteful, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, demand, direction, (v) blame, bid, load, arraign, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, 6. onset; synonyms (n) beginning, inroad, birth, commencement, dawn, onrush, outbreak, foray, advent, opening, start, fire, oncoming, 7. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, flood, flow, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, quicken, jet, (adj) burst, spurt, 8. push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, jolt, poke, elbow, energy, (v) drive, impel, crowd, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, boost, fight; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul. hudut 1. frontier; synonyms (n) border, boundary, edge, line, bound, brink, limit, perimeter, stint, backwoods, (adj) terminal, 2. boundary (sınır); synonyms (n) area, end, periphery, barrier, fringe, frontier, margin, outskirts, rim, verge, bounds, circuit, circumference, compass, division, 3. border (kenar, sınır); synonyms (n) extremity, bed, brim, skirt, limits, rand, confine, edging, (v) abut, adjoin, hem, surround, approach, butt, enclose; antonyms (n) middle, (v) center. hükmetmek 1. dominate; synonyms (v) command, control, prevail, reign, rule, direct, manage, overlook, possess, predominate, crush, domineer, govern, hold, (adj) preponderate, 2. award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade, decoration, medal, prize, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer, honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3. rule (kural); synonyms (n) order, decree, dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate, authority, dictate, government, line, precept, (v) influence, dominate, measure. hukuk law (kanun, yasa); synonyms (n) rule, canon, decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment, jurisprudence, justice, order, police, principle, ruling, axiom, directive. hukukçu lawyer (avukat); synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, agent, representative, advisor, leguleian, beagle, brief, defender, fixer, mouthpiece, pettifogger, proctor, shyster. hukuki 1. judicial; synonyms (adj) forensic, judiciary, legal, judicatory, dispassionate, lawful, juridic, juridical, discriminative, judicious, 2. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) sound, valid, constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true,

correct, sanctioned, official, right, authentic, (v) allowable, legitimate, licit; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, bogus. hüküm 1. provision; synonyms (n) arrangement, condition, clause, proviso, stock, article, board, requirement, stipulation, store, maintenance, (v) preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack, 2. award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade, decoration, medal, prize, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer, honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3. verdict; synonyms (n) finding, decision, conclusion, determination, decree, resolution, ruling, sentence, choice, 4. decree; synonyms (n) command, act, edict, dictate, verdict, bylaw, (v) order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will, enjoin, appoint, 5. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job, activity, 6. decision (karar); synonyms (n) arbitration, constancy, agreement, decisiveness, discrimination, finality, firmness, resolve, result, (v) doom, 7. judgement; synonyms (n) discretion, assessment, discernment, opinion, belief, judging, mind, perspicacity, sagacity, 8. ruling; synonyms (adj) leading, regnant, reigning, prevailing, prevalent, dominant, supreme, first, powerful, chief, (n) directive, judgement, law, pronouncement, instruction, 9. sentence (tümce); synonyms (n) condemnation, conviction, phrase, penalty, punishment, dictum, (v) condemn, convict, judge, damn, adjudge, saying, proscribe, adjudicate, fate, 10. statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) ordinance, constitution, charter, canon, enactment, regulation, code, bill, pandect, proclamation, 11. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion, principle, regulate, reign, authority, government, line, precept, sway, (v) control, influence, direct, dominate, measure. hükümdar 1. ruler (cetvel); synonyms (n) master, governor, monarch, leader, dynast, prince, chief, head, director, controller, sheik, sovereign, government, (adj) rule, regent, 2. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator, 3. prince (prens); synonyms (n) potentate, duke, king, magnate. hükümet 1. government (yönetim); synonyms (n) administration, authority, control, direction, command, dominion, governance, cabinet, authorities, governing, guidance, (adj) empire, rule, (v) conduct, management, 2. administration (yönetim); synonyms (n) organization, running, power, execution, executive, government, leadership, reign, supervision, department, application, incumbency, ministry, charge, disposal.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English hüner 1. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse, accomplishment, address, adroitness, aptitude, cleverness, (adj) dexterity, craft, art; antonyms (n) clumsiness, inability, incompetence, 2. art (sanat); synonyms (n) know-how, skill, talent, trick, artistry, science, artfulness, trade, work, profession, expertise, graphics, handicraft, knowledge, (adj) cunning, 3. craft; synonyms (n) boat, guile, fraud, shift, business, deceit, job, occupation, vessel, calling, chicanery, craftiness, craftsmanship, (v) construct, (adj) competence.

hür 1. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 2. independent (bağımsız); synonyms (adj) free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial, nonpartisan, sovereign, unallied, self-sufficient, detached, distinct, individual, (n) freelance, mugwump, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) dependent, simultaneous. hurda scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep. hurma date (tarih); synonyms (n) age, appointment, assignation, engagement, epoch, meeting, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine, register, accompany. hürmet 1. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate, heed, attend, account, believe, consider, count, hold, (n) notice, respect, esteem, deference, look; antonym (n) disrespect, 2. respect; synonyms (n) honor, homage, worship, consideration, connection, obeisance, admiration, (v) regard, observe, admire, appreciate, estimation, keep, prize, reverence; antonyms (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, (v) scorn, despise, dishonor, disregard, humiliate. hürmetler respects; synonyms (n) regards, compliment, compliments, greeting, baisemains, courtesies, deference, egards, kowtow, salutations, (adj) abord, welcome. hürriyet 1. freedom (özgürlük); synonyms (n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease, liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, dependence, restraint, suppression, 2. liberty (özgürlük); synonyms (n) freedom, license, independence, leave, latitude, permission, privilege, familiarity, permit, generosity, impropriety, indecorum, irresponsibility, leisure,

221

(adj) liberality, 3. independence (bağımsızlık); synonyms (n) independency, individuality,

detachment, neutrality, sovereignty, inconsequence; antonym (n) childhood. hüsran frustration; synonyms (n) failure, defeat, disappointment, letdown, vexation, setback, check, disillusionment, anger, irritation, annoyance, dissatisfaction, foiling. husus 1. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level, 2. matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, body, import, interest, item, subject, (v) case, count. hüviyet 1. identity (kimlik, özdeşlik); synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality, sameness, character, equality, person, similarity, equivalence, 2. identification (kimlik); synonyms (n) designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming, papers, remembering, badge, recognition, denomination. huy 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor, 2. temper; synonyms (n) character, disposition, nature, condition, anger, spirit, (v) moderate, soften, harden, mitigate, modify, season, qualify, anneal, (adj) mollify; antonyms (v) intensify, upset, 3. vein (damar); synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine, stripe, tone, cast, style, fund, funicle, stock, (adj) strip, 4. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, note, part, quality, role, type, brand, constitution, description, eccentric, standing, atmosphere, attitude, attribute, case, 5. blood (kan); synonyms (n) ancestry, birth, gore, descent, family, kindred, lineage, origin, beau, bloodshed, consanguinity, coxcomb, exquisite, extraction, (adj) juice, 6. kidney (böbrek); synonyms (n) class, variety, feather, mettle, order, nephros, waiter, 7. temperament; synonyms (n) personality, composure, equanimity, calmness, heart, inclination, modulation, morale. huysuz 1. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate, fastidious, hard, knotty, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex; antonyms (adj) easy, simple, straightforward, goodnatured, rewarding, clear, 2. vicious; synonyms (adj) evil, bad, depraved, malicious, brutal, cruel, malevolent, venomous, wicked, immoral, nasty, barbarous, corrupt, poisonous, savage; antonyms (adj) kind, gentle, friendly, 3. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

222

Turkish - English

contemptible, low; antonym (adj) generous, 4. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, goodtempered, 5. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, offensive, atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque, horrible, monstrous; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental. huysuzluk bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury, indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred. huzme beam (ışın, kiriş); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine. hüzün 1. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, dark, darkness, depression, dimness, dusk, cloud, dreariness, dejection, despair, despondency, grief, melancholy, misery; antonyms (n) light, brightness, happiness, cheerfulness, 2. blues; synonyms (n) doldrums, gloom, distress, sorrow, bleachers, dismay, ennui, megrims, mood, woe, glumness, (adj) melancholia, lachrymals, mumps, dismals, 3. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, hint, apparition, follower, phantom, reflection, umbrage, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, track, 4. sadness; synonyms (n) regret, mourning, affliction, gloominess, unhappiness, bereavement, mournfulness, anguish, heaviness, pity, pessimism, ruefulness; antonyms (n) amusement, joy, laughter. hüzünlü sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal, distressing, gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable, pitiful, bad, bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed, depressing, disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed. huzur 1. peace (barış); synonyms (n) calm, harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, 2. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, satisfaction, alleviation, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 3. presence; synonyms (n) appearance, front, attendance, bearing, manner, mien, carriage, air, comportment, figure, demeanor, company, aspect, look, (adj) breeding; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 4. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, consolation, amenity, assistance, support, luxury, pleasure, sympathy, (v) cheer, soothe, console, encourage, pity, reassure, cherish; antonyms (n)

aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, 5. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, placid, tranquil, (v) appease, moderate, silence, easy, (n) compose, peace; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active. huzurlu peaceful; synonyms (adj) calm, gentle, peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace, placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene, tranquil; antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, tense, violent. huzursuz 1. restless; synonyms (adj) fidgety, nervous, uneasy, unquiet, agitated, apprehensive, fretful, impatient, restive, feverish, turbulent, jumpy, disturbed, edgy, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) calm, relaxed, 2. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, restless, concerned, awkward, solicitous, jittery, troubled, worried, embarrassing, clumsy, difficult, doubtful, fearful, stiff, unsettled. huzursuzluk 1. unrest; synonyms (n) turmoil, agitation, disquiet, disorder, ferment, fermentation, revolution, tumult, turbulence, commotion, excitement, chaos, disturbance, restlessness, strife; antonyms (n) calm, rest, 2. discomfort; synonyms (n) pain, uneasiness, annoyance, anxiety, unease, displeasure, distress, hurt, malaise, misery, soreness, suffering, uncomfortableness, awkwardness, dissatisfaction; antonyms (v) ease, comfort. huzurunda before (önce, önünde); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind, after, afterward.

I iade 1. return (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (n) yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 2. restoration; synonyms (n) reinstatement, renewal, renovation, revival, regaining, repair, return, rejuvenation, recession, recuperation, reform, regeneration, comeback, improvement, (v) amends; antonym (n) reduction. ibadet 1. worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n) adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration, devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate, 2. service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ibik crest; synonyms (n) apex, crown, peak, summit, top, brow, acme, pinnacle, height, hilltop, zenith, upside, edge, (v) cap, climax. ibne 1. gay; synonyms (adj) cheerful, bright, convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, (n) homosexual, gallant, 2. queen (kraliçe); synonyms (n) empress, king, lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler. ibraz presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment. ibre 1. needle (iğne); synonyms (n) injection, pointer, awl, plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad, irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag, 2. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant. ibret 1. example (örnek); synonyms (n) case, exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, sample, design, guide, model, paradigm, pattern, precedent, prototype, archetype, piece, 2. lesson; synonyms (n) exercise, example, instruction, class, learning, message, moral, reading, sermon, study, task, warning, contraindication, (v) rebuke, 3. warning (ihtar, uyarı); synonyms (n) notice, advice, caution, indication, lesson, admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel, monition, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging. ibrişim twist; synonyms (n) twine, wind, spin, twirl, entwine, (v) turn, bend, distort, curl, coil, contort, deform, curve, pervert, wrench; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist. iç 1. inner; synonyms (adj) internal, interior, central, inside, inward, mental, middle, domestic, inland, intimate; antonyms (adj) external, outer, 2. internal; synonyms (adj) inner, home, national, inherent, intrinsic, intestine, innermost, entrails, familiar, local, secret; antonym (adj) foreign, 3. inside; synonyms (adv) indoors, inwardly, within, (n) center, stomach, bosom, contents, (adj) indoor, private, privileged; antonyms (prep) outside, (n) exterior, (adj) free, 4. inland; synonyms (adj) native, inlandish, mediterraneous, 5. intrinsic; synonyms (adj) immanent, inborn, constitutional, essential, integral, intrinsical, peculiar, fundamental, instinctive, innate, natural, real; antonym (adj) extrinsic, 6. domestic; synonyms (adj) tame, civil, household, domesticated, family, indigenous, (n) homely, maid, servant, retainer, servitor; antonym (adj) wild, 7. interior; synonyms (adj) midland, upcountry, (n) core, heart, midst; antonyms (n) shore, shoreline, 8. within (içinde); synonyms

223

(prep) into, (adv) in, internally, inly, (adj) inwards;

antonym (prep) beyond. icap requirement (gereksinim); synonyms (n) need, necessity, demand, essential, obligation, prerequisite, provision, claim, clause, condition, exigency, must, necessary, proviso, want; antonym (n) option. icat 1. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance, conception, fabrication, creation, fiction, imagination, discovery, artifice, design, device, excogitation, forgery, innovation, fable, creativity, 2. innovation; synonyms (n) change, alteration, invention, mutation, novelty, variation, reform, improvement, vicissitude, conversion, feature, originality, 3. fiction (uydurma); synonyms (n) falsehood, lie, story, falsity, figment, novel, romance, sham, deceit, fib, legend, myth, narrative, tale; antonym (n) truth. içecek drink (içmek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. içeri in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at, inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch, (adj) stylish, fashionable, inwards, trendy, within, modish; antonyms (prep) out, outside. içeride within (içinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv) inside, in, indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n) interior, (adj) inwards; antonyms (prep) outside, beyond. içerik content; synonyms (n) capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness, (adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight; antonyms (adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset. içerisi inside (iç); synonyms (adv) indoors, inwardly, within, (n) interior, middle, center, stomach, bosom, contents, (adj) inner, internal, indoor, inland, inward, private; antonyms (prep) outside, (n) exterior, (adj) free. içeriye 1. in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at, inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch, (adj) stylish, fashionable, inwards, trendy, within, modish; antonyms (prep) out, outside, 2. within (içinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv) in, internally, inwardly, inly, (n) interior; antonym (prep) beyond. içerleme resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger, displeasure, indignation, rage, rancor, umbrage, envy, grievance, passion, animosity, bitterness, fury, gall, hostility; antonym (n) cheerfulness. içerme implication; synonyms (n) allusion, hint, significance, consequence, deduction, entailment, import, innuendo, meaning, sense, suggestion, purport, complicity, corollary, (adj) complication.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

224

Turkish - English

içermek 1. include (kapsamak); synonyms (v) hold, comprise, contain, embody, encompass, insert, comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve, number, add, admit, enclose, have; antonym (v) exclude, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover. içgüdü instinct; synonyms (n) intuition, impulse, aptitude, urge, gift, feeling. için for (çünkü); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence. içinde 1. within; synonyms (prep) into, (adv) inside, in, indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n) interior, (adj) inwards; antonyms (prep) outside, beyond, 2. in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at, (adv) inward, (v) press, (n) inch, (adj) stylish, fashionable, trendy, within, modish, popular; antonym (prep) out, 3. included; synonyms (adj) numbered, confined, inclosed, integrated, (adv) under, 4. inside (iç); synonyms (n) middle, center, stomach, bosom, contents, (adj) inner, internal, indoor, inland, private, privileged; antonyms (n) exterior, (adj) free. içindekiler contents; synonyms (n) substance, matter, inside, list, synopsis, volume, cargo, conspectus. içinden 1. through; synonyms (prep) for, per, along, because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough, via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed, complete, (prf) past, 2. across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonym (adj) uncrossed. içki drink (içmek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. içli sentimental (duygusal); synonyms (adj) emotional, maudlin, mushy, romantic, tender, mawkish, schmaltzy, soft, sappy, bathetic, loving, mincing, nostalgic, schmalzy, slushy. içmek drink; synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. icra execution; synonyms (n) performance, accomplishment, achievement, effect, enforcement, implementation, action, discharge, executing, doing, effectuation, administration, completion, murder, act. içsel inherent; synonyms (adj) congenital, inborn, inbred, intrinsic, essential, immanent, innate, instinctive, native, born, constitutional, fundamental, hereditary, inbuilt, internal; antonym (adj) superficial. içten true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic,

correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, (v) square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) false, bogus, inaccurate, untrue. içtenlik warmth; synonyms (n) glow, heat, temperature, fervor, geniality, passion, warmness, affection, tenderness, fire, fondness, friendliness, hotness, sympathy, (adj) verve; antonyms (n) aloofness, chill, chilliness, coldness, coolness, unfriendliness. içtenlikle 1. sincerely; synonyms (adv) simply, truly, candidly, frankly, genuinely, honestly, really, earnestly, openly, seriously, directly, faithfully, heartily, ingenuously, unreservedly; antonyms (adv) insincerely, dishonestly, 2. truly; synonyms (adv) actually, sincerely, exactly, indeed, right, certainly, precisely, very, legitimately, correctly, loyally, absolutely, truthfully, authentically, awfully; antonym (adv) falsely. içtepi impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge, drive, force, impulsion, motive, whim, goad, desire, incentive, incitement, momentum, motivation, spur. içtima assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering, meeting, collection, congregation, convention, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company, conclave, concourse, (v) assemblage. idam execution; synonyms (n) performance, accomplishment, achievement, effect, enforcement, implementation, action, discharge, executing, doing, effectuation, administration, completion, murder, act. idare 1. management (yönetim); synonyms (n) administration, conduct, guidance, command, control, direction, government, handling, leadership, charge, treatment, behavior, steerage, (v) manage, (adj) executive, 2. administration (hükümet, yönetim); synonyms (n) management, organization, running, power, execution, reign, rule, supervision, department, application, incumbency, ministry, authority, disposal, governance, 3. conduct; synonyms (n) demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer, carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, show, accompany, bear, 4. control (denetim, denetlemek, kontrol); synonyms (n) care, hold, influence, sway, ascendancy, ascendency, dominance, regulation, (v) check, curb, bridle, handle, conquer, contain, order; antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share, 5. disposition; synonyms (n) bent, attitude, character, tendency, arrangement, bias, inclination, predisposition, propensity, aptitude, array, constitution, distribution, heart, humor, 6. manipulation; synonyms (n) use, intrigue, touch, massage, 7. economy; synonyms (n) frugality, parsimony, saving, thrift, conservation, efficiency,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English husbandry, prudence, stinginess, thriftiness, brevity, cut, (adj) system, disposition; antonym (n) extravagance, 8. government (hükümet, yönetim); synonyms (n) dominion, cabinet, authorities, governing, politics, regime, establishment, regimen, adjustment, bureaucracy, dynasty, (adj) empire, public, national, 9. supervision (gözetim); synonyms (n) oversight, superintendence, custody, observation, supervising, surveillance, watch, protection, inadvertence, (v) inspection. idareci 1. administrator (yönetici); synonyms (n) executive, director, manager, boss, officer, official, supervisor, governor, principal, ruler, superintendent, 2. executive; synonyms (n) administrator, administration, commissioner, head, management, government, minister, (adj) administrative, managerial, (v) authoritative, 3. director (müdür, yönetici); synonyms (n) commander, chief, chairman, coach, controller, guide, leader, master, captain, inspector, instructor, overseer, pilot, (v) conductor, direct, 4. conductor (kondüktör); synonyms (n) chauffeur, ringleader, core, (v) guard; antonym (n) insulator, 5. manager (müdür, yönetici); synonyms (n) handler, superior, entrepreneur, owner, trainer; antonym (n) underling. idari 1. administrative; synonyms (adj) departmental, official, managerial, authoritative, (v) executive, 2. managerial; synonyms (adj) administrative, professional, clerical, governmental, office, organizational, secretarial. iddia 1. assertion; synonyms (n) affirmation, argument, statement, claim, allegation, avowal, charge, contention, profession, testimony, accusation, position, announcement, asseveration, averment, 2. bet; synonyms (v) gamble, play, lay, risk, venture, (n) wager, stake, stakes, 3. contention (çekişme); synonyms (n) competition, argumentation, battle, conflict, assertion, controversy, discord, arguing, difference, dispute, opposition, quarrel, race, enmity, affray; antonym (n) harmony, 4. claim (talep); synonyms (n) call, privilege, right, title, application, (v) demand, ask, assert, exact, arrogate, contend, need, require, requisition, want; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 5. contest; synonyms (n) bout, fight, altercation, struggle, debate, feud, game, match, action, (v) compete, combat, argue, challenge, war, clash, 6. argument (tartışma); synonyms (n) matter, proof, reason, hassle, brawl, disagreement, discussion, justification, reasoning, subject, text, topic, case, fighting, fuss; antonym (n) agreement. ideal ideal; synonyms (adj) fanciful, perfect, consummate, abstract, classic, imaginary, typical, (n) model, paragon, example, apotheosis, archetype, epitome, perfection, prototype.

225

ideoloji ideology; synonyms (n) philosophy, belief, theory, opinion, approach, attitude, creed, method, partisanship, policy, precept, principle, rule, system, values. idman 1. exercise (alıştırma); synonyms (n) practice, employment, application, discipline, play, movement, action, activity, (v) drill, apply, employ, use, exert, train, educate, 2. training (Eğitim); synonyms (n) education, instruction, breeding, preparation, teaching, exercise, nurture, schooling, experience, workout, culture, coaching, grooming, 3. practice; synonyms (n) fashion, convention, habit, form, observance, performance, process, rule, usage, work, behavior, (v) custom, act, rehearse, do. idrak 1. consciousness (bilinç); synonyms (n) awareness, feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance, mind, notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n) unconsciousness, 2. perception (algı); synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, idea, discernment, impression, insight, comprehension, acumen, image, observation, penetration, sensation, taste, understanding, intuition, 3. comprehension; synonyms (n) grasp, inclusion, intelligence, wit, capacity, familiarity, appreciation, reason, admission; antonyms (n) misunderstanding, incomprehension. idrar urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle, emiction, lanterloo, netting, peeing, pissing, weewee. ifade 1. expression (anlatım, deyim); synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, language; antonym (n) repression, 2. statement; synonyms (n) account, affirmation, announcement, communication, instruction, assertion, command, description, proposition, enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill, expression; antonym (n) denial, 3. utterance; synonyms (n) pronunciation, speech, exclamation, remark, statement, observation, speaking, tongue, comment, emission, prolation, strain, 4. declaration; synonyms (n) allegation, claim, pronouncement, acknowledgment, admission, decree, deposition, dictum, predication, proclamation, intimation, annunciation, confession, bid, contention, 5. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, attestation, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, denote, establish, 6. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. iflas 1. bankruptcy; synonyms (n) failure, insolvency, smash, ruin, indebtedness, recession, closure, depression, poverty, defalcation, default, destituteness, disaster, exhaustion, indigence, 2.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

226

Turkish - English

crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, clatter, fall, impact, slam, (v) bang, collapse, break, clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram. ifşa disclosure; synonyms (n) discovery, exposure, revelation, declaration, confession, announcement, betrayal, divulgence, manifestation, publication, admission, apocalypse, ascertainment. iftihar pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n) humility, modesty. iftira scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy, opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor. iğne 1. needle; synonyms (n) injection, pointer, awl, plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad, irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag, 2. pin; synonyms (n) needle, nail, clip, peg, axle, brooch, broach, nog, bolt, button, leg, (v) tack, clasp, fix, fasten, 3. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess. iğrenç 1. horrible (korkunç); synonyms (adj) abominable, atrocious, awful, fearful, frightful, dire, dreadful, fearsome, formidable, ghastly, grisly, appalling, cruel, dismal, (v) horrid; antonyms (adj) pleasant, wonderful, lovely, nice, 2. disgusting; synonyms (adj) detestable, disgustful, distasteful, execrable, foul, loathsome, nasty, odious, offensive, disagreeable, abhorrent, dirty, hateful, horrible, noisome; antonyms (adj) attractive, appealing, 3. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) forbidding, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, deformed, despicable, grotesque, monstrous, ominous, plain, shocking, sinister; antonyms (adj) beautiful, good-looking, flowing, ornamental, 4. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, filthy, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, pollute, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 5. offensive; synonyms (adj) disgusting, abusive, aggressive, nauseous, coarse, impertinent, insulting, objectionable, repugnant, indecent, fulsome, (n) assault, attack, offense, (v) obnoxious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, inoffensive, defensive, polite, tasteful, 6. sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased, morbid, sickly, poor, crazy, disgusted, nauseated, (v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy. iğrendirmek 1. disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n)

attraction, love, (v) delight, attract, 2. revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurrection, uprising, revolution, repulsion, commotion, (v) disgust, mutiny, rebellion, rebel, repel, offend, repulse, appall, protest, rebellious. iğrenme disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n) attraction, love, (v) delight, attract. ihale bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct, order. ihbarname notice; synonyms (n) advertisement, attention, declaration, information, mind, caution, heed, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore. ihlal breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack, crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene, fissure; antonym (n) observance. ihmal 1. omission; synonyms (n) failure, error, exclusion, fault, ellipsis, inadvertence, mistake, neglect, oversight, flaw, default, deletion, pretermission, slip, (adj) defect; antonyms (n) inclusion, adherence, 2. negligence; synonyms (n) carelessness, disregard, inattention, indifference, heedlessness, neglectfulness, inattentiveness, recklessness; antonym (n) attention, 3. neglect; synonyms (n) slight, delinquency, negligence, omission, abandonment, (v) fail, forget, ignore, overlook, drop, omit, disdain, discount, pretermit, escape; antonyms (n) development, surveillance, (v) care, complete, do, protect. ihraç export (dışsatım, ihraç etmek); synonyms (n) exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail, (v) import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship, consign, dump, freight. ihracat export (dışsatım, ihraç etmek); synonyms (n) exportation, business, buying, exchange, retail, (v) import, trade, smuggle, market, port, sell, ship, consign, dump, freight. ihtar warning (uyarı); synonyms (n) notice, advice, caution, indication, example, lesson, admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging. ihtilaf controversy; synonyms (n) contention, argumentation, argument, contest, altercation, conflict, debate, difference, dispute, squabble, row, competition, arguing, contestation, disagreement. ihtilal revolution (devrim); synonyms (n) change, gyration, insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, rotation, turn, alteration, cycle, coup, circle, circulation, (v) circuit, (adj) disturbance.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ihtimal 1. probability; synonyms (n) chance, likelihood, odds, possibility, likeliness, opportunity, expectation, eventuality, prospect, contingency, expectancy, danger, outlook, chances, verisimilitude, 2. prospect; synonyms (n) view, anticipation, aspect, hope, lookout, perspective, future, panorama, picture, probability, scene, forecast, candidate, horizon, (v) explore; antonym (n) past, 3. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune, venture, accident, break, fate, luck, random, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet, befall, happen; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan. ihtiras 1. passion (tutku); synonyms (n) fury, affection, feeling, fervor, fire, love, anger, craving, desire, enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage, fondness, (v) ardor; antonyms (n) apathy, indifference, 2. ambition (tutku); synonyms (n) aspiration, aim, ambitiousness, dream, drive, goal, hope, objective, purpose, target, wish, intention, design, eagerness, longing. ihtiraslı 1. passionate; synonyms (adj) ardent, hot, angry, animated, burning, excited, fervent, fierce, earnest, amorous, eager, enthusiastic, excitable, (adv) fiery, (v) impetuous; antonyms (adj) apathetic, indifferent, mild, passionless, 2. ambitious (tutkulu); synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult, energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive, desirous, enterprising, grandiose, pushy. ihtişam glory (şan); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast. ihtiyaç 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require, destitution, indigence, involve, (n) demand, want, desire, deficiency, must, necessity, deprivation, requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, like, hope, crave, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth, penury, privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, distress, ambition; antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 3. requirement (gereksinim); synonyms (n) essential, obligation, prerequisite, provision, clause, condition, exigency, necessary, proviso, precondition, qualification, requisite, stipulation, command, duty; antonym (n) option, 4. necessity (gereklilik); synonyms (n) compulsion, emergency, constraint, occasion, needfulness, pinch, pressure, crisis, essentiality, fate, foredoom, (v) use, manner, 5. deprivation; synonyms (n) bereavement, cost, loss, damage, scarcity, disadvantage, hardship, neediness, starvation. ihtiyar 1. old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly, experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit, hoary, mature, past; antonyms (adj) new, young, modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful, 2.

227

aged; synonyms (adj) old, senile, older, ripe, senior, venerable. ihtiyat 1. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection, counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 2. reserve (ayırmak); synonyms (n) backup, modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness, informality, warmth, 3. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra. ihtiyatlı 1. discreet; synonyms (adj) circumspect, prudent, careful, cautious, chary, discerning, tactful, wise, diplomatic, considerate, judicious, modest, politic, sensible, thoughtful; antonyms (adj) conspicuous, elaborate, tactless, careless, indiscreet, 2. cautious; synonyms (adj) conservative, guarded, watchful, attentive, cagey, discreet, provident, reserved, shy, wary, moderate, canny, sly, alert, deliberate; antonyms (adj) rash, reckless, impetuous, impulsive, open, incautious, irresponsible, wasteful, 3. wary; synonyms (adj) vigilant, suspicious, leery, distrustful, wakeful, heedful, mistrustful, safe, mindful, scrupulous, aware, cunning, frugal, (v) calculating, crafty; antonyms (adj) unwary, trusting. ikame substitution; synonyms (n) replacement, exchange, change, substitute, interchange, shift, permutation, switch, replacing, swap, transposition. ikamet stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. ikaz warning (ihtar, uyarı); synonyms (n) notice, advice, caution, indication, example, lesson, admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging. iki two; synonyms (n) deuce, pair, binary, demon, devil, duality, (adj) tway. ikil bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling. ikilem dilemma; synonyms (n) quandary, corner, fix, jam, mess, predicament, problem, crisis, difficulty, plight, doubt, scrape, riddle, (adj) embarrassment, perplexity. ikili 1. dual (çift); synonyms (adj) double, duplex, duple, twin, twofold, doubled, bivalent, combined, threefold, treble, bifold, binal, common, cooperative, double-dip; antonyms (adj) individual,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

228

Turkish - English

single, 2. double (çift, çifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, copy, crease, crinkle, (n) image, match, mate, substitute, alternate. ikinci 1. second (saniye); synonyms (n) instant, moment, flash, jiffy, minute, sec, (v) back, endorse, support, encourage, forward, help, (adj) latter, further, (pron) additional; antonym (adj) first, 2. secondary (ikincil); synonyms (adj) inferior, lower, minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative, incidental, auxiliary, indirect, junior, second, less, petty, deficient, (n) proxy; antonyms (adj) basic, main, central, chief, direct, fundamental, major, primary. ikincil 1. secondary; synonyms (adj) inferior, lower, minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative, incidental, auxiliary, indirect, junior, second, less, petty, deficient, (n) proxy; antonyms (adj) basic, main, central, chief, direct, fundamental, major, primary, 2. minor (küçük, önemsiz); synonyms (adj) little, insignificant, lesser, small, inconsequential, marginal, negligible, secondary, slight, trivial, unimportant, humble, (n) child, juvenile, youngster; antonyms (adj) important, significant, leading, overriding, superseding, serious, considerable, extensive, greater, senior. ikincisi latter; synonyms (adj) ultimate, last, later, terminal, final, following, posterior, recent, past, eventual, concluding, last-mentioned; antonym (n) former. ikiyüzlü double (çift, çifte); synonyms (adj) duplicate, dual, duple, twofold, (v) fold, reduplicate, bend, geminate, plait, (n) twin, image, match, mate, substitute, alternate; antonym (n) single. ikiz twin; synonyms (adj) dual, matching, identical, similar, (n) match, counterpart, mate, pair, fellow, parallel, (v) double, duplicate, equal, couple, geminate. iklim climate; synonyms (n) atmosphere, clime, ambience, latitude, environment, milieu, mood, weather. ikmal supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give. ikna persuasion; synonyms (n) belief, opinion, faith, inducement, creed, exhortation, idea, enticement, sentiment, suasion, view, mind, notion, judgment, (adj) conviction; antonyms (n) force, pressure. ikram treat; synonyms (v) handle, deal, manage, process, heal, nurse, regale, operate, doctor, (n) feast, administer, delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet. ikramiye 1. bonus; synonyms (n) award, compensation, premium, dividend, gift, gratuity, perk, prize, reward, addition, benefit, payment, perquisite, incentive, (adj) extra; antonym (n)

disadvantage, 2. premium (prim); synonyms (n) bonus, agio, bounty, price, agiotage, (adj) superior; antonym (adj) inferior, 3. prize; synonyms (n) plunder, treasure, booty, loot, trophy, honour, (v) appreciate, esteem, cherish, honor, value, admire, pry, evaluate, (adj) choice. ikrar confession; synonyms (n) avowal, admission, acknowledgment, recognition, concession, divulgence, disclosure, penance, profession, apology; antonym (n) denial. iktibas quotation; synonyms (n) citation, extract, mention, excerpt, passage, reference, quote, example, price, figure, instance, allusion, credit. iktidar 1. power (güç); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, agency, domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 2. ability (yetenek); synonyms (n) hand, aptitude, cleverness, dexterity, power, talent, accomplishment, bent, capability, competency, expertise, flair, genius, gift, knowledge; antonyms (n) inability, injury, 3. capability (yetenek); synonyms (n) capableness, competence, potential, qualification, aptness, efficiency, endowment, potentiality, proficiency, skill, susceptibility, adequacy; antonyms (n) failure, incapability. iktisadi economic; synonyms (adj) commercial, financial, profitable, efficient, economical, fiscal, industrial, mercantile, pecuniary, trade, monetary, bread-and-butter, budgetary, helpful, material. iktisatçı economist; synonyms (n) cultivator, husband, husbandman, tiller. il province; synonyms (n) country, district, field, county, land, domain, region, colony, duty, area, function, line, sphere, territory, (v) department. ilaç 1. remedy; synonyms (n) cure, redress, medicine, drug, relief, antidote, curative, (v) heal, help, amend, rectify, correct, relieve, aid, doctor, 2. drug; synonyms (n) anesthetic, medication, prescription, remedy, sedative, stimulant, (v) dose, medicate, potion, (adj) chaff, 3. medicine (tıp); synonyms (n) medicament, physic, therapy, treatment, cathartic, preparation, 4. cure; synonyms (n) salve, curing, healing, restorative, solution, vulcanization, abbe, advowson, (v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore, keep, mend, recover. ilan 1. advertisement (reklam); synonyms (n) announcement, declaration, ad, advert, advertising, bill, circular, notice, publication, advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster, 2. announcement (duyuru); synonyms (n) annunciation, advertisement, communication, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, release, report, statement, intimation, assertion, avowal, bulletin, commercial, disclosure, 3. notice; synonyms (n) attention, information, mind, caution, heed,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English message, observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore, 4. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, card, invoice, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, program, reckoning, score, (v) advertise, charge, list. ilave 1. addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession, accessory, addendum, extension, increase, accretion, afterthought, annex, appendage, attachment, augmentation, complement, extra, gain, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal, estimation, 2. additional; synonyms (adj) added, supplementary, ancillary, another, further, more, second, spare, increased, adscititious, adventitious, auxiliary, complementary, else, (pron) other; antonyms (adj) less, main, 3. supplement; synonyms (n) accompaniment, addition, adjunct, appendix, increment, continuation, appurtenance, postscript, counterpart, codicil, (v) add, append, affix, augment, accompany; antonym (v) diminish, 4. appendix (ek); synonym (v) supplement, 5. extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, redundant, exceptional, unneeded, unused, (adv) especially, above, besides, (n) excess, plus, supernumerary, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, (n) lack. ilaveten extra; synonyms (adj) additional, over, odd, auxiliary, (adv) more, especially, (n) supplement, accessory, excess, plus, supernumerary, addendum, addition, duplicate, (v) additive; antonyms (adj) basic, less, (n) lack. ilçe district (bölge); synonyms (n) area, quarter, region, community, neighborhood, territory, circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, province, section, domain, (adj) local, (v) zone. ile 1. with; synonyms (prep) by, for, alongside, among, plus, (adv) on, beside, (adj) including, (n) withe, 2. and (ve); synonyms (conj) with, (adv) also, additionally, (adj) more, 3. by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) at, of, about, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, via, (adj) over. ileri 1. advanced (gelişmiş); synonyms (adj) sophisticated, progressive, senior, higher, modern, new, precocious, late, cultured, developed, elevated, forward, liberal, ripe, superior; antonyms (adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior, 2. forward (göndermek); synonyms (adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance, expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior, 3. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 4. onwards; synonyms (adv) forwards, forrader, forth, before, frontward,

229

frontwards, beforehand, forrad, forrard, (adj) beyond, elapsed, forgotten, gone, 5. ahead; synonyms (adv) formerly, previously, on, onwards, winning, (adj) front, (n) lead; antonym (adv) behind. ilerici progressive; synonyms (adj) advanced, forward, gradual, active, radical, consecutive, modern, revolutionary, positive, alphabetical, avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n) liberal, imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned, traditional, (n) conservative. ileride ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand, formerly, forward, onward, previously, beyond, fore, forth, forwards, on, onwards, winning, (adj) front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late. ileriye forward (göndermek, ileri); synonyms (adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance, expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior.

ilerleme 1. advance (avans, ilerlemek, ilerletmek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress, 2. advancement (terfi); synonyms (n) advance, promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth, cultivation, development, elevation, progression, profit, betterment, exaltation, gain, headway, movement, 3. progress; synonyms (n) course, advancement, increase, passage, process, evolution, (v) continue, go, move, grow, improve, pass, prosper, way, thrive; antonym (n) decline, 4. improvement; synonyms (n) amelioration, correction, amendment, repair, adjustment, enhancement, revision, melioration, upturn, benefit, emendation, innovation, mending, modification, recuperation; antonym (n) downgrade, 5. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n) earnings, acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss.

ilerlemek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerletmek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress, 2. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. progress; synonyms (n) headway, furtherance, betterment, gain, course, advancement, development, growth, increase, movement, (v) advance, continue, move, grow, improve; antonym (n) decline, 4. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

230

Turkish - English

attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, make, reach, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 5. proceed; synonyms (v) pass, originate, ensue, run, extend, arise, emanate, happen, issue, operate, result, stem, elapse, fare, do. ilerlemiş advanced (gelişmiş, ileri); synonyms (adj) sophisticated, progressive, senior, higher, modern, new, precocious, late, cultured, developed, elevated, forward, liberal, ripe, superior; antonyms (adj) conservative, old-fashioned, inferior.

ilerletmek 1. advance (avans, ilerleme, ilerlemek); synonyms (n) progress, improvement, (v) further, proceed, promote, approach, encourage, raise, rise, boost, contribute, cultivate, develop, forward, (phr) accelerate; antonyms (n) deterioration, (v) retreat, recede, delay, demote, regress, 2. improve; synonyms (v) advance, heal, emend, help, ameliorate, amend, correct, reform, gain, educate, better, enhance, mend, perfect, restore; antonyms (v) worsen, deteriorate, spoil. ilerleyen progressive (ilerici); synonyms (adj) advanced, forward, gradual, active, radical, consecutive, modern, revolutionary, positive, alphabetical, avant-garde, broad, broad-minded, (n) liberal, imperfect; antonyms (adj) old-fashioned, traditional, (n) conservative. ileti message (mesaj); synonyms (n) communication, meaning, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, lesson, note, significance, statement, word, direction, memorandum, advice. iletim transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting. iletişim communication; synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, epistle, intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report, tidings, word. iletken conductor (kondüktör); synonyms (n) leader, chief, director, chauffeur, commander, manager, pilot, ringleader, core, (v) guard, guide; antonym (n) insulator. iletme transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting. iletmek 1. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, administration, manage, demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer, carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, 2. forward (göndermek, ileri); synonyms (adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance,

expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior. ilgi 1. reference (referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer, 2. interest (faiz); synonyms (n) advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal, affect, (adj) claim; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore, 3. relation (ilişki); synonyms (n) narration, recital, affinity, association, description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bond, narrative, reference, relationship, relative, (v) report, rapport, 4. involvement; synonyms (n) entanglement, interest, implication, inclusion, engagement, complicity, part, participation, affaire, amour, intimacy; antonym (n) disconnection, 5. attention (dikkat); synonyms (n) mind, aid, alertness, consideration, heed, notice, attentiveness, caution, concentration, deliberation, diligence, ear, nursing, observation, precision; antonyms (n) inattention, neglect, 6. affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, kindred, propinquity, relation, semblance, penchant, agreement, attachment, conformity, consanguinity, inclination, kinship, likeness, 7. care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, burden, fear, guard, (v) anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) disregard, 8. bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim, behavior, comportment, 9. concern; synonyms (n) business, matter, company, disquiet, firm, thought, uneasiness, (v) trouble, import, involve, pertain, relate, touch, apply, deal; antonym (v) unconcern, 10. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, appendage, devotion, fitting, fondness, liking, link, love, tie, annex, addendum, fastener; antonym (n) detachment. ilgilendirmek 1. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect, care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 2. interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, advantage, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, benefit, appeal, fascinate, occupy, (adj) claim; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore. ilgilenme attendance; synonyms (n) presence, attending, audience, turnout, hearing, tendance, attendancy, bodyguard, crowd, gallery, tendment,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English assemblage, assembly, congregation, draw; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance. ilgilenmek deal (anlaşma); synonyms (n) bargain, buy, agreement, arrangement, covenant, trade, (v) administer, allot, apportion, conduct, contract, cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n) purchase. ilgili 1. concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious, careful, interested, involved, thoughtful, apprehensive, considerate, nervous, solicitous, worried, affected, attentive, caring, fearful, troubled; antonyms (adj) unconcerned, uncaring, unfeeling, 2. involved; synonyms (adj) complex, intricate, complicated, convoluted, tortuous, confused, difficult, elaborate, engaged, entangled, knotty, obscure, tangled, knotted, implied; antonyms (adj) simple, aloof, detached, straightforward, 3. interested; synonyms (adj) concerned, curious, inquiring, inquisitive, keen; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested, 4. connected; synonyms (v) related, (adj) associated, affiliated, allied, attached, linked, committed; antonyms (adj) unconnected, unrelated, separate, 5. related; synonyms (adj) germane, kindred, cognate, relevant, similar, akin, collateral, connected, consanguineous, pertinent, like, near, analogous, appropriate, attendant. ilginç interesting; synonyms (adj) entertaining, absorbing, amusing, attractive, charming, engaging, exciting, fascinating, readable, diverting, appealing, engrossing, gripping, captivating, provocative; antonyms (adj) uninteresting, boring, dull. ilgisiz 1. indifferent (kayıtsız); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised, 2. careless; synonyms (adj) inconsiderate, cursory, forgetful, haphazard, inattentive, insouciant, reckless, hasty, imprudent, inadvertent, incautious, lax, listless, (v) heedless, (adv) thoughtless; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious, prudent, attentive, diligent, meticulous, thorough, thoughtful, guarded, methodical, strict, wary, 3. irrelevant; synonyms (adj) inappropriate, extraneous, inapplicable, insignificant, impertinent, inapposite, inconsequential, trivial, unimportant, unrelated, unsuitable, petty, minor, pointless, trifling; antonyms (adj) relevant, admissible. ilgisizlik indifference; synonyms (n) apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion, favorite, sympathy.

231

ilham inspiration; synonyms (n) afflatus, infusion, breath, encouragement, idea, incentive, inhalation, revelation, genius, notion, aspiration, enthusiasm, impulse, (v) illumination, impression. ilim 1. learning; synonyms (n) erudition, acquisition, education, enlightenment, culture, scholarship, wisdom, acquirement, edification, letter, literature, lore, reading, (v) knowledge, instruction, 2. science (bilim); synonyms (n) learning, skill, (adj) art. ilinti correlation; synonyms (n) association, connection, relationship, bond, correspondence, correlativity, interrelation, link, comparison, equivalence, similarity, (adj) mutuality. ilişki 1. relation; synonyms (n) connection, account, narration, recital, affinity, association, description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond, narrative, reference, (v) report, 2. affair (iş, mesele); synonyms (n) matter, business, concern, event, job, occasion, occurrence, amour, duty, happening, incident, issue, party, subject, theme, 3. bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, joint, link, adhesion, chain, (v) bind, band, adhere, attach, 4. connection (bağ, bağlantı); synonyms (n) communication, concatenation, affiliation, conjunction, knot, combination, coherence, coupling, intercourse, acquaintance, connectedness, connecter, connective, contact, fitting; antonym (n) disconnection, 5. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, collision, impact, tangency, interaction, juxtaposition, access, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, abut, 6. relationship; synonyms (n) relation, ratio, consanguinity, correlation, friendship, kindred, kinship, proportion, rapport, brotherhood, affair, dependency, relations, union, descent. ilişkin corresponding; synonyms (adj) congruent, comparable, equal, same, similar, commensurate, consonant, alike, analogous, correspondent, equivalent, like, matching, parallel, complementary; antonym (adj) different. ilk 1. initial; synonyms (adj) beginning, first, elementary, incipient, foremost, preliminary, primary, rudimentary, commencing, early, introductory, leading, opening, original, (v) sign, 2. first (birinci); synonyms (adv) before, rather, (adj) best, chief, primitive, former, forward, head, initial, maiden, premier, principal, top, front, (n) commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, (n) end, 3. preliminary; synonyms (adj) prefatory, inaugural, preparatory, proemial, (n) prelude, preface, prelim, introduction, overture, 4. elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) basic, fundamental, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential, artless, straightforward, underlying, 5. early (erken); synonyms (adj) prompt, young,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

232

Turkish - English

quick, embryonic, matutinal, old, past, precocious, premature, prime, primeval, primordial, (adv) betimes, soon, earlier; antonyms (adj) delayed, lastminute, slow, (adv) late, 6. prime; synonyms (adj) main, paramount, excellent, exquisite, overriding, grand, capital, central, (n) cardinal, flower, bloom, blossom, cream, (v) ground, coach; antonym (adj) minor. ilkbahar spring (bahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. ilke principle; synonyms (n) origin, fundamental, method, rule, cause, doctrine, ground, basis, dogma, element, essence, law, precept, reason, tenet. ilkel 1. primitive; synonyms (adj) primeval, primary, antediluvian, archaic, crude, early, first, original, aboriginal, ancient, antiquated, basic, primal, primordial, radical; antonym (adj) modern, 2. elementary (temel); synonyms (adj) fundamental, primitive, simple, basal, easy, elemental, essential, introductory, rudimentary, preliminary, artless, initial, straightforward, underlying. illegal illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden, prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful; antonyms (adj) legal, lawful, honest, legitimate, official. ilmek loop (döngü); synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight, circuit, eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve, bend, circle, curl, entwine, knot. ilmi scientific (bilimsel); synonyms (adj) technical, mathematical, exact, punctual, accurate, artistic, objective, shipshape, learned, precise, scientifical, analytical, clinical, detached, disinterested; antonym (adj) theoretical. ilmik 1. loop (döngü); synonyms (n) coil, ring, bight, circuit, eyelet, eye, kink, noose, round, (v) curve, bend, circle, curl, entwine, knot, 2. stitch; synonyms (n) twinge, pang, cramp, (v) sew, seam, baste, crick, embroider, suture, tack, articulation, commissure, gore, gusset, (adj) tie; antonym (v) unpick. iltica asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary, shelter, haven, home, institution, madhouse, retreat, cover, harbor, protection.

iltihaplanmak matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count. iltimas 1. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. favour; synonyms (v) favor, choose, prefer, privilege. im 1. sign (alamet, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem,

imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. mark; synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed, impression, sign, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. signal (işaret); synonyms (n) flag, alarm, salient, note, (v) alert, betoken, foreshadow, guide, beckon, (adj) conspicuous, memorable, notable, prominent, remarkable, outstanding. ima 1. hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) clue, intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling, implication, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 2. implication; synonyms (n) hint, significance, consequence, deduction, entailment, import, innuendo, meaning, sense, purport, complicity, corollary, effect, indication, (adj) complication, 3. suggestion (öneri); synonyms (n) advice, proposal, counsel, proposition, recommendation, sign, insinuation, offer, plan, prompting, motion, overture, advance, guidance, pointer, 4. reference (ilgi, referans); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, bearing, connection, annotation, character, concern, consultation, denotation, (v) cite, refer, note, regard. imaj image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v) depict, envision. imal 1. production (üretim); synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition, 2. manufacture; synonyms (n) construction, production, industry, assembly, (v) construct, make, frame, fabricate, build, contrive, invent, form, forge, concoct, create. imalat manufacture; synonyms (n) construction, fabrication, formation, production, creation, (v) construct, make, frame, fabricate, produce, build, contrive, invent, form, forge. imalathane 1. factory (fabrika); synonyms (n) manufactory, mill, plant, business, shop, works, 2. mill; synonyms (n) grind, factory, grinder, machine, engine, gin, notch, implement, instrument, lathe, (v) crush, pulverize, spar, (adj) cent. iman 1. faith (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2. religion (din); synonyms (n) faith, denomination, sect, church, devotion, holiness, persuasion, 3. belief (inanç); synonyms (n) assumption, doctrine, feeling, idea, impression, opinion, supposition, thought, view, dogma, guess, hypothesis, judgment, notion, (v) mind; antonym (n) disbelief.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English imbik still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy. imdat help (yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment. imge image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v) depict, envision. imgelem imagination (hayal gücü); synonyms (n) fantasy, fancy, vision, dream, conceit, imagery, invention, originality, caprice, conception, idea, imaginativeness, inventiveness, notion, reflection; antonym (n) reality. imha destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse, ruin, abolition, damage, demolition, desolation, devastation, downfall, end, bane, depredation, disaster, (v) defeat, doom; antonyms (n) construction, creation, preservation, protection, conservation, formation, reparation. imitasyon imitation (taklit); synonyms (n) counterfeit, dummy, sham, copy, forgery, mockery, duplicate, mock, (adj) fake, bogus, false, artificial, ersatz, phony, (v) parody; antonyms (n) original, (adj) genuine, real. imla spelling (yazım); synonym (n) orthography. imlemek 1. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 2. indicate (göstermek); synonyms (v) denote, direct, augur, betoken, designate, imply, mark, show, foretell, foreshadow, argue, bespeak, bode, demonstrate, evince. imleyici marker; synonyms (n) brand, mark, label, token, pointer, sign, signpost, tag, buoy, pen, ticket. imparator emperor; synonyms (n) sovereign, monarch, ruler, imperator, king, judge, majesty, potentate, president, protector, stadholder, crown, commander, queen. imparatorluk empire; synonyms (n) dominion, kingdom, rule, domain, realm, reign, authority, nation, control, sway, command, government, monarchy, principality, state. imtiyaz 1. concession (ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent, 2. franchise; synonyms (n) exemption, liberty, freedom, immunity, privilege, suffrage, vote, absolution, dispensation, patent, permit, release, dealership, excuse, exoneration, 3. privilege (ayrıcalık); synonyms (n) prerogative,

233

franchise, concession, claim, due, perquisite, right, empower, exception, indulgence, power, entitlement, perk, (v) favor, favour. imza signature; synonyms (n) autograph, mark, endorsement, earmark, ratification, stamp, acceptance, completion, imprint, indorsement, scale, seal, serif, shank, (v) sign. imzalamak sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate. imzasız anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj) nameless, unknown, unnamed, unidentified, authorless, unacknowledged, undisclosed, unspecified, incognito, unfamiliar, hidden, indefinite, mysterious, nondescript, private; antonym (adj) known. in hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack, den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave, corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap. inanç 1. belief; synonyms (n) faith, assumption, confidence, doctrine, feeling, idea, impression, opinion, supposition, thought, trust, view, conviction, credence, credit; antonyms (n) disbelief, unbelief, 2. faith (güven); synonyms (n) belief, assurance, creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety, reliance, religion, church, denomination, constancy, 3. persuasion (ikna); synonyms (n) inducement, exhortation, enticement, sentiment, suasion, mind, notion, judgment, attraction, incentive; antonyms (n) force, pressure, 4. conviction; synonyms (n) certainty, condemnation, persuasion, firmness, determination, security, sentence; antonym (n) uncertainty, 5. creed; synonyms (n) gospel, credo, credenda. inandırıcı persuasive; synonyms (adj) convincing, forcible, cogent, eloquent, forceful, compelling, strong, suasive, effective, influential, potent, attractive, fluent, hortatory, impressive; antonyms (adj) unconvincing, weak, halfhearted. inandırma persuasion (ikna); synonyms (n) belief, opinion, faith, inducement, creed, exhortation, idea, enticement, sentiment, suasion, view, mind, notion, judgment, (adj) conviction; antonyms (n) force, pressure. inandırmak 1. persuade; synonyms (v) convince, inveigle, allure, assure, cajole, coax, entice, induce, influence, argue, exhort, lure, incite, get, tempt; antonyms (v) discourage, dissuade, 2. assure (temin etmek); synonyms (v) guarantee, certify, secure, affirm, ascertain, ensure, persuade, promise, reassure, satisfy, vouch, confirm, cover, insure, (n) warrant, 3. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, sate, satiate, appease, answer, assuage, delight,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

234

Turkish - English

execute, fulfill, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify. inanılmaz incredible; synonyms (adj) astonishing, improbable, inconceivable, extraordinary, fabulous, implausible, marvelous, unbelievable, fantastic, preposterous, unlikely, wonderful, absurd, amazing, bizarre; antonym (adj) ordinary. inanmak 1. believe; synonyms (v) think, accredit, assume, conceive, consider, guess, reckon, understand, accept, expect, hope, imagine, suppose, (n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve, distrust, 2. buy (almak, satın almak); synonyms (v) acquire, bribe, take, shop, believe, get, admit, attain, corrupt, hold, obtain, (n) bargain, purchase, acquisition, deal; antonym (v) sell, 3. trust; synonyms (n) charge, confidence, credit, faith, reliance, rely, assurance, cartel, responsibility, dependence, care, office, combine, (v) confide, commend; antonyms (v) doubt, mistrust. inatçı 1. persistent; synonyms (adj) durable, constant, continual, insistent, lasting, obstinate, permanent, continuous, chronic, consistent, dogged, firm, incessant, perpetual, relentless; antonyms (adj) contained, occasional, 2. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate, fastidious, hard, knotty, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex; antonyms (adj) easy, simple, straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear. inç inch; synonyms (n) in, (v) edge, crawl, creep, ease. ince 1. thin; synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken, 2. fine (güzel, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, (n) penalty, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) poor, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, 3. nice; synonyms (adj) beautiful, fastidious, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable, delicious, correct, decent, difficult, enjoyable, exact, particular, precise; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, horrible, 4. slender; synonyms (adj) narrow, little, lithe, faint, feeble, lissom, scanty, skinny, exiguous, minute, graceful, lissome, remote, (v) lank, scant; antonym (adj) stocky, 5. subtle; synonyms (adj) sharp, astute, elusive, exquisite, insidious, sly, discerning, cunning, ingenious, refined, ethereal, (v) shrewd, crafty, sagacious, dexterous; antonyms (adj) obvious, loud, 6. delicate; synonyms (adj) accurate, breakable, fragile, tender, brittle, frail, sensitive, soft, infirm, careful, gentle, mellow, polite, sickly, ticklish; antonyms (adj) strong, inelegant, robust, sturdy, tough, 7. fragile; synonyms (adj) weak, frangible, insubstantial,

shaky, puny, brash, short; antonyms (adj) unbreakable, permanent, 8. slim (zayıflamak); synonyms (adj) small, spare, taper, trim, trivial, outside, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut, wily, diet; antonym (adj) hefty, 9. slight; synonyms (adj) petty, easy, paltry, shallow, few, (n) scorn, disdain, rebuff, contempt, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, offend; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, intense, severe, thickset. inceleme 1. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation, learning, (v) consider, examine, review, learn, research, check, analyze, contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate, 2. investigation (araştırma); synonyms (n) examination, analysis, inquest, inquiry, inspection, scrutiny, search, exploration, investigating, study, trial, audit, interrogation, hunt, experiment, 3. observation (gözlem); synonyms (n) comment, observance, remark, attention, notice, contemplation, conception, perception, reflection, idea, notion, insight, commentary, (v) note, heed, 4. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) exam, test, testing, appraisal, evaluation, interview, observation, quiz, challenge, discussion, consultation, dissection, assay, (adj) examen, (v) visit.

incelemek 1. research (araştırma, araştırmak); synonyms (n) exploration, inquiry, search, examination, investigation, hunt, inquisition, probe, quest, (v) check, explore, examine, investigate, study, experiment, 2. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, learning, meditation, (v) consider, review, learn, research, analyze, contemplate, inquire, meditate, ponder, scan, scrutinize, 3. examine; synonyms (v) assay, audit, overhaul, try, control, ascertain, ask, compare, canvass, essay, quiz, test, view, appraise, collate, 4. analyse (analiz etmek); synonyms (v) dissect, psychoanalyse, psychoanalyze, canvas, collapse, crumble, crumple, crush, die, fail, go, poll, read, snap, (n) analyser, 5. investigate (araştırmak); synonyms (v) inspect, enquire, interrogate, delve, dig, question, reconnoiter, seek, sound, 6. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 7. view

(bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, notion, position, (v) regard, observe, see, eye. incelik 1. courtesy (nezaket); synonyms (n) civility, propriety, chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry, politeness, attention, breeding, etiquette, affability, consideration, courteousness, graciousness, (adj) complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy, 2. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. incelmek 1. slim (zayıflamak); synonyms (adj) slender, narrow, slight, thin, lean, remote, fine, skinny, flimsy, lithe, meager, light, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, hefty, plump, stocky, wide, 2. thin (ince); synonyms (adj) gaunt, tenuous, emaciated, rare, slim, sparse, bony, delicate, feeble, gossamer, (v) dilute, sheer, subtle, scanty, adulterate; antonyms (adj) thick, concentrated, chubby, broad, (v) thicken. inceltmek thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken. incir fig; synonyms (n) figure, anatomy, bod, build, chassis, design, digit, foutra, flesh, image, name, number, (adj) pin, straw, rush. incitmek 1. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt, detriment, bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice, (v) damage, abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 2. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 3. hurt; synonyms (v) pain, afflict, ail, cost, anguish, cut, grieve, offend, sting, (adj) upset, (n) harm, ache, distress, lesion, agony; antonyms (v) encourage, (adj) uninjured, unhurt, 4. wound; synonyms (n) scratch, sore, lacerate, abrasion, graze, laceration, (v) stab, insult, affront, contuse, pierce, slash, break, torture, pique. indeks index (dizin); synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indication, indicator, indices, mark, (v) list. indikatör indicator (gösterge); synonyms (n) gauge, index, indication, arrow, indicant, pointer, signpost, sign, signal, symbol. indirgeme reduction; synonyms (n) contraction, decrease, decrement, diminution, rebate, cut, cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, drop, lessening, reducing, deduction, degradation; antonyms (n) increase, growth, intensification, strengthening, expansion, extension, restoration, rise. indirim 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 2. discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce, disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject, 3. reduction;

235

synonyms (n) contraction, decrement, diminution, cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, lessening, reducing, degradation, conversion, abatement, abridgement, concession, curtailment; antonyms (n) growth, intensification, strengthening, expansion, restoration, rise. indirmek 1. lower; synonyms (adj) debase, inferior, (v) degrade, diminish, frown, humble, dip, abase, cut, descend, drop, scowl, disgrace, decrease, (n) depress; antonyms (v) increase, raise, 2. reduce; synonyms (v) lower, pare, abbreviate, curtail, abate, condense, contract, shorten, concentrate, compress, conquer, detract, dilute, (adj) abridge, lessen; antonyms (v) bolster, expand, enlarge, exacerbate, intensify. inek cow; synonyms (v) bully, intimidate, awe, browbeat, daunt, terrorize, discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash. infilak explosion (patlama); synonyms (n) burst, blast, boom, detonation, eruption, bang, fulmination, outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge, salvo, firing, (adj) paroxysm, blow. iniş 1. descent; synonyms (n) ancestry, decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement, 2. landing; synonyms (n) land, dock, touchdown, floor, platform, arrival, brow, approach, coming, dais, decking, harbor, model, plan, plat, 3. drop; synonyms (v) decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, shed, sink, (n) collapse; antonyms (v) rise, increase, lift, (n) growth. inme 1. stroke (vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 2. descent (iniş); synonyms (n) ancestry, decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement. inmek 1. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. inşa construction; synonyms (n) building, fabrication, formation, structure, assembly, fabric, frame, organization, production, arrangement, constitution, creation, edifice, make, making; antonym (n) destruction.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

236

Turkish - English

inşaat 1. construction; synonyms (n) building,

intibak adaptation (uyarlama); synonyms (n)

fabrication, formation, structure, assembly, fabric, frame, organization, production, arrangement, constitution, creation, edifice, make, making; antonym (n) destruction, 2. building (bina); synonyms (n) architecture, establishment, construction, house, mansion, (v) pile, (adj) augmentative, augmenting. inşaatçı builder; synonyms (n) architect, constructor, founder, artificer, creator, developer, maker, manufacturer, artist, engineer. insaf mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity, forgiveness, grace, humanity, leniency, pardon, benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter; antonym (n) blame. insafsız ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless, pitiless, inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless, ferocious, brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable, relentless, unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms (adj) merciful, charitable, kind, gentle. insafsızlık injustice (adaletsizlik); synonyms (n) inequity, iniquity, evil, unfairness, wrong, bigotry, crime, grievance, inequality, oppression, prejudice, wickedness, (adj) injury, harm, damage; antonyms (n) justice, evenhandedness, fairness. inşallah hopefully; synonyms (adv) auspiciously, favorably, positively, anxiously, brightly, cheerfully, confidently, eagerly, encouragingly, excitedly, keenly, nicely, sanguinely, well; antonyms (adv) hopelessly, wearily. insan 1. man (adam, erkek); synonyms (n) fellow, gentleman, guy, person, husband, homo, human, humanity, humankind, humans, individual, mankind, mortal, (obj) he, male; antonym (n) woman, 2. humanity; synonyms (n) benevolence, compassion, flesh, kindness, gentleness, man, mercy, mortality, sympathy, world, civilization, (adj) clemency, charity, benignity, goodness; antonym (n) cruelty, 3. human; synonyms (adj) humane, corporeal, earthly, worldly, carnal, (n) gay, party, body, life, being, someone, soul, homosexual, (adv) fleshly. insani human; synonyms (adj) humane, corporeal, earthly, worldly, (n) mortal, man, person, homo, gay, party, body, life, being, individual, (adv) fleshly. insanlar people (halk); synonyms (n) nation, community, family, folk, multitude, populace, clan, mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell. insanlık 1. humanity; synonyms (n) benevolence, compassion, flesh, kindness, mankind, human, gentleness, humankind, man, mercy, mortality, sympathy, (adj) clemency, charity, benignity; antonym (n) cruelty, 2. mankind; synonyms (n) humanity, world, humans, people.

accommodation, adjustment, alteration, version, reworking, adaption, conversion, fitness, modification, variation. intikal transition (geçiş); synonyms (n) change, passage, transit, alteration, changeover, conversion, modulation. intikam revenge; synonyms (n) reprisal, retaliation, retribution, vengeance, grudge, payback, punishment, revengement, (v) avenge, retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate, punish. inziva retirement; synonyms (n) retreat, resignation, departure, privacy, seclusion, secrecy, withdrawal, recession, solitude, cancellation. ip 1. string (dizi, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2. rope; synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat, noose, hawser, leash, string, tape, lace, tether, wire, gibbet, gallows, margin, (v) bind, 3. cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, bond, rope, whipcord, yarn, fiber, corduroy, twist, cotton, (v) knot, 4. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, crease, stock, trace, way, (v) order, wrinkle. ipek silk; synonyms (adj) silky, down, velure, velvet. ipekli silk (ipek); synonyms (adj) silky, down, velure, velvet. iplik 1. yarn; synonyms (n) narrative, story, tale, thread, anecdote, narration, twine, string, fable, fiction, history, relation, legend, line, strand, 2. thread; synonyms (n) yarn, rope, wire, cord, fiber, plot, (v) file, range, penetrate, lace, pass, run, meander, permeate, (adj) rank, 3. strand; synonyms (n) coast, shore, chain, filament, bank, wisp, fibril, scar, (v) beach, maroon, desert, abandon. ipotek mortgage; synonyms (n) gage, plight, warranty, credit, loan, (v) bond, pawn, pledge, impawn. iptal 1. abolition; synonyms (n) abolishment, annulment, destruction, ending, annihilation, cancellation, eradication, repeal; antonym (n) reinstatement, 2. withdrawal; synonyms (n) removal, retirement, retreat, secession, departure, defection, desertion, recession, backdown, retraction, recall, exit, exodus, extraction, (v) subtraction. ipucu 1. hint; synonyms (n) clue, intimation, suggestion, trace, allusion, cue, inkling, implication, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 2. clue; synonyms (n) clew, hint, sign, signal, guide, token, evidence, indication, key, pointer, information. irade 1. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish, leave, (n) volition, command, desire,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, 2. freedom (özgürlük); synonyms (n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease, liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, dependence, restraint, suppression. iri 1. big (büyük); synonyms (adj) ample, major, heavy, important, significant, thick, sturdy, generous, adult, bad, burly, considerable, great, hefty, (adv) large; antonyms (adj) little, puny, (adv) small, (syn) tiny, 2. large (büyük, geniş); synonyms (adj) big, extensive, broad, bulky, handsome, high, abundant, capacious, gross, huge, roomy, stout, fat, bountiful, colossal; antonyms (adj) cramped, insignificant. irin matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count. iris iris; synonyms (n) diaphragm, flag, pupil, rainbow, comet, peacock, tulip, white, ensign, flagstone, gladiola, gladiolus, retina, spectrum, sunbow.

irkilme start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion.

irkilmek start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. irrasyonel irrational; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, inconsistent, silly, blind, illogical, preposterous, senseless, unreasonable, imprudent, unsound, insane, thoughtless, nonsensical, ridiculous; antonyms (adj) rational, logical. irtibat 1. liaison; synonyms (n) connection, amour, affair, bond, intrigue, affaire, contact, association, connexion, relation, link, relationship, romance, tie, intimacy, 2. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, collision, communication, impact, tangency, acquaintance, interaction, juxtaposition, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 3. communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, conversation, discourse, epistle, intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report, tidings, word, expression.

irtica reaction (reaksiyon, tepki, tepkime); synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply,

237

effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling.

irtifa 1. height (doruk, yükseklik, zirve); synonyms (n) acme, apex, altitude, crest, culmination, peak, pinnacle, top, climax, degree, elevation, eminence, grade, high, level; antonym (n) shortness, 2. gradient; synonyms (n) slope, pitch, tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline, rise, slant, abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity, ascent. iş 1. job; synonyms (n) chore, employment, position, work, assignment, business, career, duty, matter, occupation, post, task, concern, function, labor, 2. affair (mesele); synonyms (n) event, job, occasion, occurrence, amour, happening, incident, issue, party, subject, theme, thing, topic, transaction, meeting, 3. deed; synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, activity, document, doing, effort, fact, title, agency, 4. action (etki, eylem, hareket); synonyms (n) battle, deed, effect, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, case, lawsuit, measure, move, plot, process, (v) combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 5. work (çalışma, çalışmak); synonyms (n) exercise, book, composition, service, (v) operate, toil, cultivate, ferment, form, manipulate, operation, run, serve, use, (adj) trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 6. occupation (işgal); synonyms (n) occupancy, craft, calling, place, affair, conquest, line, profession, vocation, avocation, capture, invasion, office, pursuit, game; antonym (n) surrender, 7. business; synonyms (n) corporation, deal, affairs, commerce, dealings, finance, firm, house, organization, traffic, question, custom, obligation, company, (adj) commercial; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 8. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, management, functioning, running, mission, force, manipulation, operations, procedure, mechanism, administration, treatment, campaign, undertaking, exploitation, 9. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) statute, decree, do, law, edict, (v) behave, go, perform, acquit, enact, feign, pretend, commit, conduct, fake; antonym (v) refrain, 10. employment; synonyms (n) berth, utilization, appointment, consumption, exertion, hiring, purpose, station, usage, betrothal, booking, (v) application, employ, dealing, (adj) occupational; antonym (n) unemployment, 11. task (görev); synonyms (n) charge, commission, enterprise, project, stint, problem, lesson, responsibility, agendum, load, (v) tax, exact, impose, practice, strain, 12. profession; synonyms (n) confession, declaration, affirmation, assertion, assurance, avowal, testimony, allegation, skill, admission, walk, acknowledgment, art, claim, statement, 13. appointment (atama, randevu); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

238

Turkish - English

date, designation, fitting, rendezvous, conference, election, assignation, encounter, naming, selection, allotment, appointee, 14. labour; synonyms (n) childbed, confinement, proletariat, (v) grind, travail, drive, drudge, fag, fatigue, moil, push, tug, dig, 15. dealing; synonyms (n) exchange, distribution, handling, barter, 16. function (fonksiyon, işlev); synonyms (n) role, part, ceremony, authority, department, gathering, observance, ordinance, power, province, usefulness, (v) suffice, control, officiate, ply, 17. assignment; synonyms (n) allocation, assigning, apportionment, consignment, transfer, conveyance, delivery, errand, grant, 18. concern; synonyms (n) regard, attention, anxiety, bother, apprehension, burden, disquiet, fear, (v) worry, affect, care, interest, trouble, import, involve; antonym (v) unconcern, 19. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board, delegation, mandate, warrant, committee, commissioning, commitment, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, empower, nominate, 20. matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) material, substance, article, body, item, instance, consequence, content, difficulty, gist, stuff, text, cause, (v) count, weigh. isabet 1. hit (vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. incidence; synonyms (n) occurrence, commonness, incidency, pervasiveness, attack, bout, event, existence, popularity, regularity, spell. işaret 1. sign (alamet, im); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate, 2. signal; synonyms (n) sign, flag, alarm, salient, note, (v) alert, betoken, foreshadow, guide, (adj) conspicuous, memorable, notable, prominent, remarkable, outstanding, 3. indication; synonyms (n) clue, evidence, index, designation, direction, forerunner, herald, harbinger, hint, reference, cue, allusion, inkling, intimation, prognostic, 4. marker; synonyms (n) label, token, pointer, signpost, tag, buoy, pen, ticket, 5. index (dizin, indeks); synonyms (n) catalogue, exponent, file, table, catalog, forefinger, roll, directory, subscript, enumeration, indicator, indices, record, register, (v) list, 6. mark; synonyms (n) score, character, heed, impression, feature, badge, check, line, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, differentiate, mind, (adj) notice, 7. hint (ipucu); synonyms (n) suggestion, trace, implication, innuendo, insinuation, lead, point, shade, (v) suggest, dash, tip, touch, allude, imply, (adj) intimate; antonym (n) overtone, 8. trace (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) shadow, spot, trail, bit, drop, footprint, relic, remains, (v) track, hunt,

pursue, describe, draw, follow, outline, 9. score; synonyms (n) bill, count, scratch, groove, scotch, account, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, gain, get, hit, make. işaretlemek mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice. işaretli marked; synonyms (adj) distinct, conspicuous, noticeable, pronounced, remarkable, distinguished, apparent, definite, notable, obvious, signal, striking, strong, clear, appreciable; antonyms (adj) plain, unblemished. işbirliği 1. collaboration; synonyms (n) assistance, coaction, cooperation, alliance, concert, help, quislingism, aid, assist, association, affiliation, backing, coincidence, complicity, defense, 2. cooperation; synonyms (n) concurrence, teamwork, partnership; antonyms (n) stubbornness, competition, confrontation, rivalry. işçi 1. employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer, 2. worker; synonyms (n) employee, proletarian, workman, actor, doer, help, operator, practitioner, prole. ise if (eğer); synonyms (conj) provided, although, providing, whether, though, and, so, an, gin, (n) but, conditionally, condition, stipulation, proviso, (adv) peradventure. işgal occupation; synonyms (n) employment, occupancy, business, craft, calling, job, place, affair, career, conquest, function, line, profession, vocation, (v) trade; antonym (n) surrender. ishal diarrhoea; synonyms (n) diarrhea, flux. isim 1. name (ad); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet, address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe, cite, designate, entitle, enumerate, identify, list, mention, 2. noun; synonyms (v) expression, term, 3. substantive; synonyms (adj) real, essential, meaty, significant, material, actual, strong, crucial, hearty, indispensable, satisfying, (n) noun, substantial, name, reality, 4. title; synonyms (n) designation, caption, claim, denomination, interest, championship, heading, pretension, rubric, deed, prize, subtitle, (v) style, (adj) right, ownership, 5.

record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, account, book, disk, document, history, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, mark, enrol. isimsiz anonymous (anonim); synonyms (adj) nameless, unknown, unnamed, unidentified, authorless, unacknowledged, undisclosed, unspecified, incognito, unfamiliar, hidden, indefinite, mysterious, nondescript, private; antonym (adj) known.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English işitme hearing; synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear, trial, consultation, sound, reach, examination, inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj) audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf. işitmek hear (duymak); synonyms (v) attend, discover, apprehend, understand, catch, examine, learn, listen, overhear, see, try, find, get, comprehend, gather. işitsel audio; synonyms (n) sound, television, channel, phone, (adj) auditory, aural, acoustic, hearing. iskandil 1. sounding; synonyms (adj) audible, looking, hollow, sonant, voiceful, intonated, soniferous, tonic, (n) investigation, depth, test, 2. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage; antonym (v) follow. iskele 1. landing (iniş); synonyms (n) land, dock, touchdown, floor, platform, arrival, brow, approach, coming, dais, decking, harbor, model, plan, plat, 2. port (liman); synonyms (n) haven, asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, embrasure, gate, harbour, interface, refuge, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard. iskelet 1. framework; synonyms (n) frame, fabric, framing, chassis, form, shell, architecture, carcass, grating, rack, setting, skeleton, structure, anatomy, building, 2. skeleton; synonyms (n) framework, sketch, bones, body, outline, scaffold, cadaver, corpse, plan, summary, build, physique, corse, ruins, (v) draft, 3. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, fashion, formation, stand, box, (v) construct, fabricate, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, shape, create. iskemle 1. chair (sandalye); synonyms (n) chairman, bench, chairperson, president, throne, couch, chairwoman, professorship, shop, (v) moderate, conduct, lead, 2. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position, post, posterior, rear, (v) locate, put, contain, hold. işkence 1. torture; synonyms (n) torment, distress, pain, agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief, misery, (v) rack, afflict, agonize, excruciate, persecute, martyr, 2. cruelty; synonyms (n) brutality, barbarity, cruelness, oppression, ferociousness, ferocity, harshness, mercilessness, ruthlessness, tyranny, violence, sadism, barbarism, abuse, fierceness; antonyms (n) compassion, kindness, friendliness, gentleness. işkil suspicion (şüphe); synonyms (n) apprehension, distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear, hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust, certainty. iskonto discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce,

239

disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject; antonym (v) increase. işlek 1. busy (meşgul); synonyms (adj) active, brisk, assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile, crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, live, diligent, earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj) idle, free, inactive, 2. running; synonyms (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run, performance, handling.

işlem 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job, 2. process (süreç); synonyms (n) operation, proceeding, method, procedure, course, formula, outgrowth, means, mode, practice, writ, (v) refine, litigate, treat, work, 3. processing; synonyms (n) working, refinement, developing, manufacture, dispensation, conversion, 4. bargain; synonyms (n) contract, agreement, covenant, deal, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer, compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange, agree, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off. işlemci processor; synonyms (n) mainframe, butcher, computer, laptop, notebook, workstation, machine, supercomputer. işleme processing; synonyms (n) working, refinement, developing, manufacture, dispensation, conversion. işlemek 1. function (fonksiyon, işlev); synonyms (n) position, office, place, role, service, work, agency, application, duty, employment, (v) act, exercise, run, serve, go, 2. operate (işletmek); synonyms (v) function, direct, employ, handle, manage, move, perform, proceed, maneuver, fly, behave, control, do, drive, engage, 3. work (çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) business, task, action, book, composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form, manipulate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 4. commit; synonyms (v) commend, assign, charge, consign, apply, confide, dedicate, entrust, submit, deliver, devote, give, intrust, leave, send, 5. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, hasten, hurry, pour, progress, (n) pass, campaign, course, (adj) stream, 6. process (süreç); synonyms (n) operation, proceeding, method, procedure, formula, outgrowth, means, mode, practice, writ, order, (v) refine, litigate, treat, parade. işlenmemiş 1. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 2. crude (kaba); synonyms (adj) clumsy,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

240

Turkish - English

raw, rough, rude, barbarous, primitive, uncouth, vulgar, barbarian, abrupt, churlish, earthy, gross, impolite, indecent; antonym (adj) sophisticated.

işletme 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job, 2. exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse, development, misuse, employment, operation, use, using, ventilation, plunder, achievement, consumption, corruption, cruelty, damage, defacement. işletmeci operator (operatör); synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy, hooker. işletmek 1. operate; synonyms (v) act, function, run, direct, employ, go, handle, manage, move, perform, proceed, work, maneuver, exercise, fly, 2. exploit; synonyms (v) apply, use, abuse, harness, prey, utilize, capitalize, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance, 3. work (çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) business, employment, task, book, composition, (v) labor, operate, toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form, manipulate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction. işletmen operator (operatör); synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy, hooker. işlev function (fonksiyon); synonyms (n) position, office, place, role, service, work, agency, application, duty, employment, (v) act, exercise, run, serve, go. işlevsel functional; synonyms (adj) practical, effective, handy, operational, operative, working, serviceable, official, operable, running, useful; antonyms (adj) nonfunctional, useless. işleyen 1. going; synonyms (v) go, course, (n) departure, exit, leaving, parting, disappearance, expiration, action, passing, (adj) running, working, 2. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) motion, administration, operation, run, performance, handling. işlik workshop (atölye); synonyms (n) shop, factory, studio, workhouse, atelier, works, poorhouse, store, training, committee, induction, meeting, practicum. ispat 1. proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument, authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment, 2. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) mark, proof, data, attestation, testimony, clue, deposition, (v) display,

demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, denote, establish, exhibit. ispirto spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body. israf waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save. işsiz unemployed; synonyms (adj) idle, vacant, free, inactive, unexercised, (v) unoccupied; antonyms (adj) employed, working. işsizlik unemployment; synonyms (n) idleness, depression, leisure, recession, redundancy; antonym (n) employment. iştah 1. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 2. appetite; synonyms (n) desire, appetence, appetency, relish, craving, gusto, liking, passion, stomach, taste, thirst, want, appetition, fondness, (v) demand; antonym (n) dislike. istasyon station (durak); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site. istatistik statistics; synonyms (n) data, census, score, information, list, table, facts, records. işte there (orada); synonyms (adv) here, thither, present, thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj) adept, competent, expert, professional, reliable, skillful, trustworthy, unfailing. istek 1. request; synonyms (n) petition, bid, prayer, application, claim, (v) demand, ask, invite, order, pray, appeal, beg, call, desire, entreat; antonym (v) command, 2. disposition; synonyms (n) bent, attitude, character, disposal, tendency, arrangement, bias, inclination, predisposition, propensity, direction, aptitude, array, constitution, distribution, 3. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, wish, craving, dream, impulse, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, want, aim, choose, crave; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, (v) dislike, hate, 4. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, leave, shall, (n) volition, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, purpose, testament, choice, 5. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) like, please, care, prefer, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) need, longing, request, urge, plan, thirst, goal, 6. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, maw, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 7. claim (talep); synonyms (n) charge, allegation, privilege, right, title, (v) assert, exact, arrogate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English contend, require, requisition, pretend, argue, challenge, affirm; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 8. demand; synonyms (n) requirement, sale, press, necessity, pretension, tax, exigency, plea, (v) expect, involve, necessitate, clamor, force, assess, apply; antonym (v) supply, 9. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, intelligence, psyche, regard, mentality, conscience, (v) look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget, 10. appetite; synonyms (n) appetence, appetency, relish, gusto, passion, stomach, taste, appetition, fondness, hunger, lust, penchant, zest, 11. want (istemek); synonyms (n) lack, poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, destitution, indigence, penury, privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, distress. istekli 1. willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed, ready, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, consenting, obliging, content, desirous, game; antonyms (adj) unwilling, reluctant, 2. cheerful; synonyms (adj) buoyant, breezy, blithe, bright, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic, pleasant, airy, animated, brisk, chipper, comfortable, contented; antonyms (adj) depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose, somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull, 3. applicant; synonyms (n) petitioner, aspirant, candidate, applier, contender, contestant, solicitor, hopeful, 4. intent (amaç, niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose, spirit, drift, 5. ambitious (tutkulu); synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult, eager, energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive, enterprising, grandiose, pushy, 6. prepared; synonyms (adj) fit, willing, fitted, fain, finished, ripe, competent, primed, completed, efficient, mature, apt, complete, equipped, able; antonym (adj) unprepared. isteksiz reluctant; synonyms (adj) disinclined, loath, averse, unwilling, hesitant, indisposed, loth, involuntary, backward, diffident, shy, chary, slow, tardy, adverse; antonyms (adj) inclined, willing, eager. isteksizlik reluctance; synonyms (n) disinclination, aversion, hesitation, indisposition, distaste, disgust, dislike, opposition, repugnance, unwillingness, diffidence, hesitancy, scruple; antonym (n) inclination. istem demand; synonyms (n) claim, request, requirement, requisition, sale, call, (v) ask, command, need, require, appeal, beg, charge, expect, involve; antonym (v) supply. istemek 1. want; synonyms (v) need, desire, (n) lack, poverty, wish, deficiency, deprivation, famine, absence, dearth, demand, destitution, indigence,

241

necessity, penury; antonyms (v) dislike, hate, 2. request (istek); synonyms (n) petition, bid, prayer, application, claim, entreaty, invitation, (v) ask, invite, order, pray, appeal, beg, call, entreat; antonym (v) command, 3. require; synonyms (v) charge, crave, exact, involve, want, entail, compel, force, necessitate, request, enjoin, expect, oblige, take, make, 4. ask (sormak); synonyms (v) inquire, interrogate, question, beseech, consult, plead, quiz, require, enquire, implore, solicit, summon, urge, appraise; antonym (v) answer, 5. claim (talep); synonyms (n) allegation, privilege, right, title, assertion, (v) assert, arrogate, contend, requisition, pretend, argue, challenge, affirm, allege, aver; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 6. desire (arzu, arzu etmek); synonyms (n) ambition, hope, aspiration, will, craving, dream, impulse, liking, lust, (v) fancy, aspire, seek, aim, choose, like; antonyms (n) aversion, reality, 7. demand; synonyms (n) requirement, sale, press, pretension, appetite, tax, exigency, plea, assessment, bidding, (v) clamor, assess, apply, extort, insist; antonym (v) supply, 8. choose (seçmek); synonyms (v) adopt, elect, pick, prefer, select, appoint, assign, decide, determine, draw, excerpt, vote, nominate, designate, resolve; antonyms (v) reject, refuse, 9. wish (arzu); synonyms (v) please, care, intend, mean, trust, favor, (n) inclination, longing, pleasure, purpose, mind, plan, thirst, goal, hunger, 10. seek (aramak); synonyms (v) search, attempt, endeavor, hunt, look, explore, pursue, quest, investigate, research, follow, essay, ransack, strive, struggle. istemli voluntary; synonyms (adj) spontaneous, optional, deliberate, gratuitous, intentional, unforced, willing, willful, elective, unpaid, (n) volunteer; antonyms (adj) involuntary, compulsory, forced, instinctive. istenmeyen undesirable; synonyms (adj) unpleasant, unwelcome, inexpedient, distasteful, objectionable, undesired, unsuitable, unwanted, improper, intolerable, unalluring, unattractive, wrong; antonyms (adj) desirable, wanted, welcome. isteyerek readily; synonyms (adv) lightly, easily, promptly, soon, quick, freely, gladly, quickly, cheerfully, eagerly, pronto, willingly, commonly, naturally, (adj) smoothly. istiare metaphor; synonyms (n) allegory, analogy, parable, trope, fable, figure, comparison, metonymy, symbol, hyperbole, tralatition, emblem, hope, personification, story. istif stack (yığın, yığmak); synonyms (n) pile, accumulation, mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack, store. istihbarat intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

242

Turkish - English

understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion. istihdam employment; synonyms (n) business, occupation, trade, use, career, duty, engagement, service, exploitation, avocation, (v) application, employ, calling, profession, (adj) work; antonym (n) unemployment. istihsal production (üretim); synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition. istikbal future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming, prospective, intended, potential, approaching, forthcoming, imminent, impending, later, (n) prospect, hereafter, fate, futurity, (v) horizon; antonym (n) past. istikrar stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise, equilibrium, solidity, balance, stableness, strength, endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance, steadiness; antonym (n) instability. istikrarlı 1. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent, uniform, agreeable, compatible, congruous, constant, logical, conformable, consonant, regular, unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant, equable; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic, contradictory, illogical, unpredictable, unreliable, 2. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, calm, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent. istila invasion; synonyms (n) attack, assault, aggression, incursion, inroad, descent, foray, influx, intrusion, encroachment, infringement, occupation, raid, breach, charge; antonyms (n) retreat, surrender. istim steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, (adj) gas. istirahat rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. iştirak participation; synonyms (n) involvement, interest, contribution, attendance, complicity, communion, association, connection, affair, concert, concurrence, engagement, voice. istismar exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse, development, misuse, employment, operation, use, using, ventilation, plunder, achievement, consumption, corruption, cruelty, damage, defacement. istisna exception; synonyms (n) exclusion, objection, exemption, anomaly, immunity, peculiarity,

privilege, release, repudiation, condition, salvo, animadversion; antonym (n) inclusion. istisnai exceptional; synonyms (adj) special, abnormal, excellent, extraordinary, particular, prodigious, singular, uncommon, exceeding, outstanding, rare, single, superior, unique, unusual; antonyms (adj) common, mediocre, ordinary, average, normal, usual, abysmal, inferior, poor. istralya stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. işveren 1. employer; synonyms (n) boss, master, businessperson, patron, capitalist, company, corporation, director, establishment, executive, firm, juice, kingpin, management, organization; antonym (n) employee, 2. boss (patron); synonyms (n) chief, governor, head, overseer, superior, ruler, administrator, captain, foreman, leader, manager, principal, (v) administer, govern, direct. isyan 1. revolt (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurrection, uprising, revolution, (v) disgust, mutiny, rebellion, nauseate, sicken, rebel, repel, offend, repulse, appall, protest, (adj) shock, 2. rebellion; synonyms (n) revolt, disobedience, defiance, outbreak, unrest, commotion, disorder, disturbance, insurgence, rising, sedition, 3. riot; synonyms (n) tumult, brawl, fight, fray, confusion, debauch, debauchery, orgy, trouble, mob, (v) carouse, muddle, (adj) hubbub, uproar, row, 4. rising; synonyms (adj) climbing, uphill, emergent, emerging, (n) ascending, ascension, ascent, climb, rise, advance, lift, upheaval, heave, (adv) increasing, growing; antonyms (adj) plummeting, decreasing, plunging. isyancı rebel (ayaklanmak); synonyms (n) insurgent, nonconformist, anarchist, dissident, insurrectionist, traitor, (v) mutiny, renegade, arise, disobey, revolt, rise, oppose, (adj) mutineer, rebellious; antonym (n) conformist. işyeri 1. business; synonyms (n) employment, matter, subject, affair, calling, concern, corporation, deal, event, job, occupation, profession, trade, vocation, work; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 2. workshop (atölye); synonyms (n) shop, factory, studio, workhouse, atelier, works, poorhouse, store, training, committee, induction, meeting, practicum. it dog (köpek); synonyms (n) cur, andiron, blackguard, click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase, hound, beset, hunt, tail, track, trail, course. itaat 1. compliance; synonyms (n) agreement, approval, observance, accordance, acquiescence, complaisance, consent, obedience, accord, assent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English compliancy, deference, submission, flexibility, yielding; antonyms (n) disobedience, stubbornness, nonconformity, 2. obedience; synonyms (n) compliance, meekness, obeisance, bow, loyalty; antonyms (n) defiance, naughtiness, resistance, 3. submission; synonyms (n) bid, offer, surrender, entry, presentation, capitulation, conformity, suggestion, application, tender, endurance, patience, (adj) resignation. ithaf dedication; synonyms (n) consecration, allegiance, commitment, devotion, inscription, loyalty, fidelity, sanctification, fanaticism, passion, (adj) glorification; antonym (n) indifference. ithal import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) consequence, meaning, sense, effect, connotation, implication, importance, moment, purport, significance, value, betoken, (v) matter, denote, imply; antonym (v) export. ithalat import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) consequence, meaning, sense, effect, connotation, implication, importance, moment, purport, significance, value, betoken, (v) matter, denote, imply; antonym (v) export. itham charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat. itibar 1. prestige; synonyms (n) credit, influence, power, distinction, authority, dignity, repute, reputation, standing, status, attraction, face, kudos, celebrity, glory, 2. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) attention, concern, estimate, heed, attend, account, believe, consider, count, hold, (n) notice, respect, esteem, deference, look; antonym (n) disrespect, 3. odour; synonyms (n) fragrance, flavour, aroma, smell, odor, scent, flavor, feel, feeling, olfaction, smelling, spirit, tone, 4. importance; synonyms (n) greatness, gravity, import, consequence, emphasis, prominence, stress, value, magnitude, matter, prestige, seriousness, significance, grandeur, (v) weight; antonyms (n) insignificance, unimportance, triviality, 5. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, affront, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 6. credit (kredi); synonyms (n) credence, appreciation, belief, commendation, recognition, advance, acknowledgment, confidence, fame, honor, loan, (v) accredit, ascribe, assign, attribute; antonyms (n) cash, (v) debit, discredit, 7. authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, judge, professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, approval, authorisation.

243

itibari nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal, token, minimal, minimum, nominative, (v) cognominal; antonym (adj) real. itikat 1. faith (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed, cult, allegiance, dependence, expectation, fidelity, hope, piety; antonym (n) unbelief, 2. creed; synonyms (n) gospel, religion, credo, faith, denomination, doctrine, persuasion, credenda. itimat 1. reliance (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, credit, faith, trust, belief, dependence, assurance, conviction, credence, dependency, hope, expectation, presumption, 2. confidence; synonyms (n) certainty, certitude, intimacy, nerve, reliance, security, sureness, authority, affiance, boldness, face, cheek, firmness, impudence, poise; antonyms (n) insecurity, uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity, 3. faith (güven); synonyms (n) creed, cult, allegiance, fidelity, piety, religion, church, denomination, constancy, doctrine, honor, loyalty, persuasion, troth, (adj) honesty; antonym (n) unbelief. itinalı careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate, attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware, cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful. itiraf 1. confession; synonyms (n) avowal, admission, acknowledgment, recognition, concession, divulgence, disclosure, penance, profession, apology; antonym (n) denial, 2. admission (kabul); synonyms (n) acceptance, access, confession, admittance, declaration, reception, confirmation, acquiescence, affirmation, allowance, entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, introduction.

itiraz 1. protest (protesto, protesto etmek); synonyms (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question, (v) dissent, assert, complain, object, affirm, asseverate, attest, aver, declare, demur; antonym (v) support, 2. objection; synonyms (n) protest, exception, grievance, gripe, disagreement, outcry, difficulty, disapproval, expostulation, criticism, disadvantage, drawback, scruple, animadversion, argument. itiş push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt, poke, (v) drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul. itme 1. impulse; synonyms (n) impetus, pulse, urge, drive, force, impulsion, motive, whim, goad, desire, incentive, incitement, momentum, motivation, spur, 2. push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt, poke, elbow, energy, (v) impel, crowd, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

244

Turkish - English

itmek push; synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt, poke, (v) drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul. ittifak 1. alliance; synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n) nonalignment, 2. agreement (anlaşma); synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence, concord, accordance, coincidence, contract, acceptance, appointment, arrangement, compliance, confirmation, conformity, correspondence, covenant, settlement; antonyms (n) disagreement, argument, conflict, discord, rejection, dispute, resistance. ivedi 1. urgent (acil); synonyms (adj) pressing, importunate, imperative, instant, immediate, quick, earnest, critical, serious, vital, hasty, insistent, compelling, (v) important, clamorous; antonym (adj) trivial, 2. burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze, afire, blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate, aflame, alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing, zealous, burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, 3. pressing (acil); synonyms (v) exigent, anxious, (adj) imperious, burning, grave, crucial, (n) urgent, dishing, press, pressure, prestretching. ivme acceleration; synonyms (n) speed, rapidity, rise, quickening, quickness, rush, speedup, swiftness. iyelik 1. possession; synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, property, tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy, colony, (v) acquisition, 2. ownership (mülkiyet, sahiplik); synonyms (n) control, proprietorship, possession, title, hold, (adj) claim, right. iyi 1. good; synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 2. okay; synonyms (adj) good, alright, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization, agreement, blessing, (v) approve, sanction, consent, endorse, authorize, countenance, accept; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid, 3. fine (güzel, ince); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant, thin, delightful, acute, admirable, beautiful, choice, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) thick, coarse, substantial, wide, 4. well; synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous, 5. nice; synonyms (adj) fastidious, kind, lovely, neat, likable, correct, decent, difficult, enjoyable, exact, particular, precise, minute, suitable, discriminating; antonym (adj) horrible, 6. decent; synonyms (adj) proper, adequate,

appropriate, acceptable, becoming, comely, decorous, honest, modest, respectable, seemly, sufficient, chaste, ethical, fitting; antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome, inappropriate, disreputable, filthy, inadequate, indecent, unsuitable. iyice 1. clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute, 2. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, comprehensive, extensive, large, ample, vast, capacious, expanded, extended, open, sweeping, big, deep; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, restricted. iyileşme recovery (kurtarma); synonyms (n) rally, convalescence, improvement, reclamation, rescue, resurrection, retrieval, cure, deliverance, healing, recuperation, restoration, revival, yield, regeneration; antonyms (n) decline, loss, return. iyileşmek recover; synonyms (v) reclaim, recuperate, regain, retrieve, convalesce, find, heal, mend, rally, restore, improve, obtain, recall, recoup, redeem; antonyms (v) deteriorate, lose. iyileştirilmiş improved; synonyms (adj) better, enhanced, new, reformed, advanced, amplified, augmented, bigger, changed, converted, enlarged, finer, greater, healthier, higher; antonyms (adj) inferior, worse, lesser. iyileştirme amendment; synonyms (n) alteration, betterment, correction, redress, improvement, revision, transformation, adjustment, change, conversion, mend, modification, rectification, reform, variation. iyileştirmek 1. cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve, restore, 2. remedy (ilaç); synonyms (n) cure, redress, drug, relief, medication, physic, remediation, treatment, amendment, amends, (v) amend, rectify, relieve, aid, doctor. iyilik 1. goodness; synonyms (n) generosity, excellence, good, kindness, benefit, benevolence, graciousness, morality, virtue, worth, charity, (adj) benignity, gentleness, favor, beneficence; antonyms (n) evil, wickedness, 2. favour; synonyms (v) choose, prefer, privilege, 3. kindness; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion, courtesy, affection, consideration, cordiality, friendliness, goodness, grace, humanity, fondness, amiability, geniality, love, pity; antonyms (n) unkindness, callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite, unfriendliness, maliciousness. iyimser optimistic; synonyms (adj) cheerful, affirmative, positive, upbeat, bright, carefree,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English happy, lighthearted, rosy, sanguine, confident, expectant; antonyms (adj) pessimistic, negative, disheartened. iyimserlik optimism; synonyms (n) hopefulness, hope, buoyancy, cheer, cheerfulness, expectation, happiness; antonym (n) pessimism. iz 1. track (izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path, line, racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint, 2. trail (izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trudge, pathway, scent, wake, (v) haul, drag, train, draw, tow, pull, lag, shadow, stalk, tag, 3. trace (izlemek); synonyms (n) spot, clue, dash, hint, indication, mark, shade, sign, suggestion, touch, bit, drop, evidence, (v) describe, outline, 4. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) ghost, darkness, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, umbrage, silhouette, dark, (v) eclipse, obscure, overshadow, cloud, darken, 5. impress; synonyms (v) imprint, affect, move, print, inscribe, instill, emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, amaze, dazzle, (n) stamp, impression, press, 6. ghost (hayalet, hortlak); synonyms (n) spirit, soul, spectre, spook, appearance, manes, vision, wraith, author, (v) specter, ghostwrite, haunt, 7. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, testimony, deposition, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, denote, establish, 8. mark; synonyms (n) brand, score, character, heed, feature, badge, check, emblem, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, differentiate, (adj) notice, 9. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, reach, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate; antonym (v) relax, 10. suggestion (öneri); synonyms (n) advice, intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, proposition, recommendation, implication, inkling, insinuation, offer, plan, prompting, motion, overture, 11. print; synonyms (n) engraving, copy, lettering, picture, facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, type, etching, replica, duplicate, (v) impress, photograph, issue, engrave, 12. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, cachet, die, earmark, form, hallmark, mold, mould, pestle, (v) cast, trample, punch, shape, note, mint, 13. sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, portent, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, forerunner, attribute, augury, banner, (v) gesture, indicate, autograph, bless, 14. suspicion (şüphe); synonyms (n) apprehension, distrust, mistrust, fear, hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation, intuition, guess, misdoubt, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust, certainty, 15. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, tap, (v) contact, hit, border, adjoin,

245

stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, interest, meet. izafi relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute. izah explanation (açıklama); synonyms (n) account, annotation, commentary, definition, description, exposition, excuse, gloss, interpretation, justification, solution, key, answer, caption, apology; antonym (n) mystery. izdiham 1. jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v) free, 2. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, gang, (v) bunch, flock, compress; antonym (v) disperse. izdüşüm projection; synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient. izin 1. permit (izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow, give, license, admit, leave, let, bear, endure, have, agree, (n) consent, licence, pass, permission, (adj) grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit, stop, 2. permission; synonyms (n) permit, approval, authority, liberty, agreement, assent, authorization, dispensation, sanction, approbation, concession, acquiescence, endorsement, dismissal, (v) allowance; antonym (n) refusal, 3. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, bequeath, (n) furlough, holiday, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 4. licence (lisans); synonyms (v) certify, endorse, evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest, 5. consent; synonyms (n) accord, consensus, compliance, concurrence, acceptance, promise, confirmation, (v) approve, concur, accede, accept, acquiesce, coincide, comply, yield; antonyms (n) opposition, (v) disagree, refuse, veto, 6. concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compromise, discount, charter, conceding, yielding, acknowledgment, abatement, confession, privilege, recognition, reduction, (v) boon, 7. allowance; synonyms (n) allotment, quota, tolerance, maintenance, adjustment, allocation, compensation, deduction, fee, indulgence, margin, portion, rebate, share, wage, 8. liberty (özgürlük); synonyms (n) freedom, immunity, independence, autonomy, emancipation, latitude, exemption, release, scope, familiarity, ease, right, frankness, generosity, (adj) franchise.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

246

Turkish - English

izlemek 1. monitor (monitör); synonyms (v) check, regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator, 2. trail (iz, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, course, trudge, (v) haul, drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, draw, tow, dog, 3. track (iz); synonyms (n) line, racetrack, road, route, circuit, orbit, lane, lead, racecourse, (v) trail, follow, footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, 4. trace (iz); synonyms (n) shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint, indication, shade, sign, suggestion, touch, bit, drop, evidence, (v) describe, outline, 5. pursue; synonyms (v) prosecute, haunt, hound, persist, conduct, practice, court, keep, continue, engage, harass, persecute, seek, bother, plague, 6. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, lookout, (adj) vigilance, 7. follow; synonyms (v) adhere, adopt, accompany, comprehend, ensue, grasp, realize, succeed, emulate, drive, fathom, absorb, arise, attend, (adj) catch; antonyms (v) precede, guide, head, 8. dog (köpek); synonyms (n) cur, andiron, blackguard, click, detent, cad, cock, heel, pawl, bounder, (v) beset, tag. izlenim 1. impression; synonyms (n) belief, conception, feeling, idea, imprint, depression, image, mark, notion, dent, appearance, effect, feel, impress, influence, 2. feeling (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, passion, emotion, atmosphere, hunch, impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm, excitement, (adj) emotional; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference. izleyen consequent; synonyms (adj) ensuing, following, resultant, resulting, sequent, attendant, consequential, next, succeeding, successive, (v) subsequent. izleyiciler audience (dinleyiciler); synonyms (n) hearing, interview, attendance, house, meeting, turnout, audition, congregation, crowd, following, public, spectators, (v) auditory. izolasyon 1. insulation; synonyms (n) insularity, insulating, detachment, insulant, lining, isolation, insularism, blubber, breakup, casing, coat, cover, covering, disengagement, exclusiveness, 2. isolation; synonyms (n) alienation, estrangement, insulation, privacy, dissociation, loneliness, seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation, segregation, separation, disaffection; antonyms (n) closeness, companionship.

ı ılık warm (ısıtmak, sıcak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial,

glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill. ılıman mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, gracious, benign, easy, lenient, docile, humble, balmy, calm, clement, delicate, kind, meek, sweet, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj) intense, extreme, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy, barbed, fierce, great, hot, incisive, passionate, powerful, scathing, wintry. ılımlı 1. moderate; synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2. mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, gracious, benign, lenient, docile, humble, balmy, clement, delicate, kind, meek, sweet, affable, fine, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj) intense, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy, barbed, fierce, great, hot, incisive, passionate, powerful, scathing, wintry. ırak far (uzak); synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely, well, astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote, much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms (adv) close, briefly, (adj) near. ırk 1. race; synonyms (n) kind, dash, family, career, competition, people, kin, nation, (v) course, run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj) lineage, 2. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. ırkçılık racism; synonyms (n) racialism, prejudice, bigotry, chauvinism, fascism, apartheid, illiberality, one-sidedness, partiality, sectarianism, unfairness. ırmak river (nehir); synonyms (n) creek, flow, current, waterway, watercourse, (v) brook, stream, burn, bayou, beck, (adj) water. ısı heat; synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool. ışık light (açık, hafif); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. ışıklandırma lighting; synonyms (n) illumination, light, firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation, brightness, discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire, igniter, ignitor, installation, liberation. ısıl thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic, warm, convection. ışıltı flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ışıltılı shining; synonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, lustrous, glossy, luminous, radiant, resplendent, glorious, clear, effulgent, glistening, glittering, glowing, sheeny, (n) lucid; antonym (adj) dull. ışıma radiation (radyasyon); synonyms (n) emanation, emission, irradiation, actinotherapy, beam, dissipation, flash, light, divergence, radiotherapy, spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium, radium, (adj) radiance. ışın 1. beam (kiriş); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. ray; synonyms (n) beam, glimmer, brightness, irradiation, shaft, skate, streak, flicker, (v) irradiate. ışınım radiation (radyasyon); synonyms (n) emanation, emission, irradiation, actinotherapy, beam, dissipation, flash, light, divergence, radiotherapy, spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium, radium, (adj) radiance. ısınmak 1. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2. warm (ılık, ısıtmak, sıcak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, unfriendly, reserved, hostile. ısırık bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. ısırma bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. ısırmak bite; synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. ısıtıcı heater; synonyms (n) brasier, warmer, bullet, fastball, calefactor, cannabis, dope, fume, gage, ganja, grass, hummer, salamander, smoke, tuyere. ısıtma heating; synonyms (n) heat, warming, warm, thawing, burning, enchafing, estrus, fusion, hotness, oestrus, passion, (adj) calefactive, calefactory, calorific, calefacient. ısıtmak 1. warm (ılık, sıcak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill, 2. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion. ıskarta 1. reject (geri çevirmek); synonyms (v) refuse, decline, deny, disapprove, discard, dismiss, eliminate, exclude, rebuff, abandon, disallow, disown, ignore, renounce, (n) cull; antonyms (v) accept, approve, choose, select, acknowledge,

247

grant, 2. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep. ıslah 1. amendment; synonyms (n) alteration, betterment, correction, redress, improvement, revision, transformation, adjustment, change, conversion, mend, modification, rectification, reform, variation, 2. reform; synonyms (n) amendment, (v) amend, better, correct, rectify, modify, transform, ameliorate, emend, improve, reclaim, regenerate, remodel, renovate, rehabilitate. ıslak wet (ıslatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v) dry. ıslaklık wet (ıslak, ıslatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v) dry. ıslatmak 1. wet (ıslak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v) dry, 2. steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual. ıslık whistle (düdük, ıslık çalmak); synonyms (n) whistling, pennywhistle, (v) pipe, sing, twitter, hiss, cry, warble, cheep, tweet, chirp, wheeze.

ısmarlama order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request.

ısmarlamak 1. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. treat; synonyms (v) handle, deal, manage, process, heal, nurse, regale, operate, doctor, (n) feast, administer, delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet. ısrar 1. insistence; synonyms (n) demand, stubbornness, insistency, insisting, instancy, persistence, press, pressure, steadfastness, urgency, determination, imperativeness; antonym (n) vacillation, 2. urgency; synonyms (n) haste, necessity, hurry, insistence, stress, exigency, compulsion, importance, speed, emergency, need, rush, importunity, essentiality, gravity.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

248

Turkish - English

ıssız lonely; synonyms (adj) deserted, desolate, lone, dreary, forsaken, solitary, desert, forlorn, friendless, lonesome, remote, secluded, bleak, (n) alone, isolated; antonym (adj) sociable.

ıstampa 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge. ıstırap 1. misery; synonyms (n) adversity, distress, affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, poverty, suffering, calamity, depression, (adj) grief; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, ecstasy, happiness, joy, fun, hopefulness, 2. distress (acı); synonyms (n) pain, trouble, anxiety, difficulty, hurt, torture, alarm, (v) afflict, torment, concern, bother, upset, worry, discomfort, annoy; antonyms (v) comfort, please. ızgara grid; synonyms (n) gridiron, grating, lattice, mesh, netting, network, web, chart, diagram, template, framework, table.

İ İncil bible; synonyms (n) scripture, book, authority, guide, manual, regulation, word, countersign, creed, discussion, doctrine, guidebook, intelligence, logos, news.

J jambon ham; synonyms (n) gammon, village, actor, dorp, hamfatter, kraal, amateur, beef, chicken, hamlet, hand, jambon, (adj) affected, conceited, (v) act. jant rim; synonyms (n) border, edge, margin, brim, brink, boundary, verge, lip, confine, bound, flange, limit, (v) skirt, hem, line. jeoloji geology; synonyms (n) formation, mineralogy, geoscopy, constitution, establishment, organisation, organization, shaping. jest 1. gesture; synonyms (n) signal, gesticulation, indication, movement, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate, motion, wave, 2. sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) mark, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, forerunner, attribute, augury, (v) gesture, indicate, autograph. jokey jockey; synonyms (n) equestrian, horseman, rider, cavalier, conjuror, (v) cheat, beguile, defraud, chicane, chouse, manage, maneuver, manipulate, screw, beat.

jöle jelly (pelte); synonyms (n) gel, conserve, jam, gelatin, preserves, (v) jellify, jell. jüri jury; synonyms (n) board, panel, adjudicators, group, team, council, venire.

K kaba 1. rough; synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 2. gross (brüt); synonyms (adj) crass, big, boorish, common, fat, blunt, disgusting, broad, brutal, bulky, earthy, entire, flagrant, (v) foul, (n) aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net, 3. coarse; synonyms (adj) barbarous, rough, vulgar, bawdy, rude, uncivilized, brutish, awkward, base, dirty, indecent, indelicate, loud, (adv) beastly, (v) nasty, 4. crude; synonyms (adj) clumsy, immature, primitive, uncouth, barbarian, abrupt, churlish, impolite, natural, unprocessed, unrefined, gaudy, tasteless, basic, green, 5. brutal; synonyms (adj) barbaric, bestial, savage, truculent, unkind, vicious, boarish, rugged, tough, ferocious, fierce, inhuman, oppressive, pitiless, rigorous; antonyms (adj) kind, merciful, liberal, 6. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, full, grave, arduous, burdensome, grievous, thick, compact, ample, cumbersome, grueling, overweight; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, puny, skinny, 7. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, cheap, mutual, usual, accustomed, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, banal, prosaic, poor, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 8. harsh (sert); synonyms (adj) sharp, austere, bitter, discordant, grim, acrid, acute, biting, extreme, severe, stern, acerbic, acid, astringent, (n) dissonant; antonyms (adj) harmonious, lenient, melodious, sweet, 9. roughly (kabaca); synonyms (adv) coarsely, almost, around, harshly, some, generally, hardly, violently, fiercely, (prep) about, approximately, circa, (adj) nearly; antonyms (adv) gently, softly, smoothly, 10. rude; synonyms (adj) impudent, bold, discourteous, abusive, curt, disrespectful, impertinent, insolent, plain, forward, audacious, brazen, brusque, disagreeable, (n) robust; antonyms (adj) polite, respectful, chivalrous, courteous, civil, decent, proper, well-mannered. kabaca roughly; synonyms (adv) coarsely, almost, around, rough, harshly, some, generally, hardly, violently, fiercely, (prep) about, approximately, circa, (adj) nearly; antonyms (adv) gently, softly, smoothly.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kabadayı 1. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 2. tough; synonyms (adj) difficult, tenacious, strong, arduous, firm, hardy, laborious, rugged, severe, stout, sturdy, rough, bad, (n) bully, rowdy; antonyms (adj) tender, easy, weak, flimsy, feeble, lightweight, simple. kabahat 1. sin (günah işlemek); synonyms (n) evil, fault, iniquity, crime, blunder, error, guilt, misdeed, offense, wickedness, mistake, (v) offend, blame, err, trespass; antonyms (n) virtue, piety, 2. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 3. fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, failing, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, demerit, weakness, default, failure, fracture, imperfection, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength. kabahatli guilty (suçlu); synonyms (adj) ashamed, culpable, criminal, faulty, hangdog, wicked, chargeable, condemned, delinquent, reprehensible, sinful, contrite, responsible, shamefaced, sheepish; antonyms (adj) innocent, blameless. kabalık gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate. kabarık raised; synonyms (v) repousse, (adj) elevated, embossed, erect, convex, brocaded, high, alert, bold, confident, elate, elated, elative, exultant, (prep) above. kabarma 1. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour, 2. surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple, spurt, increase, spate, upsurge, (v) billow, rise, rush, flow, heave, swell, soar, leap. kabarmak surge; synonyms (n) wave, burst, ripple, spurt, (v) billow, flood, rise, rush, stream, flow, gush, heave, jet, swell, soar. kabartma relief; synonyms (n) comfort, aid, consolation, ease, help, relaxation, release, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation, encouragement, redress, rest, (v) assistance.

kabartmak raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower. kabataslak rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n)

249

boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. kabile tribe; synonyms (n) family, clan, house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind. kabiliyet 1. capability (yetenek); synonyms (n) capacity, ability, aptitude, capableness, competence, faculty, gift, potency, potential, power, qualification, talent, aptness, efficiency, endowment; antonyms (n) inability, failure, incapability, 2. ability (yetenek); synonyms (n) hand, cleverness, dexterity, accomplishment, bent, capability, competency, expertise, flair, genius, knowledge, might, skill, intelligence, adroitness; antonym (n) injury, 3. faculty; synonyms (n) facility, staff, expertness, knack, profession, turn, vocation, calling, cloth, sense, (adj) ingenuity, parts, talents, 4. talent; synonyms (n) proficiency, prowess, forte, quality, (v) donation, present. kabiliyetli intelligent (akıllı); synonyms (adj) clever, alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted, rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowing, knowledgeable, quick; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid. kabiliyetsiz 1. ineffective (etkisiz); synonyms (adj) empty, incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate, ineffectual, inefficient, null, fruitless, incapable, powerless, unable, useless, worthless, feckless; antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful, 2. incapable; synonyms (adj) helpless, inept, insufficient, unqualified, unfit, weak; antonyms (adj) capable, able. kabin cabin (kulübe); synonyms (n) booth, hut, chamber, cot, lodge, room, shed, stall, apartment.

kabine cabinet (bakanlar kurulu, dolap); synonyms (n) case, closet, locker, press, cupboard, chamber, console, sideboard, board, council. kabir tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt, sepulcher, pit, sepulture, vault, monument, entomb, (v) bury, inter. kablo 1. cable; synonyms (n) rope, line, cablegram, telegram, cord, guy, ribbon, twine, (v) wire, telegraph, report, 2. cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie, tape, lace, thread, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable, corduroy, strand, (v) knot. kabristan cemetery; synonyms (n) graveyard, churchyard, necropolis, charnel, catacomb, crypt, garden, headstone, mortuary, ossuary, polyandrium, sepulcher. kabuk 1. shell; synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast, 2. crust; synonyms (n) cheekiness, covering, gall, impertinence, shell, skin, coating, encrustation, impudence, incrustation, insolence, (v) coat, 3. skin (cilt, deri, post);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

250

Turkish - English

synonyms (n) hide, fur, hull, integument, pelt, cutis, fell, film, fleece, (v) pare, scrape, excoriate, flay, abrade, strip. kabul 1. acceptance; synonyms (n) acceptation, acknowledgment, adoption, recognition, accession, acquiescence, approval, assumption, confirmation, credence, ratification, receipt, welcome, belief, admission; antonyms (n) rejection, refutation, dispatch, 2. admission; synonyms (n) acceptance, access, confession, admittance, declaration, reception, affirmation, allowance, concession, entrance, entree, entry, inclusion, introduction, pass; antonym (n) denial, 3. reception (alma, resepsiyon); synonyms (n) entertainment, greeting, party, receiving, getting, salutation, comprehension, reaction, banquet, response, catch, function, presentation, (adj) soiree, 4. recognition (tanıma); synonyms (n) appreciation, identification, perception, cognizance, acknowledgement, avowal, credit, realization, remembrance, salute, understanding, commemoration, gratitude, recollection, knowledge, 5. concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) compliance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license, yielding, abatement, assent, consent, leave, liberty, (v) boon, 6. acknowledgement (alındı); synonyms (n) acclaim, preferment, realisation.

kabullenmek accept (almak, kabul etmek, onaylamak); synonyms (v) receive, acknowledge, admit, take, recognize, abide, accede, acquiesce, adopt, assume, believe, yield, agree, approve, assent; antonyms (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, oppose, renounce, resist. kabus nightmare; synonyms (n) dream, incubus, fantasy, terror, bugbear, fancy, trial, vision. kabza 1. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 2. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply. kaçamak shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate. kaçamaklı elusive; synonyms (adj) evasive, subtle, insidious, fugitive, intangible, shifty, slippery, ambiguous, artful. kaçık daft; synonyms (adj) crazy, wacky, bonkers, demented, foolish, nutty, balmy, inane, barmy, batty, dotty, haywire, idiotic, insane, insensate; antonym (adj) sensible. kaçınılmaz inevitable; synonyms (adj) certain, ineluctable, unavoidable, inescapable, destined, fatal, fated, irresistible, irrevocable, necessary,

obvious, avoidless, predictable, unchangeable; antonyms (adj) uncertain, evitable. kaçınılmazlık urgency; synonyms (n) pressure, haste, necessity, hurry, press, insistence, stress, exigency, instancy, compulsion, importance, speed, emergency, need, rush. kaçınmak avoid; synonyms (v) shun, avert, parry, escape, evade, abstain, annul, circumvent, duck, elude, forbear, fudge, ignore, prevent, (adj) eschew; antonyms (v) confront, associate, face, tackle. kaçırmak 1. lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed, 2. miss (bayan); synonyms (v) lack, lose, jump, omit, overlook, long, neglect, skip, (n) maid, girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault, pretermit; antonym (v) perceive, 3. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, mistake, cutting, error, oversight, scion, trip, ticket, band, (v) fall, slide, glide, skid, sag, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve. kaçış 1. escape (kaçmak); synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. flight (uçuş); synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying, avolation, exodus, elopement, departure, aviation, flock, retreat, crossing, journey, (adj) bevy, drove, cloud, 3. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, guzzle, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock. kaçma escape (kaçmak); synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return. kaçmak 1. escape; synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonyms (v) capture, return, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve, 3. fly (sinek, uçmak); synonyms (v) dash, drive, flee, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, hurry, jet, (n) flap, (adj) flit, burst, insect, 4. desert (Çöl); synonyms (n) wilderness, (v) abandon, defect, ditch, forsake, relinquish, abscond, fail, (adj) waste, barren, desolate, merit, wild, worth, bleak; antonyms (n) bog, (v) stay, 5. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, operate, (n) pass, campaign, course, (adj) stream. kadar 1. so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise, 2. by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over, 3. as (gibi, Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, because, since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic. kadavra corpse; synonyms (n) cadaver, carcass, body, corse, remains, stiff, clay. kadeh glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle, drink, bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, glassful, spyglass, telescope, tumbler, window, (v) glaze, (adj) ice. kademe step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace, proceeding. kader 1. fate; synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion, accident, end, (v) doom, destine, designate, destruction, 2. destiny; synonyms (n) fate, destination, weird, circumstances, 3. fortune; synonyms (n) estate, fluke, means, abundance, assets, riches, wealth, blessing, substance, affluence, prosperity, treasure, capital, hap, hazard. kadife velvet; synonyms (n) velure, gain, profit, revenue, gratification, income, pleasure, prosperity, receipts, success, vellet, wealth, (adj) velvety, down, opulent. kadın 1. woman; synonyms (n) wife, girl, maid, womanhood, char, charwoman, soul, (obj) female, she; antonyms (n) man, gentleman, 2. female; synonyms (adj) distaff, feminine, pistillate, (n) lady, woman; antonyms (adj) masculine, (n) male, 3. broad; synonyms (adj) wide, ample, comprehensive, extensive, general, large, sweeping, vast, free, big, blanket, capacious, deep, full, inclusive; antonyms (adj) narrow, specific, thin, 4. lady (bayan); synonyms (n) dame, gentlewoman, ma'am, matron, noble, (v) squaw, 5. dame; synonyms (n) skirt, wench, bird, chick. kafa 1. head (baş); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 2. nut; synonyms (n) lunatic, crackpot, crank, eccentric, egg, freak, fruitcake, kernel, head, fruit, kook, maniac, nutcase, screwball, seed, 3. mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, mentality, conscience, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget. kafatası skull; synonyms (n) pate, noddle, head, noggin, shell, intellectual, pupil, (adj) exceptional, smart. kafes 1. cage; synonyms (n) jail, pen, hutch, cell, corral, crate, frame, gaol, enclosure, (v) confine,

251

enclose, imprison, incarcerate; antonym (v) free, 2. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak. kafile train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school. kağıt paper; synonyms (n) document, article, newspaper, discourse, newsprint, certificate, essay, journal, magazine, periodical, report, composition, form, ticket, publisher. kahkaha 1. laughter; synonyms (n) amusement, fun, laugh, merriment, hilarity, mirth, derision, happiness; antonym (n) sadness, 2. laugh (gülmek); synonyms (n) chuckle, chortle, jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle, sneer, scream, (v) joke, giggle, smile, titter, snicker, beam; antonym (v) cry. kahraman 1. hero; synonyms (n) champion, character, leader, protector, worthy, protagonist, warrior, bomber, celebrity, combatant, conqueror, defender, fighter, 2. brave (cesur); synonyms (adj) adventurous, bold, audacious, courageous, endure, fearless, hardy, intrepid, valiant, virile, confident, daring, dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj) cowardly, frightened, gutless, pathetic, (n) timid, 3. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, nature, note, part, quality, role, type, brand, constitution, description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing. kahramanca heroic; synonyms (adj) bold, brave, courageous, fearless, chivalrous, dauntless, gallant, grand, intrepid, valiant, daring, epic, heroical, imposing, impressive; antonym (adj) cowardly. kahramanlık exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply, employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance. kahvaltı breakfast; synonyms (n) banquet, dejeuner, feast, meal, mealtime, brunch, dinner, supper, (v) lunch, sup, dine, eat. kahve coffee; synonyms (n) brown, chocolate, cocoa, beige, tan, umber, (adj) auburn, brunette, russet. kahverengi brown; synonyms (adj) chocolate, swarthy, tanned, (n) brunette, brownness, tan, (v) sear, cook, fry; antonym (adj) pale.

kaide 1. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. basis; synonyms (n) base, gist, bed, beginning, footing, fundamental, root, cause, cornerstone, derivation, justification, nucleus, reason, motive, essence, 3. principle (ilke); synonyms (n) origin, method,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

252

Turkish - English

rule, doctrine, dogma, element, law, precept, tenet, integrity, canon, formula, maxim, nature, postulate. kakma push (itmek); synonyms (n) press, thrust, jolt, poke, (v) drive, impel, crowd, force, jab, jostle, nudge, prod, jam, rush, boost; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul. kalabalık 1. crowded; synonyms (adj) close, compact, congested, busy, dense, full, packed, populous, jammed, cramped, teeming, thick, tight, (n) thronged; antonyms (adj) empty, sparse, 2. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse, 3. flock (sürü); synonyms (n) crowd, band, bevy, covey, gang, herd, horde, pack, troop, cloud, batch, (v) assemble, mass, clump, collect, 4. mob; synonyms (n) rabble, company, clamor, body, group, masses, multitude, party, ring, rout, association, drove, people, (v) throng, crush, 5. host; synonyms (n) mob, legion, emcee, heap, array, battalion, innkeeper, landlord, server, beads, 6. dense (yoğun); synonyms (adj) crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy, impenetrable, solid, stupid, concentrated, dumb, firm, gross, lush, obtuse; antonyms (adj) bright, insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable, simple, 7. press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, newspaper, (v) force, coerce, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, pressure, squash, (adj) constrain. kalan 1. remainder (artık, bakiye); synonyms (n) excess, leftover, remain, remnant, end, overplus, residue, balance, oddment, rest, leftovers, relic, remains, remnants, residual, 2. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, equality, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 3. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) repose, pause, recess, relaxation, leisure, break, quiet, respite, halt, (v) nap, sleep, ease, lie, perch, abide; antonym (v) work. kalay tin; synonyms (n) can, canister, container, rhino, dust, blunt, cannister, mopus, mould, (v) pot, preserve, cure, bottle, embalm, kyanize. kalbur screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak. kalburüstü select (seçme, seçmek); synonyms (v) pick, extract, adopt, choose, elect, excellent, prefer, excerpt, assign, opt, appoint, (adj) choice, exclusive, chosen, best; antonym (v) reject. kalça hip; synonyms (n) haunch, coxa, loin, pelvis, (adj) hep, stylish, chic, in, popular. kaldırım pavement; synonyms (n) footpath, paving, walk, path, pathway, sidewalk, ground, trottoir.

kaldırma 1. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, 2. lifting; synonyms (n) raising, hoisting, rising, copying, jacking, plagiarism, restyling, bootlegging, (adj) elating, enlivening, exciting, invigorating, thrilling, bracing, breathtaking. kaldırmak 1. lift (asansör); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, 2. remove; synonyms (v) oust, take, pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete, erase, evacuate, extract, abolish, get, (adj) clear; antonyms (v) insert, install, place, 3. raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) lift, increase, build, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, exalt, excite, heighten, levy, nurture; antonym (v) lower,

4. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, annihilate, counteract, (adj) nullify; antonym (v) validate, 5. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, carry; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 6. receive (almak, kabul etmek); synonyms (v) accept, admit, assume, adopt, have, obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather, greet, hear, earn, own. kale 1. castle; synonyms (n) rook, citadel, fortification, fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion, palace, stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v) donjon, 2. goal (hedef); synonyms (n) aim, butt, design, destination, end, purpose, basket, ambition, intent, intention, object, objective, target, aspiration, limit, 3. fort; synonyms (n) castle, bastion, defense, bulwark, garrison, refuge, (v) fortify, sconce, 4. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 5. tower (burç, kule); synonyms (n) column, pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise, loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, mount, (adj) pillar. kaleci goalkeeper; synonyms (n) goalie, goaltender, netkeeper, netminder. kalem 1. item (madde, parça); synonyms (n) piece, detail, article, entry, object, point, subject, thing, affair, event, clause, component, entity, fact, (adv) also, 2. pen; synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v) enclose, confine, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English 3. pencil; synonyms (n) pen, beam, clump, cluster, gleam, group, light, (v) brush, draw, design, paint. kalibre gauge (ölçü); synonyms (n) criterion, caliber, gage, calibre, (v) estimate, measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, appraise. kalıcı permanent; synonyms (adj) durable, lasting, fixed, eternal, everlasting, fast, perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding, continual, continuing, (v) constant, continuous; antonyms (adj) fleeting, temporary, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial. kalifiye qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable, eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, proficient, able, clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited, restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total, unofficial, definite. kalın 1. thick; synonyms (adj) dense, compact, stupid, crowded, dull, heavy, opaque, slow, stocky, close, deep, dim, familiar, fat, gross; antonyms (adj) thin, intelligent, bright, sparse, clever, diluted, fine, slight, transparent, 2. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, rough, vulgar, bawdy, blunt, broad, common, earthy, harsh, rude, uncivilized, brutish; antonyms (adj) refined, smooth, sophisticated, 3. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest. kalınlık thickness; synonyms (n) density, consistency, width, layer, heaviness, body, breadth, bulk, compactness, crassitude, diameter, substance. kalıntı 1. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 2. trace (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) line, shadow, spot, clue, dash, hint, indication, mark, shade, sign, suggestion, touch, (v) track, hunt, pursue. kalıp 1. cast (atmak); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold, 2. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, example, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, copy, exemplar, formula, guide, make, 3. cake (kek); synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix, 4. model (manken, model, örnek); synonyms (n) image, dummy, prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, epitome, manikin, mannequin, original, paradigm, template, (adj) ideal, (v) pattern, imitate; antonym (adj) atypical, 5. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest,

253

balk, dam, foreclose, confine; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 6. mould; synonyms (n) mildew, molding, moulding, modeling, fit, punch, (v) forge, knead, carve, work, influence, 7. matrix (matris); synonyms (n) die, alembic, caldron, crucible, groundmass, uterus, matter, monotype, plasm, impression, mat, diagram, (v) gangue, course, gang, 8. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) arrange, ceremony, class, conformation, (v) build, constitute, establish, construct, create, do, compose, comprise, contrive, devise, generate, 9. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, cachet, emblem, earmark, hallmark, (v) imprint, print, impress, trample, characterize, note, emboss, mint, 10. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) condition, outline, fitness, body, contour, guise, mode, profile, situation, (v) determine, adjust, regulate, adapt, configure, cut. kalıt inheritance; synonyms (n) heritage, heredity, heirloom, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage, acquisition, dower, genetics, (v) descent. kalite 1. quality (nitelik); synonyms (n) nature, character, characteristic, class, condition, feature, grade, distinction, faculty, description, mark, attribute, caliber, part, peculiarity; antonym (adj) shoddy, 2. water (su, sulamak); synonyms (n) urine, moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute. kaliteli choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection, election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior. kalitesiz cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious. kalıtım inheritance (kalıt); synonyms (n) heritage, heredity, heirloom, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage, acquisition, dower, genetics, (v) descent. kalkan shield (korumak, siper); synonyms (n) screen, shelter, buffer, armor, protection, shade, (v) cover, guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend, hide, protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose. kalker limestone; synonyms (n) chalk, mineral, sandstone, stone, granite, marble. kalkınma development; synonyms (n) evolution, course, growth, improvement, increase, progress, spread, advance, augmentation, change, developing, effect, elaboration, expansion, movement; antonyms (n) deterioration, decline, neglect, decrease. kalkış departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation, divergence, parting, aberration,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

254

Turkish - English

digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance. kalkışma attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake. kalkışmak 1. dare; synonyms (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, resist, risk, disobey, (n) challenge, venture, adventure, daring, defiance, 2. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, bid, exertion, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake. kalkmak 1. arise; synonyms (v) rise, appear, ascend, emerge, issue, mount, originate, proceed, result, awake, commence, develop, emanate, ensue, follow, 2. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, advance, (v) climb, increase, heave, arise, jump, grow; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire, 3. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come. kalleş rat (sıçan); synonyms (n) grass, informer, apostate, betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg, denounce, betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal, defect, inform. kalma stay (kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. kalmak 1. stay (kalma); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart, 2. continue (sürdürmek); synonyms (v) keep, persevere, sustain, be, extend, last, maintain, persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, stay, (n) hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) end, cease, discontinue, 3. remain; synonyms (v) linger, live, exist, stick, attend, lie, detain, hang, inhabit, retain, subsist, survive, tarry, prevail, wait, 4. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) stall, undergo, suffer, tolerate, erect, accept, bear, brook, digest, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonym (v) sit, 5. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) block, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, finish, hinder, impede, intercept, (n) check, bar, curb, (adj) quit; antonyms (v) start, begin, encourage, permit. kalp heart (yürek); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux,

essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, (adj) gist; antonym (n) edge. kalýn bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest. kamara cabin (kulübe); synonyms (n) booth, hut, chamber, cot, lodge, room, shed, stall, apartment. kamarot steward; synonyms (n) custodian, keeper, waiter, warden, attendant, curator, agent, supervisor, questor, receiver. kambiyo exchange (santral); synonyms (n) commutation, swap, switch, commerce, conversion, substitute, (v) change, barter, interchange, commute, counterchange, alternate, alter, cash, convert. kamçı whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v) scourge, lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad, punish, stir, thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane. kamçılamak 1. whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v) scourge, lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad, punish, stir, thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane, 2. stimulate (teşvik etmek); synonyms (v) excite, incite, arouse, encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt, provoke, animate, awaken, drive, energize, exhilarate, hasten, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) defuse. kamer moon (ay); synonyms (n) lunation, moonlight, moonshine, satellite, epoch, bootleg, (v) daydream, dream, fantasize, bemuse, gaze, glare, meditate, (adj) quicksilver, weathercock. kamış 1. reed; synonyms (n) triangle, xylophone, arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin, jereed, jerid, lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread, 2. penis; synonyms (n) member, phallus, appendage, extremity, 3. straw (saman); synonyms (n) chaff, rush, husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew, (adj) feather, cobweb, down, dust, flue, gossamer, mote. kamp camp; synonyms (n) bivouac, encampment, faction, base, barracks, cantonment, side, sect, (v) encamp, pitch, tent, (adj) campy. kampanya campaign; synonyms (n) crusade, battle, expedition, movement, struggle, war, cause, drive, effort, (v) fight, course, canvass, run, advertize, agitate. kamu public (genel); synonyms (adj) common, national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal. kamulaştırmak impress; synonyms (v) imprint, affect, mark, move, print, inscribe, instill, touch, emboss, dent, inculcate, strike, (n) stamp, impression, press.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

255

kamusal public (genel, kamu); synonyms (adj)

kancık bitch (orospu); synonyms (n) beef, moan,

common, national, overt, civic, general, communal, mutual, popular, ordinary, (n) folk, community, people, populace, audience, (v) open; antonyms (adj) private, confidential, personal. kamyon 1. lorry; synonyms (n) dray, camion, cart, truck, waggon, wagon, wain, 2. truck; synonyms (n) traffic, car, trade, van, bogie, automobile, cap, crest, motortruck, tub, (v) exchange, barter, swap, swop, transport. kamyonet van; synonyms (n) caravan, vehicle, front, truck, vanguard, carriage, car, bus, conveyance, head, (v) automobile, train. kan 1. blood; synonyms (n) ancestry, birth, gore, descent, family, kindred, lineage, origin, beau, bloodshed, consanguinity, coxcomb, exquisite, extraction, (adj) humor, 2. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. kanaat 1. conviction; synonyms (n) assurance, belief, certainty, condemnation, confidence, persuasion, faith, trust, firmness, creed, determination, doctrine, judgment, reliance, security; antonym (n) uncertainty, 2. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) feeling, notion, idea, advice, conjecture, guess, impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel, comment, estimate, decision, conviction. kanal 1. channel; synonyms (n) canal, conduit, groove, drain, duct, line, passage, trough, waterway, aqueduct, link, hollow, (v) carry, conduct, convey, 2. canal; synonyms (n) channel, sound, adit, culvert, trench, ditch, pipe, stream, vessel, watercourse, (v) canalize, 3. drain; synonyms (n) dike, sewer, tax, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, tire, (adj) cloaca, dissipate, spill; antonym (v) bolster, 4. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, container, craft, jar, vas, bowl, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, bottle. kanalizasyon drainage (drenaj); synonyms (n) drain, drive, emanation, tapping, hydrography, (adj) arefaction, dephlegmation. kanat wing (ek bina); synonyms (n) annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar. kanatlanmak wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n) annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar. kanaviçe canvas (tuval); synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, sheet, (v) canvass, painting, tableau. kanca hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach.

cunt, hen, kick, shrew, slut, trollop, (v) gripe, complain, backbite, protest, squawk, (adj) botch. kandırma deception (aldanma); synonyms (n) deceit, illusion, trick, betrayal, delusion, fake, pretense, bluff, artifice, cheating, con, duplicity, fallacy, falsehood, (v) cheat; antonym (n) honesty. kandırmak 1. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 2. induce; synonyms (v) attract, generate, cause, tempt, impel, bring, create, draw, engender, beget, get, infer, persuade, drive, coax, 3. persuade; synonyms (v) convince, inveigle, allure, assure, cajole, entice, induce, influence, argue, exhort, lure, incite, wheedle, lead, instigate; antonyms (v) discourage, dissuade. kanepe sofa; synonyms (n) couch, lounge, bench, chair, form, stall, stool, bed, futon. kanı 1. opinion (fikir); synonyms (n) judgment, feeling, notion, idea, belief, advice, conjecture, guess, impression, meaning, mind, view, counsel, comment, estimate, 2. thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) opinion, conception, consideration, reflection, sentiment, concept, apprehension, attention, care, cogitation, design, fancy, plan, thinking; antonym (n) fact, 3. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close, end, result, cessation, completion, sequel, termination, decision, dissolution, ending, epilogue, finale, finish, (v) closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening, preface, 4. view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm, manzara); synonyms (n) look, sight, scene, outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, position, show, spectacle, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 5. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, reason, understanding, purport, (v) feel, intellect, perceive, scent, detect, brains; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish. kanıt 1. evidence; synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2. proof; synonyms (n) probation, authentication, evidence, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment, pull, reason, support, test, 3. argument (tartışma); synonyms (n) controversy, debate, matter, hassle, altercation, arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference, disagreement, discussion, fight, justification, quarrel; antonyms (n) agreement, harmony, 4. confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation, approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction, check, endorsement, averment, visa, acknowledgment, admission, statement, settlement; antonym (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

256

Turkish - English

contradiction, 5. witness; synonyms (n) spectator, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer, testifier, beholder, testify, attestant, viewer, (v) observe, notice, see, view, watch; antonym (n) participant. kanıtlama proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument, authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment. kanıtlamak 1. prove; synonyms (v) demonstrate, attest, confirm, manifest, establish, evidence, examine, show, approve, assert, authenticate, check, corroborate, essay, evince; antonym (v) disprove, 2. establish; synonyms (v) erect, prove, appoint, base, build, constitute, settle, arrange, ascertain, create, determine, fix, found, institute, begin; antonyms (v) abolish, terminate, 3. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, disclose, give, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation, pageant; antonyms (v) conceal, hide, 4. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, keep, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, bear, boost; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken. kanlı bloody; synonyms (adj) gory, bleeding, bloodthirsty, damned, murderous, raw, sanguinary, sanguine, sanguineous, savage, rare, (adv) damn; antonym (adj) bloodless. kanser cancer; synonyms (n) canker, tumor, growth, blight, corruption, curse, evil, disease, mormal, plague, poison, gangrene, (adj) leukemia, sting, thorn. kantin canteen; synonyms (n) flask, bottle, estaminet, posada, cafeteria, hall, amphora, bar, barrel, butt, caldron, carboy, cask, container, crock. kanun 1. law (hukuk, yasa); synonyms (n) rule, canon, decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment, jurisprudence, justice, order, police, principle, ruling, axiom, directive, 2. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact, feign; antonym (v) refrain, 3. statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law, ordinance, constitution, charter, code, bill, pandect, proclamation, 4. code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, key, codex, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt, 5. canon; synonyms (n) doctrine, criterion, formula, creed, prebendary, 6. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion, regulate, reign, authority, dictate, government, line, precept, (v) command, control, influence, direct, dominate, measure.

kanuni 1. lawful; synonyms (adj) legitimate, legal, just, rightful, constitutional, justifiable, licit, permissible, regular, right, true, equitable, fair, admissible, (n) allowable; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, 2. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) lawful, sound, valid, juridical, judicial, correct, sanctioned, official, authentic, effectual, healthy, heavy, (v) chartered; antonym (adj) bogus, 3. statutory; synonyms (adj) statutable, canonical. kanunsuz 1. illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden, prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful; antonyms (adj) legal, lawful, honest, legitimate, official, 2. unlawful; synonyms (adj) illegal, improper, irregular, outlaw, unfair, contraband, crooked, outlawed, unconventional, wrong. kaos chaos; synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam, clutter, disarray, disorder, jumble, mess, muddle, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, commotion, confusion, havoc, hubbub; antonyms (n) order, peace, orderliness, regulation. kap 1. container; synonyms (n) box, jar, package, basket, carton, cylinder, envelope, pan, pot, vessel, bin, parcel, cistern, barrel, bottle, 2. pot; synonyms (n) caldron, boiler, can, bucket, belly, cannabis, commode, container, flowerpot, grass, heap, jug, pile, (adj) deal, marijuana, 3. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, craft, duct, vas, bowl, canal, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, pipe. kapak 1. lid; synonyms (n) cover, top, chapeau, eyelid, hat, closure, restriction, covercle, palpebra, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover. kapalı 1. off; synonyms (adv) by, forth, beyond, over, aside, gone, abreast, (adj) away, bad, putrid, remote, down, rotten, wide, (int) out; antonyms (adj) fresh, on, 2. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, brief, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, loose, far, (v) open, start, 3. covered; synonyms (adj) hidden, veiled, concealed, covert, coated, masked, obscured, secret, shrouded, thick, wrapped, (prep) cloaked; antonyms (adj) bare, naked, 4. closed; synonyms (v) close, adjoining, attentive, (adj) blind, blocked, finished, shut, congested, fastened, exclusive, insular, stopped, airtight, benighted, black, 5. shut (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (v) bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine. kapama 1. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, 2. closure; synonyms (n) closing, close, blockade, blockage, closedown, ending, occlusion,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English stop, stoppage, plug, conclusion, end, period, (v) cloture, halt; antonym (n) inauguration. kapamak 1. close (kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. shut (kapatmak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine, 3. block (blok, tıkamak); synonyms (n) barricade, pad, clog, cluster, barrier, blocking, (v) arrest, hinder, encumber, halt, obstruct, parry, plug, blockade, (adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, 4. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 5. seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, print, brand, (v) shut, clinch, cement, settle, bolt, (adj) fix; antonym (v) unseal. kapan trap (tuzak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick, entangle, capture. kapanış closing; synonyms (adj) final, last, ultimate, concluding, terminal, (n) closure, end, finish, close, conclusion, ending, completion, shutdown, shutting, stop; antonym (n) opening. kapanma closure; synonyms (n) closing, close, blockade, blockage, closedown, ending, occlusion, stop, stoppage, plug, conclusion, end, period, (v) cloture, halt; antonym (n) inauguration. kapanmak shut (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, tight, (n) end, finish, confine; antonym (v) open. kapanmış shut (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, tight, (n) end, finish, confine; antonym (v) open. kaparo deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw. kapasite 1. capacity; synonyms (n) capability, aptitude, capacitance, function, intelligence, talent, might, dimension, content, endowment, faculty, gift, measure, position, (adj) ability; antonyms (n) inability, incapability, 2. capability (yetenek); synonyms (n) capacity, capableness, competence, potency, potential, power, qualification, aptness, efficiency, expertise, flair, potentiality, proficiency, skill, susceptibility; antonym (n) failure. Kapat close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about,

257

(n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant,

airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start. kapatma 1. closing; synonyms (adj) final, last, ultimate, concluding, terminal, (n) closure, end, finish, close, conclusion, ending, completion, shutdown, shutting, stop; antonym (n) opening, 2. closure; synonyms (n) closing, blockade, blockage, closedown, occlusion, stoppage, plug, period, block, recess, (v) cloture, halt; antonym (n) inauguration. kapatmak 1. close (kapamak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. shut (kapamak); synonyms (v) close, bar, seal, fasten, exclude, lock, (adj) closed, cut, (n) confine, 3. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 4. pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, prison, (v) enclose, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose. kapı 1. gate; synonyms (n) entrance, door, entry, mouth, doorway, exit, port, approach, threshold, gateway, opening, porch, portal, way, turnout, 2. door; synonyms (n) gate, access, entryway, hatch, inlet, wicket, chops, covercle, 3. port (liman); synonyms (n) harbor, haven, asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock, embrasure, harbour, interface, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard. kapıcı porter (hamal); synonyms (n) carrier, doorkeeper, gatekeeper, janitor, caretaker, doorman, ostiary, concierge, redcap. kapış grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch, appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch, seizure. kapital capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, paramount, prime, resources, (adj) main, primary, chief, great. kapitalist capitalist; synonyms (adj) capitalistic, commercial, consumer, (n) financier, banker, businessman, businessperson, businesswoman, employer, entrepreneur, magnate, manufacturer, tycoon, backer, boss; antonym (adj) collective. kapitalizm capitalism; synonyms (n) democracy, commercialism, competition, entrepreneurship, industrialism, mercantilism; antonyms (n) collectivism, communism, socialism. kaplama covering; synonyms (n) coating, cover, clothing, blanket, coat, casing, apparel, case,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

258

Turkish - English

concealment, wrapper, awning, canopy, crust, envelope, film. kaplamak 1. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 3. coat (palto); synonyms (n) cover, coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) sheath, plaster, glaze, finish, paint, 4. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order. kaplan tiger; synonyms (n) cat, hostler, jockey, ostler, endangered, male, mania, obsession, phobia, (adj) demon, dragon, fury, lion, manly, muscular. kapma grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch, appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch, seizure. kapmak grab; synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch, appropriate, clasp, clutch, fascinate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, (n) arrest, catch, seizure. kapsam 1. scope; synonyms (n) range, reach, domain, purview, room, expanse, area, compass, drift, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, chance, amplitude, (v) view, 2. extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension, amount, bulk, distance, boundary, breadth, dimension, gauge, length, measure, quantity, scope, space, spread, 3. comprehension; synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, understanding, wit, capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation, discernment, insight, notion; antonyms (n) misunderstanding, incomprehension. kapsama inclusion; synonyms (n) comprehension, implication, incorporation, addition, embodiment, amalgamation, assimilation, belonging, combination, epitome, integration, merger, absorption, attachment, composition; antonyms (n) exclusion, exception. kapsamak 1. include (içermek); synonyms (v) hold, comprise, contain, embody, encompass, insert, comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve, number, add, admit, enclose, have; antonym (v) exclude, 2. blanket (battaniye); synonyms (n) bedding, sheet, counterpane, covering, coverlet, (v) cloak, cover, (adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global, generic, wholesale, broad, general, 3. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, veil, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, lid, mask, shield, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 4. contain; synonyms (v) accommodate, curb, include, bear, carry, check,

confine, control, restrain, restrict, suppress, take, accept, arrest, encircle; antonym (v) express. kapsamlı 1. comprehensive; synonyms (adj) capacious, broad, extensive, inclusive, complete, detailed, exhaustive, full, large, overall, sweeping, thorough, total, universal, wide; antonyms (adj) narrow, partial, noncomprehensive, restricted, 2. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) spacious, roomy, comprehensive, ample, vast, expanded, extended, open, big, deep, expansive, liberal, thick, blanket, tolerant; antonym (adj) thin. kaptan 1. captain; synonyms (n) chief, head, leader, master, boss, chieftain, commander, commodore, guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v) govern, manage, 2. skipper; synonyms (n) captain, lieutenant, (v) navigate. kaput hood; synonyms (n) cap, bonnet, cowl, cover, hat, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug, malefactor, gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk, cowling. kar snow; synonyms (n) cocaine, coke, precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque, brig, cocain, ship, (v) beguile, overwhelm, bamboozle, hoodwink. kâr benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm. kara 1. black (siyah); synonyms (adj) dark, sable, blackamoor, bleak, darkie, dirty, ebony, evil, nigger, unclean, cheerless, squalid, (v) sinister, villainous, blacken; antonym (n) white, 2. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic. karabasan nightmare; synonyms (n) dream, incubus, fantasy, terror, bugbear, fancy, trial, vision. karaca deer (geyik); synonyms (n) stag, cervid, antelopes, bison, camels, cattle, chevrotains, fox, vixen, giraffes, goats, sheep. karaciğer liver; synonyms (n) denizen, resident. karada ashore; synonyms (adv) aground, shorewards, (adj) beached, stranded, grounded, stuck. karakalem charcoal; synonyms (n) coal, fusain, anthracite, chark, culm, (v) carbon, coke, crayons, pastel, (adj) soot, crow, raven, sloe, smut, black. karakol post (posta); synonyms (n) place, function, office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth, column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay. karakter 1. character; synonyms (n) kind, nature, note, part, quality, role, type, brand, constitution, description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, 2. fibre; synonyms (n) fiber, character, case, grapheme, lineament, persona, reference, shred, toughness, 3. self (kendi, öz); synonyms (n) ego, person, being, individual, someone,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English essence, individuality, personality, selfness, soul, (adj) same. karakteristik characteristic (özellik); synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual, typical, original, natural, representative, special, (n) badge, attribute, sign, character, feature, peculiar, peculiarity, point; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic, common. karalamak scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. karamsar low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high. karanlık 1. darkness; synonyms (n) dark, night, shade, shadow, blindness, duskiness, gloom, murk, cloud, cloudiness, dimness, gloominess, iniquity, mirk, murkiness; antonyms (n) light, brightness, lightness, 2. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, darkness, depression, dusk, dreariness, dejection, despair, despondency, grief, melancholy, misery, glumness, (v) scowl, (adj) obscurity; antonyms (n) happiness, cheerfulness, 3. obscure; synonyms (adj) cloudy, dim, gloomy, ambiguous, concealed, darken, hidden, incomprehensible, muddy, mysterious, clandestine, (v) hide, blur, conceal, confuse; antonyms (adj) clear, noticeable, simple, obvious, distinct, mainstream, (v) clarify, 4. dark (koyu); synonyms (adj) black, dismal, cheerless, obscure, blind, blue, deep, murky, sable, abstruse, cryptic, thick, benighted, bleak, (n) evening; antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, pale, pallid, sunlit, (n) day, 5. gloomy; synonyms (adj) dejected, depressing, desolate, disconsolate, downcast, dingy, downhearted, dull, funereal, sad, dispirited, depressed, despondent, doleful, drab; antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery, encouraging, happy, hopeful, 6. night (akşam, gece); synonyms (n) nighttime, twilight, (adj) nocturnal, 7. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) ghost, tail, trace, hint, apparition, follower, phantom, reflection, umbrage, silhouette, (v) eclipse, follow, overshadow, track, dog. karar 1. decision; synonyms (n) conclusion, determination, resolution, sentence, verdict, arbitration, ruling, choice, will, constancy, agreement, decisiveness, decree, (v) judgment, award, 2. decree; synonyms (n) command, act, edict, decision, dictate, finding, bylaw, directive, (v) order, decide, enact, ordain, rule, enjoin, appoint, 3. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close, end, result, cessation, completion, sequel, termination, dissolution, ending, epilogue, finale, finish, last, (v) closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening,

259

preface, 4. resolve (çözmek); synonyms (v) determine, solve, conclude, decompose, dissolve, settle, explain, melt, do, (n) purpose, firmness, answer, analyze, resoluteness, dissect; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 5. resolution; synonyms (n) resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis, fortitude, perseverance, settlement, dissection, conversion, courage, explanation, breakdown, motion, steadfastness, declaration; antonym (n) indecisiveness, 6. verdict, 7. judgement; synonyms (n) discretion, assessment, discernment, opinion, belief, judging, mind, perspicacity, sagacity, 8. award; synonyms (n) accolade, decoration, medal, prize, commendation, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer, honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 9. finding; synonyms (n) detection, discovery, breakthrough, find, 10. sentence (tümce); synonyms (n) condemnation, conviction, phrase, penalty, punishment, dictum, (v) condemn, convict, doom, judge, damn, adjudge, saying, proscribe, adjudicate. kararlaştırılmış fixed (değişmez, sabit); synonyms (adj) determined, definite, steady, constant, durable, certain, decided, determinate, established, fast, fastened, intent, permanent, (v) stable, (adv) firm; antonyms (adj) flexible, adaptable, adjustable, changeable, movable, separate, variable, compliant, loose, moveable, portable, removable, temporary. kararlaştırmak 1. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange, set, clamp, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 2. determine; synonyms (v) decide, resolve, appoint, adjudicate, conclude, measure, specify, designate, decree, assess, choose, detect, estimate, fix, judge, 3. arrange (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) dress, order, pack, adapt, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, provide, put, reconcile, straighten, display; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 4. decide; synonyms (v) try, arbitrate, purpose, rule, select, deem, consider, end, figure, finalize, find, opt, solve; antonym (v) waver, 5. settle; synonyms (v) place, clarify, pay, regulate, drop, explain, fall, subside, accommodate, negotiate, sit, stay, calm, complete, (n) locate. kararlı 1. decisive; synonyms (adj) conclusive, critical, crucial, decided, definite, final, important, positive, authoritative, convincing, definitive, determined, (v) absolute, categorical, determinate; antonyms (adj) indecisive, uncertain, unsure, weak, 2. determined; synonyms (adj) constant, resolute, certain, decisive, inflexible, resolved, stubborn, ambitious, adamant, bold, firm, obstinate, set, tenacious, unyielding; antonyms (adj) irresolute, feeble, unmotivated, 3. decided; synonyms (v) clear, emphatic, marked, settled, unqualified, (adj) distinct, unmistakable, fixed, peremptory,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

260

Turkish - English

unequivocal, finished, stark, sure; antonym (adj) undecided, 4. stable; synonyms (adj) permanent, reliable, durable, fast, lasting, secure, stationary, enduring, hard, persistent, solid, sound, steady, immovable, immobile; antonyms (adj) unstable, shaky, wobbly, dangerous, precarious, rickety, volatile, 5. resolved; synonyms (adj) intent, solved, bent. kararlılık 1. stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise, equilibrium, solidity, balance, stableness, strength, endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance, steadiness; antonym (n) instability, 2. determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment, assessment, courage, fortitude, grit, judgment, (v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness, 3. decision (karar); synonyms (n) determination, sentence, verdict, arbitration, ruling, choice, agreement, decree, discrimination, finality, finding, result, (v) doom, 4. resolution; synonyms (n) answer, purpose, solution, decomposition, analysis, dissolution, perseverance, resoluteness, settlement, dissection, conversion, explanation, breakdown, motion, steadfastness. kararmak dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten. kararname decree; synonyms (n) command, act, edict, decision, dictate, finding, judgment, verdict, (v) order, award, decide, enact, ordain, rule, will. kararsız 1. inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous, incoherent, incompatible, contrary, absurd, conflicting, inconsequent, discordant, discrepant, erratic, illogical, irreconcilable, abhorrent, changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms (adj) consistent, constant, reliable, 2. variable (değişken); synonyms (adj) unstable, fickle, inconstant, capricious, fitful, mutable, uncertain, unsettled, unsteady, fluctuating, inconsistent, shifting, variant, versatile, volatile; antonyms (adj) fixed, invariable, regular, set, smooth, 3. uncertain; synonyms (adj) ambiguous, doubtful, dubious, questionable, vague, chancy, equivocal, indistinct, precarious, suspicious, unsafe, unsure, variable, debatable, (v) indefinite; antonyms (adj) certain, definite, clear, decisive, sure, decided, inevitable, safe, strong-minded, unquestionable, 4. unstable; synonyms (adj) insecure, shaky, unsound, fluid, unpredictable, irresolute, unreliable, changeful, rickety, unbalanced, wobbly, neurotic, perilous, uneasy, (v) perishable; antonyms (adj) stable, steady.

kararsızlık instability; synonyms (n) fickleness, fluctuation, flightiness, unreliability, flux, changeability, inconstancy, unbalance, unrest, unstableness, vacillation, volatility, disorder, imbalance, (adj) fugacity; antonyms (n) stability, calm. karartmak 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 2. fog (sis); synonyms (n) haze, vapor, brume, confusion, daze, damp, smoke, cloudiness, fogginess, (v) mist, confuse, dim, becloud, befog, hide, 3. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, overshadow, track. karavan caravan; synonyms (n) train, carriage, van, column, conveyance, expedition, journey, parade, party, vehicle, camels, (v) procession, cortege, file, cavalcade. karaya ashore; synonyms (adv) aground, shorewards, (adj) beached, stranded, grounded, stuck. karayolu 1. highway (anayol); synonyms (n) road, highroad, way, course, path, route, street, thoroughfare, 2. road (yol); synonyms (n) passage, track, avenue, highway, line, approach, direction, roadway, walk, access, artery, itinerary, means, method, pathway. karbon carbon; synonyms (n) coke, coal, anthracite, carbonado, duplicate, facsimile, replica, reproduction, culm, forgery, image, (v) copy, counterfeit, imitate, (adj) equivalent. kardeş 1. brother; synonyms (n) fellow, pal, associate, buddy, chum, companion, compeer, comrade, counterpart, crony, friend, mate, monk, peer, sidekick; antonym (n) sister, 2. sister (hemşire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, twin, baby, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis. kare 1. square; synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just, 2. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, build, fashion, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive. kareli checked; synonyms (adj) checkered, chequered, plaid, backward, curbed, intermittent, limited, numbered, pent-up, safe, silent, tartan, temperate. kargaşa 1. disorder (düzensizlik); synonyms (n) ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble, muddle, chaos, commotion, confusion, disarrangement, disturbance, (v) derange, disarray, confuse, perturb; antonyms (n) orderliness, calm, peace, (v) order, 2. chaos (kaos); synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam, disorder, mess, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, havoc, hubbub, hullabaloo,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English mayhem, shambles, tumult, turmoil, (adj) imbroglio; antonym (n) regulation, 3. disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, brawl, derangement, dislocation, disruption, upset, din, affray, annoyance, bother, perturbation, rumpus, stir, upheaval, (adj) trouble, 4. confusion; synonyms (n) bewilderment, distraction, bustle, huddle, complication, embarrassment, flurry, fog, litter, maze, mistake, muss, perplexity, tangle, promiscuity; antonym (n) clarity. kargo cargo; synonyms (n) burden, loading, freight, wares, consignment, freightage, goods, haul, lading, merchandise, payload, shipment, weight, (adj) load, bushel. karı 1. wife (eş); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband, 2. dame; synonyms (n) female, gentlewoman, girl, ma'am, skirt, wench, bird, chick, 3. woman (kadın); synonyms (n) wife, maid, womanhood, char, charwoman, soul, (obj) she; antonyms (n) man, gentleman. karın 1. belly (göbek); synonyms (n) abdomen, stomach, inside, bowels, intestines, waist, entrails, gut, paunch, venter, (v) balloon, swell, billow, bloat, bulge, 2. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, maw, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest. karışık 1. mixed (karma); synonyms (adj) miscellaneous, assorted, composite, heterogeneous, integrated, medley, impure, amalgamated, diverse, intermingled, motley, varied, indiscriminate, (v) blended, mingled; antonyms (adj) homogeneous, insular, pure, 2. complicated; synonyms (adj) complex, intricate, elaborate, hard, complicate, awkward, convoluted, deep, difficult, knotty, obscure, sophisticated, tortuous, tricky, (v) involved; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward, clear, easy. karışıklık 1. disorder (düzensizlik); synonyms (n) ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble, muddle, chaos, commotion, confusion, disarrangement, disturbance, (v) derange, disarray, confuse, perturb; antonyms (n) orderliness, calm, peace, (v) order, 2. disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement, dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, din, affray, annoyance, bother, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3. chaos (kaos); synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam, mess, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, havoc, hubbub, hullabaloo, mayhem, shambles, unrest, (adj) imbroglio; antonym (n) regulation, 4. mess; synonyms (n) difficulty, hodgepodge, jam, scrape, dilemma, dirt, mash, miscellany, muss, pickle, predicament, tangle, fix, (v) botch, soil, 5.

261

confusion; synonyms (n) bewilderment, distraction, bustle, huddle, complication, embarrassment, flurry, fog, litter, maze, mistake, perplexity, promiscuity, astonishment, consternation; antonym (n) clarity, 6. jungle; synonyms (n) bush, forest, snarl, wood, woodland, labyrinth, (adj) wilderness. karışım 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine, compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate, 2. mixture; synonyms (n) mix, assortment, hodgepodge, jumble, medley, miscellany, admixture, combination, commixture, compost, melange, amalgam, brew, fusion, intermixture. karışma 1. interference (girişim); synonyms (n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism, intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision, 2. intervention (araya girme); synonyms (n) interference, intermediation, intervene, arbitration, intermission, (adj) mediation, interposition, 3. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine, compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate. karışmak 1. interfere; synonyms (v) intercede, obstruct, disturb, conflict, clash, hinder, impede, intervene, meddle, tamper, interrupt, contravene, encroach, (n) interpose, (adj) intermeddle, 2. intervene; synonyms (v) interfere, mediate, arbitrate, interject, intermediate, 3. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine, compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate. karışmış mixed (karışık, karma); synonyms (adj) miscellaneous, assorted, composite, heterogeneous, integrated, medley, impure, amalgamated, diverse, intermingled, motley, varied, indiscriminate, (v) blended, mingled; antonyms (adj) homogeneous, insular, pure. karıştırma 1. mixture; synonyms (n) mix, alloy, concoction, assortment, blend, hodgepodge, jumble, medley, miscellany, admixture, combination, commixture, compound, compost, melange, 2. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, (v) intermingle, mingle, combine, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix, immingle, associate, coalesce, confuse; antonym (v) separate, 3. implication; synonyms (n) allusion, hint, significance, consequence, deduction, entailment, import, innuendo, meaning, sense, suggestion, purport, complicity, corollary, (adj) complication. karıştırmak 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

262

Turkish - English

combine, compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate, 2. disorder (düzensizlik); synonyms (n) ailment, complaint, clutter, disease, jumble, muddle, chaos, commotion, confusion, disarrangement, disturbance, (v) derange, disarray, confuse, perturb; antonyms (n) orderliness, calm, peace, (v) order, 3. disturb; synonyms (v) agitate, disconcert, disorder, disquiet, distract, distress, trouble, annoy, bother, commove, concern, disarrange, discompose, disrupt, upset; antonyms (v) arrange, please, smooth, soothe, 4. involve; synonyms (v) imply, contain, affect, embrace, entail, implicate, comprise, complicate, demand, encompass, engage, envelop, include, tangle, (n) entangle; antonym (v) exclude, 5. stir; synonyms (v) arouse, budge, move, rouse, excite, inspire, go, cause, foment, (n) movement, excitement, agitation, fuss, riot, (adj) bustle. kariyer career; synonyms (n) calling, race, profession, vocation, business, craft, life, occupation, pursuit, (adj) job, occupational, (v) course, dash, speed, fly. kârlı beneficial; synonyms (adj) advantageous, favorable, fruitful, handy, profitable, useful, expedient, gainful, good, healthy, productive, propitious, salutary, serviceable, wholesome; antonyms (adj) useless, disadvantageous, harmful. karma 1. mixed (karışık); synonyms (adj) miscellaneous, assorted, composite, heterogeneous, integrated, medley, impure, amalgamated, diverse, intermingled, motley, varied, indiscriminate, (v) blended, mingled; antonyms (adj) homogeneous, insular, pure, 2. composite; synonyms (adj) aggregate, mixed, (n) complex, amalgam, blend, mix, combination, alloy, complicated, mixture, synthesis, (v) compound. karmakarışık intricate; synonyms (adj) complex, complicated, difficult, involved, knotty, hard, tricky, convoluted, elaborate, entangled, inextricable, obscure, tortuous, knotted, (n) composite; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward. karmaşa complexity; synonyms (n) complication, intricacy, complex, convolution, complexness, confusion, muddle, character, combination, complexion, depth, embarrassment, imbroglio, insight, (adj) entanglement; antonyms (n) simplicity, clarity. karmaşık 1. complex; synonyms (adj) composite, complicate, abstruse, difficult, elaborate, intricate, knotty, abstract, tricky, multifarious, complicated, compound, convoluted, (n) obsession, combination; antonyms (adj) simple, basic, straightforward, clear, plain, 2. complicated; synonyms (adj) complex, hard, awkward, deep, obscure, sophisticated, tortuous, circuitous, detailed, indirect, (v) involved; antonym (adj) easy.

karmaşıklık complexity; synonyms (n) complication, intricacy, complex, convolution, complexness, confusion, muddle, character, combination, complexion, depth, embarrassment, imbroglio, insight, (adj) entanglement; antonyms (n) simplicity, clarity. karo diamond (elmas); synonyms (n) adamant, lozenge, infield, rhombus, square, rectangle, (adj) jewel, bijou. karşı 1. opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 2. contrary; synonyms (adj) opposite, conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant, unfriendly, balky, (n) antithesis, converse, 3. counter (sayaç); synonyms (n) buffet, bench, counterpunch, desk, heel, (v) reply, contradict, resist, answer, react, respond, retort, thwart, disprove, oppose. karşıda opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar.

karşılama 1. reception (alma, kabul, resepsiyon); synonyms (n) receipt, acceptance, admission, entertainment, greeting, party, receiving, adoption, getting, salutation, acceptation, comprehension, admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree, 2. compensation; synonyms (n) amends, recompense, allowance, indemnification, reward, price, atonement, emolument, fee, pay, redress, refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage, 3. welcome (hoş geldiniz); synonyms (adj) acceptable, pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, enjoyable, (v) accept, greet, invite, receive, hail, entertain, (n) salute, hospitality, reception, embrace; antonyms (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, (v) reject. karşılamak 1. meet; synonyms (v) converge, find, assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill, gather, answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut, concur, adjoin, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid, disperse, diverge, 2. compensate; synonyms (v) balance, pay, recompense, reimburse, counterbalance, recoup, remunerate, repay, reward, cover, correct, expiate, indemnify, offset, redeem, 3. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease, assuage, convince, delight, execute, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify. karşılaşma 1. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. encounter; synonyms (n) collision, combat, battle, conflict, contest, action, brush, confrontation, impact, (v) confront, experience, face, find, rencounter, detect; antonym (v) retreat, 3. event (olay); synonyms (n) affair, case, consequence, effect, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact, happening, incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance, 4. meeting; synonyms (n) confluence, convention, gathering, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, appointment, caucus, encounter, junction, convocation, conclave, forum; antonym (n) divergence. karşılaşmak encounter; synonyms (n) collision, combat, battle, conflict, contest, action, brush, confrontation, impact, (v) clash, confront, experience, face, find, rencounter; antonym (v) retreat. karşılaştırma 1. comparison; synonyms (n) analogy, compare, likeness, resemblance, comparing, contrast, correspondence, parallel, similarity, connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability, (prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity, 2. analogy (benzerlik, örnekseme); synonyms (n) semblance, agreement, parity, affinity, comparison. karşılaştırmak 1. compare; synonyms (v) collate, liken, confront, comparison, equate, associate, contrast, correlate, equal, equalize, parallel, resemble, (n) comparability, 2. confront; synonyms (v) face, front, oppose, challenge, approach, brave, defy, affront, play, compare, dare, encounter, meet, resist, withstand; antonyms (v) avoid, evade.

karşılık 1. answer (cevap, cevap vermek); synonyms (n) reply, respond, retort, return, solution, defense, echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve, acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay; antonyms (v) question, ask, 2. equivalent (eşdeğer); synonyms (adj) equal, comparable, alike, analogous, even, corresponding, identical, like, matching, same, equipollent, commensurate, (n) counterpart, match, (v) consideration; antonyms (adj) unlike, (n) different, dissimilar, 3. reply (cevap); synonyms (n) answer, rejoinder, response, reaction, repay, replication, repartee, comeback, (v) react, rejoin, say, 4. response (cevap, yanıt); synonyms (n) reception, effect, chant, chaunt, hymn, (v) endurance, experience, (adj) sympathy, cordiality, fraternization, rapprochement, 5. consideration; synonyms (n) concern, respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account, cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact, thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 6. payment (ödeme); synonyms (n) compensation, bonus, charge, cost, defrayal, expense, recompense, remuneration, installment, deposit, contribution,

263

defrayment, duty, fee, (adj) penalty; antonym (n) non-payment, 7. return (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (n) yield, refund, restitution, proceeds, income, revenue, profit, (v) recur, reimburse, render, restoration, restore, reinstate, requite, revert; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 8. repayment; synonyms (n) payment, revenge, amends, rebate, reimbursement, retribution, reward, reparation, settlement, (v) quittance, 9. reward (ödül); synonyms (n) guerdon, wage, bribe, premium, award, payoff, price, punishment, requital, bounty, (v) meed, prize, compensate, honor, remunerate; antonym (v) punish. karşılıklı mutual (ortak); synonyms (adj) reciprocal, common, communal, joint, bilateral, collective, public, alternate, concerted, shared, united, commutual, interchangeable; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, one-sided, private. karşısında opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar. karşıt 1. opposite; synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 2. contrary; synonyms (adj) opposite, conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse, discordant, unfriendly, balky, (n) antithesis, converse. karşıtlık 1. opposition; synonyms (n) contrast, conflict, antithesis, contrary, contrariety, antagonism, enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite, competition, contradiction, antagonist, antipathy, aversion; antonym (n) consent, 2. contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) comparison, distinction, difference, variation, collation, dissimilarity, divergence, line, (v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint, differentiate; antonym (n) similarity. kart card; synonyms (n) bill, board, ticket, label, carte, menu, notice, placard, postal, scorecard, wit, (v) tease. kartal eagle; synonyms (n) colors, labarum, oriflamb, oriflamme, aviator, flag, pilot, streamer, (adj) antelope, chickaree, chipmunk, courser, doe, gazelle, greyhound. kartel combine; synonyms (v) amalgamate, associate, blend, affiliate, fuse, attach, piece, aggregate, coalesce, incorporate, join, league, merge, (n) cartel, combination; antonym (v) separate. karton cardboard; synonyms (n) card, (adj) flimsy, paper, ponderous, unlifelike, fragile, light, slight, tenuous, thin.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

264

Turkish - English

kartpostal postcard; synonyms (n) epistle, letter, mail. karyola bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting. kas muscle (adale); synonyms (n) brawn, potency, sinew, might, power, strength, force, energy, flesh, beef, physique, musculus, tendon, (adj) nerve, stamina. kaş brow; synonyms (n) peak, brink, height, crown, edge, eyebrow, forehead, front, rim, summit, top, verge, landing. kasa 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. safe; synonyms (adj) secure, reliable, cautious, dependable, good, harmless, innocuous, sound, correct, innocent, inoffensive, certain, stable, (n) closet, coffer; antonyms (adj) dangerous, unsafe, hurt, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, harmful, insecure, reckless, 3. till; synonyms (prep) until, unto, (n) drawer, tiller, cashbox, (v) cultivate, plow, hoe, farm, dig, turn. kasaba town (kent, şehir); synonyms (n) city, borough, township, village, community, burgh, townspeople, civilization, metropolis, (adj) municipal, urban, local. kasap butcher; synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay. kase bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container, hollow, stadium, arena, depression, bowlful, trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle. kaset cassette; synonyms (n) tape, copy, demo, footage, record, recording, soundtrack, video, videocassette, videotape, collection, compilation. kaşık spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful, shovel, trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog. kaşıklamak spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful, shovel, trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog. kasılmak contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, (v) covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch. kaşımak scratch (çizik); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. kaşınmak scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. kasırga hurricane; synonyms (n) gale, storm, tempest, cyclone, squall, tornado, twister, whirlwind.

kasıt 1. intention (maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) idea, aim, end, intent, design, drift, goal, purpose, cause, animus, mind, motive, object, objective, plan, 2. intent (amaç, niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed, rapt, eager, (n) intention, import, meaning, spirit, point, purport, ambition, 3. purpose (amaç, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) effect, resolve, determination, function, decision, destination, aspiration, reason, use, occasion, (v) project, intend, propose, decide, mean. kasıtlı deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated, circumspect, slow, thoughtful, conscious, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous. kasıtsız unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary, unaware, ignorant, subconscious, unwitting, oblivious, automatic, insensible, instinctive, senseless, unintentional, spontaneous, innocent, unknowing, unacquainted; antonyms (adj) conscious, awake, deliberate. kask helmet; synonyms (n) casque, helm, hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor, aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate, brigandine, buckler. kasket cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat, limit, surpass, better. kastanyola trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix. kasten deliberately; synonyms (adv) advisedly, consciously, purposely, designedly, intentionally, knowingly, leisurely, carefully, circumspectly, slowly; antonyms (adv) unintentionally, accidentally, involuntarily, arbitrarily, automatically, furtively.

kastetmek 1. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average, contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind, 2. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance, 3. intend; synonyms (v) destine, mean, determine, contemplate, consider, believe, import, calculate, designate, meditate, propose, signify, think, compass, (n) purport, 4. purpose (amaç, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) mind, effect, end, resolve, motive, determination, function, goal, meaning, objective, cause, decision, (v) intention, project, object.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

265

kasti 1. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated,

katar train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim,

circumspect, slow, thoughtful, conscious, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 2. conscious (bilinçli); synonyms (adj) aware, alive, cognizant, deliberate, mindful, premeditated, intended, discerning, selfconscious, intentional, knowing, knowledgeable, known, purposeful, sensible; antonyms (adj) unconscious, unaware, ignorant.

coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school. katedral cathedral; synonyms (n) church, minster, temple, basilica, chantry, chapel, conventicle, kirk, meetinghouse, oratory, tabernacle, (adj) cathedralic, official, parochial. kategori category (ulam); synonyms (n) class, denomination, division, kind, type, variety, form, group, level, sort, cohort, plight, brand, breed, classification. kati 1. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, (v) accurate, close, demand, require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 2. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. final (son); synonyms (adj) conclusive, decisive, extreme, latter, definitive, last, ultimate, irrevocable, decided, concluding, eventual, net, peremptory, firm, dying; antonyms (adj) first, opening, preliminary, 4. precise (tam); synonyms (adj) exact, minute, certain, delicate, neat, particular, ceremonious, clear, distinct, faithful, fastidious, formal, meticulous, punctilious, specific; antonym (adj) rough. katı 1. solid; synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid, 2. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 3. rigid; synonyms (adj) harsh, inflexible, stiff, set, strict, exacting, formal, rigorous, stern, tense, tight, determined, resolute, immovable, precise; antonyms (adj) flexible, elastic, 4. firm; synonyms (n) company, business, (adj) constant, stable, solid, steadfast, steady, decisive, rigid, stubborn, sturdy, enduring, adamant, (v) faithful, durable; antonyms (adj) irresolute, weak, hesitant, limp, 5. stiff; synonyms (adj) numb, awkward, buckram, ceremonious, potent, prim, starchy, unbending, high, (n) stark, cadaver, corpse, body, remains, carcass; antonyms (adj) relaxed, floppy, supple, free, pliable, 6. strict; synonyms (adj) correct, accurate, scrupulous, meticulous, grim, perfect, relentless, punctual, careful, just, fastidious, religious, brutal, demanding, (v) exact; antonyms (adj) lenient, lax, imprecise, negligent.

kasvet 1. depression (bunalım, çöküntü); synonyms (n) basin, cavity, dejection, decline, dent, dip, hole, hollow, impression, slump, trench, trough, drop, recess, collapse; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, happiness, boom, elation, encouragement, inflation, outcrop, 2. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, dark, darkness, depression, dimness, dusk, cloud, dreariness, despair, despondency, grief, melancholy, misery, (adj) obscurity; antonyms (n) light, brightness. kasvetli 1. gloomy; synonyms (adj) dark, black, cheerless, dejected, depressing, desolate, disconsolate, dismal, downcast, dim, dingy, downhearted, dull, funereal, melancholy; antonyms (adj) bright, cheerful, cheery, encouraging, happy, hopeful, light, 2. bleak (soğuk); synonyms (adj) austere, bare, barren, cold, dreary, murky, raw, bald, bitter, gloomy, grim, harsh, inhospitable, severe, stark; antonyms (adj) lush, mild, sunny. kat 1. multiple; synonyms (adj) manifold, many, complex, diverse, populous, compound, multiplex, multiplied, multitudinous, various, (n) coefficient; antonym (adj) simple, 2. layer (katman); synonyms (n) coat, course, coating, cover, film, level, ply, stratum, crust, covering, floor, mantle, row, tier, (v) pile, 3. floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n) bed, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground, platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify; antonym (n) top, 4. story; synonyms (n) history, account, narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, legend, novel, stage, storey, explanation; antonym (n) truth, 5. covering; synonyms (n) clothing, blanket, casing, apparel, case, concealment, wrapper, awning, canopy, envelope, screen, shell, clothes, (adj) over, protective, 6. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, equal, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, high-pitched, bumpy, 7. coat (palto); synonyms (n) fur, jacket, bark, peel, pelt, wrap, (v) cloak, sheath, plaster, glaze, finish, paint, plate, spread, varnish. katalog catalogue; synonyms (n) catalog, list, bill, schedule, roll, inventory, (v) register, sort.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

266

Turkish - English

katıksız 1. absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional,

categorical, full, real, unqualified, utter, actual, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 2. pure (arı, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked. katil 1. murderer; synonyms (n) assassin, cutthroat, killer, manslayer, slayer, liquidator, (v) butcher, terrorist, 2. killer; synonyms (n) murderer, grampus, poison, marauder, orca, playboy, (adj) murderous, deadly, fatal, competitive, lethal, ruthless, virulent, bloodthirsty, dangerous, 3. butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) botch, bungler, meatman, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, bungle, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay. katılaşmak cake (kek); synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix. katılaştırmak steel (çelik); synonyms (n) harden, blade, brand, brace, foil, fortify, sword, invigorate, strengthen, (adj) iron, adamant, (v) nerve, temper, gird. katılım accession; synonyms (n) addition, acceptance, augmentation, increase, access, accretion, acquisition, agreement, arrival, assent, coming, entrance, increment. katılımcı participant; synonyms (n) contestant, entrant, party, player, actor, partner, assistant, entry, applicant, candidate, contender, enemy, enthusiast, fighter, follower; antonyms (n) onlooker, viewer. katılma participation; synonyms (n) involvement, interest, contribution, attendance, complicity, communion, association, connection, affair, concert, concurrence, engagement, voice.

katılmak 1. join (birleşmek, birleştirmek); synonyms (v) connect, unite, associate, combine, link, graft, assemble, affiliate, attach, meet, affix, annex, conjoin, converge, (n) bond; antonyms (v) detach, secede, separate, split, undo, 2. attend; synonyms (v) accompany, assist, escort, serve, advert, aid, conduct, follow, hear, help, listen, look, minister, (n) tend, doctor. katip secretary (sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor, repository, (v) amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener. kâtip clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener. katışıksız pure (arı, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure,

contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked. katiyen never (asla, hiçbir zaman); synonyms (adv) ne'er, nevermore, nor, tomorrow; antonym (adv) always. katiyet certainty; synonyms (n) assurance, confidence, sureness, trust, certain, certitude, conviction, fact, reality, security, surety, truth, belief, authenticity, assuredness; antonyms (n) doubt, uncertainty, unpredictability. katkı contribution; synonyms (n) allowance, donation, gift, offering, share, tax, effort, dues, endowment, grant, investment, part, participation, payment, present. katlanma bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim, behavior, comportment. katlanmak 1. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 2. tolerate; synonyms (v) let, permit, allow, stomach, support, sustain, undergo, admit, have, submit, bide, withstand, pay, swallow, grant, 3. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, acquit, afford, apply, assume, behave, comport, conduct, convey, hold, produce, teem, wear, turn, face, 4. face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back. katletmek butcher (kasap); synonyms (n) assassin, botch, bungler, meatman, murderer, slaughterer, blunderer, botcher, bumbler, (v) assassinate, slaughter, kill, massacre, murder, slay. katliam massacre; synonyms (n) slaughter, carnage, butchery, bloodshed, killing, defeat, destruction, (v) murder, exterminate, kill, annihilate, butcher, slay, assassinate, decimate. katma addition (toplama); synonyms (n) accession, accessory, addendum, extension, increase, accretion, afterthought, annex, appendage, attachment, augmentation, complement, extra, gain, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal, estimation. katmak 1. add (eklemek, toplamak); synonyms (v) calculate, include, join, total, figure, lend, mix, divide, subtract, gather, accumulate, adjoin, affix, annex, (n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 2. integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate, blend, combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate, embody, merge, unify, unite, coalesce, commingle, desegregate; antonyms (v) separate, exclude, segregate, 3. include (içermek, kapsamak); synonyms (v) hold, comprise, contain, encompass,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English insert, comprehend, embrace, implicate, involve, number, add, admit, enclose, have, imply. katman layer; synonyms (n) coat, course, coating, cover, film, level, ply, stratum, crust, covering, floor, mantle, row, tier, (v) pile. katsayı factor (çarpan, etmen); synonyms (n) agent, component, broker, divisor, element, ingredient, part, deputy, consideration, feature, parameter, point, delegate, item, (adj) constituent. kauçuk rubber; synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize. kaval pipe (boru, pipo); synonyms (n) tube, conduit, channel, duct, flue, hose, passage, pipage, (v) cry, peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak. kavalcı piper; synonyms (n) bagpiper, fiddler, fifer, harper, trumpeter, pepper. kavanoz jar; synonyms (n) jangle, blow, crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt, clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce. kavga fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal. kavgacı 1. fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler, belligerent, champion, soldier, warrior, militant, activist, crusader, 2. aggressive; synonyms (adj) active, energetic, enterprising, hostile, invasive, offensive, pushy, warlike, strong, strenuous, assertive, dynamic, pugnacious, pushful, pushing; antonyms (adj) peaceful, friendly, peaceable, passive, peace-loving, suspicious. kavis 1. curve (eğri); synonyms (n) bend, crook, bow, arc, curvature, kink, round, bender, (v) curl, turn, arch, hook, wind, distort, (adj) flex, 2. bow; synonyms (n) curve, obeisance, stem, vault, (v) stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, defer, kneel, nod, submit, bob, 3. arc (ark, yay); synonyms (n) crescent, spark, sweep. kavram 1. concept; synonyms (n) conception, notion, belief, idea, theory, view, vision, construct, impression, opinion, perception, thought, 2. conception (fikir); synonyms (n) concept, creation, mind, apprehension, comprehension, design, fancy, image, imagination, invention, understanding, initiation, appreciation, awareness, conceit; antonym (n) misconception, 3. notion; synonyms (n) feeling, caprice, guess, hunch, conjecture, consideration, inkling, suspicion, whim, impulse, effect, fantasy, hint, sense, (v) judgment. kavrama 1. comprehension; synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, grasp, inclusion, intelligence, knowledge, understanding, wit, capacity, familiarity, acumen, appreciation, discernment, insight, notion; antonyms (n) misunderstanding, incomprehension, 2. grip

267

(kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v) hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab, grapple; antonyms (v) bore, release, 3. insight; synonyms (n) vision, penetration, perception, brainwave, acquaintance, idea, acuteness, clairvoyance, foresight, judgment, ken, sense, awareness, brainstorm, experience, 4. grasp; synonyms (n) grip, comprehension, reach, (v) comprehend, conceive, capture, compass, dig, snatch, understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb, appreciate. kavramak 1. grip (yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v) grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 2. grab (kapmak); synonyms (v) capture, get, snatch, appropriate, grapple, rob, seize, assume, attract, confiscate, gripe, plunder, (n) arrest, seizure, collar, 3. grasp; synonyms (n) grip, appreciation, apprehension, comprehension, reach, (v) comprehend, conceive, compass, dig, sense, understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb, 4. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope, area, circle, circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit, boundary, capacity, (v) round, accomplish, achieve, (adv) beset, 5. bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch, 6. understand (anlamak); synonyms (v) interpret, recognize, hear, learn, realize, see, appreciate, believe, construe, deduce, perceive, read, translate, discern, (adj) take; antonyms (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand. kavramsal conceptual; synonyms (adj) theoretical, intangible.

kavrayış 1. apprehension (anlayış, korku); synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, confidence, calmness, 2. understanding (anlaşma); synonyms (n) intellect, mind, reason, agreement, apprehension, bargain, deal, judgment, sense, sympathy, arrangement, contract, grasp, (v) intelligence, discernment; antonyms (n) ignorance, bewilderment, disbelief. kavşak junction; synonyms (n) confluence, joint, connection, meeting, interchange, articulation, combination, join, conjunction, crossroads, union, bond, contact, linkage, crossing. kaya rock; synonyms (n) boulder, calculus, pillar, (v) jar, sway, cradle, jolt, shake, toss, waver, quake, pitch, reel, (adj) pebble, stone. kayağantaş slate; synonyms (n) list, plank, platform, ballot, catalogue, (v) condemn, foolscap, paper,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

268

Turkish - English

papyrus, parchment, censure, schedule, criticize, nominate, program. kayak ski; synonym (n) skis. kayalık rocky; synonyms (adj) hard, unstable, rough, shaky, craggy, flinty, stony, wobbly, unsteady, harsh, insecure, obdurate, rugged, bouldered, bouldery. kayan floating; synonyms (adj) drifting, buoyant, aimless, current, loose, (adv) afloat. kaybetmek lose; synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed. kaybolmak lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed. kaybolmuş lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing, abandoned, (adj) doomed, forlorn, extinct, hopeless, bewildered, disoriented, forgotten, helpless, broken, confused, irrecoverable, absent; antonyms (adj) present, found, existing. Kaydet save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, hoard, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste. kaydetme registration; synonyms (n) enrollment, registering, enrolment, entering, entry, register, record, registry, adjustment, readjustment.

kaydetmek 1. record (dosya, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, 2. register; synonyms (n) record, inventory, catalogue, roll, annals, index, listing, (v) enroll, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, catalog, display, 3. enter (girmek); synonyms (v) embark, input, arrive, come, accede, attack, begin, board, enrol, insert, introduce, participate, penetrate, pierce, appear; antonyms (v) leave, depart, delete, exit, 4. book (kitap); synonyms (n) bible, journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript, textbook, copy, (v) order, reserve, apply, arrest, hire. kaydırak slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. kaydırmak slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. kaygı 1. anxiety (endişe); synonyms (n) alarm, care, disquiet, fear, solicitude, trouble, anguish,

anxiousness, concern, uneasiness, worry, worriment, pain, agitation, burden; antonyms (n) calmness, bravery, calm, confidence, 2. fear (korkmak, korku); synonyms (n) apprehension, awe, dismay, doubt, consternation, foreboding, fright, trepidation, anxiety, fearfulness, intimidation, (v) dread, reverence, affright, apprehend; antonyms (n) fearlessness, reassurance, 3. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, bother, matter, company, firm, part, (v) affect, interest, import, involve, pertain, relate; antonym (v) unconcern, 4. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) torment, distress, tease, annoy, disturb, molest, vex, agitate, fret, harry, (n) harass, fuss, annoyance, sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, 5. preoccupation; synonyms (n) absorption, abstraction, obsession, fixation, distraction, engrossment, preoccupancy, prepossession, reverie, anticipation, compulsion. kaygılanmak worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) torment, trouble, bother, distress, tease, annoy, care, disturb, fear, molest, (n) concern, burden, harass, pain, fuss; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance. kaygılı 1. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly, dreadful, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven, terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 2. anxious; synonyms (adj) alarmed, nervous, tense, uneasy, agitated, concerned, distressed, fearful, frightened, keen, thoughtful, thirsty, insecure, (v) jumpy, solicitous; antonyms (adj) relaxed, carefree, unconcerned, undisturbed, untroubled, 3. worried; synonyms (adj) upset, bothered, disturbed, troubled, restless, unhappy, disquieted, distraught, fretful, stressed, (v) afflicted, pained; antonym (adj) reassured. kayık boat (sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull, craft, dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, (v) cruise. kayıp 1. loss (zarar); synonyms (n) hurt, damage, defeat, detriment, injury, deficit, deprivation, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement, decrease, cost, fall, (adj) harm; antonyms (n) appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income, recovery, 2. lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing, abandoned, (adj) doomed, forlorn, extinct, hopeless, bewildered, disoriented, forgotten, helpless, broken, confused, irrecoverable, absent; antonyms (adj) present, found, existing, 3. missing (eksik); synonyms (v) lost, (adj) lacking, wanting, deficient, away, misplaced, nonexistent. kayırma 1. favour; synonyms (v) favor, choose, prefer, privilege, 2. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel. kayış 1. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. belt (bölge, kemer, kuşak); synonyms (n) ribbon, area, knock, strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, flog, 3. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve.

kayıt 1. record (dosya, kaydetmek, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, 2. recording; synonyms (n) record, album, transcription, scan, disc, cartridge, cassette, cutting, footage, hearing, program, release, show, single, (adj) registering, 3. registration; synonyms (n) enrollment, enrolment, entering, entry, registry, adjustment, readjustment, 4. entry (giriş); synonyms (n) entrance, admission, article, door, accession, access, admittance, doorway, entree, hall, entranceway, entryway, gateway, incursion, opening; antonym (n) exit. kayıtlı registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled, booked, conscript, denoted, destined, indicated, measured. kayıtsız 1. indifferent (ilgisiz); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised, 2. reckless; synonyms (adj) heedless, foolhardy, rash, hasty, imprudent, incautious, extravagant, wanton, daring, brash, desperate, precipitate, audacious, irresponsible, madcap; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious, prudent, sensible, wise. kayıtsızlık indifference (ilgisizlik); synonyms (n) apathy, detachment, disregard, impassiveness, aloofness, disinterest, impassivity, neglect, neutrality, nonchalance, unconcern, stoicism, coolness, (adj) coldness, phlegm; antonyms (n) dedication, eagerness, fervor, interest, passion, compassion, favorite, sympathy. kayma 1. slide (slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, ticket, band, dip, (v) slide, sag, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve, 3. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, intent, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, (adj) flow. kaymak 1. cream (krema); synonyms (n) pick, ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite, fat, salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim,

269

ream, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve, 3. slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) chute, decline, transparency, gliding, recession, (v) slip, slither, run, slump, coast, descend, sag, cut, tumble, (adj) shift. kaynak 1. source; synonyms (n) origin, root, cause, commencement, beginning, reason, head, parent, basis, derivation, germ, headspring, original, origination, reference, 2. origin (başlangıç, köken); synonyms (n) lineage, base, birth, descent, ancestry, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, source, well, cradle, fountainhead, genesis, mother; antonym (n) end, 3. resource; synonyms (n) expedient, imagination, stock, device, facility, asset, contrivance, resourcefulness, shift, (v) recourse, resort, refuge, 4. fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow, 5. bottom (alt, dip, kıç); synonyms (n) backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor, posterior, (v) ground; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 6. beginning (başlangıç); synonyms (n) begin, opening, start, dawn, debut, emergence, incipiency, initiation, introduction, kickoff, onset, preface, threshold, (adj) first, incipient; antonyms (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise, ending, 7. basis; synonyms (n) gist, fundamental, cornerstone, justification, nucleus, motive, essence, argument, background, bottom, explanation, fundament, grounding, grounds, groundwork, 8. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, arise, (adj) elastic, 9. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous, 10. root (kök); synonyms (n) radical, radix, core, etymon, heart, stem, stub, nub, bedrock, (v) establish, dig, fix, grub, rummage, burrow. kaynaklar resources; synonyms (n) means, property, capital, assets, finances, money, substance, funds, wherewithal, revenue, wealth, belongings, cash, circumstances, fortune. kaynamak well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. kaynaşma fusion; synonyms (n) amalgamation, coalition, alliance, coalescence, combination, merger, unification, union, compound, amalgam, blend, mixture, synthesis, embodiment, alloy; antonym (n) separation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

270

Turkish - English

kaynaşmak mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine,

compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate. kaza 1. accident; synonyms (n) chance, casualty, coincidence, crash, fortune, circumstance, contingency, event, fortuity, hap, hazard, incident, luck, smash, catastrophe, 2. district (bölge); synonyms (n) area, quarter, region, community, neighborhood, territory, circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, province, section, domain, (adj) local, (v) zone, 3. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, clank, clatter, fall, impact, slam, (v) bang, collapse, break, clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram. kazak sweater; synonym (n) perspirer. kazanan victor; synonyms (n) conqueror, champion, winner, master, champ, superior; antonym (n) loser. kazanç 1. gain; synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, advance, make, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 2. proceeds; synonyms (n) income, gain, issue, return, revenue, take, emolument, payoff, receipts, takings, yield, proceed, incomings, outcome, effect, 3. earnings; synonyms (n) salary, pay, profits, wage, compensation, lucre, proceeds, remuneration, returns, wages, 4. income; synonyms (n) means, allowance, livelihood, living, resources, 5. acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase, accomplishment, acquirement, attainment, achievement, conquest, buy, getting, learning, prize, assumption, 6. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, behalf, expediency, asset, (v) aid, assist, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, (v) harm, 7. return (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (n) recompense, refund, restitution, (v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer, reinstate, reply, requite, revert; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep, 8. yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, give, output, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear, consent; antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 9. profit; synonyms (n) account, increase, dividend, increment, boot, usefulness, utility, vantage, product, addition, convenience, (v) net, merit, behoof, serve. kazançlı profitable; synonyms (adj) productive, advantageous, beneficial, fruitful, helpful, good, gainful, lucrative, useful, desirable, economic, fat, valuable, expedient, handy; antonyms (adj) unprofitable, dependent. kazanma acquisition; synonyms (n) purchase, accomplishment, acquirement, attainment,

achievement, conquest, buy, getting, learning, prize, profit, assumption, (v) gain. kazanmak 1. win; synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get, attain, obtain, conquer, achieve, earn, prevail, secure, take, succeed, carry, vanquish, (n) triumph; antonyms (v) lose, (n) defeat, 2. acquire (edinmek); synonyms (v) find, accept, buy, collect, contract, purchase, receive, assume, catch, derive, develop, harvest, have, make, win; antonym (v) sell, 3. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) benefit, advance, reach, accomplish, come, effect, gather, hit, merit, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage, addition, increase; antonym (n) loss, 4. earn; synonyms (v) deserve, bring, bear, net, yield, clear, fetch, garner, procure, realise, realize, gross; antonym (v) spend, 5. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, hold, adopt, clutch, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, capture, claim, convey, demand, grab, interpret, (n) seize; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, 6. achieve; synonyms (v) complete, do, execute, perform, act, fulfill, manage, strike, conclude, consummate, effectuate, finish, implement, settle, 7. gather (toplamak); synonyms (v) deduce, convene, accumulate, amass, assemble, compile, congregate, flock, meet, tuck, rally, reap, converge, extract, (n) fold; antonyms (v) disperse, scatter, 8. net (ağ, net); synonyms (adj) final, last, nett, (n) network, bag, lace, cobweb, lattice, meshwork, reticule, (v) mesh, trap, knit, web, ensnare, 9. purchase (satın almak); synonyms (n) bargain, leverage, acquirement, grip, (v) bribe; antonym (n) transaction. kazara accidentally; synonyms (adv) circumstantially, incidentally, unintentionally, casually, coincidentally, fortuitously, unexpectedly, unwittingly; antonyms (adv) intentionally, deliberately, knowingly. kazı dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe, apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab, taunt; antonym (n) compliment. kazık 1. pile (hav, tüy); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass, congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass, crowd, 2. post (posta); synonyms (n) place, function, office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth, column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, 3. stake; synonyms (n) bet, chance, venture, post, wager, interest, shaft, adventure, deposit, pile, (v) hazard, risk, gamble, back, gage. kazıklamak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy. kazma pick (seçmek, toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, (n) alternative,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower. kazmak 1. dig; synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe, apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab, taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 2. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse, decay, flag, founder; antonyms (v) rise, float. keçe felt (fötr); synonyms (v) mat, snarl, tangle, braid, entangle, (adj) perceived, sensed, conscious. keder 1. grief (acı); synonyms (n) affliction, dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, regret, wound, chagrin, concern, pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation, (adj) sore; antonyms (n) joy, happiness, 2. sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, sadness, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, heartbreak, hardship, compunction, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonym (n) delight, 3. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow. kederlenmek sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, (adj) distress, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight, happiness. kederli unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy, melancholy, sad, disconsolate, distressed, infelicitous, low, miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast, mournful; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied. kedi cat; synonyms (n) caterpillar, guy, lynx, bozo, hombre, puss, (v) disgorge, puke, regorge, regurgitate, retch, spew, spue, upchuck, vomit. kefalet 1. bail; synonyms (n) pledge, security, surety, bond, guarantee, handle, (v) deliver, 2. security (güvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense, deposit, ease; antonym (n) danger, 3. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection, counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness. kefaret redemption; synonyms (n) ransom, atonement, salvation, discharge, expiation, buyback, performance, repurchase, fulfillment, acquittal, observance, recompense, release, reparation, rescue. kefe scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend.

271

kefeki scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj)

balance; antonym (v) descend. kefil 1. guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n) bail, assure, guaranty, warranty, assurance, pledge, warrant, bond, collateral, deposit, (v) certify, promise, engage, endorse, ensure, 2. bail; synonyms (n) security, surety, guarantee, handle, (v) deliver, 3. security (güvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, safety, hostage, insurance, guard, secureness, strength, peace, cover, defense, ease, gage, safeguard, shelter, (adj) firmness; antonym (n) danger. kefillik sponsorship; synonyms (n) sponsor, patronage, backing, auspices, sponsion, support, endorsement, assistance, benefaction, business, cosponsor, devotion, economics, encouragement, help. kehanet prediction; synonyms (n) divination, forecast, forecasting, foresight, announcement, anticipation, augury, prognostication, prophecy, vaticination, foretelling, expectation, calculation, foreboding, guess. kek cake; synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix. kel bald; synonyms (adj) bare, hairless, simple, austere, meager, threadbare, raw, barefaced, dry, forthright, mere, naked, nude, plain, stark; antonym (adj) hairy. kelebek butterfly; synonyms (n) chameleon, girl, iris, lady, rainbow, (adj) peacock, (v) bray, coquet, coquette, dally, flirt, kiss, mash, philander, romance. kelepir 1. bargain; synonyms (n) contract, agreement, covenant, deal, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer, compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange, agree, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 2. steal (aşırmak, çalmak); synonyms (v) abstract, lift, purloin, creep, filch, misappropriate, pilfer, pinch, plunder, rob, snatch, sneak, plagiarize, slip, (n) bargain. kelime word (söz, sözcük); synonyms (n) promise, news, tidings, advice, expression, intelligence, parole, password, report, statement, term, vocable, (v) formulate, phrase, put. kelle head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow. kem evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

272

Turkish - English

kement rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat,

kent 1. city (şehir); synonyms (n) town, borough,

noose, cord, hawser, leash, line, string, tape, lace, tether, thread, (v) tie, bind. kemer 1. belt (bölge, kuşak); synonyms (n) ribbon, area, strap, knock, strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, 2. arch; synonyms (n) arc, acute, bend, curvature, dome, archway, (v) curve, bow, vault, (adj) shrewd, sly, wily, round, crafty, consummate; antonym (v) straightness. kemik bone; synonyms (n) os, ivory, mouth, osmium, argument, bead, block, (v) cartilage, swot, gristle, prepare, arise, attire, beat, bill. kemirme erosion (erozyon); synonyms (n) attrition, abrasion, corrosion, corroding, eroding, friction, wear. kemirmek eat (yemek); synonyms (v) devour, consume, bite, dine, munch, corrode, deplete, drink, feed, finish, gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj) digest. kenar 1. edge; synonyms (n) boundary, margin, verge, blade, brink, extremity, advantage, bank, brim, butt, corner, limit, (v) border, bound, hem; antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 2. border (sınır); synonyms (n) fringe, bed, skirt, limits, barrier, rand, confine, edging, (v) edge, abut, adjoin, surround, approach, enclose, flank, 3. margin; synonyms (n) circumference, perimeter, allowance, leeway, periphery, scope, side, lip, brow, borderline, frontier, freedom, play, rim, room, 4. verge; synonyms (n) threshold, term, bounds, point, scepter, sceptre, wand, bourn, (v) bend, incline, tend, trend, conduce, contribute, dispose, 5. side (yan); synonyms (n) faction, direction, face, part, hand, aspect, facet, page, position, wing, quarter, surface, (v) party, (adj) nearby, lateral; antonym (adj) distant, 6. rim; synonyms (n) flange, ring, mouth, ridge, frame, projection, (v) line, 7. lip (dudak); synonyms (n) cheek, impertinence, impudence, backtalk, effrontery, insolence, shoulder, back, 8. skirt (etek); synonyms (n) flap, kilt, apron, dame, crinoline, female, (v) circumvent, evade, elude, sidestep, dodge, avoid, duck, hedge, parry. kenarlýk border (kenar, sınır); synonyms (n) margin, brink, extremity, fringe, bed, boundary, brim, limit, skirt, (v) edge, verge, abut, adjoin, hem, surround; antonyms (n) middle, (v) center. kendi 1. self (öz); synonyms (n) ego, person, being, individual, someone, character, essence, individuality, personality, selfness, soul, spirit, (adj) same, 2. own; synonyms (v) acknowledge, admit, have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess, confess, get, accept, avow, enjoy, occupy, (adj) proper. kendisinin own; synonyms (v) acknowledge, admit, have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess, confess, get, accept, avow, enjoy, (adj) individual, proper.

burgh, metropolis, municipality, village, (adj) municipal, civic, urban, public; antonym (adj) rural, 2. town (şehir); synonyms (n) city, township, community, townspeople, civilization, (adj) local. kentsel urban; synonyms (adj) city, civic, metropolitan, municipal, public, citified, community, urbanized, urbicolous, oppidan, burghal, central, cultivated, developed, downtown; antonyms (adj) rural, country, rustic. kentsoylu bourgeois; synonyms (adj) conservative, common, conventional, democratic, materialistic, square, (n) capitalist, burgess, capitals, caps, cockney, epicier, brevier, businessperson, people. kep cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat, limit, surpass, better. kepazelik scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy, opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor. keramet miracle; synonyms (n) marvel, wonder, prodigy, phenomenon, surprise, wonderwork, event, sensation. kere time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo; antonym (n) death. kereste 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission, committee, court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. timber; synonyms (n) wood, forest, lumber, beam, girder, rafter, tree, timberland, woodland, board, joist, ore, quality, support, timbre, 3. wood (ağaç, koru, odun, tahta); synonyms (n) timber, woods, coppice, jungle. kerteriz bearing; synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim, behavior, comportment. kertik score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash. kervan 1. caravan; synonyms (n) train, carriage, van, column, conveyance, expedition, journey, parade, party, vehicle, camels, (v) procession, cortege, file, cavalcade, 2. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school. Kes cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kese bladder (mesane); synonyms (n) cyst, vesica, balloon, capsule, utricle, vesicle, calyx, cancelli, newspaper, pod, (v) inflate. keşfetmek 1. discover; synonyms (v) ascertain, discern, disclose, see, find, perceive, catch, detect, determine, divulge, expose, hear, impart, observe, trace, 2. detect; synonyms (v) discover, notice, spot, distinguish, identify, locate, descry, sniff, encounter, espy, learn, note, uncover, 3. explore (araştırmak); synonyms (v) delve, examine, search, research, hunt, investigate, plumb, probe, prospect, scrutinize, view, do, spy, feel, inquire. kesici cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen, acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid, incisive, raw, sarcastic, satirical, (n) cut, clipping; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) extension, freedom. keşideci drawer (çekmece); synonyms (n) draftsman, draughtsman, till, commode, engraver, case, locker, closet, bin, buffet, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cupboard, draftsperson. keşif 1. find (bulma, bulmak); synonyms (v) catch, discover, detect, encounter, acquire, ascertain, attain, feel, procure, gather, (n) detection, disclosure, discovery, search, breakthrough; antonyms (v) lose, misplace, 2. detection; synonyms (n) demodulation, detecting, uncovering, unearthing, spotting, spying, catching, recognition, 3. discovery; synonyms (n) finding, revelation, revealing, development, exploration, find, invention, espial; antonym (n) concealment, 4. exploration; synonyms (n) examination, expedition, inquiry, investigation, probe, quest, inspection, reconnaissance, research, scrutiny, study, survey, hunt, journey. Kesik 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 2. interrupted; synonyms (adj) discontinuous, fitful, intermittent, (prep) broken; antonym (adj) constant. kesiksiz solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid. kesilme disruption; synonyms (n) breakdown, break, dislocation, rupture, breach, disturbance, interruption, disintegration, collapse, gap, turmoil, commotion, disorganization, (v) split, (adj) diruption. kesilmek 1. sour; synonyms (adj) morose, sharp, acid, bitter, rancid, severe, gruff, dour, glum, grim, pungent, (v) acidify, ferment, (n) harsh, acidity; antonyms (adj) sweet, kindly, 2. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v)

273

stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, end, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong. kesilmiş interrupted; synonyms (adj) discontinuous, fitful, intermittent, (prep) broken; antonym (adj) constant. kesim 1. segment (parça); synonyms (n) division, paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice, proportion, length, cut, sector, (v) section, part, divide, partition, 2. sector; synonyms (n) department, area, branch, district, segment, region, arm, quadrant, domain, field, quarter, sphere, zone, arena, 3. section (bölüm, kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) compartment, percentage, class, chapter, clause, episode, subdivision, article, fraction, lot, passage, plot, neighborhood, detachment, category, 4. cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen, acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid, incisive, raw, sarcastic, satirical, severe, (n) clipping; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) extension, freedom. kesin 1. definite (belirli); synonyms (adj) accurate, absolute, certain, clear, categorical, conclusive, concrete, decisive, distinct, exact, plain, precise, specific, reliable, actual; antonyms (adj) imprecise, uncertain, unclear, vague, doubtful, undefined, indeterminate, evasive, indefinite, indescribable, qualified, 2. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, say, state, tell, (adj) explicit, direct, definite, especial, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, 3. decisive; synonyms (adj) critical, crucial, decided, final, important, positive, authoritative, convincing, definitive, determined, peremptory, vital, (v) determinate, unequivocal, unqualified; antonyms (adj) indecisive, unsure, weak, 4. implicit; synonyms (adj) silent, tacit, understood, undeclared, unsaid, implied, inherent, unquestioning, virtual, practical, 5. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, authentic, careful, faithful, precision, right, true, (v) close, demand, require, claim, command, ask, call, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, wrong, approximate, inexact, 6. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, dead, downright, equal, fixed, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 7. absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms (adj) total, unconditional, full, real, utter, arbitrary, complete, dictatorial, extreme, flat, great, indisputable, outright, sheer, supreme; antonym (adj) partial, 8. final (son); synonyms (adj) latter, last, ultimate, irrevocable, concluding, eventual, net, firm, dying, ending, finished, hindmost, later, parting, resolved; antonyms (adj) first, opening, preliminary, 9. definitive; synonyms (adj) express,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

274

Turkish - English

classic, classical, (v) emphatic, terminal, 10. certain; synonyms (adj) sure, assured, dependable, inevitable, infallible, particular, perfect, safe, special, unavoidable, undeniable, unquestionable, satisfied, set, (v) bound; antonym (adj) questionable, 11. accurate (doğru, tam); synonyms (adj) literal, meticulous, nice, strict, truthful, scientific, delicate, faultless, genuine, honest, narrow, proper, punctual, rigorous, sound; antonym (adj) false, 12. precise (tam); synonyms (adj) minute, neat, ceremonious, fastidious, formal, punctilious, methodical, fine, just, orderly, prim, refined, exquisite, exacting, pedantic; antonym (adj) rough, 13. sure; synonyms (adj) secure, confident, fast, guaranteed, indubitable, stable, unerring, unfailing, unwavering, hard, resolute, steadfast, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonym (adj) hesitant, 14. mathematical; synonyms (adj) mathematic, algebraic, arithmetical, numeric, numerical, algorithmic, analytical, arithmetic, computative, geometric, geometrical, measurable, numeral, statistical, trigonometric, 15. decided; synonyms (v) marked, settled, (adj) unmistakable, stark; antonym (adj) undecided, 16. explicit (açık); synonyms (adj) broad, lucid, manifest, sharp, perspicuous, transparent, obvious, clear-cut, trenchant, comprehensible, evident, unambiguous, denotative; antonyms (adj) unspoken, implicit, 17. positive (olumlu, pozitif); synonyms (adj) affirmative, favorable, incontrovertible, plus, advantageous, constructive, dogmatic, assertive, incontestable, cocksure, good, optimistic, upbeat, irrefutable, consummate; antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, pessimistic, sad, 18. square (kare); synonyms (adj) rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equitable, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, (v) settle, agree, correspond, adjust, balance, 19. specific (belirli, özgül); synonyms (adj) individual, peculiar, single, characteristic, personal, separate, unique, appropriate, different, exceptional, several, singular, circumstantial, (n) detail, fact; antonyms (adj) universal, (n) general, 20. stark; synonyms (adj) austere, bare, bleak, desolate, mere, severe, simple, bald, barren, harsh, naked, nude, hollow, empty, inhospitable. kesinlik 1. precision; synonyms (n) accuracy, correctness, exactness, accurateness, preciseness, fidelity, definiteness, delicacy, exactitude, meticulousness, nicety, truth, clarity, attention, (adj) precise; antonyms (n) inaccuracy, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, 2. certainty; synonyms (n) assurance, confidence, sureness, trust, certain, certitude, conviction, fact, reality, security, surety, belief, authenticity, assuredness, determination; antonyms (n) doubt, uncertainty, unpredictability,

3. accuracy (doğruluk); synonyms (n) precision, reliability, care, closeness, faithfulness, veracity. kesinlikle 1. definitely; synonyms (adv) absolutely, certainly, decidedly, clearly, specifically, surely, undoubtedly, unquestionably, truly, exactly, completely, determinately, distinctly, emphatically, explicitly; antonyms (adv) perhaps, doubtfully, maybe, possibly, vaguely, 2. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, necessarily, definitely, really, sure, inevitably, indeed, indubitably, positively, undeniably, verily, (int) yes; antonym (adv) questionably, 3. absolutely (tamamen); synonyms (adv) utterly, categorically, dead, entirely, fully, just, precisely, purely, simply, thoroughly, totally, very, altogether, directly, expressly; antonyms (adv) partially, partly, 4. precisely; synonyms (adv) accurately, correctly, right, literally, meticulously, strictly, only, sharp, barely, carefully, justly, closely, faithfully, punctually, (adj) even; antonyms (adv) clumsily, indistinctly, approximately, inaccurately. kesinti cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension. kesir fraction; synonyms (n) divide, part, segment, bit, division, piece, proportion, section, share, faction, cut, fragment, portion, ratio, (adj) constituent. kesişmek cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered. kesit section (bölüm, kısım); synonyms (n) division, part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode, partition, region, (v) segment. keskin 1. sharp (sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth, 2. bitter (acı, şiddetli); synonyms (adj) acrimonious, sharp, acerbic, caustic, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, freezing, icy, inclement, (n) acerbity, (v) disagreeable; antonyms (adj) charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 3. acute; synonyms (adj) critical, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acuate, discerning, discriminating, grave, penetrative, perceptive, trenchant, abrupt, (v) high; antonym (adj) obtuse, 4. keen; synonyms (adj) eager, brisk, enthusiastic, exquisite, clever, astute, desirous, ardent, bright, fervent, hungry, impatient, (v) fresh, avid, active; antonyms (adj) apathetic, indifferent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English unenthusiastic, 5. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper, sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively, natty, neat, saucy, fine, fashionable, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow, 6. searching; synonyms (v) excruciating, consuming, corroding, racking, (adj) inquisitive, probing, curious, inquiring, profound, exploratory, explorative, inquisitory, 7. cutting; synonyms (v) dry, (adj) raw, sarcastic, satirical, cruel, hurtful, scathing, bleak, wounding, (n) cut, clipping, slip, clip, carving, excavation; antonyms (n) extension, freedom, 8. exquisite; synonyms (adj) beautiful, elegant, delicate, excellent, dainty, gorgeous, admirable, choice, heavenly, wonderful, charming, fair, graceful, lovely, (v) delightful; antonym (adj) everyday, 9. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) agile, hasty, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, hurried, immediate, instant, swift, brief, (adv) fast; antonym (adj) leisurely, 10. strong; synonyms (adj) powerful, able, deep, firm, stable, steady, cogent, durable, forcible, good, hard, influential, lusty, potent, rigid; antonyms (adj) weak, faint, feeble, frail, pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, lightweight, soft, tired, 11. severe; synonyms (adj) austere, rigorous, rough, arduous, bad, grim, heavy, serious, strict, atrocious, difficult, exacting, extreme, fierce, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) lenient, easy, lax. keskinlik bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. kesme 1. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 2. cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen, acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid, incisive, raw, sarcastic, satirical, (n) cut, clipping; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) freedom, 3. section (bölüm, kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) division, part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode, partition, region, (v) segment. kesmek 1. cut; synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 2. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 3. cease (durmak); synonyms (v) end, break, quit, terminate, abstain, close, conclude, discontinue, desist, expire, halt, lapse, leave, (n) finish, (adj) abate; antonyms (v)

275

continue, begin, 4. crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, yield, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) shear, 5. dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, jetty, (v) pare, curtail, deprive, land; antonym (v) undock, 6. fell; synonyms (v) floor, ax, level, down, demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous, cruel, prostrate, brutal, fierce, savage, murderous, (n) skin, coat, 7. drop; synonyms (v) fall, decrease, deposit, dribble, droop, abandon, cast, dip, discard, dismiss, drip, ebb, jump, shed, (n) decline; antonyms (v) rise, lift, (n) growth, 8. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, (n) hold, stay, check, arrest, bar, cease, curb; antonyms (v) start, encourage, permit, prolong, 9. slice (dilim); synonyms (n) share, part, section, bit, chip, gash, morsel, piece, slab, chunk, portion, scrap, (v) slash, lacerate, slit. keşmekeş chaos (kaos); synonyms (n) anarchy, bedlam, clutter, disarray, disorder, jumble, mess, muddle, pandemonium, uproar, mix-up, commotion, confusion, havoc, hubbub; antonyms (n) order, peace, orderliness, regulation.

kestirme direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request. ketum 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. discreet; synonyms (adj) circumspect, prudent, careful, cautious, chary, discerning, tactful, wise, diplomatic, considerate, judicious, modest, politic, sensible, thoughtful; antonyms (adj) conspicuous, elaborate, tactless, careless, indiscreet. keyfi arbitrary; synonyms (adj) absolute, capricious, dictatorial, optional, erratic, random, peremptory, masterful, haphazard, autocratic, discretionary, dogmatic, domineering, freakish, imperious. keyif 1. joy (sevinç); synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment, elation, gladness, glee, happiness, pleasure, bliss, ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration, exultation, fun, (v) exult, cheer; antonyms (n) misery, sorrow, sadness, disaster, grief, 2. delight; synonyms (n) joy, amusement, rejoicing, delectation, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, enrapture, gratify, transport, content, divert, enchant; antonyms (v) depress, displease, 3. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

276

Turkish - English

witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor, 4. pleasure; synonyms (n) contentment, gratification, comfort, mirth, inclination, entertainment, fruition, pleasance, satisfaction, desire, festivity, cheerfulness, liking, mind, (adj) delicacy; antonyms (n) anger, ache, boredom, nuisance. keyifli 1. gay; synonyms (adj) cheerful, bright, convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, (n) homosexual, gallant, 2. cheerful; synonyms (adj) breezy, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic, pleasant, animated, brisk, chipper, comfortable, contented, happy, hopeful, jolly, joyful; antonyms (adj) depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose, somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull.

keyifsiz 1. mean (demek istemek, ortalama); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) middle, base, common, hateful, ignoble, medium, miserly, (n) average, contemptible, low; antonyms (adj) generous, kind, 2. sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased, morbid, sickly, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, (v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy. keza 1. also (da, de); synonyms (adv) too, likewise, moreover, more, besides, withal, again, equally, further, item, similarly, so, (conj) and, furthermore, 2. too (dahi, de); synonyms (adv) also, excessively, over, overly, extremely, unduly, 3. likewise; synonyms (adv) alike, anyway, (adj) even. kibar 1. gentle; synonyms (adj) clement, calm, easy, friendly, soft, affable, balmy, kind, mild, tame, feeble, amiable, benign, bland, (n) benevolent; antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, harsh, loud, violent, rough, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy, sarcastic, sheer, steep, 2. civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic, genteel; antonym (adj) rude, 3. mild; synonyms (adj) kindly, lenient, docile, humble, delicate, meek, sweet, fine, indulgent, moderate, temperate, compliant, light, flat, (n) gentle; antonyms (adj) intense, extreme, pungent, severe, sharp, spicy, barbed, great, hot, incisive, passionate, powerful, scathing, wintry, 4. polite; synonyms (adj) cultured, civil, proper, refined, chivalrous, civilized, cultivated, polished, good, gallant, elegant, gentlemanly, nice, respectful, smooth; antonyms (adj) impolite, bad-mannered, discourteous, boorish. kibarca politely; synonyms (adv) courteously, kindly, respectfully, agreeably, courtly, gracefully, admiringly, amiably, assiduously, considerately, cooperatively, cordially, elegantly, genially,

harmoniously; antonyms (adv) impolitely, brusquely, rudely, discourteously. kibarlık courtesy (nezaket); synonyms (n) civility, propriety, chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry, politeness, attention, breeding, etiquette, affability, consideration, courteousness, graciousness, (adj) complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy. kibir pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n) humility, modesty. kibirli 1. arrogant; synonyms (adj) haughty, imperious, presumptuous, proud, dogmatic, boastful, conceited, condescending, disdainful, domineering, egotistical, insolent, overbearing, supercilious, vain; antonyms (adj) modest, selfeffacing, (syn) humble, 2. proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified, lofty, exalted, gallant, lordly, majestic, pompous, elated, grand, magnificent, noble, sublime, superior, high; antonyms (adj) ashamed, embarrassed, 3. important (önemli); synonyms (adj) essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big, central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low, worthless, 4. superior; synonyms (adj) senior, dominant, better, exceptional, predominant, elder, great, eminent, excellent, higher, select, commanding, admirable, distinctive, important; antonyms (adj) worse, poor, (n) inferior, subordinate, subscript. kibrit match (eş); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict. kıç 1. bottom (alt, dip); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 2. behind; synonyms (prep) after, abaft, (adv) backward, backwards, late, later, aback, beyond, trailing, (n) bottom, can, posterior, rump, tail, (adj) rear; antonyms (adv) ahead, early, fore. kıdemli senior; synonyms (adj) older, old, aged, elderly, major, superior, predecessor, (n) elder, head, dean, ruler, chief, sachem; antonyms (adj) subordinate, (n) junior. kik shell (kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast. kil clay; synonyms (n) soil, remains, pottery, dirt, dust, loam, mud, ashes, cadaver, (adj) earthen.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kıl hair (saç); synonyms (n) fuzz, coat, down, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile, coiffure, (adj) brush, clipping, driblet. kılavuz 1. guide (rehber); synonyms (n) escort, directory, attendant, control, usher, chief, (v) direct, conduct, govern, drive, channel, bring, advise, cicerone, convey; antonym (v) follow, 2. pilot (pilot); synonyms (n) guide, leader, aviator, captain, airman, cowcatcher, flier, (v) manage, lead, director, fly, navigate, show, steer, (adj) experimental, 3. manual; synonyms (n) handbook, guidebook, brochure, primer, text, textbook, compendium, grammar, abecedary, codex, libretto; antonyms (adj) automatic, mechanized. kılavuzluk lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage; antonym (v) follow. kılçık 1. bone (kemik); synonyms (n) os, ivory, mouth, osmium, argument, bead, block, (v) cartilage, swot, gristle, prepare, arise, attire, beat, bill, 2. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 3. spine (omurga); synonyms (n) backbone, thorn, point, prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis, pricker, ridge, spur, sticker. kiler cellar (bodrum); synonyms (n) vault, basement, cellarage, winery, cockpit, hold, bound, catacomb, cell, floor, sepulcher, tomb, vineyard, chateau, curvet. kılıç sword; synonyms (n) blade, rapier, brand, steel, glaive, knife, brond, firebrand, fox, intoxicate, make, mark, marque, morglay, point. kılıf cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover. kilim rug; synonyms (n) blanket, carpet, carpeting, mat, coverlet, counterpane, quilt, floor, sheet, tarpaulin, bathmat, doormat, flooring, runner, (v) plunder. kilise church; synonyms (n) cathedral, temple, denomination, meetinghouse, minster, chantry, churchdom, oratory, shrine, cult, sect, communion, creed, faith, (adj) pope. kilit lock (kilitlemek); synonyms (n) curl, hook, padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage, fasten, hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair; antonyms (v) unlock, open. kilitlemek lock (kilit); synonyms (n) curl, hook, padlock, (v) bolt, bar, close, latch, engage, fasten, hug, hold, interlock, secure, shut, (adj) hair; antonyms (v) unlock, open. kilitli locked; synonyms (adj) bolted, latched, closed, barred, fast, barricaded, blockaded, bonded,

277

clocked, colorfast, debauched, degenerate, degraded, dissipated, dissolute. kılmak render; synonyms (v) afford, interpret, explain, furnish, give, offer, pay, construe, depict, impart, make, provide, return, translate, yield. kim who; synonyms (pron) one, (adj) which, what. kime who (kim); synonyms (pron) one, (adj) which, what. kimi some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) nearly, rather, somewhat, about, approximately, around, roughly, round, almost, near, (adj) few, certain, several, (det) any, (n) one. kımıldamak move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay.

kımıldatmak move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay. kimlik 1. identity (özdeşlik); synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality, sameness, character, equality, person, similarity, equivalence, 2. identification; synonyms (n) designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming, papers, remembering, badge, recognition, denomination. kimse 1. person (kişi, şahıs); synonyms (n) fellow, human, individual, man, being, body, character, creature, mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton, 2. soul (ruh); synonyms (n) ghost, heart, mind, person, personification, essence, psyche, self, marrow, bosom, breast, embodiment, (adj) core, quintessence, gist, 3. somebody (biri, birisi); synonyms (pron) someone, anybody, (n) personage, notable, (adj) celebrity, hero, lion, notability; antonym (pron) nobody. kimya chemistry; synonyms (n) alchemy, attraction, charm, organization, (adj) acyclic, botany. kimyager chemist; synonyms (n) apothecary, pharmacist, druggist, pharmaceutist, pharmacy, pharmacopolist, alchemist, chemic, dispensatory, laborant, analyst. kimyasal chemical; synonyms (adj) chemic, alchemical, alkaline, plastic, spagyrical, actinic, analytical, ersatz, synthesized, synthetic, synthetical, (n) ammunition, reagent. kimyevi chemical (kimyasal); synonyms (adj) chemic, alchemical, alkaline, plastic, spagyrical, actinic, analytical, ersatz, synthesized, synthetic, synthetical, (n) ammunition, reagent. kin 1. gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate, 2. hatred (nefret); synonyms (n) detestation, abhorrence, antipathy, aversion, disgust, grudge,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

278

Turkish - English

abomination, antagonism, dislike, hostility, odium, rancor, (v) hate, enmity, animosity; antonyms (n) love, adoration, liking, 3. hate (nefret); synonyms (v) abhor, detest, abominate, loathe, despise, scorn, disdain, (n) hatred, distaste, execration, loathing, revulsion, spite, repugnance, repulsion; antonyms (v) like, adore. kınama 1. criticism; synonyms (n) critique, commentary, blame, review, animadversion, attack, censure, comment, denunciation, disapproval, knock, rebuke, stricture, complaint, objection; antonyms (n) praise, approval, admiration, compliment, 2. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, fault, attribute, criticize, (n) rap, onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation, inculpation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve.

kınamak fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength. kip 1. mode; synonyms (n) means, fashion, manner, method, form, way, condition, custom, guise, style, wise, appearance, approach, fad, modality, 2. mood; synonyms (n) humor, atmosphere, climate, disposition, air, attitude, feeling, mode, temper, character, humour, state, sulk, temperament, tone. kir 1. dirt; synonyms (n) soil, dust, filth, grime, crap, ground, mire, scandal, contamination, smudge, dirtiness, foulness, impurity, land, muck, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) dirt, (v) blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, begrime, daub, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean. kır 1. field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray, 3. wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wild, wasteland, solitude, wildness, (v) waste, 4. country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, commonwealth, kingdom, region, soil, territory, district, nationality, province, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 5. moor; synonyms (n) marsh, moorland, plain, swamp, (v) anchor, berth, fasten, tie, dock, secure, hitch, fix, bind, (adj) picket, lash. kira 1. hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment, fee, pay, salary, fare, (v) employ, engage, charter, enlist, rent, retain, take, commission, compensation; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. rent; synonyms (n) breach, cleft, fissure, lease, let, crevice, break, crack, tear, hole, flaw, fracture, gap, rift, (v) hire.

kiracı tenant; synonyms (n) inhabitant, lodger, occupant, resident, holder, occupier, renter, inmate, dweller, householder, (v) inhabit, occupy; antonyms (n) landlord, proprietor. kiracılık tenancy; synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation, tenure, possession, tenantry, ownership, use, (adj) shaky, weak, feeble, fragile, halfhearted, questionable, unconvincing, unsubstantiated. kırağı frost (ayaz); synonyms (n) cold, freeze, freezing, rime, hoar, hoarfrost, icing, (v) chill, ice. kiralama 1. hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment, fee, pay, salary, fare, (v) employ, engage, charter, enlist, rent, retain, take, commission, compensation; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. lease; synonyms (n) leasing, letting, rental, (v) hire, let, contract, demise, give, acquire, allow, buy, consider, convey, get. kiralamak 1. charter; synonyms (n) hire, permit, authority, code, law, license, constitution, contract, franchise, (v) let, rent, engage, lease, take, get, 2. hire; synonyms (n) wage, employment, fee, pay, salary, fare, payment, (v) employ, charter, enlist, retain, commission, compensation, select, book; antonym (v) dismiss, 3. job (iş); synonyms (n) chore, position, work, assignment, business, career, duty, matter, occupation, post, task, concern, function, labor, line, 4. lease; synonyms (n) leasing, letting, rental, (v) demise, give, acquire, allow, buy, consider, convey, 5. rent; synonyms (n) breach, cleft, fissure, crevice, break, crack, tear, hole, flaw, fracture, gap, rift, rip, slit, split, 6. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, hold, adopt, bear, carry, catch, clutch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, (n) seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) refuse, abstain, add, lose, 7. tenant (kiracı); synonyms (n) inhabitant, lodger, occupant, resident, holder, occupier, renter, inmate, dweller, householder, (v) inhabit, occupy; antonyms (n) landlord, proprietor. kırbaç whip; synonyms (n) coachman, (v) scourge, lash, flog, strap, beat, flagellate, goad, punish, stir, thrash, trounce, wallop, chastise, cane. kırdırmak discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce, disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject; antonym (v) increase. kireç lime; synonyms (n) birdlime, basswood, calx, lemon, cement, linden, quicklime, (v) forelay, (adj) green. kırık 1. broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild, 2. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation. kırılgan fragile; synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail, breakable, brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, feeble, fine, slim, frangible, insubstantial, shaky, slender; antonyms (adj) strong, unbreakable, substantial, sturdy, permanent, robust. kırılma breaking; synonyms (n) break, breach, breakage, violation, contravention, infringement; antonym (n) observance. kırılmak break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation. kırılmış broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild. kırıntı 1. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 2. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, division, grain, rag, remnant, section, share, sherd, (v) bit, chip, shiver, splinter, break, crumble, crack, 3. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, brawl, clash, end, junk, remainder, conflict, waste, rubbish, residue, (v) quarrel, row, discard, reject, dump; antonym (v) keep. kiriş 1. beam (ışın); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. chord; synonyms (n) cord, harmony, curve, flange, enticement, (v) accord, harmonise, harmonize, agree, consort, reconcile, (adj) subtense, 3. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, fiber, (v) run, (adj) line. kırışmak bunch (grup, salkım); synonyms (n) cluster, clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group, lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle, pack; antonym (v) disperse. kırk forty; synonyms (n) forties, (adj) twoscore. kırlaşmak grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray. kirlenme 1. contamination; synonyms (n) contagion, pollution, contaminant, infection, dirtying, corruption, taint, vitiation, adulteration, depravity, (v) defilement; antonym (n) decontamination, 2. pollution; synonyms (n) contamination, filth, befoulment, dirtiness, impurity, infamy, foulness, soiling, disgrace, filthiness, violation, dirt, stain, (adj) backsliding, demoralization.

279

kirlenmek 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj) blur. kirletme pollution; synonyms (n) contamination, filth, infection, befoulment, corruption, dirtiness, impurity, infamy, foulness, soiling, contagion, disgrace, (adj) defilement, taint, depravity. kirletmek 1. dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, blot, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj) blur. kirli 1. dirty (pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 2. filthy; synonyms (adj) dirty, nasty, unclean, disgusting, squalid, awful, grimy, grubby, indecent, ribald, smutty, sordid, vile, vulgar, distasteful; antonym (adj) decent. kirlilik pollution; synonyms (n) contamination, filth, infection, befoulment, corruption, dirtiness, impurity, infamy, foulness, soiling, contagion, disgrace, (adj) defilement, taint, depravity. kırmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. discount; synonyms (n) deduction, rebate, allowance, bargain, decrease, reduction, (v) reduce, disregard, ignore, neglect, deduct, depreciate, cut, dismiss, reject; antonym (v) increase. kırmızı 1. red (al, kızıl); synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody, inflamed, 2. scarlet; synonyms (adj) red, (n) vermilion. kırpıntı scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep. kırpmak crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear. kırsal 1. country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

280

Turkish - English

realm, region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 2. rural; synonyms (adj) provincial, agricultural, countrified, country, pastoral, predial, agrestic, arable. kırtasiyecilik bureaucracy (bürokrasi); synonyms (n) bureaucratism, apparatus, cabinet, fascism, formalities, government, authority, beadledom, directorate, establishment, management, ministry, officials, paperwork, system. kış winter; synonyms (n) wintertime, season, chill, frost, hiems, coldness, iciness, (v) hibernate. kısa 1. short (bodur); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 2. brief; synonyms (adj) short, abridge, little, summary, transient, short-lived, abbreviated, fleeting, succinct, (n) abstract, digest, epitome, report, (v) compact, notify; antonyms (adj) longdrawn-out, long-winded, permanent, timeconsuming, 3. compact; synonyms (adj) dense, hard, solid, thick, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, bond, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse. kısaca shortly; synonyms (adv) presently, briefly, soon, immediately, abruptly, concisely, curtly, short, anon, now, brusquely, directly, quickly, rapidly, (adj) forthwith. kısaltmak contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, (v) covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch. kişi 1. person (şahıs); synonyms (n) fellow, human, individual, man, being, body, character, creature, mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton, 2. self (kendi, öz); synonyms (n) ego, person, someone, essence, individuality, personality, selfness, spirit, (adj) same, 3. man (adam, erkek, insan); synonyms (n) gentleman, guy, husband, humanity, humankind, humans, mankind, world, hand, servant, somebody, garrison, (v) equip, (obj) he, male; antonym (n) woman, 4. individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, singular, sole, solitary, special, independent; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n) collective, 5. soul (ruh); synonyms (n) ghost, heart, mind, personification, psyche, self, marrow, bosom, breast, embodiment, (adj) core, quintessence, gist, incarnation, backbone. kişilik 1. personality; synonyms (n) individuality, person, celebrity, character, identity, nature, characteristic, disposition, temperament, essence,

individualism, name, being, distinctiveness, self; antonym (n) nobody, 2. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, note, part, quality, role, type, brand, constitution, description, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, 3. self (kendi, öz); synonyms (n) ego, individual, someone, personality, selfness, soul, (adj) same. kısım 1. section (bölüm, kesit); synonyms (n) division, part, portion, compartment, percentage, piece, class, branch, chapter, clause, department, episode, partition, region, (v) segment, 2. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, article, character, component, cut, section, share, allotment, bit, (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce, cleave, dissociate; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 3. portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) allot, fragment, parcel, dole, allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune, installment, (v) lot, dividend, assign, dispense, distribute, 4. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, crumb, morsel, grain, rag, remnant, sherd, shred, snatch, (v) chip, scrap, shiver, splinter, crumble, crack, 5. chapter (bölüm); synonyms (n) convocation, head, stage, caput, 6. division (bölüm); synonyms (n) disagreement, split, cleavage, classification, category, difference, discord, demarcation, sharing, area, arm, boundary, breach, detachment, (v) distribution; antonyms (n) closeness, convergence, estimation, unification, 7. episode; synonyms (n) affair, event, incident, occurrence, happening, occasion, circumstance, subdivision, anecdote, experience, fact, instalment, interlude, parenthesis, sequence, 8. department (bölüm); synonyms (n) bureau, agency, faculty, domain, field, line, office, realm, subject, service, district, group, kingdom, organization, province, 9. segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) paragraph, slice, proportion, length, sector, metamere, block, strip, chunk. kişisel 1. personal; synonyms (adj) individual, own, particular, human, intimate, peculiar, private, direct, proper, subjective, physical, confidential, especial, original, privy; antonyms (adj) public, general, 2. intimate; synonyms (adj) close, informal, inner, internal, bosom, (v) express, allude, hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (n) familiar, confidante, (adv) dear; antonym (adj) distant, 3. individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, exclusive, singular, sole, (n) creature, fellow, man, mortal, person; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, vague, (n) collective, 4. private (özel); synonyms (adj) clandestine, personal, covert, hidden, secret, esoteric, domestic, interior, lonely, retired, secluded, special, inside, mysterious, inward; antonyms (adj) community, nationalized, official, state-owned, civic, shared, state.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kısıt constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve; antonym (n) incentive. kısıtlama 1. constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 2. qualification; synonyms (n) capability, competence, fitness, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, requirement, reservation, (adj) faculty, endowment, property. kısıtlamak limit (sınır); synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend. kısıtlayıcı restrictive; synonyms (adj) prohibitive, restraining, exclusive, restricted, astringent, binding, clannish, coactive, compulsory, conditional, costive, obligatory, opposed, preventive, (v) limitary; antonym (adj) encouraging. kısıtlı 1. limited; synonyms (adj) finite, circumscribed, moderate, qualified, special, insular, bounded, narrow, scanty, slender, particular, specific, definite, conditional, constricted; antonyms (adj) boundless, infinite, limitless, open, complete, never-ending, unlimited, wide, 2. qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable, eligible, efficient, fit, proficient, able, clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited, restricted, fitted, prepared; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total, unofficial. kıskanç 1. jealous; synonyms (adj) covetous, distrustful, envious, suspicious, resentful, invidious, green, grudging, 2. yellow (sarı); synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward, (adv) cowardly. kıskançlık jealousy; synonyms (n) suspicion, competition, contention, distrust, qualm, scruple, doubt, challenge, contest, diffidence, dissatisfaction, emulation, enmity, jealoushood, misdoubt. kışla quarters; synonyms (n) dwelling, abode, domicile, lodging, residence, diggings, digs, pad, accommodation, barracks, habitation, quartering, housing, place, address. kışlamak winter (kış); synonyms (n) wintertime, season, chill, frost, hiems, coldness, iciness, (v) hibernate. kısmak narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close, limited, insular, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge,

281

dwindle; antonyms (adj) wide, broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend. kısmen partly; synonyms (adv) partially, part, halfway, incompletely, relatively, party, carelessly, comparatively, inadequately, insufficiently, measurably, (adj) half, semi, quasi, (pron) what; antonyms (adv) completely, wholly, entirely. kısmet 1. fortune; synonyms (n) chance, destiny, estate, fate, fluke, accident, luck, means, abundance, assets, doom, lot, riches, wealth, blessing, 2. destiny; synonyms (n) fortune, kismet, destination, portion, weird, circumstances, 3. lot (parti); synonyms (n) batch, slice, allot, bunch, circle, group, set, share, allotment, band, caboodle, cluster, collection, (v) deal, apportion, 4. fate (kader); synonyms (n) fatality, end, future, hap, (v) destine, designate, destruction. kısmi partial; synonyms (adj) incomplete, imperfect, fragmentary, unfair, sectional, inequitable, biased, part, unequal, halfway, partisan, prejudiced, unfinished, unjust, (v) party; antonyms (adj) complete, impartial, total, absolute, comprehensive, unbiased. kısrak mare; synonyms (n) bitch, doe, hen, horse, jennet, boundary, genet, lady, mere, mount, roe, sow, stallion, charger, gelding. kıstas criterion (kriter, ölçüt); synonyms (n) benchmark, measure, norm, test, canon, mark, criterium, gauge, pattern, principle, proof, rule, touchstone. kıt spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. kıta continent; synonyms (n) land, delta, peninsula, area, boundary, capacity, circle, (adj) chaste, celibate, abstemious, pure, temperate, abstinent, sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent. kitap book; synonyms (n) bible, journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript, (v) order, reserve, apply, inscribe, list, record, arrest. kitaplık library (kütüphane); synonyms (n) bibliotheca, annals, archive, bibliotheke, den, documentation, documents, records, store. kıtasal continental; synonyms (adj) littoral, midland, riparian, earthy. kitle mass (yığın); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, heap, crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump, magnitude, majority, accumulation, aggregate, amount, (v) flock. kıtlık shortage (açık); synonyms (n) dearth, defect, deficiency, lack, paucity, deficit, famine, insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, scarcity, shortfall, want, deprivation; antonyms (n) abundance, excess, overabundance, surplus, affluence, glut.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

282

Turkish - English

kıvam consistency (tutarlılık); synonyms (n)

kıymamak spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender,

consistence, agreement, body, coherence, consonance, conformity, congruence, congruity, density, uniformity, accordance, concord, compatibility, consentaneousness, accord; antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy. kıvırma bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square. kıvırmak bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square. kıvrım 1. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 2. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend, kink, round, bender, loop, coil, contour, (v) hook, wind, distort, meander, inflect, circle, crimp, lean. kıyafet costume (giysi, kostüm); synonyms (n) attire, clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit, outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garment, garments, gown, (v) clothe. kıyas analogy (benzerlik, örnekseme); synonyms (n) semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity. kıyaslama comparison; synonyms (n) analogy, compare, likeness, resemblance, comparing, contrast, correspondence, parallel, similarity, connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability, (prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity. kıyı 1. coast (sahil); synonyms (n) bank, beach, seaside, shore, seashore, sand, seacoast, shoreline, (v) glide, slide, drift, cruise; antonym (n) interior, 2. shore; synonyms (n) coast, prop, edge, land, buttress, stay, brace, margin, border, riverside, coastline, shoring, side, waterside, (v) support, 3. strand; synonyms (n) rope, chain, filament, line, string, thread, wisp, yarn, fibril, scar, (v) maroon, desert, abandon, 4. edge (kenar); synonyms (n) boundary, verge, blade, brink, extremity, advantage, brim, butt, corner, limit, perimeter, periphery, rand, (v) bound, hem; antonyms (n) center, (v) middle, 5. bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, slope, store, stack, bluff, heap, hill, stock, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely, acclivity, ascent; antonym (v) withdraw, 6. side (kenar, yan); synonyms (n) rim, faction, direction, face, part, hand, aspect, facet, page, position, wing, flank, incline, (v) party, (adj) nearby; antonym (adj) distant, 7. seaside (sahil); synonym (n) seaboard.

excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. kıymet 1. price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit, value, 2. value; synonyms (n) importance, rate, consequence, regard, (v) price, appreciate, esteem, evaluate, cherish, measure, prize, rank, respect, revere, treasure; antonyms (n) disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance. kıymetli 1. valuable; synonyms (adj) costly, estimable, precious, beneficial, expensive, helpful, useful, worthy, admirable, important, dear, invaluable, priceless, profitable, rich; antonyms (adj) worthless, useless, 2. precious; synonyms (adj) beloved, cherished, valuable, golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite, cute, noble, good, goodly, adorable, (n) darling, (adv) extremely, preciously. kız 1. girl; synonyms (n) damsel, lady, daughter, fille, lass, maid, wench, virgin, quean, female, girlfriend, woman, 2. queen (kraliçe); synonyms (n) empress, king, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler, 3. virgin (bakire); synonyms (adj) pure, vestal, chaste, innocent, new, fresh, intact, untouched, unmixed, virginal, virtuous, unmarried, (n) maiden, girl. kızarmak 1. glow; synonyms (n) beam, color, glare, sparkle, blaze, flash, (v) blush, flush, gleam, glimmer, shine, burn, flare, fire, flame; antonym (n) dullness, 2. flame (alev); synonyms (n) ardour, burning, combustion, enthusiasm, fervor, fervour, darling, ardor, flaming, (v) heat, kindle, (adj) glow, sweetheart, beau, lover.

kızdırmak anger (hiddet, kızgınlık, öfke); synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please, placate, pacify, calm. kızgın 1. angry (öfkeli); synonyms (adj) furious, incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging, vehement, maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued, splenetic, angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj) calm, pleased, gentle, 2. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) good-tempered, 3. furious; synonyms (adj) violent, enraged, ferocious, frantic, wild, boisterous, frenzied, infuriated, rampant, desperate, cross, fiery, heated, hot, impetuous, 4. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, burning, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy, new, acrid; antonyms (adj) mild, cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly, 5. sore; synonyms (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English painful, sensitive, raw, indignant, aching, huffy, (n) injury, boil, cut, lesion, canker, abscess, (v) hurt, acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless, 6. wild; synonyms (adj) desert, waste, reckless, desolate, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, barbarous, rough, vicious, wanton, barbarian, barbaric, barren; antonyms (adj) orderly, domestic, manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained, tame. kızgınlık 1. anger (hiddet, öfke); synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please, placate, pacify, calm, 2. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 3. irritation; synonyms (n) aggravation, exasperation, bother, excitation, temper, annoying, frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, vexation, botheration, stimulation, harassment, exacerbation. kızıl red (al, kırmızı); synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody, inflamed. kızma resentment; synonyms (n) grudge, anger, displeasure, indignation, rage, rancor, umbrage, envy, grievance, passion, animosity, bitterness, fury, gall, hostility; antonym (n) cheerfulness. kızmak heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool. klakson horn (boynuz, korna); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool, ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v) butt. klasik 1. classic; synonyms (adj) classical, model, archetypal, exemplary, ideal, typical, representative, traditional, archaic, heroic, (n) masterpiece; antonym (n) second-rate, 2. classical; synonyms (adj) correct, attic, authoritative, chaste, perfect, (n) classic, refined. klasör file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. klavye keyboard; synonym (n) upright. klinik 1. clinic; synonyms (n) infirmary, hospital, workshop, clinique, faculty, hospice, institution, class, meeting, practicum, (v) clinical, 2. clinical; synonyms (adj) neutral, antiseptic, emotionless, scientific. kliring clearing; synonyms (n) clarification, glade, clearance, dell, lot, aisle, assart, colonization, defrayal, hollow, payment, region, track, allowance, basin.

283

klişe cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, slice, cutting, nick, blow; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension. koalisyon coalition; synonyms (n) alliance, association, combination, league, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalescence, confederation, fusion, junction, compact, bond, consolidation; antonym (n) nonalignment. koç ram; synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat, cram, crash, drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill, bump, pound, press, squeeze, stuff. koca husband; synonyms (n) consort, wife, hubby, man, master, mate, partner, spouse, baron, (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save, economise. kocaman 1. huge; synonyms (adj) big, enormous, gigantic, immense, large, vast, colossal, extensive, great, elephantine, ample, considerable, excessive, gargantuan, giant; antonyms (adj) tiny, insignificant, miniature, small, 2. enormous; synonyms (adj) huge, exorbitant, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous, infinite, massive, monumental, terrific, terrible, flagrant, immeasurable, mammoth, mighty, monstrous; antonym (adj) minute, 3. big (büyük); synonyms (adj) major, heavy, important, significant, thick, sturdy, generous, adult, bad, burly, hefty, high, liberal, magnanimous, momentous; antonyms (adj) little, puny, 4. tremendous; synonyms (adj) fantastic, dreadful, marvelous, wonderful, formidable, fearful, awful, rattling, howling, awesome, brilliant, devastating, excellent, frightful, horrible. kod code (kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt. kodes jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container, pot, bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail, gaol, immure, imprison, lag. kodlamak code (kod); synonyms (n) cipher, charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt. koğuş ward; synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody, protection, care, district, neighborhood, quarter, defense, keep, area, region, division, (v) shelter, protect. köhne fossil (fosil); synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo, conservative, parent, relic, (adj) flint, obsolete, granite, preglacial, quartz, ancient, marble, old, pebble. kök 1. root; synonyms (n) base, foundation, origin, basis, radical, radix, cause, derivation, reason, beginning, bottom, core, essence, (v) establish, dig,

2. origin (başlangıç, kaynak, köken); synonyms (n) lineage, birth, descent, ancestry, commencement, extraction, fountain, inception,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

284

Turkish - English

root, source, well, head, cradle, fountainhead, genesis; antonym (n) end, 3. radical (radikal); synonyms (adj) extremist, basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, fanatical, militant, (n) group, nihilist, essential; antonyms (adj) conventional, oldfashioned, (n) moderate, conservative, traditionalist. kokain snow (kar); synonyms (n) cocaine, coke, precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque, brig, cocain, ship, (v) beguile, overwhelm, bamboozle, hoodwink. köken 1. origin (başlangıç, kaynak); synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root, source; antonym (n) end, 2. beginning (başlangıç); synonyms (n) begin, opening, origin, start, dawn, debut, emergence, genesis, incipiency, initiation, introduction, kickoff, (adj) original, first, incipient; antonyms (n) finish, finale, conclusion, demise, ending, 3. root (kök); synonyms (n) basis, radical, radix, reason, bottom, core, essence, etymon, heart, stem, groundwork, germ, stub, (v) establish, dig, 4. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, skip, dance, rise, jet, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic, 5. principle (ilke); synonyms (n) fundamental, method, rule, doctrine, ground, dogma, element, law, precept, tenet, integrity, canon, formula, maxim, nature. koklama smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) odor, fragrance, savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour, stench, flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent, stink. koklamak 1. smell; synonyms (n) odor, fragrance, savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour, stench, flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent, stink, 2. nose (burun); synonyms (n) beak, hooter, nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, (v) pry, sniff, wind, nuzzle, search, smell, snoop, poke. köklü radical (radikal); synonyms (adj) extremist, basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base, primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis, foundation, origin, group; antonyms (adj) conventional, old-fashioned, (n) moderate, conservative, traditionalist. kokmak smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) odor, fragrance, savor, aroma, bouquet, odour, savour, stench, flavor, smack, (v) reek, nose, perfume, scent, stink. kokmuş rotten (çürük); synonyms (adj) bad, foul, poor, fetid, lousy, musty, off, putrid, ill, shabby, corrupt, crappy, decomposed, (v) decayed, rancid; antonym (adj) fresh. köktenci radical (radikal); synonyms (adj) extremist, basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base,

primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis, foundation, origin, group; antonyms (adj) conventional, old-fashioned, (n) moderate, conservative, traditionalist. kokteyl cocktail; synonyms (n) appetizer, mixture, combination, blend, concoction, mix, alcohol, beverage, brew, draft, drink, infusion, potion, beer, (v) champagne. koku 1. odour; synonyms (n) fragrance, flavour, aroma, smell, odor, scent, flavor, feel, feeling, look, olfaction, smelling, spirit, tone, 2. smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) savor, bouquet, odour, savour, stench, smack, relish, sense, breath, (v) reek, nose, perfume, stink, sniff, snuff, 3. scent; synonyms (n) essence, redolence, incense, clue, trail, clew, key, hint, tang, track, wake, (v) wind, aromatize, (adj) smoke, suspect. kol 1. arm; synonyms (n) branch, wing, bay, department, division, limb, might, offshoot, power, section, sleeve, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide; antonym (v) disarm, 2. branch (dal, dallanmak, şube); synonyms (n) arm, jump, affiliate, ramus, member, outgrowth, shoot, stem, stick, subdivision, (v) fork, diverge, divide, split, (adj) tributary, 3. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 4. sleeve; synonyms (n) case, liner, cover, cuff, collar, sheath, skin, socket, wristband, gauntlet, glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net, plexus, 5. department (bölüm); synonyms (n) bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty, domain, field, line, office, part, realm, subject, service, district, 6. limb; synonyms (n) bough, extremity, edge, gavelock, handspike, jemmy, jimmy, 7. wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n) annex, fender, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, winger, addition, annexe, (v) fly, soar. kolay 1. easy; synonyms (adj) comfortable, convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, lenient, light, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome, particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, formal, testing, uneasy, 2. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, greasy, liquid, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle. kolayca 1. easily; synonyms (adv) lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly, 2. readily; synonyms (adv) easily, promptly, soon, quick, freely, gladly,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English quickly, cheerfully, eagerly, pronto, willingly, commonly, openly. kolaylaşmak ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen. kolaylaştırmak 1. facilitate; synonyms (v) assist, aid, ease, help, expedite, alleviate, further, advance, abet, hasten, lighten, promote, relieve, serve, (n) favor; antonyms (v) hinder, obstruct, 2. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, 3. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, alleviation, composure, lightness, (v) assuage, allay, relax, appease, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen. kolaylık 1. facility (olanak); synonyms (n) ability, dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness, artifice, aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom, installation, knack, lightness, (adj) competence, proficiency, 2. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 3. convenience; synonyms (n) advantage, contrivance, accommodation, opportunity, appliance, fitness, occasion, utility, amenity, benefit, easement, expediency, gadget, suitability, usefulness; antonym (n) inconvenience. kolaylıkla easily (kolayca); synonyms (adv) lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly. köle 1. slave; synonyms (n) serf, servant, bondman, inferior, thrall, bondsman, captive, vassal, dependent, (v) labor, drudge, fag, toil, work, moil, 2. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic, boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help, henchman, minister, messenger, slave, handmaiden. kolej college; synonyms (n) faculty, school, academy, association, institute, society, institution, university, (adj) academic. koleksiyon collection (toplama); synonyms (n) accumulation, assembly, assortment, bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap, mass, pile, variety, batch, (v) assemblage.

285

koleksiyoncu collector; synonyms (n) accumulator, receiver, gatherer, caporal, choregus, commissioner, flugelman, linkboy, woon, aggregator, bearer, cashier, investor, hoarder, magpie. kolektör collector; synonyms (n) accumulator, receiver, gatherer, caporal, choregus, commissioner, flugelman, linkboy, woon, aggregator, bearer, cashier, investor, hoarder, magpie. kolesterol cholesterol; synonym (n) cholesterin. koli 1. parcel (paket); synonyms (n) lot, bale, pack, bundle, division, package, packet, section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion, distribute, apportion, 2. package (paket); synonyms (n) packaging, parcel, carton, container, collection, (v) box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap. kollamak watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance. kolon 1. column (sütun); synonyms (n) pillar, procession, row, stanchion, file, line, obelisk, post, prop, support, series, monolith, buttress, (adj) tower, minaret, 2. colon; synonyms (n) bowel, (v) period, semicolon, comma. koloni colony; synonyms (n) settlement, community, plantation, dependency, village, mandate, possession, protectorate, assembly, closure, colonisation, colonization, flock, nation, territory. kolordu corps; synonyms (n) brigade, company, army, battalion, detachment, regiment, troop, crew, party, band, column, force, garrison, host, battalia. koltuk 1. seat (yer); synonyms (n) place, bench, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position, post, posterior, (v) locate, put, contain, hold, 2. armchair; synonyms (n) fauteuil, elbowchair. kolza rape; synonyms (n) assault, violation, colza, rapine, ravishment, (v) outrage, pillage, plunder, ravish, foray, despoil, destroy, dishonour, violate, (adj) abuse. kombinasyon combination; synonyms (n) alliance, blend, union, association, coalition, league, merger, amalgam, aggregate, amalgamation, collection, complex, composition, concoction, (adj) compound; antonyms (n) separation, (adj) simple. kombinezon slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve. komedi 1. comedy; synonyms (n) farce, play, humor, drollery, clowning, drama, show; antonym (n) tragedy, 2. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing, burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker, buffoon, jester, zany.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

286

Turkish - English

komedyen comic; synonyms (adj) amusing,

kompozitör composer; synonyms (n) author,

burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker, buffoon, jester, zany. komik 1. comic; synonyms (adj) amusing, burlesque, comical, funny, humorous, laughable, absurd, droll, ludicrous, (n) clown, comedian, joker, buffoon, jester, zany, 2. funny; synonyms (adj) eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange, diverting, comic, curious, entertaining, farcical, odd, queer, suspicious, unusual, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 3. ridiculous; synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, inane, nonsensical, derisory, irrational, outrageous, silly, inconsistent, grotesque, crazy, daft, extravagant, incongruous, senseless; antonyms (adj) sensible, inspiring, reasonable. komiklik humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor. komisyon 1. percentage; synonyms (n) part, share, cut, lot, percent, piece, portion, proportion, ration, interest, profit, degree, measure, poundage, quantity, 2. committee (heyet); synonyms (n) board, council, commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau, staff, group, team, administration, assembly, charge, class, commissioning, 3. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment, committee, duty, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, empower. komisyoncu broker; synonyms (n) mediator, agent, go-between, factor, middleman, dealer, attorney, intermediary, bailiff, merchant. komite committee (heyet); synonyms (n) board, council, commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau, staff, group, team, administration, assembly, charge, class, commissioning. kompartıman compartment; synonyms (n) cell, division, cabin, cubicle, separation, bay, booth, cubbyhole, (v) apartment, partition. kompleks complex; synonyms (adj) composite, complicate, abstruse, difficult, elaborate, intricate, knotty, abstract, tricky, multifarious, complicated, compound, convoluted, (n) obsession, combination; antonyms (adj) simple, basic, straightforward, clear, plain. komplo conspiracy; synonyms (n) cabal, confederacy, intrigue, plot, combination, complot, collusion, coalition, design, plan, scheme. kompozisyon composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization.

musician, penman, instrumentalist, artist, artiste, calligrapher, conductor, maestro, performer, player, singer. kompresyon compression (sıkıştırma); synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion. komşu neighbour; synonyms (n) neighbor, (adj) neighboring, neighbouring. komşular neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality, neighborhood, vicinity.

komünikasyon communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, epistle, intercourse, letter, message, news, notice, report, tidings, word. komünist 1. communist; synonyms (adj) communistic, carbonaro, frondeur, collective, insurgent, intolerant, mutineer, quisling, rebel, (n) commie, cosmopolite, terrorist, anarchist, philanthropist, radical, 2. red (al, kırmızı, kızıl); synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody, inflamed, blushing. komünizm communism; synonyms (n) collectivism, socialism, phalansterianism, communalism, dictatorship, (v) statism; antonym (n) capitalism. kömür coal; synonyms (n) ember, culm, firewood, oil, petroleum, energy, gas, (v) char, blacken, scorch, (adj) black. komut 1. command (kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct; antonym (v) request, 2. instruction (talimat, yönerge); synonyms (n) command, advice, counsel, education, guidance, guideline, information, injunction, prescription, teaching, doctrine, drill, edification, lecture, schooling, 3.

order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) dictate, array, rank, sort, class, condition, disposition, edict, kind, form, genus, category, (v) arrange, ordain, conduct; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder. komuta command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct; antonym (v) request. komutan commander; synonyms (n) captain, chief, commandant, leader, head, governor, chieftain, conductor, master, skipper. konak mansion; synonyms (n) house, castle, manor, residence, home, building, hall, palace, villa, abode,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English place, domicile, habitation, manse; antonym (n) hovel. kondisyon condition; synonyms (n) circumstance, position, provision, status, standing, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament, rank, state, term, complaint, (v) aspect, provide. kondüktör conductor; synonyms (n) leader, chief, director, chauffeur, commander, manager, pilot, ringleader, core, (v) guard, guide; antonym (n) insulator. konfederasyon confederation; synonyms (n) alliance, coalition, confederacy, association, league, union, federation, combination, fellowship, fusion, affiliation. konferans 1. lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse, harangue, reprimand, speech, talk, oration, censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke, sermon, chide, preach, instruct, 2. conference; synonyms (n) assembly, colloquy, meeting, council, consultation, interview, negotiation, congress, discussion, gathering, session, sitting, audience, conclave, association. konfigürasyon configuration; synonyms (n) form, arrangement, conformation, shape, organization, outline, composition, constellation, contour, design, fashion, figure, formation, structure, class. konfor comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. konforlu comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy, agreeable, pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial, pleasurable, rich, enjoyable, commodious, content, contented, (v) snug, calm; antonyms (adj) uncomfortable, poor, formal, tense, unpleasant, intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy. Kongre 1. congress; synonyms (n) assembly, convention, convocation, council, conference, intercourse, meeting, congregation, confluence, association, gathering, synod, cockpit, coition, coitus, 2. convention; synonyms (n) congress, contract, custom, tradition, agreement, assemblage, bargain, habit, practice, fashion, compact, company, concord, bond, conventionalism, 3. assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) collection, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, conclave, concourse, construction, flock, group, legislature, throng, aggregation. konmak 1. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 2. settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay,

287

regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, (adj) confirm. konsantrasyon concentration; synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application, attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening, condensation, convergence, denseness, density; antonym (n) distraction. konser concert; synonyms (n) accord, agreement, consonance, tune, performance, recital, concord, concordance, harmony, unison, (v) arrange, contrive, manage. konsey council; synonyms (n) assembly, board, congress, consultation, convention, convocation, diet, legislature, meeting, cabinet, conclave. konsorsiyum consortium; synonyms (n) syndicate, cartel, association, combination, organization, pool, alliance, federation, league, band, collection, collective, group, marriage, monopoly. konsültasyon consultation; synonyms (n) advice, conference, interview, negotiation, counsel, discussion, talk, audience, advisement, council, deliberation, meeting, reference, appointment. kont count (saymak); synonyms (n) number, calculation, computation, total, (v) calculate, compute, tally, account, cipher, consider, estimate, matter, reckon, weigh, add. kontak short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, deficient, diminutive, inadequate, insufficient, lacking; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy. kontenjan quota; synonyms (n) portion, proportion, share, contingent, allowance, allotment, measure, quantity, ratio, ration, slice, lot, rate, part, percentage. konteyner container (kap); synonyms (n) box, jar, package, basket, carton, cylinder, envelope, pan, pot, vessel, bin, parcel, cistern, barrel, bottle. kontluk county; synonyms (n) region, state, area, district, shire, mofussil, constituency, kingdom, count, expanse. kontrast contrast; synonyms (n) contrariety, antithesis, comparison, distinction, difference, variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ, conflict, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint; antonym (n) similarity. kontrat contract; synonyms (n) compact, charter, (v) covenant, bargain, concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch.

kontrol 1. control (denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (n) rule, authority, care, hold, influence, sway, ascendancy, ascendency, (v) command, check, curb, bridle, conduct, handle, conquer; antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

288

Turkish - English

share, 2. check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, hinder, (n) control, arrest, bill, cheque, stay, 3. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n) examination, review, surveillance, exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study, survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight, supervision, (v) inspect. kontrolör controller; synonyms (n) administrator, superintendent, accountant, comptroller, control, director, governor, manager, regulator, ruler, leader, boss, head, supervisor. Kontur outline (özet); synonyms (n) sketch, design, edge, abstract, contour, digest, figure, frame, synopsis, (v) draft, line, form, describe, draw, border. konu 1. subject (özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated, 2. matter (madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, business, concern, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, subject, topic, (v) case, count, 3. topic; synonyms (n) theme, text, thing, idea, 4. text (metin); synonyms (n) copy, script, words, document, book, textbook, argument, contents, letterpress, manual, passage, print, schoolbook, 5. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 6. heading (başlık); synonyms (n) caption, bearing, drift, head, title, course, direction, tack, name, header, leading, line, way, aim, gallery, 7. theme (tema); synonyms (n) base, composition, stem, motive, paper, basis, strain, thesis, gist, melody, piece, plot, radical, report, root. konuk guest (misafir); synonyms (n) stranger, caller, alien, customer, visitor, foreigner, client, visitant. konukseverlik hospitality; synonyms (n) generosity, friendliness, welcome, kindness, amiability, warmth, flexibility, hospitableness, hospitage, housekeeping, xenodochy, accommodation, affability, companionship, comradeship; antonym (n) unfriendliness. Konum 1. location (yer); synonyms (n) localization, orientation, position, berth, emplacement, fix, lieu, locale, locating, scene, setting, attitude, bearing, address, place, 2. position; synonyms (n) lay, condition, employment, opinion, placement, post, rank, set, arrangement, location, (v) grade, locate, arrange, install, point, 3. situation; synonyms (n) job, matter, circumstance, circumstances, office, seat, site, aspect, case, environment, posture, spot, state, function, disposition. konuşma 1. talk (konuşmak); synonyms (v) gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address, articulate, chat,

prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue, palaver, 2. speech (söylev); synonyms (n) delivery, expression, sermon, diction, communication, discussion, elocution, dialect, harangue, oration, talk, tongue, voice, (v) say, saying, 3. conversation; synonyms (n) conference, speech, talking, debate, chitchat, interlocution, interview, 4. address (adres, söylev); synonyms (n) accost, abode, residence, skill, allocution, greeting, appeal, domicile, dwelling, (v) greet, call, aim, apply, approach, direct; antonym (v) ignore, 5. discourse; synonyms (n) homily, article, dissertation, confabulation, declaim, exposition, memoir, (v) confer, recite, commune, preach, rap, discuss, dissertate, orate, 6. talking; synonyms (v) mean, (n) articulation, explanation, words, idiom, (adj) sound, good, healthy, heavy, intelligent, legal, levelheaded, profound, reasoned, loquacious, 7. speaking; synonyms (adj) expressive, garrulous, parlante, verbal, voiced, choral, lifelike, oral, (n) exclamation, interruption, speechmaking, vocalizations, cry, interpolation, outburst. konuşmacı speaker (hoparlör); synonyms (n) loudspeaker, narrator, orator, president, spokesman, conversationalist, chairman, talker, utterer, principal. konuşmak 1. talk (konuşma); synonyms (v) gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address, articulate, chat, prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue, palaver, 2. speak; synonyms (v) express, pronounce, deliver, say, utter, recite, talk, emit, mouth, state, vocalize, voice, mumble, declaim, read, 3. discourse; synonyms (n) sermon, harangue, discussion, homily, tongue, article, communication, dissertation, interview, oration, speech, chitchat, confabulation, (v) confer, commune. konut 1. residence; synonyms (n) abode, dwelling, home, house, accommodation, domicile, lodging, occupancy, habitation, mansion, place, manse, abidance, apartment, hall, 2. house (ev, mesken); synonyms (n) family, firm, building, edifice, housing, establishment, structure, ancestry, company, address, audience, business, concern, (v) accommodate, lodge.

konvansiyonel conventional (geleneksel); synonyms (adj) formal, orthodox, accepted, common, customary, everyday, conservative, decorous, established, habitual, normal, ordinary, routine, (v) commonplace, familiar; antonyms (adj) unconventional, radical, relaxed, unusual, original, rebellious, unorthodox. konvoy convoy; synonyms (n) guard, column, fleet, procession, safeguard, train, (v) accompany, conduct, guide, attend, bring, lead, (adj) escort.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kooperatif cooperative; synonyms (adj) combined, joint, accommodating, concerted, helpful, obliging, united, accommodative, communal, conjunct, conjunctive, (n) collective, association, commune; antonyms (adj) uncooperative, individual. koparmak 1. tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave, 2. pick (seçmek, toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, choose, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower. kopça hook; synonyms (n) clasp, crook, claw, crotchet, draw, lure, trap, anchor, (v) catch, bend, fasten, hitch, button, ensnare, attach. köpek dog; synonyms (n) cur, andiron, blackguard, click, detent, cad, cock, (v) chase, hound, beset, hunt, tail, track, trail, course. kopmak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. tear; synonyms (n) rent, hole, (v) break, rip, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave, dash, fly. köprü bridge; synonyms (n) span, viaduct, pontoon, tie, crossing, nosepiece, bluff, (v) stretch, connect, link, traverse, cross. köpük foam; synonyms (n) froth, spume, bubbles, lather, (v) boil, bubble, effervesce, seethe, fizz, suds, ferment, churn, gurgle, rage, (adj) fume. köpüksüz still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy. köpürmek 1. foam; synonyms (n) froth, spume, bubbles, lather, (v) boil, bubble, effervesce, seethe, fizz, suds, ferment, churn, gurgle, rage, (adj) fume, 2. rage; synonyms (n) fury, wrath, anger, passion, frenzy, craze, exasperation, fad, fashion, madness, (v) bluster, storm, (adj) indignation, flame, ire. kopya 1. copy; synonyms (n) imitation, trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate, ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake, mimic, record; antonym (n) original, 2. image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v) depict, envision. Kopyala copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate, ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake, mimic, record; antonym (n) original. kopyalamak copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate,

289

ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake, mimic, record; antonym (n) original. kör 1. blind (kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape, trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted, 2. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous. kordon 1. cord; synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie, twine, tape, lace, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable, (v) knot, 2. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, range, cord, filament, rank, series, sequence, procession, train, wire, (v) run, (adj) line. korelasyon correlation; synonyms (n) association, connection, relationship, bond, correspondence, correlativity, interrelation, link, comparison, equivalence, similarity, (adj) mutuality. körfez 1. gulf; synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove, abysm, inlet, pit, ravine, rift, hollow, 2. bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, embayment, gulf, niche, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. koridor 1. corridor; synonyms (n) aisle, hall, lobby, hallway, lane, vestibule, artery, alley, alleyway, path, portico, way, (v) passage, 2. hall (hol); synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, mansion, auditorium, anteroom, court, castle, concourse, antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory, entry, house, manor, 3. passage; synonyms (n) course, channel, gangway, journey, entrance, duct, opening, avenue, citation, excerpt, extract, movement, paragraph, pass, road. korkak 1. yellow (sarı); synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward, (adv) cowardly, 2. chicken (piliç, tavuk); synonyms (n) chick, cock, fowl, hen, crybaby, nestling, poultry, weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, 3. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, dreadful, anxious, apprehensive, awful, terrible, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome, alarming, dastardly; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 4. shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, chuck, pitch, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. korkmak fear (korku); synonyms (n) apprehension, awe, alarm, dismay, doubt, anguish, care, consternation, foreboding, fright, trepidation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

290

Turkish - English

worry, (v) dread, concern, reverence; antonyms (n) bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance. korkmuş 1. afraid; synonyms (adj) fearful, timid, shy, anxious, apprehensive, frightened, nervous, scared, worried, horrified, terrified, uneasy, reluctant, (adv) cowardly; antonyms (adj) fearless, brave, 2. frightened; synonyms (adj) afraid, intimidated, restless; antonyms (adj) calm, confident, unimpressed. korku 1. fear (korkmak); synonyms (n) apprehension, awe, alarm, dismay, doubt, anguish, care, consternation, foreboding, fright, trepidation, worry, (v) dread, concern, reverence; antonyms (n) bravery, confidence, fearlessness, reassurance, 2. apprehension (anlayış); synonyms (n) comprehension, arrest, capture, misgiving, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, agitation, conception, detention, fear, horror, notion, premonition, (adj) anxiety; antonyms (n) release, calmness, 3. horror; synonyms (n) abomination, abhorrence, repulsion, revulsion, atrocity, aversion, disgust, dreadfulness, ghastliness, nightmare, antipathy, awfulness, distaste, terribleness, (adj) terror; antonym (n) pleasantness, 4. alarm (alarm); synonyms (n) alert, affright, unrest, warning, alarum, disquiet, (v) scare, agitate, horrify, panic, startle, appall, disturb, frighten, perturb; antonyms (v) calm, comfort. korkuluk barrier (engel); synonyms (n) barricade, bar, bulwark, dam, handicap, hurdle, obstruction, rampart, restraint, block, boundary, fence, hindrance, impediment, obstacle. korkunç 1. horrible; synonyms (adj) abominable, atrocious, awful, fearful, frightful, dire, dreadful, fearsome, formidable, ghastly, grisly, appalling, cruel, dismal, (v) horrid; antonyms (adj) pleasant, wonderful, lovely, nice, 2. terrible; synonyms (adj) horrible, monstrous, hideous, alarming, bad, direful, horrendous, horrific, horrifying, severe, shocking, painful, awesome, desperate, great, 3. awful; synonyms (adj) terrible, nasty, amazing, deplorable, detestable, disgusting, dread, gruesome, hateful, lousy, serious, sickening, tremendous, unpleasant, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) excellent, marvelous, 4. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly, anxious, apprehensive, craven, timid, eerie, dastardly, frightened, frightening, nervous, scared, shy, timorous, worried; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 5. terrific; synonyms (adj) fantastic, brilliant, enormous, fabulous, magnificent, marvellous, splendid, super, superb, extraordinary, grand, rattling, howling, outstanding, remarkable, 6. appalling; synonyms (adj) revolting, vile, unspeakable, woeful, dismaying, outrageous, unearthly, (v) grim, terrific; antonym (adj) admirable, 7. formidable;

synonyms (adj) arduous, difficult, forbidding, heavy, onerous, redoubtable, stiff, tough, herculean, rugged, hard, laborious, mighty, strong, ambitious, 8. dreadful; synonyms (adj) disastrous, grievous, calamitous, offensive, arrant, execrable, foul, heinous, ill, macabre, odious, portentous, repellent, repugnant, scandalous, 9. tragic; synonyms (adj) sad, catastrophic, unlucky, tragical, unfortunate, comic, heartbreaking, histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous. korkutma threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger, hazard, peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen, scourge, terror, warning; antonym (n) safety. korkutmak 1. cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully, intimidate, awe, browbeat, daunt, terrorize, discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash, 2. threaten; synonyms (v) menace, endanger, loom, offer, imperil, jeopardize, peril, approach, foreshadow, portend, impend, coerce, scare, augur, (n) threat; antonym (v) help. korna horn (boynuz); synonyms (n) hooter, cornet, klaxon, alarm, trumpet, aparejo, arm, faldstool, ophicleide, trombone, cup, beak, nose, basin, (v) butt. koro 1. choir; synonyms (n) quire, chancel, chorister, crypt, nave, transept, vestry, ensemble, clerk, consort, precentor, band, (v) chorus, sing, 2. chorus; synonyms (n) refrain, acclamation, song, tune, (v) choir, chant, (adv) descant, glee, madrigal, catch. körpe 1. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 2. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, (v) proffer, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough. korsan rover; synonyms (n) nomad, wanderer, rambler, ranger, roamer, traveler, vagabond, vagrant, itinerant, peregrinator. koru wood (ağaç, odun, tahta); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle. koruma 1. conservation; synonyms (n) maintenance, preservation, upkeep, keep, custody, protection; antonym (n) destruction, 2. protection; synonyms (n) defense, care, conservation, cover, defence, guardianship, security, shelter, aegis, auspices, shield, bulwark, hedge, escort, (v) guard, 3. preservation; synonyms (n) keeping, salvation, saving, creation; antonyms (n) extinction, release, 4. keeping; synonyms (n) charge, holding, observance, retention, safekeeping, trust, ward, coloring; antonym (n) end, 5. guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, watchman, convoy, fender,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English guardsman, safeguard, vigilance, watch, fence, attend, caution, bodyguard, conductor, custodian, defender, 6. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, sanctuary, haven, home, institution, madhouse, retreat, harbor, 7. patronage; synonyms (n) support, backing, clientele, condescension, favor, trade, assistance, aid, championship, countenance, help, business, encouragement, influence, (v) sustain, 8. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow. korumak 1. protect; synonyms (v) defend, keep, cover, preserve, hide, conceal, conserve, maintain, safeguard, save, screen, vindicate, insure, (n) guard, ward; antonyms (v) attack, expose, neglect, risk, 2. maintain (bakmak); synonyms (v) continue, justify, affirm, allege, assert, aver, declare, hold, bear, insist, support, sustain, uphold, endure, carry; antonyms (v) deny, change, 3. shield (kalkan, siper); synonyms (n) shelter, buffer, armor, protection, shade, defense, security, shell, covering, (v) secure, protect, buckler, harbor, patronize, harbour, 4. defend; synonyms (v) advocate, champion, shield, apologize, back, claim, excuse, substantiate, aid, endorse, espouse, oppose, patronage, arrest, asseverate; antonym (v) prosecute, 5. guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) bulwark, care, escort, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, vigilance, watch, fence, attend, caution, charge, 6. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, curtain, covert, drape, concealment, divider, (v) mask, cloak, filter, obscure, sieve, 7. save (kurtarmak, saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, free, hoard, liberate, redeem, retain, accumulate, amass, economise, husband, (prep) except, but, excepting; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 8. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, gain, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 9. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, top, bury, wrap, comprise, cross, (n) blanket, binding, camouflage, cap, lid, spread, coating, canopy, case; antonyms (v) reveal, uncover, 10. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) have, celebrate, confine, observe, reserve, commemorate, check, direct, rear, restrain, store, withhold, delay, (n) maintenance, subsistence; antonym (v) dump, 11. shade (gölge, gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) tinge, color, ghost, hue, cloud, apparition, darkness, dye, nuance, phantom, tone, (v) darken, shadow, tint, overshadow; antonyms (n) light, brightness, 12. preserve; synonyms (v) cure, pickle, perpetuate, record, (n) jam, jelly, conserves,

291

marmalade, preserves, reservation, sanctuary, asylum, grocery; antonym (v) destroy, 13. shelter; synonyms (n) refuge, hut, haven, lee, lodge, burrow, safety, lodging, retreat, housing, awning, aegis, port, privacy, (v) hovel. korunma 1. preservation; synonyms (n) conservation, maintenance, keeping, protection, custody, upkeep, care, salvation, saving, security, creation; antonyms (n) destruction, extinction, release, 2. protection (koruma); synonyms (n) defense, cover, defence, guardianship, shelter, aegis, auspices, preservation, shield, bulwark, hedge, escort, charge, lee, (v) guard. korunmak guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep. korunmuş protected; synonyms (v) covert, disguised, hid, (adj) secure, immune, saved, secured, sheltered, covered, comfortable, confined, cosseted, dependable, good, guaranteed. koruyucu 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector, champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. protective; synonyms (adj) defensive, preventive, caring, maternal, motherly, paternal, shielding, sheltering, affectionate, tender, (adv) fatherly, (v) protecting. koşan running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run. köşe corner; synonyms (n) bend, angle, turn, coign, dilemma, hole, niche, nook, predicament, quandary, recess, jam, fork, plight, fix. kösele leather (deri); synonyms (n) fur, fleece, skin, buckskin, fell, pelt, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh, hit. köşk villa; synonyms (n) mansion, cottage, house, accommodation, building, bungalow, cabin, castle, chalet, estate, farmhouse, home, igloo, lodge, manor. koşma 1. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj) stream, 3. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, attack, haste, (v) speed, dart, quicken, jet, accelerate, flush, fly, hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt. koşmak 1. run (çalıştırmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj) stream, 2. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

292

Turkish - English

attack, (v) run, speed, dart, hasten, quicken, jet, accelerate, flush, fly, (adj) burst, spurt. köstebek mole; synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol, spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj) mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment. kostüm 1. costume (giysi); synonyms (n) attire, clothing, apparel, clothes, dress, garb, suit, outfit, uniform, disguise, drapery, garment, garments, gown, (v) clothe, 2. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, (v) agree, fit, correspond, accommodate, adapt, answer, become, match, meet, please, adjust. koşturmak 1. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, (adj) burst, spurt, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) rule, career, conduct, direct, function, go, operate, pour, progress, rush, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, range. koşu 1. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj) stream, 2. race; synonyms (n) kind, family, competition, people, kin, nation, pedigree, birth, (v) run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, hunt, (adj) lineage, 3. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, continual, working, functioning, moving, consecutive, live, fluid, (n) motion, administration, operation, performance, handling. koşucu runner; synonyms (n) courier, contrabandist, messenger, offset, sprinter, offshoot, contestant, smuggler, stolon, candidate, carpet, flume, ingate, mooncurser. koşuk verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n) prose. koşul 1. condition; synonyms (n) circumstance, position, provision, status, standing, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament, rank, state, term, complaint, (v) aspect, provide, 2. provision (hüküm); synonyms (n) arrangement, condition, proviso, stock, article, board, requirement, stipulation, store, maintenance, planning, (v) preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack, 3. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, series, thread, tie, sequence, fiber, (v) run, (adj) line. koşullu conditional; synonyms (adj) contingent, dependent, qualified, hypothetical, guarded, given, provisional, provisory, subject; antonym (adj) unconditional. koşut parallel (paralel); synonyms (adj) equivalent, even, comparable, level, like, alike, matching, (n) equal, analogy, likeness, analog, (v) compare,

match, duplicate, agree; antonyms (adj) conflicting, dissimilar, (n) perpendicular, skew. kota quota; synonyms (n) portion, proportion, share, contingent, allowance, allotment, measure, quantity, ratio, ration, slice, lot, rate, part, percentage. kötek beating; synonyms (n) reverse, beat, defeat, thrashing, whipping, battery, battering, debacle, drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse, rout, (adj) pulsing; antonym (n) victory. kötü 1. bad; synonyms (adj) evil, adverse, harmful, immoral, naughty, poisonous, sad, sinister, wicked, malicious, infamous, appalling, awful, damaging, (v) decayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, pleasant, well, well-behaved, (n) good, 2. evil (fena, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, depraved, destructive, malign, vicious, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice, mischief; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) goodness, righteousness, 3. poor (fakir, fena); synonyms (adj) low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, pitiful, meagre, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, 4. nasty; synonyms (adj) dirty, loathsome, disgusting, filthy, foul, abominable, coarse, disagreeable, distasteful, hurtful, obnoxious, raw, repulsive, unpleasant, vile; antonyms (adj) agreeable, kind, nice, charitable, lovely, 5. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, nauseous, disordered, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, calamity; antonym (adj) healthy, 6. miserable (sefil); synonyms (adj) poor, abject, desolate, downcast, measly, unhappy, distressed, lamentable, cheerless, contemptible, dejected, depressed, despondent, (v) forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, generous, 7. sinister; synonyms (adj) dark, ominous, baleful, black, forbidding, menacing, threatening, malevolent, grim, inauspicious, minacious, minatory, ugly, fateful, obscure, 8. wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, sinful, mischievous, unholy, diabolical, hellish, iniquitous, nasty, pernicious, ungodly, impious, perverse, base, despicable, devilish; antonyms (adj) innocent, moral, pious, pure, 9. vicious; synonyms (adj) brutal, cruel, venomous, barbarous, savage, spiteful, profligate, fierce, ferocious, reprobate, heinous, dissolute, bitter, fell, furious; antonyms (adj) gentle, friendly, 10. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, surly, offensive, deformed, grotesque, horrible, monstrous, plain, shocking, sullen, dangerous, terrible; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, goodlooking, flowing, ornamental.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English kötülük 1. evil (fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 2. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt, bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice, wrong, (v) abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage, endamage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 3. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, adverse, nauseous, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, ailment, mischief, calamity; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well. kova bucket; synonyms (n) tub, bucketful, container, pail, scoop, mug, pipkin, skeel, tankard, pan, can, grab, skip, boat, car. kovalama 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search, quest, (v) hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track, trail, chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursuit; synonyms (n) chase, persecution, career, interest, job, business, employment, performance, following, occupation, pastime, aspiration, profession, line, activity. kovalamak 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search, quest, (v) hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track, trail, chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursue; synonyms (v) chase, dog, prosecute, course, haunt, hound, persist, tail, conduct, practice, court, keep, continue, engage, harass. kovan 1. barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel, barrelful, cask, container, vase, vat, jar, plug, much, pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly, 2. shell (kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, rind, bullet, case, casing, sheath, bark, carcass, crust, shot, (v) bomb, bombard, husk, pod, blast. kovmak 1. sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire, 2. dismiss; synonyms (v) cashier, cast, disband, discard, drop, bounce, cease, dispatch, banish, disallow, discount, displace, dissolve, eject, expel; antonym (v) employ, 3. exclude; synonyms (v) bar, except, ban, debar, shut, eliminate, forbid, omit, ostracize, deny, veto, disqualify, preclude, prevent, (adj) excommunicate; antonyms (v) include, incorporate, admit, comprise, permit, 4. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. kovuşturma prosecution; synonyms (n) indictment, accusation, execution, arraignment, impeachment, lawsuit, litigation, suit, charge, pursuance, citation, (v) pursuit. koy bay; synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl.

293

köy village; synonyms (n) hamlet, city, community, neighborhood, settlement, kraal, (adv) town. koyak valley (vadi); synonyms (n) ravine, dale, gully, vale, hollow, depression, gap, gorge; antonym (n) mount. köylü peasant; synonyms (n) boor, farmer, churl, bucolic, countryman, clown, hind, provincial, rustic, barbarian. köylüler peasantry; synonyms (n) coarseness, rusticity. koyma placement; synonyms (n) disposition, arrangement, emplacement, locating, location, position, order, place, positioning. koymak 1. put; synonyms (v) place, fix, lay, position, set, impose, couch, locate, pose, charge, pitch, arrange, assign, commit, (n) deposit, 2. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) put, regulate, define, adjust, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot, party, repose, (adj) fixed, fast, secure, ready; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 3. place (yer); synonyms (n) domicile, office, order, spot, attitude, base, job, location, situation, circumstance, center, (v) post, rank, station, install; antonym (v) remove, 4. lay; synonyms (v) lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, bet, impute, settle, wager, (adj) secular, calm, laic, worldly, (n) ballad, song, 5. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, impale. koyu 1. dark; synonyms (adj) black, dismal, cheerless, dim, obscure, blind, blue, deep, gloomy, murky, mysterious, (n) cloudy, darkness, evening, night; antonyms (adj) bright, sunny, fair, clear, pale, pallid, sunlit, (n) light, day, 2. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest, 3. dense (yoğun); synonyms (adj) compact, thick, close, crowded, crass, dull, heavy, impenetrable, solid, stupid, concentrated, dumb, firm, gross, lush; antonyms (adj) insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable, simple, sparse, 4. thick (kalın); synonyms (adj) dense, opaque, slow, stocky, familiar, fat, intimate, muddy, obtuse, broad, populous, frequent, chummy, coarse, (n) midst; antonyms (adj) thin, diluted, fine, slight, transparent, 5. deep; synonyms (adj) profound, absorbed, abstruse, dark, rich, sound, strong, wide, esoteric, large, abysmal, bass, cryptic, (n) brine, (v) intense; antonyms (adj) shallow, superficial, high, high-pitched, soft, weak, 6. stiff; synonyms (adj) rigid, hard, difficult, formal, inflexible, numb, rigorous, severe, sturdy, arduous, austere, (adv) tight, (n) stark, cadaver, corpse;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

294

Turkish - English

antonyms (adj) relaxed, flexible, floppy, supple, free, pliable. Koyuluk 1. darkness; synonyms (n) dark, night, shade, shadow, blindness, duskiness, gloom, murk, cloud, cloudiness, dimness, gloominess, iniquity, mirk, murkiness; antonyms (n) light, brightness, lightness, 2. consistency (tutarlılık); synonyms (n) consistence, agreement, body, coherence, consonance, conformity, congruence, congruity, density, uniformity, accordance, concord, compatibility, consentaneousness, accord; antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy, 3. intensity (yoğunluk); synonyms (n) force, forcefulness, depth, volume, fierceness, emphasis, energy, ferocity, forte, fury, glow, might, passion, power, (adj) strength; antonyms (n) dullness, indifference, weakness, 4. tone (ses, ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, disposition, feel, feeling, intonation, (v) color. koyun sheep; synonyms (n) mutton, goat, cattle, follower, stock, antelopes, bison, bleater, camels, chevrotains, cloud, deer, giraffes, goats, livestock. kral king; synonyms (n) emperor, mogul, sovereign, chief, baron, crown, magnate, ruler, tycoon, majesty, rex, monarch, power, ace. kraliçe queen; synonyms (n) empress, king, lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler. kraliyet 1. kingdom (alem); synonyms (n) country, domain, realm, dominion, empire, state, nation, territory, area, department, land, monarchy, reign, 2. royal; synonyms (adj) regal, imperial, majestic, magnificent, kingly, noble, princely, purple, sovereign, stately, grand, grandiose, great, imposing, monarchical. krallık 1. kingdom (alem); synonyms (n) country, domain, realm, dominion, empire, state, nation, territory, area, department, land, monarchy, reign, 2. realm; synonyms (n) kingdom, field, region, arena, ground, commonwealth, province, demesne, district, orbit, range, sphere, principality, soil, world. kravat tie (bağlamak); synonyms (n) band, connection, draw, lace, association, relationship, sleeper, (v) link, bond, attach, bind, join, knot, connect, fasten; antonyms (v) disconnect, untie, undo. kreasyon creation; synonyms (n) cosmos, production, world, composition, invention, conception, construction, creature, fabrication, formation, foundation, founding, piece, product, universe; antonyms (n) destruction, end. kredi credit; synonyms (n) credence, appreciation, belief, commendation, recognition, reputation, advance, account, acknowledgment, confidence, (v)

believe, accredit, ascribe, assign, attribute; antonyms (n) cash, (v) debit, discredit. krem cream (kaymak, krema); synonyms (n) pick, ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite, fat, salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim, ream. krema cream (kaymak); synonyms (n) pick, ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite, fat, salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim, ream. kreş nursery; synonyms (n) kindergarten, greenhouse, cradle, seminary, nest, glasshouse, puberty, pucelage, pupilage, reformatory, schoolroom, womb, childhood, playgroup, seminarist. kriket cricket; synonyms (n) tennis, (adj) equitable. kriko jack; synonyms (n) knave, flag, jackass, mariner, ace, burgee, jackfruit. kristal crystal; synonyms (n) glass, quartz, gem, (adj) clear, bright, pebble, translucent, crag, rock, stone. kriter 1. criterion (ölçüt); synonyms (n) benchmark, measure, norm, test, canon, mark, criterium, gauge, pattern, principle, proof, rule, touchstone, 2. canon; synonyms (n) doctrine, law, regulation, code, criterion, formula, statute, creed, prebendary. kritik 1. critical; synonyms (adj) acute, decisive, delicate, important, pressing, severe, ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, dangerous, fastidious, grave, imperative, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering, insignificant, approving, unimportant, 2. crucial (çok önemli); synonyms (adj) critical, essential, deciding, fundamental, indispensable, key, main, major, momentous, weighty, basic, central, (v) categorical, cross, cruciform. kriz 1. crisis (buhran, bunalım); synonyms (n) exigency, conjuncture, difficulty, emergency, juncture, pinch, circumstance, dilemma, situation, strait, depression, extremity, head, pass, predicament, 2. attack (hücum, hücum etmek, saldırmak); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 3. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 4. spell; synonyms (n) magic, fascination, bout, conjuration, incantation, period, sorcery, enchantment, turn, span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, (v) charm. kroki 1. sketch (skeç, taslak); synonyms (n) plan, drawing, outline, scheme, cartoon, project, (v) design, paint, draft, draw, picture, chart, delineate, depict, describe, 2. plan (proje); synonyms (n) aim, map, figure, intent, pattern, invent, form,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English arrangement, blueprint, (v) devise, intend, plot, arrange, conceive, contrive. kronik chronic; synonyms (adj) confirmed, habitual, inveterate, constant, accustomed, continuous, frequent, persistent, prolonged, regular, repeated, usual, (v) permanent; antonym (adj) temporary. kuantum quantum; synonyms (n) amount, measure, magnitude, quantity, mass, measurement, sum, total, amplitude. kubbe 1. dome; synonyms (n) cupola, arch, roof, cover, bean, noggin, arena, (adj) campanile, column, 2. canopy; synonyms (n) awning, screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor. kucak lap; synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset. küçücük tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute, diminutive, infinitesimal, midget, petite, petty, puny, slight, teeny, exiguous, baby, insignificant, (phr) minuscule, small; antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, gigantic, vast, large. küçük 1. small; synonyms (adj) little, minute, narrow, fine, inadequate, insignificant, low, minor, petty, slight, light, remote, cramped, young, limited; antonyms (adj) bulky, colossal, considerable, enormous, extra-large, great, huge, sizeable, giant, major, (syn) big, large, 2. minor (önemsiz); synonyms (adj) inferior, junior, lesser, lower, small, inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible, secondary, subordinate, trivial, unimportant, (n) child, juvenile; antonyms (adj) important, significant, basic, chief, fundamental, leading, main, overriding, superseding, serious, extensive, greater, senior, 3. little (az); synonyms (adj) diminutive, brief, short, some, tiny, exiguous, baby, bantam, contemptible, fiddling, humble, inconsiderable, miniature, (v) dash, bit, 4. petty; synonyms (adj) frivolous, paltry, mean, puny, measly, footling, niggling, piddling, trifling, insular, commonplace, picayune, piffling, shallow, stingy, 5. kid; synonyms (n) youngster, infant, toddler, tot, babe, teenager, brat, (v) joke, jest, banter, chaff, mock, fool, jolly, dupe, 6. miniature (minyatür); synonyms (adj) model, wee, midget, dwarf, teeny, infinitesimal, petite, (n) toy, copy, illumination; antonyms (adj) full-scale, full-size, 7. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide, 8. young (genç, yavru); synonyms (adj) green, immature, adolescent, fresh, new, raw, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, (n) offspring, progeny; antonyms (adj) old, mature, adult, (n) aged. küçülme decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen,

295

abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. küçülmek decrease (azaltmak); synonyms (n) decline, cut, cutback, diminution, (v) abate, lessen, abridge, diminish, fall, curtail, lower, wane, contract, decay, detract; antonyms (n) growth, extension, (v) increase, rise, grow, intensify. küçültme reduction; synonyms (n) contraction, decrease, decrement, diminution, rebate, cut, cutback, decline, depreciation, discount, drop, lessening, reducing, deduction, degradation; antonyms (n) increase, growth, intensification, strengthening, expansion, extension, restoration, rise. küçültmek reduce; synonyms (v) lower, pare, abbreviate, curtail, cut, debase, abate, condense, contract, diminish, shorten, concentrate, compress, (adj) abridge, lessen; antonyms (v) increase, bolster, expand, enlarge, exacerbate, intensify. küçümseme contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn, derision, disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule, shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy, disrepute, arrogance, defiance, disgrace; antonyms (n) respect, approval. küçümsemek slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide.

kudret 1. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 2. might; synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n) force, power, ability, influence, brawn, intensity, puissance, vehemence, authority, capability, efficacy, command, 3. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) potency, control, domination, effectiveness, aptitude, gift, jurisdiction, mightiness, rule, vigor, weight, (v) might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness. kudretli mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, immense, huge, grand, powerful, intense, high, big, forcible, great, large, strong, mammoth, cogent, formidable. kudurmuş mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied, demented, foolish, insane, delirious, angry, crazy, distracted, frenetic, lunatic, wild, irate, (n) furious, anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible. kuduz mad; synonyms (adj) frantic, frenzied, demented, foolish, insane, delirious, angry, crazy, distracted, frenetic, lunatic, wild, irate, (n) furious, anger; antonyms (adj) sane, calm, sensible.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

296

Turkish - English

küf mould; synonyms (n) mildew, cast, form, molding, moulding, stamp, modeling, casting, (v) mold, make, model, frame, fashion, forge, knead. küfe basket (sepet); synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound, corbeille. küfür 1. oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse, expletive, malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge, promise, swearing, assurance, adjuration, asseveration, blasphemy, agreement, sacrament, swearword, 2. abuse (kötüye kullanmak); synonyms (n) affront, misuse, harm, outrage, reproach, invective, (v) insult, mistreat, injure, assault, censure, damage, exploit, hurt, (adj) maltreat; antonyms (v) praise, respect. kuğu swan; synonyms (n) cygnet, aberdevine, cushat, ringdove, (v) ramble, roam, rove, wander, affirm, assert, aver, avow, cast, drift, range. kükreme roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout, bark, noise, peal, (v) bellow, cry, bawl, howl, clatter, blare, call, holler, (adj) bluster; antonym (v) whisper. kükremek roar; synonyms (n) boom, thunder, shout, bark, noise, peal, (v) bellow, cry, bawl, howl, clatter, blare, call, holler, (adj) bluster; antonym (v) whisper. kukuleta hood; synonyms (n) cap, bonnet, cowl, cover, hat, coif, headdress, hoodlum, thug, malefactor, gangster, helmet, hooligan, punk, cowling. kükürt sulphur; synonyms (n) s, mho, quebrith, sec, second, siemens, south, (v) brimstone, sulfur. kul 1. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic, boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help, henchman, minister, messenger, dependent, vassal, slave, drudge, 2. slave (köle); synonyms (n) serf, servant, bondman, inferior, thrall, bondsman, captive, (v) labor, fag, toil, work, moil, sweat, 3. subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, national, (adj) liable, exposed, prone; antonym (adj) liberated. kül ash; synonyms (n) jasmine, lilac, privet, spark, (v) cinder, scoriae, soot, (adj) gray. kulak ear; synonyms (n) auricle, handle, hearing, lug, spike, capitulum, heed, earing, notice, crown, pinna, appreciation, discrimination, favor, (v) cultivate. kule tower (burç); synonyms (n) column, castle, pinnacle, monument, (v) soar, ascend, rise, arise, loom, building, edifice, erection, fabric, hulk, (adj) pillar. külfet 1. tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain, 2. task (görev); synonyms (n) job, assignment, commission, enterprise, labor, project, stint,

occupation, activity, business, chore, function, mission, (v) tax, exercise. külhanbeyi rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. kullanıcı user; synonyms (n) consumer, buyer, exploiter, addict, customer, freeloader, idler, moocher, occupant, patron, scrounger, shopper, slacker, stealer, (v) take; antonym (n) dealer. kullanılabilir available; synonyms (adj) accessible, free, possible, attainable, convenient, handy, obtainable, open, ready, uncommitted, usable, vacant, valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj) unavailable, occupied, suppressed, concealed, engaged. kullanılmış used; synonyms (adj) secondhand, exploited, accustomed, decrepit, depleted, exhausted, faded, habituated, hand-me-down, spent, threadbare, tried, victimised, victimized, wont; antonyms (adj) pristine, new, spanking, unused. kullanım 1. usage; synonyms (n) habit, practice, employment, method, convention, consuetude, exercise, treatment, usance, wont, ritual, system, (v) use, application, (adj) custom, 2. disposal; synonyms (n) disposition, administration, distribution, organization, sale, alienation, classification, adjustment, arrangement, control, direction, dispensation, order, adhibition, 3. use (kullanma, kullanmak); synonyms (n) benefit, function, (v) employ, expend, profit, advantage, exploit, occupy, operate, spend, exert, need, enjoy, (adj) usage, service; antonym (v) conserve. kullanımda busy (meşgul); synonyms (adj) active, brisk, assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile, crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, live, diligent, earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj) idle, free, inactive. kullanışlı 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available, convenient, apt, clever, expert, deft, dexterous, good, accessible, easy, commodious, functional, near, (n) ready; antonyms (adj) useless, clumsy, fixed, 2. convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable, handy, advantageous, appropriate, expedient, fit, nearby, opportune, timely, useful, snug, auspicious, becoming, close, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj) inconvenient, unwieldy, 3. available; synonyms (adj) free, possible, attainable, obtainable, open, uncommitted, usable, vacant, valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj) unavailable, occupied, suppressed, concealed, engaged, 4. practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable, efficient, feasible, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, positive, sensible, workable,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English working, constructive, hardheaded, businesslike; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, impossible, 5. useful; synonyms (adj) profitable, beneficial, practical, effective, valuable, gainful, serviceable, suitable, important, lucrative, instrumental, proper, propitious, sound, worthwhile; antonyms (adj) worthless, ineffective. kullanışlılık usefulness; synonyms (n) use, service, utility, benefit, convenience, practicality, avail, effectiveness, efficacy, value, advantage, good, handiness, (adj) worth, merit; antonym (n) uselessness. kullanışsız 1. awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy, inconvenient, crude, embarrassing, inept, sticky, uncomfortable, ungainly, untoward, left-handed, annoying, bungling, cumbersome, difficult, graceless; antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit, manageable, straightforward, convenient, dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple, 2. useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful, competent, effective, necessary, valuable. kullanma 1. use (kullanmak); synonyms (n) custom, practice, benefit, habit, application, function, (v) exercise, employ, employment, expend, profit, advantage, exploit, occupy, (adj) usage; antonym (v) conserve, 2. exercise (alıştırma); synonyms (n) discipline, play, movement, action, activity, example, operation, rehearsal, (v) drill, apply, use, exert, train, educate, do, 3. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. kullanmak 1. use (kullanma); synonyms (n) custom, practice, benefit, habit, application, function, (v) exercise, employ, employment, expend, profit, advantage, exploit, occupy, (adj) usage; antonym (v) conserve, 2. employ; synonyms (v) apply, use, consume, engage, hire, wield, busy, exert, ply, retain, spend, take, utilize, work, (n) service; antonyms (v) fire, dismiss, 3. handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, govern, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 4. apply (Uygula, uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote, ask, resort, lay, appeal, address, consecrate, daub, enforce, harness, hold, implement, refer, (n) give, 5. drive (sürmek); synonyms (n) ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia, 6. exploit; synonyms (v) act, abuse, prey, capitalize, develop, misuse, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance, doing.

297

külliyat corpus; synonyms (n) body, substance, material, matter, principal, stuff, pabulum, core, element, hyle, mass, parenchyma, principle, quantity, substratum. kulp 1. handle (sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 2. grip (kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v) hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab, grapple, gripe; antonyms (v) bore, release, 3. holder; synonyms (n) bearer, case, possessor, stand, container, proprietor, rack, tenant, carrier, bracket, occupant, owner, support, vessel. külrengi grey (gri); synonyms (adj) dim, dull, greyish, hoar, hoary, leaden, grayish, (n) grayness, greyness, (v) gray. kültür culture; synonyms (n) civilization, breeding, cultivation, acculturation, education, learning, tillage, erudition, courtesy, enlightenment, farming, instruction, refinement, agriculture, civilisation. kültürel cultural; synonyms (adj) ethnic, educational, enriching, racial, adorning, advancing, artistic, beautifying, beneficial, broadening, civilizing, constructive, corrective, developmental, dignifying. kültürlü sophisticated; synonyms (adj) complicated, refined, complex, cultured, experienced, urbane, involved, intricate, advanced, polished, suave, cosmopolitan, knowledgeable, cultivated, elaborate; antonyms (adj) naive, unsophisticated, coarse, inexperienced, insular, simple. kulübe 1. hut; synonyms (n) cabin, cot, booth, hovel, cottage, hutch, lodge, shanty, shed, shack, shelter, stall, 2. cottage; synonyms (n) bungalow, crib, hut, villa, chalet, house, 3. cabin; synonyms (n) chamber, room, apartment, 4. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, radiate, remove, slough, spill. kulüp club (sinek); synonyms (n) association, bat, circle, society, stick, baton, company, cudgel, fraternity, gang, group, guild, (v) beat, bludgeon, hit. kulvar lane; synonyms (n) course, alley, road, aisle, avenue, passage, path, track, way, line, artery, passageway, pathway, route, street. kum sand; synonyms (n) grit, guts, dust, beach, coast, seaside, backbone, dirt, gumption, shore, (v) sandpaper, rub, smooth, (adj) powder. kumanda 1. command (komut); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy, authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct; antonym (v) request, 2. control (denetim, denetlemek, kontrol); synonyms (n) care, hold, influence, sway, ascendency, dominance, regulation, (v) command, check, curb, bridle,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

298

Turkish - English

conduct, handle, conquer, contain; antonyms (n) freedom, weakness, (v) intensify, share. kumandan commander; synonyms (n) captain, chief, commandant, leader, head, governor, chieftain, conductor, master, skipper. kumaş 1. cloth; synonyms (n) fabric, material, cover, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 2. material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body, cloth, matter, substance, information, (adj) bodily, corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete, important, physical, real, essential, momentous, 3. fabric; synonyms (n) building, composition, frame, construction, framework, fiber, performance, anatomy, organization, production, texture, work, (v) edifice, structure. küme 1. group (grup); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump, company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster, rank, sort, 2. cluster; synonyms (n) batch, group, agglomeration, knot, lot, tuft, party, assembly, band, clustering, (v) bundle, huddle, collect, gather, assemble; antonym (v) disperse, 3. aggregate (toplam); synonyms (adj) sum, aggregative, all, collective, (n) total, agglomerate, whole, complex, pile, combination, compound, conglomeration, gross, (v) accumulate, amount; antonyms (n) individual, part, 4. bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope, store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely; antonym (v) withdraw, 5. mass (yığın); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, lump, magnitude, majority, accumulation, aggregate, body, multitude, throng, volume, wad, (v) congregate, load, swarm, 6. pile (hav, tüy); synonyms (n) mass, congeries, hoard, jam, nap, fortune, edifice, down, fur, mint, mountain, spile, (v) pack, amass, mob, 7. lump; synonyms (n) chunk, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, fragment, knob, lummox, piece, nub, intumescence, pimple, (v) clot, (adj) lout, 8. heap; synonyms (n) aggregation, cumulus, deal, peck, plenty, pot, raft, sight, slew, stockpile, bus, jalopy, (v) bank, arrange, fill, 9. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, congeal, (n) bent, circle, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid. kümelemek aggregate (toplam); synonyms (adj) sum, aggregative, all, collective, (n) total, agglomerate, whole, complex, pile, combination, compound, (v) accumulate, cluster, amount, collect; antonyms (n) individual, part. kümes pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, (v) enclose, confine, compose, impound, indite, write, inclose.

kumlu sandy; synonyms (adj) gritty, light, granular, arenaceous, sabulous, dusty, farinaceous, loose, mealy, powdery, branny, creamy, flaxen, flocculent, floury. kumpas stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. kumsal beach (plaj); synonyms (n) bank, coast, foreshore, shore, strand, coastline, land, seashore, shoreline. kupa 1. cup; synonyms (n) chalice, basin, trophy, destiny, fate, bowl, cupful, glass, portion, bleed, 2. heart (kalp, yürek); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux, essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, (adj) gist; antonym (n) edge, 3. plate (tabak); synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home, engraving, disc, armor, base, board, denture, plaque, plateful, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat. kupon coupon; synonyms (n) voucher, certificate, order, ticket, debenture, dividend, draft, warrant, advertisement, coin, verifier. kupür cutting; synonyms (adj) sharp, biting, keen, acute, bitter, caustic, acrimonious, acid, acrid, incisive, raw, sarcastic, satirical, (n) cut, clipping; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, (n) extension, freedom. kur rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate, merit, put. kür cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve, restore. kurak dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. kural 1. rule; synonyms (n) govern, order, decree, dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate, reign, authority, dictate, (v) command, control, influence, direct, 2. statute (yasa); synonyms (n) rule, constitution, charter, act, canon, edict, enactment, regulation, code, ruling, bill, pandect, proclamation, 3. law (hukuk, kanun, yasa); synonyms (n) jurisprudence, justice, police, axiom, directive, liberty, measure, prescription, tenet, constabulary, government, 4. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, injunction, instruction, kind, form, (v) commission, arrange, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 5. code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, key, codex, (v) cypher, encode,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English encipher, encrypt, 6. convention (kongre); synonyms (n) conference, congress, meeting, contract, assembly, convocation, council, custom, tradition, agreement, assemblage, bargain, gathering, habit, practice. kuralsız irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical, anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic, changeable, desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla, sporadic, strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms (adj) regular, constant, even, normal, smooth, symmetrical, compact, cyclic, equal, steady. kuram 1. theory (teori); synonyms (n) supposition, assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, speculation, idea, opinion, surmise, belief, presumption, thought, concept, postulation, postulate; antonym (n) fact, 2. hypothesis; synonyms (n) theory, condition, presupposition, proposal, view, conception, guesswork, model, possibility. kuramsal 1. theoretical (teorik); synonyms (adj) hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic, ideal, academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms (adj) practical, concrete, real, scientific, 2. academic; synonyms (adj) theoretical, learned, pedantic, scholarly, studious, bookish, didactic, educational, erudite, (n) intellectual, academician, scholar, professor, (v) scholastic; antonym (n) realist, 3. speculative (spekülatif); synonyms (adj) risky, inquisitive, notional, reflective, chancy, insecure, visionary, tentative, bad, imaginary, (v) contemplative, meditative, pensive, thoughtful, museful. kurbağa frog; synonyms (n) frogs, toad, aigulet, anuran, batrachian, chamois, epaulet, grasshopper, abutment, dollar, freshman, goat, salientian, toadfrog, slade. kurban 1. victim; synonyms (n) prey, quarry, object, sufferer, dupe, butt, gull, mug, sucker, target, cull, cully, fool, game, gobemouche, 2. offering; synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor, benefaction, boon, (n) contribution, donation, oblation, offer, present, presentation, endowment, bestowal, gratuity, reward, 3. sacrifice; synonyms (n) immolation, loss, forfeiture, cost, scapegoat, (v) offering, forfeit, immolate, give, lose, relinquish, propose, contribute, victimize, devote. kürdan pick (seçmek, toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower. kurdela ribbon; synonyms (n) band, riband, shred, strip, tape, decoration, medal, ribband, belt, fascia, thread, palm, fillet, string, stripe. kurdele ribbon; synonyms (n) band, riband, shred, strip, tape, decoration, medal, ribband, belt, fascia, thread, palm, fillet, string, stripe.

299

küre sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department, globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field. küresel global; synonyms (adj) general, international, overall, cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide, comprehensive, earthly, ecumenical, total, globose, globular, inclusive, orbicular, planetary; antonyms (adj) local, national. kurgu 1. fiction (uydurma); synonyms (n) fabrication, fable, falsehood, invention, lie, story, falsity, figment, novel, romance, sham, deceit, fib, forgery, legend; antonym (n) truth, 2. speculation; synonyms (n) hypothesis, guess, reflection, venture, guesswork, meditation, gamble, adventure, conjecture, supposition, surmise, theory, risk, cogitation, assumption. kurgusal speculative (spekülatif); synonyms (adj) risky, theoretical, academic, hypothetical, inquisitive, notional, reflective, chancy, conjectural, insecure, visionary, tentative, (v) contemplative, meditative, pensive. kürk fur; synonyms (n) coat, down, pelt, skin, fell, hair, fleece, feathers, fuzz, hide, (v) blanket, flannel, (adj) pile, wool, floss. kurma 1. institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college, 2. installation; synonyms (n) facility, inauguration, installment, investiture, plant, appointment, installing, introduction, settlement, 3. establishment; synonyms (n) business, company, constitution, institution, concern, enactment, administration, colonization, dwelling, footing, management, construction, enterprise, government, installation; antonyms (n) elimination, end, 4. foundation (temel); synonyms (n) base, basis, bottom, foot, principle, cause, cornerstone, fundamental, origin, support, nucleus, beginning, fundament, ground, grounds; antonym (n) top, 5. wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave. kurmak 1. build; synonyms (v) make, erect, establish, raise, rise, base, construct, create, fabricate, fashion, (n) form, shape, frame, construction, figure; antonyms (v) demolish, destroy, 2. install; synonyms (v) fix, inaugurate, appoint, crown, induct, instal, invest, lodge, place, plant, post, put, quarter, seat, set; antonym (v) overthrow, 3. found; synonyms (v) build, constitute, ground, institute, bottom, begin, cast, start, imbed, introduce, arrange, father, launch, originate, predicate; antonym (adj) misplaced, 4. establish; synonyms (v) confirm, prove, demonstrate, settle, ascertain, determine, found, certify, compose, corroborate, decide, enact, show, state, define;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

300

Turkish - English

antonyms (v) disprove, abolish, terminate, 5. institute; synonyms (n) academy, association, establishment, foundation, institution, organization, society, guild, club, (v) bring, initiate, ordain, install, broach, decree, 6. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) lay, locate, position, regulate, adjust, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot, party, (adj) fixed, fast, secure, ready; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 7. construct; synonyms (v) manufacture, produce, rear, assemble, compile, fabric, organize, cause, contrive, craft, design, devise, (n) concept, conception, notion, 8. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) border, anatomy, chassis, formation, stand, body, box, case, coin, framework, (v) draft, forge, couch, do, entrap, 9. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) ceremony, conformation, appearance, manner, mould, type, custom, character, aspect, (v) carve, comprise, generate, mold, acquire, array, 10. constitute; synonyms (v) commission, be, name, nominate, designate, configure, consist, represent, attain, 11. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) commence, drive, embark, spring, activate, arise, enter, flinch, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. kurmay staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court, (v) crutch, prop, stick. kurnaz 1. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow, 2. knowing; synonyms (v) canny, wise, (adj) aware, conscious, conversant, ingenious, smart, understanding, erudite, experienced, cognizant, foxy, deliberate, intentional, (n) cunning. kursak crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear. kürsü chair (sandalye); synonyms (n) chairman, bench, chairperson, president, throne, couch, chairwoman, professorship, shop, (v) moderate, conduct, lead. kurşun 1. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage; antonym (v) follow, 2. bullet (mermi); synonyms (n) shot, round, missile, pellet, projectile, slug, carcass, grenade, stone, ammunition, arrow, (adj) globule, spherule, bulb, drop. kurşunkalem pencil; synonyms (n) pen, beam, clump, cluster, gleam, group, light, (v) brush, draw, design, paint.

kürtaj abortion; synonyms (n) miscarriage, failure, fiasco, abortive, aborsement, castling, freak, termination, aborting, blunder, disappointment, incompletion, misadventure. kurtarıcı saving; synonyms (n) economy, conservation, preservation, rescue, cut, deliverance, delivery, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, save, chary, except, excepting, sparing; antonym (n) extravagance. kurtarılma salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption, delivery, rescue, justification, preservation, savior, (adj) conversion, adoption, beatification, regeneration; antonym (n) downfall. kurtarma 1. rescue; synonyms (n) deliverance, release, delivery, salvage, relieve, liberation, (v) deliver, extricate, ransom, free, recover, redeem, save, help, liberate; antonyms (n) involvement, loss, (v) abandon, 2. recovery (iyileşme); synonyms (n) rally, convalescence, improvement, reclamation, rescue, resurrection, retrieval, cure, healing, recuperation, restoration, revival, yield, regeneration, collection; antonyms (n) decline, return, 3. liberation; synonyms (n) emancipation, freedom, dismissal, freeing, relief, salvation, enfranchisement, escape, liberty, emission, firing, (v) discharge, acquittal, dismission, acquittance, 4. saving; synonyms (n) economy, conservation, preservation, cut, thrift, frugality, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, chary, except, excepting, sparing, careful, parsimonious; antonym (n) extravagance, 5. salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption, justification, savior, (adj) conversion, adoption, beatification; antonym (n) downfall, 6. redemption; synonyms (n) atonement, expiation, buyback, performance, repurchase, fulfillment, observance, recompense, reparation, satisfaction, 7. relief; synonyms (n) comfort, consolation, ease, relaxation, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation, encouragement, redress, rest, amends, assuagement, (v) assistance, assist. kurtarmak 1. save (saklamak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, hoard, keep, maintain, preserve, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, (prep) except; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 2. deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear, carry, save, abandon, bring, pronounce, render, return, send, utter, drop, acquit, remit, announce, 3. rescue (kurtarma); synonyms (n) deliverance, release, delivery, salvage, relieve, liberation, salvation, extrication, redemption, (v) extricate, ransom, recover, help, emancipate, recapture; antonyms (n) involvement, loss, 4. recover; synonyms (v) reclaim, recuperate, regain, retrieve, convalesce, find, heal, mend, rally, restore, improve, obtain, recall, recoup, repair; antonyms (v) deteriorate, lose, 5. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (adj) loose, frank, liberal, open, broad, empty, bountiful, (v) clear, exempt, discharge, excuse,

disentangle, disengage, ease, voluntary; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 6.

help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, alleviate, contribute, forward, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 7. relieve; synonyms (v) assuage, comfort, allay, mitigate, calm, console, disembarrass, mollify, palliate, remedy, dispense, (n) redress, pacify, (adj) absolve, relax; antonym (v) burden. kurtuluş 1. release (serbest bırakmak); synonyms (n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, (v) exempt, free, liberate, pardon, absolve, acquit, deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement, preservation, (v) capture, confine, imprison, arrest, catch, 2. escape (kaçmak); synonyms (v) elude, break, dodge, avoid, evade, run, bolt, circumvent, leave, duck, bilk, (n) leak, avoidance, evasion, outlet; antonym (v) return, 3. liberation; synonyms (n) release, emancipation, freedom, deliverance, dismissal, rescue, delivery, freeing, relief, salvation, enfranchisement, escape, (v) acquittal, dismission, acquittance, 4. salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption, justification, savior, (adj) conversion, adoption, beatification, regeneration; antonym (n) downfall. kuru dry; synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. kurucu 1. founder; synonyms (n) laminitis, patriarch, author, beginner, creator, father, inventor, originator, sink, ancestor, (v) fail, flop, collapse, crumple, break, 2. promoter; synonyms (n) backer, advocate, booster, sponsor, patron, forwarder, friend, proponent, showman, supporter, champion, impresario, plugger, (v) artist, projector. kurul 1. commission; synonyms (n) board, mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment, charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, 2. committee (heyet); synonyms (n) council, commission, consignee, trustee, cabinet, bureau, staff, group, team, administration, assembly, class, commissioning, committal, conclave, 3. council; synonyms (n) congress, consultation, convention, convocation, diet, legislature, meeting, 4. board

301

(tahta); synonyms (n) bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, court, embark, plank, agency, card, cardboard, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark. kuruluş 1. enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy, courage, effort, endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture, corporation, 2. institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college, 3. institute; synonyms (n) association, (v) establish, found, build, constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin, bring, create, erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact, 4. installation; synonyms (n) facility, inauguration, installment, investiture, plant, appointment, installing, introduction, settlement, 5. establishment; synonyms (n) constitution, institution, enactment, administration, colonization, dwelling, footing, management, construction, enterprise, government, installation, order, organisation, proof; antonyms (n) elimination, end. kurum 1. institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college, 2. association (dernek); synonyms (n) affiliation, alliance, connection, assembly, affinity, company, fellowship, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, (v) assemblage, 3. institute; synonyms (n) association, (v) establish, found, build, constitute, appoint, form, fix, begin, bring, create, erect, initiate, base, (adj) enact, 4. corporation; synonyms (n) belly, business, concern, body, corp, firm, club, agency, group, incorporation, municipality, potbelly, conglomerate, 5. establishment; synonyms (n) constitution, institution, enactment, settlement, introduction, administration, colonization, dwelling, footing, management, construction, enterprise, government, inauguration, installation; antonyms (n) elimination, end, 6. society; synonyms (n) public, community, companionship, corporation, fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, guild, order, brotherhood, folk, friendship, gild, league. kurumak dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. kurumuş dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

302

Turkish - English

uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench.

kuruntu 1. imagination (hayal gücü, imgelem); synonyms (n) fantasy, fancy, vision, dream, conceit, imagery, invention, originality, caprice, conception, idea, imaginativeness, inventiveness, notion, reflection; antonym (n) reality, 2. vision (görme); synonyms (n) sight, view, daydream, imagination, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, apparition, hallucination, image, phantom, prospect, illusion, picture, 3. fancy; synonyms (v) imagine, wish, consider, crotchet, envision, like, assume, conjecture, (adj) conceive, elaborate, extravagant, ween, (n) desire, thought, whim; antonyms (adj) plain, unadorned, 4. apprehension (anlayış, korku); synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, confidence, calmness. kurutmak 1. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster, 2. dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench, 3. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate. kuş bird; synonyms (n) birdie, chick, fowl, girl, wench, hiss, shuttlecock, insect, mollusk, reptile, shellfish, worm, person, biddy, (v) birdwatch. kuşak 1. generation (üretim); synonyms (n) age, creation, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries, formation, offspring, period, time, day, birth, family, lifetime, (v) germination, 2. belt (bölge, kemer); synonyms (n) ribbon, area, strap, knock, strip, zone, bang, (v) band, hit, wallop, whack, beat, smash, whip, thrash, 3. zone (bölge); synonyms (n) district, region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer, territory, province, neighborhood, orbit, circuit, division, bed, 4. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, stripe, (v) ring, combine. kuşatma 1. siege; synonyms (n) blockade, besieging, assiege, beleaguering, estimation, grade, station, stool, (v) surround, beleaguer, hedge, overwhelm, 2. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier, enclosing, pen, addition, sty, case, envelopment,

fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, supplement, 3. investment (yatırım); synonyms (n) investing, investiture, clothing, siege, finance, venture, backing, obsession, property, installation, outlay, capital, covering, accession, assets. kuşatmak invest; synonyms (v) install, clothe, empower, endow, adorn, commit, crown, dress, endue, enthrone, indue, vest, inaugurate, induct, intrust. kuşku 1. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, misgiving, question, dispute, apprehension, incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v) distrust, query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect, demur; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, (v) trust, 2. suspicion (şüphe); synonyms (n) inkling, fear, hunch, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, guess, misdoubt, conjecture, feeling, (v) doubt, 3. question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, matter, problem, interrogation, issue, (v) inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, examine, enquire, argue, ask; antonym (v) answer. kuşkulanmak 1. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, misgiving, question, dispute, apprehension, incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, (v) distrust, query, suspicion, mistrust, suspect, demur; antonyms (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, (v) trust, 2. suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise, believe, disbelieve, divine, assume, fear, (adj) fishy, questionable, shady, suspicious, dubious; antonym (adj) trustworthy. kuşkulu 1. doubtful; synonyms (adj) ambiguous, debatable, dubious, disputable, distrustful, queer, questionable, suspicious, tentative, diffident, hesitant, indistinct, skeptical, uncertain, undecided; antonyms (adj) certain, trusting, convinced, reliable, confident, persuaded, provable, sure, 2. suspicious; synonyms (adj) suspect, doubtful, shady, incredulous, fishy, funny, jealous, mistrustful, shy, leery, apprehensive, wary, suspicion, doubting, mysterious; antonyms (adj) aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy. kuşkusuz doubtless; synonyms (adv) certainly, assuredly, questionless, undoubtedly, presumably, probably, unquestionably, (adj) sure, certes. kusma sickness; synonyms (n) illness, indisposition, complaint, malady, qualm, distemper, nausea, disgust, infirmity, affliction, loathing, ill, (v) disease, disorder, ailment. küstah 1. bold; synonyms (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, resolute, arrogant, barefaced, courageous, daring, fearless, heroic, intrepid, spirited, stalwart, bluff, brave; antonyms (adj) cowardly, timid, modest, 2. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 3. arrogant (kibirli); synonyms (adj) haughty, imperious, presumptuous, proud, dogmatic, boastful, conceited, condescending, disdainful, domineering, egotistical, insolent, overbearing, supercilious, vain; antonyms (adj) self-effacing, (syn) humble, 4. cool; synonyms (adj) cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, quench, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. küstahlık 1. brass (pirinç); synonyms (n) boldness, face, cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance, front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 2. gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate, pique, provoke, 3. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) brass, gall, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, jowl, presumption, buttock, jamb; antonym (n) respect. kusur 1. fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blame, blot, crime, delinquency, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 2. defect; synonyms (n) fault, shortcoming, imperfection, scar, dearth, deformity, foible, vice, want, default, inaccuracy, disadvantage, disease, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity, 3. failing; synonyms (adj) declining, failed, wanting, deteriorating, abortive, deficient, defective, dying, neglectful, (n) failure, inadequacy, decline, frailty, drawback, lapse; antonyms (adj) thriving, flourishing, well, (n) virtue, 4. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 5. deficiency (eksiklik); synonyms (n) absence, deficit, lack, scarcity, famine, insufficiency, scarceness, shortage, shortness, drought, defection, destitution, need, paucity, (v) fail; antonyms (n) excess, sufficiency. küsur odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque, exceptional, funny, abnormal, curious, droll, eccentric, extraordinary, singular, strange, chance, novel, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, even, typical. kusurlu 1. defective; synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty, imperfect, broken, incomplete, lacking, unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate, incorrect; antonym (adj) perfect, 2. faulty; synonyms (adj) defective, false, wrong, damaged, poor, amiss, tainted, blamable,

303

insufficient, mistaken, illogical; antonyms (adj) correct, flawless, 3. incomplete; synonyms (adj) halfway, short, unfinished, half, fragmentary, sketchy, scarce, fractional, uncompleted, wanting, uncomplete, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) complete, finished, whole. kusursuz 1. excellent (mükemmel); synonyms (adj) choice, estimable, admirable, superior, capital, beautiful, distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good, great, magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy; antonyms (adj) inferior, poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre, 2. perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 3. clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute, 4. precise (tam); synonyms (adj) accurate, correct, definite, minute, careful, certain, delicate, neat, particular, ceremonious, distinct, faithful, fastidious, formal, (v) close; antonyms (adj) imprecise, inaccurate, vague, rough.

kusursuzluk perfection (mükemmellik); synonyms (n) excellence, consummation, ideal, maturity, paragon, completeness, completion, finish, crown, development, flawlessness, ripeness, integrity, complete, perfect; antonym (n) imperfection. kutlama celebration; synonyms (n) gala, anniversary, commemoration, fair, feast, festival, festivity, holiday, merrymaking, party, solemnization, praise, rite, ceremony, (adj) dedication; antonym (n) lament. kutlamak celebrate; synonyms (v) commemorate, extol, keep, praise, acclaim, fete, honor, laud, solemnize, applaud, honour, distinguish, eulogize, exult, glorify; antonym (v) ignore. kütle mass (yığın); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, heap, crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump, magnitude, majority, accumulation, aggregate, amount, (v) flock. kutsal 1. holy; synonyms (adj) devout, divine, godly, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, celestial, pious, pure, pietistic, sanctified, sainted; antonym (adj) secular, 2. sacred; synonyms (adj) holy, consecrated, dedicated, inviolable, consecrate, devoted, sacrosanct, saintly, sublime, venerable, biblical, (v) solemn, majestic, imposing; antonym (adj) profane, 3. spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, immaterial, incorporeal, ethereal, mental, psychic, metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

304

Turkish - English

unworldly, inward, unearthly, apparitional, disembodied; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, earthly. kutu 1. box; synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v) unbox, 2. bin; synonyms (n) bunker, binful, box, silo, closet, locker, casket, trashcan, cellaret, commode, cupboard, (v) store, discard, fling, harvest, 3. can; synonyms (v) tin, dismiss, fire, might, pickle, pot, sack, (n) bathroom, behind, buttocks, lavatory, posterior, rump, jar, jail; antonym (v) hire, 4. chest; synonyms (n) bosom, bust, bureau, dresser, chamber, thorax, treasury, trunk, 5. case; synonyms (n) example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, action, cause, (adj) patient. kütük 1. log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block, diary, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet, logarithm, bobbing, calendar, (v) enter, chronicle, lumber, 2. file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, roll, series, string, line, (v) order, rasp, scrape, abrade, arrange, grind, 3. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, annals, (v) file, enroll, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, catalog, display, 4. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race, birth, commodity, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply. kutulamak 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight, hit; antonym (v) unbox. kutup 1. pole; synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar, 2. terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) final, last, definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n) depot, end, terminus, boundary, station, destination. kütüphane library; synonyms (n) bibliotheca, annals, archive, bibliotheke, den, documentation, documents, records, store. kütüphaneci librarian; synonyms (n) bibliothec, bibliothecary. kutuplu polar; synonyms (adj) arctic, diametric, opposite, cold, freezing, glacial, icy, pivotal, diametrical, frigid, frosty, frozen, gelid, (v) capital, head. kutupsal polar; synonyms (adj) arctic, diametric, opposite, cold, freezing, glacial, icy, pivotal, diametrical, frigid, frosty, frozen, gelid, (v) capital, head. kuvvet 1. force (güç, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus,

(v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 2. strength (güç); synonyms (n) force, power, firmness, intensity, vigor, endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness, amount, brawn, forcefulness, (v) might, capacity; antonyms (n) frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 3. energy (enerji, güç); synonyms (n) animation, dash, life, spirit, determination, effort, vitality, capability, action, activity, dynamism, go, push, stamina, verve; antonyms (n) lethargy, apathy, exhaustion, tiredness, idleness, sluggishness, 4. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) ability, authority, control, domination, effectiveness, aptitude, command, gift, jurisdiction, mightiness, rule, (v) influence, dominion, faculty, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, 5. action (etki, eylem, hareket, iş); synonyms (n) act, accomplishment, battle, deed, engagement, fight, movement, performance, play, behavior, case, lawsuit, measure, (v) achievement, combat; antonyms (n) inaction, inactivity, 6. might; synonyms (v) can, could, main, (n) puissance, vehemence, muscle, nerve, sway, violence, inclemency, 7. steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, fume, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas. kuvvetlendirmek strengthen; synonyms (v) consolidate, confirm, corroborate, brace, encourage, enhance, fortify, intensify, invigorate, bolster, buttress, harden, increase, stiffen, toughen; antonyms (v) weaken, undermine. kuvvetli 1. potent; synonyms (adj) powerful, cogent, forceful, forcible, influential, hard, mighty, persuasive, strong, efficacious, lusty, stiff, vigorous, (n) effective, effectual; antonyms (adj) weak, impotent, 2. strong; synonyms (adj) intense, able, deep, firm, stable, steady, durable, good, potent, rigid, robust, secure, solid, sound, (v) steadfast; antonyms (adj) bland, delicate, faint, feeble, frail, mild, pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, 3. mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, immense, huge, grand, high, big, great, large, mammoth, formidable, hardy, violent, massive, goodly, (adv) mightily, 4. intense; synonyms (adj) bright, acute, ardent, brilliant, fervent, fierce, burning, energetic, extreme, fiery, furious, heated, rich, severe, (v) vivid; antonym (adj) calm, 5. energetic; synonyms (adj) active, animated, brisk, busy, driving, dynamic, agile, emphatic, aggressive, efficient, enterprising, hearty, industrious, lively, spirited; antonyms (adj) lethargic, lazy, sluggish, inactive, indolent, languid, weary, apathetic, indifferent, listless, 6. vigorous; synonyms (adj) strenuous, athletic, healthy, smart, brawny, muscular, stout, sturdy, tough, valiant, (n) brave, rugged,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English courageous, (v) fresh, live; antonym (adj) unenergetic, 7. powerful; synonyms (adj) full, dominant, hefty, important, valid, convincing, husky, fit, herculean, impressive, nervous, noisy, puissant, significant, strapping; antonym (adj) powerless. kuyruk 1. tail; synonyms (n) rear, shadow, behind, butt, posterior, rump, stub, (v) follow, pursue, track, trail, chase, dog, tag, (adj) back; antonyms (v) head, front, 2. queue; synonyms (n) cue, rank, row, string, tail, wake, catchword, flap, humor, (v) line, align, adjust, aline, dress, find, 3. trail (iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) trace, path, course, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) haul, drag, hunt, train, draw, tow, pull, lag, stalk. kuyu well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. kuyumculuk jewellery; synonyms (n) jewel, jewelry. kuzen cousin; synonyms (n) nephew, friend, companion, allied. kuzey 1. north; synonyms (n) northland, n, union, brotherhood, conglutination, conjugation, coupling, join, jointure, marriage, (adv) northerly, northward, northwards, (adj) northbound, northmost; antonym (adj) south, 2. northern; synonyms (adj) north, boreal, arctic, hyperborean, frigid, septentrional. kuzeye up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance, effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over, uphill, cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep. kuzin cousin (kuzen); synonyms (n) nephew, friend, companion, allied. kuzu lamb; synonyms (n) dear, kid, beef, beloved, child, darling, dearest, flockling, honey, pork, twagger, ham, love, (adj) innocent, naive. kuzulamak lamb (kuzu); synonyms (n) dear, kid, beef, beloved, child, darling, dearest, flockling, honey, pork, twagger, ham, love, (adj) innocent, naive. kýrmýzý red (al, kırmızı, kızıl); synonyms (adj) crimson, flushed, carmine, glowing, rosy, ruby, sanguine, cherry, pink, radical, ruddy, scarlet, cerise, bloody, inflamed.

L laboratuvar laboratory; synonyms (n) lab, factory, course, elaboratory, operatory, (adj) experimental, alembic, stillatory. laf talk (konuşma, konuşmak); synonyms (v) gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, address,

305

articulate, chat, prattle, speak, (n) discourse, language, colloquy, conversation, dialogue, palaver. lağım drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster. lahza instant (an); synonyms (adj) immediate, present, exigent, prompt, clamant, crying, (n) moment, flash, jiffy, minute, point, second, tick, (v) pressing, urgent; antonyms (adj) gradual, longterm. laik secular; synonyms (adj) profane, lay, worldly, earthly, laic, temporal, terrestrial, (n) layman, (v) centennial; antonyms (adj) holy, religious, spiritual. lam slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. lamba 1. lamp; synonyms (n) light, look, beacon, view, glance, alfalfa, glimpse, lucern, (v) behold, regard, perceive, gape, gaze, inspect, observe, 2. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. lastik rubber (kauçuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize. latif beautiful (güzel); synonyms (adj) attractive, good-looking, bright, beauteous, fine, handsome, lovely, picturesque, pleasant, pretty, striking, sweet, adorned, ornate, dainty; antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive. laubali familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common, conversant, customary, everyday, intimate, commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, (n) accustomed, companion, comrade, habitual, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown. laubalilik 1. familiarity; synonyms (n) acquaintance, intimacy, casualness, closeness, experience, conversance, conversancy, knowledge, naturalness, nearness, fellowship, freedom, friendship, privity, understanding; antonyms (n) ignorance, unfamiliarity, 2. freedom (özgürlük); synonyms (n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease, liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, dependence, restraint, suppression. lavabo sink; synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall, set, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse, decay, flag, founder; antonyms (v) rise, float.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

306

Turkish - English

layık 1. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 2. worthy; synonyms (adj) noble, estimable, good, meritorious, respectable, valuable, deserving, honorable, suitable, virtuous, worthwhile, admirable, desirable, (n) celebrity, notable; antonym (adj) unworthy. lazer laser; synonym (n) beam. lazımlık stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory. leğen basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression, dock, hollow, tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful, cavity, cup, lavatory, pool, sink, washstand. leh polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. lehçe polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. lehte favourable; synonyms (adj) advantageous, auspicious, encouraging, favorable, lucky, opportune, prosperous, comfortable, easy, booming, flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering, roaring. leke 1. spot (benek, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, contaminate, pollute, mire, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean, 3. shame (ayıp); synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor. lekelemek 1. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, 2. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, dirt, grime, land, dust, (v) smudge, contaminate, pollute, mire, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean. lekeli spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled, speckled, blotchy, dotted, flyblown, piebald, multicolored, dirty, spotty, stained, tainted, besmirched, damaged, freckled; antonym (adj) plain. lekesiz pure (arı, saf); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere,

(n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated,

diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked. levha 1. sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf, canvas, film, paper, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail, 2. panel (panel, pano); synonyms (n) jury, defendant, committee, plank, set, sheet, wall, accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel. levrek bass (bas); synonyms (adj) deep, low, resonant, rich, sonorous, abstruse, booming, rumbling, cryptic, (n) basso, tenor, trout, violoncello, (adv) accompaniment, second. leziz delicious; synonyms (adj) delicate, appetizing, delightful, pleasing, agreeable, charming, dainty, delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious, savory, sweet, toothsome, grateful; antonym (adj) tasteless. lezzet 1. flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma, savor, smell, feel, feeling, relish, sapidity, savour, smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season, 2. salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, rhino, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, (v) cure, pickle, embalm, 3. taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto, mouthful, predilection, preference, refinement, (v) sample, discernment; antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness. lezzetli delicious; synonyms (adj) delicate, appetizing, delightful, pleasing, agreeable, charming, dainty, delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious, savory, sweet, toothsome, grateful; antonym (adj) tasteless. liberal liberal; synonyms (adj) generous, bountiful, free, handsome, abundant, benevolent, big, large, kind, ample, bounteous, broad, charitable, giving, tolerant; antonyms (adj) strict, oppressive, totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative. libre pound; synonyms (v) beat, pen, bang, crush, flap, grind, hammer, maul, palpitate, thump, mash, buffet, grate, baste, bruise. lider 1. leader; synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss, captain, director, head, chieftain, commander, conductor, administrator, lead, principal, hero, executive, superior; antonyms (n) follower, straggler, 2. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) front, point, foam, froth, crown, chair, brain, end, forefront, heading, (adj) foremost, great, (v) capital, direct, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v) follow, 3. captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) leader, master, commodore, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v) govern, manage. liderlik leadership; synonyms (n) guidance, command, lead, control, direction, authority, generalship, administration, influence, conduct, government, leading, management, supervision, supremacy.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English lif 1. fibre; synonyms (n) fiber, character, case, eccentric, grapheme, lineament, part, persona, reference, role, shred, toughness, type, 2. thread (iplik); synonyms (n) string, line, yarn, rope, twine, wire, cord, (v) file, range, penetrate, lace, pass, run, meander, permeate. lig league; synonyms (n) alliance, association, coalition, confederacy, federation, class, combination, confederation, union, connection, society, fellowship, (v) combine, confederate, band. likidite liquidity; synonyms (n) fluidity, fluidness, liquid, liquidness, fluency, humidity, runniness. liman 1. harbour; synonyms (n) haven, seaport, (v) harbor, entertain, contain, bear, hold, nurse, shield, 2. port; synonyms (n) asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock, embrasure, gate, harbour, interface, refuge, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard. limit limit (sınır); synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend. limon lemon; synonyms (n) automobile, gamboge, auto, buff, bum, car, clunker, corn, criticism, crumb, disappointment, dud, etc, failure, (adj) cheap. limonluk greenhouse (sera); synonyms (n) glasshouse, conservatory, nursery, grotto, hermitage, summerhouse, orangery. lisan 1. language (dil); synonyms (n) dialect, expression, speech, diction, idiom, lingo, tongue, conversation, jargon, terminology, vernacular, voice, word, words, address, 2. tongue (dil); synonyms (n) language, lingua, clapper, glossa, talk, knife, palate, parlance, spit, (v) lick, (adj) flippancy, flowing, fluency. lisans licence; synonyms (v) license, certify, endorse, evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest. liste 1. list (listelemek); synonyms (n) catalog, catalogue, file, inclination, index, schedule, calendar, enumeration, inventory, (v) lean, tilt, enter, enumerate, incline, itemize, 2. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow, wind, envelop, 3. schedule; synonyms (n) agenda, program, table, roll, chart, docket, plan, fare, arrangement, diagram, record, bill, procedure, (v) book, arrange, 4. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) note, account, annals, listing, registry, (v) enroll, chronicle, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, display, inscribe, date. listelemek list (liste); synonyms (n) catalog, catalogue, file, inclination, index, schedule,

307

calendar, enumeration, inventory, (v) lean, tilt, enter, enumerate, incline, itemize. literatür literature (edebiyat); synonyms (n) learning, letters, science, writing, novel, writings, knowledge, advertisement, art, circular, erudition, fiction, letterure, pamphlet, text. litre litre; synonyms (n) liter, l, fifty, lambert. lobi lobby; synonyms (n) hall, foyer, anteroom, hallway, lounge, vestibule, aisle, antechamber, corridor, entry, lane, passage, alley, artery, (v) buttonhole. loca 1. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v) unbox, 2. lodge; synonyms (n) house, club, cottage, hut, inn, (v) cabin, live, place, accommodate, deposit, fix, inhabit, quarter, (adj) abide, dwell. logaritma log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block, diary, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet, logarithm, bobbing, calendar, (v) enter, chronicle, lumber. logo logo; synonyms (n) emblem, logotype, sign, mark, badge, symbol, brand, character, image, crest, decoration, design, device, indication, motif. lokal local (yerel); synonyms (adj) native, sectional, topical, home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic, limited, internal, national, parochial, provincial, restricted, (n) resident; antonyms (adj) foreign, universal, worldwide. lokanta restaurant (restoran); synonyms (n) cafeteria, canteen, bistro, coffeehouse, buffet, cafe, refectory, café, nightclub. lokma 1. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 2. bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, nibble, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch. lokomotif 1. engine (makine, motor); synonyms (n) locomotive, machine, contrivance, implement, instrument, mechanism, organ, tool, utensil, 2. locomotive; synonyms (n) engine, conductor, (adj) locomotor, mobile, (v) train, airplane, autobus, automobile, bus, minivan, motorbike, omnibus, plane, subway, trolley. lombar port (liman); synonyms (n) harbor, haven, asylum, carriage, demeanor, pier, mien, bearing, deportment, dock, embrasure, gate, harbour, (adj) larboard, left; antonym (n) starboard. lord lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator. loş 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

308

Turkish - English

pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 2. gloomy; synonyms (adj) black, cheerless, dejected, depressing, desolate, disconsolate, dismal, downcast, dim, dingy, downhearted, funereal, melancholy, sad, dispirited; antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery, encouraging, happy, hopeful, light. LSD acid (asit); synonyms (adj) acerbic, acidic, bitter, caustic, sharp, sour, acerb, acrid, cutting, pointed, sarcastic, acrimonious, astringent, biting, (v) tart; antonym (adj) sweet. lüks 1. luxury; synonyms (adj) delicacy, luxurious, deluxe, gratification, indulgence, sumptuous, (n) comfort, extravagance, lavishness, luxuriousness, elegance, luxe, opulence, wealth, ease; antonyms (n) essential, paucity, 2. luxurious; synonyms (adj) voluptuous, costly, lavish, epicurean, grand, luscious, comfortable, expensive, magnificent, opulent, rich, palatial, princely, (n) lush, luxuriant; antonym (adj) cheap. lütfen please (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) delight, gratify, amuse, charm, entertain, like, oblige, enchant, enrapture, accommodate, divert, gladden, indulge, (adj) enjoy, content; antonyms (v) displease, annoy, anger, irritate, distress. lütuf 1. grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor, clemency, beauty, benediction, blessing, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider, 2. favour; synonyms (v) choose, prefer, privilege. lüzum 1. need; synonyms (v) lack, claim, require, destitution, indigence, involve, (n) demand, want, desire, deficiency, must, necessity, deprivation, requirement, absence; antonym (n) wealth, 2. occasion; synonyms (n) case, event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce, make, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, like, hope, crave, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth, penury, privation, shortage, pauperism, defect, distress, ambition; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. lüzumsuz 1. needless; synonyms (adj) gratuitous, unnecessary, dispensable, excessive, meaningless, pointless, preventable, wanton, (v) superfluous; antonym (adj) necessary, 2. unnecessary; synonyms (adj) redundant, needless, surplus, excess, spare, undue, useless, extra, unneeded; antonym (adj) reasonable, 3. redundant; synonyms (adj) pleonastic, wordy, additional, repetitious, exuberant, superabundant, supererogatory, supernumerary, verbose, windy.

M maalesef 1. unfortunately; synonyms (adv) regrettably, alas, unluckily, sadly, badly, adversely, athwart, contrariwise, crossly, disagreeably, disastrously, fretfully, grievously, imperfectly, inimically; antonyms (adv) fortunately, luckily, 2. sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad, deplorable, mean, miserable; antonym (adj) unrepentant. maaş 1. pay (ödemek); synonyms (v) compensate, compensation, liquidate, yield, afford, clear, expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings, fee, salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2. wage; synonyms (n) pay, payment, income, remuneration, stipend, (v) fight, engage, prosecute, pursue, hire, 3. salary; synonyms (n) emolument, gain, profit, revenue, reward, wages, 4. compensation; synonyms (n) amends, indemnification, price, atonement, redress, refund, reimbursement, reparation, return, satisfaction, settlement, bonus, consideration, penance, (v) restitution, 5. earnings; synonyms (n) profits, lucre, proceeds, receipts, returns, takings. mabet 1. temple (tapınak); synonyms (n) church, tabernacle, shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead, chapel, kirk, meetinghouse, basilica, chantry, conventicle, memorial, oratory, side, 2. sanctuary; synonyms (n) refuge, asylum, retreat, haven, safety, reservation, chancel, protection, shelter, resort, cover, harbor, port, security, temple. maç 1. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, (v) agree, mate, meet, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 2. game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun, entertainment, contest, diversion, match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, brave, (v) bet, gamble, wager. macera 1. exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply, employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance, 2. adventure; synonyms (n) venture, accident, chance, escapade, event, incident, undertaking, consequence, essay, circumstance, enterprise, experience, (v) hazard, risk, dare. macun cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete. madalya 1. medal; synonyms (n) decoration, award, prize, medallion, title, honor, laurels, palm, 2. decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n) adornment, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English trimming, accessory, badge, accolade, distinction, embroidery, enrichment. madde 1. matter (konu, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count, 2. item (kalem, parça); synonyms (n) piece, detail, entry, object, point, subject, thing, clause, component, entity, fact, feature, matter, part, (adv) also, 3. clause; synonyms (n) paragraph, provision, rider, section, chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement, stipulation, (v) passage, 4. stuff; synonyms (n) cloth, force, gear, goods, (v) cram, fill, jam, pack, pad, ram, squeeze, glut, gorge, load, shove; antonym (v) unstuff, 5. substance; synonyms (n) essence, meaning, significance, amount, core, gist, means, quintessence, implication, spirit, content, element, heart, kernel, marrow; antonym (n) triviality, 6. material (malzeme); synonyms (n) stuff, fabric, information, (adj) bodily, corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete, important, physical, real, essential, momentous, solid, tangible, 7. article; synonyms (n) commodity, composition, discourse, essay, paper, report, review, story, ware, dissertation, literature, merchandise, person, something, exposition, 8. thing (şey); synonyms (n) occurrence, happening, being, occasion, deed, episode, fad, circumstance, act, question, device, gadget, habit, situation, topic. maddi 1. material (malzeme); synonyms (n) body, cloth, matter, stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily, corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete, important, physical, real, essential, 2. tangible; synonyms (adj) material, actual, palpable, perceptible, evident, definite, sensible, genuine, adequate, commensurate, competent, discernible, enough, (n) applicable, available; antonym (adj) intangible. maden metal (metal); synonyms (n) ore, admixture, aggregate, alloy, clemency, favor, grace, honor, mercy, rock, character, courage, temper. madencilik mining; synonyms (n) excavation, minelaying, digging, extraction, dig, removal, withdrawal. madeni mineral; synonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) rock, petroleum, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone. mafsal joint (birleşik, eklem, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate. mağara cave; synonyms (n) cavern, hole, lair, cove, den, grotto, hollow, cell, (v) undermine.

mağaza 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop,

309

market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. shop; synonyms (n) store, factory, plant, workshop, house, outlet, workplace, (v) betray, purchase, grass, browse, denounce, frequent, patronize, peach. magazin magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal, cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip, entrepot, mag, comic, depository, arsenal, monthly, pamphlet, weekly, (v) store. mağlubiyet defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin, beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat, conquer, abolish, baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout, subdue, (adj) rebuff; antonyms (n) victory, success, win, (v) lose, surrender. mağrur proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified, disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted, conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated; antonyms (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed. mahal 1. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, 2. place (yer); synonyms (n) position, domicile, office, order, spot, attitude, (v) post, arrange, fix, lay, locate, rank, station, deposit, install; antonym (v) remove. mahalle 1. parish; synonyms (n) district, community, congregation, region, province, township, borough, church, area, constituency, neighborhood, town, subdivision, (adj) local, 2. quarter (çeyrek); synonyms (n) part, division, mercy, direction, portion, quart, fourth, (v) place, lodge, line, put, accommodate, billet, canton, divide, 3. district (bölge); synonyms (n) quarter, territory, circuit, county, field, jurisdiction, section, domain, country, ground, hemisphere, locality, municipality, realm, (v) zone. maharet skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse, accomplishment, address, adroitness, aptitude, cleverness, (adj) dexterity, craft, art; antonyms (n) clumsiness, inability, incompetence. mahkeme 1. tribunal; synonyms (n) court, judicature, judicatory, trial, bar, 2. court (avlu); synonyms (n) forum, close, field, tribunal, passage, judge, courtroom, courtyard, hall, justice, (v) woo, attract, invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun, 3. forum; synonyms (n) agora, assembly, pulpit, square, ambo, amphitheater, symposium, platform, rostrum, state, conference, assemblage, seminar, auditorium, fabrication. mahkumiyet conviction; synonyms (n) assurance, belief, certainty, condemnation, confidence, persuasion, faith, trust, firmness, creed,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

310

Turkish - English

determination, doctrine, judgment, reliance, security; antonym (n) uncertainty. mahpus prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive, hostage, accused, criminal, defendant. mahrem 1. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult, secrecy, clandestine, (n) privacy, arcanum, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n) known, public, 2. private (özel); synonyms (adj) personal, individual, secret, inner, esoteric, exclusive, intimate, particular, domestic, interior, lonely, own, privy, retired, special; antonyms (adj) communal, community, nationalized, official, stateowned, civic, shared, state. mahremiyet privacy; synonyms (n) seclusion, secrecy, confidentiality, darkness, privateness, retreat, concealment, loneliness, shelter, retirement, solitude. mahrumiyet deprivation; synonyms (n) bereavement, privation, cost, loss, need, want, deficiency, absence, damage, dearth, scarcity, destitution, disadvantage, distress, hardship. mahsul crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear. mahsus peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj) individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different, anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric, extraordinary, abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical. mahvetmek 1. destroy; synonyms (v) break, demolish, blight, despoil, annihilate, blast, crush, dash, destruct, devastate, devour, dismantle, (adj) desolate, abolish, consume; antonyms (v) build, preserve, create, make, 2. blast; synonyms (n) bang, slam, burst, gust, (v) attack, blare, bomb, boom, detonate, roar, smash, blow, bombard, (adj) discharge, explosion. mahvolmuş lost; synonyms (v) gone, missing, abandoned, (adj) doomed, forlorn, extinct, hopeless, bewildered, disoriented, forgotten, helpless, broken, confused, irrecoverable, absent; antonyms (adj) present, found, existing. mahzen cellar (bodrum, kiler); synonyms (n) vault, basement, cellarage, winery, cockpit, hold, bound, catacomb, cell, floor, sepulcher, tomb, vineyard, chateau, curvet. maiyet 1. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school, 2. suite; synonyms (n) retinue, series, entourage, apartment, cortege, flat, train, court, battery, group, rooms, (adj) round, succession. majör major (ana, büyük); synonyms (adj) chief, key, large, main, superior, considerable, master, grave, fundamental, great, higher, important,

leading, overriding, principal; antonyms (adj) minor, unimportant, lesser, petty, slight. makale 1. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance, donation, gift, offering, share, tax, effort, dues, endowment, grant, investment, part, participation, payment, present, 2. article; synonyms (n) section, object, thing, chapter, clause, commodity, composition, discourse, entity, essay, feature, paper, report, review, story, 3. story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel, stage; antonym (n) truth. makam 1. mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion, manner, method, form, way, condition, custom, guise, style, wise, appearance, approach, fad, modality, 2. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site. makara block (blok, tıkamak); synonyms (n) bar, barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder, encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open. makas switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace. makbul 1. grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful, agreeable, appreciative, beholden, indebted, obliged, pleasing, (n) welcome; antonym (adj) ungrateful, 2. acceptable; synonyms (adj) adequate, passable, satisfactory, good, correct, decent, desirable, grateful, palatable, permissible, reasonable, sufficient, suitable, tolerable, right; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, inadequate, unsatisfactory, disagreeable, forbidden, unbearable, unwelcome. makbuz receipt; synonyms (n) reception, acceptance, acknowledgment, acquittance, check, recipe, ticket, revenue, certificate, profit, account, invoice, voucher, contrivance, (v) acknowledge; antonym (n) dispatch. makine 1. machine; synonyms (n) instrument, apparatus, device, implement, car, contrivance, auto, automobile, gadget, organization, tool, automaton, computer, mechanism, motorcar, 2. engine (lokomotif, motor); synonyms (n) locomotive, machine, organ, utensil, 3. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, machination, plot. makineler machinery; synonyms (n) apparatus, machine, enginery, equipment, plant, gear, mechanism, system, tackle, installation. makinist 1. engineer (mühendis); synonyms (n) architect, mastermind, machinist, (v) devise, conduct, contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English finagle, fix, guide, hatch, manage, 2. driver (şoför, sürücü); synonyms (n) coachman, postboy, club, chaser, commuter, hoistman, pursuer, spanker. maksat 1. intention (kasıt, niyet); synonyms (n) idea, aim, end, intent, design, drift, goal, purpose, cause, animus, mind, motive, object, objective, plan, 2. purpose (amaç, niyet); synonyms (n) effect, purport, resolve, determination, function, meaning, decision, destination, ambition, aspiration, (v) intention, project, intend, propose, decide, 3. intent (amaç, niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed, rapt, eager, determined, ambitious, keen, purposeful, (n) import, spirit, point, 4. aim (amaç, gaye, hedef); synonyms (n) target, trend, will, bearing, direction, (v) direct, address, endeavor, aspire, strive, turn, attempt, drive, lay, (adj) tend. maksimum maximum; synonyms (adj) extreme, maximal, top, greatest, highest, supreme, ultimate, (n) limit, utmost, height, most, culmination, record, climax, peak; antonyms (adj) least, (n) minimum. makul 1. reasonable; synonyms (adj) just, moderate, rational, fair, legitimate, judicious, sensible, admissible, appropriate, cheap, due, equitable, impartial, inexpensive, intelligent; antonyms (adj) illogical, unreasonable, expensive, unfair, unsatisfactory, inadequate, 2. sensible; synonyms (adj) reasonable, aware, perceptible, prudent, sagacious, sane, wise, appreciable, sage, logical, practical, conscious, sapient, advisable, careful; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid, unwise, harebrained, hasty, 3. plausible; synonyms (adj) believable, credible, convincing, likely, specious, acceptable, feasible, probable, imaginable, ostensible, oily, potential, slick, trustworthy, apparent; antonyms (adj) implausible, unlikely, unbelievable, 4. sober; synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, earnest, quiet, solemn, modest, abstemious, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid, severe, composed; antonym (adj) intoxicated, 5. rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual, mental, sober, sound, lucid, philosophical, clever, coherent, discreet, justifiable, reasoned, right, cerebral; antonyms (adj) irrational, anxious. mal 1. asset; synonyms (n) advantage, strength, benefit, forte, purchase, good, plus, possession, virtue, investment; antonyms (n) liability, vice, 2. commodity; synonyms (n) merchandise, article, product, object, thing, goods, ware, effects, movable, something, valuable, accommodation, asset, belonging, chattel, 3. holding; synonyms (n) estate, belongings, hold, keeping, claim, capture, interest, occupation, ownership, property, retention, take, tenure, demand, (adj) retaining, 4.

311

livestock; synonyms (n) stock, ancestry, blood, bloodline, breed, broth, caudex, descent, fund, gillyflower, gunstock, inventory, line, lineage, horses, 5. goods; synonyms (n) cargo, freight, commodity, chattels, commodities, produce, stuff, wealth, load, consignment, gear, materials, possessions, products, (v) furniture, 6. property (özellik); synonyms (n) characteristic, capital, peculiarity, feature, character, nature, place, substance, faculty, assets, fortune, holding, means, (adj) attribute, quality. mali 1. financial (finansal, parasal); synonyms (adj) fiscal, economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial, crumenal, business, numismatical, sumptuary, budgeting, numismatic, pocket, 2. fiscal; synonyms (adj) financial, money, (n) treasurer. maliye finance; synonyms (n) funding, support, credit, backing, investment, (v) back, fund, sponsor, bankroll, underwrite. maliyet cost; synonyms (n) price, charge, amount, expense, toll, damage, disbursement, expenditure, fee, payment, rate, worth, sacrifice, budget, (v) be.

malumat 1. information (bilgi, enformasyon); synonyms (n) advice, communication, data, evidence, note, enlightenment, report, tidings, complaint, counsel, info, instruction, intelligence, material, warning, 2. knowledge (bilgi); synonyms (n) information, comprehension, acquaintance, erudition, grasp, lore, science, understanding, attainment, appreciation, dexterity, education, (v) cognition, (adj) art, wisdom; antonym (n) ignorance. malzeme material; synonyms (n) body, cloth, matter, stuff, fabric, substance, (adj) bodily, corporal, corporeal, substantial, concrete, important, physical, real, essential. mana meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) import, gist, implication, intent, design, essence, aim, connotation, consequence, content, intention, significance, drift, effect, interpretation. manastır 1. abbey; synonyms (n) convent, monastery, church, priory, clergyman, (v) cloister, 2. monastery; synonyms (n) friary, (v) abbey. manda mandate; synonyms (n) charge, injunction, authority, behest, command, bidding, instruction, authorization, commandment, commission, decree, dictate, order, edict, claim. mandıra dairy; synonyms (n) farm, laundry, bakery, bakeshop, confectionery, delicatessen, greengrocer, grocery, supermarket, buttery, factory, pasteurizer. manevi 1. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, decent, good, honest, right, chaste, proper, righteous, upright, virtuous, honorable, noble, pure, (n) lesson, meaning; antonyms (adj) immoral, bad, unwholesome, 2. spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy, immaterial, religious, incorporeal, pious, divine, ethereal, mental, psychic,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

312

Turkish - English

metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural, unworldly; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly. maneviyat 1. morale (moral); synonyms (n) spirit, confidence, temperament, character, feelings, mood, self-esteem, attitude, drive, esprit, humor, outlook, resolve, self-confidence, self-possession, 2. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, bravery, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, soul, fortitude, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body. manevra 1. movement (hareket); synonyms (n) motion, move, action, activity, campaign, crusade, advancement, cause, drive, passage, drift, flow, inclination, effort, evolution, 2. switching; synonyms (n) switch, shift, shunting, replacement, shifting, break, chemise, coupling, displacement, fault, fracture, permutation, sack, shimmy, slip. manga squad; synonyms (n) gang, brigade, crew, detachment, party, team, bunch, knot, band, company, section, troop, platoon, division, (v) set. mani 1. obstacle; synonyms (n) barrier, difficulty, drawback, check, hitch, obstruction, interruption, bar, deterrent, hurdle, let, (v) impediment, hindrance, block, delay, 2. stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, close, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, dwell, (n) halt, hold, stay, end, arrest, cease, curb; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong. manken model (model, örnek); synonyms (n) form, fashion, example, image, dummy, figure, prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, design, (v) copy, pattern, imitate, shape; antonym (adj) atypical. mantık logic; synonyms (n) argument, reason, reasoning, sense, order, logics, coherence, rationality, analysis, assumption, basis, brains, clarity, conclusion, consistency; antonym (n) stupidity. mantıklı 1. rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual, reasonable, intelligent, judicious, logical, sane, mental, just, practical, sagacious, sensible, sober, sound, wise, lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational, illogical, anxious, 2. logical; synonyms (adj) coherent, consistent, legitimate, rational, justifiable, valid, arranged, methodical, orderly, systematic; antonyms (adj) confused, imaginative, unintelligible, 3. sensible; synonyms (adj) aware, perceptible, prudent, appreciable, sage, conscious, sapient, advisable, careful, clever, cognizant, palpable, sensitive, shrewd, knowing; antonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, crazy, idiotic, imprudent, ludicrous, mad, outrageous, reckless, ridiculous, silly, stupid, unreasonable, unwise, harebrained, 4. valid (Geçerli); synonyms (adj) legal, right, genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic,

good, powerful, rightful, strong, true, cogent, real, effectual; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled, bogus. mantıksal logical; synonyms (adj) coherent, consistent, legitimate, rational, reasonable, sensible, justifiable, valid, arranged, lucid, methodical, orderly, systematic; antonyms (adj) illogical, confused, imaginative, irrational, unintelligible. mantıksız 1. unreasonable; synonyms (adj) foolish, absurd, excessive, extravagant, immoderate, undue, preposterous, exorbitant, illogical, inordinate, irrational, ridiculous, senseless, silly, unconscionable; antonyms (adj) reasonable, goodnatured, 2. irrational; synonyms (adj) inconsistent, blind, unreasonable, imprudent, unsound, insane, thoughtless, nonsensical, stupid, surd, unwise, deranged, incongruous, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) rational, logical. manto 1. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil, camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind, blanket, curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal, dissemble, hide; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal, uncover, 2. coat (palto); synonyms (n) coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) cloak, sheath, plaster, glaze, finish, paint. manyetik magnetic; synonyms (adj) attractive, charismatic, fascinating, inviting, magnetized, tempting, captivating, enchanting, glamorous, prepossessing, entrancing, engaging, seductive, hypnotic, dynamic.

manzara 1. view (bakış, bakmak, görünüm); synonyms (n) look, sight, judgment, opinion, scene, idea, outlook, prospect, thought, aspect, (v) regard, observe, see, consider, eye, 2. landscape (peyzaj, yatay); synonyms (n) scenery, view, vista, ground, lookout, panorama, perspective, picture, 3. scene; synonyms (n) background, display, environment, spectacle, act, appearance, position, arena, incident, location, set, setting, show, spot, (v) landscape, 4. prospect; synonyms (n) expectancy, anticipation, hope, possibility, chance, expectation, future, likelihood, probability, forecast, candidate, horizon, prognosis, survey, (v) explore; antonym (n) past, 5. scenery; synonym (n) nature, 6. sight (görüş); synonyms (n) vision, glimpse, eyesight, glance, ken, perception, (v) aim, descry, discern, perceive, behold, detect, find, notice, (adj) eyesore, 7. spectacle; synonyms (n) pageant, exhibition, phenomenon, performance, wonder, pageantry, play, pomp, representation, cavalcade, curiosity, lion, marvel, procession, (v) parade; antonym (n) modesty. manzume poem; synonyms (n) song, rhyme, verse, ballad, composition, sonnet, construction, fabrication, from, laughingstock, making, measure, meter, metre, writing.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

313

Maraton marathon; synonyms (n) race, (adj)

masal 1. tale; synonyms (n) story, account, narrative,

ambitious, classic, grand, heroic, impressive. marifet 1. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, joke, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 2. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse, accomplishment, address, adroitness, aptitude, cleverness, (adj) dexterity, craft, art; antonyms (n) clumsiness, inability, incompetence. marihuana grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp. marjinal marginal; synonyms (adj) borderline, border, peripheral, edge, fringe, bare, minor, negligible, unimportant, fringy, hardscrabble. Mark mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice. marka 1. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark, call, classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify, 2. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 3. mark; synonyms (n) evidence, score, character, heed, impression, imprint, sign, feature, badge, (v) blemish, characterize, grade, label, differentiate, (adj) notice, 4. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, cachet, emblem, die, hallmark, mold, (v) print, cast, impress, trample, punch, shape, note, emboss, mint, 5. brand; synonyms (n) blade, class, kind, stain, type, falchion, make, nature, slur, sort, sword, (v) denounce, stamp, (adj) stigma, blot, 6. check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill, cheque. marş march (mart); synonyms (n) walk, hike, parade, demonstration, ramble, trek, course, (v) journey, tramp, advance, border, pace, process, stride, stroll. mart march; synonyms (n) walk, hike, parade, demonstration, ramble, trek, course, (v) journey, tramp, advance, border, pace, process, stride, stroll. martaval story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel; antonym (n) truth. masa 1. table (çizelge, tablo); synonyms (n) board, chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console, platen, panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate, tablet, (adj) plate, 2. desk; synonyms (n) bench, box, coffer, table, caddy, caisson, case, casket, chest.

fable, fib, narration, recital, report, fiction, history, legend, lie, relation, yarn, gossip, 2. yarn (iplik); synonyms (n) tale, thread, anecdote, twine, string, line, strand, chronicle, cord, cotton, fabrication, invention, ribbon, saga, 3. story; synonyms (n) layer, falsehood, floor, level, novel, stage, storey, explanation, article, description, romance, allegory, loft, rumor, record; antonym (n) truth, 4. fiction (uydurma); synonyms (n) falsity, figment, sham, deceit, forgery, myth, 5. romance; synonyms (n) intrigue, affair, romanticism, vagary, exaggeration, (adj) extravagance, (v) court, flirt, exaggerate, woo, coquet, coquette, dally, mash, philander. masaüstü desktop; synonyms (n) background, backcloth, backdrop, ground, scope, setting. masif solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid. maske mask (maskelemek); synonyms (n) cover, conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind, guise, curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise, hide, dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose. maskelemek mask (maske); synonyms (n) cover, conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind, guise, curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise, hide, dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose. mason mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason, stonemason, architect, artificer, artist, maker, manufacturer, smith, carpenter. masraf 1. expenditure; synonyms (n) charge, cost, disbursement, consumption, expense, outlay, exhaustion, outgo, expenses, payment, price, spending, use, acquit, assets; antonyms (n) income, savings, 2. cost; synonyms (n) amount, toll, damage, expenditure, fee, rate, worth, sacrifice, budget, forfeit, bill, figure, loss, quotation, (v) be, 3. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, command, commission, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 4. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster, 5. expense; synonyms (n) detriment, disbursal. Masraflar expenses; synonyms (n) expenditure, charge, costs, fee, spending, overheads, payment, cut, financing, overhead, upkeep, outflow, payments. masraflı expensive; synonyms (adj) costly, sumptuous, dear, extravagant, luxurious, valuable, lavish, overpriced, exclusive, fine, high, precious,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

314

Turkish - English

rich, exorbitant, invaluable; antonyms (adj) cheap, inexpensive, reasonable, worthless. mastar 1. gauge (ölçü); synonyms (n) criterion, caliber, gage, calibre, (v) estimate, measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, appraise, 2. infinitive; synonym (n) undefined. masum 1. innocent; synonyms (adj) harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless, gullible, naive, pure, spotless; antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, wicked, 2. clear

(açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict. matara canteen; synonyms (n) flask, bottle, estaminet, posada, cafeteria, hall, amphora, bar, barrel, butt, caldron, carboy, cask, container, crock. matbaa press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. matbaacı printer (yazıcı); synonyms (n) pressman, typographer, correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter. matematik mathematics; synonyms (n) math, arithmetic, maths, mathesis, sums, reckoning. matkap 1. drill; synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, (v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate, instruct, perforate, pierce, tap, 2. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, piece, atom, drop, fleck, fragment, moment, part, portion, shred, snatch, (v) curb, scrap, scantling. matris matrix; synonyms (n) die, alembic, caldron, crucible, groundmass, uterus, matter, monotype, plasm, impression, mat, diagram, (v) gangue, course, gang. maun mahogany; synonym (n) brown. mavi blue; synonyms (adj) azure, depressed, down, gloomy, low, cheerless, dejected, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, naughty, sad, sapphire, spicy, black. mayın mine; synonyms (n) dig, excavation, pit, fund, vein, shaft, (v) excavate, sap, burrow, exploit, bore, tunnel, undermine, (adj) delve, gouge. mayıs may; synonyms (v) can, could, get, might, acquire, aim, amaze, arrest, arrive, baffle, beat, become, beget, begin, bewilder. maymun monkey; synonyms (n) ape, imp, primate, rascal, scamp, (v) tinker, meddle, tamper, trifle, cuckoo, echo, imitator.

mazeret 1. excuse (affetmek, bağışlamak, bahane, özür); synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve, acquit, condone, exculpate, forgive, justify, apologise, apologize; antonym (v) punish, 2. apology (özür); synonyms (n) excuse, plea, amends, defense, justification, regret, reason, explanation, vindication, acknowledgment, apologia, reparation. mazı gall; synonyms (n) anger, bitterness, cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate. meblağ sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount, aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute, (adj) all. mecaz metaphor; synonyms (n) allegory, analogy, parable, trope, fable, figure, comparison, metonymy, symbol, hyperbole, tralatition, emblem, hope, personification, story. mecbur bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free. mecburi 1. compulsory (zorunlu); synonyms (adj) obligatory, required, binding, involuntary, mandatory, necessary, imperative, forcible, essential, requisite, unavoidable; antonyms (adj) optional, voluntary, 2. forced; synonyms (adj) compulsory, compelled, bound, artificial, constrained, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored, obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free, unprovoked, spontaneous. mecburiyet obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond, commitment, duty, liability, charge, burden, necessity, need, onus, requirement, responsibility, covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option. meçhul unknown (Bilinmeyen); synonyms (adj) secret, strange, hidden, unfamiliar, nameless, obscure, unidentified, anonymous, foreign, mysterious, new, undiscovered, (n) stranger, alien, foreigner; antonyms (adj) known, familiar, famous, recognized, well-known. meclis 1. council; synonyms (n) assembly, board, congress, consultation, convention, convocation, diet, legislature, meeting, cabinet, conclave, 2. parliament (parlamento); synonyms (n) council, house, senate, fantan, 3. assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering, collection, congregation, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company, concourse, construction, flock, group, (v) assemblage. medeni civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic, affable, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic; antonyms (adj) rude, abrupt.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English medeniyet civilization; synonyms (n) culture, refinement, civilisation, cultivation, enlightenment, humanity, (adj) civility. medyan median; synonyms (adj) middle, medial, mesial, central, intermediate, medium, mid, normal, (n) mean, average, norm. medyum medium (orta, ortam); synonyms (adj) intermediate, fair, mid, (n) average, mediocre, mean, atmosphere, go-between, instrument, means, vehicle, agency, channel, environment, mediocrity. mefhum concept; synonyms (n) conception, notion, belief, idea, theory, view, vision, construct, impression, opinion, perception, thought. mekanik 1. mechanics; synonyms (n) mechanism, workings, procedure, 2. mechanical; synonyms (adj) automatic, instinctive, unthinking, automated, habitual, mechanic, mechanized, perfunctory, routine, industrial, (v) involuntary, blind; antonym (adj) manual. mekanizma 1. mechanism (düzenek); synonyms (n) apparatus, machinery, appliance, contrivance, device, machine, action, instrument, mechanics, agency, gear, vehicle, operation, means, medium, 2. machinery; synonyms (n) enginery, equipment, plant, mechanism, system, tackle, installation, 3. machine (makine); synonyms (n) implement, car, auto, automobile, gadget, organization, tool, automaton, computer, motorcar, organ, robot, scheme, utensil, contraption, 4. works; synonyms (n) factory, workings, mill, manufactory, deeds. mektep school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify, teach. mektup letter (harf); synonyms (n) epistle, mail, character, communication, dispatch, memorandum, message, note, type, inscription, learning, memo, missive, ticket, (v) print. mektuplaşan corresponding; synonyms (adj) congruent, comparable, equal, same, similar, commensurate, consonant, alike, analogous, correspondent, equivalent, like, matching, parallel, complementary; antonym (adj) different.

mektuplaşma correspondence (yazışma); synonyms (n) conformity, accord, agreement, communication, connection, coincidence, concord, affinity, analogy, congruity, equality, equivalence, parallel, parallelism, resemblance; antonyms (n) difference, asymmetry, dissimilarity. melek angel; synonyms (n) seraph, backer, benefactor, messenger, patron, saint, darling, (v) sponsor, support; antonym (n) fiend. melezlemek cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy,

315

grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered. melodi strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. meltem breeze; synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow, flurry, gale, rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move. memba 1. source (kaynak); synonyms (n) origin, root, cause, commencement, beginning, reason, head, parent, basis, derivation, germ, headspring, original, origination, reference, 2. fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source, well, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic, 4. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, correctly, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. meme breast (göğüs); synonyms (n) bosom, boob, chest, knocker, tit, titty, mammilla, bust, heart, mamma, nipple, pap, soul, spirit, (v) front. memleket 1. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 2. country (ülke); synonyms (n) home, land, area, commonwealth, place, region, territory, district, nationality, province, terrain, (adj) rural, rustic, public, provincial; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban. memnun 1. happy (mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful, 2. glad; synonyms (adj) jubilant, delighted, festive, delightful, genial, willing, beaming, blissful, happy, proud, elated, jovial, joyful, joyous, lief, 3. content (içerik); synonyms (n) capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness, happiness, (adj) fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight, gratify; antonyms (adj) tormented, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset, 4. pleased; synonyms (adj) glad, thankful, appreciative, comfortable, overjoyed, satisfied, grateful; antonyms (adj) displeased, angry, annoyed, worried, 5. satisfied; synonyms (v) convinced, (adj) full, pleased, certain, confident, sure, complacent, persuaded, sated, satiated, easy, positive, quenched; antonym (adj) frustrated. memnuniyet 1. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure, amends, complacency, content,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

316

Turkish - English

enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent, 2. pleasure; synonyms (n) delectation, fun, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination, amusement, bliss, entertainment, fruition, gladness, pleasance, satisfaction, desire, festivity; antonyms (n) anger, irritation, ache, boredom, nuisance. memnuniyetsizlik dissatisfaction; synonyms (n) displeasure, disappointment, disaffection, dislike, discontent, distaste, disquiet, disapproval, disapprobation, regret, aversion, disfavor, disinclination, ennui; antonyms (n) satisfaction, contentment. memnunluk satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure, amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent. memur 1. official; synonyms (adj) formal, functional, regular, proper, sanctioned, magisterial, (n) officer, minister, bureaucrat, executive, functionary, administrator, (v) authoritative, administrative, authentic; antonyms (adj) unofficial, private, illegal, informal, 2. officer; synonyms (n) captain, commander, officeholder, official, agent, manager, leader, policeman, representative, skipper, supervisor. memuriyet service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. mendil handkerchief; synonyms (n) hankie, napkin, cravat, hanky, wipe, collar, (v) cloth. mendirek mole (köstebek); synonyms (n) breakwater, jetty, freckle, bulwark, groyne, mol, spy, blemish, counterspy, groin, growth, (adj) mound, barrow, hillock, (v) embankment.

menfaat 1. advantage (avantaj, üstünlük, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency, good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v) disadvantage, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, allowance, asset, (v) aid, assist, help, advance, pay; antonyms (n) loss, (v) harm. mengene press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. meni seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ, issue, posterity, root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus,

brood, embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate, plant, sow.

menşe 1. origin (başlangıç, kaynak, köken); synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root, source; antonym (n) end, 2. source (kaynak); synonyms (n) origin, reason, head, parent, basis, germ, headspring, original, origination, reference, seed, spring, reservoir, fount, generator. menü menu; synonyms (n) fare, bill, card, carte, list, table, food, (v) cuisine. menzil 1. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor, 2. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, array, compass, reach, scope, domain, (v) line, arrange, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad, 4. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, circle, circumference, extent, room, breadth, ambit, boundary, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 5. carry (nakletmek, taşımak); synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume, admit, 6. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) overtake, obtain, attain, extend, make, pass, touch, equal, form, arrive, (n) fetch, stretch, gain, catch, capacity. mera field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere. merak 1. curiosity; synonyms (n) wonder, curio, curiousness, interest, oddity, rarity, nosiness, prying, prodigy, marvel, novelty, peculiarity, 2. interest (faiz, ilgi); synonyms (n) concern, advantage, affair, account, gain, hobby, behalf, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake, (v) engage, care, benefit, appeal, affect; antonyms (n) indifference, apathy, (v) bore, 3. cult; synonyms (n) craze, persuasion, fad, faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect, denomination, creed, vogue, church, trend, camp, division, 4. hobby; synonyms (n) amusement, avocation, cockhorse, pastime, pursuit, entertainment, diversion, hobbyhorse, recreation, sideline, activity, 5. concern; synonyms (n) business, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden, disquiet, fear, firm, (v) worry, trouble, import; antonym (v) unconcern, 6. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) torment, distress, tease, annoy, disturb, molest, vex, agitate, fret, (n) harass, pain, fuss, annoyance,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English sorrow, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance. meraklı 1. interested; synonyms (adj) concerned, curious, involved, inquiring, inquisitive, keen, attentive; antonyms (adj) apathetic, uninterested, 2. curious; synonyms (adj) abnormal, funny, interested, odd, peculiar, strange, unusual, bizarre, extraordinary, quaint, queer, quizzical, remarkable, singular, weird; antonyms (adj) normal, incurious, ordinary. merasim ceremony (tören); synonyms (n) formality, courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence, observance, ritual, service. mercek 1. lens; synonyms (n) meniscus, sunglass, (v) glass, barometer, especially, glaze, goblet, hourglass, photograph, spyglass, tumbler, weatherglass, 2. objective (amaç, hedef, nesnel, objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, (n) aim, mark, goal, object, ambition, design, end, intent, intention; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 3. glass (bardak, cam); synonyms (n) pane, bottle, drink, bowl, cup, chalice, glassful, telescope, window, (adj) ice. merdiven 1. staircase; synonyms (n) stair, stairway, stairs, steps, chairlift, entrance, 2. ladder; synonyms (n) scale, run, washboard, discharge, (v) bleed, bunk, campaign, carry, consort, course, draw, endure, escape, execute, extend, 3. stairs; synonym (n) staircase. merhaba 1. hello (alo); synonyms (n) greeting, hi, howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail, 2. hi; synonyms (int) ciao, (n) hello. merhamet 1. mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity, forgiveness, grace, humanity, leniency, pardon, benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter; antonym (n) blame, 2. compassion; synonyms (n) mercy, commiseration, sympathy, remorse, tenderness, condolence, consideration, feeling, warmth, empathy, tolerance; antonyms (n) cruelty, indifference, 3. pity (acımak); synonyms (n) pathos, shame, comfort, sorrow, heart, (v) commiserate, compassionate, sympathize, condole, misery, 4. charity (sadaka); synonyms (n) bounty, dole, aid, generosity, liberality, virtue, gift, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms (n) miserliness, intolerance. merhametsiz 1. ruthless; synonyms (adj) merciless, pitiless, inhuman, remorseless, cruel, heartless, ferocious, brutal, grim, harsh, inexorable, relentless, unsparing, barbarous, bitter; antonyms (adj) merciful, charitable, kind, gentle, 2. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, grueling, knotty,

317

tough, alcoholic, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly. merkez 1. centre; synonyms (n) core, middle, heart, midpoint, (v) center, centralize, concentrate, focus, 2. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site, 3. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) bench, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, posterior, rear, rump, residence, berth, foundation, home, (v) contain, hold. merkezi central; synonyms (adj) basic, capital, cardinal, fundamental, chief, crucial, important, inner, key, main, pivotal, primary, centrical, core, (n) umbilical; antonyms (adj) peripheral, minor, regional, tangential. mermer marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite, leopard, (v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint, stone, quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb. mermi 1. bullet; synonyms (n) shot, round, missile, pellet, projectile, slug, carcass, grenade, stone, ammunition, arrow, (adj) globule, spherule, bulb, drop, 2. missile; synonyms (n) bullet, rocket, bolt, bomb, explosive, quoit, club, messenger, missive, weapon, beast, bird, bludgeon, cruise, cudgel. mertebe extent; synonyms (n) degree, extension, amplitude, expanse, amount, bulk, compass, distance, boundary, breadth, dimension, gauge, length, measure, (v) area. mesafe 1. distance (uzaklık); synonyms (n) remove, space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, period, place, range, (v) dissociate, outdistance, outstrip, (adj) length; antonyms (n) nearness, proximity, closeness, intimacy, (v) associate, 2. interval (aralık); synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, break, distance, interlude, hiatus, interim, pause, respite, span, cessation, rest, time, delay, interstice, 3. journey (seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt, excursion, expedition, passage, trip, course, flight, outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare, navigate, ramble, 4. space (alan, aralık, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) opening, scope, void, margin, emptiness, extent, latitude, location, room, field, volume, berth, area, blank, (v) separate, 5. way (yol); synonyms (n) method, path, road, route, track, custom, direction, form, manner, means, style, fashion, habit, mode, (v) practice. mesaj 1. message (ileti); synonyms (n) communication, meaning, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, lesson, note, significance, statement, word, direction, memorandum, advice, 2. communication (iletişim); synonyms (n) announcement, commerce, communicating, contact, conversation, discourse, epistle,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

318

Turkish - English

intercourse, message, news, notice, report, tidings, expression, language. meşale torch; synonyms (n) flashlight, brand, light, blowlamp, blowtorch, incendiary, teade, triggerman, (v) burn. mesane bladder; synonyms (n) cyst, vesica, balloon, capsule, utricle, vesicle, calyx, cancelli, newspaper, pod, (v) inflate. meşe oak; synonyms (adj) oaken, adamant, iron, steel. mesele 1. matter (konu, madde); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count, 2. affair (iş); synonyms (n) matter, job, occasion, occurrence, amour, duty, happening, party, subject, theme, thing, topic, transaction, meeting, affaire, 3. question (soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, problem, (v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire, mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer, 4. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, circulate, 5. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, action, (adj) patient, 6. business; synonyms (n) employment, calling, corporation, deal, occupation, profession, trade, vocation, work, affairs, commerce, dealings, finance, firm, house; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 7. problem (problem, sorun); synonyms (n) bother, conundrum, difficulty, trouble, knot, enigma, riddle, poser, dilemma, puzzle, snag, worry, nuisance, mystery, (v) question, 8. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level. meşgul 1. busy; synonyms (adj) active, brisk, assiduous, engaged, occupied, agile, crowded, industrious, meddlesome, officious, live, diligent, earnest, (v) occupy, employ; antonyms (adj) idle, free, inactive, 2. engaged; synonyms (adj) busy, betrothed, affianced, employed, engrossed, reserved, absorbed, working, pledged, bespoken, booked, immersed, intent, rapt; antonym (adj) available, 3. concerned; synonyms (adj) anxious, careful, interested, involved, thoughtful, apprehensive, considerate, nervous, solicitous, worried, affected, attentive, caring, fearful, troubled; antonyms (adj) unconcerned, uncaring, unfeeling. meşhur famous (ünlü); synonyms (adj) celebrated, eminent, splendid, distinguished, famed, illustrious, renowned, capital, conspicuous, important, known, notable, notorious, prominent,

stunning; antonyms (adj) unknown, infamous, ordinary. meşin leather (deri); synonyms (n) fur, fleece, skin, buckskin, fell, pelt, pigskin, (v) drub, thrash, thresh, hit. mesken house (ev); synonyms (n) family, home, dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, building, edifice, habitation, housing, establishment, structure, ancestry, (v) accommodate, lodge. meslek 1. occupation (işgal); synonyms (n) employment, occupancy, business, craft, calling, job, place, affair, career, conquest, function, line, profession, vocation, (v) trade; antonym (n) surrender, 2. job (iş); synonyms (n) chore, position, work, assignment, duty, matter, occupation, post, task, concern, labor, mission, office, stint, appointment, 3. profession; synonyms (n) confession, declaration, affirmation, assertion, assurance, avowal, testimony, avocation, allegation, skill, admission, walk, acknowledgment, art, claim, 4. calling; synonyms (n) call, pursuit, 5. trade; synonyms (n) deal, barter, commerce, swap, switch, clientele, interchange, custom, dealing, market, (v) change, exchange, merchandise, bargain, sell; antonyms (n) purchase, (adj) charitable. mesleki 1. professional (profesyonel); synonyms (adj) specialist, occupational, competent, technical, skillful, proficient, skilled, experienced, practiced, (n) expert, authority, master, pro, maestro, whiz; antonyms (adj) unpaid, unprofessional, (n) amateur, 2. occupational; synonyms (adj) commercial, functional, corporate, industrial, job. mesnet rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, repose, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, leisure, break, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work. meşru 1. lawful; synonyms (adj) legitimate, legal, just, rightful, constitutional, justifiable, licit, permissible, regular, right, true, equitable, fair, admissible, (n) allowable; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, 2. valid (Geçerli); synonyms (adj) sound, genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic, good, powerful, strong, cogent, real, effectual, lawful, hard, competent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled, bogus, illogical. meşrubat drink (içmek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. meşruluk legitimacy; synonyms (n) authenticity, justice, validity, genuineness, truth, fairness. mesul accountable; synonyms (adj) amenable, answerable, responsible, (v) liable. mesut happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful. met flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) stream, course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, gush, pour. metal metal; synonyms (n) ore, admixture, aggregate, alloy, clemency, favor, grace, honor, mercy, rock, character, courage, temper. meteliksiz broke; synonyms (adj) bankrupt, poor, impecunious, impoverished, insolvent, penniless, bust, destitute, ruined, skint, strapped; antonyms (adj) rich, solvent. methetmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos, admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol, honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n) criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle, disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold, chastise, denigrate, sully. metin text; synonyms (n) copy, matter, script, theme, subject, words, document, book, textbook, topic, argument, contents, letterpress, manual, passage. metod method (yöntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom, formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device, means, mode; antonym (n) disorder.

metodoloji methodology (yöntembilim); synonyms (n) method, attitude, line, organization, slant, style, system, tactic. metot method (yöntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom, formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device, means, mode; antonym (n) disorder. metre metre; synonyms (n) meter, measure, beat, rhythm, m, cadence, chiliad, g, grand, molarity, poem, thou, thousand, yard. metres mistress; synonyms (n) dame, concubine, inamorata, madame, lady, lover, missis, master, owner, schoolmarm, schoolmistress, teacher, woman, impropriator. metro 1. underground; synonyms (adj) clandestine, secret, covert, hidden, undercover, surreptitious, furtive, stealthy, belowground, guerilla, (n) metro, subway, tube, (v) buried, underhand, 2. tube (boru); synonyms (n) pipe, conduit, duct, hose, channel, cylinder, hosepipe, television, box, piping, bulb, shaft, roll, tubing, underground. metruk derelict; synonyms (adj) desolate, delinquent, abandoned, deserted, forsaken, neglectful, ramshackle, remiss, negligent, dilapidated, decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp, vagabond. mevcudiyet entity (varlık); synonyms (n) being, existence, object, thing, whole, article, creature, essence, individual, item, reality, part, piece.

319

mevcut 1. available; synonyms (adj) accessible, free, possible, attainable, convenient, handy, obtainable, open, ready, uncommitted, usable, vacant, valid, (adv) present, (n) applicable; antonyms (adj) unavailable, occupied, suppressed, concealed, engaged, 2. present (armağan, hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent, 3. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, feed, provide, cater, contribute, equip, outfit, produce. mevduat deposit; synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw. mevki 1. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place, bench, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position, post, posterior, (v) locate, put, contain, hold, 2. place (yer); synonyms (n) domicile, office, order, spot, attitude, job, location, (v) arrange, fix, lay, rank, station, deposit, install, pitch; antonym (v) remove, 3. location (Konum, yer); synonyms (n) localization, orientation, berth, emplacement, lieu, locale, locating, scene, setting, bearing, address, placement, positioning, seat, site, 4. position (konum); synonyms (n) condition, employment, opinion, set, arrangement, posture, situation, stance, stand, status, case, disposition, (v) grade, point, pose, 5. standing; synonyms (n) fame, importance, prestige, reputation, footing, class, repute, prominence, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance, permanent, stagnant, stationary, upright, 6. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, say, country, kingdom, show, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 7. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) standing, depot, dignity, quarter, room, state, appointment, sphere, degree, estate, garrison, department, (v) establish, ground, localize, 8. site; synonyms (n) space, area, locality, settle, habitat, (v) invest, 9. status (durum); synonyms (n) caste, circumstance, character, circumstances, level, juncture, eminence, shape, stature, title, link, peg, scale, (adj) precedence, pas, 10. situation; synonyms (n) matter, aspect, environment, function, form, context, pass, predicament, billet, event, occurrence, plight, thing, crisis, bureau. mevsim 1. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate, 2. tide (gelgit); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

320

Turkish - English

current, flow, stream, course, drift, run, time, race, rush, (v) wave, flood, surge, billow, noonday. mevsimlik seasonal; synonyms (adj) cyclic, periodic, intermittent, recurrent, seasonable, continuing, drifting, itinerant, migrant, migratory, nomadic, odd, perennial, recurring, regular. mevsimsiz premature; synonyms (adj) early, precocious, untimely, immature, forward, inopportune, previous, rash, unripe. mevzu subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. mevzuat 1. legislation; synonyms (n) lawmaking, legislating, law, conduct, government, gubernation, passage, administration, constitution, nomology, 2. regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system, convention. meydan 1. square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, (v) settle, agree, correspond, (adv) just, 2. room (oda); synonyms (n) chamber, latitude, occasion, apartment, hall, house, opening, opportunity, expanse, extent, flat, margin, cabin, field, (v) board. meyhane 1. pub; synonyms (n) bar, pothouse, barroom, inn, saloon, taphouse, ginmill, lounge, drinkery, gashouse, 2. saloon; synonyms (n) pub, sedan, taproom, tavern. meyil 1. bias (önyargı); synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness, 2. gradient; synonyms (n) grade, pitch, tilt, declivity, hill, inclination, incline, rise, abruptness, descent, ramp, (v) acclivity, ascent, 3. slope; synonyms (n) dip, decline, fall, gradient, brae, hillside, drop, side, (v) cant, lean, bank, tip, descend, sway, (adj) obliquity, 4. inclination (eğilim); synonyms (n) disposition, desire, fancy, affection, leaning, tendency, appetite, bias, proclivity, disposal, liking, mind, predisposition, propensity, set; antonyms (n) disinclination, reluctance, 5. tendency; synonyms (n) trend, direction, course, movement, predilection, aptitude, strain, taste, aptness, habit, intention, attitude, tenor, way, (v) aim, 6. trend (eğilim); synonyms (n) fashion, fad, vogue, mode, run, craze, (v) style, tend, sheer, verge, deviate, veer, bend, conduce, contribute. meyilli inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique, willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded, predisposed, ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v) given, (prep) disposed; antonyms (adj) level, reluctant, unwilling. meyve fruit; synonyms (n) effect, crop, outgrowth, product, consequence, issue, produce, production,

yield, development, (v) result, return, building, edifice, erection. mezar 1. grave; synonyms (adj) austere, critical, serious, severe, solemn, earnest, bad, dangerous, deep, grand, important, sad, sedate, (v) acute, engrave; antonyms (adj) mild, frivolous, funny, 2. tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt, sepulcher, pit, sepulture, vault, monument, entomb, (v) bury, inter. mezarlık cemetery; synonyms (n) graveyard, churchyard, necropolis, charnel, catacomb, crypt, garden, headstone, mortuary, ossuary, polyandrium, sepulcher. mezat 1. auction; synonyms (n) bidding, vendue, angle, cant, portsale, bargain, corner, hypocrisy, jam, niche, (v) auctioneer, sale, sell, demand, market, 2. sale (satış); synonyms (n) fair, disposal, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, inn, publication, (adj) cheap. mezhep 1. cult; synonyms (n) craze, persuasion, fad, faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect, denomination, creed, vogue, church, trend, camp, division, 2.

order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 3. religion (din); synonyms (n) piety, cult, devotion, holiness. meziyet merit; synonyms (n) worth, credit, desert, virtue, goodness, quality, significance, value, dignity, distinction, due, (v) deserve, earn, rate, (adj) excellence. mezun graduate; synonyms (n) alum, alumna, alumnus, grad, grade, connoisseur, file, licentiate, organize, sort, wrangler, (v) calibrate, catalogue, pass, divide. mide 1. stomach; synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest, 2. belly (göbek, karın); synonyms (n) stomach, inside, bowels, intestines, waist, entrails, gut, paunch, venter, (v) balloon, swell, billow, bloat, bulge. midilli pony; synonyms (n) crib, horse, nag, trot, clavis, jigger, tat, beast, cattle, charger, chigger, cot, courser, cribbage, hack. miğfer helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque, helm, hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor, aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate, brigandine, buckler. mihrap altar; synonyms (n) shrine, sacristy, sanctuary. mihver axis (eksen); synonyms (n) axle, pivot, hinge, center, hub, spindle, stem, pin.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English mikrodalga microwave; synonyms (v) cook, atomise, atomize, fix, nuke, warm, zap, vaporize. mikrofon 1. microphone; synonym (n) mike, 2. mike; synonym (n) microphone. miktar 1. amount; synonyms (n) number, quantity, aggregate, measure, sum, total, degree, extent, figure, price, volume, body, bulk, cost, (v) come, 2. quantity (nicelik); synonyms (n) amount, multitude, quantum, portion, heap, capacity, deal, magnitude, mass, value, dimension, measurement, piece, dose, length, 3. deal (anlaşma); synonyms (n) bargain, buy, agreement, arrangement, covenant, trade, (v) administer, allot, apportion, conduct, contract, cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n) purchase, 4. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) criterion, beat, benchmark, estimate, meter, act, allotment, action, bill, (v) grade, appraise, assess, evaluate, fathom, gauge, 5. number (numara, numaralamak, rakam, sayı, saymak); synonyms (n) count, score, issue, character, company, digit, numeral, quota, (v) calculate, enumerate, add, account, compute, list, reckon, 6. dose; synonyms (n) potion, dosage, draught, medicine, share, batch, doctor, shot, contingent, dividend, pill, (v) drug, 7. volume (cilt, hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) size, book, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, content, strength, contents, plenty, dimensions, space, (adj) pot, sight, power; antonym (n) quietness, 8. quantum; synonym (n) amplitude, 9. portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) part, division, constituent, component, fragment, parcel, section, dole, allowance, destiny, fate, fortune, (v) lot, divide, dispense. mil 1. mile; synonyms (n) knot, burl, gnarl, grayback, (v) cubit, ell, fathom, foot, furlong, hand, inch, line, nail, palm, rood, 2. shaft; synonyms (n) arrow, handle, axis, beam, pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance, mine, post, ray, well, (v) cheat. millet 1. nation (ulus); synonyms (n) state, country, kingdom, commonwealth, community, land, people, nationality, public, tribe, clan, folk, republic, race, territory, 2. people (halk); synonyms (n) nation, family, multitude, populace, mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, inhabitants, kin, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell, live, 3. country (ülke); synonyms (n) home, area, place, realm, region, soil, district, province, terrain, arena, (adj) rural, rustic, provincial, arable, pastoral; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 4. folk; synonyms (n) kindred, kinsfolk, man, persons, house.

milletlerarası international (uluslararası); synonyms (adj) worldwide, global, intercontinental, universal, external, away, broad, comprehensive, extensive, extraneous, important, major, outside,

321

significant, sweeping; antonyms (adj) national, insular, local. milletvekili deputy; synonyms (n) agent, surrogate, alternate, delegate, substitute, ambassador, assistant, replacement, representative, vicar, spokesman, envoy, help, (adj) proxy, acting. milliyet nationality; synonyms (n) nation, nationalism, patriotism, people, civism, race, folk, nationalness, birth, origin, residency, rights. milliyetçi nationalist; synonyms (adj) nationalistic, chauvinistic, jingoistic, separatist, superpatriotic, ultranationalistic, (n) patriot, loyalist, compatriot, partisan. milliyetçilik nationalism; synonyms (n) chauvinism, patriotism, loyalty, partisanship, xenophobia, devotion. milyar billion; synonym (v) milliard. milyon million; synonyms (n) meg, myriad, heap, mint. mimar architect; synonyms (n) creator, designer, founder, inventor, maker, originator, producer, artificer, author, builder, engineer, generator, manufacturer; antonym (n) destroyer. mimari 1. architecture; synonyms (n) building, frame, constitution, construction, framework, structure, formation, composition, edification, design, carcass, shape, engineering, planning, (v) organism, 2. architectural; synonym (adj) tectonic. mimarlık architecture (mimari); synonyms (n) building, frame, constitution, construction, framework, structure, formation, composition, edification, design, carcass, shape, engineering, planning, (v) organism. mineral mineral; synonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) rock, petroleum, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone. Minibüs van; synonyms (n) caravan, vehicle, front, truck, vanguard, carriage, car, bus, conveyance, head, (v) automobile, train. minicik 1. tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute, diminutive, infinitesimal, midget, petite, petty, puny, slight, teeny, exiguous, baby, insignificant, (phr) minuscule, small; antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, gigantic, vast, large, 2. wee; synonyms (adj) tiny, teensy, weeny, bittie, bitty, miniature, teentsy, (n) pee, (v) piss, make, piddle. minnettar grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful, agreeable, appreciative, beholden, indebted, obliged, pleasing, (n) welcome; antonym (adj) ungrateful. minnettarlık 1. gratitude; synonyms (n) appreciation, thanks, acknowledgment, feeling, anger, benediction, conviction, credit, recognition, resentment, tribute, honor, impression, merit, obligation; antonym (n) ingratitude, 2. appreciation; synonyms (n) admiration, approval, awareness, conception, estimation, grasp, praise,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

322

Turkish - English

respect, taste, understanding, adoration, wonder, approbation, discernment, (v) sense; antonym (n) depreciation. minör minor (küçük, önemsiz); synonyms (adj) little, inferior, insignificant, junior, lesser, lower, small, inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible, petty, secondary, (n) child, juvenile; antonyms (adj) major, important, significant, basic, chief, fundamental, leading, main, overriding, superseding, serious, considerable, extensive, greater, senior. mıntıka zone (bölge); synonyms (n) area, district, region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer, territory, province, neighborhood, orbit, circuit, division. minyatür miniature; synonyms (adj) little, diminutive, tiny, slight, minute, model, small, wee, midget, dwarf, teeny, infinitesimal, (n) toy, copy, illumination; antonyms (adj) enormous, extra-large, full-scale, full-size, large, (n) huge. miras 1. legacy; synonyms (n) bequest, devise, heritage, inheritance, heirloom, estate, will, gift, leftover, 2. inheritance (kalıt); synonyms (n) heredity, legacy, dowry, appanage, acquisition, dower, genetics, (v) descent, 3. heritage; synonyms (n) birthright, patrimony, tradition, ancestry, origin. mirasçı heir; synonyms (n) beneficiary, inheritor, offspring, successor, descendant, heritor, progeny, receiver, scion. misafir 1. guest (konuk); synonyms (n) stranger, caller, alien, customer, visitor, foreigner, client, visitant, 2. company; synonyms (n) companionship, society, association, band, business, cohort, collection, brigade, assemblage, bevy, club, companion, corps, crew, (v) accompany; antonym (n) solitude. misafirperverlik hospitality; synonyms (n) generosity, friendliness, welcome, kindness, amiability, warmth, flexibility, hospitableness, hospitage, housekeeping, xenodochy, accommodation, affability, companionship, comradeship; antonym (n) unfriendliness. misal example (örnek); synonyms (n) case, exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, sample, design, guide, model, paradigm, pattern, precedent, prototype, archetype, piece. mısır corn; synonyms (n) maize, clavus, cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep. Misket marble; synonyms (n) cheetah, granite, leopard, (v) foolscap, pillar, table, (adj) rock, flint, stone, quartz, pellet, bullet, globule, spherule, bulb. mısra verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n) prose.

misyon mission; synonyms (n) commission, delegation, deputation, job, assignment, charge, duty, goal, legation, chore, delegacy, errand, task, function, business. mit myth; synonyms (n) fable, legend, story, tale, allegory, fiction, fabrication, figment, tradition, conceit, maggot. miting 1. meeting; synonyms (n) confluence, convention, gathering, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, appointment, caucus, encounter, junction, meet, convocation, conclave; antonym (n) divergence, 2. rally; synonyms (n) meeting, (v) banter, gather, muster, congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge, mobilize, recover, ridicule, tease, jeer; antonym (v) demobilize. miyar standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special. mizaç 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor, 2. vein (damar); synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine, stripe, tone, cast, style, fund, funicle, stock, (adj) strip, 3. nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition, class, essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute, constitution, manner, mettle, temperament, type, genus, (adj) kind, 4. disposition; synonyms (n) bent, attitude, disposal, tendency, arrangement, bias, inclination, predisposition, propensity, direction, aptitude, array, distribution, heart, leaning, 5. temperament; synonyms (n) nature, personality, spirit, composure, equanimity, calmness, modulation, morale. mizah humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor. mizansen scene; synonyms (n) aspect, view, background, display, environment, outlook, panorama, picture, spectacle, lookout, perspective, act, appearance, look, (v) prospect. mobil mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless. mobilya furniture; synonyms (n) equipment, appointments, goods, fitting, movable, thing, movables, upholstery, apparatus, apparel, commodity, appurtenances, attire, (v) stuff, garniture. mod mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion, manner, method, form, way, condition, custom,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English guise, style, wise, appearance, approach, fad, modality. moda 1. fashion; synonyms (n) cut, mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, (v) form, construct, contrive, cast, create, make, 2. in; synonyms (prep) during, between, by, through, at, inside, (adv) indoors, inward, (n) inch, (adj) stylish, fashionable, inwards, trendy, within, modish; antonyms (prep) out, outside, 3. mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion, condition, style, wise, appearance, approach, modality, process, rage, system, type, vogue, kind, habit, 4. fashionable; synonyms (adj) elegant, classy, current, popular, chic, dressy, dashing, genteel, modern, newfangled, posh, rakish, smart, swanky, swell; antonyms (adj) unfashionable, unpopular, old-fashioned, 5. rage; synonyms (n) fury, wrath, anger, passion, frenzy, exasperation, madness, mania, chafe, (v) fume, bluster, storm, (adj) indignation, flame, ire. model 1. model (manken, örnek); synonyms (n) form, fashion, example, image, dummy, figure, prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, design, (v) copy, pattern, imitate, shape; antonym (adj) atypical, 2. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, mold, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, exemplar, formula, guide, make, original, paradigm, (v) mould, 3. specimen; synonyms (n) sample, instance, person, illustration, representative, type, 4. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct, arrange; antonym (n) chance, 5. sample (örnek); synonyms (n) specimen, assay, case, piece, precedent, appetizer, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, prove, sip, bit, (adj) test, trial, 6. standard (standart); synonyms (adj) normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, rate, gauge, benchmark, canon, column; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special. Modern 1. contemporary; synonyms (adj) contemporaneous, modern, current, new, present, recent, up-to-date, topical, existing, fashionable, fresh, simultaneous, coetaneous, (n) coeval, equal; antonyms (adj) past, old, old-fashioned, 2. modern; synonyms (adj) late, advanced, latest, contemporary, novel, stylish, innovative, chic, latter, modernistic, modish, newfangled, young, groundbreaking, (n) neoteric; antonyms (adj) ancient, antiquated, prehistoric, traditional, conservative, neurotic, old-time, primordial. modül module; synonyms (n) faculty, part, paradigm, subarray, bay, classes, constituent, course, diameter, lessons, program, protoplast, curriculum, piece, section.

323

mola 1. break; synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. pause (duraklamak); synonyms (n) break, intermission, rest, gap, interval, breather, cessation, hesitation, (v) halt, adjournment, delay, hesitate, desist, cease, (adj) discontinue; antonyms (n) decisiveness, (v) continue. molekül molecule; synonyms (n) atom, corpuscle, grain, iota, jot, particle, bit, mote, speck. moment 1. moment (an); synonyms (n) importance, consequence, flash, instant, jiffy, minute, import, bit, second, time, weight, hour, matter, juncture, magnitude, 2. momentum; synonyms (n) impetus, impulse, force, drive, impulsion, pace, thrust, velocity, moment, power, propulsion, speed, progress; antonym (n) inertia. monitör monitor (izlemek); synonyms (v) check, regulate, control, eavesdrop, observe, supervise, (n) admonisher, dame, ironclad, moderator. montaj assembly; synonyms (n) gathering, meeting, collection, congregation, convention, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company, conclave, concourse, (v) assemblage. mor purple; synonyms (adj) mauve, violet, imperial, lilac, regal, royal, embellished, majestic, (n) empurpled, magenta, purpleness, damask, ermine, mantle, (v) empurple. moral morale; synonyms (n) spirit, confidence, temperament, character, feelings, mood, selfesteem, attitude, drive, esprit, humor, outlook, resolve, self-confidence, self-possession. mostra sample (örnek); synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test. motif 1. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance, 2. motif; synonyms (n) design, motive, pattern, subject, theme, figure, text, matter, tune, badge, base, chorus, composition, crest, emblem. motivasyon motivation (güdü); synonyms (n) motive, impulse, cause, incentive, reason, spur, impetus, force, grounds, motif, provocation, stimulus, drive, inspiration. motor 1. engine (lokomotif, makine); synonyms (n) locomotive, machine, contrivance, implement, instrument, mechanism, organ, tool, utensil, 2. motor; synonyms (n) engine, automobile, car, conductor, (adj) motive, (v) drive, ride, travel. motosiklet 1. cycle (bisiklet); synonyms (n) bicycle, circle, round, ring, sequence, circuit, period, turn,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

324

Turkish - English

bout, beat, run, age, (v) bike, motorcycle, wheel, 2. bike; synonyms (n) motorbike, (v) cycle. mozaik mosaic; synonyms (n) tesserae, strigae, mixture, assortment, hodgepodge, mishmash, mixoploid, (adj) tessellated, heterogeneous, complex, motley, speckled, variegated, (v) plaid, tesselated. muaf immune; synonyms (adj) exempt, free, impervious, resistant, sacred, secure, privileged, allowed, excused, favored, insubordinate, irresponsible, licensed, repellent, resistive. muafiyet immunity; synonyms (n) exemption, freedom, franchise, dispensation, privilege, exception, invulnerability, liberty, release, resistance, safety, security; antonym (n) vulnerability. muamele 1. dealing; synonyms (n) commerce, trade, transaction, deal, exchange, business, concern, conduct, dealings, distribution, handling, traffic, barter, 2. treatment (tedavi); synonyms (n) cure, management, manipulation, therapy, medication, remedy, reception, attention, medicine, method, usage, use, discourse, (v) behavior, treat, 3. deal (anlaşma); synonyms (n) bargain, buy, agreement, arrangement, covenant, convention, compact, (v) administer, allot, apportion, contract, cope, distribute, truck, assign; antonym (n) purchase. muamma mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum, arcanum, enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle, secrecy, craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle, whodunit, cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness, explanation.

muavenet help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment.

muavin 1. help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 2. assistant (asistan, yardımcı); synonyms (adj) ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, subordinate, acolyte, accomplice, auxiliary, colleague, helper, adjutant, aide, associate, attendant, coadjutor, deputy. muayene 1. examination; synonyms (n) audit, check, exam, search, test, consideration, exploration, inquiry, investigation, study, survey, testing, contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n) examination, review, surveillance, scrutiny, observation, oversight, sight, supervision, view, watch, inquisition, look, reconnaissance, research, (v) inspect, 3. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, measure, criterion, (v) assay,

essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, try, analyze, attempt, (adj) experimental. muayenehane surgery; synonyms (n) operation, chirurgery, act, functioning, or, performance, procedure, process, treatment. muazzam 1. enormous; synonyms (adj) big, colossal, huge, immense, vast, excessive, exorbitant, great, large, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous, gargantuan, giant, gigantic; antonyms (adj) minute, small, tiny, insignificant, miniature, 2. mighty; synonyms (adj) enormous, grand, powerful, intense, high, forcible, strong, mammoth, cogent, formidable, hardy, potent, violent, massive, forceful, 3. huge (kocaman); synonyms (adj) extensive, elephantine, ample, considerable, jumbo, monstrous, monumental, heavy, untold, bulky, cavernous, cosmic, extreme, hefty, infinite. mübarek 1. holy (kutsal); synonyms (adj) devout, divine, godly, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, celestial, pious, pure, pietistic, sanctified, sainted; antonym (adj) secular, 2. sacred (kutsal); synonyms (adj) holy, consecrated, dedicated, inviolable, consecrate, devoted, sacrosanct, saintly, sublime, venerable, biblical, (v) solemn, majestic, imposing; antonym (adj) profane. mücadele 1. conflict; synonyms (n) clash, combat, fight, battle, contention, contest, dispute, encounter, action, antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, engagement, (v) collide; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, (v) agree, 2. contention (çekişme); synonyms (n) competition, argument, argumentation, conflict, assertion, controversy, discord, allegation, arguing, claim, opposition, quarrel, race, enmity, affray, 3. contest; synonyms (n) bout, altercation, struggle, debate, feud, game, match, fray, (v) compete, contend, argue, challenge, war, controvert, discuss. mücevherat jewellery; synonyms (n) jewel, jewelry. mucize 1. miracle; synonyms (n) marvel, wonder, prodigy, phenomenon, surprise, wonderwork, event, sensation, 2. wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle, muse, wonderment, appreciation, awe, curiosity, portent. müdahale intervention (araya girme); synonyms (n) intercession, interference, intermediation, intervene, arbitration, hindrance, intermission, (adj) mediation, interposition. müddet time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo; antonym (n) death. müdür 1. manager (yönetici); synonyms (n) director, administrator, coach, executive, head, leader, boss, chief, controller, governor, handler,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English superintendent, superior, supervisor, ruler; antonym (n) underling, 2. director (yönetici); synonyms (n) commander, manager, chairman, guide, master, principal, captain, officer, inspector, instructor, overseer, pilot, trainer, (v) conductor, direct, 3. administrator (yönetici); synonym (n) official. müfettiş 1. inspector; synonyms (n) examiner, supervisor, auditor, controller, investigator, superintendent, assessor, director, manager, overseer, reviewer, surveyor, visitor, administrator, husband, 2. supervisor (denetçi); synonyms (n) boss, chief, foreman, executive, head, inspector, superior, keeper, curator, custodian, steward, governor, guardian, leader, officer, 3. superintendent; synonyms (n) caretaker, super, janitor, master, ruler, warden. muğlak ambiguous (belirsiz); synonyms (adj) equivocal, indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain, evasive, slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic, doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite, (v) vague; antonyms (adj) clear, definite, unambiguous, unequivocal. muhabbet 1. affection (sevgi); synonyms (n) affect, charity, attachment, fondness, affectionateness, disease, feeling, heart, kindness, liking, love, tenderness, admiration, care, (v) regard; antonym (n) hatred, 2. love (aşk, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, benevolence, beloved, darling, devotion, honey, sweetheart, favor, (v) cherish, enjoy, like, worship, (adj) flame; antonyms (n) abhorrence, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor. muhabir 1. reporter; synonyms (n) newsman, commentator, correspondent, journalist, columnist, reviewer, newsperson, newswoman, (v) informant, intelligencer, authority, 2. correspondent; synonyms (n) reporter, equivalent, writer, (adj) analogous, concordant, parallel, corresponding, equal, appropriate, alike, conformable, fit, (v) congruous, consonant, accordant. muhafaza 1. enclosure; synonyms (n) coop, cage, barrier, enclosing, pen, hedge, addition, sty, case, envelopment, fencing, inclosure, insert, railing, ring, 2. conservation (koruma); synonyms (n) maintenance, preservation, upkeep, keep, custody, protection; antonym (n) destruction, 3. preservation; synonyms (n) conservation, keeping, care, salvation, saving, security, creation; antonyms (n) extinction, release, 4. protection (koruma); synonyms (n) defense, cover, defence, guardianship, shelter, aegis, auspices, shield, bulwark, escort, charge, lee, patronage, precaution, (v) guard. muhafazakâr conservative; synonyms (adj) moderate, bourgeois, conventional, cautious, reactionary, unprogressive, careful, right,

325

hidebound, orthodox, safe, traditional, intolerant, (n) square, traditionalist; antonyms (adj) activist, wide-ranging, (n) liberal, radical. muhafız 1. guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep, 2. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector, champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 3. keeper; synonyms (n) guardian, warder, caretaker, owner, custos. muhakeme reasoning; synonyms (n) inference, argumentation, deduction, argument, logic, sense, judgment, reason, thought, analysis, philosophy, (adj) rational, conscious, mental. muhakkak 1. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, definite, sure, absolute, assured, dependable, indisputable, reliable, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable, infallible, particular, (v) bound; antonyms (adj) uncertain, doubtful, unsure, questionable, 2. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, secure, safe, firm, confident, positive, fast, guaranteed, indubitable, stable, true, unerring, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonym (adj) hesitant, 3. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, surely, necessarily, definitely, really, truly, inevitably, absolutely, clearly, exactly, indeed, indubitably, positively, undeniably, (int) yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully, questionably, 4. doubtless; synonyms (adv) questionless, undoubtedly, presumably, probably, unquestionably, (adj) certes, 5. surely; synonyms (adv) confidently, firmly, securely, (adj) doubtless. muhalefet opposition; synonyms (n) contrast, conflict, antithesis, contrary, contrariety, antagonism, enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite, competition, contradiction, antagonist, antipathy, aversion; antonym (n) consent. muhalif opponent (aleyhtar); synonyms (n) enemy, antagonist, adversary, competitor, foe, contrary, contestant, foeman, opposition, match, opposer, opposite, rival, challenger, (adj) opposing; antonyms (n) ally, supporter, follower. Muhallebi pudding; synonyms (n) pud, sweet, gut, puddening, (adj) butter, clay, curd, dough, jam, pap, gelatinous, pulp, rob, taste, wax. muharebe battle (savaş); synonyms (n) combat, contest, struggle, clash, conflict, war, action, fighting, fray, scuffle, (v) fight, brawl, encounter, quarrel, scrap. muhasebe 1. accounting; synonyms (adj) clerical, office, secretarial, (n) bookkeeping, account, accountancy, chronicle, explanation, grounds, history, story, 2. accountancy; synonym (n) accounting. muhasebeci accountant; synonyms (n) auditor, teller, cashier, controller, almoner, liquidator, clerk,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

326

Turkish - English

accomptant, comptroller, logothete, questor, receiver, steward, trustee, (adj) accountable. muhasebecilik accountancy; synonyms (n) accounting, account. muhasip accountant (muhasebeci); synonyms (n) auditor, teller, cashier, controller, almoner, liquidator, clerk, accomptant, comptroller, logothete, questor, receiver, steward, trustee, (adj) accountable. mühendis engineer; synonyms (n) architect, mastermind, machinist, (v) devise, conduct, contrive, direct, organize, plan, construct, finagle, fix, guide, hatch, manage. mühendislik engineering; synonyms (n) mechanism, technology, architecture, business, commerce, complicity, machinery, trade, production, (adj) manufacturing. mühim important (önemli); synonyms (adj) essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big, central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low, worthless. mühimmat ammunition (cephane); synonyms (n) ammo, munition, shot, bullet, armament, missile, bullets, explosive, fuel, narcotic, ball, bombs, buckshot, cannonball, chemical. muhit surroundings; synonyms (n) medium, atmosphere, environment, environs, setting, habitat, neighborhood, milieu, scene, ambiance, background, situation, surround, vicinity, ambience. muhtaç dependent (bağımlı); synonyms (adj) subject, subordinate, contingent, addicted, tributary, relative, secondary, (n) dependant, charge, adjective, attendant, follower, servant, slave, vassal; antonyms (adj) independent, selfgoverning, self-sufficient. muhtasar brief; synonyms (adj) concise, short, abridge, little, summary, transient, short-lived, abrupt, abbreviated, brusque, compendious, curt, (n) abstract, digest, (v) compact; antonyms (adj) long, long-drawn-out, long-winded, permanent, lengthy, time-consuming. muhtemel 1. probable; synonyms (adj) credible, likely, plausible, possible, potential, feasible, hopeful, convincing, believable, specious, conceivable, presumptive, verisimilar, apparent; antonyms (adj) unlikely, improbable, 2. likely; synonyms (adj) probable, expected, apt, prospective, imaginable, disposed, future, alike, like, promising, prone, thinkable, (adv) possibly, belike, probably, 3. prospective; synonyms (adj) coming, eventual, imminent, impending, forthcoming, latent, budding, immediate, near, approaching, awaited, considered, looked-for, planned, promised.

muhtemelen 1. probably; synonyms (adv) presumably, maybe, perhaps, belike, believably, credibly, apparently, possibly, plausibly, (adj) likely, doubtless, like, 2. easily (kolayca); synonyms (adv) lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly, 3. perhaps (belki); synonyms (adv) mayhap, peradventure, perchance, probably; antonym (adv) definitely, 4. presumably; synonyms (adv) presumptively, seemingly, supposedly, allegedly, superficially, credible, doubtlessly, hypothetically, indubitably, reasonably, surely, theoretically, unquestionably. muhterem reverend; synonyms (adj) venerable, revered, reverenced, (n) cleric, preacher, clergyman, parson, rector, priest, vicar, minister, reverence. muhteşem 1. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent, exalted, important, majestic, superb, beautiful, high, massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 2. splendid (görkemli); synonyms (adj) fine, illustrious, magnificent, brilliant, grand, royal, gallant, proud, admirable, good, impressive, luxurious, resplendent, shining, imposing; antonym (adj) poor, 3. gorgeous; synonyms (adj) attractive, gaudy, rich, wonderful, gay, costly, delicious, delightful, handsome, lovely, opulent, pretty, showy, splendid, striking; antonym (adj) ugly, 4. magnificent; synonyms (adj) grandiose, elegant, divine, exquisite, fabulous, stately, brave, awesome, marvelous, mighty, outstanding, palatial, pompous, regal, spectacular. muhtıra memorandum; synonyms (n) memo, note, memorial, entry, letter, memoranda, notice, record. mühür seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal. mühürlemek seal (damga); synonyms (n) mark, stamp, cachet, hallmark, imprint, impression, signet, (v) plug, bar, close, shut, stop, clinch, lock, (adj) conclude; antonyms (v) open, unseal. mukaddes sacred (kutsal); synonyms (adj) hallowed, holy, consecrated, dedicated, divine, religious, pious, blessed, inviolable, spiritual, consecrate, celestial, devoted, (v) solemn, majestic; antonyms (adj) secular, profane. mukavele 1. covenant; synonyms (n) contract, compact, bond, arrangement, pact, concord, deed, testament, (v) agreement, bargain, promise, vow, agree, pledge, undertake, 2. contract; synonyms (n) charter, (v) covenant, concentrate, condense, narrow, catch, compress, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, diminish, lessen, (adj) abridge, shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English mukavemet resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility. mukavva 1. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission, committee, court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. cardboard; synonyms (n) card, (adj) flimsy, paper, ponderous, unlifelike, fragile, light, slight, tenuous, thin. mukayese comparison; synonyms (n) analogy, compare, likeness, resemblance, comparing, contrast, correspondence, parallel, similarity, connection, relation, ratio, parable, comparability, (prep) antithesis; antonym (n) dissimilarity. mükemmel 1. excellent; synonyms (adj) choice, estimable, admirable, superior, capital, beautiful, distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good, great, magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy; antonyms (adj) inferior, poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre, 2. perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 3. fine (güzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, alright, glorious, (n) penalty, amercement, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 4. splendid (görkemli); synonyms (adj) gorgeous, illustrious, grand, noble, royal, gallant, proud, impressive, luxurious, majestic, resplendent, shining, imposing, lustrous, costly, 5. superb; synonyms (adj) splendid, rich, super, fabulous, stately, sublime, terrific, wonderful, stunning, rare, grandiose, perfect, regal, stupendous, first-rate, 6. absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional, categorical, real, unqualified, actual, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, conclusive, dictatorial, extreme, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 7. elegant (şık, zarif); synonyms (adj) graceful, courtly, polite, refined, dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy, cultured, debonair, neat, pretty, smart, urbane; antonyms (adj) clumsy, inelegant, scruffy, ugly, plain, tacky, 8. great (büyük); synonyms (adj) eminent, famous, gigantic, big, distinguished, extensive, large, chief, ample, celebrated, considerable, dignified, massive, spacious, voluminous; antonyms (adj) small, insignificant, tiny, mild, 9. finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) completed, ended, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable, decided, final, concluded, exhausted, (adv) over;

327

antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough, 10. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) elevated, exalted, important, superb, high, heroic, huge, immense, lordly, vast, spectacular, enormous, showy, solemn, (n) earnest; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest. mükemmelleştirmek perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) consummate, complete, exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, (v) achieve, accomplish, (n) absolute, full; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed. mükemmellik 1. perfection; synonyms (n) excellence, consummation, ideal, maturity, paragon, completeness, completion, finish, crown, development, flawlessness, ripeness, integrity, complete, perfect; antonym (n) imperfection, 2. excellence; synonyms (n) distinction, eminence, advantage, goodness, superiority, virtue, greatness, quality, value, (adj) merit, worth, desert, mastery; antonym (n) inferiority. muktedir able; synonyms (adj) capable, clever, competent, dexterous, accomplished, adroit, consummate, effective, expert, fit, gifted, ingenious, endowed, (n) efficient, talented; antonyms (adj) incapable, incompetent, inept, unable, untrained, weak. mülk 1. estate; synonyms (n) condition, land, demesne, order, rank, domain, acres, property, state, substance, category, class, fortune, ground, heritage, 2. possession (iyelik); synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy, colony, custody, (v) acquisition, 3. property (özellik); synonyms (n) characteristic, capital, peculiarity, feature, belongings, character, nature, place, wealth, faculty, thing, assets, (adj) attribute, quality, (v) possession. mülkiyet 1. ownership (sahiplik); synonyms (n) control, proprietorship, occupancy, possession, tenure, title, hold, (adj) property, claim, right, 2. property (özellik); synonyms (n) characteristic, capital, peculiarity, feature, belongings, character, asset, estate, goods, nature, place, wealth, substance, (adj) attribute, quality. mülteci refugee; synonyms (n) fugitive, emigrant, exile, migrant, expatriate, outcast. Multimedya multimedia; synonym (n) disc. mum candle; synonyms (n) candela, light, taper, cadmium, luminary, wick, (v) check, investigate, scrutinize. mümessil representative (temsilci); synonyms (adj) characteristic, typical, model, (n) agent, delegate, deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador, emissary, instance, member, substitute, congressman, (v) represent. mümkün 1. feasible; synonyms (adj) practicable, possible, probable, fit, achievable, available,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

328

Turkish - English

credible, doable, likely, practical, realizable, viable, attainable, executable, plausible; antonym (adj) impossible, 2. possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable, imaginable, feasible, earthly, maybe, potential, thinkable, workable, believable, eventual, prospective, reasonable, latent; antonyms (adj) unlikely, compulsory. mumya mummy; synonyms (n) mama, mamma, mammy, mom, momma, mommy, mum, mater, am, milliampere, secrecy, skeleton, (v) shrivel. münakaşa argument (tartışma); synonyms (n) controversy, debate, matter, proof, reason, hassle, altercation, arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference, disagreement, discussion, fight; antonyms (n) agreement, harmony. münasip 1. proper; synonyms (adj) appropriate, correct, due, decent, fit, just, agreeable, apt, becoming, befitting, decorous, fitting, legitimate, modest, right; antonyms (adj) improper, inappropriate, unseemly, wrong, rude, 2. suitable (uygun); synonyms (adj) good, proper, convenient, eligible, apposite, desirable, pertinent, respectable, fitted, adequate, compatible, competent, expedient, opportune, (n) seasonable; antonym (adj) unsuitable. münhal vacant (boş); synonyms (adj) empty, blank, hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled, unoccupied, void, expressionless, deserted, open, vacuous, inane; antonyms (adj) full, occupied. muntazam 1. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable, 2. regular (düzenli, normal); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady, common, customary, general, methodical, ordinary, formal, accurate, correct, habitual, proper, (n) familiar, (v) conventional; antonyms (adj) irregular, erratic, inconsistent, unusual, variable, asymmetrical, extraordinary, straight. muntazaman regularly; synonyms (adv) often, generally, always, customarily, frequently, normally, repeatedly, usually, commonly, continually, evenly, ever, habitually, methodically, mostly; antonyms (adv) inconsistently, unusually, constantly. müphem 1. ambiguous (belirsiz); synonyms (adj) equivocal, indistinct, indeterminate, uncertain, evasive, slippery, amphibolous, confused, cryptic, doubtful, dubious, enigmatic, imprecise, indefinite, (v) vague; antonyms (adj) clear, definite, unambiguous, unequivocal, 2. vague; synonyms (adj) obscure, ambiguous, faint, undefined, undetermined, feeble, dim, fuzzy, hazy, nebulous, shadowy, lax, general, intangible, (v) loose; antonyms (adj) distinct, exact, particular, precise, specific, sure.

mürekkep ink; synonyms (n) mark, notoriety, publicity, (v) sign, subscribe, autograph, blacken, contract, employ, engage, hire, (adj) raven, sloe, smut, jet. mürekkeplemek ink (mürekkep); synonyms (n) mark, notoriety, publicity, (v) sign, subscribe, autograph, blacken, contract, employ, engage, hire, (adj) raven, sloe, smut, jet. mürettebat crew; synonyms (n) company, cluster, band, bunch, gang, party, assemblage, crowd, faction, group, set, side, team, assembly, association. müsaade 1. permission (izin); synonyms (n) consent, license, permit, approval, authority, leave, liberty, licence, agreement, assent, authorization, dispensation, pass, sanction, (v) allowance; antonym (n) refusal, 2. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 3. permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow, give, admit, let, bear, endure, have, agree, legalize, enable, suffer, tolerate, warrant, (n) charter, (adj) grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit, stop. müsait convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable, commodious, handy, advantageous, appropriate, expedient, fit, near, nearby, opportune, ready, timely, useful, snug, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj) inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy, useless. müsamaha tolerance (hoşgörü); synonyms (n) endurance, allowance, indulgence, leniency, patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness, consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance, mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry, chauvinism, extremism. müşavir adviser; synonyms (n) advisor, consultant, counselor, counsel, guide, prompter, teacher, agent, assistant, confidante, dealer, dictator, herald, informer, instructor. müşfik 1. kind (tür); synonyms (n) form, helpful, sort, benign, brand, breed, class, gentle, type, variety, (adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 2. soft; synonyms (adj) easy, light, limp, balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, frail, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong, 3. tender; synonyms (adj) painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, fond, mild, caring, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, rubbery.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

329

musiki music (müzik); synonyms (n) harmony,

müstesna exceptional; synonyms (adj) special,

melody, chorus, musical, composition, sound, euphony, medicine, refrain, din, entertainment, gayety, glee, (adj) decreasing, increasing. muska charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal, spell, attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel. musluk tap; synonyms (n) pat, dab, hit, bang, strike, stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap, broach, bug, beat, eavesdrop, exploit. müstakbel future; synonyms (adj) unborn, coming, prospective, intended, potential, approaching, forthcoming, imminent, impending, later, (n) prospect, hereafter, fate, futurity, (v) horizon; antonym (n) past.

abnormal, excellent, extraordinary, particular, prodigious, singular, uncommon, exceeding, outstanding, rare, single, superior, unique, unusual; antonyms (adj) common, mediocre, ordinary, average, normal, usual, abysmal, inferior, poor. müsvedde draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch, check, drawing, (v) draught, outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan, recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge. müteahhit 1. contractor; synonyms (n) builder, entrepreneur, party, undertaker, affirmer, asserter, avower, dealer, declarer, outworker, broker, freelancer, merchant, seller, 2. builder; synonyms (n) architect, constructor, founder, artificer, creator, developer, maker, manufacturer, artist, engineer. müteakip 1. following; synonyms (adj) consequent, next, ensuing, subsequent, consecutive, later, posterior, succeeding, (v) consequential, (n) entourage, chase, followers, pursuit, (adv) under, after; antonym (adj) preceding, 2. subsequent; synonyms (adj) following, second, coming, latter, sequential, successive, postnate; antonym (adj) previous. muteber valid (Geçerli); synonyms (adj) legal, sound, right, genuine, solid, forcible, substantial, authentic, good, legitimate, powerful, rightful, strong, true, cogent; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled, bogus, illogical. mütehassıs specialist (uzman); synonyms (adj) expert, specialized, specialistic, choice, luxury, premium, (n) authority, professional, connoisseur, craftsman, doctor, epicurean, physician, source, specializer; antonym (n) amateur. mutemet trustee; synonyms (n) fiduciary, guardian, regent, consignee, keeper, steward, custodian, questor, receiver. müteşekkir grateful; synonyms (adj) thankful, agreeable, appreciative, beholden, indebted, obliged, pleasing, (n) welcome; antonym (adj) ungrateful. mütevelli trustee; synonyms (n) fiduciary, guardian, regent, consignee, keeper, steward, custodian, questor, receiver. mutfak kitchen; synonyms (n) cookroom, basement, offices, pantry, scullery, stomach. müthiş 1. awful; synonyms (adj) abominable, appalling, awesome, dreadful, fearful, terrible, atrocious, bad, horrible, nasty, alarming, amazing, deplorable, detestable, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) excellent, great, marvelous, wonderful, lovely, nice, pleasant, 2. fearful; synonyms (adj) afraid, cowardly, anxious, apprehensive, awful, craven, timid, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, dastardly, desperate, direful, frightened; antonyms (adj) brave, calm, rational, bold, confident, unimpressed, 3.

müstakil separate (ayırmak, ayrı, bölmek); synonyms (adj) detached, (v) detach, divorce, part, insulate, scatter, cut, dissociate, disconnect, discrete, discriminate, disjoin, disperse, distinguish, divide; antonyms (adj) connected, joined, simultaneous, (v) unite, merge, mix, combine, fuse, join, link, associate. müstehcen dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean.

müşterek 1. joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal, ortak); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, mutual, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, (v) articulate, associate; antonyms (adj) individual, unilateral, private, separate, 2. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, banal, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 3. collective; synonyms (adj) aggregate, general, joint, cumulative, generic, community, corporate, social, unanimous, united, (n) commune, group; antonyms (adj) capitalist, distributive, 4. mutual (karşılıklı, ortak); synonyms (adj) reciprocal, alternate, concerted, shared, commutual, interchangeable; antonym (adj) one-sided. müşteri 1. customer (alıcı); synonyms (n) consumer, buyer, patron, client, guest, purchaser, shopper, fellow, passenger, person, spender; antonym (n) seller, 2. client (alıcı, müvekkil); synonym (n) customer, 3. buyer (alıcı); synonyms (n) emptor, user, vendee; antonym (n) vendor, 4. purchaser; synonym (n) punter.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

330

Turkish - English

devastating; synonyms (adj) destructive, annihilating, crushing, ruinous, stunning, disastrous, tremendous, withering, annihilative, calamitous, 4. formidable; synonyms (adj) arduous, grim, difficult, forbidding, heavy, dread, onerous, redoubtable, stiff, tough, herculean, rugged, serious, hard, laborious, 5. terrific; synonyms (adj) fantastic, shocking, brilliant, enormous, fabulous, magnificent, marvellous, splendid, super, superb, extraordinary, grand, rattling, howling, outstanding. mutlak absolute (saf, tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional, categorical, full, real, unqualified, utter, actual, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified. mutlu 1. happy (memnun); synonyms (adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful, 2. content (içerik); synonyms (n) capacity, contentment, matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness, (adj) happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, delight, gratify; antonyms (adj) tormented, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) discontent, upset. mutluluk happiness; synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment, blessedness, bliss, cheerfulness, contentment, ecstasy, felicity, gladness, luck, merriment, welfare, beatitude, joy, rapture; antonyms (n) unhappiness, sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction. mutlulukla happily; synonyms (adv) fortunately, gladly, blissfully, cheerfully, joyfully, joyously, luckily, merrily, providentially, blithely, brightly, gayly; antonyms (adv) sadly, unhappily, unfortunately, (v) miserably. mutsuz unhappy; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy, melancholy, sad, disconsolate, distressed, infelicitous, low, miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast, mournful; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied. müttefik 1. allied; synonyms (adj) akin, related, confederate, cognate, connected, united, joined, associated, confederative, kindred, linked, near, relative; antonyms (adj) rival, unrelated, 2. ally; synonyms (n) accomplice, companion, friend, colleague, partner, accessory, adherent, assistant, auxiliary, (v) affiliate, align, support, band, (adj) associate, coadjutor; antonyms (n) adversary, foe, opponent. muvakkat temporary (geçici); synonyms (adj) ephemeral, passing, temporal, acting, momentary, fleeting, impermanent, provisional, transient, transitory, brief, fugitive, stopgap, irregular,

substitute; antonyms (adj) permanent, continuous, enduring, eternal, everlasting, long-term. müvekkil client (alıcı, müşteri); synonyms (n) buyer, customer, patron, guest, purchaser, consumer, spender. muzaffer triumphant; synonyms (adj) jubilant, victorious, successful, triumphal, exulting, winning, conquering, elated, gleeful, joyful, prideful, rejoicing, (v) exultant; antonym (adj) unsuccessful. müzakere 1. debate; synonyms (n) argue, argumentation, contention, argument, controversy, disputation, (v) contest, dispute, contend, altercation, controvert, discuss, canvass, altercate, consider; antonym (v) agree, 2. negotiation; synonyms (n) mediation, bargain, parley, transaction, arbitration, diplomacy, dealing, talks. müze museum; synonyms (n) gallery, depository, landmark, treasury. müzik music; synonyms (n) harmony, melody, chorus, musical, composition, sound, euphony, medicine, refrain, din, entertainment, gayety, glee, (adj) decreasing, increasing. müzikal musical; synonyms (adj) melodious, harmonious, melodic, canorous, sweet, tuneful, pleasing; antonym (adj) discordant. müziksever musical; synonyms (adj) melodious, harmonious, melodic, canorous, sweet, tuneful, pleasing; antonym (adj) discordant. muzip wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, bad, evil, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, mischievous, unholy, vile, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, foul, hellish; antonyms (adj) good, innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure. muzır harmful; synonyms (adj) baneful, destructive, detrimental, disadvantageous, hurtful, injurious, noxious, dangerous, damaging, deleterious, evil, maleficent, adverse, bad, baleful; antonyms (adj) harmless, healthy, safe, helpful. müzisyen musician; synonyms (n) player, instrumentalist, minstrel, singer, actor, artiste, virtuoso. müzmin 1. confirmed; synonyms (adj) chronic, inveterate, assured, habitual, constant, affirmed, definite, established, fixed, ingrained, set, valid, accustomed; antonyms (adj) unconfirmed, unproven, 2. chronic (kronik); synonyms (adj) confirmed, continuous, frequent, persistent, prolonged, regular, repeated, usual, (v) permanent; antonym (adj) temporary.

N nabız pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse, pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate, pound, vibrate. nadir 1. rare; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, uncommon, exceptional, infrequent, precious, scarce, seldom, thin, unusual, few, choice, curious, fine, odd, peculiar; antonyms (adj) common, frequent, ordinary, 2. uncommon; synonyms (adj) rare, singular, special, strange, unaccustomed, abnormal, occasional, remarkable, queer, different, irregular, unfamiliar, unwonted, distinctive, eccentric; antonym (adj) typical, 3. unique (benzersiz, tek); synonyms (adj) only, individual, solitary, alone, distinct, incomparable, inimitable, matchless, sole, unequaled, unparalleled, exclusive, single, particular, peerless; antonym (adj) recurring, 4. unusual; synonyms (adj) quaint, exotic, unprecedented, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic, funny, notable, unconventional, unnatural, unorthodox, fresh, new, phenomenal, uncanny; antonyms (adj) usual, normal, customary, familiar, conventional, routine. nadiren 1. rarely; synonyms (adv) seldom, infrequently, hardly, uncommonly, unusually, little, exceptionally, scarcely; antonyms (adv) frequently, often, usually, 2. seldom; synonyms (adv) rarely, occasionally, (adj) scarce, rare, few, infrequent. nafaka maintenance (bakım); synonyms (n) livelihood, alimony, care, keep, living, sustenance, charge, conservation, continuation, custody, preservation, service, support, sustainment, sustentation; antonym (n) end. nafile useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful, helpful, competent, effective, convenient, necessary, valuable. nağme 1. air (hava, havalandırmak); synonyms (n) tune, appearance, manner, atmosphere, look, melody, strain, face, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate, 2. tune; synonyms (n) song, air, concord, harmony, note, consonance, music, sound, tone, line, (v) adjust, regulate, chant, attune, string, 3. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. nahoş unpleasant; synonyms (adj) disagreeable, harsh, nasty, obnoxious, offensive, ugly, sour, awkward, bad, forbidding, repulsive, hard, rude, abhorrent, bitter; antonyms (adj) pleasant, agreeable, delightful, attractive, comfortable, enjoyable, nice, wonderful, charming.

nakarat 1. repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek);

331

iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite, 2.

chorus; synonyms (n) ensemble, refrain, acclamation, song, tune, (v) choir, chant, (adv) descant, glee, madrigal, catch, 3. burden; synonyms (n) load, anxiety, pack, strain, bale, care, cargo, concern, core, (v) bother, weight, burthen, clog, trouble, afflict; antonyms (v) relieve, unburden. nakil transport; synonyms (n) rapture, (v) transfer, transmit, bear, carry, delight, enrapture, exile, banish, convey, enchant, ferry, ravish, send, take; antonyms (v) disenchant, remain. nakit cash (para); synonyms (n) ready, bread, capital, change, funds, money, coin, coins, currency, exchange, means, needful, wealth, (v) encash, liquidate; antonym (n) credit. nakletmek 1. carry (taşımak); synonyms (v) bear, bring, convey, conduct, take, acquit, behave, accept, comport, hold, pack, transport, load, assume, admit, 2. convey; synonyms (v) carry, communicate, channel, express, fetch, transfer, transmit, impart, mean, cause, cede, consign, deliver, ferry, grant, 3. transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, transference, (v) change, remove, shift, exchange, send, commit, give, interchange, move, pass, transplant, delegate; antonym (v) keep, 4. ship (gemi); synonyms (n) boat, craft, bottom, (v) dispatch, forward, embark, post, charge, mail, 5. communicate; synonyms (v) advertise, advise, announce, apprise, commune, intimate, relay, reveal, acquaint, divulge, render, return, share, talk, tell, 6. transport; synonyms (n) rapture, transportation, shipping, ecstasy, (v) delight, enrapture, exile, banish, enchant, ravish, entrance, run, haul, ship, deport; antonyms (v) disenchant, remain. nakliye 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, coach, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, (v) bearing, 2. freight (navlun); synonyms (n) cargo, load, burden, lading, consignment, freightage, shipment, goods, loading, merchandise, payload, weight, (v) carry, ship, lade, 3. shipping; synonyms (n) freight, transportation, moving, carrying, craft, ecstasy, exaltation, rapture, raptus, transferral, vehicle. nakliyeci carrier (taşıyıcı); synonyms (n) bearer, messenger, courier, mailman, porter, postman, vehicle, transport, envoy, bag, channel, container, emissary, newsboy, solvent. nalbant smith; synonyms (n) metalworker, architect, artificer, artist, bricklayer, builder, maker, manufacturer, mason, craftsman.

synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

332

Turkish - English

nallamak shoe (ayakkabı); synonyms (n) boot, horseshoe, skid, clog, splint, spoke, sprit, base, stilts, stirrup, galoshes. nam 1. name (ad, isim); synonyms (n) call, title, epithet, address, appellation, (v) appoint, baptize, describe, cite, designate, entitle, enumerate, identify, list, mention, 2. fame (ün); synonyms (n) credit, distinction, report, reputation, bruit, honor, prestige, renown, buzz, eminence, hearsay, kudos, (v) celebrity, cry, esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, 3. reputation; synonyms (n) fame, name, face, character, notoriety, prominence, repute, standing, glory, rank, estimation, importance, respect, account, (v) regard. namevcut 1. absent (yok); synonyms (adj) off, wanting, inattentive, absentminded, abstracted, faraway, lost, missing, nonexistent, out, preoccupied, (adv) away; antonym (adj) present, 2. missing (eksik); synonyms (adj) lacking, absent, gone, deficient, misplaced. namus 1. honesty (dürüstlük); synonyms (n) candor, fairness, integrity, justice, candidness, equity, frankness, probity, chastity, decency, faith, honestness, morality, rectitude, (adj) fidelity; antonyms (n) dishonesty, deceit, deception, deviousness, treachery, wickedness, 2. honour; synonyms (n) award, accolade, innocence, awarding, (v) esteem, honor, respect, celebrate, observe, reward, comply, detect, discover, find, follow; antonym (v) dishonor. namuslu 1. honest (dürüst); synonyms (adj) fair, genuine, equitable, good, sincere, artless, candid, clean, decent, dependable, faithful, forthright, frank, guileless, heartfelt; antonyms (adj) dishonest, corrupt, guarded, lying, misleading, disloyal, unwholesome, 2. upright; synonyms (adj) perpendicular, straight, erect, vertical, just, righteous, honest, honorable, plumb, right, true, virtuous, pure, moral, (n) column; antonyms (adv) horizontally, (adj) disreputable, prone, upturned, degenerate, hanging, 3. honourable; synonyms (adj) estimable, ethical, 4. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level, directly, frankly, due, immediately, (adj) even, flat, upright, correct, proper, accurate, immediate, consecutive, neat, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, lopsided, 5. respectable; synonyms (adj) reputable, considerable, decorous, creditable, passable, becoming, goodish, goodly, hefty, modest, sizable, tidy, worthy, appropriate, honourable. namzet candidate (aday); synonyms (n) applicant, aspirant, contestant, contender, hopeful, nominee, prospect, suitor, amateur, campaigner.

nara cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl,

moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper. narin 1. fragile; synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail, breakable, brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, feeble, fine, slim, frangible, insubstantial, shaky, slender; antonyms (adj) strong, unbreakable, substantial, sturdy, permanent, robust, 2. delicate; synonyms (adj) accurate, fragile, refined, tender, beautiful, difficult, nice, sensitive, soft, agreeable, infirm, careful, decent, elegant, exquisite; antonyms (adj) inelegant, heavy, tough, 3. slight; synonyms (adj) thin, lean, little, meager, petty, remote, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide, 4. slender; synonyms (adj) narrow, lithe, slight, gaunt, lissom, scanty, skinny, exiguous, minute, graceful, lissome, poor, small, (v) lank, scant; antonyms (adj) plump, stocky. nasihat 1. advice (öğüt); synonyms (n) admonition, caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction, intelligence, monition, notice, report, tidings, advisement, announcement, communication, direction, 2. counsel (avukat, öğüt, öğüt vermek); synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, consultation, counselor, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn, direct. nasıl how; synonyms (adv) whereby, however, whence, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, withal, yet. nasır corn (mısır); synonyms (n) maize, clavus, cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep. navlun freight; synonyms (n) cargo, load, burden, lading, consignment, freightage, shipment, goods, loading, merchandise, payload, weight, (v) carry, ship, lade. naylon nylon; synonym (n) polyamide. nazar 1. eye (göz); synonyms (n) optic, opinion, peeper, (v) behold, see, view, gaze, stare, look, watch, glance, glimpse, examine, eyeball, regard, 2. look (bakış, bakmak); synonyms (v) seem, appear, expect, figure, attend, eye, (n) face, appearance, aspect, air, countenance, expression, guise, cast, feel. nazari theoretical (kuramsal, teorik); synonyms (adj) hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic, ideal, academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms (adj) practical, concrete, real, scientific. nazariye theory (kuram, teori); synonyms (n) supposition, assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, speculation, idea, opinion, surmise, belief, presumption, thought, concept, postulation, postulate; antonym (n) fact.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English nazarlık charm; synonyms (n) allure, amulet, appeal, spell, attraction, conjure, (v) attract, captivate, bewitch, fascinate, enchant, entrance, beguile, capture, enamor; antonyms (n) repulsion, ugliness, (v) repel. nazik 1. gentle; synonyms (adj) clement, calm, easy, friendly, soft, affable, balmy, kind, mild, tame, feeble, amiable, benign, bland, (n) benevolent; antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, harsh, loud, violent, rough, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy, sarcastic, sheer, steep, 2. decent; synonyms (adj) proper, adequate, appropriate, acceptable, becoming, comely, decorous, honest, modest, respectable, right, seemly, sufficient, chaste, ethical; antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome, inappropriate, disreputable, filthy, inadequate, indecent, unsuitable, 3. civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic, genteel; antonym (adj) rude, 4. kind (tür); synonyms (n) form, helpful, sort, brand, breed, class, gentle, type, variety, description, (adj) generous, good, humane, affectionate, charitable; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 5. fragile; synonyms (adj) dainty, delicate, frail, breakable, brittle, flimsy, weak, faint, fine, slim, frangible, insubstantial, shaky, slender, puny; antonyms (adj) strong, unbreakable, substantial, sturdy, permanent, robust, 6. delicate; synonyms (adj) accurate, fragile, refined, tender, beautiful, difficult, nice, sensitive, agreeable, infirm, careful, decent, elegant, exquisite, light; antonyms (adj) inelegant, tough, 7. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 8. tender; synonyms (adj) painful, loving, sore, compassionate, fond, caring, immature, (v) proffer, present, propose, give, (n) offer, bid, overture, proposal; antonyms (adj) hard, rubbery, 9. polite; synonyms (adj) cultured, civil, chivalrous, civilized, cultivated, polished, gallant, gentlemanly, respectful, smooth, thoughtful, urbane, well-bred, diplomatic, ladylike; antonyms (adj) impolite, bad-mannered, discourteous, boorish. nazikçe gently; synonyms (adv) gradually, mildly, tenderly, soft, delicately, kindly, lightly, meekly, quietly, softly; antonyms (adv) abruptly, cruelly, fiercely, forcefully, harshly, severely, sharply, violently, intensely, roughly. nazım verse; synonyms (n) poem, poetry, rhyme, poesy, stanza, strain, measure, song, clause,

333

paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter; antonym (n) prose. ne 1. how (nasıl); synonyms (adv) whereby, however, whence, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, withal, yet, 2. whatever; synonyms (adj) any, whatsoever, (pron) what, partly, somewhat, whatso, whosoever, (adv) anyway, regardless. nebze shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow. neden 1. cause; synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 2. why; synonyms (adv) so, (n) wherefore, reason, grounds, conundrum, enigma, mystery, proof, riddle, (adj) indeed, 3. reason; synonyms (n) mind, intellect, argument, object, purpose, rationality, understanding, explanation, (v) cause, argue, debate, conclude, deduce, discuss, ground, 4. occasion; synonyms (n) event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, circumstance, matter, affair, (v) create, raise, generate, inspire, 5. motive (güdü); synonyms (n) impulse, incentive, incitement, inducement, motif, motivation, subject, design, stimulus, urge, end, mainspring, (v) aim, consideration, (adj) impulsive, 6. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level, 7. room (oda); synonyms (n) chamber, latitude, apartment, hall, house, opening, expanse, extent, flat, margin, area, cabin, field, leeway, (v) board. nedeniyle for (çünkü, için); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence. nefes 1. breath (soluk); synonyms (n) spirit, wind, air, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash, flatus, gust, instant, jiffy, respite, (adj) whisper, 2. wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) clue, gale, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave. nefis 1. exquisite; synonyms (adj) beautiful, elegant, delicate, excellent, dainty, gorgeous, admirable, acute, choice, heavenly, wonderful, charming, fair, fine, (v) delightful; antonym (adj) everyday, 2. delicious; synonyms (adj) appetizing, pleasing, agreeable, delectable, enjoyable, lovely, luscious, savory, sweet, toothsome, grateful, fragrant, exquisite, juicy, pleasant; antonym (adj) tasteless. nefret 1. hate; synonyms (v) abhor, detest, abominate, loathe, despise, scorn, (n) dislike, enmity, abhorrence, animosity, detestation, hatred,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

334

Turkish - English

abomination, antipathy, aversion; antonyms (v) love, like, adore, 2. hatred; synonyms (n) disgust, grudge, anger, antagonism, hostility, odium, rancor, resentment, execration, distaste, loathing, malice, repugnance, revulsion, (v) hate; antonyms (n) adoration, liking, 3. disgust; synonyms (n) horror, nausea, repulsion, dismay, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, displease, outrage, pall, repel, appall, repulse, revolt, horrify; antonyms (n) attraction, (v) delight, attract, 4. horror; synonyms (n) awe, fear, alarm, fright, anxiety, apprehension, atrocity, consternation, dreadfulness, ghastliness, trepidation, nightmare, awfulness, (adj) dread, terror; antonym (n) pleasantness. negatif negative (olumsuz); synonyms (adj) minus, adverse, denying, damaging, destructive, contrary, unfavorable, (n) denial, (v) gainsay, veto, deny, disavow, kill, negate, controvert; antonyms (adj) positive, optimistic, assenting, (n) affirmative. nehir river (ırmak); synonyms (n) creek, flow, current, waterway, watercourse, (v) brook, stream, burn, bayou, beck, (adj) water. nem 1. moisture; synonyms (n) humidity, damp, dampness, wet, moistness, vapor; antonym (n) dryness, 2. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, muggy, clammy, cool, dank, humid, (v) break, check, chill, deaden, benumb, cut, dampen, (n) moisture, clamminess; antonym (adj) dry. nemli 1. moist; synonyms (adj) humid, damp, wet, clammy, dank, muggy, dampish, soggy, wettish, juicy, sodden, sticky, watery, dripping, marshy; antonym (adj) dry, 2. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, cool, (v) break, check, chill, deaden, benumb, cut, dampen, depress, discourage, dishearten, (n) dampness, moisture, clamminess; antonym (n) dryness. nere where (nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation. nerede where (nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation. nereden where (nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation. neredeyse 1. almost (hemen hemen); synonyms (adv) nearly, approximately, just, around, most, practically, roughly, virtually, some, (prep) about, (adj) near, nigh, approaching, approximate, barely, 2. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately, directly, betimes, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly, erelong, fast, quick.

nereye where (nerede); synonyms (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace, whereas, somewhere, (conj) but, while, (pron) everywhere, (n) point, spot, situation. neşe joy (sevinç); synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment, elation, gladness, glee, happiness, pleasure, bliss, ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration, exultation, fun, (v) exult, cheer; antonyms (n) misery, sorrow, sadness, disaster, grief. neşeli 1. lively (canlı); synonyms (adj) brisk, active, agile, cheerful, energetic, keen, busy, fresh, gay, jolly, jovial, alert, animated, bright, enthusiastic; antonyms (adj) dull, inactive, lethargic, listless, lifeless, unexciting, 2. gay; synonyms (adj) convivial, festive, gaudy, airy, blithe, brave, buoyant, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, jocular, (n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian, 3. cheerful; synonyms (adj) breezy, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic, pleasant, chipper, comfortable, contented, happy, hopeful, joyful, lighthearted, lively, sunny; antonyms (adj) depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose, somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, forlorn, 4. sunny; synonyms (adj) clear, brilliant, fair, radiant, shining, shiny, beaming, fine, sunlit, burnished, hilarious, jocund, mirthful, genial, (v) glossy; antonyms (adj) dark, overcast. nesil 1. descent (iniş); synonyms (n) ancestry, decline, birth, fall, blood, declension, declination, declivity, derivation, drop, extraction, family, lineage, origin, pedigree; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement, 2. generation (kuşak, üretim); synonyms (n) age, creation, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries, formation, offspring, period, time, day, lifetime, multiplication, production, (v) germination, 3. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, store, goods, descent, hoard, race, backlog, commodity, kind, house, broth, cache, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply, 4. breed; synonyms (n) variety, sort, order, class, genus, posterity, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, hatch, produce, 5. race; synonyms (n) dash, career, competition, people, kin, nation, (v) course, run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, campaign, hunt, dart, 6. strain; synonyms (n) stress, effort, stretch, exertion, reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. nesir prose; synonyms (n) style, writing, commonplace, language, literature, rap, speech, talk, text, words, (v) ramble, (adj) prosaic, maunder, palaver, prate; antonyms (n) poetry, verse. nesne 1. object (amaç); synonyms (n) design, aim, cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark, matter, subject, substance, drift, (v) except, mind, complain; antonym (v) agree, 2. thing (şey); synonyms (n) affair, event, object, occurrence,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English article, concern, happening, something, being, occasion, incident, business, deed, entity, item. nesnel objective (amaç, hedef, objektif); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, (n) aim, mark, goal, object, ambition, design, end, intent, intention; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective. net 1. net (ağ); synonyms (adj) final, last, (n) network, bag, lace, earnings, cobweb, (v) mesh, clear, gain, make, trap, catch, earn, knit; antonym (v) gross, 2.

clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 3. sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. netice 1. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close, end, result, cessation, completion, sequel, termination, decision, dissolution, ending, epilogue, finale, finish, (v) closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening, preface, 2. result (sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, fruit, issue, outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, effect, produce, outgrowth, corollary, (v) ensue, follow, eventuate, arise; antonym (v) cause. neticede eventually; synonyms (adv) finally, even, someday, afterward, consecutively, consequentially, continuously, necessarily, through, hereafter, heretofore, (conj) yet, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding; antonyms (adv) instantly, promptly. nezaket 1. courtesy; synonyms (n) civility, propriety, chivalry, comity, decency, gallantry, politeness, attention, breeding, etiquette, affability, consideration, courteousness, graciousness, (adj) complaisance; antonyms (n) rudeness, discourtesy, 2. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence, clemency, compassion, courtesy, generosity, affection, benignity, cordiality, favor, friendliness, gentleness, goodness, grace, humanity, fondness; antonyms (n) unkindness, callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite, unfriendliness, maliciousness, 3. grace; synonyms (n) elegance, beauty, benediction, blessing, charm, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider, enrich. nezaketle politely; synonyms (adv) courteously, kindly, respectfully, agreeably, courtly, gracefully, admiringly, amiably, assiduously, considerately, cooperatively, cordially, elegantly, genially,

335

harmoniously; antonyms (adv) impolitely, brusquely, rudely, discourteously. nezaret 1. supervision (gözetim); synonyms (n) oversight, charge, control, direction, management, superintendence, guidance, custody, observation, care, administration, command, government, supervising, (v) inspection, 2. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 3. surveillance; synonyms (n) supervision, vigilance, watch, scrutiny, monitoring, lookout, examination, following, eye, intelligence, look, security, spying, bug, bugging; antonym (n) neglect. nezle cold (soğuk); synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid, aloof, callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic, bleak, cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill; antonyms (adj) warm, friendly, hot, burning, prepared, affectionate, loving, soporific, (n) heat, warmth. nicel quantitative; synonyms (adj) some, measurable, quantitive, wholesale. nicelik quantity (miktar); synonyms (n) amount, extent, measure, multitude, quantum, sum, total, portion, heap, bulk, capacity, deal, degree, magnitude, mass. nicem quantum; synonyms (n) amount, measure, magnitude, quantity, mass, measurement, sum, total, amplitude. niçin why (neden); synonyms (adv) so, (n) wherefore, reason, grounds, conundrum, enigma, mystery, proof, riddle, (adj) indeed. nida cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper. nihai 1. final (son); synonyms (adj) conclusive, decisive, definite, extreme, latter, definitive, last, ultimate, irrevocable, decided, concluding, eventual, net, peremptory, firm; antonyms (adj) first, opening, preliminary, 2. ultimate; synonyms (adj) final, end, supreme, elemental, farthest, furthest, primary, ending, finishing, top, utmost, absolute, best, consummate, (n) maximum. nihayet finally; synonyms (adv) eventually, lastly, last, ultimately, definitely, completely, (adj) final, (v) definitively; antonym (adv) firstly. nine grandmother (büyükanne); synonyms (n) gran, grandma, granny, crone, grandam, grannie, mother, dam, grandmamma, beldame, mamma, materfamilias, matriarch. nişan 1. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, appointment, commitment, conflict, contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, (v) action, 2. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, heed,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

336

Turkish - English

impression, imprint, sign, feature, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, (adj) notice, 3. decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n) adornment, award, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation, trimming, accessory, badge, accolade, distinction, embroidery, 4. medal; synonyms (n) decoration, prize, medallion, title, honor, laurels, palm. nişancı shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor. nişanlanma engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, appointment, commitment, conflict, contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, (v) action. nişanlı 1. engaged; synonyms (adj) busy, occupied, betrothed, affianced, employed, engrossed, reserved, absorbed, working, pledged, bespoken, booked, immersed, intent, rapt; antonyms (adj) available, free, 2. intended; synonyms (adj) intentional, calculated, deliberate, voluntary, destined, designed, knowing, meant, planned, premeditated, prospective, willful; antonyms (adj) ingenuous, accidental. nispet 1. ratio (oran); synonyms (n) percentage, degree, proportion, measure, scale, rate, extent, fraction, grade, comparison, relationship, amount, 2. relation (ilişki); synonyms (n) connection, account, narration, recital, affinity, association, description, regard, rehearsal, kin, bearing, bond, narrative, reference, (v) report, 3. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, rank. nispeten relatively; synonyms (adv) comparatively, quite, rather, fairly, reasonably, somewhat, partially, partly. nispi 1. relative (göreli); synonyms (adj) related, comparative, proportionate, proportional, dependent, relevant, (n) relation, brother, connection, congenator, congener, (v) kinsman; antonym (adj) absolute, 2. proportional (orantılı); synonyms (adj) commensurate, proportionable, relative, balanced, symmetrical, even, graduated. niteleme qualification; synonyms (n) condition, capability, competence, fitness, limitation, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, (adj) faculty, endowment, property. nitelemek qualify; synonyms (v) modify, prepare, moderate, capacitate, characterize, confine, define, designate, determine, condition, enable, entitle, equip, fit, limit; antonym (v) disqualify. nitelik 1. quality (kalite); synonyms (n) nature, character, characteristic, class, condition, feature, grade, distinction, faculty, description, mark,

attribute, caliber, part, peculiarity; antonym (adj) shoddy, 2. qualification; synonyms (n) capability, competence, fitness, limitation, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, requirement, reservation, (adj) endowment, property, 3. character (karakter); synonyms (n) kind, note, quality, role, type, brand, constitution, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, case, 4.

characteristic (karakteristik, özellik); synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual, typical, original, natural, representative, special, specific, symbolic, proper, (n) badge, sign, peculiar, point, (v) emblematic; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic, common, 5. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization, piece, 6. property (özellik); synonyms (n) capital, belongings, asset, estate, goods, place, wealth, substance, thing, assets, fortune, holding, means, possessions, (v) possession, 7. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) seal, impression, cachet, emblem, die, earmark, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, emboss. nitelikli qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable, eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, proficient, able, clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited, restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total, unofficial, definite. nitrojen nitrogen (azot); synonyms (n) n, newton, normality, north. niye why (neden); synonyms (adv) so, (n) wherefore, reason, grounds, conundrum, enigma, mystery, proof, riddle, (adj) indeed. niyet 1. intention (kasıt, maksat); synonyms (n) idea, aim, end, intent, design, drift, goal, purpose, cause, animus, mind, motive, object, objective, plan, 2. intent (amaç); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, fixed, rapt, eager, (n) intention, import, meaning, spirit, point, purport, ambition, 3. purpose (amaç, maksat); synonyms (n) effect, resolve, determination, function, decision, destination, aspiration, reason, use, occasion, (v) project, intend, propose, decide, mean, 4. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish, leave, shall, give, (n) volition, command, desire, inclination, pleasure, courage, liking, testament, choice, 5. resolve (çözmek); synonyms (v) determine, solve, conclude, decompose, dissolve, settle, explain, melt, do, (n) firmness, resolution, answer, analyze, resoluteness, will; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, 6. determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms (n) conclusion, definition, decisiveness, tenacity, appointment, assessment, constancy, fortitude, grit, judgment, perseverance, sentence, settlement,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English verdict, (v) award; antonyms (n) compliance, indecisiveness, 7. plan (proje); synonyms (n) map, figure, chart, outline, pattern, scheme, invent, form, arrangement, blueprint, (v) plot, arrange, conceive, contrive, draft, 8. thought; synonyms (v) observation, (n) notion, opinion, conception, consideration, impression, belief, feeling, reflection, sentiment, concept, apprehension, attention, care, cogitation; antonym (n) fact. niyetli intent (amaç, niyet); synonyms (adj) attentive, absorbed, engrossed, earnest, bent, (n) aim, idea, design, intention, goal, import, meaning, purpose, spirit, drift. nizam statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law, ordinance, rule, constitution, decree, charter, act, canon, edict, enactment, regulation, code, order, ruling, bill. nizamname regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system, convention.

nöbet 1. attack (hücum, hücum etmek, kriz, saldırmak); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 2. tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion, circuit, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition, travel, ride, 3. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, check, follow, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance, 4. spell; synonyms (n) magic, fascination, bout, conjuration, incantation, period, sorcery, enchantment, turn, span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, (v) charm, 5. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, spin, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, twist, change, bent, circle, shift, tour. nöbetçi guard (bekçi); synonyms (n) defend, defense, bulwark, care, cover, escort, protection, watchman, custody, convoy, defence, fender, guardsman, (v) shield, keep. noksan 1. deficiency (eksiklik); synonyms (n) defect, dearth, want, absence, deficit, failing, inadequacy, lack, scarcity, shortcoming, failure, famine, fault, (adj) blemish, imperfection; antonyms (n) excess, sufficiency, 2. lack; synonyms (n) deficiency, need, default, insufficiency, poverty, shortage, drought, vacancy, deprivation, (v) destitution, fail, demand, require, desire, indigence; antonyms (n) abundance, provision, (v) have, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury, privation, pauperism, requirement, distress, ambition, fancy, essential, hardship; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. nokta 1. period (devir, dönem); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day,

337

conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time, 2. dot (benek); synonyms (n) speck, spot, dash, splash, atom, bead, drop, mote, stain, (v) mark, sprinkle, disperse, splotch, dotation, (adj) iota, 3. spot (benek, leke); synonyms (n) blot, place, dapple, dirty, location, position, space, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, mottle, freckle, 4. point (göstermek); synonyms (n) grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, phase, apex, detail, end, height, (v) head, direct, level, 5.

stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, block, close, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, (n) halt, hold, stay, check, arrest, bar, cease; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong. noktalamak dot (benek, nokta); synonyms (n) point, speck, spot, dash, splash, atom, bead, drop, mote, stain, (v) mark, sprinkle, disperse, splotch, (adj) iota. noktalı spotted; synonyms (adj) mottled, dappled, speckled, blotchy, dotted, flyblown, piebald, multicolored, dirty, spotty, stained, tainted, besmirched, damaged, freckled; antonym (adj) plain. norm norm; synonyms (n) average, mean, measure, mode, criterion, model, median, gauge, par, pattern, principle, rule. normal 1. normal; synonyms (adj) regular, common, conventional, customary, general, ordinary, everyday, habitual, mean, natural, typical, just, average, commonplace, formal; antonyms (adj) abnormal, unusual, creepy, eccentric, extraordinary, irregular, odd, strange, supernatural, unconventional, weird, irrational, phenomenal, 2. regular (düzenli); synonyms (adj) normal, orderly, steady, methodical, accurate, correct, even, proper, accustomed, consistent, established, (n) fixed, constant, firm, familiar; antonyms (adj) erratic, inconsistent, variable, asymmetrical, straight, 3. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, mediocre, usual, banal, frequent, indifferent, inferior, medium, dull, fair, household, humble, mundane, pedestrian, (v) inconspicuous; antonyms (adj) incredible, outstanding, peculiar, special, distinguished, famous. not 1. note (not etmek); synonyms (n) comment, mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication, mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice, mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore, 2. mark; synonyms (n) brand, evidence, score, character, impression, imprint, sign, feature, badge, check, (v) blemish, characterize, distinguish, grade, label, 3. memorandum; synonyms (n) memo, note, memorial, entry, letter, memoranda, record. nota note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n) comment, mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

338

Turkish - English

mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice, mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore. nötr neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested, impartial, indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal, noncommittal, colorless, detached, fair, inert, objective, unbiased, apathetic, independent, (n) neuter; antonyms (adj) biased, aromatic, colorful.

nüans shade (gölge, gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness. nüfus population; synonyms (n) inhabitants, people, nation, community, group, populace, public, society, folk, citizens, stock, universe. nüfuz 1. influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority, control, domination, charm, command, hold, (v) affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline, bias, direct, govern, 2. authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, judge, power, professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, approval, authorisation, bureau, 3. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym (v) release, 4. prestige; synonyms (n) credit, influence, distinction, dignity, repute, reputation, standing, status, attraction, face, kudos, celebrity, glory, honor, (adj) renown, 5. pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, hale, lure, (n) wrench, effort, puff; antonyms (v) push, repel. nüfuzlu 1. important (önemli); synonyms (adj) essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big, central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low, worthless, 2. powerful; synonyms (adj) cogent, able, brawny, forcible, hard, mighty, muscular, potent, strong, effective, energetic, influential, intense, lusty, vigorous; antonyms (adj) powerless, weak, mild. nükleer nuclear; synonyms (adj) atomic, central, atomlike, inner, minute, nucleal, organic. nüksetme return (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (n) yield, pay, recompense, refund, restitution, proceeds, income, (v) recur, reimburse, render, repay, restoration, restore, retort, answer; antonyms (n) departure, abolition, confiscation, recovery, (v) keep. nükte 1. wit; synonyms (n) humor, wag, humorist, satire, repartee, brain, mentality, sense, sagacity, nous, humour, intelligence, joker, mind, (adj) irony; antonym (n) tragedy, 2. salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty,

saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm.

numara 1. number (numaralamak, rakam, sayı, saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate, enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 2. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 3. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, glue, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness.

numaralamak number (numara, rakam, sayı, saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate, enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account. numune 1. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, (v) mould, 2. sample (örnek); synonyms (n) instance, specimen, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, piece, precedent, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, prove, (adj) test, 3. specimen; synonyms (n) sample, copy, person, representative, type, 4. model (manken, model, örnek); synonyms (n) image, dummy, prototype, frame, lesson, archetype, epitome, manikin, mannequin, original, paradigm, template, (adj) ideal, (v) imitate, carve; antonym (adj) atypical, 5. piece (parça); synonyms (n) cut, division, fragment, part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk, coin, constituent. nur light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. nüsha copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate, ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake, mimic, record; antonym (n) original. nutuk 1. address (adres, söylev); synonyms (n) accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2. speech (konuşma, söylev); synonyms (n) address, delivery, expression, conversation, language, diction, communication, discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say, saying, 3. discourse; synonyms (n) colloquy, homily, dialogue, article, dissertation, interview,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English chitchat, confabulation, declaim, (v) chat, confer, recite, commune, preach, rap.

O o he; synonyms (pron) cestui, (n) male, man, helium. obje object (amaç, nesne); synonyms (n) design, aim, cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark, matter, subject, substance, drift, (v) except, mind, complain; antonym (v) agree.

objektif 1. objective (amaç, hedef, nesnel); synonyms (adj) dispassionate, fair, impartial, just, concrete, detached, (n) aim, mark, goal, object, ambition, design, end, intent, intention; antonyms (adj) biased, subjective, 2. lens (mercek); synonyms (n) meniscus, sunglass, (v) glass, barometer, especially, glaze, goblet, hourglass, photograph, spyglass, tumbler, weatherglass. ocak 1. cooker; synonym (n) cook, 2. fireplace; synonyms (n) chimney, fire, hearth, fireside, ingle, barbecue, blaze, favourite, flame, paramour, sweetheart, 3. stove; synonyms (n) range, furnace, heater, ambit, chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach, scope, warmer, 4. oven (fırın); synonyms (n) kiln, stove, boiler. oda 1. room; synonyms (n) chamber, latitude, occasion, apartment, hall, house, opening, opportunity, expanse, extent, flat, margin, area, cabin, (v) board, 2. chamber; synonyms (n) bedroom, bedchamber, cavity, cell, council, compartment, committee, court, cubicle, room. odak focus; synonyms (n) centering, core, nidus, nucleus, point, target, heart, (v) center, concentrate, converge, aim, centre, direct, focalize, centralize. odaklama focusing; synonyms (n) centering, concentration, focus, focussing, focalisation, focalization, direction, nidus, snap, stress. odaklamak focus (odak); synonyms (n) centering, core, nidus, nucleus, point, target, heart, (v) center, concentrate, converge, aim, centre, direct, focalize, centralize. odun wood (ağaç, koru, tahta); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle. ofis office (büro); synonyms (n) charge, agency, duty, function, position, commission, appointment, division, authority, berth, bureau, job, part, place, post. oğlak kid; synonyms (n) baby, child, youngster, infant, juvenile, toddler, tot, babe, (v) joke, jest, banter, chaff, mock, fool, jolly. oğlan boy; synonyms (n) lad, fellow, kid, male, man, minor, servant, son, youngster, youth, boots. oğul 1. son; synonyms (n) offspring, boy, lad, child, descendant, logos, word, bible, countersign, discussion, intelligence, kid, news, parole,

339

password, 2. boy (oğlan); synonyms (n) fellow, male, man, minor, servant, son, youngster, youth, boots. ok arrow; synonyms (n) pointer, barb, bolt, dart, missile, gun, spear, javelin, jereed, jerid, lance, pike, (adj) rocket, hydrargyrum, quicksilver. okşama stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow. okşamak 1. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 2. pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, favored, precious, (n) favorite, darling, love, beloved, ducky, coddle, (v) dear, dandle, baby, pamper, cherish, indulge. okşayış stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow. oksijen oxygen; synonym (n) o. okul school; synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, (v) educate, instruct, train, coach, cultivate, discipline, edify, teach. okuma 1. reading; synonyms (n) recital, learning, construction, interpretation, lection, study, version, erudition, lore, explanation, presentation, recitation, scholarship, translation, (v) read, 2. read (okumak); synonyms (v) interpret, construe, decipher, gather, indicate, learn, perceive, say, understand, demonstrate, comprehend, display, examine, explain, peruse. okumak 1. read; synonyms (v) interpret, construe, decipher, gather, indicate, learn, perceive, say, understand, demonstrate, comprehend, display, examine, explain, peruse, 2. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation, learning, meditation, (v) consider, review, research, check, analyze, contemplate, inquire, investigate, meditate, ponder. okumuş educated; synonyms (v) instructed, (adj) cultured, erudite, enlightened, learned, lettered, trained, informed, refined, taught; antonyms (adj) uneducated, ignorant. okur reader (okuyucu); synonyms (n) lecturer, professor, lector, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber, compositor, preacher, printer. okutman 1. lecturer; synonyms (n) instructor, lector, professor, reader, teacher, coach, orator, preacher, speaker, trainer, tutor, educator, 2. reader (okuyucu); synonyms (n) lecturer, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber, compositor, printer. okuyucu reader; synonyms (n) lecturer, professor, lector, proofreader, reviewer, subscriber, compositor, preacher, printer.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

340

Turkish - English

okyanus 1. ocean; synonyms (n) sea, deep, brine, waves, multitude, lot, heap, pile, puddle, seaway, sink, splash, (adj) oceanic, marine, subaquatic, 2. drink (içmek); synonyms (n) beverage, alcohol, brew, potion, swallow, crapulence, intoxicant, nip, (v) draught, booze, carouse, bib, absorb, down, gulp. olabilir possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable, imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, potential, practical, probable, thinkable, workable, attainable, believable, credible; antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory. olabilirlik 1. likelihood; synonyms (n) chance, odds, probability, eventuality, expectation, likeliness, prospect, expectancy, appearance, option, plausibility, possibility, verisimilitude, outlook; antonyms (n) unlikelihood, improbability, 2. possibility (olanak); synonyms (n) feasibility, likelihood, opportunity, opening, occasion, potential, ability, danger, possibleness, conjecture, guess, hazard, hope, hypothesis, theory. olağan 1. normal (normal); synonyms (adj) regular, common, conventional, customary, general, ordinary, everyday, habitual, mean, natural, typical, just, average, commonplace, formal; antonyms (adj) abnormal, unusual, creepy, eccentric, extraordinary, irregular, odd, strange, supernatural, unconventional, weird, irrational, phenomenal, 2. usual; synonyms (adj) accustomed, familiar, normal, routine, public, prevalent, prevailing, stock, traditional, accepted, chronic, expected, (v) frequent, wonted, plebeian, 3. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, base, ignoble, mediocre, trivial, banal, prosaic, poor, collective, communal, (n) commons; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent, 4. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, indifferent, inferior, medium, dull, fair, household, humble, mundane, pedestrian, trite, moderate, characterless, humdrum, (v) inconspicuous; antonyms (adj) incredible, outstanding, peculiar, special, distinguished, famous, 5. regular (düzenli, normal); synonyms (adj) orderly, steady, methodical, accurate, correct, even, proper, consistent, established, set, symmetrical, invariable, (n) fixed, constant, firm; antonyms (adj) erratic, inconsistent, variable, asymmetrical, straight. olağandışı 1. abnormal (anormal); synonyms (adj) aberrant, anomalous, atypical, irregular, monstrous, odd, perverted, strange, uncommon, unnatural, unusual, perverse, improper, preternatural, grotesque; antonyms (adj) normal, typical, usual, 2. unusual; synonyms (adj) peculiar, quaint, curious, eccentric, exceptional, exotic, extraordinary, rare, remarkable, special,

unprecedented, abnormal, bizarre, different, fantastic; antonyms (adj) common, customary, ordinary, familiar, conventional, routine. olağanüstü 1. remarkable; synonyms (adj) exceptional, extraordinary, notable, noteworthy, odd, distinguished, conspicuous, phenomenal, famous, illustrious, curious, great, noticeable, outstanding, (n) memorable; antonyms (adj) ordinary, insignificant, unremarkable, 2. marvellous; synonyms (adj) fantastic, marvelous, miraculous, tall, terrific, tremendous, wonderful, wondrous, improbable, fantastical, rattling, antic, grotesque, brisk, crying, 3. extraordinary; synonyms (adj) abnormal, amazing, astonishing, bizarre, extra, rare, special, strange, unusual, incredible, peculiar, preternatural, prodigious, remarkable, singular; antonyms (adj) normal, everyday, 4. rare; synonyms (adj) uncommon, infrequent, precious, scarce, seldom, thin, few, choice, fine, novel, exquisite, excellent, flimsy, occasional, priceless; antonyms (adj) common, frequent. olanak 1. facility (kolaylık); synonyms (n) ability, dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness, artifice, aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom, installation, knack, lightness, (adj) competence, proficiency, 2. possibility; synonyms (n) chance, feasibility, likelihood, opportunity, opening, probability, expectancy, eventuality, expectation, occasion, odds, potential, prospect, danger, option, 3. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) range, reach, domain, purview, room, expanse, area, compass, drift, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, amplitude, breadth, (v) view. olanaklar resources; synonyms (n) means, property, capital, assets, finances, money, substance, funds, wherewithal, revenue, wealth, belongings, cash, circumstances, fortune. olanaklı possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable, imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, potential, practical, probable, thinkable, workable, attainable, believable, credible; antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory. olanaksız 1. impossible; synonyms (adj) insufferable, unimaginable, hopeless, impracticable, impractical, inconceivable, unbelievable, unlikely, ridiculous, unthinkable, intolerable, implausible, incredible, unacceptable, unfeasible; antonyms (adj) possible, achievable, feasible, 2. unable; synonyms (adj) powerless, incapable, incompetent, ineffective, impotent, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit, disqualified; antonyms (adj) able, capable. Olarak as (gibi); synonyms (conj) qua, because, since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English olası 1. possible; synonyms (adj) conceivable, imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, potential, practical, probable, thinkable, workable, attainable, believable, credible; antonyms (adj) impossible, unlikely, compulsory, 2. liable; synonyms (adj) amenable, accountable, answerable, apt, disposed, exposed, inclined, responsible, subject, culpable, vulnerable, given, obnoxious, susceptible, blameworthy; antonym (adj) exempt, 3. feasible; synonyms (adj) possible, fit, achievable, available, doable, realizable, viable, executable, plausible, 4. probable; synonyms (adj) hopeful, convincing, specious, presumptive, verisimilar, apparent; antonym (adj) improbable. olasılık 1. odds; synonyms (n) advantage, chance, likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v) difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 2. probability; synonyms (n) odds, opportunity, expectation, eventuality, contingency, expectancy, danger, outlook, verisimilitude, fortune, hazard, 3. prospect; synonyms (n) view, anticipation, aspect, hope, lookout, perspective, future, panorama, picture, scene, forecast, candidate, horizon, look, (v) explore; antonym (n) past, 4. chance; synonyms (n) venture, accident, break, fate, luck, random, turn, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet, befall, happen, bump; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 5. likelihood; synonyms (n) appearance, option, plausibility; antonyms (n) unlikelihood, improbability. olay 1. event; synonyms (n) affair, case, consequence, effect, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact, happening, incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance, 2. incident; synonyms (n) event, adventure, episode, experience, instance, occasion, anecdote, development, incidence, matter, phenomenon, (adj) attendant, concomitant, accessory, incidental, 3. fact (gerçek, olgu); synonyms (n) detail, deed, particular, truth, actuality, point, reality, thing, condition, accident, aspect, feature, situation, veracity, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture, fallacy, falsehood, report, 4. episode; synonyms (n) chapter, installment, subdivision, instalment, interlude, parenthesis, part, section, sequence, 5. happening; synonyms (n) eventuality, fortuity, business, fate, 6. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, suit, carton, action, cause, (adj) patient, 7. experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) taste, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, sustain, try, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 8. occurrence; synonyms (n) juncture, circumstances, conclusion, outburst, 9. circumstance; synonyms (n) state,

341

opportunity, casualty, crisis, phase, context, 10. affair (iş, mesele); synonyms (n) concern, job, amour, duty, party, subject, theme, topic, transaction, meeting, affaire, function, liaison, occupation, (v) collision, 11. scene; synonyms (n) view, background, display, environment, outlook, panorama, picture, spectacle, lookout, perspective, appearance, look, position, arena, (v) prospect. oldu okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization, agreement, (v) approve, sanction, consent, endorse, authorize, countenance; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid. oldukça 1. fairly; synonyms (adv) completely, moderately, somewhat, clean, equitably, fair, justly, passably, pretty, quite, rather, reasonably, enough, middling, relatively; antonyms (adv) unfairly, extremely, unjustly, 2. rather; synonyms (adv) fairly, considerably, instead, kinda, preferably, comparatively, sooner, 3. pretty (güzel); synonyms (adv) very, jolly, (adj) beautiful, graceful, lovely, attractive, charming, handsome, goodlooking, picturesque, dainty, cute, elegant, fine, (n) nice; antonym (adj) ugly, 4. quite; synonyms (adv) altogether, absolutely, all, entirely, fully, sheer, exactly, even, right, stark, totally, well, wholly, awfully, (adj) just, 5. relatively; synonyms (adv) partially, partly, 6. substantially; synonyms (adv) materially, firmly, amply, significantly, generously, markedly, noticeably, (adj) practically, virtually; antonym (adv) slightly. olgu fact (gerçek, olay); synonyms (n) event, incident, detail, deed, particular, truth, actuality, circumstance, experience, occurrence, point, reality, thing, contingency, (v) act; antonyms (n) guesswork, rumor, conjecture, fallacy, falsehood, report. olgun 1. mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult, aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young, sophomoric, (v) immature, 2. ripe; synonyms (adj) mature, ready, advanced, good, prepared, matured, consummate, right; antonym (adj) green. olgunlaşmak mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult, aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young, sophomoric, (v) immature. olgunlaştırmak 1. mature; synonyms (adj) ripe, complete, adult, aged, developed, experienced, fledged, old, perfect, (v) grow, ripen, develop, age, maturate, mellow; antonyms (adj) childish, naive, unripe, young, sophomoric, (v) immature, 2. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, flavour, moderate, pickle, spice, temper, (adj) harden, habituate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

342

Turkish - English

olgunluk maturity; synonyms (n) ripeness, adulthood, matureness, perfection, majority, age, development, readiness, prime; antonyms (n) childhood, youth, immaturity. olmak 1. become; synonyms (v) be, grow, suit, arise, get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go, make, turn, wax, change, 2. get (almak, elde etmek, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture, cause, engage; antonyms (v) lose, give, leave, 3. happen; synonyms (v) befall, chance, develop, appear, bechance, hap, occur, pass, transpire, arrive, encounter, find, proceed, result, (n) betide, 4. occur; synonyms (v) happen, materialize, ensue, break, advance, begin, exist, rise, eventuate, continue, elapse, issue, start, ascend, die, 5. be; synonyms (v) live, act, consist, constitute, represent, cost, follow, form, lie, remain, rest, stay, subsist, comprise, (n) stand, 6. exist (var olmak); synonyms (v) dwell, endure, abide, belong, survive, hold, 7. grow; synonyms (v) augment, enlarge, expand, emerge, farm, spring, breed, accrue, blossom, evolve, extend, flourish, germinate, increase, mature; antonyms (v) decrease, weaken, shrink. olmuş 1. done (tamam); synonyms (adj) finished, complete, completed, over, gone, through, (adv) ended; antonym (adj) unfinished, 2. ripe; synonyms (adj) mature, adult, ready, advanced, good, prepared, perfect, matured, consummate, right, (v) mellow; antonym (adj) green. oluk channel (kanal); synonyms (n) canal, conduit, groove, drain, duct, line, passage, trough, waterway, aqueduct, link, hollow, (v) carry, conduct, convey. olumlu 1. positive (pozitif); synonyms (adj) absolute, certain, affirmative, confident, decisive, definite, direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible, peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, (n) actual; antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain, unsure, pessimistic, sad, 2. favourable; synonyms (adj) auspicious, encouraging, lucky, opportune, prosperous, comfortable, easy, booming, flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering, roaring, supporting, thriving. olumsuz negative (negatif); synonyms (adj) minus, adverse, denying, damaging, destructive, contrary, unfavorable, (n) denial, (v) gainsay, veto, deny, disavow, kill, negate, controvert; antonyms (adj) positive, optimistic, assenting, (n) affirmative. oluşturmak 1. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v) cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish, carve, construct, 2. generate (üretmek); synonyms (v) breed, develop, bear, beget, cause, engender, get, provoke, create, father, produce, raise, reproduce, yield, (adj) procreate, 3.

constitute; synonyms (v) compose, form, commission, appoint, comprise, be, found, institute, name, nominate, ordain, organize, designate, configure, consist. oluşum formation; synonyms (n) constitution, creation, establishment, construction, genesis, arrangement, composition, organization, configuration, conformation, generation, production, architecture, erection, (v) fabrication; antonym (n) destruction. omurga spine; synonyms (n) backbone, thorn, point, prickle, quill, spike, back, barb, rachis, pricker, ridge, spur, sticker. omuz shoulder (banket); synonyms (n) elbow, back, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain, assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake. omuzlamak shoulder (banket, omuz); synonyms (n) elbow, back, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain, assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake. on ten; synonyms (n) tenner, decade, ace, break, breath, decennary, decennium, ecstasy, female, (adj) perfect, comely, desirable, faultless, glamorous, good-looking. onama 1. approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms (n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim, agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation, acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation, commendation, confirmation, consent, permission; antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation, scorn, criticism, 2. acceptance (kabul); synonyms (n) acceptation, adoption, accession, approval, assumption, credence, ratification, receipt, welcome, belief, admission, assent, espousal, popularity, reception; antonyms (n) refutation, dispatch.

onarım 1. repair (onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend, go; antonym (v) break, 2. restoration; synonyms (n) restitution, reinstatement, renewal, renovation, revival, regaining, repair, return, rejuvenation, recession, recuperation, reform, regeneration, comeback, (v) amends; antonyms (n) confiscation, reduction.

onarmak 1. repair (onarım, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend, go; antonym (v) break, 2. restore; synonyms (v) refresh, reinstate, renew, rehabilitate, rejuvenate, repay, replace, reimburse, reconstruct, recover, reestablish, refund, refurbish, regenerate, (adj) repair; antonym (v) keep. onay 1. approval (onaylama); synonyms (n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim, agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation, acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English commendation, confirmation, consent, permission; antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation, scorn, criticism, 2. confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation, approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction, testimony, demonstration, authentication, check, endorsement, evidence, proof, substantiation, verification, averment; antonym (n) contradiction, 3. okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, correct, (int) yes, (n) authorization, blessing, authority, (v) approve, endorse, authorize, countenance, accept; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid. onaylama 1. approval (onay); synonyms (n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim, agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation, acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation, commendation, confirmation, consent, permission; antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation, scorn, criticism, 2. validation; synonyms (n) proof, substantiation, verification, establishment, justification, approval, corroboration, administration, basis, brass, constitution, demonstration, ecesis, explanation, formation.

onaylamak 1. approve (uygun bulmak); synonyms (v) sanction, adopt, accept, acknowledge, allow, admit, agree, endorse, let, ratify, support, applaud, acquiesce, authorize, confirm; antonyms (v) reject, censure, condemn, disapprove, forbid, veto, 2. accept (almak, kabul etmek); synonyms (v) receive, take, recognize, abide, accede, assume, believe, yield, approve, assent, bear, consent, espouse, have, (n) embrace; antonyms (v) refuse, deny, snub, oppose, renounce, resist, 3. confirm (doğrulamak); synonyms (v) affirm, corroborate, establish, prove, validate, verify, clinch, assert, assure, authenticate, certify, demonstrate, justify, testify, uphold; antonyms (v) disprove, contradict, 4. okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, correct, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization, agreement, blessing, authority, okey, (v) countenance, pass; antonym (adj) unsatisfactory, 5. grant (vermek); synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, present, (v) give, award, bestow, afford, concede, confer, gift, accord, boon, endowment, (adj) deliver, 6. acknowledge; synonyms (v) avow, confess, own, profess, appreciate, declare, notice, answer, grant, hail, know, observe, receipt, recognise, respect; antonyms (v) ignore, overlook. onaylı approved; synonyms (adj) accepted, certified, sanctioned, allowed, authorized, accredited, agreed, conventional, regular, official, orthodox; antonyms (adj) informal, unofficial. onuncu tenth; synonyms (n) tithe, disme, (adj) decimal, decuple, denary, tenfold. onur 1. honour; synonyms (n) award, accolade, innocence, awarding, (v) esteem, honor, respect,

343

celebrate, observe, reward, comply, detect, discover, find, follow; antonym (v) dishonor, 2. pride (gurur); synonyms (n) arrogance, boast, conceit, haughtiness, egotism, lordliness, vanity, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur, triumph, presumption, glory, (v) plume; antonyms (n) humility, modesty. onurlu 1. honourable; synonyms (adj) honest, estimable, honorable, good, ethical, moral, 2. proud (gururlu); synonyms (adj) arrogant, dignified, disdainful, haughty, lofty, exalted, conceited, egotistical, gallant, lordly, majestic, overbearing, pompous, imperious, elated; antonyms (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed. onursal honorary; synonyms (adj) complimentary, unpaid, voluntary, unbought, honorarium, nominal, (adv) amateur. opera opera; synonyms (n) play, drama, operetta, comedy, performance, piece, song, tragedy, afterpiece, ballet, burlesque, burletta, comedietta, divertissement, exode. operasyon operation (ameliyat); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job. operatör 1. operator; synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy, hooker, 2. surgeon (cerrah); synonyms (n) doctor, physician, sawbones, chirurgeon. opsiyonlu optional (seçmeli); synonyms (adj) discretionary, arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory, unrestricted, additional, supplementary, external, extracurricular, extramural, unnecessary, available, discretional, flexible, noncompulsory; antonyms (adj) obligatory, compulsory, required, essential, necessary, mandatory. optik 1. optical; synonyms (adj) optic, visual, ocular, opthalmic, eye, eyeglass, (n) perspective, 2. visual (görsel); synonyms (adj) visible, graphic, optical, seeable, artistic, decorative, diagrammatic, drawn, illustrative, (n) visuals, image, picture, design, diagram, figure. orada there; synonyms (adv) here, thither, present, thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj) adept, competent, expert, professional, reliable, skillful, trustworthy, unfailing. oran 1. ratio; synonyms (n) percentage, degree, proportion, measure, scale, rate, extent, fraction, grade, comparison, relationship, amount, 2. rate; synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, rank, 3. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) criterion, beat, benchmark, measurement, meter, quantity,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

344

Turkish - English

act, allotment, action, bill, dose, magnitude, (v) fathom, gauge, (adj) mete. orantı proportion; synonyms (n) balance, percentage, degree, ratio, portion, slice, dimension, equilibrium, equipoise, fraction, measure, part, rate, share, (v) scale. orantılı proportional; synonyms (adj) proportionate, commensurate, proportionable, relative, balanced, symmetrical, even, graduated. oraya there (orada); synonyms (adv) here, thither, present, thereat, apparent, convenient, visible, (adj) adept, competent, expert, professional, reliable, skillful, trustworthy, unfailing. ordu 1. army; synonyms (n) legion, troop, host, battery, battalion, brigade, crowd, flock, force, multitude, service, swarm, war, (adj) military, array, 2. host; synonyms (n) army, horde, mob, emcee, mass, throng, heap, bunch, group, innkeeper, landlord, pack, server, beads, cloud. ordugâh camp (kamp); synonyms (n) bivouac, encampment, faction, base, barracks, cantonment, side, sect, (v) encamp, pitch, tent, (adj) campy. org organ; synonyms (n) instrument, member, limb, agency, harmonium, medium, part, means, journal, channel. organ 1. organ; synonyms (n) instrument, member, limb, agency, harmonium, medium, part, means, journal, channel, 2. member (üye); synonyms (n) supporter, extremity, phallus, portion, appendage, employee, fellow, section, constituent, division, element, follower, associate, branch, link, 3. agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, factor, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, department, (v) action, act, deed. organik organic; synonyms (adj) constitutional, natural, constitutive, fundamental, constituent, inherent, structural, whole, raw; antonym (adj) refined. organizasyon organization (örgüt); synonyms (n) order, establishment, administration, arrangement, formation, association, constitution, institution, structure, system, form, business, company, concern, enterprise. organizma 1. organism; synonyms (n) being, organization, constitution, animal, life, beast, 2. organization (örgüt); synonyms (n) order, establishment, administration, arrangement, formation, association, institution, structure, system, form, business, company, concern, enterprise, fabric.

orijin origin (başlangıç, kaynak, köken); synonyms (n) cause, lineage, base, beginning, birth, descent, ancestry, commencement, derivation, extraction, foundation, fountain, inception, root, source; antonym (n) end.

orijinal original (özgün); synonyms (adj) first, authentic, native, new, primary, primitive, indigenous, aboriginal, creative, early, fresh, imaginative, inventive, (n) archetype, model; antonyms (adj) commonplace, banal, copied, corny, derivative, hackneyed, well-worn, conventional, resulting, unimaginative, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake, imitation, replica. orkestra 1. orchestra; synonyms (n) band, minstrelsy, ensemble, group, orchester, orchestre, 2. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine. orman forest; synonyms (n) timber, jungle, woodland, timberland, wood, woods, (v) afforest. orospu bitch; synonyms (n) beef, moan, cunt, hen, kick, shrew, slut, trollop, (v) gripe, complain, backbite, protest, squawk, (adj) botch. orta 1. middle; synonyms (adj) intermediate, central, halfway, median, mediate, mid, inner, inside, (n) average, heart, hub, mean, center, core, centre; antonyms (adj) extreme, outer, (n) edge, outside, 2. medium (ortam); synonyms (adj) fair, middle, middling, moderate, (n) mediocre, atmosphere, gobetween, instrument, means, vehicle, agency, channel, environment, mediocrity, spiritualist, 3. intermediate (ara); synonyms (adj) medium, interstitial, (v) intercede, interjacent, intercurrent, arbitrate, intervene, intervenient, intervening, (n) intermediary, broker, middleman, 4. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, assuage, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 5. median; synonyms (adj) medial, mesial, normal, (n) norm, 6. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, comely, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 7. centre; synonyms (n) midpoint, (v) centralize, concentrate, focus, 8. average (ortalama); synonyms (adj) common, ordinary, tolerable, usual, commonplace, customary, everyday, plain, regular, passable, typical; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v) maximum, minimum, 9. midst; synonyms (n) thick, interior, middest, deep, depths, nucleus, (prep) during. ortada apparent; synonyms (adj) manifest, discernible, patent, plain, clear, definite, evident, obvious, open, ostensible, perceptible, conspicuous, marked, noticeable, (adv) visible; antonyms (adj) unclear, real, mysterious, obscure. ortadaki middle (orta); synonyms (adj) intermediate, central, halfway, median, mediate, mid, inner,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English inside, (n) average, heart, hub, mean, center, core, centre; antonyms (adj) extreme, outer, (n) edge, outside. ortak 1. partner; synonyms (n) consort, copartner, accomplice, associate, companion, fellow, ally, collaborator, colleague, mate, pal, friend, confederate, wife, (adj) comrade, 2. common (adi); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 3. joint (birleşik, eklem, mafsal); synonyms (adj) collective, common, communal, cooperative, bilateral, (n) articulation, hinge, join, seam, connection, tie, joining, junction, juncture, (v) articulate; antonyms (adj) unilateral, private, separate, 4. mutual (karşılıklı); synonyms (adj) reciprocal, joint, alternate, concerted, shared, united, commutual, interchangeable; antonym (adj) one-sided, 5. collective; synonyms (adj) aggregate, general, cumulative, generic, community, corporate, social, unanimous, (n) commune, group; antonyms (adj) capitalist, distributive. ortaklaşa jointly; synonyms (adv) conjointly, together, collectively, unitedly, mutually. ortaklık 1. partnership; synonyms (n) company, corporation, alliance, association, copartnership, business, firm, participation, fellowship, confederation, fraternity, companionship, coalition, affiliation, combination, 2. association (dernek); synonyms (n) connection, assembly, affinity, link, partnership, society, syndicate, congress, meeting, band, brotherhood, club, communication, conference, (v) assemblage. ortalama 1. average; synonyms (adj) mean, median, fair, common, medium, middle, middling, normal, ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid, moderate, tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj) exceptional, extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v) maximum, minimum, 2. mean (demek istemek); synonyms (v) intend, design, imply, denote, involve, (adj) base, hateful, ignoble, miserly, abject, beggarly, (n) average, contemptible, low, cheap; antonyms (adj) generous, kind. ortam 1. medium (orta); synonyms (adj) intermediate, fair, mid, (n) average, mediocre, mean, atmosphere, go-between, instrument, means, vehicle, agency, channel, environment, mediocrity, 2. environment (çevre); synonyms (n) circumstance, background, habitat, context, setting, surroundings, vicinity, ecology, element, circumstances, environs, medium, scene, home, nature, 3. atmosphere (atmosfer); synonyms (n) air, ambience, ambiance, aura, feel, feeling, mood,

345

quality, climate, situation, atm, 4. media; synonyms (n) medial, communications, middle. ortanca median; synonyms (adj) middle, medial, mesial, central, intermediate, medium, mid, normal, (n) mean, average, norm. ortasında midst; synonyms (n) core, center, thick, interior, middest, deep, depths, nucleus, (adj) middle, (adv) mid, (prep) during. ortasından across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed. ortodoks orthodox; synonyms (adj) canonical, conventional, accepted, sound, faithful, conservative, customary, devout, legitimate, regular, proper, right, traditional, usual, honest; antonyms (adj) unconventional, unorthodox. oruç fast (hızlı); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge. ot grass (çimen); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp. otantik authentic; synonyms (adj) actual, genuine, accurate, real, right, straight, believable, true, trustworthy, valid, unfeigned, unsophisticated, credible, factual, (v) authoritative; antonyms (adj) bogus, fake, unrealistic. otel 1. hotel; synonyms (n) lodge, house, inn, tavern, spa, lodging, mansion, abode, accommodations, audience, bar, box, castle, chateau, cottage, 2. inn; synonyms (n) hostel, hotel, hostelry, pub, saloon. otelci host; synonyms (n) crowd, army, flock, horde, mob, legion, troop, emcee, mass, multitude, swarm, throng, heap, array, battalion. otlak 1. field (alan, saha, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) array, reach, scope, distance, (v) line, arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad, classify. otlamak 1. grass (çimen, ot); synonyms (n) cannabis, forage, marijuana, pasture, dope, feed, ganja, herb, herbage, informer, (v) betray, denounce, (adj) pot, green, hemp, 2. crop (ürün); synonyms (n) fruit, harvest, craw, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, (adj) clip, shear, 3. feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, board, diet,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

346

Turkish - English

encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, fertilize, (n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v) starve. otobüs bus; synonyms (n) automobile, autobus, car, coach, vehicle, busbar, charabanc, motorbus, omnibus. otomatik automatic; synonyms (adj) instinctive, involuntary, automated, mechanical, reflex, spontaneous, unconscious; antonyms (adj) manual, deliberate, voluntary. otomobil 1. car (araba); synonyms (n) automobile, auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle, tramcar, coupe, jalopy, gondola, machine, motorcar, railcar, limousine, 2. motor (motor); synonyms (n) engine, car, locomotive, conductor, (adj) motive, (v) drive, ride, travel. otonom autonomous (özerk); synonyms (adj) independent, sovereign, autonomic, free, separate; antonym (adj) dependent. otonomi autonomy (özerklik); synonyms (n) independence, freedom, autocracy, liberty, sovereignty; antonym (n) dependence. otorite 1. authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, 2. arm (kol); synonyms (n) branch, wing, bay, department, division, limb, might, offshoot, section, sleeve, weapon, (v) equip, furnish, outfit, provide; antonym (v) disarm, 3. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, intensity, strength, effectiveness, effect, (v) influence, dominion, faculty, capacity, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness. otoriter authoritative (yetkili); synonyms (adj) official, absolute, authoritarian, authorized, commanding, imperious, influential, magistral, powerful, authorised, certain, definitive, dictatorial, (n) authentic, (v) departmental; antonym (adj) informal. otoyol 1. motorway; synonyms (n) expressway, freeway, superhighway, throughway, thruway, pike, 2. highway (anayol); synonyms (n) road, highroad, way, course, path, route, street, thoroughfare. oturak stool (tabure); synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory. oturan sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching, gestation, (n) session, seat, meeting, seance, posing, (adj) seated, inactive. oturma 1. sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching, gestation, (n) session, seat, meeting, seance, posing, (adj) seated, inactive, 2. residence; synonyms (n)

abode, dwelling, home, house, accommodation, domicile, lodging, occupancy, habitation, mansion, place, manse, abidance, apartment, hall, 3. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, arrest, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. oturmak 1. sit; synonyms (v) model, pose, rest, ride, place, posture, put, seat, set, squat, meet, hold, convene, locate, mount; antonyms (v) stand, rise, 2. live (canlı, yaşamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate, living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate. oturtmak 1. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place, bench, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position, post, posterior, (v) locate, put, contain, hold, 2. sit (oturmak); synonyms (v) model, pose, rest, ride, posture, seat, set, squat, meet, convene, mount, stand, settle, sprawl; antonym (v) rise. oturum 1. session; synonyms (n) meeting, seance, sitting, conference, bout, consultation, convention, class, period, stretch, discussion, 2. hearing; synonyms (n) audition, earshot, ear, trial, sound, reach, examination, inquiry, interview, listening, earreach, (adj) audience, auditory; antonym (adj) deaf, 3. sitting; synonyms (v) incubation, batching, gestation, (n) session, seat, posing, (adj) seated, inactive. otuz thirty; synonyms (n) xxx, termination, dash, (adj) thretty. ova plain (açık, düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, clear, downright, easy, evident, homely, humble, level, manifest, obvious, simple, (n) flat; antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, twocolored. oy vote; synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll, suffrage, franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v) voice, elect. oylama 1. voting; synonyms (adj) elective, (n) vote, ballot, balloting, poll, election, suffrage, division, appointment, determination, 2. poll; synonyms (n) head, crown, pate, inquiry, capitulum, count, (v) canvass, parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster, research, survey, enumerate, 3. vote (oy); synonyms (n) franchise, voting, choice, (v) voice, elect. oylum 1. volume (cilt, hacim); synonyms (n) bulk, size, book, magnitude, mass, quantity, dimension, amount, capacity, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, (adj) deal, pot; antonym (n) quietness, 2. bulk (hacim, yığın); synonyms (n) majority, volume, body, extent, thickness, scale, aggregate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English immensity, bigness, dimensions, freight, (v) bulge, pouch, protrude, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority. oymak 1. tribe (kabile); synonyms (n) family, clan, house, folk, kin, kindred, nation, people, race, stock, lineage, breed, line, folks, kind, 2. bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill, perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber, diameter, nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother; antonyms (v) interest, excite, fascinate. oynak mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless. oynama play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol; antonym (v) work. oynamak 1. play; synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol; antonym (v) work, 2. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, disturb, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 3. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, law, (v) achievement, behave, deed, acquit, feign, operate; antonym (v) refrain, 4. dance (dans, dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, ramp, 5. work (çalışma, çalışmak, iş); synonyms (n) business, employment, function, task, book, composition, (v) labor, toil, cultivate, exploit, ferment, form, manipulate, (adj) job, trade; antonyms (v) idle, malfunction, 6. sport (spor); synonyms (n) jest, fun, romp, amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak, entertainment, mutation, prank, merriment, pleasure, athletics, (v) boast. oynaşmak spoon; synonyms (n) ladle, spoonful, shovel, trowel, (v) scoop, smooch, dip, snog. oynatmak 1. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay, 2. dance (dans, dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v) bound, caper, hop, bop, cavort, play, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, 3. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak. oysa whereas; synonyms (conj) though, while, whenas, where, (adv) although, when, then, (prep) because.

347

oyuk 1. hole (delik); synonyms (n) cavity, aperture, crack, den, pocket, breach, break, burrow, cave, corner, depression, fix, hollow, lair, (adj) gap, 2. bore; synonyms (v) dig, bother, tire, annoy, drill, perforate, pierce, plague, tap, (n) caliber, diameter, nuisance, well, annoyance, (adj) pother; antonyms (v) interest, excite, fascinate, 3. pit (çukur); synonyms (n) dent, hole, grave, colliery, excavation, mine, stone, crater, fossa, indentation, kernel, (v) ditch, oppose, mark, match, 4. socket; synonyms (n) alveolus, sleeve, slot, recess, sheath, compass, employment, fitment, fob, overshot, pouch, province, rank, scabbard, sphere. oyun 1. game; synonyms (n) amusement, fun, entertainment, competition, contest, diversion, match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, (v) bet, gamble, wager, 2. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) contrivance, apparatus, appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, figure, gimmick, invention, plan, trick, way, design, dodge, expedient, 3. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n) frolic, game, gambol, romp, jest, caper; antonym (v) work, 4. trick (aldatmak); synonyms (n) deceit, deception, prank, device, dupe, stratagem, knack, (v) swindle, cheat, deceive, fraud, sham, con, mislead, beguile, 5. dance (dans, dans etmek); synonyms (n) dancing, party, (v) bound, hop, bop, cavort, jump, shake, skip, step, beat, dandle, prance, ramp, spring, 6. sport (spor); synonyms (n) disport, mutant, recreation, freak, mutation, merriment, pleasure, athletics, derision, mockery, gaming, hobby, (v) boast, lark, brandish. oyuncak 1. sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play, jest, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, joke, amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak, exercise, (v) gambol, 2. toy; synonyms (n) plaything, gimcrack, (adj) miniature, trick, (v) coquet, dally, fiddle, flirt, sport, trifle, act, trinket, tinker, fool, dawdle. oyuncu player; synonyms (n) musician, actor, participant, contestant, histrion, instrumentalist, performer, thespian, artiste, competitor, artist, athlete, entrant. oyuncular cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, form, shed, stamp, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, (n) appearance, casting, mold. oyunculuk acting; synonyms (adj) active, interim, temporary, provisional, (n) enactment, drama, playing; antonym (adj) permanent. ozan poet; synonyms (n) bard, author, maker, lyricist, muse, manufacturer, meditate, muset, novelist, playwright, writer, artist, balladist, critic, dilettante. ozon ozone; synonym (n) air.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

348

Turkish - English

Ö öbek group (grup, küme); synonyms (n) bunch, brigade, collection, crowd, flock, gang, association, clump, company, gathering, (v) assemblage, class, cluster, rank, sort. öbür 1. other (başka, diğer); synonyms (adj) additional, another, different, extra, further, more, new, second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite, added; antonym (adj) same, 2. far (uzak); synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely, well, astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote, much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms (adv) close, briefly, (adj) near. öç revenge; synonyms (n) reprisal, retaliation, retribution, vengeance, grudge, payback, punishment, revengement, (v) avenge, retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate, punish. öd 1. bile (safra); synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury, indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred, 2. gall; synonyms (n) cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, impertinence, impudence, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate. ödeme 1. payment; synonyms (n) pay, compensation, bonus, charge, cost, defrayal, expense, recompense, remuneration, installment, deposit, contribution, defrayment, duty, (adj) penalty; antonym (n) nonpayment, 2. pay (maaş, ödemek); synonyms (v) compensate, liquidate, yield, afford, clear, expend, give, remunerate, (n) wage, earnings, fee, salary, allowance, devote, income; antonym (v) owe, 3. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment, arrangement, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, adjustment, agreement, colonization, establishment, liquidation, 4. discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 5. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure, amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, fulfillment, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent, 6. redemption; synonyms (n) ransom, salvation, buyback, performance, repurchase, acquittal, observance, rescue, satisfaction. ödemek 1. pay (maaş); synonyms (v) compensate, compensation, liquidate, yield, afford, clear, expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings, fee, salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2.

discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 3. repay; synonyms (v) pay, reimburse, reward, refund, render, redeem, remunerate, requite, return, replace, restore, retort, reciprocate, recoup, (n) answer, 4. settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, drop, (adj) confirm, 5. satisfy (memnun etmek); synonyms (v) please, content, fill, indulge, meet, persuade, sate, satiate, appease, assuage, convince, delight, execute, (adj) suffice, do; antonyms (v) dissatisfy, disappoint, displease, intensify. ödenebilir payable; synonyms (adj) due, owing, collectable, outstanding, collectible, owed, unpaid. ödenecek payable; synonyms (adj) due, owing, collectable, outstanding, collectible, owed, unpaid. ödenek 1. allowance; synonyms (n) allotment, admission, discount, quota, tolerance, maintenance, abatement, acknowledgment, adjustment, allocation, compensation, concession, deduction, fee, grant, 2. allocation (tahsis etme); synonyms (n) portion, allowance, share, apportioning, apportionment, appropriation, assignment, distribution, measure, part, proportion, ration. ödenmemiş outstanding; synonyms (adj) eminent, due, conspicuous, great, owing, famous, distinguished, excellent, exceptional, notable, noteworthy, prominent, unpaid, major, brilliant; antonyms (adj) ordinary, paid, inferior. ödenmiş 1. paid; synonyms (v) compensated, (adj) gainful, paying, salaried, nonrecreational, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, apaid, compensable, hired, hireling, lucrative, rewarding; antonyms (adj) unpaid, due, owing, 2. settled; synonyms (adj) definite, fixed, set, firm, permanent, calm, certain, decided, established, defined, formed, confirmed, finished, sedate, standing; antonym (adj) uninhabited. ödev 1. obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond, commitment, duty, liability, charge, burden, necessity, need, onus, requirement, responsibility, covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option, 2. homework; synonyms (n) preparation, assignment, assignments, coursework, drill, formulation, grooming, grounding, practice, prep, revision, training, planning, provision, readying, 3. duty; synonyms (n) business, function, chore, obligation, dues, must, office, part, tax, work, post, custom, assessment, commission, deference, 4. task (görev); synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, project, stint, occupation, activity, mission, problem, affair, employment, lesson, undertaking, agendum, (v) exercise, exact.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English ödül 1. reward; synonyms (n) pay, return, guerdon, payment, wage, bribe, fee, premium, award, (v) recompense, compensation, meed, prize, repay, requite; antonym (v) punish, 2. award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade, decoration, medal, commendation, (v) accord, grant, bestow, confer, honor, present, assign, give, allow, allot, 3. premium (prim); synonyms (n) bonus, agio, bounty, extra, price, reward, agiotage, (adj) superior; antonym (adj) inferior, 4. prize; synonyms (n) plunder, treasure, booty, loot, trophy, honour, (v) appreciate, esteem, cherish, value, admire, pry, evaluate, appraise, (adj) choice, 5. purse; synonyms (n) pocket, bag, pouch, handbag, pocketbook, container, pod, (v) pucker, wrinkle, crease, contract. ödüllendirmek reward (ödül); synonyms (n) pay, return, guerdon, payment, wage, bribe, fee, premium, award, (v) recompense, compensation, meed, prize, repay, requite; antonym (v) punish. ödün concession (imtiyaz); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent. öfke 1. anger (hiddet, kızgınlık); synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please, placate, pacify, calm, 2. irritation; synonyms (n) aggravation, exasperation, anger, bother, excitation, excitement, temper, annoying, frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, vexation, botheration, stimulation, 3. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, chafe, foment, (adj) fever, passion, flush; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 4. steam (buğu, buhar); synonyms (n) mist, fog, haze, vapor, cloud, energy, (v) reek, evaporate, exhale, smoke, cook, pull, boil, heat, (adj) gas, 5. rage; synonyms (n) frenzy, craze, fad, fashion, madness, mania, delirium, furor, vogue, (v) bluster, storm, (adj) flame, ire, ferocity, foam.

öfkelendirmek anger (hiddet, kızgınlık, öfke); synonyms (n) displeasure, fury, rage, indignation, resentment, annoyance, (v) enrage, incense, aggravate, displease, exasperate, irritate, offend, wrath, fume; antonyms (n) pleasure, composure, (v) please, placate, pacify, calm. öfkeli 1. angry (kızgın); synonyms (adj) furious, incensed, provoked, fierce, irate, raging, vehement, maddened, fuming, outraged, piqued, splenetic, angered, annoyed, boiling; antonyms (adj) calm, pleased, gentle, 2. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, bilk, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry,

349

cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) good-tempered. öğe 1. element; synonyms (n) component, constituent, ingredient, factor, substance, fundamental, feature, matter, origin, part, unit, cause, module, point, article, 2. item (kalem, madde, parça); synonyms (n) piece, detail, entry, object, subject, thing, affair, event, clause, entity, fact, particular, regard, element, (adv) also, 3. constituent; synonyms (adj) integral, (n) division, elector, item, member, agent; antonyms (n) aggregate, composite, whole, 4. component (bileşen, parça); synonyms (n) accessory, portion, section. öğle noon (öğle vakti); synonyms (n) midday, noonday, noontide, crest, lunchtime, (adj) meridian, culmination, meridional. öğrenci 1. student; synonyms (n) scholar, learner, disciple, pupil, apprentice, novice, savant, trainee, beginner, educatee; antonym (n) teacher, 2. pupil; synonyms (n) follower, student, schoolchild, adherent, tyro, ward. öğrenim education (eğitim); synonyms (n) training, discipline, instruction, teaching, breeding, background, culture, enlightenment, knowledge, learning, nurture, pedagogy, schooling, literacy, tuition. öğrenme learning; synonyms (n) erudition, acquisition, education, enlightenment, culture, scholarship, wisdom, acquirement, edification, letter, literature, lore, reading, (v) knowledge, instruction. öğrenmek 1. learn; synonyms (v) discover, get, know, find, ascertain, have, hear, determine, acquire, con, perceive, study, tell, understand, gather, 2. hear (duymak); synonyms (v) attend, apprehend, catch, examine, learn, listen, overhear, see, try, comprehend, hearken, heed, judge, receive, attempt, 3. understand (anlamak); synonyms (v) interpret, recognize, realize, appreciate, assume, believe, construe, deduce, grasp, read, translate, discern, suppose, consider, (adj) take; antonyms (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand. öğreti doctrine; synonyms (n) creed, belief, credo, dogma, philosophy, conviction, lesson, canon, faith, gospel, ism, principle, school, tenet. öğretim 1. teaching; synonyms (n) education, instruction, indoctrination, doctrine, pedagogy, precept, training, advice, edification, breeding, enlightenment, principle, 2. instruction (talimat, yönerge); synonyms (n) charge, command, counsel, direction, guidance, guideline, information, injunction, prescription, teaching, bidding, commission, decree, drill, lecture, 3. education (eğitim); synonyms (n) discipline, background, culture, knowledge, learning, nurture, schooling, literacy, tuition, experience, preparation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

350

Turkish - English

öğretme teaching; synonyms (n) education, instruction, indoctrination, doctrine, pedagogy, precept, training, advice, edification, breeding, enlightenment, principle. öğretmek 1. teach; synonyms (v) inform, enlighten, coach, educate, instruct, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school, direct, discipline, form, (adj) guide, show, 2. school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, class, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, denomination, institution, (v) train, cultivate, edify, teach, civilise, (adj) educational, 3. introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject, acquaint, advance, enter, exhibit, implant, inaugurate, infuse, initiate, precede, present, instill, interpose; antonym (v) end, 4. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) broadcast, expose, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n) display, appearance, produce, ostentation, presentation, pageant; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. öğretmen 1. teacher; synonyms (n) instructor, master, coach, preceptor, educator, mentor, tutor, guide, missionary, trainer, adviser, counselor, guru; antonym (n) student, 2. instructor; synonyms (n) teacher, lecturer, institutor. öğün meal (yemek); synonyms (n) food, feed, flour, repast, banquet, spread, bite. öğüt 1. advice; synonyms (n) admonition, caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction, intelligence, monition, notice, report, tidings, advisement, announcement, communication, direction, 2. counsel (avukat, öğüt vermek); synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, consultation, counselor, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn, direct, 3. recommendation; synonyms (n) praise, commendation, suggestion, advocacy, reference, approval, proposal, endorsement, testimonial. öğütlemek advise (tavsiye etmek); synonyms (v) admonish, acquaint, inform, propose, recommend, suggest, warn, apprise, caution, exhort, forewarn, instruct, notify, offer, tell; antonym (v) oppose. ökçe heel (topuk); synonyms (n) blackguard, counter, dog, cad, scoundrel, shoe, sole, villain, bounder, (v) list, lean. ölçek 1. scale; synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess. ölçeklemek scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip,

(v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. ölçme 1. measuring; synonyms (n) measure, measurement, mensuration, amount, bar, beat, bill, cadence, comparison, criterion, meter, quantity, quantum, step, 2. measurement (ölçüm); synonyms (n) dimension, gauge, magnitude, proportion, observation, extent, size, valuation, estimation, breadth, measuring, weight, appraisal, evaluation. ölçmek 1. measure (ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, 2. gauge (ölçü); synonyms (n) caliber, gage, calibre, (v) measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, evaluate, figure, guess. ölçü 1. gauge; synonyms (n) criterion, caliber, gage, calibre, (v) estimate, measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, appraise, 2. measure (ölçmek, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, extent, beat, benchmark, degree, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, bill, dose, (v) grade, evaluate, 3. measurement (ölçüm); synonyms (n) dimension, gauge, magnitude, proportion, observation, mensuration, size, valuation, estimation, breadth, measuring, weight, appraisal, evaluation, 4. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) bulk, capacity, dimensions, largeness, glue, mass, sizing, content, bigness, compass, enormity, fatness, format, greatness, (adj) gum; antonyms (n) length, slenderness, 5. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, graduation, yardstick, rate, chip, fur, gradation, (v) ascend, climb, mount, weigh, rise, peel, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 6. extent; synonyms (n) extension, amplitude, expanse, distance, boundary, purview, reach, scope, space, spread, depth, latitude, limit, range, (v) area, 7. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, examination, (v) assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze, attempt, (adj) experimental. ölçülü 1. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2. continent (kıta); synonyms (n) land, delta, peninsula, area, boundary, capacity, circle, circuit, circumference, (adj) chaste, celibate, pure, abstinent, sober, austere; antonym (adj) incontinent, 3. careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate, attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware, cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 4. sober;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English synonyms (adj) serious, grave, sedate, sane, earnest, moderate, quiet, solemn, modest, demure, dull, serene, somber, staid, severe; antonym (adj) intoxicated. ölçüm 1. measurement; synonyms (n) dimension, gauge, magnitude, measure, proportion, observation, extent, mensuration, size, valuation, estimation, breadth, measuring, weight, appraisal, 2. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess. ölçün standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special. ölçüsüzlük excess; synonyms (adj) extra, additional, (n) surplus, dissipation, extravagance, plethora, abundance, exaggeration, glut, overabundance, overindulgence, overplus, remainder, rest, superfluity; antonyms (n) lack, shortage, restraint, moderation, dearth, shortfall. ölçüt 1. criterion (kriter); synonyms (n) benchmark, measure, norm, test, canon, mark, criterium, gauge, pattern, principle, proof, rule, touchstone, 2. canon; synonyms (n) doctrine, law, regulation, code, criterion, formula, statute, creed, prebendary. öldürme killing; synonyms (v) captivating, fascinating, (n) homicide, carnage, manslaughter, assassination, bloodshed, cleanup, kill, massacre, murder, (adj) fatal, draining, deadly, pernicious. öldürmek 1. kill; synonyms (v) assassinate, destroy, erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast, butcher, decimate, dispatch, eradicate, execute, (n) murder, game, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 3. waste; synonyms (n) desert, refuse, damage, trash, (adj) spoil, desolate, barren, (v) consume, exhaust, ruin, squander, ravage, destruction, devastate, dissipate; antonyms (v) conserve, save. öldürmemek spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. öldürücü 1. fatal; synonyms (adj) calamitous, deadly, destructive, disastrous, lethal, pestilent, dangerous, deathly, fateful, mortal, grave, killing, malignant, noxious, pernicious; antonym (adj) nonfatal, 2. deadly; synonyms (adj) baneful, fatal, toxic, virulent, poisonous, baleful, boring, deleterious, pestilential, deathlike, dreary, dull, monotonous, (adv) madly, (v) dead; antonym (adj) harmless, 3. lethal; synonyms (adj) murderous, venomous. ölme death (ölüm); synonyms (n) demise, end, expiration, close, exit, cessation, decease, departure, dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss,

351

mortality, passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence, delivery. ölmek die; synonyms (v) decease, dead, death, depart, expire, fall, go, pass, conk, croak, break, cease, fail, (n) dice, matrix. ölmüş dead (ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living. ölü 1. dead (ölmüş); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, (adv) right, absolutely; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 2. corpse; synonyms (n) cadaver, carcass, body, corse, remains, stiff, clay. ölüm 1. death; synonyms (n) demise, end, expiration, close, exit, cessation, decease, departure, dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss, mortality, passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence, delivery, 2. demise; synonyms (n) death, collapse, release, fall, (v) perish, die, lease, let; antonym (n) beginning, 3. dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis, dismissal, annulment, dissipation, adjournment, disintegration, licentiousness, resolution, catalysis, closure. ölümcül fatal; synonyms (adj) calamitous, deadly, destructive, disastrous, lethal, pestilent, dangerous, deathly, fateful, mortal, grave, killing, malignant, noxious, pernicious; antonym (adj) nonfatal. ölümlülük mortality; synonyms (n) fatality, death, flesh, humanity, mankind, deathrate, morbidity, (adj) caducity, fugacity, impermanence; antonym (n) immortality. ömür 1. lifetime; synonyms (n) age, life, lifespan, day, decade, hour, time, animation, being, abode, aliveness, biography, century, cottage, (adj) lifelong, 2. life (hayat); synonyms (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance, lifetime, liveliness, living; antonym (n) lethargy. ön 1. front; synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior, preceding, (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, disguise, facade, frontage, brow, audacity, (v) face, confront, look; antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back, 2. preliminary (ilk); synonyms (adj) introductory, prefatory, early, inaugural, elementary, first, preparatory, proemial, (n) prelude, preface, prelim, introduction, overture; antonym (n) final. önad adjective; synonyms (adj) adjectival, procedural. önce 1. before (önünde); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind, after, afterward, 2. ago; synonyms (adv) formerly, erst, since, back, over, backwards,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

352

Turkish - English

afterwards, erewhile, syne, whilom, contrarily, reflexively, (adj) past, agone, 3. firstly; synonyms (adv) first, foremost, initially, originally, basically; antonym (adv) lastly, 4. back (arka, geri, sırt); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance. önceden 1. beforehand; synonyms (adv) before, ahead, early, previously, aforehand, first, formerly, forward, (adj) advance, already, afore, 2. previously; synonyms (adv) beforehand, antecedently, earlier, once, fore, 3. formerly; synonyms (adv) aforetime, erst, erstwhile, originally, sometime, sometimes. önceki 1. former (eski); synonyms (adv) before, (adj) antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, foregoing, previous, prior, original, deceased, past, preceding, foremost, primary, (n) predecessor; antonym (adj) future, 2. old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly, experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit, hoary, mature, stale; antonyms (adj) new, young, modern, fresh, latest, novel, youthful, 3. prior; synonyms (adj) preliminary, advance, introductory, (n) abbot, cenobite, conventual; antonym (adj) subsequent. öncel predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor, forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father, elder, precedent; antonyms (n) successor, descendant. öncelik priority; synonyms (n) precedence, antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedency, preference, rank, superiority, supremacy. öncelikle first (birinci, ilk); synonyms (adv) foremost, before, rather, early, (adj) best, beginning, chief, primitive, former, forward, head, initial, leading, maiden, (n) commencement; antonyms (adj) last, final, (n) end. öncü leader (lider); synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss, captain, director, head, chieftain, commander, conductor, administrator, lead, principal, hero, executive, superior; antonyms (n) follower, straggler. öncülük lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage; antonym (v) follow. önde 1. ahead; synonyms (adv) before, beforehand, formerly, forward, onward, previously, beyond, fore, forth, forwards, on, onwards, winning, (adj) front, (n) lead; antonyms (adv) behind, late, 2. before (önce, önünde); synonyms (prep) facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, ere,

heretofore, once, (adj) preceding, prior, rather; antonyms (prep) later, after, afterward. öndeki 1. forward (göndermek, ileri); synonyms (adv) onward, fore, ahead, along, (adj) bold, audacious, advanced, early, brazen, (n) further, (v) advance, expedite, promote, cultivate, (phr) dispatch; antonyms (adv) backward, (adj) shy, posterior, 2. front (ön); synonyms (adj) head, anterior, preceding, (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, disguise, facade, frontage, brow, audacity, battlefront, (v) face, confront, look; antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back. önden before (önce, önünde); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind, after, afterward. önder leader (lider); synonyms (n) chief, guide, boss, captain, director, head, chieftain, commander, conductor, administrator, lead, principal, hero, executive, superior; antonyms (n) follower, straggler. önderlik leadership; synonyms (n) guidance, command, lead, control, direction, authority, generalship, administration, influence, conduct, government, leading, management, supervision, supremacy. önem 1. magnitude (büyüklük); synonyms (n) extent, bulk, consequence, amount, dimension, mass, proportion, size, weight, amplitude, greatness, degree, largeness, moment, intensity; antonym (n) triviality, 2. importance; synonyms (n) account, gravity, dignity, import, concern, emphasis, prominence, stress, value, influence, magnitude, matter, prestige, seriousness, significance; antonyms (n) insignificance, unimportance, 3. account (hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale, description, explanation, history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v) report, 4. moment (an); synonyms (n) importance, flash, instant, jiffy, minute, bit, second, time, hour, juncture, occasion, point, trice, twinkling, wink, 5. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence, hump, protuberance, height, bulge, distinction, projection, celebrity, fame, bump, extrusion, gibbosity, jut, reputation, (adj) renown; antonym (n) obscurity, 6. severity; synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity, harshness, rigor, asperity, inclemency, roughness, difficulty, grimness, hardness, hardship, inflexibility, rigorousness, rigour, (adj) simplicity; antonyms (n) gentleness, leniency, clemency, flexibility, pleasantness, 7. significance (anlam); synonyms (n) sense, connotation, meaning, purport, effect, intent, implication, gist, interest, content, signification, substance, worth, moral, idea, 8. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) accent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English pressure, tension, force, pinch, effort, accentuation, anxiety, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble, 9. emphasis (vurgu); synonym (n) vehemence, 10. import (ithal etmek); synonyms (n) betoken, core, drift, express, denotation, export, (v) denote, imply, introduce, mean, spell, carry, bring, indicate, intend, 11. consideration; synonyms (n) respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact, thoughtfulness, advisement, caution, compassion, (v) condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 12. consequence; synonyms (n) outcome, product, result, aftermath, conclusion, corollary, event, backwash, end, impact, inference, issue, repercussion, sequel, upshot; antonyms (n) cause, inconsequence, 13. gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness, solemnity, graveness, gravitation, sedateness, staidness, gloominess, sobriety, somberness, (v) poise; antonyms (n) flippancy, lightheartedness, 14. matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) affair, business, material, incident, article, body, item, subject, topic, instance, fact, occurrence, (v) case, count, weigh, 15. meaning (anlam); synonyms (n) design, essence, aim, intention, interpretation, overtone, plan, purpose, spirit, tenor, understanding, construction, bearing, goal, message, 16. value; synonyms (n) merit, cost, appraise, rate, (v) price, appreciate, assess, esteem, evaluate, cherish, estimate, measure, prize, rank, revere; antonyms (n) disadvantage, futility, uselessness, 17. weight (ağırlık); synonyms (n) load, burden, charge, heaviness, ballast, bias, avoirdupois, validity, authority, freight, weightiness, weighting, power, (v) counterweight, tax. önemli 1. important; synonyms (adj) essential, grave, fundamental, significant, chief, crucial, key, remarkable, serious, earnest, authoritative, big, central, consequential, considerable; antonyms (adj) unimportant, insignificant, trivial, minor, irrelevant, low, worthless, 2. significant; synonyms (adj) important, material, momentous, meaningful, critical, emphatic, expressive, indicative, major, pregnant, relevant, substantial, meaning, solemn, (v) influential; antonym (adj) small, 3. substantial; synonyms (adj) actual, solid, firm, real, strong, palpable, sturdy, sound, concrete, ample, corporeal, durable, hearty, heavy, hefty; antonyms (adj) insubstantial, ethereal, fine, 4. great (büyük); synonyms (adj) eminent, famous, gigantic, distinguished, extensive, extreme, grand, large, capital, celebrated, dignified, fantastic, glorious, good, massive; antonyms (adj) awful, tiny, mild, 5. big (büyük); synonyms (adj) thick, generous, adult, bad, burly, great, high, liberal,

353

magnanimous, noble, spacious, stout, vast, loud, boastful; antonyms (adj) little, puny, 6. serious (ağır, ciddi); synonyms (adj) sedate, austere, hard, dangerous, grievous, sad, sober, deep, severe, weighty, devout, acute, dull, grim, (v) demure; antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, playful, slight, 7. historic; synonyms (adj) historical, monumental, past, traditional, aged, ancient, auspicious, breakthrough, diachronic, eventful, innovative, innovatory, memorable, milestone, pioneering, 8. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dark, dense, fat, full, gross, arduous, bulky, burdensome, oppressive, compact, awkward, cumbersome, grueling, overweight, ponderous; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, gentle, skinny, 9. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, elevated, exalted, majestic, superb, beautiful, brilliant, heroic, huge, immense, impressive, lordly, magnificent, proud; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 10. considerable; synonyms (adj) sizable, pretty, fair, goodly, handsome, marked, much, respectable, sizeable; antonym (adj) faint. önemsememek slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide. önemsemeyen unaware; synonyms (adj) ignorant, incognizant, unwitting, unconscious, unknowing, blind, oblivious; antonyms (adj) aware, cognizant. önemsiz 1. minor (küçük); synonyms (adj) little, inferior, insignificant, junior, lesser, lower, small, inconsequential, less, marginal, negligible, petty, secondary, (n) child, juvenile; antonyms (adj) major, important, significant, basic, chief, fundamental, leading, main, overriding, superseding, serious, considerable, extensive, greater, senior, 2. trivial; synonyms (adj) frivolous, trifling, commonplace, inconsiderable, paltry, piddling, slight, superficial, trite, hackneyed, banal, immaterial, minor, light, idle; antonyms (adj) vital, profound, urgent, 3. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide, 4. petty; synonyms (adj) trivial, mean, puny, minute, exiguous, measly, fiddling, fine, footling, niggling, tiny, unimportant, insular, diminutive, picayune, 5. indifferent (ilgisiz, kayıtsız); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, average, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised, 6. small (küçük); synonyms (adj) narrow, inadequate, low, remote, cramped, young,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

354

Turkish - English

limited, humble, miniature, minuscule, modest, short, scanty, ungenerous, outside; antonyms (adj) bulky, colossal, enormous, extra-large, great, huge, sizeable, giant, (syn) big, large. Öner suggest (önermek); synonyms (v) allude, imply, indicate, offer, advise, hint, intimate, propose, submit, counsel, proffer, point, connote, insinuate, mean; antonym (v) withdraw. önerge 1. motion (devinim, hareket); synonyms (n) gesture, action, movement, wave, exercise, gesticulation, play, passage, application, move, question, (v) sign, beckon, gesticulate, signal, 2. resolution; synonyms (n) decision, determination, answer, conclusion, firmness, purpose, resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy, dissolution, fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness; antonym (n) indecisiveness, 3. proposal; synonyms (n) motion, advice, proposition, suggestion, offer, overture, plan, proffer, hypothesis, presentation, bid, design, idea, view, advocacy. öneri 1. suggestion; synonyms (n) hint, advice, intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, dash, proposition, recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue, implication, indication, 2. proposal; synonyms (n) motion, suggestion, offer, overture, plan, proffer, hypothesis, presentation, bid, design, idea, view, question, advocacy, contemplation, 3. proposition (önerme); synonyms (n) approach, assertion, premise, advance, position, principle, scheme, axiom, lemma, allegation, device, application, law, (v) suggest, propose. önerme 1. proposition; synonyms (n) offer, overture, bid, motion, proposal, approach, assertion, design, plan, suggestion, premise, advance, position, principle, (v) proffer, 2. thesis (sav); synonyms (n) dissertation, matter, argument, essay, theme, topic, hypothesis, proposition, contention, composition, paper, treatise, discourse, opinion, review, 3. suggestion (öneri); synonyms (n) hint, advice, intimation, allusion, counsel, dash, recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue, implication, indication, inkling, insinuation. önermek 1. suggest; synonyms (v) allude, imply, indicate, offer, advise, hint, intimate, propose, submit, counsel, proffer, point, connote, insinuate, mean; antonym (v) withdraw, 2. propose; synonyms (v) bid, design, nominate, plan, aim, intend, move, suggest, advocate, introduce, present, project, broach, contemplate, (n) advance, 3. vote (oy); synonyms (n) ballot, election, poll, suffrage, franchise, voting, choice, balloting, (v) voice, elect. öngörmek predict; synonyms (v) anticipate, augur, forecast, foresee, foretell, portend, bode, divine, forebode, foreshadow, foreshow, presage, expect, herald, betoken.

önlem 1. measure (ölçmek, ölçü); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, 2. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, footprint, footstep, move, stride, advance, (v) pace, proceeding, tread. önleme prevention; synonyms (n) avoidance, bar, exclusion, interference, prohibition, restraint, prenotion; antonym (n) success. önlemek 1. prevent; synonyms (v) obstruct, anticipate, block, forbid, arrest, avert, avoid, bar, debar, exclude, forestall, hamper, impede, obviate, (n) hinder; antonym (v) encourage, 2. stay (kalma, kalmak); synonyms (v) remain, reside, rest, prop, stop, abide, continue, endure, pause, bide, dwell, support, (n) delay, halt, (adj) cease; antonyms (v) leave, change, abscond, depart. önsöz introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript. önümüzdeki forthcoming; synonyms (adj) future, coming, approaching, imminent, outgoing, upcoming, oncoming, pending, extroverted, gracious, (v) batching, brewing; antonym (adj) reserved. önünde before (önce); synonyms (prep) fore, beyond, facing, (adv) above, ahead, afore, ago, earlier, already, forward, previously, beforehand, ere, (adj) preceding, prior; antonyms (prep) later, behind, after, afterward. önyargı 1. bias; synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness, 2. prejudice; synonyms (n) bias, disadvantage, discrimination, hurt, preconception, detriment, inclination, racism, injustice, loss, (v) harm, damage, predispose, injure, incline; antonym (n) tolerance. önyüklemek boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. öpmek kiss (öpücük); synonyms (n) buss, brush, osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace, osculate, love. öpücük kiss (öpmek); synonyms (n) buss, brush, osculation, salute, touch, (v) caress, embrace, osculate, love. ördek duck; synonyms (n) darling, canvas, (v) dip, douse, plunge, dodge, circumvent, dive, evade, souse, bob, avoid, crouch, dunk, elude.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English örge motif; synonyms (n) design, idea, motive, pattern, subject, theme, figure, text, matter, tune, badge, base, chorus, composition, crest. örgensel organic (organik); synonyms (adj) constitutional, natural, constitutive, fundamental, constituent, inherent, structural, whole, raw; antonym (adj) refined. örgü knitting; synonyms (n) knit, knitwork, plain. örgüt 1. organization; synonyms (n) order, establishment, administration, arrangement, formation, association, constitution, institution, structure, system, form, business, company, concern, enterprise, 2. organism (organizma); synonyms (n) being, organization, animal, life, beast. örgütlemek organize (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) establish, coordinate, constitute, devise, direct, fix, form, institute, regulate, compose, conduct, engineer, found, make, (n) arrange; antonym (v) disorganize. örgütlenme organization (örgüt); synonyms (n) order, establishment, administration, arrangement, formation, association, constitution, institution, structure, system, form, business, company, concern, enterprise. örme knitting; synonyms (n) knit, knitwork, plain. örmek spin (döndürmek); synonyms (n) turn, twirl, whirl, revolution, roll, ride, eddy, (v) revolve, twist, run, drive, reel, fabricate, gyrate, invent. örnek 1. sample; synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test, 2. example; synonyms (n) lead, sample, guide, paradigm, precedent, prototype, archetype, piece, quotation, exemplification, exercise, ideal, lesson, representative, warning, 3. model (manken, model); synonyms (n) form, fashion, image, dummy, figure, frame, epitome, manikin, mannequin, original, template, (v) copy, imitate, shape, carve; antonym (adj) atypical, 4. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) mold, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, formula, make, custom, device, kind, method, plan, (v) mould, 5. instance; synonyms (n) time, affair, chance, cause, event, occasion, occurrence, casing, (v) exemplify, illustrate, cite, entreaty, invitation, solicitation, supplication, 6. specimen; synonyms (n) person, type, 7. illustration; synonyms (n) chart, depiction, description, demonstration, drawing, explanation, picture, sketch, diagram, exposition, likeness, portrayal, representation, comparison, table, 8. norm; synonyms (n) average, mean, measure, mode, criterion, median, gauge, par, principle, rule, 9. piece (parça); synonyms (n) cut, division, fragment, part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk, coin, constituent, 10. type (tip, tür, yazmak);

355

synonyms (n) character, nature, sort, breed, category, stamp, brand, emblem, font, manner, print, style, mark, class, genus. örneklemek sample (örnek); synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test. örnekseme analogy (benzerlik); synonyms (n) semblance, agreement, correspondence, parity, resemblance, similarity, affinity, comparison, likeness, parallel; antonym (n) dissimilarity. örtmek 1. cover; synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 2. cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, capital, base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, coif, (v) beat, limit, surpass, better, complete, 3. cloak; synonyms (n) veil, cape, masquerade, pall, curtain, guise, (v) wrap, dissemble, hide, disguise, drape, envelop, mantle, shroud, obscure; antonym (v) disclose. örtü 1. mask (maske, maskelemek); synonyms (n) cover, conceal, veil, camouflage, screen, blind, guise, curtain, pretense, blanket, (v) cloak, disguise, hide, dissemble, masquerade; antonym (v) disclose, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, top, bury, wrap, comprise, bind, (n) binding, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield, spread, coating, canopy; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 3. blanket (battaniye); synonyms (n) bedding, sheet, counterpane, coverlet, mantle, quilt, shroud, (adj) sweeping, overall, comprehensive, global, generic, wholesale, broad, general, 4. covering; synonyms (n) clothing, casing, apparel, case, concealment, wrapper, awning, crust, envelope, film, layer, shell, clothes, (adj) over, protective, 5. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated, 6. canopy; synonyms (n) shade, ceiling, pavilion, bubble, visor, 7. cloth (kumaş); synonyms (n) fabric, material, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 8. coat (palto); synonyms (n) fur, jacket, bark, peel, pelt, tunic, (v) sheath, plaster, glaze, finish, paint, plate, varnish, laminate, clothe. örtük 1. implied; synonyms (adj) implicit, understood, tacit, indirect, oblique, silent; antonyms (adj) direct, explicit, 2. implicit; synonyms (adj) undeclared, unsaid, implied, inherent, unquestioning, virtual, practical. örtülü covered; synonyms (adj) hidden, veiled, concealed, covert, coated, masked, obscured, secret, shrouded, thick, wrapped, (prep) cloaked; antonyms (adj) bare, naked.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

356

Turkish - English

örtüşmek overlap; synonyms (n) lap, intersection, overlay, convergence, (v) fold, cross, concur, match, overreach, override, overgo, overjump. örümcek spider; synonyms (n) lota, mussuk, schooner, spinner, adapter, terrine, toby, urceus, araneidan, cob, attercop, cobnut, fish, goatsucker, pundit. örüntü pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, (v) mould. ötede beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further, without, besides, away, by, farther, more, over, abroad, before, past, yonder, (adj) across; antonym (prep) within. öteki other (başka, diğer); synonyms (adj) additional, another, different, extra, further, more, new, second, distinct, dissimilar, fresh, else, opposite, added; antonym (adj) same. ötesinde beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further, without, besides, away, by, farther, more, over, abroad, before, past, yonder, (adj) across; antonym (prep) within. ötesine beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further, without, besides, away, by, farther, more, over, abroad, before, past, yonder, (adj) across; antonym (prep) within. öteye beyond; synonyms (prep) above, (adv) further, without, besides, away, by, farther, more, over, abroad, before, past, yonder, (adj) across; antonym (prep) within. ötme singing; synonyms (n) chant, apprisal, betrayal, cantation, lyrics, notification, recounting, relation, (adj) cantabile, vocal, cantatory, hymning, speaking, (adv) live, playing. ötmek 1. sing; synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak, 2. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. öttürmek sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. övgü 1. praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos, admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol, honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n) criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle, disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold, chastise, denigrate, sully, 2. tribute; synonyms (n) praise, tax, contribution, testimonial, duty, homage, eulogy, respect, appreciation, approval,

commemoration, credit, payment, (v) subsidy, allowance. övme praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos, admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol, honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n) criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle, disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold, chastise, denigrate, sully. övmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos, admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol, honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n) criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle, disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold, chastise, denigrate, sully. övünme blow (üflemek); synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save. öykü 1. story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel; antonym (n) truth, 2. narrative; synonyms (adj) descriptive, graphic, (n) anecdote, chronicle, relation, story, yarn, description, explanation, statement, fiction, saga, enumeration, memoir, 3. tale; synonyms (n) lie, gossip, romance, fabrication, myth, invention, rumor, untruth, allegory, tell. öyle 1. so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise, 2. such (böyle); synonyms (adv) what, (adj) like, sic, sich, slik, swich, resembling. öylesine so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise. öyleyse then; synonyms (adv) so, accordingly, afterward, again, consequently, later, (conj) therefore. öz 1. self (kendi); synonyms (n) ego, person, being, individual, someone, character, essence, individuality, personality, selfness, soul, spirit, (adj) same, 2. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw, abstract, derive, educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort, cull, 3. core (çekirdek, göbek); synonyms (n) bosom, center, gist, heart, kernel, marrow, quintessence, stone, mind, base, burden, centre, crux, focus, hub; antonym (adj) minor, 4. essence; synonyms (n) core, entity, aroma, perfume, hypostasis, body, extract, fragrance, nub, odor, root, scent, substance, effect, (v) stuff, 5. nucleus (çekirdek); synonyms (n) basis, embryo, germ, bud, meat, pivot, cream, egg, 6. substance; synonyms (n) import, material, matter, meaning, significance, subject, amount,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English means, implication, content, element, strength, importance, signification, mass; antonym (n) triviality, 7. own; synonyms (v) acknowledge, admit, have, concede, allow, grant, hold, possess, confess, accept, avow, enjoy, occupy, (adj) proper, private, 8. cream (kaymak, krema); synonyms (n) pick, ointment, prime, balm, top, liniment, elite, fat, salve, unguent, (adj) flower, milk, (v) best, skim, ream, 9. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, lift, purloin, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj) concrete, 10. soul (ruh); synonyms (n) man, creature, ghost, human, personification, life, mortal, psyche, self, breast, embodiment, homo, (adj) incarnation, backbone, genius, 11. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, count, measure, join, quantum, (v) aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute, summarize, (adj) all, 12. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, mood, bravery, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, phantom, fortitude, dash, esprit, feeling, liveliness, mettle, (adj) animation; antonym (n) lethargy. özdek matter (konu, madde, mesele); synonyms (n) event, affair, business, concern, issue, material, substance, incident, article, body, import, interest, item, (v) case, count. özdeş identical; synonyms (adj) equal, corresponding, uniform, consistent, alike, equivalent, selfsame, similar, very, synonymous, congruent, duplicate, even, exact, (v) same; antonyms (adj) different, incompatible, inconsistent. özdeşlik identity (kimlik); synonyms (n) identicalness, unity, individuality, personality, sameness, character, equality, person, similarity, equivalence. özdevimli 1. automatically; synonyms (adv) mechanically, essentially, impulsively, inevitably, instinctively, necessarily, obediently, unavoidably, unthinkingly, certainly, insentience, intuitively, involuntarily, perfunctorily, reflexively; antonyms (adv) deliberately, consciously, physically, 2. automatic (otomatik); synonyms (adj) instinctive, involuntary, automated, mechanical, reflex, spontaneous, unconscious; antonyms (adj) manual, deliberate, voluntary. özdeyiş maxim; synonyms (n) axiom, aphorism, adage, apothegm, byword, rule, motto, principle, proverb, saw, saying, canon, law, moral, dictum. özel 1. special; synonyms (adj) particular, especial, individual, limited, rare, different, distinguished, distinct, express, certain, distinctive, exceptional, extra, extraordinary, (adv) apart; antonym (adj) ordinary, 2. private; synonyms (adj) clandestine, confidential, personal, covert, hidden, secret, inner, esoteric, exclusive, intimate, domestic, interior,

357

lonely, own, (v) close; antonyms (adj) public, communal, community, nationalized, official, stateowned, civic, shared, state, 3. particular; synonyms (adj) special, fastidious, careful, definite, delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, detailed, choosy, circumstantial, critical, finical, (n) detail, item; antonyms (adj) careless, easy, vague, (n) general, 4. custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke, 5. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj) odd, anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric, abnormal, bizarre, fantastic, irregular, proper, singular, strange, appropriate, funny, idiosyncratic; antonyms (adj) normal, typical, 6. personal (kişisel); synonyms (adj) human, peculiar, private, direct, subjective, physical, original, privy, several, single, specific, mortal, 7. distinctive; synonyms (adj) distinguishing, excellent, discriminating, separate, unusual, unique, classifiable, (v) discriminative, dioristic; antonym (adj) common, 8. intimate; synonyms (adj) informal, internal, bosom, friendly, near, (v) allude, hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (n) familiar, confidante, crony, (adv) dear; antonym (adj) distant, 9. individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) alone, sole, solitary, independent, one, only, (n) creature, fellow, man, person, homo, being, body, personage, self; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, (n) collective, 10. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, say, tell, breathe, (adj) explicit, clear, speedy, categorical, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) slow, 11. exclusive; synonyms (adj) choice, select, undivided, chic, elite, classy, expensive, restricted, snobbish, superior, posh, smart, whole, (n) scoop; antonym (adj) inclusive, 12. very (çok, pek, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much, identical, considerably; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 13. specific (belirli, özgül); synonyms (adj) concrete, precise, positive, accurate, fixed, set, unambiguous, noteworthy, respective, (n) fact; antonym (adj) universal. özellik 1. feature; synonyms (n) article, aspect, character, characteristic, detail, lineament, peculiarity, facet, appearance, attribute, fact, mark, particular, quality, (v) display, 2. characteristic (karakteristik); synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual, typical, original, natural, representative, special, specific, symbolic, (n) badge, sign, feature, peculiar, point, (v) emblematic; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic, common, 3. property; synonyms (n) capital, belongings, asset, estate, goods, nature, place, wealth, substance, faculty, thing, assets, fortune, holding, (v) possession, 4. character

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

358

Turkish - English

(karakter); synonyms (n) kind, note, part, role, type, brand, constitution, description, disposition, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, 5. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, end, height, (v) head, direct, level, 6. quality (kalite, nitelik); synonyms (n) class, condition, distinction, caliber, worth, value, goodness, excellence, ability, calibre, endowment, merit, property, qualification, rank; antonym (adj) shoddy. özellikle 1. especially; synonyms (adv) specially, chiefly, exceedingly, particularly, principally, namely, exceptionally, expressly, extra, extraordinarily, peculiarly, primarily, remarkably, specifically, very; antonym (adv) slightly, 2. particularly; synonyms (adv) especially, only, curiously, markedly, notably, singly, individually, definitely, distinctly, extremely, unusually, carefully, superlatively, 3. expressly; synonyms (adv) explicitly, purposely, precisely. özen care; synonyms (n) attention, bother, caution, concern, aid, apprehension, custody, keep, maintenance, worry, attendance, affection, (v) anxiety, charge, administer; antonyms (n) carelessness, recklessness, rashness, thoughtlessness, (v) neglect, disregard. özendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer, abet, advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster, further, promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise, animate; antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten, prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop. özenli careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) accurate, attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware, cagey, cautious, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful. özerk autonomous; synonyms (adj) independent, sovereign, autonomic, free, separate; antonym (adj) dependent. özerklik autonomy (otonomi); synonyms (n) independence, freedom, autocracy, liberty, sovereignty; antonym (n) dependence. özet 1. summary; synonyms (n) abstract, compendium, abridgment, epitome, outline, digest, report, synopsis, precis, (adj) brief, compendious, concise, succinct, curt, short, 2. abstract (soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, imaginary, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, purloin, remove, steal, take, abbreviate, (n) abridgement, summary, resume; antonym (adj) concrete, 3. outline; synonyms (n) sketch, design, edge, contour, figure, frame, (v) draft, line, form, describe, draw, border, chart, adumbrate, blueprint, 4. brief; synonyms (adj) little, transient, short-lived, abrupt, abbreviated, brusque, fleeting, laconic, condensed, ephemeral, momentary, (v) compact, notify, inform,

instruct; antonyms (adj) long, long-drawn-out, longwinded, permanent, lengthy, time-consuming, 5. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) derive, educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort, cull, distil, 6. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count, measure, join, kernel, quantum, (v) amount, aggregate, number, add, compute, (adj) all. özetleme compression (sıkıştırma); synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion. özetlemek 1. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj) concrete, 2. brief; synonyms (adj) concise, short, little, transient, short-lived, abrupt, abbreviated, brusque, compendious, curt, fleeting, laconic, (n) abstract, (v) compact, notify; antonyms (adj) long, long-drawn-out, long-winded, permanent, lengthy, time-consuming. özgü 1. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj) individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different, anomalous, characteristic, curious, eccentric, extraordinary, abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical, 2. specific (belirli, özgül); synonyms (adj) special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite, positive, accurate, clear, express, single, certain, distinct, explicit, fixed; antonyms (adj) universal, vague, (n) general. özgül specific (belirli); synonyms (adj) individual, special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite, especial, positive, accurate, clear, express, single, certain, (n) particular; antonyms (adj) universal, vague, (n) general. özgün 1. original (orijinal); synonyms (adj) first, authentic, native, new, primary, primitive, indigenous, aboriginal, creative, early, fresh, imaginative, inventive, (n) archetype, model; antonyms (adj) commonplace, banal, copied, corny, derivative, hackneyed, well-worn, conventional, resulting, unimaginative, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake, imitation, replica, 2. genuine; synonyms (adj) actual, sincere, true, unsophisticated, candid, faithful, artless, factual, hearty, real, unaffected, unfeigned, very, absolute, accurate; antonyms (adj) bogus, insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false, pretend, hypocritical.

özgür 1. free (açık, bedava, boş, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English cage, 2. independent (bağımsız); synonyms (adj) free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial, nonpartisan, sovereign, unallied, self-sufficient, detached, distinct, individual, (n) freelance, mugwump, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) dependent, simultaneous. özgürlük 1. freedom; synonyms (n) exemption, autonomy, deliverance, discharge, emancipation, immunity, release, escape, ease, liberty, relief, right, scope, (adj) franchise, frankness; antonyms (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, dependence, restraint, suppression, 2. liberty; synonyms (n) freedom, license, independence, leave, latitude, permission, privilege, familiarity, permit, generosity, impropriety, indecorum, irresponsibility, leisure, (adj) liberality. özlem hunger; synonyms (n) desire, thirst, appetite, craving, wish, itch, eagerness, famine, longing, starvation, (v) crave, want, ache, long, lust; antonym (n) moderation. özlemek miss (bayan); synonyms (v) lack, lose, fail, jump, omit, overlook, long, drop, escape, (n) maid, girl, want, fille, missy, (adj) fault; antonym (v) perceive. özlü 1. substantial (önemli); synonyms (adj) actual, solid, firm, real, strong, considerable, important, palpable, significant, essential, momentous, sturdy, sound, concrete, ample; antonyms (adj) insignificant, insubstantial, small, ethereal, fine, worthless, 2. compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense, compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse. özne subject (konu); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. öznel subjective; synonyms (adj) mental, biased, internal, objective, immanent, intellectual, prejudiced, psychological, rational; antonym (adj) impartial. özsu juice; synonyms (n) extract, water, blood, gravy, liquid, succus, fluid, liquor, fuel, gasoline, current, oil, (adj) humor, serum, lymph.

özür 1. excuse (affetmek, bağışlamak, bahane); synonyms (n) apology, alibi, evasion, palliate, pretext, color, (v) pardon, absolve, acquit, condone, exculpate, forgive, justify, apologise, apologize; antonym (v) punish, 2. apology; synonyms (n) excuse, plea, amends, defense, justification, regret, reason, explanation, vindication, acknowledgment, apologia, reparation, 3. plea; synonyms (n) answer, appeal, petition, claim, allegation, call, entreaty, prayer, argument, advocacy, demand, pretense, pretension, request, suit.

359

özürlü disabled; synonyms (adj) crippled, handicapped, helpless, incapacitated, invalid, game, mangled, mutilated, weakened, wrecked, unavailable, paralytic, broken, cripply, (adv) aground. özüt extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, essence, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw, abstract, derive, educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort.

P paha price (eder, fiyat); synonyms (n) cost, worth, charge, expense, figure, damage, fee, payment, toll, (v) appraise, estimate, amount, assess, (adj) merit, value. pahalı 1. dear (sevgili); synonyms (adj) beloved, close, costly, expensive, lovely, precious, near, adorable, affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n) darling, love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap, worthless, 2. costly; synonyms (adj) dear, valuable, extravagant, luxurious, pricey, rich, sumptuous, invaluable, plush, priceless, pricy, splendid, 3. expensive; synonyms (adj) lavish, overpriced, exclusive, fine, exorbitant; antonyms (adj) inexpensive, reasonable. pak clean (saf, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute. paket 1. package; synonyms (n) bundle, pack, packaging, packet, parcel, carton, container, collection, (v) box, wrap; antonym (v) unwrap, 2. parcel; synonyms (n) lot, bale, division, package, section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, group, share, (v) portion, distribute, apportion, divide, 3. packet; synonyms (n) wad, envelope, fortune, mailboat, 4. pack (paketlemek); synonyms (n) mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, backpack, gang, horde, (v) crowd, compress, heap, cram, fill, jam, load; antonym (v) unpack. paketlemek pack (paket); synonyms (n) bundle, mob, bevy, bunch, company, herd, batch, backpack, box, gang, (v) crowd, compress, heap, cram, fill; antonym (v) unpack. paketlenmiş packed; synonyms (adj) crowded, compact, full, filled, jammed, overcrowded, congested, dense, thick, brimming, close, cramped, teeming; antonyms (adj) empty, deserted. pakt pact; synonyms (n) accord, agreement, contract, bargain, bond, convention, deal, alliance, compact, covenant, treaty, understanding, engagement, arrangement, concord.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

360

Turkish - English

pala sword; synonyms (n) blade, rapier, brand, steel, glaive, knife, brond, firebrand, fox, intoxicate, make, mark, marque, morglay, point. palamar cable (kablo); synonyms (n) rope, line, cablegram, telegram, cord, guy, ribbon, twine, (v) wire, telegraph, report. palet track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path, line, racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint. palmiye palm; synonyms (n) decoration, medal, prize, thenar, victory, medallion, (v) hand, filch, bag, cabbage, crib, handle, nim, pilfer, rob. palto coat; synonyms (n) cover, coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) cloak, sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze. pamuk cotton; synonyms (n) thread, yarn, cord, fiber, string, affinity, bombace, packthread, rapport, strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle, fawn, (adj) exceptional. pamuklu cotton (pamuk); synonyms (n) thread, yarn, cord, fiber, string, affinity, bombace, packthread, rapport, strand, wire, (v) cater, coddle, fawn, (adj) exceptional. panayır fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted. panel panel (pano); synonyms (n) board, jury, defendant, committee, plank, set, sheet, wall, accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel. panik panic; synonyms (n) alarm, dismay, horror, scare, dread, fright, anxiety, fear, flap, hysteria, funk, (v) shock, (adj) consternation, terror, awe; antonym (n) composure. pankart banner (bayrak); synonyms (n) flag, ensign, title, bunting, colors, emblem, headline, pennant, pennon, streamer. pano 1. panel (panel); synonyms (n) board, jury, defendant, committee, plank, set, sheet, wall, accused, window, (v) empanel, impanel, 2. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission, court, embark, administration, agency, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark. pansiyon pension; synonyms (n) allowance, annuity, payment, stipend, endowment, inn, subsistence, hostel, tribute, (v) dismiss. pansuman dressing; synonyms (n) bandage, bandaging, binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding, castigation, coating, surfacing. pantolon trousers; synonyms (n) pants, breeches, knickers, pantaloons, trowsers, drawers, bloomers,

inexpressibles, smallclothes, trossers, trouse, unmentionables, underpants. Papa pope; synonyms (n) pontiff, cardinal, fish, (adj) church, gospel, scripture. papaz 1. priest (rahip); synonyms (n) clergyman, minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, cleric, parson, pastor, presbyter, chaplain, monk, (adj) divine, 2. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate; antonym (n) mother, 3. minister (bakan); synonyms (n) envoy, priest, deputy, ambassador, curate, agent, messenger, delegate, official, preacher, rector, shepherd, (v) supply, administer, provide. para 1. money; synonyms (n) capital, coin, currency, funds, means, lucre, assets, cash, pelf, purse, tin, dollar, pile, (adj) monetary, financial, 2. cash; synonyms (n) ready, bread, change, money, coins, exchange, needful, wealth, wherewithal, finances, income, (v) encash, liquidate, redeem; antonym (n) credit, 3. currency; synonyms (n) circulation, vogue, currentness, publicity, 4. means (araç); synonyms (n) expedient, agency, instrument, channel, manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium, method, process, property, resource, resources, substance, 5. brass (pirinç); synonyms (n) boldness, face, cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance, front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 6. bread (ekmek); synonyms (n) living, livelihood, maintenance, dough, food, kale, loot, sustenance, 7. funds; synonyms (n) treasury, funding, treasure, provision, savings. paradoks paradox; synonyms (n) incongruity, ambiguity, inconsistency, puzzle, catch-22, difficulty, fallacy, irony, opposite, paradoxy, phenomenon, anomaly, catch, contrariness, error. paragraf paragraph; synonyms (n) article, item, section, chapter, head, division, part, piece, sentence, count, (v) clause, passage. parakete log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block, diary, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet, logarithm, bobbing, calendar, (v) enter, chronicle, lumber. paralel 1. parallel (koşut); synonyms (adj) equivalent, even, comparable, level, like, alike, matching, (n) equal, analogy, likeness, analog, (v) compare, match, duplicate, agree; antonyms (adj) conflicting, dissimilar, (n) perpendicular, skew, 2. analogous (benzer); synonyms (adj) similar, akin, analogical, corresponding, parallel, cognate, correspondent, related. paralı rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) abundant, copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, full, affluent, ample, deep, fat, luxurious, opulent, plentiful,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English prolific, bright; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished, light. parametre parameter; synonyms (n) argument, guideline, limit, directive, modulus, quality, rule, bound, bylaw, consideration, constraint, decree, instruction, issue, law. parasal 1. financial (finansal); synonyms (adj) fiscal, economic, monetary, pecuniary, commercial, crumenal, business, numismatical, sumptuary, budgeting, numismatic, pocket, 2. monetary; synonyms (adj) financial, budgetary, capital, cash.

parasız free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage. paravana screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, guard, (v) cover, shield, conceal, hide, mask, protect, shelter, cloak. parazit interference (girişim, karışma); synonyms (n) disturbance, hindrance, handicap, block, blocking, encumbrance, hitch, inhibition, intercession, intervention, obstruction, antagonism, intermeddling, disruption, (v) collision. parça 1. piece; synonyms (n) cut, division, fragment, part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk, coin, constituent, 2. part (bölüm); synonyms (n) piece, character, portion, section, share, allotment, (v) branch, break, disjoin, divide, divorce, class, cleave, dissociate, depart; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 3. component (bileşen); synonyms (n) factor, ingredient, detail, element, feature, member, unit, accessory, (adj) fundamental, 4. item (kalem, madde); synonyms (n) entry, object, point, subject, thing, affair, event, clause, entity, fact, matter, particular, regard, (adv) also, and, 5. segment (kesim); synonyms (n) paragraph, slice, proportion, length, sector, subdivision, metamere, parcel, strip, department, chapter, (v) partition, 6. portion (porsiyon); synonyms (n) allot, dole, allowance, deal, destiny, fate, fortune, installment, segment, apportion, (v) lot, dividend, assign, dispense, distribute, 7. bit; synonyms (n) crumb, morsel, atom, drop, fleck, moment, shred, snatch, taste, trace, whit, act, (v) curb, scrap, scantling, 8. lump; synonyms (n) heap, knot, clod, tumor, bulge, clump, knob, lummox, nub, bunch, intumescence, pimple, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout, 9. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, fashion, reduce, (n) notch, cutting, nick, blow, gash;

361

antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 10. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, grain, rag, remnant, sherd, end, cantle, particle, (v) chip, shiver, splinter, crumble, crack, crash, collapse, 11. patch (yama, yamamak); synonyms (n) darn, mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle, blotch, dapple, field, maculation, clout, (v) botch, fix, repair, cobble, 12. passage; synonyms (n) aisle, course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey, way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation, excerpt, 13. section (bölüm, kesit, kısım); synonyms (n) compartment, percentage, episode, region, quarter, area, arm, district, passage, neighborhood, detachment, category, faction, head, incision, 14. unit (birim, ünite); synonyms (n) troop, group, squad, aggregate, cell, team, ace, company, system, crew, force, body, party, battalion, (adj) one. parçalamak 1. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 2. scrap; synonyms (n) fight, morsel, brawl, remnant, bit, chip, clash, end, junk, piece, remainder, conflict, (v) quarrel, row, (adj) fragment; antonym (v) keep, 3. split

(ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) cut, slit, divide, separate, divorce, cleave, division, fork, part, (n) break, rip, tear, cleavage, cleft, parting; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge. parçalanma crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, smash, clank, clatter, fall, impact, (v) bang, collapse, break, clang, crack, dash, plunge, ram. parçalanmak 1. fragment; synonyms (n) fraction, crumb, morsel, part, division, grain, piece, portion, (v) bit, chip, scrap, shiver, splinter, break, crumble, 2. break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation, 3. crash; synonyms (n) clash, collision, smash, clank, clatter, fall, impact, slam, wreck, (v) bang, clang, dash, plunge, ram, thunder. parçalanmış broken (bozuk); synonyms (v) broke, (adj) tame, torn, busted, imperfect, intermittent, rough, rugged, ruined, uneven, disjointed, incomplete, confused, cracked, crushed; antonyms (adj) constant, unbroken, intact, whole, wild. parıltı flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten. park park; synonyms (n) garden, common, green, parkland, arena, field, lawn, ballpark, commons, (v) deposit, locate, place, put, set, position.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

362

Turkish - English

parlak 1. shiny; synonyms (adj) bright, lustrous, glossy, brilliant, clear, glistening, sheeny, shining, sleek, slick, smooth, sunny, glassy, resplendent, (v) nitid; antonyms (adj) dull, rough, 2. bright; synonyms (adj) alive, apt, intelligent, vivid, beaming, brainy, light, luminous, shiny, smart, gorgeous, nimble, auspicious, acute, blithe; antonyms (adj) cloudy, dark, dim, dreary, gloomy, stupid, unintelligent, overcast, shadowy, leaden, slow, thick, 3. brilliant; synonyms (adj) splendid, glorious, illustrious, magnificent, spectacular, diamond, gaudy, gifted, impressive, incandescent, meteoric, sharp, sparkling, stunning, (n) jewel; antonym (adj) awful, 4. glossy; synonyms (adj) glazed, flat, burnished, satiny, silky, even, gleaming, polished, satin, silken, calendered, 5.

clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) opaque, unclear, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, illegible, imperceptible, (v) convict, 6. lively (canlı); synonyms (adj) brisk, active, agile, cheerful, energetic, keen, busy, fresh, gay, jolly, jovial, alert, animated, enthusiastic, live; antonyms (adj) inactive, lethargic, listless, lifeless, unexciting, 7. gorgeous; synonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, luxurious, rich, wonderful, costly, delicious, delightful, fine, handsome, lovely, opulent, pretty, showy, striking; antonym (adj) ugly, 8. live (canlı, oturmak, yaşamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) animate, living, bouncy, breathing, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 9. shining; synonyms (v) shine, (adj) radiant, effulgent, glittering, glowing, dazzling, distinguished, shimmering, sheen, glaring, lively, lucent, refulgent, (n) lucid, polishing. parlaklık polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. parlama explosion (patlama); synonyms (n) burst, blast, boom, detonation, eruption, bang, fulmination, outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge, salvo, firing, (adj) paroxysm, blow. parlamak 1. beam (ışın, kiriş); synonyms (n) blaze, glow, ray, timber, flash, joist, light, (v) glare, air, broadcast, gleam, grin, radiate, smile, (adj) shine, 2. blaze; synonyms (n) flame, burning, fire, hell, scintillation, combustion, blazing, brightness, (v) beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, heat, kindle, (adj) burn, 3. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, glitter, instant, coruscation, flare, (v) twinkle, blink,

glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten, dart, dash, display, flaunt. parlamento parliament; synonyms (n) congress, council, diet, assembly, legislature, house, convention, convocation, senate, fantan. parlatmak polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. parmak 1. finger; synonyms (n) digit, dactyl, (v) feel, handle, touch, hand, thumb, grope, indicate, paw, point, accuse, 2. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant, provide, 3. inch (inç); synonyms (n) in, (v) edge, crawl, creep, ease, 4. toe; synonyms (n) extremity, foot, bottom, nadir, sole, adversary, antagonist, competitor, enemy, opponent, (v) toenail, (adj) toed. parmaklık 1. fence (çit); synonyms (n) enclosure, barrier, hurdle, pale, bar, boundary, barricade, fencing, (v) hedge, wall, contend, enclose, parry, quibble, evade, 2. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose, confine; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 3. rail; synonyms (n) balustrade, handrail, railing, fence, banister, track, path, paling, course, rails, (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate, revile, scold. parsel 1. parcel (paket); synonyms (n) lot, bale, pack, bundle, division, package, packet, section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion, distribute, apportion, 2. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, scheme, chart, design, graph, action, device, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer. parter pit (çukur); synonyms (n) cavity, dent, hole, depression, grave, colliery, excavation, mine, stone, dig, (v) den, ditch, oppose, cave, (adj) hollow. parti 1. lot; synonyms (n) batch, destiny, fate, doom, fortune, portion, slice, allot, bunch, chance, circle, group, set, share, (v) deal, 2. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company, assembly, association, crew, gathering, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction, meeting, club, 3. batch; synonyms (n) lot, body, battery, charge, heap, mass, suite, consignment, bundle, cluster, clutch, collection, flock, pile, (v) pack, 4. do (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) act, cheat, commit, accomplish, complete, conduct, perform, achieve, make, practice, defraud, answer, arrange, (n) function, occasion; antonyms (v) neglect, unmake. partisyon score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash. pasaj passage; synonyms (n) aisle, course, channel, corridor, gangway, hall, journey, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct, opening, avenue, citation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English pasaport passport; synonyms (n) pass, permit, protection, identification, safeguard, warrant. pasif passive (edilgen); synonyms (adj) inactive, apathetic, inert, submissive, indifferent, lifeless, nonviolent, resigned, dormant, slow, unresisting, impassive, indolent, meek, patient; antonyms (adj) active, assertive, spirited, working. paso pass (geçiş, geçmek); synonyms (v) flow, deliver, give, happen, lead, move, offer, overtake, live, advance, die, elapse, exceed, (adj) go, run; antonym (v) fail. pasta cake (kek); synonyms (n) bar, block, pastry, lump, pie, (v) harden, set, (adj) clot, fix. pataklamak beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose. patates potato; synonyms (n) murphy, spud, tater, bittersweet, countenance, eggplant, face, head. patent 1. charter; synonyms (n) hire, permit, authority, code, law, license, constitution, contract, franchise, (v) let, rent, engage, lease, take, get, 2. patent; synonyms (adj) obvious, overt, apparent, evident, manifest, clear, conspicuous, open, palpable, plain, explicit, marked, noticeable, transparent, unmistakable; antonym (adj) unclear. patentli patent; synonyms (adj) obvious, overt, apparent, evident, manifest, clear, conspicuous, open, palpable, plain, explicit, marked, noticeable, transparent, unmistakable; antonym (adj) unclear. patika 1. trail (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, course, trudge, (v) haul, drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, draw, tow, dog, 2. path (yol); synonyms (n) direction, way, highway, line, orbit, lane, means, alley, avenue, corridor, itinerary, route, walk, manner, (v) passage, 3. track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) racetrack, road, circuit, lead, racecourse, rail, rails, running, (v) trail, follow, footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, tag. patırtı 1. noise (gürültü); synonyms (n) clatter, clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, din, disturbance, echo, uproar, buzz, clang, commotion, crack, crash, (v) fame; antonyms (n) silence, quiet, 2. disturbance; synonyms (n) agitation, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement, dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, affray, annoyance, bother, confusion, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3. bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash, strike, blast, blow, bump, (v) hit, slam, bash, boom, clink, 4. row; synonyms (n) altercation, line, file, rank, squabble, wrangle, clash, dispute, (v) quarrel, fight, argue, bicker, order, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree. patırtılı noisy (gürültücü, gürültülü); synonyms (adj) disorderly, boisterous, clamorous, loud, vociferous, blatant, rowdy, shrill, strident,

363

tumultuous, turbulent, vocal, bustling, confused, harsh; antonyms (adj) quiet, peaceful, silent, calm, tranquil. patlama 1. explosion; synonyms (n) burst, blast, boom, detonation, eruption, bang, fulmination, outbreak, outburst, rush, (v) discharge, salvo, firing, (adj) paroxysm, blow, 2. burst; synonyms (v) break, crack, rupture, belch, abound, erupt, open, (n) flash, explosion, (adj) split, explode, detonate, flare, splinter, broken; antonym (v) implode, 3. bang; synonyms (n) clap, beat, smack, knock, slap, smash, strike, bump, rap, thud, (v) hit, slam, bash, clatter, clink, 4. blast; synonyms (n) gust, noise, whiff, wind, beep, peal, sound, blasting, (v) attack, blare, blight, bomb, roar, bombard, shell. patlamak 1. burst; synonyms (v) break, crack, blast, rupture, belch, abound, erupt, open, (n) flash, explosion, (adj) split, explode, detonate, flare, splinter; antonym (v) implode, 2. pop; synonyms (n) dad, daddy, father, pa, papa, bang, shot, click, (v) burst, shoot, protrude, pawn, appear, place, (adv) plump.

patlamamış live (canlı, oturmak, yaşamak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate, living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate. patlayıcı explosive; synonyms (adj) volatile, combustible, unstable, fickle, dangerous, hazardous, precarious, unsafe, excitable, (n) bomb, mine, missile, firecracker, ammunition, (v) convulsive; antonym (adj) stable. patron 1. boss; synonyms (n) chief, governor, head, overseer, superior, ruler, administrator, captain, director, executive, foreman, leader, (v) administer, govern, direct, 2. governor (vali); synonyms (n) manager, regulator, controller, superintendent, master, official, protector, warden, 3. chief (ana, baş); synonyms (adj) principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential, first, main, primary, sovereign, basic, (n) boss, paramount, top, chieftain; antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 4. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) instructor, gentleman, authority, employer, headmaster, maestro, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original, ace, expert, proficient, 5. pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, (v) mould.

pay 1. share (hisse, hisse senedi, paylaşmak); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense, divide, partition; antonym (v) control, 2. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, article, character, component, cut, division, section, share, (v) branch,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

364

Turkish - English

break, disjoin, divorce, class, cleave, dissociate; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 3. portion (parça, porsiyon); synonyms (n) fragment, parcel, allowance, destiny, fate, fortune, installment, member, segment, interest, dispensation, element, (v) dividend, assign, allocate, 4. quota; synonyms (n) proportion, contingent, measure, quantity, ratio, ration, slice, rate, percentage, helping, stint, 5. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, (n) notch, cutting, nick, blow, gash; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 6. quantum; synonyms (n) amount, magnitude, mass, measurement, sum, total, amplitude. payanda shore; synonyms (n) bank, coast, prop, beach, edge, land, buttress, seashore, seaside, stay, brace, margin, border, riverside, (v) support; antonym (n) interior. paylama lecture; synonyms (n) address, discourse, harangue, reprimand, speech, talk, oration, censure, declaim, homily, (v) rebuke, sermon, chide, preach, instruct.

paylaşmak 1. share (hisse, hisse senedi, pay); synonyms (n) piece, portion, deal, dole, lot, allotment, (v) participate, allot, apportion, distribute, part, partake, dispense, divide, partition; antonym (v) control, 2. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage, cleft; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge. pazar market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle, merchandise, sale. pazarlama marketing; synonyms (n) sale, commerce, merchandising, selling, distribution, advertising, campaign, nundination, promotion, publicity, staging, supplies. pazarlamak market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle, merchandise, sale. pazarlık 1. bargain; synonyms (n) contract, agreement, covenant, deal, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer, compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange, agree, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 2. deal (anlaşma); synonyms (n) bargain, trade, convention, (v) administer, allot, apportion, conduct, cope, distribute, truck, assign, accord, acquit, address, comport. peder father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate; antonym (n) mother.

pejmürde ragged; synonyms (adj) seedy, threadbare, worn, hoarse, jagged, scruffy, torn, dilapidated, rugged, shaggy, tattered, unkempt, (n) shabby, harsh, rough; antonyms (adj) pristine, smart, elegant. pek 1. very (çok, tam); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, completely, entirely, most, quite, truly, actually, too, awfully, (adj) much, identical, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 2. most; synonyms (adv) nearly, nigh, virtually, approximately, (adj) almost, about, best, utmost, indeed, near, very, well, close, (n) majority, maximum; antonym (adv) least, 3. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous, 4. so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, then, therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise, 5. quite; synonyms (adv) altogether, absolutely, all, sheer, exactly, enough, even, fairly, rather, stark, totally, wholly, far, (adj) just, outright. peki okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization, agreement, (v) approve, sanction, consent, endorse, authorize, countenance; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid. pelerin 1. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil, camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind, blanket, curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal, dissemble, hide; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal, uncover, 2. cape; synonyms (n) cloak, headland, ness, shawl, coat, mantle, point, promontory. pelte jelly (jöle); synonyms (n) gel, conserve, jam, gelatin, preserves, (v) jellify, jell. pembe pink; synonyms (adj) flower, pinkish, (n) red, crimson, rose, carmine, (v) knock, gore, impale, prick, punch, spear, spike, stab, enfilade. penaltı penalty; synonyms (n) mulct, fine, forfeit, forfeiture, amercement, judgment, handicap, penalization, penance, sentence, pain, conviction, punishment, sanction, (v) condemnation. pencere window; synonyms (n) casement, porthole, pane, gap, embrasure, hole, opening, windowpane. peni penny; synonyms (n) cent, change, centime, groat, money, doit, mite, coinage, currency, denomination, farthing, rap, sou, denarius, shilling. penis penis; synonyms (n) member, phallus, appendage, extremity. perakende retail; synonyms (adj) commercial, (v) sell, issue, merchandise, trade, wholesale, utter, vend, handle, (n) dispense, business, buying, exchange, export, import.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

365

perçem fringe; synonyms (n) brim, brink, edge,

perişan 1. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate,

boundary, periphery, rim, bound, perimeter, frame, circumference, (v) border, hem, skirt, verge, (adj) feather. perdah polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate. perde 1. curtain; synonyms (n) veil, cover, barrier, blind, drapery, screen, drape, mantle, mask, pall, shade, shroud, blanket, (v) hide, banquette, 2. screen (ekran); synonyms (n) riddle, disguise, partition, guard, curtain, protection, (v) shield, conceal, protect, shelter, cloak, filter, obscure, safeguard, sieve, 3. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, decree, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact; antonym (v) refrain, 4. cloak; synonyms (n) camouflage, cape, masquerade, guise, coat, covering, pretext, (v) wrap, dissemble, envelop, secrete, surround, swathe, palliate; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal, uncover, 5. pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch, 6. tone (ses, ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, disposition, feel, feeling, intonation, (v) color, 7. blind (kör, kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, dark, eyeless, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, dim, (n) shutter, awning, trick, cheat, concealment, deceit, front; antonym (adj) sighted, 8. membrane (zar); synonyms (n) diaphragm, film, skin, casing, coating, crust, 9. web; synonyms (n) mesh, network, tissue, lattice, texture, blade, entanglement, maze, cobweb, complication, grain, labyrinth, snarl, (v) net, plexus. performans performance; synonyms (n) act, discharge, achievement, execution, fulfillment, observance, accomplishment, deed, completion, exploit, implementation, operation, recital, (v) action, efficiency; antonyms (n) omission, practice. pergel compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope, area, circle, circumference, extent, reach, room, breadth, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, (adv) beset. perhiz diet; synonyms (n) congress, convocation, council, convention, nurture, food, assembly, dieting, fare, nourishment, sustenance, synod, cockpit, fast; antonyms (v) binge, (adj) fattening. peri 1. fairy; synonyms (n) elf, faerie, sprite, fag, faggot, fagot, imp, pixie, fay, goblin, nymph, pansy, poof, poove, (adj) faery, 2. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, ghost, life, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, essence, heart, mind, phantom, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body.

unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, deplorable, lamentable, low, mean, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, (v) miserable, poor; antonym (adj) happy, 2. miserable (sefil); synonyms (adj) meager, abject, bad, desolate, downcast, measly, distressed, cheerless, contemptible, dejected, depressed, despondent, disconsolate, dismal, (v) wretched; antonyms (adj) cheerful, generous. periyodik periodic; synonyms (adj) intermittent, regular, periodical, recurrent, frequent, alternate, recurring, routine, spasmodic, alternating, daily, fitful, infrequent, irregular, odd. permi permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow, give, license, admit, leave, let, bear, endure, have, agree, (n) consent, licence, pass, permission, (adj) grant; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit, stop. peron platform; synonyms (n) dais, floor, rostrum, stage, stand, plan, pulpit, ambo, arena, dock, base, pedestal, platforms, amphitheater, (v) program. personel 1. personnel; synonyms (n) employees, staff, workers, workforce, force, troops, effect, faculty, forcefulness, organization, people, body, corps, department, group, 2. staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post, personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court, scepter, board, (v) crutch, prop, stick, 3. employee; synonyms (n) clerk, laborer, hand, worker, apprentice, assistant, helper, drudge, labor, beginner, breadwinner, cog, convert, craftsman, flunky; antonym (n) employer. perspektif perspective; synonyms (n) attitude, aspect, angle, outlook, prospect, view, lookout, panorama, horizon, opinion, position, standpoint, viewpoint, vision, slant.

pervane fan (hayran, vantilatör, yelpaze); synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor. pervasız reckless; synonyms (adj) heedless, careless, foolhardy, rash, hasty, imprudent, incautious, extravagant, wanton, daring, brash, desperate, precipitate, audacious, irresponsible; antonyms (adj) careful, cautious, prudent, sensible, wise. pes low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high. petrol oil (yağ); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat, ointment, salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v) lubricate, anoint, anele, glycerine. peyk satellite (uydu); synonyms (n) follower, moon, planet, attendant, orbiter, disciple, secondary,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

366

Turkish - English

cohort, hanger-on, colony, dependency, inferior, (adj) ancillary, collateral, concomitant. peynir cheese; synonyms (n) cheeseflower, exaggeration, cake, (v) misrepresent. peyzaj landscape (yatay); synonyms (n) outlook, scene, scenery, sight, view, vista, ground, lookout, panorama, perspective, picture, (v) prospect. piç bastard; synonyms (n) whoreson, scoundrel, cad, mongrel, (adj) illegitimate, spurious, fake, misbegotten, phony, adulterate, bastardly, bogus, false, natural, phoney; antonym (n) legitimate. piknik picnic; synonyms (n) excursion, junket, cinch, outing, pushover, snap, jaunt, coportion, expedition, feast, jollification, meal, (v) collation. pil 1. battery (akü, batarya); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, 2. cell (göze, hücre); synonyms (n) cage, jail, cadre, hole, cave, booth, chamber, compartment, coop, cubicle, den, lair, recess. Pilav rice (pirinç); synonyms (n) cereal, grain, buckwheat, maize, millet, oats, rye, (adj) meal, bran, farina, flour, spore, sporule. piliç chicken (tavuk); synonyms (n) chick, cock, coward, fowl, hen, crybaby, nestling, poultry, weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, chickenhearted. pilot pilot; synonyms (n) guide, leader, aviator, captain, airman, (v) manage, lead, conduct, direct, director, fly, navigate, show, escort, (adj) experimental. pınar 1. fountain; synonyms (n) fount, font, jet, source, origin, well, derivation, root, spout, squirt, wellspring, (v) spring, flow, 2. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, proceed, (adj) elastic. pipo pipe (boru); synonyms (n) tube, conduit, channel, duct, flue, hose, passage, pipage, (v) cry, peep, screech, shriek, sing, squeak, creak. piramit pyramid; synonyms (n) pile, mass, heap, congeries, lump, prism, stack, (adj) spire, steeple, (v) add, amplify, elevate, enhance, enrich, exaggerate. pirinç 1. brass; synonyms (n) boldness, face, cheek, nerve, administration, arrogance, insolence, effrontery, impertinence, (v) audacity, assurance, front, hardihood, impudence, (adj) bronze, 2. rice; synonyms (n) cereal, grain, buckwheat, maize, millet, oats, rye, (adj) meal, bran, farina, flour, spore, sporule. pırlanta 1. ice (buz, dondurma); synonyms (n) frosting, glass, hoarfrost, icing, sparkler, frappe, rime, (v) frost, cool, refrigerate, fan, 2. brilliant; synonyms (adj) bright, splendid, glorious, illustrious, intelligent, luminous, magnificent, spectacular, sunny, vivid, brainy, diamond, gaudy,

gifted, (v) smart; antonyms (adj) dull, dim, awful, dark. pis 1. dirty (kirli); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean, 2. offensive; synonyms (adj) disgusting, distasteful, abusive, aggressive, loathsome, nauseous, coarse, abominable, disagreeable, impertinent, (n) assault, attack, (v) odious, nasty, hateful; antonyms (adj) complimentary, inoffensive, pleasant, defensive, polite, tasteful, 3. filthy; synonyms (adj) dirty, unclean, squalid, awful, grimy, grubby, indecent, ribald, smutty, sordid, vile, vulgar, lewd, lousy, low; antonym (adj) decent, 4. nasty; synonyms (adj) filthy, mean, evil, hurtful, obnoxious, raw, repulsive, unpleasant, dangerous, gross, hideous, horrible, malicious, objectionable, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) agreeable, kind, nice, charitable, lovely. pişirmek cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake, brew, make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach, roast, simmer, stew, coddle, heat. pişkin old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly, experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit, hoary, mature, past; antonyms (adj) new, young, modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful. piskopos bishop (fil); synonyms (n) archbishop, primate, clergyman, elder, eminence, episcopant, metropolitan, minister, (v) wassail, cup, flip, grog, negus, punch, purl. piskoposluk see (anlamak, görmek); synonyms (v) look, feel, discover, appreciate, behold, consider, deem, discern, distinguish, know, notice, recognize, apprehend, (adj) observe, perceive. pislenmek dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean. pisletmek dirty (kirli, pis); synonyms (adj) foul, dirt, contemptible, bawdy, contaminated, dingy, impure, despicable, (v) muddy, corrupt, soil, contaminate, begrime, bemire, (n) defile; antonyms (adj) hygienic, pure, spotless, immaculate, (v) clean. pislik 1. dirt; synonyms (n) soil, dust, filth, grime, crap, ground, mire, scandal, contamination, smudge, dirtiness, foulness, impurity, land, muck, 2. contamination; synonyms (n) contagion, pollution, contaminant, infection, dirtying, corruption, taint, vitiation, adulteration, depravity, (v) defilement; antonym (n) decontamination, 3. mess; synonyms (n) clutter, jumble, muddle, confusion, difficulty, disorder, hodgepodge, jam, scrape, bedlam, chaos, dilemma, dirt, disarray, (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English botch; antonym (n) order, 4. pollution; synonyms (n) befoulment, infamy, soiling, disgrace, filthiness, violation, stain, (adj) backsliding, demoralization, obliquity, 5. soil (toprak); synonyms (v) blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, begrime, daub, sully, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean. pişman sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad, deplorable, mean, miserable; antonym (adj) unrepentant. pişmanlık regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent, (n) grief, compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, disappointment. pişmek cook; synonyms (n) chef, (v) boil, bake, brew, make, prepare, concoct, falsify, grill, poach, roast, simmer, stew, coddle, heat. pişmemiş raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, fresh, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, green, piercing, sore, cold, biting, chilly, inclement, inexperienced, naked; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked. pist track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path, line, racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint. pitoresk picturesque; synonyms (adj) graphic, striking, colorful, idyllic, lovely, quaint, scenic, vivid, romantic, (v) pictorial. piyade infantry; synonyms (n) foot, army, base, foundation, ft, fundament, groundwork, pes, private, substructure, understructure. piyano piano; synonyms (n) pianoforte, pianissimo, (adj) soft, gentle, cushy, delicate, easy, faint, indulgent, lax, lenient, nonalcoholic, (adv) gently, lightly, softly; antonym (adv) forte. piyasa market; synonyms (n) fair, shop, bazaar, marketplace, trade, mart, outlet, store, (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange, handle, merchandise, sale. piyes 1. play (oynamak); synonyms (v) act, pastime, enact, exercise, perform, joke, execute, fiddle, flirt, (n) frolic, game, sport, bet, diversion, gambol; antonym (v) work, 2. piece (parça); synonyms (n) cut, division, fragment, part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, bit, block, chunk, coin, constituent. plaj beach; synonyms (n) bank, coast, foreshore, shore, strand, coastline, land, seashore, shoreline. plak record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe. plaka plate (tabak); synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home, engraving, disc, armor, base, board, bowl, denture, plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat.

367

plaket plate (tabak); synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home, engraving, disc, armor, base, board, bowl, denture, plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat. plan 1. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance, 2. plan (proje); synonyms (n) map, figure, chart, outline, pattern, invent, form, blueprint, (v) design, devise, intend, plot, arrange, draft, engineer, 3. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) dodge, diagram, method, project, schedule, conspiracy, frame, maneuver, schema, system, model, manoeuvre, (v) intrigue, conspire, connive, 4. drawing (çizim); synonyms (n) drafting, delineation, picture, cartoon, depiction, draftsmanship, draught, draw, painting, illustration, image, lottery, representation, traction, 5. map (harita); synonyms (n) graph, plat, mapping, correspondence, 6. device (aygıt); synonyms (n) apparatus, appliance, artifice, emblem, contraption, gimmick, invention, trick, way, expedient, implement, instrument, machination, machine, mechanism, 7. layout; synonyms (n) composition, array, order, display, 8. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) lot, patch, action, field, area, collusion, wile, delineate, ploy, (v) cabal, concoct, machinate, brew, hatch, survey, 9. project (proje); synonyms (n) enterprise, venture, (v) hurl, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, extend, forecast, throw, offer, concert, chuck. planlama planning; synonyms (n) preparation, calculation, organization, programming, plan, readying, foresight, architecture, arrangements, building, consideration, construction, debate, deliberations, direction. planlamak 1. plan (proje); synonyms (n) aim, map, figure, chart, intent, outline, pattern, scheme, invent, form, (v) design, devise, intend, plot, arrange, 2. arrange (düzenlemek); synonyms (v) adjust, appoint, dress, order, set, settle, pack, adapt, agree, classify, compose, decorate, do, engineer, fix; antonyms (v) disturb, disarrange, 3. calculate (hesaplamak); synonyms (v) count, estimate, account, add, appraise, cipher, compute, deem, enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess, make, reckon, consider, 4. structure (bünye, yapı); synonyms (n) building, arrangement, edifice, shape, constitution, construction, frame, framework, organization, architecture, establishment, conformation, composition, erection, fabric, 5. programme (program); synonyms (n) broadcast, plan, platform, curriculum, class, course, preface, programma, (v) program, 6. project (proje); synonyms (n) device, idea, enterprise, venture, (v) hurl, contrive, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, extend, throw, hatch.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

368

Turkish - English

planya plane (uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face,

pompalamak pump; synonyms (n) heart, pumps,

aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush. plaster plaster (yakı); synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear. plastik plastic; synonyms (adj) flexible, ductile, elastic, malleable, pliant, lithe, fictile, pliable, soft, supple, impressionable, artificial, lissom, tractable, (v) limber. plazma plasma; synonyms (n) plasm, onyx, blood, flesh. poliçe 1. policy (politika); synonyms (n) course, plan, approach, insurance, tactics, game, system, method, politics, polity, principle, 2. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 3. draft (taslak); synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch, drawing, drink, (v) draught, outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, recruit, chart, delineate, draw; antonym (v) discharge. polis 1. police; synonyms (n) constabulary, law, officer, investigator, jurisprudence, (v) control, guard, watch, patrol, order, adjust, arrange, legalize, normalize, standardize, 2. copper (bakır); synonyms (n) bronze, bull, cop, fuzz, gold, pig, cent, coin, ingot, nugget, cuprum, brown, copperplate, auburn, blur, 3. bull (boğa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, copper, crap, guff, male, nonsense, (adj) blunder. politik political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil, cunning, following, supporting, ambassadorial, artful, biased, embassy, opinionated, partisan, prudent, sagacious, unscrupulous. politika 1. politics (siyaset); synonyms (n) government, diplomacy, policy, governance, authorities, governing, backroom, bossism, campaigning, civics, electioneering, jungle, legislature, polity, regime, 2. policy (poliçe); synonyms (n) course, plan, approach, insurance, tactics, game, system, method, politics, principle. politikacı politician; synonyms (n) statesman, legislator, politico, lawgiver, pol, statemonger, tactician, demagogue, officer, official, politic, statist, strategist, sycophant, wealsman. Polonyalı 1. polish; synonyms (n) finish, gloss, burnish, gentility, cultivation, elegance, refinement, shine, civilization, (v) furbish, glaze, rub, civilize, clean, cultivate, 2. pole (kutup); synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar. pompa pump (pompalamak); synonyms (n) heart, pumps, ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk, question.

ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk, question. pop pop; synonyms (n) dad, daddy, father, pa, papa, bang, shot, click, (v) burst, crack, shoot, protrude, pawn, appear, (adv) plump. popo bottom (alt, dip, kıç); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest. popüler popular; synonyms (adj) common, general, current, fashionable, democratic, customary, known, plain, pop, celebrated, notorious, prominent, famous, familiar, (v) favorite; antonyms (adj) unpopular, aristocratic, disliked. popülerlik popularity; synonyms (n) celebrity, fame, renown, repute, vogue, account, appreciation, prevalence, prestige, popularness, acclaim, allure, appeal, attraction, attractiveness. porsiyon 1. portion (parça); synonyms (n) part, division, piece, constituent, allot, component, fragment, parcel, section, dole, allowance, (v) lot, dividend, divide, allotment, 2. helping; synonyms (n) portion, share, plateful, quota, serving, (adj) auxiliary, 3. serving; synonyms (n) helping, service, help, serve, plate. portakal orange (turuncu); synonyms (adj) amber, ocher, orangey, orangish, tawny, ginger, red, (n) orangeness, lemon, etc, lime, apricot, bittersweet, coral, peach. portatif portable; synonyms (adj) mobile, movable, portative, light, convenient, manageable, pocket, carriageable, cartable, compact, haulable, itinerant, lightweight, supportable, wieldy; antonym (adj) fixed. porte staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, club, post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, baton, brace, stave, court, (v) crutch, prop, stick. portföy portfolio; synonyms (n) briefcase, album, file, bandolier, budget, chair, book, quiver. portör 1. contact (temas); synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 2. carrier (taşıyıcı); synonyms (n) bearer, messenger, courier, mailman, porter, postman, vehicle, transport, envoy, bag, channel, container, emissary, newsboy, solvent. portre portrait; synonyms (n) effigy, image, icon, likeness, delineation, depiction, figure, painting, photograph, picture, portraiture, portrayal, characterization. posa sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition, lees, dregs, grounds, substance, filth, refuse, residue, settling.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English post 1. skin (cilt, deri, kabuk); synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay, 2. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, ambush, (n) cover, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express, 3. fell; synonyms (v) chop, cut, drop, floor, ax, level, down, demolish, destroy, (adj) barbarous, cruel, prostrate, brutal, fierce, savage, 4. coat (palto); synonyms (n) film, jacket, layer, case, casing, wrap, (v) sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze, finish, paint, plate, spread, varnish, 5. fur (kürk); synonyms (n) hair, fleece, feathers, fuzz, nap, (v) flannel, (adj) pile, wool, floss. posta 1. mail (postalamak); synonyms (n) armor, communication, correspondence, (v) post, send, remit, habergeon, shield, place, transmit, direct, dispatch, 2. post; synonyms (n) function, office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth, column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat. postalamak 1. mail (posta); synonyms (n) armor, communication, correspondence, (v) post, send, remit, habergeon, shield, place, transmit, direct, dispatch, 2. post (posta); synonyms (n) function, office, position, pillar, stake, attitude, berth, column, job, (v) mail, locate, base, enter, lay, seat. poster poster; synonyms (n) bill, placard, notice, handbill, advertisement, broadside, card, circular, ad, announcement, flyer, posting, sign, (v) affiche. potansiyel potential; synonyms (adj) likely, possible, prospective, latent, virtual, dormant, (n) capability, potency, ability, capacity, possibility, prospect, faculty, potentiality, power. potin boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill. poz exposure; synonyms (n) display, exposition, detection, peril, danger, risk, expose, discovery, revealing, jeopardy, liability, revelation, advertising, susceptibility, (v) disclosure. pozisyon position (konum); synonyms (n) place, lay, attitude, condition, employment, opinion, placement, post, rank, set, arrangement, (v) grade, fix, locate, arrange. pozitif positive (olumlu); synonyms (adj) absolute, certain, affirmative, confident, decisive, definite, direct, explicit, favorable, incontrovertible, peremptory, plus, sure, advantageous, (n) actual; antonyms (adj) negative, derogatory, uncertain, unsure, pessimistic, sad. pragmatik pragmatic; synonyms (adj) practical, hardheaded, realistic, useful, functional, pragmatical, sensible, empirical, helpful. pratik 1. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available, convenient, apt, clever, expert, deft, dexterous, good, accessible, easy, commodious, functional, near, (n) ready; antonyms (adj) useless, clumsy,

369

fixed, 2. practice; synonyms (n) exercise, fashion, convention, discipline, experience, habit, form, observance, application, employment, (v) custom, drill, use, act, apply; antonym (n) performance, 3. practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable, efficient, feasible, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, expedient, handy, positive, sensible, useful, workable, working; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, impossible. prematüre premature; synonyms (adj) early, precocious, untimely, immature, forward, inopportune, previous, rash, unripe. prens prince; synonyms (n) monarch, potentate, duke, sovereign, king, chief, ruler, magnate. prenses princess; synonyms (n) empress, queen, czarina, monarch, lady, darling, moppet, mopsey, noble, ruler, sultana. prensip principle (ilke); synonyms (n) origin, fundamental, method, rule, cause, doctrine, ground, basis, dogma, element, essence, law, precept, reason, tenet. pres press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. prestij prestige; synonyms (n) credit, influence, power, distinction, authority, dignity, repute, reputation, standing, status, attraction, face, kudos, celebrity, glory. prezervatif rubber (kauçuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize. prim 1. premium; synonyms (n) bonus, agio, bounty, payment, extra, price, prize, reward, agiotage, (adj) superior; antonym (adj) inferior, 2. bonus; synonyms (n) award, compensation, premium, dividend, gift, gratuity, perk, addition, benefit, perquisite, incentive, percentage; antonym (n) disadvantage. priz 1. jack; synonyms (n) knave, flag, jackass, mariner, ace, burgee, jackfruit, 2. socket; synonyms (n) cavity, alveolus, sleeve, hollow, pocket, slot, recess, sheath, compass, employment, fitment, fob, overshot, pouch, province. problem 1. problem (sorun); synonyms (n) bother, conundrum, difficulty, trouble, knot, enigma, job, matter, riddle, case, poser, dilemma, issue, puzzle, (v) question, 2. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, 3. question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, problem, (v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire, mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

370

Turkish - English

prodüktivite productivity; synonyms (n) efficiency, fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness, abundance, output, production, constructiveness, turnout, use, usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness; antonym (n) fruitlessness. prodüktör producer; synonyms (n) director, creator, manufacturer, author, maker, manager, cause, entrepreneur, farmer. profesör professor; synonyms (n) lecturer, scholar, teacher, instructor, coach, don, trainer, tutor, academic, connoisseur. profesyonel professional; synonyms (adj) specialist, occupational, competent, technical, skillful, proficient, skilled, experienced, practiced, (n) expert, authority, master, pro, maestro, whiz; antonyms (adj) unpaid, unprofessional, (n) amateur. profil 1. profile; synonyms (n) contour, outline, form, figure, shape, silhouette, line, section, ambit, biography, circuit, perimeter, periphery, portrait, 2. outline (özet); synonyms (n) sketch, design, edge, abstract, digest, frame, synopsis, brief, (v) draft, describe, draw, border, chart, adumbrate, blueprint. program 1. programme; synonyms (n) design, broadcast, plan, platform, curriculum, class, course, forecast, preface, programma, (v) program, 2. program (programlamak); synonyms (n) agenda, scheme, bill, routine, show, proposal, calendar, idea, performance, prospectus, syllabus, list, (v) schedule, programme, condition, 3. schedule; synonyms (n) catalog, catalogue, inventory, table, roll, index, chart, docket, fare, arrangement, diagram, record, (v) register, book, arrange. programlama programming; synonyms (n) programing, scheduling, program, indoctrination, instruction, brainwashing, coaching, language, propaganda, teaching, training. programlamak 1. program (program); synonyms (n) agenda, plan, broadcast, design, scheme, course, bill, curriculum, platform, routine, show, proposal, calendar, (v) schedule, programme, 2. programme (program); synonyms (n) class, forecast, preface, programma, (v) program. proje 1. project; synonyms (n) design, device, scheme, idea, enterprise, (v) plan, hurl, contrive, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, devise, 2. plan; synonyms (n) aim, map, figure, chart, intent, outline, pattern, invent, form, arrangement, blueprint, (v) intend, plot, arrange, conceive, 3. design (tasarlamak); synonyms (n) purpose, conception, drawing, contrivance, copy, intention, destination, concept, composition, (v) sketch, construct, contemplate, model, concert, compose; antonym (n) chance, 4. scheme; synonyms (n) dodge, diagram, method, project, schedule,

conspiracy, frame, maneuver, schema, system, manoeuvre, (v) intrigue, conspire, connive, engineer, 5. projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) hump, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, protrusion, bump, extrusion, forecast, excrescence, convexity, ejection, gibbosity, prediction, (adj) salient. projeksiyon projection (izdüşüm); synonyms (n) bulge, hump, jut, prominence, protuberance, knob, ledge, overhang, plan, protrusion, bump, map, extrusion, forecast, (adj) salient. propaganda 1. propaganda; synonyms (n) promotion, information, publicity, advertisement, diffusion, doctrine, falsehood, fib, instruction, programming, release, (v) propagandism, persuasion, disinformation, proselytism, 2. publicity; synonyms (n) advertising, notoriety, propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure. prosedür procedure; synonyms (n) process, formula, practice, routine, fashion, approach, custom, method, rule, action, measure, course, function, operation, performance. protein protein; synonyms (n) cytoplasm, protoplasm, (adj) albumen, gluten, glair, cream, milk, starch. protesto protest (protesto etmek); synonyms (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question, (v) dissent, assert, complain, object, affirm, asseverate, attest, aver, declare, demur; antonym (v) support. protokol protocol; synonyms (n) etiquette, manners, ceremony, bill, formality, concordat, decorum, propriety. prototip prototype; synonyms (n) model, archetype, epitome, example, exemplar, paradigm, pattern, ideal, original, paragon, type, forerunner, image, parent, precursor. prova rehearsal; synonyms (n) narration, recital, practice, preparation, repetition, description, account, explanation, narrative. pruva 1. bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, 2. stem (sap); synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v) originate, block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed. psikiyatrik psychiatric; synonyms (adj) psychiatrical, mental. psikolog psychologist; synonym (n) psychologue. psikoloji psychology; synonyms (n) psychics, mentality, animastic, metaphysics, ontology. psikolojik psychological; synonyms (adj) mental, psychic, psychical, cerebral, intellectual, inner, psychologic, subconscious, subjective, critical, mind, experimental, imaginary, intellective, irrational.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

371

puan 1. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch,

pus mist; synonyms (n) fog, cloud, haze, vapor,

line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, 2. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, (v) head, direct, level. puding pudding; synonyms (n) pud, sweet, gut, puddening, (adj) butter, clay, curd, dough, jam, pap, gelatinous, pulp, rob, taste, wax. pudra powder (barut, toz); synonyms (n) dust, gunpowder, explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound, pulverise, pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle. pudralık compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense, compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse. puhu owl (baykuş); synonyms (n) hooter, booby, dolt, looby, nizy, noddy, nonny, noodle, howlet, awl, beak, burglar, honker, horn, nozzle. pul 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. punto point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level. pürüzlendirmek rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. pürüzlü 1. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 2. uneven; synonyms (adj) rough, unequal, irregular, erratic, patchy, rugged, spotty, disproportionate, ragged, craggy, crooked, unbalanced, variable, asymmetrical, (v) broken; antonyms (adj) straight, equal, symmetrical. pürüzsüz smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle.

brume, film, smoke, steam, (v) blur, befog, cover, obscure, drizzle, bedim, becloud. püskül beard (sakal); synonyms (n) awn, hair, whiskers, disguise, sloven, (v) dare, defy, camouflage, mask, (adj) brave. püskürteç spray (püskürtmek, sprey); synonyms (n) jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter. püskürtmek spray (sprey); synonyms (n) jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter. pusu wait (bekleme, beklemek); synonyms (v) expect, anticipate, stop, ambush, await, lurk, stay, linger, remain, abide, hesitate, (n) delay, pause, hold, (adj) tarry. pusula compass; synonyms (n) range, scope, area, circle, circumference, extent, reach, room, breadth, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, (adv) beset. put image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) figure, picture, fancy, conception, effigy, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, (v) depict, envision.

R Rab lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator. radar radar; synonyms (n) radiolocation, beacon, monitor. radikal radical; synonyms (adj) extremist, basic, exhaustive, extreme, revolutionary, base, primary, ultra, drastic, primordial, basal, (n) basis, foundation, origin, group; antonyms (adj) conventional, old-fashioned, (n) moderate, conservative, traditionalist. radyasyon radiation; synonyms (n) emanation, emission, irradiation, actinotherapy, beam, dissipation, flash, light, divergence, radiotherapy, spread, (v) radioactivity, plutonium, radium, (adj) radiance. radyo radio; synonyms (n) wireless, broadcasting, radiotelegram, radiocommunication, tuner, television, (v) broadcast, transmit, notify, report. raf 1. shelf; synonyms (n) ledge, rack, bank, flat, projection, board, frame, shallows, stand, support, bench, bracket, breakers, (adj) shallow, 2. rack; synonyms (n) manger, wrack, cage, boot, hob, destruction, (v) torture, excruciate, torment, afflict, agonize, pain, bedevil, crucify, distress. rağbet 1. demand; synonyms (n) claim, request, requirement, requisition, sale, call, (v) ask,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

372

Turkish - English

command, need, require, appeal, beg, charge, expect, involve; antonym (v) supply, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, dash, gush, race, career, conduct, direct, function, go, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive, (adj) stream. rahat 1. ease; synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 2. comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy, agreeable, pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial, pleasurable, rich, enjoyable, commodious, content, contented, (v) snug, calm; antonyms (adj) uncomfortable, poor, formal, tense, unpleasant, intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy, 3. cosy; synonyms (adj) companionable, sociable, clubbable, conversable, (n) cosey, (v) comfortable, 4. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj) convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, lenient, light, clear, casual, comfy, cushy, easygoing, effortless, free, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome, particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, testing, uneasy, 5. rest (dinlenme); synonyms (n) remnant, balance, pause, recess, relaxation, residue, break, quiet, (v) nap, remain, sleep, ease, lie, perch, (adj) remainder; antonym (v) work, 6. peaceful; synonyms (adj) peaceable, even, meek, peace, placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene, tranquil, untroubled, collected, bland; antonyms (adj) aggressive, noisy, violent, 7. peace (barış, huzur); synonyms (n) harmony, serenity, hush, agreement, amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease, order, pacification, silence, truce, armistice; antonyms (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, 8. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, consolation, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, luxury, pleasure, sympathy, (v) cheer, soothe, console, encourage, pity, reassure; antonyms (n) aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. rahatlatıcı comfortable; synonyms (adj) cozy, easy, agreeable, pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial, pleasurable, rich, enjoyable, commodious, content, contented, (v) snug, calm; antonyms (adj) uncomfortable, poor, formal, tense, unpleasant, intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy. rahatlatmak comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. rahatlık 1. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n)

difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 2. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, luxury, pleasure, (v) cheer, soothe, console, encourage, pity, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. rahatsız 1. uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned, nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive, solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj) calm, 2. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, adverse, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n) evil, harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, mischief; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 3. uncomfortable; synonyms (adj) embarrassing, inconvenient, difficult, discomfited, uneasy, cheerless, embarrassed, painful, (v) untoward; antonyms (adj) comfortable, relaxed, comfy, 4. sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, indisposed, weary, invalid, morbid, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, nauseated, upset, (v) unwell, puke, vomit. rahatsızlık 1. discomfort; synonyms (n) pain, uneasiness, annoyance, anxiety, unease, agitation, displeasure, disquiet, distress, hurt, malaise, misery, restlessness, soreness, suffering; antonyms (v) ease, comfort, 2. disturbance; synonyms (n) commotion, disorder, turmoil, brawl, derangement, dislocation, disruption, tumult, upset, din, affray, bother, confusion, perturbation, (adj) trouble, 3. ill; synonyms (adj) bad, sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, adverse, harmful, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, (n) evil, harm, complaint, ailment, mischief; antonyms (adj) healthy, (adv) well, 4. unrest; synonyms (n) ferment, fermentation, revolution, turbulence, excitement, chaos, disturbance, strife; antonyms (n) calm, rest, 5. trouble; synonyms (n) difficulty, fuss, torment, care, concern, harass, (v) inconvenience, annoy, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb, (adj) affliction; antonym (v) please. rahibe sister (hemşire); synonyms (n) nun, nurse, brother, mate, twin, baby, counterpart, double, match, member, pair, pendant, sis. rahip priest (papaz); synonyms (n) clergyman, minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, cleric, parson, pastor, presbyter, chaplain, monk, (adj) divine. rahmet mercy; synonyms (n) clemency, compassion, kindness, favor, pity, charity, forgiveness, grace, humanity, leniency, pardon, benevolence, forbearance, mercifulness, quarter; antonym (n) blame.

rakam 1. number (numara, numaralamak, sayı, saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate, enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 2.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, image, number, dummy, (v) design, cast, cipher. rakip 1. competitor; synonyms (n) rival, antagonist, adversary, candidate, challenger, match, competition, contender, opponent, enemy, aspirant, entrant, contestant, corrival, player, 2. rival; synonyms (adj) competitive, competing, opposed, (n) competitor, emulate, foe, outvie, (v) equal, contest, compete, contend, oppose, compare, meet, surpass; antonyms (adj) allied, (n) ally, friend, partner, 3. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) couple, duplicate, peer, bout, (v) agree, mate, parallel, accord, correspond, harmonise, harmonize, balance, fellow, fit, pair; antonyms (v) clash, contradict. ralli rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting, convention, gathering, (v) banter, gather, muster, congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize. rampa ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise, climb, ascending, elevation, hill, incline, advance, grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination; antonyms (n) descent, fall. randevu 1. appointment (atama); synonyms (n) assignment, date, designation, engagement, fitting, post, rendezvous, berth, conference, election, assignation, commission, encounter, job, meeting, 2. date (tarih); synonyms (n) age, appointment, epoch, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine, register, accompany, court, see, 3. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, commitment, conflict, contract, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, employment, employ, agreement, clash, mesh, (v) action. randıman output (çıktı); synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v) outcome. rapor 1. report; synonyms (n) description, gossip, notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, (v) account, describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact, 2. statement; synonyms (n) declaration, affirmation, announcement, communication, instruction, assertion, command, proposition, enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill, expression, pronouncement; antonym (n) denial. raportör reporter (muhabir); synonyms (n) newsman, commentator, correspondent, journalist, columnist, reviewer, newsperson, newswoman, (v) informant, intelligencer, authority. rasat observation (gözlem); synonyms (n) comment, observance, remark, attention, inspection, notice, contemplation, conception, consideration, perception, reflection, idea, notion, (v) note, heed.

373

rasgele random; synonyms (adj) accidental, aimless, irregular, patchy, fortuitous, arbitrary, casual, indiscriminate, incidental, unplanned, purposeless, (n) haphazard, chance, accident, (adv) helter-skelter; antonym (adj) systematic. raspa rubber (kauçuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize. rastlantı 1. coincidence; synonyms (n) accordance, chance, accident, conjunction, coexistence, concurrence, correspondence, appulse; antonym (n) design, 2. accident (kaza); synonyms (n) casualty, coincidence, crash, fortune, circumstance, contingency, event, fortuity, hap, hazard, incident, luck, smash, catastrophe, destiny. rasyonel rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual, reasonable, intelligent, judicious, logical, sane, mental, just, practical, sagacious, sensible, sober, sound, wise, lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational, illogical, anxious. ray 1. track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) course, path, line, racetrack, road, route, (v) trace, trail, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, dog, follow, footprint, 2. rail; synonyms (n) bar, balustrade, handrail, railing, fence, banister, track, pale, paling, bolt, barrier, rails, (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate. razı willing; synonyms (adj) agreeable, disposed, ready, spontaneous, voluntary, amenable, inclined, prepared, enthusiastic, unforced, consenting, obliging, content, desirous, game; antonyms (adj) unwilling, reluctant. reaksiyon reaction (tepki, tepkime); synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling. reaktör reactor; synonym (n) stator. realist realistic; synonyms (adj) naturalistic, graphic, lifelike, practical, pragmatic, truthful, feasible, actual, hardheaded, sober, attainable, authentic, photographic; antonym (adj) unrealistic. realizm realism; synonyms (n) naturalism, reality, authenticity, fidelity, realness, truth, verisimilitude, accuracy, certainty, closeness, dependability, expediency, faithfulness, reasonableness, sensibleness; antonym (n) idealism. reasürans reassurance; synonyms (n) consolation, encouragement, declaration, guarantee, lift, oath, pledge, promise, protection, sympathy, word, succor; antonym (n) nervousness. reçel 1. jam; synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v) free, 2. preserve; synonyms (v) maintain, keep, defend, guard, hold, save, cure, pickle, protect, uphold, perpetuate, (n) jam, jelly, conserves, marmalade; antonym (v) destroy.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

374

Turkish - English

reçete 1. prescription; synonyms (n) medicine,

refüj refuge (sığınak); synonyms (n) protection,

prescript, drug, formula, direction, order, command, medication, recipe, law, ordination, edict, receipt, (adj) precept, rule, 2. formula (formül); synonyms (n) form, convention, expression, formality, method, principle, canon, fashion, figure, formulary, pattern, prescription, procedure, process, system, 3. recipe; synonyms (n) secret, nostrum, means, answer, amalgamation, basis, batter, blend, capacity, design, dish, explanation, grouping, mixture, normal. reddetme refusal; synonyms (n) declination, denial, negative, no, rebuff, rejection, ban, prohibition, repulse, negation, exclusion, preemption, disobedience, repudiation, resistance; antonym (n) permission. reddetmek 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n) garbage, trash, waste, offal, debris, litter, leavings; antonym (v) accept, 2. reject (geri çevirmek); synonyms (v) refuse, disapprove, discard, eliminate, exclude, abandon, disown, ignore, renounce, repel, repudiate, spurn, eject, jettison, (n) cull; antonyms (v) approve, choose, select, acknowledge, grant. refah 1. welfare; synonyms (n) prosperity, benefit, good, happiness, health, advantage, sake, interest, wellbeing, upbeat, (adv) weal, 2. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) solace, ease, consolation, relief, aid, amenity, assistance, support, alleviation, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, 3. prosperity; synonyms (n) affluence, success, wealth, flourish, fortune, welfare, opulence, abundance, prosperousness, growth, riches, thrift, plenty; antonym (n) poverty, 4. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, rest, leisure, repose, satisfaction, composure, lightness, comfortableness, contentment, (v) relieve, facilitate, relax, appease, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen. referandum referendum; synonyms (n) vote, ballot, election, poll, initiative, plebiscitum, plumper, recall, suffrage, voice. referans reference (ilgi); synonyms (n) citation, mention, quotation, quote, allusion, bearing, connection, recommendation, innuendo, annotation, character, concern, consultation, (v) cite, refer. refika wife (eş, karı); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband. reform reform; synonyms (n) amendment, (v) amend, better, change, correct, rectify, modify, transform, ameliorate, emend, improve, mend, reclaim, regenerate, remodel.

asylum, sanctuary, resort, retreat, safety, cover, haven, shelter, harbor, hideaway, hideout, covert, (v) recourse, haunt. regl period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) age, dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, interval, length, menstruation, stage, time. regresyon regression; synonyms (n) regress, lapse, setback, degeneration, deterioration, decay, relapse, retreat, retrogression, reverse, reversion, fixation. rehabilitasyon rehabilitation; synonyms (n) reclamation, reinstatement, renewal, repair, replacement, improvement, redress, refilling, reformation, treatment, analysis, cure, healing, physiotherapy, psychoanalysis. rehber 1. guide (kılavuz); synonyms (n) escort, directory, attendant, control, usher, chief, (v) direct, conduct, govern, drive, channel, bring, advise, cicerone, convey; antonym (v) follow, 2. directory; synonyms (n) catalogue, file, list, record, handbook, roll, catalog, guide, listing, register, 3. pilot (pilot); synonyms (n) leader, aviator, captain, airman, cowcatcher, flier, (v) manage, lead, director, fly, navigate, show, steer, (adj) experimental, trial. rehberlik 1. lead; synonyms (v) head, guide, conduct, contribute, direct, chair, conduce, control, go, govern, bring, convey, give, (n) clue, advantage; antonym (v) follow, 2. guidance (yol gösterme); synonyms (n) direction, government, advice, administration, counsel, lead, instruction, recommendation, regulation, care, education, command, counselling, (v) management, charge. rehin 1. security (güvenlik); synonyms (n) pledge, protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 2. mortgage (ipotek); synonyms (n) gage, plight, warranty, credit, loan, (v) pawn, impawn. reis 1. chief (ana, baş); synonyms (adj) head, principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential, first, main, (n) administrator, boss, captain, executive, leader, paramount; antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 2. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, front, point, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, chair, brain, commander, director, end, (v) direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v) follow, 3. chairman (başkan); synonyms (n) chairperson, chairwoman, president, administration, gig, introducer, monitor, prexy, professorship, spokesman. rejim 1. regime; synonyms (n) administration, government, dynasty, management, regimen, reign, rule, authorities, plan, 2. diet; synonyms (n) congress, convocation, council, convention, nurture, food, assembly, dieting, fare, nourishment,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English sustenance, synod, cockpit, fast; antonyms (v) binge, (adj) fattening. rekabet competition; synonyms (n) contest, rivalry, bout, competitor, contention, game, match, race, rival, combat, battle, conflict, contender, emulation, event; antonym (n) cooperation. reklam 1. advertisement (ilan); synonyms (n) announcement, declaration, ad, advert, advertising, bill, circular, notice, publication, advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster, 2. ad; synonyms (n) advertisement, clip, preview, promo, sketch, billboard, infomercial, publicizing, spin, trailer, (v) manifesto, 3. publicity (propaganda); synonyms (n) promotion, notoriety, propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure. reklâm advertisement (ilan, reklam); synonyms (n) announcement, declaration, ad, advert, advertising, bill, circular, notice, publication, advertizement, advertizing, placard, poster. reklamcılık advertising; synonyms (n) ad, advert, advertisement, advertizement, advertizing, promotion, propaganda, publicity, exposure, buildup, hype, publicizing, puff, ballyhoo, ballyhooing.

rekor record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe. rektör 1. chancellor; synonyms (n) premier, consul, lieutenant, magistrate, proconsul, syndic, judge, justice, official, prefect, 2. president (başkan); synonyms (n) chairman, chief, chair, chairperson, chairwoman, leader, boss, head, principal, speaker, emperor, imperator, king, majesty. rende plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush. rendelemek plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush. renk colour; synonyms (n) coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) color, discolor, discolour, distort, tinge. renklendirmek colour (renk); synonyms (n) coloration, coloring, colouring, semblance, vividness, (v) color, discolor, discolour, distort, tinge. renkli 1. coloured; synonyms (adj) biased, black, colorful, dyed, blue, aslant, aslope, benighted, bleached, closed, dark, slanted, depressing, diagonal, disconsolate, 2. colourful; synonym (adj) coloured. renksiz dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, (v) deaden, dampen;

375

antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, highpitched, intense, luminous. repertuar repertoire; synonym (n) repertory. reprodüksiyon reproduction; synonyms (n) replica, propagation, duplicate, breeding, copy, generation, copying, facsimile, procreation, replication, reappearance, image, duplication, (adj) fake, imitation; antonym (adj) genuine. resepsiyon reception (alma, kabul); synonyms (n) receipt, acceptance, admission, entertainment, greeting, party, receiving, adoption, getting, salutation, acceptation, comprehension, admittance, inclusion, (adj) soiree. resim 1. picture (görüntü, tablo); synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing, likeness, depiction, description, (v) image, describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, 2. image (görüntü); synonyms (n) figure, picture, conception, form, idea, impression, resemblance, design, double, epitome, icon, idol, imagination, diagram, apprehension, 3. painting; synonyms (n) portrait, coat, art, 4. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, number, dummy, (v) cast, count, calculate, cipher, 5. drawing (çizim); synonyms (n) draft, drafting, delineation, plan, cartoon, draftsmanship, draught, painting, chart, illustration, lottery, outline, representation, traction, 6. illustration; synonyms (n) example, case, exemplification, instance, demonstration, explanation, model, sample, exemplar, sketch, exposition, portrayal, comparison, representative, table. resimlemek illustrate; synonyms (v) elucidate, explain, demonstrate, depict, describe, explicate, clarify, adorn, cite, decorate, embellish, expound, represent, show, (adj) exemplify. reşitlik majority (çoğunluk); synonyms (n) bulk, age, plurality, body, mass, maturity, preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority. resmen officially; synonyms (adv) formally, apparently, evidently, lawfully, legally, ostensibly, outwardly, strictly, theoretically, exactly, legitimately, precisely, properly; antonym (adv) unofficially. resmetmek 1. draw (çekmek, çizmek); synonyms (v) attract, drag, delineate, pull, depict, derive, describe, design, tie, bring, charm, haul, (n) allure, attraction, draft; antonyms (v) push, repel, 2. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, image, (v) cast, count, calculate, cipher. resmi 1. formal (biçimsel); synonyms (adj) conventional, ceremonious, distant, ceremonial,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

376

Turkish - English

courtly, elegant, official, prim, solemn, stately, cold, nominal, pedantic, precise, proper; antonyms (adj) informal, relaxed, unceremonious, 2. official; synonyms (adj) formal, functional, regular, sanctioned, magisterial, authorized, (n) officer, minister, bureaucrat, executive, functionary, administrator, (v) authoritative, administrative, authentic; antonyms (adj) unofficial, private, illegal. resmiyet ceremony (tören); synonyms (n) formality, courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence, observance, ritual, service. ressam 1. artist; synonyms (n) actor, artificer, master, player, musician, performer, artisan, creator, entertainer, maker, architect, stylist, 2. painter; synonyms (n) artist, limner, cable, catamount, cougar, guy, halser, hawser, line. ressamlık painting (resim); synonyms (n) picture, portrait, likeness, depiction, icon, design, image, coat, drawing, art. restoran restaurant (lokanta); synonyms (n) cafeteria, canteen, bistro, coffeehouse, buffet, cafe, refectory, café, nightclub. restorasyon restoration; synonyms (n) restitution, reinstatement, renewal, renovation, restore, revival, regaining, repair, return, rejuvenation, recession, recuperation, reform, regeneration, (v) amends; antonyms (n) confiscation, reduction. ret 1. refusal; synonyms (n) declination, denial, negative, no, rebuff, rejection, ban, prohibition, repulse, negation, exclusion, preemption, disobedience, repudiation, resistance; antonym (n) permission, 2. rejection; synonyms (n) dismissal, refusal, abandonment, renunciation, exception, disavowal, censure, defection, desertion, effusion, ejection, abjuration, disclaimer, rebuttal, snub; antonyms (n) acceptance, approval. reverans bow; synonyms (n) arc, curve, obeisance, turn, curvature, (v) bend, arch, stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer. rezalet 1. scandal (skandal); synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy, opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor, 2. outrage; synonyms (n) affront, atrocity, indignity, anger, enormity, injury, contumely, force, crime, (v) insult, offend, violate, desecrate, horrify, (adj) abuse, 3. scene; synonyms (n) aspect, view, background, display, environment, outlook, panorama, picture, spectacle, lookout, perspective, act, appearance, look, (v) prospect. rezerv reserve (ayırmak); synonyms (n) backup, modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness, informality, warmth.

rezervasyon 1. reservation; synonyms (n) reserve, limitation, booking, condition, qualification, modesty, exception, constraint, order, doubt, misgiving, query, saving, uncertainty; antonym (n) certainty, 2. booking; synonyms (n) reservation, entry, employment, appointment, battle, betrothal, engagement, renting, conflict, date, fight, interlocking, involution, involvement, mesh. rezistans resistance; synonyms (n) opposition, endurance, friction, immunity, impedance, obstacle, renitency, confrontation, reluctance, stamina, dissent, backlash, (v) rebellion, interference, mutiny; antonyms (n) smoothness, agreement, obedience, susceptibility. riayet respect; synonyms (n) honor, esteem, homage, worship, heed, notice, account, consideration, deference, (v) regard, observe, admire, appreciate, estimation, keep; antonyms (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, (v) disrespect, scorn, despise, dishonor, disregard, humiliate. rica 1. request (istek); synonyms (n) petition, bid, prayer, application, claim, (v) demand, ask, invite, order, pray, appeal, beg, call, desire, entreat; antonym (v) command, 2. plea; synonyms (n) defense, justification, answer, apology, pretext, allegation, entreaty, excuse, argument, alibi, advocacy, explanation, pretense, pretension, request, 3. petition; synonyms (n) invocation, asking, address, plea, supplication, orison, grace, (v) crave, apply, sue, beseech, plead, implore, invoke, seek. rıhtım dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, (v) clip, cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock. ring ring (halka, yüzük); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird. risale tract; synonyms (n) area, essay, expanse, pamphlet, region, dissertation, district, extent, section, lot, plot, domain, land, province, belt. risk 1. risk; synonyms (n) hazard, peril, chance, danger, gamble, jeopardy, adventure, bet, venture, (v) endanger, wager, dare, imperil, jeopardize, stake; antonyms (n) safety, (v) protect, 2. hazard (tehlike); synonyms (n) risk, fortune, accident, difficulty, insecurity, lot, luck, threat, fate, (v) menace, undertake, expose, guess, pawn, compromise, 3. venture; synonyms (n) attempt, speculation, enterprise, try, effort, experiment, undertaking, business, surmise, aim, bid, (v) presume, speculate, brave, jeopard. riskli risky; synonyms (adj) dangerous, hazardous, chancy, insecure, perilous, unsafe, daring, dodgy, precarious, uncertain, venturesome, audacious, adventurous, critical, awkward; antonym (adj) safe.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

377

ritim rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter,

romantik romantic; synonyms (adj) sentimental,

beat, pulse, cycle, tempo, rhyme, metre, melody, strain, swing, accent, assonance, crambo. ritm rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter, beat, pulse, cycle, tempo, rhyme, metre, melody, strain, swing, accent, assonance, crambo. ritmik rhythmic; synonyms (adj) periodic, rhythmical, cyclic, regular, graceful, hypnotic, intermittent, mesmerizing, musical, recurring, smooth, spellbinding, steady, cyclical, fascinating. rivayet story; synonyms (n) layer, history, account, narration, narrative, recital, report, tale, fable, falsehood, fib, floor, legend, level, novel; antonym (n) truth. rıza 1. consent; synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence, consensus, agreement, approval, approbation, compliance, (v) assent, agree, approve, concur, accede, accept, acquiesce, (adj) allow; antonyms (n) opposition, refusal, (v) disagree, refuse, veto, 2. compliance; synonyms (n) observance, accordance, complaisance, consent, obedience, compliancy, deference, submission, flexibility, yielding, acceptance, conformation, conformity, meekness, performance; antonyms (n) disobedience, stubbornness, nonconformity. riziko risk (risk); synonyms (n) hazard, peril, chance, danger, gamble, jeopardy, adventure, bet, venture, (v) endanger, wager, dare, imperil, jeopardize, stake; antonyms (n) safety, (v) protect. rizikolu risky; synonyms (adj) dangerous, hazardous, chancy, insecure, perilous, unsafe, daring, dodgy, precarious, uncertain, venturesome, audacious, adventurous, critical, awkward; antonym (adj) safe. roket rocket; synonyms (n) missile, bomb, bullet, projectile, arugula, brickbat, carcass, grenade, (v) soar, rise, skyrocket, zoom; antonyms (v) plummet, dawdle. rol 1. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article, character, component, cut, division, portion, section, share, (v) branch, break, disjoin, divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 2. role; synonyms (n) part, function, position, place, job, persona, post, purpose, use, guise, (v) office, duty. rölyef relief; synonyms (n) comfort, aid, consolation, ease, help, relaxation, release, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation, encouragement, redress, rest, (v) assistance. roman novel (yeni); synonyms (n) fiction, romance, book, (adj) new, curious, fresh, modern, different, unprecedented, original, newfangled, recent, strange, unfamiliar, unique; antonym (adj) old. romans romance; synonyms (n) fiction, novel, story, intrigue, affair, fable, romanticism, tale, vagary, (v) court, flirt, exaggerate, woo, coquet, coquette.

amorous, impractical, fanciful, romanticist, unrealistic, utopian, amatory, fictitious, loving, poetic, tender, idealistic, (n) visionary, idealist; antonym (n) realist. Rönesans renaissance; synonyms (n) rebirth, revival, renascence, renewal, instauration, conversion, metempsychosis, reincarnation, reappearance, rejuvenation, repair, revitalization. röportaj interview; synonyms (n) conference, consultation, audience, conversation, hearing, examination, appointment, discussion, meeting, parley, (v) question, interrogate, talk, encounter. rota 1. route (yol); synonyms (n) course, path, road, direction, passage, avenue, channel, circuit, highway, itinerary, line, track, way, lane, (v) direct, 2. course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current, route, class, method, race, approach, (v) run, chase, pour, aim, (prep) tide, 3. lane; synonyms (n) alley, aisle, artery, passageway, pathway, street, trail, walk, stroll. rotasyon rotation (dönme); synonyms (n) revolution, gyration, roll, round, turn, circulation, curl, cycle, wheel, orbit, sequence, bout. ruh 1. soul; synonyms (n) man, creature, ghost, heart, human, individual, mind, person, personification, being, essence, life, mortal, psyche, (adj) core, 2. spirit; synonyms (n) apparition, courage, mood, bravery, character, disposition, energy, enthusiasm, phantom, soul, fortitude, dash, esprit, feeling, (adj) animation; antonyms (n) lethargy, body, 3. essence; synonyms (n) entity, aroma, crux, gist, perfume, hypostasis, burden, extract, fragrance, kernel, nub, odor, root, scent, spirit, 4. ghost (hayalet, hortlak); synonyms (n) shade, spectre, spook, appearance, manes, suggestion, shadow, touch, trace, vision, wraith, author, (v) specter, ghostwrite, haunt, 5. extract; synonyms (n) excerpt, juice, quotation, quote, citation, (v) draw, abstract, derive, educe, elicit, distill, express, get, extort, cull, 6. shade (gölge, gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) screen, tinge, color, hue, blind, cloud, conceal, darkness, dye, nuance, (v) darken, tint, cover, obscure, overshadow; antonyms (n) light, brightness. ruhani spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy, immaterial, religious, incorporeal, pious, divine, ethereal, mental, psychic, metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural, unworldly; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly. ruhbilim psychology (psikoloji); synonyms (n) psychics, mentality, animastic, metaphysics, ontology. ruhbilimci psychologist; synonym (n) psychologue. ruhsal spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy, immaterial, religious, incorporeal, pious, divine,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

378

Turkish - English

ethereal, mental, psychic, metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural, unworldly; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly. ruhsat 1. licence (lisans); synonyms (v) license, certify, endorse, evidence, attest, demonstrate, indorse, manifest, 2. concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent, (v) boon, 3. permission (izin); synonyms (n) consent, permit, approval, authority, leave, liberty, licence, authorization, dispensation, pass, sanction, approbation, concession, acquiescence, endorsement; antonym (n) refusal, 4. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, lay, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come, 5. permit (izin, izin vermek); synonyms (v) allow, give, admit, let, bear, endure, have, agree, legalize, enable, suffer, tolerate, warrant, approve, authorize; antonyms (v) forbid, ban, prevent, prohibit, stop, 6. certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, credentials, document, testimonial, authentication, deed, docket, bill, award, coupon, guarantee, paper, 7. warrant; synonyms (n) vouch, security, certificate, commission, pledge, support, justification, mandate, (v) assure, justify, ensure, empower, warranty, promise, insure. rulo roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. rüşt majority (çoğunluk); synonyms (n) bulk, age, plurality, body, mass, maturity, preponderance, adolescence; antonym (n) minority. rüşvet corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness. rüşvetçilik corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness. rütbe 1. grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, place, rank, degree, order, brand, category, gradient, score, form, group, quality, (v) level, classify, evaluate, 2. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, file, gradation, line, rate, post, arrangement, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, (v) arrange, grade, position, array, estimate; antonym (adj) fresh, 3. degree (derece);

synonyms (n) extent, condition, title, caliber, status, amount, caste, height, measure, plane, point, scale, stage, deal, standing, 4. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, sort, charge, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, kind, genus, (v) direct, commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 5. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) seat, base, depot, office, spot, dignity, job, quarter, (v) locate, stand, lay, put, set, site, establish. rutin routine; synonyms (n) round, habit, method, procedure, process, act, custom, (adj) everyday, ordinary, regular, common, customary, habitual, mundane, normal; antonym (adj) unusual. rutubet 1. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, muggy, clammy, cool, dank, humid, (v) break, check, chill, deaden, benumb, (n) wet, dampness, moisture, clamminess; antonyms (adj) dry, (n) dryness, 2. moisture; synonyms (n) humidity, damp, moistness, vapor, 3. wet (ıslak, ıslatmak); synonyms (adj) drenched, soaked, sodden, rainy, saturated, soggy, watery, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, douse, irrigate, drench, bedew; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched. rutubetli 1. moist (nemli); synonyms (adj) humid, damp, wet, clammy, dank, muggy, dampish, soggy, wettish, juicy, sodden, sticky, watery, dripping, marshy; antonym (adj) dry, 2. damp; synonyms (adj) moist, cool, (v) break, check, chill, deaden, benumb, cut, dampen, depress, discourage, dishearten, (n) dampness, moisture, clamminess; antonym (n) dryness. rüya dream; synonyms (n) daydream, aspiration, ambition, vision, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare, reverie, sleep, coma, trance, notion, (v) imagine, muse; antonym (n) reality. Rüzgar wind (sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave. rüzgâr wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave.

S saadet happiness (mutluluk); synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment, blessedness, bliss, cheerfulness, contentment, ecstasy, felicity, gladness, luck, merriment, welfare, beatitude, joy, rapture; antonyms (n) unhappiness, sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction. saat 1. hour; synonyms (n) epoch, time, hr, moment, nonce, crisis, day, minute, lifetime, month, quarter, quinquennium, week, year, opportunity, 2. clock; synonyms (n) alarm, chronograph, knock, whack,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English punch, thump, face, heart, (v) measure, stopwatch, attack, count, inspect, note, notice, 3. time (süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, period, duration, era, season, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo, sentence, beat, occasion, course; antonym (n) death,

4. o'clock, 5. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance. sabah morning; synonyms (n) dawn, daybreak, sunrise, daylight, forenoon, morn, aurora, cockcrow, dawning, dayspring, sunup; antonym (n) dusk. sabık 1. late (geç); synonyms (adj) former, dead, deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern, slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh, backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual, 2. former (eski, önceki); synonyms (adv) before, (adj) antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, foregoing, previous, prior, original, past, preceding, foremost, primary, ancient, (n) predecessor; antonym (adj) future, 3. past (geçmiş); synonyms (adj) beyond, old, back, gone, over, preterit, late, erstwhile, olden, ago, (n) history, yesterday, (adv) by, aside, (prf) along; antonyms (adj) contemporary, current, (prep) within, (n) present, prospect. sabır patience; synonyms (n) endurance, forbearance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, resignation, tolerance, restraint, composure, persistence, solitaire, sufferance, indulgence, (v) moderation, calmness; antonym (n) impatience. sabırlı patient; synonyms (adj) invalid, forbearing, passive, calm, enduring, resigned, tolerant, uncomplaining, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent, considerate, indefatigable; antonym (adj) impatient. sabırsız 1. eager; synonyms (adj) avid, desirous, ardent, earnest, agog, acute, ambitious, enthusiastic, keen, zealous, industrious, studious, active, burning, craving; antonyms (adj) indifferent, apathetic, disinterested, unconcerned, 2. impatient; synonyms (adj) eager, hasty, anxious, petulant, fidgety, edgy, quick, impetuous, irritable, restive, restless, testy, uneasy, weary, cross; antonyms (adj) patient, enduring. sabit 1. constant (değişmez); synonyms (adj) ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, steady, continual, abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal, faithful, frequent, loyal, resolute, (n) invariable; antonyms (adj) changeable, intermittent, irregular, sporadic, variable, episodic, erratic, inconstant, disloyal, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, temporary, unreliable, 2. fixed (değişmez); synonyms (adj) determined, definite, constant, durable, certain, decided, determinate, established, fast, fastened, intent, permanent, rigid, (v) stable, (adv) firm; antonyms (adj) flexible, adaptable, adjustable,

379

movable, separate, compliant, loose, moveable, portable, removable, 3. steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, fixed, cool, sedate, settled, smooth, solid, staid, composed, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace, quiet; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, 4. settled; synonyms (adj) set, defined, formed, confirmed, finished, standing, done, peaceful, assured, lasting, sober, stated, colonized, occupied, ordinary; antonym (adj) uninhabited, 5. established; synonyms (v) commonplace, (adj) conventional, accepted, accomplished, customary, effected, orthodox, completed, constituted, official, recognized, unwavering, accustomed, arranged, habitual; antonym (adj) unproven, 6. permanent (kalıcı); synonyms (adj) everlasting, perennial, enduring, immutable, indelible, continuing, immortal, stationary, unchangeable, undying, ineffaceable, irrevocable, persistent, (n) perm, (v) immovable; antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 7. firm; synonyms (n) company, business, (adj) hard, close, compact, strong, decisive, dense, stiff, stubborn, sturdy, adamant, crisp, inflexible, (adv) firmly; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 8. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, agile, debauched, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, express, (adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 9. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, congeal, (n) class, bent, circle, lot; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, 10. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post, (n) rank, fame, importance, prestige, reputation, footing, attitude, repute, status, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance, stagnant, 11. stable; synonyms (adj) reliable, sound, immobile, responsible, equable, safe, static, stout, tight, uniform, tranquil, dependable, still, substantial, (v) stall; antonyms (adj) unstable, dangerous, precarious, rickety, volatile, 12. substantive; synonyms (adj) real, essential, meaty, significant, material, actual, crucial, hearty, indispensable, satisfying, (n) noun, name, reality, (v) substantivize. sabun soap; synonyms (n) cleanser, run, (v) lather, bribe, grease, oil, wheedle, cajole, bathe, clean, flog, inveigle, lash, (adj) episodic, maudlin. sabunlamak soap (sabun); synonyms (n) cleanser, run, (v) lather, bribe, grease, oil, wheedle, cajole, bathe, clean, flog, inveigle, lash, (adj) episodic, maudlin. saç hair; synonyms (n) fuzz, coat, down, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile, coiffure, (adj) brush, clipping, driblet.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

380

Turkish - English

saçak 1. fringe; synonyms (n) brim, brink, edge, boundary, periphery, rim, bound, perimeter, frame, circumference, (v) border, hem, skirt, verge, (adj) feather, 2. canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor. saçma 1. absurd (anlamsız); synonyms (adj) foolish, preposterous, ridiculous, unreasonable, irrational, crazy, derisory, illogical, incredible, inept, ludicrous, meaningless, nonsensical, outrageous, senseless; antonym (adj) sensible, 2. foolish (akılsız); synonyms (adj) childish, fool, daft, dopey, dull, dumb, fatuous, silly, stupid, unwise, anserine, dopy, dotty, idiotic, (n) absurd; antonyms (adj) wise, prudent, shrewd, visionary, 3. bull (boğa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder, 4. irrational; synonyms (adj) inconsistent, blind, imprudent, unsound, insane, thoughtless, surd, deranged, incongruous, (adv) beastly; antonyms (adj) rational, logical, 5. nonsense; synonyms (n) gibberish, balderdash, baloney, drivel, folderol, foolishness, humbug, claptrap, falderal, folly, hooey, jargon, rigmarole, cobblers, (v) stuff; antonym (n) sense, 6. ridiculous; synonyms (adj) funny, laughable, comical, farcical, inane, amusing, comic, droll, grotesque, humorous, extravagant, injudicious, pathetic, burlesque, facetious; antonyms (adj) inspiring, reasonable, 7. rubbish; synonyms (n) refuse, garbage, litter, nonsense, trash, junk, offal, debris, trumpery, waste, dirt, rubble, bull, codswallop, (adj) bosh, 8. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bang, bullet, chance, discharge, effort, endeavor. saçmalamak gas (benzin, gaz); synonyms (n) gasoline, petrol, air, fumes, accelerator, flatulence, petroleum, oil, gasolene, vapor, (v) fuel, brag, vaunt, blague, blow. sadaka charity; synonyms (n) bounty, dole, favor, aid, generosity, kindness, liberality, mercy, virtue, clemency, compassion, gift, pity, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms (n) miserliness, intolerance. sadakat 1. loyalty; synonyms (n) allegiance, faith, devotion, honesty, dedication, faithfulness, fealty, fidelity, commitment, integrity, attachment, constancy, homage, belief, reality; antonym (n) disloyalty, 2. faith (güven); synonyms (n) confidence, conviction, trust, credence, credit, assurance, creed, cult, dependence, expectation, hope, piety, reliance, religion, church; antonym (n) unbelief, 3. allegiance; synonyms (n) loyalty, duty; antonym (n) sedition. sade 1. stark; synonyms (adj) austere, bare, bleak, desolate, mere, plain, severe, simple, bald, positive,

absolute, barren, harsh, sheer, naked, 2. plain (açık, düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, clear, downright, easy, evident, homely, humble, level, manifest, obvious, perspicuous, (n) flat; antonyms (adj) elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, two-colored, 3. simple (basit); synonyms (adj) pure, elementary, innocent, natural, rustic, honest, chaste, childish, childlike, foolish, ingenuous, light, modest, naive, (n) shallow; antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound, difficult, multiple, obscure, confusing, cunning, multifaceted, problematical, sophisticated, 4. severe; synonyms (adj) rigid, biting, hard, inclement, rigorous, rough, arduous, bad, cutting, grim, heavy, intense, serious, strict, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) gentle, mild, lenient, slight, lax. sadece 1. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) alone, but, exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however, (adj) exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole, all, 2. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, (adj) fair, right, correct, equitable, accurate, honest, impartial, fit, good, reasonable, righteous, upright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, wrong, 3. simply; synonyms (adv) only, directly, absolutely, easily, plainly, purely, plain, honestly, manifestly, obviously, openly, clearly, sincerely, solely, straightforwardly; antonym (adv) elaborately, 4. exclusively; synonyms (adv) completely, specially, wholly, totally, 5. merely, 6. solely; synonym (adj) singly. sadelik simplicity (basitlik); synonyms (n) innocence, ease, easiness, plainness, simpleness, clarity, artlessness, austerity, gullibility, severity, ignorance, frankness, rusticity, informality, (adj) inexperience; antonyms (n) difficulty, complexity, ambiguity. sadık 1. constant (değişmez, sabit); synonyms (adj) ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, steady, continual, abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal, faithful, frequent, loyal, resolute, (n) invariable; antonyms (adj) changeable, intermittent, irregular, sporadic, variable, episodic, erratic, inconstant, disloyal, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, temporary, unreliable, 2. faithful; synonyms (adj) authentic, correct, close, constant, exact, dependable, devoted, sound, true, unfailing, devout, dutiful, fast, honest, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, inaccurate, unfaithful, 3. devoted; synonyms (adj) addicted, affectionate, ardent, consecrated, fond, pious, committed, eager, enthusiastic, keen, loving, passionate, reliable, religious, (prep) dedicated; antonyms (adj) uncommitted, indifferent, 4. loyal; synonyms (adj) unwavering, obedient, liege, observant, patriotic, responsible, staunch, steadfast, trustworthy, trusty, (v) firm, stanch, 5. true

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, right, even, straight, truthful, direct, sincere, factual, literal, precise, proper, veritable, (v) square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue. saf 1. pure (arı); synonyms (adj) just, absolute, genuine, natural, artless, clean, clear, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, (n) chaste; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted, dishonored, tainted, wicked, 2. clean (temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep, wash, decontaminate; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute, 3. absolute (mutlak, tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional, categorical, real, unqualified, utter, actual, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, conclusive, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 4. fine (güzel, ince, iyi); synonyms (adj) delicate, agreeable, dainty, brave, capital, elegant, excellent, nice, thin, delightful, acute, admirable, alright, (n) penalty, (v) punish; antonyms (adj) poor, thick, coarse, substantial, unsatisfactory, wide, 5. naive; synonyms (adj) inexperienced, unsophisticated, green, gullible, ignorant, ingenuous, naif, simple, callow, inartificial, candid, childlike, credulous, frank, unaffected; antonyms (adj) sophisticated, experienced, astute, cunning, mature, worldly, sly, 6. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) open, apparent, distinct, empty, light, plain, blameless, (v) bright, acquit, free, net, absolve, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 7. innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless, innocuous, guiltless, naive, spotless, innoxious, inoffensive, unconscious, unsuspecting, virgin, virtuous, holy, honest, (n) child, baby; antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, 8. array (dizi); synonyms (n) arrangement, line, garment, (v) attire, dress, adorn, apparel, arrange, clothe, deck, display, garb, range, ornament, align; antonym (v) disarray, 9. genuine; synonyms (adj) authentic, sincere, true, faithful, factual, hearty, unfeigned, very, accurate, earnest, intrinsic, legitimate, literal, native, original; antonyms (adj) bogus, fake, insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false, pretend, hypocritical, replica, 10. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) place, file, gradation, degree, quality, rate, post, (adj) putrid, (v) order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group, 11. simple (basit); synonyms (adj) homely, elementary, humble, rustic, bare, childish, easy, foolish, modest, sheer, rude,

381

austere, common, (n) shallow, silly; antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, ornate, multifaceted, problematical. safha 1. phase (evre, faz); synonyms (n) aspect, stage, facet, chapter, grade, circumstance, condition, degree, appearance, form, leg, level, period, side, situation, 2. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) phase, floor, point, arena, layer, gradation, set, stadium, height, dais, (v) present, order, mount, play, arrange. saflık 1. purity (arılık); synonyms (n) innocence, holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor, virtue, perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity, elegance, integrity, blamelessness, clarity, simplicity; antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt, 2. innocence; synonyms (n) ignorance, artlessness, gullibility, ingenuousness, purity, innocency, sinlessness, candor, frankness, honour; antonym (n) sophistication. safra 1. bile; synonyms (n) anger, gall, ebullition, ferment, fume, pucker, fury, indignation, rage, malice, antipathy, bitterness, colera, dislike, hatred, 2. gall; synonyms (n) cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony, cheekiness, crust, freshness, grate, impertinence, impudence, (v) annoy, chafe, fret, irk, irritate. sağ 1. right (doğru); synonyms (adj) correct, appropriate, due, just, proper, decent, good, even, perfect, accurate, exact, fair, faithful, fit, (n) privilege; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unjustified, immoral, incorrect, (n) left, (v) wrong, 2. alive (canlı); synonyms (adj) active, live, living, sensible, vivacious, animated, lively, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, animate, awake, extant; antonyms (adj) dead, deceased, inanimate, 3. living (canlı); synonyms (adj) alive, fresh, quick, vital, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice, existence, keep, maintenance, subsistence, support; antonym (n) death. sağanak shower (duş); synonyms (n) rain, drizzle, barrage, rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour, bathe, hail, sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter, spray. sağır deaf; synonyms (adj) earless, blind, indifferent, unhearing, aspirated, atonic, deve, inattentive, oblivious, regardless, surd, thoughtless, unaware, unconcerned, (v) deafen; antonym (adj) hearing. sağlam 1. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 2. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 3.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

382

Turkish - English

sure; synonyms (adj) reliable, secure, indisputable, dependable, assured, definite, infallible, positive, bound, absolute, decisive, fixed, (adv) certainly, (v) steady, convinced; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 4. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, blow, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, sane, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 5. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, massive, substantial, hearty, heavy, material, potent, rigid, sturdy, thick; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid, 6. steady; synonyms (adj) even, constant, continual, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, continuous, determined, (v) steadfast, calm, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, 7. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, agile, debauched, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, dissipated, durable, expeditious, (adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 8. firm; synonyms (n) company, business, (adj) solid, stiff, stubborn, enduring, adamant, crisp, decided, established, inflexible, loyal, obstinate, (v) faithful, (adv) firmly; antonyms (adj) irresolute, weak, limp, soggy, 9. healthy; synonyms (adj) healthful, hale, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial, sound, whole, abundant, nutritious, active, flourishing, hygienic, lusty, tough, vigorous; antonyms (adj) unhealthy, harmful, unwell, unfit, dependent, fattening, infected, soporific, unwholesome, 10. strong; synonyms (adj) intense, powerful, deep, cogent, forcible, influential, fierce, athletic, energetic, forceful, high, loud, muscular, persuasive, severe; antonyms (adj) bland, delicate, faint, feeble, frail, mild, pale, slight, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted, flimsy, imperceptible, 11. tough; synonyms (adj) difficult, tenacious, arduous, hardy, laborious, rugged, stout, rough, leathery, demanding, harsh, (n) bully, rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan; antonyms (adj) tender, easy, lightweight, simple, 12. safe; synonyms (adj) cautious, harmless, innocuous, correct, innocent, inoffensive, sure, unscathed, protected, chary, discreet, prudent, (n) closet, coffer, strongbox; antonyms (adj) dangerous, hurt, risky, unprotected, reckless, 13. valid (Geçerli); synonyms (adj) legal, genuine, authentic, legitimate, rightful, true, effectual, lawful, competent, confirmed, adequate, convincing, logical, satisfactory, sufficient; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, invalid, annulled, bogus, 14. substantial (önemli); synonyms (adj) actual, considerable, important, palpable, significant, essential, momentous, concrete, ample, big, corporeal, grave, hefty, large, satisfying; antonyms (adj) insignificant, insubstantial, small,

ethereal, worthless, 15. robust; synonyms (adj) brawny, mighty, masculine, rich, stalwart, strapping, robustious, able-bodied, bulky, manly, handsome, burly, resilient, (n) iron, stanch; antonym (adj) fragile. sağlama 1. provision (hüküm); synonyms (n) arrangement, condition, clause, proviso, stock, article, board, requirement, stipulation, store, maintenance, (v) preparation, feed, cater, supply; antonym (n) lack, 2. proof (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, demonstration, probation, argument, authentication, evidence, sign, substantiation, validation, verification, experiment, indication, essay, criterion, establishment. sağlamak 1. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 2. provide; synonyms (v) give, contribute, furnish, offer, accommodate, administer, afford, cater, equip, supply, allow, fit, endow, outfit, nourish, 3. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, issue, fund, (v) stock, fill, store, feed, provide, deliver, produce, supplement, add, gratify, render, 4. obtain; synonyms (v) gain, get, have, achieve, earn, accomplish, derive, effect, buy, collect, extract, find, gather, make, prevail, 5. ensure; synonyms (v) cover, ascertain, check, guarantee, insure, secure, control, determine, promise, safeguard, see, warrant, 6. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, let, compel, constitute, design, drive, erect, execute, (n) form; antonym (v) destroy. sağlamlaştırma consolidation; synonyms (n) amalgamation, unification, combination, fortification, union, condensation, joinder, coalition, integration. sağlamlaştırmak 1. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, (adj) safe, firm, certain, confident, attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe, 2. reinforce; synonyms (v) bolster, intensify, enhance, buttress, consolidate, fortify, support, enforce, harden, recruit, reenforce, strengthen, amplify, increase, assist; antonym (v) weaken. sağlamlık 1. validity (geçerlik); synonyms (n) force, truth, authority, legitimacy, soundness, certainty, cogency, effect, power, effectiveness, reality, authenticity, vigor, credibility, hardness, 2. stability (denge); synonyms (n) constancy, durability, firmness, permanence, poise, equilibrium, solidity, balance, stableness, strength, endurance, immovability, fixedness, resistance, steadiness; antonym (n) instability, 3. substance; synonyms (n) essence, body, import, material,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English matter, meaning, significance, subject, amount, core, gist, means, quintessence, implication, spirit; antonym (n) triviality. sağlık 1. fitness; synonyms (n) ability, adequacy, appropriateness, aptness, capability, propriety, correspondence, competence, competency, convenience, correctness, fittingness, health, qualification, congruity; antonyms (n) unsuitability, inability, unfitness, 2. health; synonyms (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, salubrity, shape, good, safety, security, bail, comfort, crankness, (v) cure, 3. welfare (refah); synonyms (n) prosperity, benefit, happiness, advantage, sake, interest, wellbeing, upbeat, (adv) weal. sağlıklı 1. healthy; synonyms (adj) healthful, fit, good, hale, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial, hearty, sound, well, whole, sane, abundant, nutritious, active; antonyms (adj) unhealthy, harmful, unwell, unfit, dependent, fattening, infected, soporific, unwholesome, weak, 2. sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, blow, chirp, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, just, rational, right, sensible, robust; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. sağmak milk (süt); synonyms (v) exploit, squeeze, drain, tap, anodyne, balm, bleed, (adj) albumen, chalk, glair, gluten. saha 1. field (alan, tarla); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere, 2. ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt, field, soil, account, country, basis, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) array, reach, scope, distance, (v) line, arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad, classify, 4. scope (kapsam); synonyms (n) purview, room, expanse, drift, extent, oscilloscope, gamut, chance, amplitude, breadth, dimension, latitude, play, ambit, (v) view, 5. area (alan); synonyms (n) region, size, width, neighborhood, district, space, zone, topic, grounds, belt, capacity, circuit, compartment, (adj) local, regional, 6. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet, dissertation, lot, plot, province, stretch, track, tractate, treatise, county, discourse, exposition, parcel, park, 7. pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch. sahi true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, actual, faithful, right, even, accurate, authentic, correct, exact, honest, straight, truthful, direct, (v) square, (n) genuine; antonyms (adj) false, bogus, inaccurate, untrue.

383

sahici real (gerçek); synonyms (adj) genuine, material, physical, true, concrete, literal, natural, positive, pure, native, right, good, absolute, (n) authentic, (v) actual; antonyms (adj) unreal, imaginary, apparent, artificial, fake, bogus, deceptive, false, fantasy, imitation, insubstantial, mock, nominal, (v) pretend. sahiden 1. really (gerçekten); synonyms (adv) actually, honestly, absolutely, genuinely, certainly, real, truly, very, simply, authentically, practically, essentially, extremely, (adj) indeed, sincerely, 2. honestly; synonyms (adv) frankly, fairly, candidly, directly, justly, faithfully, aboveboard, openly, fair, bluntly, plainly, (adj) earnestly, really, accurately; antonyms (adv) dishonestly, deceitfully, misleadingly. sahil 1. coast; synonyms (n) bank, beach, seaside, shore, seashore, sand, seacoast, shoreline, (v) glide, slide, drift, cruise; antonym (n) interior, 2. seaside; synonyms (n) coast, seaboard, coastline, 3. strand; synonyms (n) rope, chain, filament, line, string, thread, wisp, yarn, fibril, scar, (v) maroon, desert, abandon, 4. shore; synonyms (n) prop, edge, land, buttress, stay, brace, margin, border, riverside, shoring, side, waterside, embankment, (v) support, 5. beach (plaj); synonyms (n) foreshore, strand. sahip 1. owner (mal sahibi); synonyms (n) master, proprietor, possessor, holder, landholder, landowner, boss, landlord, employer, occupant, host, manager; antonym (n) tenant, 2. lord; synonyms (n) chief, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, creator, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator, 3. holder; synonyms (n) bearer, case, stand, container, rack, handle, carrier, bracket, owner, support, vessel, 4. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) instructor, head, leader, authority, headmaster, maestro, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) original, ace, expert, proficient, 5. proprietor. sahiplik ownership (mülkiyet); synonyms (n) control, proprietorship, occupancy, possession, tenure, title, hold, (adj) property, claim, right. sahipsiz 1. derelict; synonyms (adj) desolate, delinquent, abandoned, deserted, forsaken, neglectful, ramshackle, remiss, negligent, dilapidated, decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp, vagabond, 2. vacant (boş); synonyms (adj) empty, blank, hollow, bare, devoid, free, idle, unfilled, unoccupied, void, expressionless, open, vacuous, inane, available; antonyms (adj) full, occupied. sahne 1. stage; synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount, 2. scene; synonyms (n) aspect, view, background, display, environment, outlook, panorama, picture, spectacle, lookout, perspective, act, appearance, look, (v) prospect.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

384

Turkish - English

sahnelemek stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, arena, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, (v) present, order, mount. sahra wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wild, wasteland, solitude, wildness, (v) waste. sahte 1. false (taklit, yanlış); synonyms (adj) bastard, counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous, artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless, fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true, real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural, truthful, honest, valid, 2. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff, manufactured. sakal beard; synonyms (n) awn, hair, whiskers, disguise, sloven, (v) dare, defy, camouflage, mask, (adj) brave. sakar awkward; synonyms (adj) clumsy, inconvenient, crude, embarrassing, inept, sticky, uncomfortable, ungainly, untoward, left-handed, annoying, bungling, cumbersome, difficult, graceless; antonyms (adj) graceful, easy, adroit, manageable, straightforward, convenient, dexterous, helpful, rotund, simple. sakat 1. game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun, entertainment, competition, contest, diversion, match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, (v) bet, gamble, wager, 2. defective (kusurlu); synonyms (adj) deficient, bad, faulty, imperfect, broken, incomplete, lacking, unsound, vicious, inaccurate, rotten, erroneous, flawed, inadequate, incorrect; antonym (adj) perfect. sakatlık 1. disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n) handicap, inability, disablement, disqualification, drawback, impairment, incapacity, disadvantage, damage, deadening, deterioration, deterrent, detriment, illness, trouble, 2. defect (kusur); synonyms (n) fault, blemish, blot, flaw, shortcoming, deficiency, failing, imperfection, scar, weakness, dearth, deformity, foible, (v) desert, (adj) infirmity. sakin 1. quiet (sessiz); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v) appease, moderate, assuage, allay, (n) calm, hush, compose, ease; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise, 2. peaceful; synonyms (adj) peaceable, quiet, even, meek, peace, placid, silent, amicable, composed, halcyon, mild, serene, tranquil, untroubled, collected; antonyms (adj) aggressive, tense, violent, 3. calm; synonyms (adj) bland, sedate, sober, soothe, stilly, (v) easy, mollify, steady, tranquilize, abate, alleviate, becalm, placate, (n) equanimity, coolness; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n)

agitation, 4. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj) comfortable, convenient, familiar, graceful, lenient, light, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy, easygoing, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome, particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, formal, testing, uneasy, 5. comfortable; synonyms (adj) agreeable, pleased, pleasing, prosperous, congenial, pleasurable, rich, enjoyable, commodious, content, homely, easeful, genial, (v) snug, luxurious; antonyms (adj) uncomfortable, poor, unpleasant, intimidating, unaccustomed, unhappy, 6. resident; synonyms (adj) native, inmate, local, nonmigratory, (n) inhabitant, occupant, dweller, tenant, citizen, lodger, occupier, representative, (v) resiant; antonyms (adj) migratory, (n) landlord, drifter, 7. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, greasy, liquid, mellow, polished, slick, (v) facilitate, flatten; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, 8. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, yet, more, nonetheless, (adj) silence, quiescent, inactive, mute, equable, hushed, immobile, noiseless, (conj) notwithstanding; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy. sakınca objection; synonyms (n) dissent, protest, complaint, exception, grievance, gripe, disagreement, outcry, difficulty, disapproval, expostulation, criticism, challenge, disadvantage, drawback. sakinleştirmek 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. calm; synonyms (adj) tranquil, bland, (v) appease, cool, still, allay, easy, moderate, mollify, steady, tranquilize, abate, alleviate, becalm, (n) equanimity; antonyms (adj) agitated, angry, nervous, stormy, wild, annoyed, anxious, enraged, frantic, frightened, intense, irritable, (v) agitate, upset, (n) agitation, 3. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable. sakınmak avoid; synonyms (v) shun, avert, parry, escape, evade, abstain, annul, circumvent, duck, elude, forbear, fudge, ignore, prevent, (adj) eschew; antonyms (v) confront, associate, face, tackle. saklama 1. storage (depolama); synonyms (n) conservation, depot, memory, preservation, retention, stock, accumulation, entrepot, store, reposition, storehouse, warehousing, 2. preservation; synonyms (n) maintenance,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English keeping, protection, custody, upkeep, care, salvation, saving, security, creation; antonyms (n) destruction, extinction, release.

saklamak 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, stok); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. save (kurtarmak); synonyms (v) deliver, economize, rescue, conserve, free, maintain, liberate, protect, redeem, retain, defend, economise, (prep) except, but, excepting; antonyms (v) spend, squander, waste, 3. cloak; synonyms (n) mask, veil, camouflage, cape, masquerade, pall, screen, blind, blanket, curtain, (v) cover, wrap, conceal, dissemble, hide; antonyms (v) disclose, reveal, uncover, 4. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) shade, riddle, disguise, partition, guard, protection, covert, drape, (v) shield, shelter, cloak, filter, obscure, safeguard, sieve, 5. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, continue, have, celebrate, confine, observe, save, commemorate, check, harbor, direct, rear, restrain, (n) custody, maintenance; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 6. hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) bury, ambush, muffle, enshroud, envelop, shroud, (n) fur, coat, fell, skin, cloud, bark, fleece, pelt, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) show, expose, express, 7. conceal; synonyms (v) smother, suppress, ensconce, secrete, withhold, belie, fold, contain, bosom, palliate, (n) shadow; antonyms (v) divulge, clarify, 8. preserve; synonyms (v) cure, pickle, uphold, perpetuate, sustain, husband, (n) jam, jelly, conserves, marmalade, preserves, reservation, sanctuary, asylum, grocery; antonym (v) destroy. saklanma hiding; synonyms (n) cover, covering, concealing, concealment, beating, thrashing, rout, ambush, coverture, abscondence, covert, defeat, defense, hitting, (adj) cowardly; antonym (n) victory. saklanmak hide (gizlemek); synonyms (v) conceal, disguise, obscure, bury, cloak, mask, shelter, (n) cover, fur, coat, fell, skin, veil, cloud, (adj) darken; antonyms (v) reveal, show, expose, express. saklı 1. hidden (gizli); synonyms (adj) clandestine, concealed, obscure, dark, covert, latent, secret, arcane, buried, confidential, covered, deep, disguised, invisible, masked; antonyms (adj) obvious, exposed, open, active, noticeable, overt, revealing, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) hidden, mysterious, furtive, occult, secrecy, esoteric, intimate, mystic, (n) privacy, arcanum, enigma, mystery, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (n) known, public, 3. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion;

385

antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) start. salak crazy (deli); synonyms (adj) deranged, mad, madcap, wild, absurd, brainsick, cracked, crazed, demented, eccentric, foolish, ludicrous, preposterous, silly, wacky; antonyms (adj) sane, sensible. salata salad; synonyms (n) sauce, miscellany. salça sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning, garnish, impertinence, billingsgate, salad, cheek, insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve, flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth. saldırgan aggressive; synonyms (adj) belligerent, active, energetic, enterprising, hostile, invasive, offensive, pushy, warlike, strong, strenuous, assertive, dynamic, militant, pugnacious; antonyms (adj) peaceful, friendly, peaceable, passive, peace-loving, suspicious. saldırı 1. aggression (hücum); synonyms (n) hostility, incursion, offensive, onset, onslaught, aggressiveness, antagonism, assault, attack, invasion, offense; antonym (n) friendliness, 2.

attack (hücum, hücum etmek, kriz, saldırmak); synonyms (n) thrust, aggression, fit, seizure, approach, (v) assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse, affect, beset, besiege; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 3. invasion; synonyms (n) inroad, descent, foray, influx, intrusion, encroachment, infringement, occupation, breach, conquest, irruption, violation, entrance, plague; antonym (n) surrender, 4. onset; synonyms (n) beginning, birth, commencement, dawn, onrush, outbreak, advent, opening, start, storm, fire, oncoming, 5. offensive; synonyms (adj) foul, disgusting, distasteful, abusive, aggressive, loathsome, nauseous, coarse, abominable, disagreeable, impertinent, insulting, (v) odious, nasty, hateful; antonyms (adj) complimentary, inoffensive, pleasant, defensive, polite, tasteful, 6. assault (hücum); synonyms (n) rush, violence, rape, battery, storming, blitz, push, ravishment, (v) violate, ambush, batter, beat, force, hit, rob, 7. offence; synonyms (n) guilt, infraction, misdemeanor, misdemeanour, umbrage, discourtesy.

saldırmak 1. attack (hücum, hücum etmek, kriz); synonyms (n) incursion, thrust, aggression, fit, onset, onslaught, seizure, (v) assault, assail, attempt, aggress, charge, invade, raid, accuse; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend, protect, retreat, 2. assault (hücum); synonyms (n) attack, rush, violence, rape, battery, offensive, violation, storming, blitz, descent, (v) storm, violate, ambush, batter, beat, 3. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, flood, flow, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, quicken, jet, (adj) burst, spurt, 4. charge; synonyms

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

386

Turkish - English

(n) accusation, burden, care, command,

commission, bill, tax, accusal, demand, direction, (v) blame, bid, load, arraign, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve. salgı 1. humour; synonyms (n) mood, temper, wit, witticism, biliousness, brain, brainpower, card, climate, wittiness, irritability, irritation, mentality, modality, (v) humor, 2. secretion; synonyms (n) exudation, discharge, emission, exhalation, extrusion, juice, concealment, liquid, emanation, discrimination, flow, production, release, secernment, pus. salgılama secretion; synonyms (n) exudation, discharge, emission, exhalation, extrusion, juice, concealment, liquid, emanation, discrimination, flow, production, release, secernment, pus. salgın outbreak; synonyms (n) epidemic, eruption, explosion, burst, onset, outburst, mutiny, attack, flood, rash, rebellion, revolt, spate, spell, storm. salim sound (ses); synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused. salıncak swing; synonyms (n) sweep, range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate. salınmak roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. salıverme 1. release (serbest bırakmak); synonyms (n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, (v) exempt, free, liberate, pardon, absolve, acquit, deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement, preservation, (v) capture, confine, imprison, arrest, catch, 2. discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, explosion, (v) clear, complete, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge, empty, expel; antonym (v) hire. salıvermek 1. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged, 2. release (serbest bırakmak); synonyms (n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, ransom, exemption, (v) exempt, pardon, absolve, acquit, deliver, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, clear; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement, preservation, (v) capture, confine, imprison, arrest, catch. salkım 1. bunch (grup); synonyms (n) cluster, clump, crowd, batch, band, gang, group, lot, troop, horde, bulge, herd, (v) bundle, huddle, pack; antonym (v) disperse, 2. cluster (küme);

synonyms (n) bunch, agglomeration, collection, knot, tuft, party, assembly, clustering, crew, (v) collect, gather, assemble, concentrate, congregate, flock. sallama shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake. sallamak 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake, 2. wave (dalga); synonyms (n) billow, gesture, motion, sign, surge, signal, (v) flap, curl, flourish, swell, swing, undulate, beckon, ripple, shake, 3. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, calculus, pillar, gem, (v) sway, cradle, toss, waver, pitch, reel, roll, wobble, careen, (adj) pebble, stone. sallanma swing (salıncak); synonyms (n) sweep, range, (v) sway, fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, beat, brandish, change, move, shake, turn, vibrate. sallanmak 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake, 2. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, calculus, pillar, (v) sway, cradle, shake, toss, waver, pitch, reel, roll, swing, wobble, (adj) pebble, stone, 3. swing (salıncak); synonyms (n) sweep, range, lilt, (v) fluctuate, oscillate, dangle, hang, rock, change, move, turn, vibrate, dance, drop, lurch, 4. wave (dalga); synonyms (n) billow, gesture, motion, sign, surge, signal, breaker, vibration, (v) flap, curl, flourish, swell, undulate, beckon, ripple. salon 1. lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa, bar, (v) loiter, loll, loaf, recline, rest, dawdle, linger, relax, sprawl, bask, lie, 2. salon; synonyms (n) hall, lounge, saloon, 3. hall (hol); synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, lobby, mansion, vestibule, auditorium, anteroom, court, castle, concourse, antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory, (v) passage. salt absolute (mutlak, saf, tam); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional, categorical, full, real, unqualified, utter, actual, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified. saltanat 1. sovereignty; synonyms (n) kingdom, reign, empire, autonomy, dominion, independence, power, realm, rule, majesty, monarchy, control, supremacy, sceptre, ascendancy, 2. reign; synonyms (n) dominance, government, administration, lead, regime, sway, raj, (v) command, govern, dominate, predominate, prevail, manage, administer, master. saman 1. hay; synonyms (n) fodder, feed, bunk, food, silage, hedge, meal, pasture, 2. straw; synonyms (n) chaff, rush, stalk, husk, shuck, (v) cover, strew, (adj) feather, cobweb, down, dust, flue, gossamer, mote.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

387

samanyolu galaxy (galaksi); synonyms (n)

sanayi industry (endüstri); synonyms (n) business,

constellation, beetleweed, bevy, cosmos, galax, bunch, coltsfoot, speckling, wandflower, (adj) array, army, sea, sight, star, sun. samimi 1. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 2. genuine; synonyms (adj) actual, authentic, sincere, true, unsophisticated, candid, faithful, artless, factual, hearty, real, unaffected, unfeigned, very, absolute; antonyms (adj) bogus, fake, insincere, affected, artificial, dishonest, false, pretend, hypocritical, replica, 3. frank; synonyms (adj) blunt, direct, downright, honest, fair, forthright, plain, straightforward, clear, bluff, exempt, free, genuine, ingenuous, (n) frankfurter; antonyms (adj) guarded, devious, 4. intimate; synonyms (adj) close, confidential, informal, inner, internal, bosom, (v) express, allude, hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (n) familiar, (adv) dear, 5. true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) right, even, correct, exact, straight, truthful, literal, loyal, precise, proper, reliable, veritable, just, rightful, (v) square; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, untrue. sanal 1. imaginary; synonyms (adj) fanciful, fictitious, false, ideal, illusory, mythical, unreal, hypothetical, chimerical, fantastic, fictional, notional, visionary, whimsical, delusive; antonyms (adj) real, palpable, 2. virtual; synonyms (adj) potential, practical, implicit, comparative, constructive, fake, imitation, pretend, qualified, quasi, replicated, simulated, basic, energizing, fundamental; antonym (adj) genuine. sanat 1. art; synonyms (n) know-how, skill, talent, trick, artistry, craft, dexterity, science, accomplishment, aptitude, artfulness, trade, work, address, adroitness, 2. craft; synonyms (n) boat, ability, art, cunning, guile, fraud, shift, artifice, business, deceit, job, occupation, profession, vessel, calling, 3. trade; synonyms (n) deal, barter, commerce, swap, switch, clientele, employment, interchange, custom, dealing, (v) change, exchange, merchandise, bargain, sell; antonyms (n) purchase, (adj) charitable, 4. profession; synonyms (n) confession, declaration, affirmation, career, vocation, position, assertion, assurance, avowal, testimony, avocation, allegation, admission, walk, office. sanatçı artist (ressam); synonyms (n) actor, artificer, master, player, musician, performer, artisan, creator, entertainer, maker, architect, stylist. sanatkâr artist (ressam); synonyms (n) actor, artificer, master, player, musician, performer, artisan, creator, entertainer, maker, architect, stylist.

application, diligence, effort, industriousness, labor, toil, trade, work, assiduousness, exertion, manufacture, commerce. sancak 1. standard (standart); synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special, 2. flag (bayrak); synonyms (n) banner, colors, ensign, sign, fall, iris, (v) decline, languish, sag, abate, signal, (adj) droop, fade, drop, fail. sandal boat; synonyms (n) yacht, scull, craft, dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, (v) cruise. sandalye 1. chair; synonyms (n) chairman, bench, chairperson, president, throne, couch, chairwoman, professorship, shop, (v) moderate, conduct, lead, 2. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) place, base, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, position, post, posterior, rear, (v) locate, put, contain, hold. sandık 1. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v) unbox, 2. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, action, (adj) patient, 3. chest; synonyms (n) bosom, bust, bureau, casket, dresser, chamber, thorax, treasury, trunk. sandviç sandwich; synonym (v) interlard. sanı guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek); synonyms (v) conjecture, surmise, forecast, believe, deem, divine, reckon, suppose, assume, calculate, feel, figure, foretell, (n) estimate, assumption. sanık 1. defendant; synonyms (n) accused, litigant, party, plaintiff, prisoner, suspect, defender, perpetrator, (adj) defensive, 2. accused; synonym (n) panel, 3. suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, distrust, mistrust, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise, believe, disbelieve, divine, (adj) fishy, questionable, shady, suspicious, dubious; antonyms (v) trust, (adj) trustworthy. saniye second (ikinci); synonyms (n) instant, moment, flash, jiffy, minute, sec, (v) back, endorse, support, encourage, forward, help, (adj) latter, further, (pron) additional; antonym (adj) first. sanmak 1. suppose; synonyms (v) believe, guess, infer, assume, conjecture, consider, divine, estimate, imagine, presume, reckon, speculate, calculate, conceive, expect, 2. guess (tahmin etmek); synonyms (v) surmise, forecast, deem, suppose, feel, figure, foretell, gauge, suspect, think, count, (n) assumption, hypothesis, speculation, supposition, 3. think (düşünmek); synonyms (v) hold, muse, ponder, reflect, regard, cogitate, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, reason, study,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

388

Turkish - English

envisage, esteem, intend, recollect; antonym (v) forget, 4. fancy; synonyms (v) daydream, wish, crotchet, envision, like, (adj) elaborate, extravagant, (n) desire, caprice, fantasy, dream, conceit, conception, idea, imagination; antonyms (adj) plain, unadorned, (n) reality, 5. expect (beklemek); synonyms (v) anticipate, demand, understand, abide, await, hope, call, mean, ask, bear, carry, foresee, look, require, trust. sansasyon sensation; synonyms (n) impression, emotion, feel, sense, perception, sensibility, sensitivity, thrill, wonder, agitation, stunner, awareness, idea, (v) feeling, affection; antonym (n) numbness. sansür censorship; synonyms (n) censoring, ban, silence, blackout, control, forbidding, restriction, squashing, suppression, wraps. santral 1. exchange; synonyms (n) commutation, swap, switch, commerce, conversion, substitute, (v) change, barter, interchange, commute, counterchange, alternate, alter, cash, convert, 2. central (merkezi); synonyms (adj) basic, capital, cardinal, fundamental, chief, crucial, important, inner, key, main, pivotal, primary, centrical, core, (n) umbilical; antonyms (adj) peripheral, minor, regional, tangential. sap 1. stem; synonyms (n) root, bow, branch, shank, stalk, stick, handle, axis, bough, (v) originate, block, arrest, halt, issue, proceed, 2. handle (kulp); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp, 3. grip (kavramak, yakalamak); synonyms (n) clasp, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, clamp, (v) hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab, grapple, gripe; antonyms (v) bore, release, 4. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, store, goods, ancestry, descent, family, hoard, origin, race, backlog, birth, commodity, (adj) regular, (v) supply. saplamak 1. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. thrust; synonyms (v) jab, force, boost, punch, ram, dig, impel, squeeze, throw, (n) push, poke, drive, shove, cast, prod; antonym (v) pull. saplantı obsession; synonyms (n) compulsion, fixation, complex, mania, neurosis, rage, fad, passion, addiction, habit, investment, phobia. sapma 1. deviation; synonyms (n) aberration, change, deflection, difference, diversion, variation, abnormality, alteration, anomaly, departure, detour, deviance, divergence, variance, inclination; antonym (n) normality, 2. drift (sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 3. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, leave, depart, deviation,

parting, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, withdrawal, disappearance, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance, 4. bias (önyargı); synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness, 5. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, spin, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, bout, round, circle, shift, tour. sapmak 1. sheer; synonyms (adj) absolute, pure, mere, bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, simple, steep, transparent, regular, (n) complete, perfect, entire; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 2. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle. saptama determination (belirleme); synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment, assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness. saptamak 1. determine; synonyms (v) ascertain, decide, define, resolve, appoint, adjudicate, conclude, measure, set, specify, designate, assign, decree, arrange, assess, 2. fix; synonyms (v) establish, determine, fasten, settle, anchor, adjust, clamp, do, castrate, emasculate, affix, (n) bind, state, (adj) confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 3. establish; synonyms (v) erect, prove, base, build, constitute, demonstrate, create, fix, found, institute, begin, certify, compose, construct, corroborate; antonyms (v) disprove, abolish, terminate, 4. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, say, country, kingdom, show, place, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private. saptırma diversion; synonyms (n) amusement, deviation, distraction, entertainment, pastime, detour, digression, fun, recreation, sport, aberration, deflection, deflexion, game, hobby. saptırmak angle (açı); synonyms (n) hook, incline, view, aspect, cant, corner, outlook, perspective, pitch, position, viewpoint, (v) slant, lean, tilt, fish. sararmak yellow (sarı); synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward, (adv) cowardly. sarartmak yellow (sarı); synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward, (adv) cowardly. saray 1. palace; synonyms (n) court, castle, mansion, hall, chateau, 2. court (avlu); synonyms (n) forum, bar, close, field, tribunal, judicatory, passage,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English judge, courtroom, courtyard, (v) woo, attract, invite, romance, flatter; antonyms (v) avoid, shun. sargı 1. dressing; synonyms (n) bandage, bandaging, binding, fertilization, stuffing, scolding, castigation, coating, surfacing, 2. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine. sarhoş 1. loaded (yüklü); synonyms (adj) laden, full, burdened, flush, moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich, tight, tipsy, intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered, soused; antonym (adj) poor, 2. drunk; synonyms (adj) wet, inebriated, delirious, high, (n) inebriate, drunkard, rummy, sot; antonym (adj) sober. sarı yellow; synonyms (adj) jaundiced, amber, chicken, chickenhearted, fearful, xanthous, craven, spineless, yellowish, flavous, golden, (n) coward, (adv) cowardly. sarım turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle. sarımsak garlic; synonyms (n) ail, caviare, pickle, onion, (adj) fungus. sarışın fair (güzel); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted. sarmak 1. wind (Rüzgar); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave, 2. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, knee, orbit, round, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset, 3. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) reel, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, wallow, wind, envelop, grumble, level, 4. twist; synonyms (n) spin, twirl, braid, kink, loop, strain, tangle, (v) distort, contort, deform, pervert, wrench, pull, sprain, bias; antonyms (v) straighten, untwist. sarmal spiral; synonyms (n) coil, helix, volute, roll, spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate, (v) curl, loop, screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend. sarnıç tank; synonyms (n) cistern, reservoir, container, cooler, belly, boiler, fermentor, jail, stomach, store, tankful, thickener, tub, lake, (v) fake. sarp steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual. sarsılmak shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake.

389

sarsıntı 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake, 2. jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow, crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce, grate, 3. shock (şok); synonyms (n) daze, impact, collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten, horrify; antonym (v) comfort. sarsma 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake, 2. shock (şok); synonyms (n) blow, daze, impact, collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) offend, revolt, startle, appall, clash, disgust, dismay; antonym (v) comfort. sarsmak 1. jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, blow, crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt, clash, creak, bump, collide, jounce, 2. shock (şok); synonyms (n) daze, impact, collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, fright, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten; antonym (v) comfort, 3. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, drop, convulse, (n) tremble, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake. satıcı 1. dealer; synonyms (n) merchant, trader, monger, seller, vendor, marketer, agent, broker, salesperson, trafficker, bargainer; antonym (n) user, 2. supplier; synonyms (n) provider, contractor, dealer, benefactor, contributor, donor, freelancer, giver, informant, informer, outworker, philanthropist, retailer, spokesperson, wholesaler, 3. seller; synonym (n) vender; antonyms (n) buyer, purchaser, 4. vendor; synonym (n) supplier. satılmak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy. satım sale (satış); synonyms (n) fair, disposal, demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, (adj) cheap. satır line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order. satış 1. sale; synonyms (n) fair, disposal, demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, (adj) cheap, 2. disposal; synonyms (n) disposition, administration, distribution, organization, sale, alienation, classification, adjustment, arrangement, control, direction, dispensation, order, adhibition, 3. sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

390

Turkish - English

merchandise, realize, trade, clear, gammon, pass, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy, 4. selling; synonyms (n) marketing, business, vending, commerce, merchandising, retailing, transaction; antonym (n) purchase. satmak sell; synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy. sattırmak sell (satmak); synonyms (v) peddle, deal, handle, betray, give, promote, deceive, exchange, merchandise, realize, trade, vend, clear, gammon, (n) cheat; antonym (v) buy. sav 1. thesis; synonyms (n) dissertation, matter, argument, essay, theme, topic, hypothesis, premise, proposition, assertion, contention, composition, paper, treatise, discourse, 2. contention (çekişme); synonyms (n) competition, argumentation, battle, conflict, controversy, discord, allegation, arguing, claim, difference, dispute, opposition, quarrel, race, enmity; antonym (n) harmony, 3. assertion (iddia); synonyms (n) affirmation, statement, avowal, charge, profession, testimony, accusation, position, announcement, asseveration, averment, declaration, expression, predication, proclamation, 4. proposition (önerme); synonyms (n) offer, overture, bid, motion, proposal, approach, design, plan, suggestion, advance, principle, scheme, axiom, (v) proffer, suggest. savaş 1. battle (muharebe); synonyms (n) combat, contest, struggle, clash, conflict, war, action, fighting, fray, scuffle, (v) fight, brawl, encounter, quarrel, scrap, 2. fight; synonyms (v) feud, argue, bicker, campaign, contend, compete, affray, box, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, contention, squabble, competition, confrontation; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal, 3. conflict; synonyms (n) antagonism, collision, difference, disagreement, strife, clashing, argument, brush, dissension, dissent, friction, opposition, (v) collide, disagree, (adj) jar; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony, peace, 4. warfare; synonyms (n) hostility, hostilities, 5. war; synonyms (n) warfare, enmity, skirmish, (adj) military; antonym (v) ceasefire, 6. struggle; synonyms (n) strain, effort, exertion, scramble, wrestle, pull, (v) attempt, endeavor, labor, strive, aim, essay, grapple, oppose, push; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. savaşçı fighter; synonyms (n) combatant, battler, belligerent, champion, soldier, warrior, militant, activist, crusader. savaşmak 1. fight; synonyms (v) combat, contest, quarrel, feud, argue, bicker, campaign, clash, contend, (n) battle, dispute, engagement, conflict, contention, (adj) brawl; antonyms (v) agree, retreat, withdrawal, 2. battle (muharebe, savaş);

synonyms (n) struggle, war, action, fighting, fray, scuffle, warfare, row, strife, tussle, (v) fight, encounter, scrap, wrestle, grapple, 3. war; synonyms (n) antagonism, opposition, enmity, hostilities, hostility, skirmish, (adj) military; antonyms (n) peace, (v) ceasefire. savunan defensive; synonyms (adj) protective, preventive, protecting, safeguarding, anticipatory, blocking, defendant, defensory, excusatory, fenceful, justificative, justificatory, opposed, preventative, suspicious; antonym (adj) offensive. savunma 1. defence; synonyms (n) defense, vindication, denial, abnegation, demurrer, refutation, demur, demurral, disproof, falsification, falsifying, prohibition, whitewash, 2. apology (özür); synonyms (n) excuse, plea, amends, justification, regret, reason, alibi, explanation, acknowledgment, apologia, reparation, 3. plea; synonyms (n) answer, apology, appeal, petition, pretext, claim, allegation, call, entreaty, prayer, argument, advocacy, demand, pretense, pretension. savunmak 1. defend; synonyms (v) cover, guard, assert, justify, protect, advocate, champion, maintain, shield, support, apologize, hold, preserve, safeguard, shelter; antonyms (v) attack, prosecute, 2. champion; synonyms (n) backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender, exponent, paladin, patron, protagonist, supporter, (v) defend, back, uphold; antonym (v) oppose. savunmasız vulnerable; synonyms (adj) weak, exposed, sensitive, susceptible, tender, defenseless, feeble, unguarded, unprotected, insecure, impressionable, powerless, liable, subject, (v) frail; antonyms (adj) safe, impervious, invincible, invulnerable, unassailable, unbeatable, secure, untouchable. savunmasızlık vulnerability; synonyms (n) exposure, weakness, danger, vulnerableness, defenselessness, peril; antonym (n) invulnerability. savunucu 1. champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender, exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend, support, back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose, 2. defender; synonyms (n) champion, guard, guardian, protector, keeper, proponent, upholder, adherent; antonyms (n) assailant, attacker. sayaç 1. counter; synonyms (n) buffet, bench, reverse, (v) reply, contradict, resist, answer, react, respond, retort, thwart, (adj) converse, antagonistic, contrary, opposite, 2. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) record, list, inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, roll, (v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter, indicate, read, show. saydam transparent; synonyms (adj) diaphanous, lucid, obvious, plain, luminous, filmy, limpid, sheer, crystalline, gauzy, pellucid, gossamer,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English apparent, (n) clear, bright; antonyms (adj) opaque, solid. sayesinde through (içinden); synonyms (prep) for, per, along, because, throughout, (adv) by, thorough, via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed, complete, (prf) past. sayfa page; synonyms (n) attendant, footboy, usher, note, pageboy, varlet, context, donzel, (v) paginate, summon. sayfiye country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place, realm, region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban. saygı 1. consideration; synonyms (n) concern, respect, attention, care, reflection, thought, account, cogitation, conception, deliberation, notice, tact, thoughtfulness, (v) regard, condition; antonyms (n) thoughtlessness, impulsiveness, inconsideration, 2. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) estimate, heed, attend, believe, consider, count, hold, observe, reckon, appreciate, (n) esteem, deference, look, note, value; antonym (n) disrespect, 3. respect; synonyms (n) honor, homage, worship, consideration, connection, obeisance, admiration, appreciation, awe, courtesy, (v) admire, estimation, keep, prize, reverence; antonyms (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, (v) scorn, despise, dishonor, disregard, humiliate. saygıdeğer 1. worthy; synonyms (adj) noble, estimable, good, meritorious, respectable, valuable, deserving, honorable, suitable, virtuous, worthwhile, admirable, desirable, (n) celebrity, notable; antonym (adj) unworthy, 2. respectable; synonyms (adj) reputable, considerable, decorous, decent, fair, proper, creditable, passable, becoming, honest, goodish, goodly, hefty, modest, sizable; antonym (adj) disreputable. saygılar respects; synonyms (n) regards, compliment, compliments, greeting, baisemains, courtesies, deference, egards, kowtow, salutations, (adj) abord, welcome. saygın respectable; synonyms (adj) reputable, considerable, decorous, decent, estimable, fair, good, honorable, proper, creditable, passable, becoming, honest, goodish, goodly; antonym (adj) disreputable. saygınlık standing; synonyms (v) stand, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance, permanent. saygısızlık 1. contempt; synonyms (n) disdain, scorn, derision, disrespect, disregard, mockery, ridicule, shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy, disrepute, arrogance, defiance, disgrace; antonyms (n) respect, approval, 2. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, delicate, faint, feeble, fine, lean, (adv) light, (v) insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut;

391

antonyms (adj) considerable, major, fat, heavy, intense, obvious, severe, thickset, wide.

sayı 1. number (numara, numaralamak, rakam, saymak); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, (v) calculate, aggregate, enumerate, figure, total, come, add, account, 2. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, image, number, dummy, (v) design, cast, cipher, 3. count (saymak); synonyms (n) calculation, computation, reckoning, counting, enumeration, (v) compute, tally, consider, matter, reckon, weigh, appreciate, include, tell, depend, 4. basket (sepet); synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound, corbeille, 5. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, 6. score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, scratch, line, groove, scotch, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, achieve, dash, gain, get, grade, 7. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, spot, phase, apex, detail, (v) head, direct, level. sayım census; synonyms (n) list, returns, cense, file, nosecount, roll, score, ballot, condition, rank, sample, (v) poll, recapitulation, muster. sayısal 1. numerical; synonyms (adj) numeric, numeral, mathematical, arithmetical, consecutive, algebraic, geometric, statistical, (n) identical, 2. digital; synonym (n) computer. sayısız countless; synonyms (adj) numberless, innumerable, endless, many, multitudinous, myriad, measureless, immeasurable, infinite, legion, numerous, uncounted, unnumbered, untold; antonyms (adj) few, finite. sayma count (saymak); synonyms (n) number, calculation, computation, total, (v) calculate, compute, tally, account, cipher, consider, estimate, matter, reckon, weigh, add. saymaca nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal, token, minimal, minimum, nominative, (v) cognominal; antonym (adj) real. saymak 1. count; synonyms (n) number, calculation, computation, total, (v) calculate, compute, tally, account, cipher, consider, estimate, matter, reckon, weigh, add, 2. number (numara, numaralamak, rakam, sayı); synonyms (n) count, amount, score, act, issue, volume, character, company, digit, multitude, (v) aggregate, enumerate, figure, come, list, 3. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage, (v) assess, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, merit, put, rank, esteem, gauge, prize, 4. reckon; synonyms (v) deem, judge, hold, guess, rate, measure, make,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

392

Turkish - English

believe, expect, plan, regard, suppose, tell, think, view, 5. regard (bakmak); synonyms (v) attention, concern, heed, attend, observe, gaze, (n) notice, respect, deference, look, note, admiration, consideration, estimation, interest; antonym (n) disrespect, 6. consider; synonyms (v) cogitate, assume, conceive, contemplate, deliberate, reflect, analyze, consult, debate, feel, ponder, see, (n) study, examine, (adj) scrutinize; antonym (v) ignore, 7. calculate (hesaplamak); synonyms (v) forecast, budget, determine, cast, cypher, depend, predict, program, rely, aim, approximate, balance, 8. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym (adj) fresh. saymamak except; synonyms (conj) but, unless, (prep) save, excepting, excluding, (v) exclude, demur, omit, exempt, object, reserve, saving, (n) bar, without, (adv) besides; antonym (v) include. sayman accountant (muhasebeci); synonyms (n) auditor, teller, cashier, controller, almoner, liquidator, clerk, accomptant, comptroller, logothete, questor, receiver, steward, trustee, (adj) accountable. sayvan canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor. saz 1. reed (kamış); synonyms (n) triangle, xylophone, arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin, jereed, jerid, lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread, 2. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, hasten, stream, quicken, (adj) burst, spurt. sebep 1. cause (neden); synonyms (n) case, action, occasion, account, basis, campaign, (v) make, breed, do, induce, allow, arouse, beget, bring, engender; antonym (n) consequence, 2. account (hesap); synonyms (n) bill, narrative, reckoning, regard, score, tale, description, explanation, history, narration, reason, recital, story, tab, (v) report, 3. score; synonyms (n) mark, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, gain, get. sebze vegetable; synonyms (n) plant, vegetive, greens, artifice, cabbage, engender, establish, fix, generate, install, instate, plan, sapling, settle, (adj) vegetal. Seç select (seçme, seçmek); synonyms (v) pick, extract, adopt, choose, elect, excellent, prefer, excerpt, assign, opt, appoint, (adj) choice, exclusive, chosen, best; antonym (v) reject. seçenek 1. alternative (alternatif); synonyms (adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) option, choice, preference, selection, substitute, variation, 2. option; synonyms (n) election, alternative, possibility, volition, refusal, opening, will, likelihood, opportunity, pick, wish, call, decision,

pleasure, put; antonyms (n) essential, necessity, obligation, 3. choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, favorite, assortment, elite, voting, appointment, ballot, (adj) best, excellent, select, exclusive, exquisite, superior, prize, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 4. pick (seçmek, toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, gather, harvest, opt, break, choose, collect, cull, draw, nibble, peck, (n) pickax, (adj) cream, mattock, flower. seçici selective (seçmeli); synonyms (adj) select, particular, discriminating, elective, exclusive, choosy, finicky, discerning, judicious, persnickety, fastidious, picky, eclectic, fussy, astute. seçilebilir eligible; synonyms (adj) competent, fit, due, desirable, proper, capable, licensed, experienced, practiced, privileged, single, skilled, trained, unmarried, (n) bachelor; antonym (adj) ineligible. seçilmiş selected; synonyms (adj) select, chosen, preferred, choice, elected, (n) best. seçim 1. selection (seçme); synonyms (n) election, choice, option, alternative, extract, quotation, assortment, pick, preference, range, collection, appointment, excerpt, volition, voting, 2. choice; synonyms (n) vote, favorite, selection, pleasure, elite, ballot, decision, (adj) best, excellent, select, exclusive, exquisite, superior, prize, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 3. election; synonyms (n) poll, doom, 4. poll; synonyms (n) head, crown, pate, inquiry, capitulum, count, (v) canvass, parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster, research, survey, enumerate. seçimli optional (seçmeli); synonyms (adj) discretionary, arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory, unrestricted, additional, supplementary, external, extracurricular, extramural, unnecessary, available, discretional, flexible, noncompulsory; antonyms (adj) obligatory, compulsory, required, essential, necessary, mandatory. seçkin 1. distinguished; synonyms (adj) celebrated, dignified, eminent, conspicuous, illustrious, important, renowned, reputable, famous, great, high, noble, prominent, splendid, superior; antonyms (adj) unknown, ordinary, 2. choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection, election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 3. select (seçme, seçmek); synonyms (v) extract, adopt, choose, elect, prefer, excerpt, assign, opt, appoint, cull, nominate, (adj) choice, exclusive, rare, selective; antonym (v) reject, 4. outstanding; synonyms (adj) due, owing, distinguished, exceptional, notable, noteworthy, unpaid, major, brilliant, extraordinary, magnificent, noticeable, obvious, overdue, remarkable; antonym (adj) paid, 5. prominent; synonyms (adj) noted, leading, outstanding, salient, striking, big, marked,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English dominant, momentous, predominant, influential, manifest, notorious, obtrusive, (n) bold; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, minor. seçkinler elite; synonyms (n) cream, best, pick, prime, aristocracy, nobility, prize, top, (adj) flower, elect, choice, select. seçme 1. selection (seçim); synonyms (n) election, choice, option, alternative, extract, quotation, assortment, pick, preference, range, collection, appointment, excerpt, volition, voting, 2. select (seçmek); synonyms (v) adopt, choose, elect, excellent, prefer, assign, opt, appoint, cull, nominate, (adj) exclusive, chosen, best, rare, selective; antonym (v) reject, 3. choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, favorite, selection, pleasure, elite, ballot, decision, adoption, cream, (adj) select, exquisite, superior, prize, admirable, (v) judgment; antonym (adj) inferior. seçmek 1. choose; synonyms (v) adopt, elect, pick, prefer, select, appoint, take, assign, decide, desire, determine, draw, excerpt, like, vote; antonyms (v) reject, refuse, 2. select (seçme); synonyms (v) extract, choose, excellent, opt, cull, nominate, gather, (adj) choice, exclusive, chosen, best, rare, selective, elite, exquisite, 3. pick (toplamak); synonyms (v) clean, harvest, break, collect, nibble, peck, pluck, (n) alternative, option, selection, pickax, pickaxe, (adj) cream, mattock, flower, 4. distinguish; synonyms (v) discern, discriminate, describe, know, perceive, discover, descry, behold, characterize, classify, detect, difference, differentiate, identify, recognize; antonym (v) confuse, 5. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw. seçmeli 1. optional; synonyms (adj) discretionary, arbitrary, voluntary, nonobligatory, unrestricted, additional, supplementary, external, extracurricular, extramural, unnecessary, available, discretional, flexible, noncompulsory; antonyms (adj) obligatory, compulsory, required, essential, necessary, mandatory, 2. selective (seçici); synonyms (adj) select, particular, discriminating, elective, exclusive, choosy, finicky, discerning, judicious, persnickety, fastidious, picky, eclectic, fussy, astute. seçmen constituent; synonyms (adj) integral, (n) component, ingredient, element, factor, part, division, elector, item, member, piece, agent; antonyms (n) aggregate, composite, whole. seçmenler electorate; synonyms (n) constituency, caliphate, party, pashalic, public, community, population, supporters, (v) constituents. sedir sofa; synonyms (n) couch, lounge, bench, chair, form, stall, stool, bed, futon.

393

sedye litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher, garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste, issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle. sefalet misery; synonyms (n) adversity, distress, affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, poverty, suffering, calamity, depression, (adj) grief; antonyms (n) cheerfulness, ecstasy, happiness, joy, fun, hopefulness. sefaret embassy; synonyms (n) deputation, legation, delegation, mission, commission, errand, cable, communication, diplomat, diplomatist. sefer 1. navigation; synonyms (n) guidance, sailing, steering, seafaring, shipping, travel, flight, aviation, glide, gliding, pilotage, piloting, routing, sailplaning, soaring, 2. expedition; synonyms (n) excursion, dispatch, journey, celerity, exploration, haste, outing, quest, readiness, speed, tour, trip, acceleration, (v) campaign, crusade, 3. journey (seyahat, yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt, expedition, passage, way, course, pilgrimage, voyage, circuit, (v) go, cruise, fare, navigate, ramble, ride, walk. seferberlik campaign; synonyms (n) crusade, battle, expedition, movement, struggle, war, cause, drive, effort, (v) fight, course, canvass, run, advertize, agitate. sefil 1. miserable; synonyms (adj) mean, poor, meager, abject, bad, deplorable, desolate, downcast, low, measly, unhappy, distressed, lamentable, (v) forlorn, wretched; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, generous, 2. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pathetic, piteous, pitiable, sorry, woeful, base, contemptible, despicable, hapless, paltry, vile, (v) miserable. segman segment (kesim, parça); synonyms (n) division, paragraph, bit, piece, portion, share, slice, proportion, length, cut, sector, (v) section, part, divide, partition. sehpa stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie. sek 1. dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench, 2. straight (düz); synonyms (adv) level, right, directly, (adj) erect, honest, even, flat, upright, fair, correct, just, perpendicular, proper, accurate, (v) direct; antonyms (adv) indirectly, (adj) curly, curved, diluted, winding, zigzag, askew, bent, curvy, knotted, twisted, twisting, wavy, circuitous, guarded.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

394

Turkish - English

sekiz eight; synonyms (n) eighter, eleven, ace, jack,

sembolik symbolic (simgesel); synonyms (adj)

king, knave, nine, octad, octet, octonary, ogdoad, queen, team, ten, (adj) octave. sekreter secretary; synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, bailiff, factor, repository, (v) amanuensis, scribe, writer, scrivener. seks sex (cinsiyet); synonyms (n) gender, intercourse, copulation, coitus, sexuality, mating, (v) arouse, excite, (adj) sexual. seksen eighty; synonym (n) fourscore. seksi sexy; synonyms (adj) sensual, aphrodisiac, aphrodisiacal, sultry, adorable, desirable, irresistible, jazzy, passionate, pornographic, provocative, risqué, torrid, adult, bedroom. seksüel sexual (cinsel); synonyms (adj) sensual, sexy, erotic, intimate, amphigonic, cozy, familiar, gross, informal, inner, internal, knowledgeable, animal, animalistic, bestial. sektör sector (kesim); synonyms (n) department, area, branch, district, division, section, segment, region, arm, part, quadrant, domain, field, piece, quarter. sel 1. flood (sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage, (v) trickle, 2. stream (akım); synonyms (n) brook, river, run, spurt, streak, beam, (v) flood, crowd, jet, swarm, runnel, creek, surge, (prep) current, course. selam hello (alo, merhaba); synonyms (n) greeting, hi, howdy, hullo, welcome, (v) hail. selamet 1. salvation; synonyms (n) aid, redemption, delivery, rescue, justification, preservation, savior, (adj) conversion, adoption, beatification, regeneration; antonym (n) downfall, 2. safety (güvenlik); synonyms (n) protection, guard, refuge, security, bingle, safe, asylum, sanctuary, cover, safeness, shelter, condom, defense, prophylactic, rubber; antonyms (n) danger, hazard. sele 1. bin (kutu); synonyms (n) bunker, binful, box, case, container, silo, closet, locker, basket, casket, trashcan, carton, cellaret, (v) store, discard, 2. saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) charge, burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen, lumber. selef predecessor; synonyms (n) precursor, forerunner, ancestor, antecedent, antecessor, father, elder, precedent; antonyms (n) successor, descendant. sema sky (gök, gökyüzü); synonyms (n) air, heaven, atmosphere, heavens, space, (v) fling, flip, pitch, agitate, alternate, cant, chuck, convulse, deliver, discard. sembol symbol (simge); synonyms (n) sign, emblem, number, badge, mark, stamp, insignia, numeral, token, type, allegory, character, figure, image, indication.

emblematical, representative, emblematic, figurative, symbolical, characteristic, metaphorical, significant, (v) typical, symptomatic, diacritical, (n) symbolics; antonym (adj) literal. semer saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) charge, burden, load, encumber, blame, burthen, lumber. semere 1. harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, fruit, ingathering, produce, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap, 2. result (sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, issue, outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, effect, end, outgrowth, corollary, (v) ensue, follow, eventuate, arise, develop; antonym (v) cause. Seminer seminar; synonyms (n) conference, class, tutorial, meeting, workshop, course, gymnasium, palaestra, talk. semiz fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. sempati sympathy; synonyms (n) compassion, pity, benevolence, commiseration, feeling, humanity, kindness, mercy, rapport, understanding, agreement, clemency, comfort, affection, (adj) charity; antonyms (n) indifference, cruelty. sempatik 1. outgoing (giden); synonyms (adj) friendly, expansive, forthcoming, gregarious, demonstrative, extrovert, companionable, open, sociable, extroverted, extrovertish; antonyms (adj) inward, next, reserved, incoming, introverted, 2. sympathetic; synonyms (adj) kind, compassionate, kindly, congenial, tender, merciful, humane, agreeable, favorable, considerate, (n) gentle, caring, gracious, (v) affectionate, pitiful; antonyms (adj) unsympathetic, hardhearted, unfeeling. semptom symptom (araz, belirti); synonyms (n) sign, indication, evidence, mark, note, manifestation, token, signal, characteristic, omen, exponent. semt 1. neighbourhood; synonyms (n) locality, neighborhood, vicinity, 2. quarter (çeyrek); synonyms (n) area, part, district, division, mercy, region, direction, portion, quart, (v) place, lodge, line, put, accommodate, billet, 3. vicinity; synonyms (n) proximity, environs, neighbourhood, vicinage, outskirts, section. sen thou; synonyms (n) chiliad, g, grand, m, curtilage, gee, gigabyte, gm, gram, gramme, green, grounds, jet, kelvin, kilobyte. senaryo 1. scenario; synonyms (n) plot, continuity, chronicle, design, forecast, plan, prediction, projection, ruse, scheme, diagnosis, narrative, prospects, 2. script; synonyms (n) calligraphy, hand, book, handwriting, copy, document,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English inscription, lettering, letters, text, treatment, writing, playscript, record. senato senate; synonyms (n) council, legislature, parliament, congress, assembly, senatus, storthing, witenagemote, authority, committee, house. sendika union (birlik); synonyms (n) coalition, connection, junction, association, combination, league, merger, alliance, coalescence, confederacy, coupling, fusion, marriage, matrimony, unification; antonyms (n) separation, divergence. sendrom syndrome; synonyms (n) ailment, complaint, complex, sickness, disorder, malady, bug, condition, disease, ill, illness, infection, virus, affection, concurrence. sene year (Yıl); synonyms (n) twelvemonth, day, age, time, yr, class, hour, minute, month, quarter, second, week. senet 1. bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band, adhere, 2. note (not, not etmek); synonyms (n) comment, mention, remark, annotation, heed, indication, mark, attention, bill, distinction, epistle, (v) notice, mind, look, detect; antonym (v) ignore, 3. deed (iş); synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, activity, document, doing, effort, fact, title, agency, 4. instrument (alet, araç); synonyms (n) channel, apparatus, appliance, expedient, pawn, tool, gear, agent, device, engine, means, medium, creature, contrivance, (v) implement, 5. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, banknote, check, measure, program, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 6. script (senaryo); synonyms (n) calligraphy, hand, book, handwriting, copy, inscription, lettering, letters, text, treatment, writing, playscript, record. seninki yours; synonym (adj) own. sent penny (peni); synonyms (n) cent, change, centime, groat, money, doit, mite, coinage, currency, denomination, farthing, rap, sou, denarius, shilling. sentaks syntax (sözdizim, sözdizimi); synonyms (n) grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism. sentetik synthetic; synonyms (adj) artificial, ersatz, false, simulated, synthetical, celluloid, fake, semisynthetic; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real. sentez synthesis; synonyms (n) combination, fusion, compound, incorporation, mixture, union, composite, unification, amalgam, complex, deduction; antonym (n) separation. sepet basket; synonyms (n) basketful, bassinet, cradle, gondola, case, coffin, handbasket, hoop, leap, ped, pottle, stomach, whisket, bound, corbeille.

395

sepetlemek sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire. sera greenhouse; synonyms (n) glasshouse, conservatory, nursery, grotto, hermitage, summerhouse, orangery.

serbest 1. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 2. independent (bağımsız); synonyms (adj) free, autonomous, separate, substantive, impartial, nonpartisan, sovereign, unallied, self-sufficient, detached, distinct, individual, (n) freelance, mugwump, (adv) apart; antonyms (adj) dependent, simultaneous, 3. liberal; synonyms (adj) generous, bountiful, handsome, abundant, benevolent, big, large, kind, ample, bounteous, broad, charitable, giving, tolerant, lavish; antonyms (adj) oppressive, totalitarian, intolerant, (n) conservative, 4. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, frugal, (v) meager, economize, (n) extra, backup. serbestçe freely; synonyms (adv) free, frankly, gladly, abundantly, candidly, generously, independently, openly, readily, voluntarily, willingly, happily, (adj) fain, gratis; antonym (adv) reluctantly. serbestlik independence (bağımsızlık); synonyms (n) autonomy, freedom, liberty, independency, individuality, latitude, detachment, neutrality, sovereignty, inconsequence; antonyms (n) dependence, childhood. seren 1. boom; synonyms (n) bang, roar, noise, bar, din, peal, (v) blast, blare, flourish, sound, thrive, thunder, bellow, clang, prosper; antonyms (n) depression, (v) collapse, decline, 2. yard (avlu, yarda); synonyms (n) court, courtyard, garden, backyard, grounds, close, quadrangle, enclosure, beehive, bindery, chiliad, g, grand, m, nailery. sergen shelf (raf); synonyms (n) ledge, rack, bank, flat, projection, board, frame, shallows, stand, support, bench, bracket, breakers, (adj) shallow. sergi 1. exhibition; synonyms (n) demonstration, display, exhibit, exposition, exposure, fair, manifestation, presentation, show, spectacle, scene, appearance, array, expo, expression, 2. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, perform, (n) produce, ostentation, pageant; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 3. gallery (galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

396

Turkish - English

veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah, auditorium, auditory, boxes, 4. display; synonyms (n) screen, exhibition, showing, view, performance, flash, monitor, pomp, indication, (v) brandish, flaunt, reveal, discover, unfold, air. sergileme 1. display; synonyms (n) array, presentation, appearance, screen, demonstration, exhibition, (v) exhibit, show, disclose, parade, expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate; antonym (v) conceal, 2. exhibition; synonyms (n) display, exposition, exposure, fair, manifestation, spectacle, scene, expo, expression, pageant, performance, presentment, representation, revelation, showing. sergilemek display; synonyms (n) array, presentation, appearance, screen, demonstration, exhibition, (v) exhibit, show, disclose, parade, expose, produce, brandish, flaunt, indicate; antonym (v) conceal. seri 1. series (dizi); synonyms (n) chain, rank, collection, cycle, line, round, run, sequence, serial, set, string, succession, (v) course, order, (adj) progression, 2. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 3. battery (akü, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) troop, army, barrage, company, mugging, onslaught, squad, violence, group, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, battalion, bombardment, 4. sequence (sıra); synonyms (n) series, arrangement, consequence, episode, procession, concatenation, pattern, continuity, effect, gradation, range, result, rotation, sequel, train, 5. rapid; synonyms (adj) fast, prompt, swift, fleet, hasty, speedy, cursory, expeditious, sudden, nimble, winged, express, immediate, impetuous, active; antonym (adj) gradual, 6. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, clever, intelligent, alert, alive, dexterous, keen, lively, brief, abrupt, acute, animated, apt, ingenious, sharp; antonym (adj) dull. serin cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. serinlemek cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. serinletmek cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n)

composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. serinlik cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat.

sermaye 1. capital (başkent, büyük harf); synonyms (n) principal, city, stock, assets, cash, funds, means, money, paramount, prime, resources, (adj) main, primary, chief, great, 2. fund; synonyms (n) store, capital, bank, reserve, savings, supply, cache, endowment, accumulation, (v) hoard, bankroll, finance, accumulate, back, sponsor. sermek 1. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 2. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated. serpinti spray (püskürtmek, sprey); synonyms (n) jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter. sert 1. hard; synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, kind, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 2. harsh; synonyms (adj) grating, sharp, bitter, coarse, crude, discordant, grim, unkind, acrid, biting, brutal, extreme, gruff, rigorous, (v) hard; antonyms (adj) smooth, gentle, harmonious, lenient, pleasant, melodious, sweet, 3. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, rigid, inclement, cutting, heavy, intense, serious, strict, atrocious, caustic, critical, exacting, fierce, painful, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) mild, slight, lax, 4. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) raw, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, indelicate, rocky, uneven, impolite, robust, abrasive, bluff, blunt, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) polished, precise, refined, silky, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, 5. rigorous; synonyms (adj) accurate, stern, inflexible, stiff, stringent, nice, careful, close, demanding, meticulous, relentless, ruthless, narrow, rugged, correct, 6. rigid; synonyms (adj) fixed, set, formal, tense, tight, determined, resolute, immovable, adamant, inexorable, obdurate, obstinate, stubborn, taut, (n) stark; antonyms (adj) flexible, elastic, 7. violent; synonyms (adj) tempestuous, raging, turbulent, vehement, passionate, powerful, savage, stormy, wild, tumultuous, rude, ardent, ferocious, fiery, (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English furious; antonyms (adj) peaceful, calm, nonviolent, 8. strict; synonyms (adj) scrupulous, perfect, punctual, just, fastidious, religious, exigent, faithful, literal, particular, unbending, uncompromising, conscientious, nonindulgent, keen; antonyms (adj) free, imprecise, negligent, relaxed, 9. bitter (acı, keskin, şiddetli); synonyms (adj) acrimonious, acerbic, acid, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, freezing, icy, pungent, sarcastic, tart, (n) acerbity, (v) disagreeable; antonyms (adj) charitable, hot, sugary, 10. firm; synonyms (n) company, business, (adj) constant, stable, compact, solid, steadfast, steady, decisive, dense, fast, sturdy, enduring, crisp, (v) durable; antonyms (adj) irresolute, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, 11. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric, barbarous, bestial, truculent, vicious, barbarian, boarish, inhuman, oppressive, pitiless, violent, brutish, fell, heartless; antonym (adj) liberal, 12. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, burning, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, peppery, spicy, angry, new, fervent, gingery; antonyms (adj) cool, cold, airy, bland, chilly, 13. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, jaunty, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow, 14. stiff; synonyms (adj) numb, awkward, buckram, ceremonious, potent, prim, starchy, high, laborious, erect, (n) cadaver, corpse, body, remains, carcass; antonyms (adj) floppy, supple, pliable, 15. tough; synonyms (adj) tenacious, hardy, stout, leathery, muscular, resilient, sinewy, stalwart, strenuous, stringy, (n) bully, rowdy, hoodlum, hooligan, ruffian; antonyms (adj) flimsy, feeble, lightweight, 16. strong; synonyms (adj) able, deep, cogent, forcible, good, influential, lusty, secure, sound, athletic, energetic, forceful, hearty, loud, persuasive; antonyms (adj) delicate, faint, frail, pale, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, dull, exhausted, imperceptible, tired, watery, 17. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) consistent, real, massive, substantial, material, reliable, thick, whole, certain, fine, concrete, full, convincing, sober, dependable; antonyms (adj) unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent. sertifika certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, credentials, document, license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, deed, docket, bill, (v) certify, sanction. sertleştirmek steel (çelik); synonyms (n) harden, blade, brand, brace, foil, fortify, sword, invigorate, strengthen, (adj) iron, adamant, (v) nerve, temper, gird. sertlik 1. strength (güç, kuvvet); synonyms (n) force, power, energy, firmness, intensity, vigor,

397

endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness, amount, brawn, (v) might, capacity; antonyms (n) weakness, frailty, flaw, shortcoming, 2. bitterness; synonyms (n) acerbity, acrimony, animosity, gall, malice, resentment, acidity, asperity, bitter, enmity, hatred, hostility, rancor, sharpness, affliction; antonym (n) sweetness, 3. severity; synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity, harshness, rigor, inclemency, roughness, gravity, difficulty, grimness, hardness, hardship, inflexibility, rigorousness, rigour, seriousness; antonyms (n) gentleness, leniency, clemency, flexibility, pleasantness. serum serum; synonyms (n) juice, antitoxin, medicine, (adj) lymph, humor, sap. serüven adventure; synonyms (n) venture, accident, chance, escapade, event, incident, undertaking, consequence, essay, circumstance, enterprise, experience, (v) hazard, risk, dare. servet 1. means (araç); synonyms (n) expedient, agency, instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds, income, manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium, method, process, 2. fortune; synonyms (n) chance, destiny, estate, fate, fluke, accident, luck, means, abundance, doom, lot, riches, wealth, blessing, substance, 3. pile (hav, tüy); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass, congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass, crowd, 4. assets; synonyms (n) property, belongings, resources, finances, resource, money, possession, possessions, acquit, 5. gold (altın); synonyms (n) treasure, yellow, amber, (adj) aureate, gilded, gilt, golden, 6. wealth; synonyms (n) affluence, opulence, fortune, profusion, mammon, copiousness, excess, prosperity, store, cornucopia, overabundance, plethora, (adj) plenty, richness, (v) gold; antonyms (n) poverty, penury, scarcity, 7. substance; synonyms (n) essence, body, import, material, matter, meaning, significance, subject, amount, core, gist, quintessence, implication, spirit, content; antonym (n) triviality. servis service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. ses 1. sound; synonyms (n) echo, peal, (v) ring, chime, fast, (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, fit, good, just, rational, right, sane, sensible; antonyms (n) silence, (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, 2. voice; synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part, suffrage, vote, (v) enunciate, express, pronounce, say, speak, utter, vocalize, articulate, state, 3. tone (ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air, shade, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, disposition, feel, feeling, intonation, (v) color, 4. audio; synonyms (n) television, channel, phone,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

398

Turkish - English

(adj) auditory, aural, acoustic, hearing, 5. noise (gürültü, patırtı); synonyms (n) clatter, clamor,

hubbub, racket, din, disturbance, uproar, buzz, clang, commotion, crack, crash, interference, (v) fame, report; antonym (n) quiet, 6. cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan, outcry; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper.

seslenmek 1. call (bağırmak, çağırmak, çağrı); synonyms (v) cry, bellow, name, shout, bid, summon, howl, address, baptize, cite, (n) appeal, yell, appoint, command, demand; antonym (v) dismiss, 2. cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) bark, scream, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, shriek, weep, exclaim, moan, outcry, screech, yelp, yowl; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper, 3. shout (bağırmak); synonyms (v) bawl, hollo, hail, holler, hoop, whoop, proclaim, chant, acclaim, squall, (n) cheer, halloo, exclamation, wail, crow. sesli vocal; synonyms (adj) oral, spoken, unwritten, outspoken, sonant, sonorous, vowel, eloquent, instrumental, sung; antonym (adj) quiet. sessiz 1. quiet (sakin); synonyms (adj) still, lull, pacify, cool, gentle, motionless, peaceful, (v) appease, moderate, assuage, allay, (n) calm, hush, compose, ease; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, (n) noise, 2. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive, mute, peace, placid, sedate, (v) quiet, soothe, tranquil; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, 3. silent; synonyms (adj) dumb, tacit, inarticulate, inaudible, incommunicative, mum, noiseless, reserved, reticent, taciturn, implicit, soundless, speechless, dormant, unpronounced; antonyms (adj) spoken, explicit, open, 4. dumb; synonyms (adj) dense, dim, dull, obtuse, slow, stupid, idiotic, thick, voiceless, aphonous, 5. mum; synonyms (n) mama, mamma, mammy, mater, mom, momma, mommy, mother, secrecy, mummy, 6. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty. sessizce silently; synonyms (adv) mutely, noiselessly, quietly, stilly, secretly, faintly, furtively, indistinctly, patiently, peaceably, privately, taciturnly, whistly, wordlessly, cautiously; antonym (adv) noisily. sessizlik 1. silence; synonyms (n) quiet, calm, lull, mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still, allay, mute, pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush, (adj) appease; antonyms (n) noise, sound, 2. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) cool, gentle, motionless,

peaceful, placid, tranquil, tranquilize, (v) moderate, assuage, silence, easy, repose, (n) compose, ease, peace; antonyms (adj) loud, noisy, talkative, vociferous, active. set 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 2. bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, slope, store, limit, stack, bluff, heap, hill, riverside, (v) embankment, gradient, deposit, mound, rely; antonym (v) withdraw, 3. terrace; synonyms (n) patio, bench, veranda, porch, balcony, yard, accommodation, backyard, building, bungalow, cottage, farmhouse, green, grounds, igloo. sevecen tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, (v) proffer, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough. sevecenlik 1. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence, clemency, compassion, courtesy, generosity, affection, benignity, consideration, cordiality, favor, friendliness, gentleness, goodness, grace, graciousness; antonyms (n) unkindness, callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite, unfriendliness, maliciousness, 2. compassion; synonyms (n) pity, mercy, charity, commiseration, sympathy, forgiveness, remorse, tenderness, condolence, feeling, humanity, leniency, warmth, empathy, (adj) kindness; antonym (n) indifference. seven loving; synonyms (adj) affectionate, devoted, fond, amorous, kind, tender, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, caring, compassionate, fatherly, gentle, enamored; antonyms (adj) cold, uncaring. sevgi 1. love (aşk, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, beloved, darling, devotion, honey, (v) cherish, enjoy, like; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor, 2. affection; synonyms (n) affect, affectionateness, disease, feeling, heart, kindness, love, tenderness, admiration, care, complaint, condition, emotion, esteem, (v) regard, 3. attachment; synonyms (n) appendix, accessory, addition, adherence, appendage, association, bond, connection, fitting, link, tie, annex, addendum, fastener, inclination; antonym (n) detachment. sevgili 1. dear; synonyms (adj) beloved, close, costly, expensive, lovely, precious, near, adorable, affectionate, cherished, familiar, high, (n) darling, love, honey; antonyms (adj) cheap, worthless, 2. love (aşk, sevgi, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, devotion, sweetheart, favor, (v)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English cherish, enjoy, like, worship; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor, 3. beloved; synonyms (adj) favorite, loved, pet, sweet, valued, (n) dearest, agreeable, idol, lover, 4. darling; synonyms (adj) pretty, (n) deary, angel, treasure, duck, ducky, favourite, flame, 5. girl (kız); synonyms (n) damsel, lady, daughter, fille, lass, maid, wench, virgin, quean, female, girlfriend, woman, 6. favourite; synonyms (adj) favored, (n) dearie, blaze, ingle, fire, fireplace, paramour, 7. lover; synonyms (n) beau, devotee, fan, admirer, buff, amorist, man, gallant, boyfriend, enthusiast, follower, afficionado, 8. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable. sevgilim darling; synonyms (adj) beloved, pet, costly, sweet, pretty, adorable, (n) dear, favorite, deary, love, angel, treasure, duck, ducky, (v) precious. sevi love (aşk, sevgi, sevgili, sevmek); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, beloved, darling, devotion, honey, (v) cherish, enjoy, like; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor. sevimli 1. nice; synonyms (adj) beautiful, dainty, fastidious, fine, good, kind, lovely, neat, likable, delicious, agreeable, correct, decent, delicate, difficult; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, horrible, 2. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, fresh, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, honeyed, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 3. pretty (güzel); synonyms (adv) very, fairly, jolly, quite, rather, (adj) fair, graceful, attractive, handsome, good-looking, picturesque, cute, elegant, smart, (n) nice; antonym (adj) ugly, 4. lovely (güzel); synonyms (adj) enchanting, alluring, adorable, endearing, exquisite, gorgeous, gracious, appealing, delectable, glamorous, heavenly, pretty, stunning, divine, (n) beauty; antonyms (adj) hideous, terrible, unattractive, 5. charming; synonyms (adj) amiable, captivating, winning, amusing, bewitching, fascinating, magic, magical, sweet, tempting, wizard, magnetic, compelling, desirable, engaging; antonyms (adj) repellent, unappealing, 6. winning; synonyms (v) seductive, (adj) triumphant, victorious, fetching, taking, successful, inviting, disarming, ingratiating, persuasive; antonym (adv) losing. sevinç 1. joy; synonyms (n) delight, enjoyment, elation, gladness, glee, happiness, pleasure, bliss, ecstasy, excitement, exhilaration, exultation, fun, (v) exult, cheer; antonyms (n) misery, sorrow, sadness,

399

disaster, grief, 2. delight; synonyms (n) joy, amusement, rejoicing, delectation, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, enrapture, gratify, transport, content, divert, enchant; antonyms (v) depress, displease. sevinçli 1. happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate, felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, (n) auspicious, blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful, 2. glad (memnun); synonyms (adj) jubilant, delighted, festive, delightful, genial, willing, beaming, blissful, happy, proud, elated, jovial, joyful, joyous, lief. sevindirmek 1. delight; synonyms (n) joy, amusement, pleasure, rejoicing, bliss, delectation, gladness, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, cheer, enrapture, gratify; antonyms (n) sorrow, misery, (v) depress, displease, 2. please (lütfen, memnun etmek); synonyms (v) delight, entertain, like, oblige, enchant, accommodate, divert, gladden, indulge, satisfy, suit, enthrall, tickle, (adj) enjoy, content; antonyms (v) annoy, anger, irritate, distress. sevişmek pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, favored, (n) favorite, darling, love, beloved, ducky, (v) caress, dear, dandle, fondle, baby, pamper, cherish, indulge. seviye 1. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise, 2. plane (planya, uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, face, aeroplane, aircraft, stage, surface, jet, craft, facet, planer, (v) shave, hover, (adj) level, smooth, flush. sevk expedition; synonyms (n) excursion, dispatch, journey, travel, celerity, exploration, haste, outing, quest, readiness, speed, tour, trip, (v) campaign, crusade. sevmek 1. love (aşk, sevgi, sevgili); synonyms (n) desire, affection, dear, fondness, liking, benevolence, charity, attachment, beloved, darling, devotion, honey, (v) cherish, enjoy, like; antonyms (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, (v) hate, dislike, abhor, 2. like (beğenmek, benzer); synonyms (v) corresponding, identical, care, fancy, (adj) equal, equivalent, alike, analogous, comparable, same, parallel, similar, such, (n) love, relish; antonyms (prep) unlike, (adj) different, 3. enjoy (beğenmek); synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, delight, experience, own, rejoice, revel, devour, take, suffer, joy, (adj) luxuriate, 4. pet; synonyms (adj) favourite, favored, precious, (n) favorite, ducky, coddle, hug, (v) caress, dandle, fondle, baby, pamper, indulge, pat, cuddle.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

400

Turkish - English

seyahat 1. journey (yolculuk); synonyms (n) jaunt,

sezmek 1. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his);

excursion, expedition, passage, trip, way, course, flight, outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare, navigate, 2. travel; synonyms (n) journey, pass, stroke, tour, voyage, (v) run, proceed, move, roam, ride, ramble, sail, drive, range, track, 3. travelling; synonyms (n) traveling, locomotion, 4. voyage; synonym (n) quest. seyir 1. course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) rule, dash, gush, race, conduct, direct, function, go, hasten, hurry, operate, (n) pass, campaign, course, drive. seyirciler audience (dinleyiciler); synonyms (n) hearing, interview, attendance, house, meeting, turnout, audition, congregation, crowd, following, public, spectators, (v) auditory. seyrek 1. rare; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, uncommon, exceptional, infrequent, precious, scarce, seldom, thin, unusual, few, choice, curious, fine, odd, peculiar; antonyms (adj) common, frequent, ordinary, 2. seldom; synonyms (adv) rarely, occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, (adj) rare; antonyms (adv) frequently, often, 3. thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer, subtle, scanty; antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken. seyretme watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance. seyretmek watch (bakmak); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance. seyyah traveller; synonym (n) traveler. seyyar 1. mobile; synonyms (adj) changeable, fluid, unsettled, mercurial, expressive, lively, migrant, motile, erratic, flying, nomadic, peregrine, roving, (v) movable, shifting; antonyms (adj) immobile, impassive, motionless, 2. travelling; synonyms (n) traveling, travel, locomotion. sezgi feeling (duygu); synonyms (n) affection, feel, passion, emotion, atmosphere, belief, hunch, impression, intuition, mood, opinion, sense, sensitivity, sentiment, enthusiasm; antonyms (n) numbness, indifference. seziş perception (algı); synonyms (n) apprehension, conception, idea, notion, discernment, feeling, impression, insight, comprehension, acumen, awareness, image, observation, penetration, sensation.

synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 2. scent; synonyms (n) perfume, fragrance, smell, aroma, bouquet, essence, redolence, odour, savor, flavor, flavour, incense, clue, (v) odor, nose, 3. feel (hissetmek); synonyms (v) sense, consider, finger, handle, believe, deem, endure, find, hold, suffer, (n) touch, atmosphere, sound, texture, air; antonym (v) observe, 4. detect; synonyms (v) catch, discover, ascertain, discern, notice, see, spot, trace, determine, distinguish, identify, locate, descry, sniff, encounter, 5. smell (koklamak); synonyms (n) savour, stench, smack, olfaction, relish, breath, smelling, tang, look, (v) reek, scent, stink, snuff. sezon season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate. sıcak 1. warm (ılık, ısıtmak); synonyms (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, caring, enthusiastic, genial, glowing, hearty; antonyms (adj) aloof, cold, unfriendly, reserved, hostile, (v) cool, chill, 2. hot; synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy, angry, new; antonyms (adj) mild, freezing, airy, bland, chilly. sıcaklık 1. heat (ısı); synonyms (n) glow, fervor, summer, warmth, ardor, caloric, estrus, fire, (v) bake, burn, anger, chafe, (adj) fever, excitement, passion; antonyms (n) cold, chill, (v) cool, 2. warmth; synonyms (n) heat, temperature, geniality, warmness, affection, tenderness, fondness, friendliness, hotness, sympathy, cordiality, enthusiasm, feeling, zeal, (adj) verve; antonyms (n) aloofness, chilliness, coldness, coolness, unfriendliness. sıçan 1. rat; synonyms (n) grass, informer, apostate, betrayer, scab, renegade, (v) blackleg, denounce, betray, peach, sing, apostatize, squeal, defect, inform, 2. mouse (fare); synonyms (n) track, trail, hunt, trace, coward, bruise, (v) sneak, creep, steal, snoop, seek, abstract, cabbage, cower, crawl. sicil 1. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) record, list, inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, roll, (v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter, indicate, read, show,

2. record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, disk, document, history, deed, disc, journal, log, story, (v) report, score, inscribe, mark, enrol, tally. sicim 1. string (dizi, ip); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tape, lace, rope, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable, corduroy, tether, twist, (v) knot, 3. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, crease, stock, trace, way, (v) order, wrinkle. sıçma shit (bok); synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker, dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure. sıçmak shit (bok); synonyms (n) crap, bullshit, cocksucker, dump, junk, poop, bull, bunk, (v) stool, defecate, (adj) excrement, dung, faeces, feces, ordure. sıçrama 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free, 2. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, go, increase, lunge, plunge, (n) bound, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 3. jumping; synonyms (v) bounding, salient, conspicuous, dancing, saltant, (adj) moving, active, festive, industrious, lively, merry, noisy, spirited, sprightly, tireless, 4. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) fountain, source, jet, cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil, proceed, arise, issue, prance, vault, (adj) elastic, 5. start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, commence, drive, launch, embark, activate, enter, flinch, open, (n) onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement, dawn; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. sıçramak 1. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) hop, spring, dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, (n) leap, bound, bounce, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall, 2. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, fountain, source, jet, cause, font, fount, ramp, (v) originate, recoil, proceed, arise, issue, prance, (adj) elastic. sidik urine; synonyms (n) piss, pee, water, piddle, emiction, lanterloo, netting, peeing, pissing, weewee. sıfat 1. adjective; synonyms (adj) adjectival, procedural, 2. capacity (kapasite); synonyms (n) capability, aptitude, capacitance, function, intelligence, talent, might, dimension, content, endowment, faculty, gift, measure, position, (adj) ability; antonyms (n) inability, incapability. sıfır 1. zero; synonyms (n) nil, nothing, nobody, cipher, naught, cypher, nought, null, nihil, nullity, aught, nix, root, zilch, zip, 2. nothing (hiç, hiçbir şey); synonyms (n) zero, nonentity, trifle, nada, oblivion, (adj) worthless; antonym (pron) something.

401

sığ shallow; synonyms (adj) shoal, superficial, low, cursory, petty, little, sketchy, flimsy, frivolous, simple, surface, dull, mean, airy, facile; antonyms (adj) deep, bottomless. sigara 1. cigarette; synonyms (n) cigaret, fag, butt, arse, ass, backside, behind, bottom, bum, buns, buttocks, can, scroll, derriere, (adj) cigar, 2. smoke (duman); synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek, fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj) smudge. sığınak 1. refuge; synonyms (n) protection, asylum, sanctuary, resort, retreat, safety, cover, haven, shelter, harbor, hideaway, hideout, covert, (v) recourse, haunt, 2. asylum; synonyms (n) refuge, home, institution, madhouse, 3. harbour (liman); synonyms (n) seaport, (v) entertain, contain, bear, hold, nurse, shield, 4. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, spread; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover, 5. sanctuary; synonyms (n) shrine, reservation, chancel, church, port, security, temple, altar, bema, 6. shelter; synonyms (n) guard, protect, hut, shade, lee, lodge, burrow, lodging, shadow, housing, (v) defend, hide, keep, preserve, (adj) defense, 7. retreat; synonyms (n) departure, den, lair, privacy, retirement, withdrawal, (v) recede, retire, withdraw, depart, ebb, leave, return, exit, retract; antonyms (n) raid, (v) advance. sığır cattle; synonyms (n) beast, cows, stock, kine, livestock, oxen, sheep, antelopes, bison, camels, crowd, mob, public, barb, bidet. sığırlar cattle; synonyms (n) beast, cows, stock, kine, livestock, oxen, sheep, antelopes, bison, camels, crowd, mob, public, barb, bidet. sigorta 1. insurance; synonyms (n) assurance, guarantee, indemnity, coverage, policy, security, warranty, 2. assurance (güvence); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, pledge, affiance, certitude, conviction, faith, nerve, poise, promise, reliance, sureness, trust, vow, warrant; antonym (n) insecurity. sigortalama insurance (sigorta); synonyms (n) assurance, guarantee, indemnity, coverage, policy, security, warranty. sihir 1. magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming, supernatural, (n) conjuration, incantation, charm, enchantment, legerdemain, sorcery, glamour, fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception, 2. spell; synonyms (n) magic, bout, period, turn, span, bewitchment, space, captivation, attack, fit, run, season, (v) bewitch, enchant, import. sihirbazlık magic; synonyms (adj) magical, charming, supernatural, (n) conjuration, incantation, charm, enchantment, legerdemain, sorcery, glamour, fascination, illusion, theurgy, trick, deception.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

402

Turkish - English

sık 1. dense (yoğun); synonyms (adj) compact, thick, close, crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy, impenetrable, solid, stupid, concentrated, dumb, firm; antonyms (adj) bright, insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable, simple, sparse, 2. thick (kalın); synonyms (adj) dense, opaque, slow, stocky, familiar, fat, gross, intimate, muddy, obtuse, broad, populous, frequent, chummy, (n) midst; antonyms (adj) thin, diluted, fine, slight, transparent. sıkı 1. compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense, compendious, concise, hard, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse, 2. firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant, stable, compact, determined, fixed, resolute, solid, steadfast, steady, strong, decisive, fast, (v) faithful, durable; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 3. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, colorfast, dissipated, expeditious, (adv) soon, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 4. strict; synonyms (adj) rigid, severe, stern, correct, accurate, austere, harsh, precise, rigorous, scrupulous, exacting, inflexible, stiff, meticulous, (v) exact; antonyms (adj) lenient, free, lax, flexible, imprecise, negligent, relaxed, 5. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) bad, difficult, grave, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, bitter, alcoholic, backbreaking, complicated, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) easy, kind, merciful, simple, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 6. solid (katı); synonyms (adj) consistent, real, good, massive, secure, substantial, hearty, heavy, material, potent, reliable, sturdy, thick, whole, certain; antonyms (adj) unreliable, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, 7. tight; synonyms (adj) mean, parsimonious, taut, snug, tense, drunk, miserly, sparing, strict, stringent, impervious, (adv) closely, (v) narrow, stingy, near; antonyms (adj) baggy, generous, slack, wide, (adv) loosely. sıkıca fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge. sıkıcı 1. boring; synonyms (adj) dull, tedious, tiresome, annoying, arid, bland, dreary, monotonous, prosaic, tame, uninteresting, wearisome, vapid, drab, (n) drilling; antonyms (adj) exciting, fascinating, interesting, gripping, original, thrilling, varied, 2. dull; synonyms (adj) dim, blunt, dense, sluggish, boring, cloudy, cold, dark, dismal, inactive, inert, obtuse, slack, (v) deaden, dampen;

antonyms (adj) bright, lively, sharp, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny, sparkling, 3. gloomy; synonyms (adj) black, cheerless, dejected, depressing, desolate, disconsolate, downcast, dingy, downhearted, funereal, melancholy, sad, dispirited, bleak, blue; antonyms (adj) cheerful, cheery, encouraging, happy, hopeful, light, 4. tedious; synonyms (adj) slow, heavy, dry, flat, humdrum, irksome, lifeless, deadly, insipid, verbose, stodgy, prolix, lengthy, burdensome, (v) stupid; antonym (adj) easy. sıkılgan shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. sıkıntı 1. oppression; synonyms (n) injustice, abuse, despotism, tyranny, weight, dictatorship, stress, wrong, severity, violence, compression, (v) hardship, grievance, (adj) autocracy, molestation, 2. boredom; synonyms (n) tedium, monotony, doldrums, dullness, ennui, tediousness, melancholy; antonyms (n) excitement, enjoyment, 3. bother; synonyms (v) trouble, annoy, torment, vex, worry, afflict, aggravate, (n) fuss, plague, bore, hassle, pain, ado, annoyance, concern; antonyms (v) delight, please, soothe, (n) pleasure, 4. distress (acı); synonyms (n) agony, anguish, anxiety, calamity, difficulty, grief, hurt, torture, adversity, affliction, alarm, (v) bother, upset, discomfort, distraint; antonym (v) comfort, 5. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, care, harass, load, misfortune, problem, (v) inconvenience, disorder, disquiet, agitate, burden, distract, disturb, perturb, confuse; antonym (v) calm, 6. discomfort; synonyms (n) uneasiness, unease, agitation, displeasure, malaise, misery, restlessness, soreness, suffering, uncomfortableness, awkwardness, dissatisfaction; antonym (v) ease, 7. gloom; synonyms (n) desolation, blackness, dark, darkness, depression, dimness, dusk, cloud, dreariness, dejection, despair, despondency, shadow, night, (adj) obscurity; antonyms (n) light, brightness, happiness, cheerfulness, 8. hardship; synonyms (n) disaster, asperity, deprivation, destitution, poverty, trial, catastrophe, hardness, strait, neediness, penury, pressure, rigour, sorrow, want; antonym (n) affluence, 9. want (istemek); synonyms (v) need, desire, require, like, (n) lack, wish, deficiency, famine, absence, dearth, demand, indigence, necessity, privation, shortage; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. sıkıntılı uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned, nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj) calm. sıkışıklık jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v) free. sıkışmak jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v) free. sıkıştırma compression; synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion. sıkıştırmak 1. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, cluster, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress; antonym (v) disperse, 2. jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder, impede; antonym (v) free, 3. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, power, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, thrust, compel, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 4. press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, newspaper, (v) pack, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, squash, stress, entreat, (adj) weigh, 5. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, (adj) burst, spurt, 6. push (itmek); synonyms (n) jolt, poke, elbow, (v) jab, jostle, nudge, prod, rush, boost, fight, incite, jog, labor, plug, promote; antonyms (v) pull, drag, haul. sikke coin; synonyms (n) cash, money, specie, currency, piece, (v) forge, invent, mint, originate, create, strike, cast, devise, fabricate, weave. sıklık 1. frequency (frekans); synonyms (n) frequence, incidence, commonness, prevalence, constancy, oftenness, abundance, oftness, pitch, density, community, concourse, crowd, generalness, measure, 2. density (yoğunluk); synonyms (n) compactness, consistency, concentration, denseness, stupidity, firmness, solidity, massiveness, stand, crassitude, frequency, weight, absorption, assiduity, assiduousness; antonym (n) looseness. sıkmak press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce, compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. sikme fuck; synonyms (v) screw, bang, bonk, hump, jazz, fornicate, (n) fucking, nookie, shag, ass. sikmek fuck; synonyms (v) screw, bang, bonk, hump, jazz, fornicate, (n) fucking, nookie, shag, ass.

403

silah 1. weapon; synonyms (n) gun, arm, missile, artillery, blade, firearm, spear, steel, tool, implement, ordnance, bat, bludgeon, branch, club, 2. gun (top, tüfek); synonyms (n) gunman, handgun, pistol, revolver, shooter, torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker. silgi 1. rubber (kauçuk); synonyms (n) caoutchouc, condom, eraser, galosh, overshoe, prophylactic, arctic, golosh, gumshoe, (v) rubberize, 2. cleaner; synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter, custodian, donkeyman. silindir 1. cylinder; synonyms (n) barrel, roll, pipe, tube, column, container, spool, bottle, cask, reel, bolt, can, filling, flask, (adj) cylindroid, 2. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow, wind. silkelemek shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake. silkmek shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake. silme wipe (silmek); synonyms (v) rub, clean, mop, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash, cover, (n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush.

silmek 1. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate, 2. wipe; synonyms (v) rub, clean, mop, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash, cover, (n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush, 3. remove (kaldırmak); synonyms (v) oust, take, pull, eject, expel, deduct, discharge, strip, delete, evacuate, extract, get, dislodge, draw, empty; antonyms (v) insert, install, place. silsile series (dizi, seri); synonyms (n) chain, rank, collection, cycle, line, round, run, sequence, serial, set, string, succession, (v) course, order, (adj) progression. sima face (çehre, surat, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back. simetri symmetry; synonyms (n) balance, proportion, order, correspondence, equilibrium, regularity, consistency, harmony, coextension, composition, counterbalance, equality, equipoise, parity, symmetricalness; antonyms (n) asymmetry, disproportion, irregularity. simge symbol (sembol); synonyms (n) sign, emblem, number, badge, mark, stamp, insignia, numeral, token, type, allegory, character, figure, image, indication.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

404

Turkish - English

simgesel symbolic; synonyms (adj) emblematical,

(v) sort, place, rank, categorize, classify, order,

representative, emblematic, figurative, symbolical, characteristic, metaphorical, significant, (v) typical, symptomatic, diacritical, (n) symbolics; antonym (adj) literal. simsar broker (komisyoncu); synonyms (n) mediator, agent, go-between, factor, middleman, dealer, attorney, intermediary, bailiff, merchant. simultane simultaneous; synonyms (adj) coincident, concurrent, coincidental, synchronous, contemporary, synchronal, coinciding, cooccurring; antonyms (adj) independent, separate. sınama test (sınamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, examination, measure, (v) assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze, attempt. sınamak 1. test; synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, examination, measure, (v) assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze, attempt, 2. examine; synonyms (v) audit, consider, overhaul, control, search, survey, ascertain, ask, contemplate, compare, canvass, investigate, probe, review, study, 3. try; synonyms (v) test, struggle, strive, judge, strain, seek, taste, adjudicate, aim, (n) endeavor, chance, effort, shot, go, crack. sınav 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) audit, check, exam, search, test, consideration, exploration, inquiry, investigation, study, survey, testing, contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2. test (sınamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, examination, measure, criterion, (v) assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, try, analyze, attempt, 3. trial (deneme); synonyms (n) affliction, hardship, hearing, adversity, difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, misery, proof, trouble, misfortune, sorrow, ordeal, (adj) experimental. sindirmek 1. cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully, intimidate, awe, browbeat, daunt, terrorize, discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash, 2. stomach (mide); synonyms (n) abdomen, appetite, belly, breadbasket, inclination, (v) accept, brook, abide, bear, endure, stand, suffer, take, tolerate, (adj) digest. sinek 1. fly (uçmak); synonyms (v) escape, dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. club (kulüp); synonyms (n) association, bat, circle, society, stick, baton, company, cudgel, fraternity, gang, group, guild, (v) beat, bludgeon, hit. sinema cinema; synonyms (n) movies, film, show, celluloid. sini tray (tepsi); synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket, bassinet, case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser, dosser, hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard. sınıf 1. class; synonyms (n) category, group, form, grade, position, arrange, brand, department, kind,

grade (derece); synonyms (n) class, degree,

2.

gradient, score, quality, slope, division, plane, caliber, extent, (v) level, evaluate, range, appraise, even, 3. category (kategori, ulam); synonyms (n) denomination, type, variety, cohort, plight, breed, classification, collection, estate, family, nature, predicament, section, set, species, 4. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) figure, design, ceremony, shape, conformation, (v) cast, make, fashion, build, constitute, establish, carve, construct, create, do, 5. sphere; synonyms (n) region, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle, globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field, orb, capacity, 6. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, charge, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, genus, (v) direct, commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 7. classroom; synonym (n) schoolroom, 8. rate (oran); synonyms (n) price, worth, pace, value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, appreciate, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, esteem, gauge, 9. rank (sıra); synonyms (n) file, gradation, line, rate, post, arrangement, distinction, (adj) putrid, luxuriant, bad, egregious, fetid, flagrant, foul, glaring; antonym (adj) fresh. sınıflama classification; synonyms (n) arrangement, categorization, class, grading, assortment, categorisation, category, order, rank, analysis, breakdown, classifying, method, disposition, section; antonym (n) declassification. sınıflandırılmış classified; synonyms (adj) confidential, secret, clandestine, private, hushhush, inside, chronological, exclusive, personal, privileged, regular, concealed, confidence, undisclosed. sınıflandırma classification; synonyms (n) arrangement, categorization, class, grading, assortment, categorisation, category, order, rank, analysis, breakdown, classifying, method, disposition, section; antonym (n) declassification. sınıflandırmak 1. sort; synonyms (n) kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form, rank, variety, pattern, (v) class, group, arrange, classify, divide, (adj) manner, 2. label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, ticket, (v) mark, call, check, designate, distinguish, identify, denounce, 3. grade (derece); synonyms (n) place, degree, order, category, gradient, score, quality, slope, division, plane, caliber, (v) level, evaluate, range, appraise, 4. class (sınıf); synonyms (n) grade, position, department, classification, course, denomination, elegance, family, like, workshop, (v) sort, categorize, assort, branch, pigeonhole.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

405

sinir nerve; synonyms (n) audacity, cheek,

sınırlamak 1. restrict; synonyms (v) limit, restrain,

impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring, face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice. sınır 1. limit; synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend, 2. boundary; synonyms (n) limit, area, end, perimeter, periphery, barrier, brink, fringe, frontier, line, margin, outskirts, rim, verge, bounds, 3. border (kenar); synonyms (n) extremity, bed, brim, skirt, limits, rand, edging, (v) abut, adjoin, hem, surround, approach, butt, enclose, flank; antonym (n) middle, 4. compass (pusula); synonyms (n) range, scope, circle, circumference, reach, room, breadth, ambit, (v) round, get, grasp, accomplish, achieve, apprehend, (adv) beset, 5. frontier; synonyms (n) stint, backwoods, (adj) terminal, 6. bound; synonyms (v) leap, bounce, pounce, rebound, skip, vault, define, caper, (adj) bandaged, (n) spring, jump, compass, hop, recoil, limitation; antonym (adj) free, 7. verge (kenar); synonyms (n) side, threshold, term, point, scepter, sceptre, wand, bourn, (v) bend, incline, tend, trend, conduce, contribute, dispose, 8. extreme (aşırı); synonyms (adj) deep, excessive, enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, supreme, terrible, ultimate, utmost, uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, exceeding, exorbitant; antonyms (adj) reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 9. margin (kenar); synonyms (n) bank, allowance, leeway, lip, brow, borderline, freedom, play, shore, space, tolerance, demarcation, elbowroom, latitude, margent, 10. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, assess. sınırlama 1. restriction; synonyms (n) limitation, limit, restraint, curb, confinement, check, constraint, control, qualification, embargo, bridle, ban, confine, impediment, (v) hindrance; antonyms (n) freedom, extension, 2. limitation; synonyms (n) circumscription, restriction, demarcation, condition, disadvantage, handicap, bound, boundary, ceiling, reservation, stipulation, demise, 3. qualification; synonyms (n) capability, competence, fitness, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, requirement, (adj) faculty, endowment, property, attribute, 4. restraint; synonyms (n) moderation, modesty, reserve, containment, obstacle, deterrent, discipline, inhibition, leash, prohibition, repression, forbearance, arrest, detention, (v) obstruction; antonyms (n) excess, abandon, decadence, incentive.

circumscribe, confine, constrain, fetter, bound, curb, curtail, forbid, hamper, reduce, ration, bind, check, 2. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, pounce, rebound, restrict, skip, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop, recoil; antonym (adj) free. sınırlandırmak limit (sınır); synonyms (n) bound, boundary, edge, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, close, constrain, curtail, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend. sınırlayıcı restrictive; synonyms (adj) prohibitive, restraining, exclusive, restricted, astringent, binding, clannish, coactive, compulsory, conditional, costive, obligatory, opposed, preventive, (v) limitary; antonym (adj) encouraging. sinirlendirme irritation; synonyms (n) aggravation, exasperation, anger, annoyance, displeasure, bother, excitation, excitement, temper, annoying, frustration, irritability, nuisance, pique, rage; antonym (n) pleasure. sinirli nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious, excitable, tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive, fearful, shy, uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, (adv) excited, agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave, relaxed. sınırlı 1. limited; synonyms (adj) finite, circumscribed, moderate, qualified, special, insular, bounded, narrow, scanty, slender, particular, specific, definite, conditional, constricted; antonyms (adj) boundless, infinite, limitless, open, complete, never-ending, unlimited, wide, 2. narrow (dar); synonyms (adj) close, limited, little, cramped, illiberal, mean, (v) confined, contract, limit, lessen, constrict, shrink, abridge, dwindle, intimate; antonyms (adj) broad, comprehensive, extensive, (v) widen, extend, 3. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, brief, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) start, 4. restricted; synonyms (adj) constrained, exclusive, local, controlled, prohibited, classified, secret, private, reserved, captive, fixed, precise; antonyms (adj) unrestricted, far-reaching, free, liberated, unimpeded. sınırsız 1. unlimited; synonyms (adj) boundless, unbounded, endless, immeasurable, limitless, unconditional, absolute, indefinite, infinite, total, measureless, illimitable, interminable, unqualified, unrestricted; antonyms (adj) limited, restricted, partial, 2. infinite (sonsuz); synonyms (adj) countless, eternal, immense, incalculable, innumerable, everlasting, enormous, multitudinous, myriad, unending, unfathomable, unlimited, vast, numerous, continual; antonym (adj) finite.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

406

Turkish - English

sinyal signal (işaret); synonyms (n) sign, gesture, indication, presage, flag, alarm, mark, motion, (v) omen, indicate, wave, alert, betoken, (adj) conspicuous, memorable.

sipariş order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request. siper 1. shield (kalkan, korumak); synonyms (n) screen, shelter, buffer, armor, protection, shade, (v) cover, guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend, hide, protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose, 2. trench; synonyms (n) channel, ditch, drain, furrow, cut, dike, groove, gutter, hollow, dugout, foxhole, sewer, (v) encroach, excavate, infringe, 3. shelter; synonyms (n) refuge, asylum, harbor, sanctuary, security, shield, hut, covert, haven, lee, lodge, burrow, safety, (v) keep, (adj) defense, 4. screen (ekran, perde); synonyms (n) blind, riddle, disguise, partition, veil, curtain, drape, concealment, divider, (v) conceal, mask, cloak, filter, obscure, sieve. sipsi reed (kamış); synonyms (n) triangle, xylophone, arrow, pipe, dart, stalk, fistula, javelin, jereed, jerid, lance, pen, pike, spear, (adj) thread. sır 1. mystery; synonyms (n) conundrum, arcanum, enigma, secret, mysteriousness, puzzle, secrecy, craft, perplexity, poser, problem, riddle, whodunit, cabala, question; antonyms (n) clearness, explanation, 2. secret; synonyms (adj) concealed, covert, hidden, mysterious, confidential, furtive, obscure, occult, clandestine, dark, esoteric, (n) privacy, (v) private, secluded, close; antonyms (adj) open, (n) known, public, 3. confidence; synonyms (n) assurance, trust, belief, certainty, certitude, faith, hope, conviction, credence, credit, expectation, intimacy, nerve, reliance, security; antonyms (n) insecurity, uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity. sıra 1. rank; synonyms (n) range, place, file, gradation, line, degree, quality, (v) arrange, order, class, classify, grade, position, array, group; antonym (adj) fresh, 2. sequence; synonyms (n) series, succession, course, arrangement, chain, consequence, episode, procession, progression, concatenation, pattern, continuity, cycle, effect, rank, 3. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, sort, charge, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, kind, (v) direct, commission, call, ordain; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 4. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, house, breed, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, stock, trace, way, 5. bench

(bank); synonyms (n) settle, chair, court, terrace, workbench, bank, bar, judicatory, board, couch, form, judiciary, table, tribunal, 6. file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, record, roll, string, tabulate, inventory, case, catalog, (v) rasp, register, scrape, abrade, grind, 7. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle, shift, 8. row; synonyms (n) altercation, squabble, wrangle, clash, dispute, turmoil, argument, (v) quarrel, brawl, fight, argue, bicker, broil, (adj) fracas, riot; antonyms (n) agreement, (v) agree, 9. series (dizi, seri); synonyms (n) collection, run, sequence, serial, set, rash, suite, variety, gamut, scale, (v) train, 10. queue (kuyruk); synonyms (n) cue, tail, rear, wake, catchword, flap, humor, (v) align, adjust, aline, dress, find, 11. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, compass, reach, scope, domain, distance, extent, latitude, pasture, rove, (v) roam, ramble, wander, gad, dispose, 12. array (dizi); synonyms (n) garment, army, assortment, crowd, host, (v) attire, adorn, apparel, clothe, deck, display, garb, ornament, dight, equip; antonym (v) disarray, 13. occasion; synonyms (n) event, chance, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, circumstance, (v) cause, create, beget, induce, make, raise, generate, 14. arrangement; synonyms (n) settlement, adjustment, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, system, accommodation, appointment, accord, composition, construction, contrivance, 15. succession; synonyms (n) continuation, reversion, consecution, successiveness, flow, harping, iteration, race, recurrence, reiteration, 16. train (tren); synonyms (n) caravan, (v) aim, coach, educate, exercise, trail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school, domesticate, practice, drag. sıradan 1. ordinary; synonyms (adj) middling, average, familiar, mediocre, usual, commonplace, everyday, habitual, normal, mean, banal, (n) common, customary, accustomed, (v) general; antonyms (adj) extraordinary, unusual, incredible, outstanding, peculiar, strange, special, distinguished, famous, 2. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj) ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, vulgar, base, ignoble, plebeian, public, trivial, prosaic, poor, collective, communal, (n) commons; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, infrequent. sıralamak sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) kind, type, assortment, breed, description, form, rank, variety, pattern, (v) class, group, arrange, classify, divide, (adj) manner.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

407

sırdaşlık confidence; synonyms (n) assurance, trust,

sis 1. fog; synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor, brume,

belief, certainty, certitude, faith, hope, conviction, credence, credit, expectation, intimacy, nerve, reliance, security; antonyms (n) insecurity, uncertainty, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity. sırf 1. mere; synonyms (adj) bare, entire, pure, simple, clear, naked, (n) lake, loch, downright, tarn, absolute, boundary, pond, stark, (v) sheer, 2. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) alone, but, exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however, (adj) exclusive, individual, lone, one, sole, all, 3. sheer; synonyms (adj) mere, bold, diaphanous, filmy, gauzy, gossamer, steep, transparent, regular, perpendicular, flimsy, rank, blatant, (n) complete, perfect; antonyms (adj) gentle, thick, 4. solely; synonyms (adv) only, wholly, purely, completely, (adj) singly. sırık 1. pole (kutup); synonyms (n) perch, bar, picket, post, rod, support, terminal, axle, beam, axis, extremity, pin, baton, column, pillar, 2. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 3. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, impale. sırıtma grin; synonyms (n) smile, grinning, smirk, simper, (v) beam, laugh, sneer, leer. sırıtmak grin; synonyms (n) smile, grinning, smirk, simper, (v) beam, laugh, sneer, leer. sirkülasyon circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing. sirküler circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square. sırlamak silver (gümüş, gümüş rengi); synonyms (adj) silvery, argent, white, silvern, blanch, bleach, eloquent, etiolate, facile, fluent, gray, (n) money, gold, flatware, (v) plate. sırt 1. back (arka, geri); synonyms (adv) before, backward, (n) rear, (adj) assist, (v) support, advocate, endorse, recede, second, stake, vouch, guarantee, aid, champion, encourage; antonyms (n) face, (v) front, oppose, advance, 2. ridge; synonyms (n) crest, ledge, bank, hill, shelf, dune, swelling, peak, projection, ridgepole, wrinkle, button, peg, (v) crease, fold, 3. shoulder (banket, omuz); synonyms (n) elbow, back, scale, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, sustain, assume, accept, shove, take, thrust, undertake.

confusion, daze, damp, smoke, (v) mist, confuse, blur, dim, becloud, befog, darken, 2. mist; synonyms (n) fog, film, steam, rain, (v) cover, obscure, drizzle, bedim, hide, squirt. sıska spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, save, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, (n) extra, backup. sistem 1. system; synonyms (n) method, arrangement, network, organization, plan, order, means, structure, process, form, frame, rule, establishment, mode, organisation, 2. regime; synonyms (n) administration, government, dynasty, management, regimen, reign, authorities, 3. tract; synonyms (n) area, essay, expanse, pamphlet, region, dissertation, district, extent, section, lot, plot, domain, land, province, belt. sistematik systematic; synonyms (adj) methodical, orderly, regular, tidy, neat, businesslike, logical, correct, consistent, efficient, ordered, shipshape, symmetrical, uniform; antonym (adj) unsystematic. sistemli systematic (sistematik); synonyms (adj) methodical, orderly, regular, tidy, neat, businesslike, logical, correct, consistent, efficient, ordered, shipshape, symmetrical, uniform; antonym (adj) unsystematic. sıva plaster (yakı); synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear. sıvamak plaster (yakı); synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear. sıvı 1. fluid (akıcı, akışkan); synonyms (n) juice, liquor, (adj) liquid, flowing, unsettled, changeable, smooth, fluent, mobile, runny, juicy, uncertain, unstable, variable, watery; antonym (n) solid, 2. liquid; synonyms (adj) fluid, limpid, sappy, succulent, liquefied, liquified, (n) drink, liquidness, sap; antonyms (adj) firm, (n) gaseous. sivil 1. civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic, affable, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic; antonyms (adj) rude, abrupt, 2. civilian; synonyms (adj) civil, (n) citizen, national, carpetmonger, chamberer, chambermaid, civilist, inhabitant, jurist, layman, legist, resident, voter, advocate, commoner; antonyms (adj) military, (n) serviceman. sivri 1. sharp (keskin); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth, 2. acute; synonyms (adj) sharp, critical, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acuate, discerning, discriminating, grave, penetrative,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

408

Turkish - English

perceptive, trenchant, (v) high; antonym (adj) obtuse, 3. pointed; synonyms (adj) poignant, piquant, cutting, marked, pithy, acuminate, barbed, prickly, short, meaningful, fine, thorny, angular, emphatic, jagged. sivrilmek distinguish; synonyms (v) discern, discriminate, describe, know, perceive, discover, descry, behold, characterize, classify, detect, difference, differentiate, identify, recognize; antonym (v) confuse. sivriltmek point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level. siyah black; synonyms (adj) dark, sable, blackamoor, bleak, darkie, dirty, ebony, evil, nigger, unclean, cheerless, squalid, (v) sinister, villainous, blacken; antonym (n) white. siyasal political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil, cunning, following, supporting, ambassadorial, artful, biased, embassy, opinionated, partisan, prudent, sagacious, unscrupulous. siyaset 1. politics (politika); synonyms (n) government, diplomacy, policy, governance, authorities, governing, backroom, bossism, campaigning, civics, electioneering, jungle, legislature, polity, regime, 2. policy (poliçe, politika); synonyms (n) course, plan, approach, insurance, tactics, game, system, method, politics, principle. siyasi political; synonyms (adj) politic, national, civil, cunning, following, supporting, ambassadorial, artful, biased, embassy, opinionated, partisan, prudent, sagacious, unscrupulous. sıyrık scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. sızı pain (ağrı); synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother, ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v) hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble, agonize; antonym (n) pleasure. sizinki yours; synonym (adj) own. sızlamak smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. skala scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. skandal scandal; synonyms (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, backbiting, detraction, dirt, ignominy, opprobrium, shame, obloquy; antonym (n) honor. skeç sketch (taslak); synonyms (n) plan, drawing, outline, scheme, cartoon, project, (v) design, paint,

draft, draw, picture, chart, delineate, depict, describe. skor score; synonyms (n) mark, bill, count, scratch, line, groove, scotch, account, check, debt, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash. slayt slide (kayma); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. soba stove; synonyms (n) range, furnace, heater, ambit, chain, compass, grasp, orbit, reach, scope, warmer. sofra 1. table (çizelge, masa, tablo); synonyms (n) board, chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console, platen, panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate, tablet, (adj) plate, 2. board (tahta); synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, table, office, sign, commission, committee, court, embark, plank, administration, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark. sofu religious; synonyms (adj) pious, devout, divine, sacred, devoted, godly, holy, saintly, scrupulous, ghostly, solemn, spiritual, strict, (n) monk, (v) earnest; antonym (adj) secular. soğan onion; synonyms (n) caviare, pickle, leek, chive. soğuk 1. cold; synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid, aloof, callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic, bleak, cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill; antonyms (adj) warm, friendly, hot, burning, prepared, affectionate, loving, soporific, (n) heat, warmth, 2. bleak; synonyms (adj) austere, bare, barren, cold, dreary, black, desolate, murky, raw, bald, bitter, dark, depressing, gloomy, grim; antonyms (adj) cheerful, hopeful, lush, mild, sunny, 3. distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) remote, detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, removed, standoffish, unfriendly, abstracted, wide, deep, faint, (adv) apart, away; antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, near, nearby, neighboring, pending, alert, intimate, involved, 4. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, gelidity, iciness, quiver, shiver, shivering, shudder, thrill, (adj) frosty, (v) freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen, benumb, 5. frozen; synonyms (adj) arctic, glacial, wintry, stiff, congealed, chilled, gelid, iced, set, fixed, immobile, motionless, numb; antonym (adj) moving, 6. cool; synonyms (adj) collected, composed, fine, lukewarm, soothe, nonchalant, (v) calm, assuage, allay, pacify, quench, refrigerate, (n) composure, poise, aplomb; antonyms (adj) agitated, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, temperate, tepid. soğukkanlı cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. soğukkanlılık 1. cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) audacity, cheek, impertinence, boldness, brass, courage, daring, face, fortitude, heart, impudence, mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone; antonym (n) cowardice. soğukluk 1. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm, 2. cold (soğuk); synonyms (adj) aloof, callous, distant, indifferent, apathetic, dead, dull, hard, heartless, impassive, inhospitable, lukewarm, reserved, (n) chilliness, chill; antonyms (adj) friendly, hot, burning, prepared, affectionate, loving, soporific, 3. distance (uzaklık); synonyms (n) remove, space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, period, place, range, (v) dissociate, outdistance, outstrip, (adj) length; antonyms (n) nearness, proximity, closeness, intimacy, (v) associate. soğumak cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat. soğurma absorption; synonyms (n) assimilation, attention, concentration, inhalation, engrossment, ingestion, preoccupation, abstraction, amalgamation, interest. soğurmak absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume, drink, engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy, suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate, ingest, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit. soğutmak 1. cool; synonyms (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof, apathetic, lukewarm, (v) calm, chill, assuage, allay, pacify, (n) composure, poise; antonyms (adj) agitated, hot, excited, enthusiastic, feverish, friendly, temperate, tepid, (v) warm, heat, 2. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, gelidity, iciness, (adj) bleak, icy, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonym (n) warmth. sohbet 1. chat; synonyms (n) gossip, talk, chatter, chitchat, conversation, causerie, confab, gab, rap, (v) converse, chaffer, confabulate, prattle, speak, tattle; antonym (v) listen, 2. conversation; synonyms (n) chat, conference, colloquy, communication, discourse, discussion, language, speech, talking, palaver, debate, dialogue, interlocution, interview, 3. talk (konuşma, konuşmak); synonyms (v) lecture, address, articulate, prate, babble, parley, tongue, say, jaw, gabble, jabber, communicate, confer, (n) parlance, idiom.

409

sokak street (cadde); synonyms (n) road, avenue, highway, way, route, lane, neighborhood, path, track, thoroughfare, walk, (v) roadway. sokmak 1. bite (ısırmak); synonyms (n) taste, bit, cheat, morsel, (v) sting, nip, chew, cut, pinch, burn, eat, erode, gnaw, hurt, munch, 2. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. sol left; synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd, port, remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended, abandoned, remainder, corrupt, deserted, disastrous, dishonest, evil; antonym (n) right. Sola left (sol); synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd, port, remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended, abandoned, remainder, corrupt, deserted, disastrous, dishonest, evil; antonym (n) right. solda left (sol); synonyms (adj) gone, absent, odd, port, remaining, larboard, sinister, unexpended, abandoned, remainder, corrupt, deserted, disastrous, dishonest, evil; antonym (n) right. soldurmak pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan, dull, light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v) dim, blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound; antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown. solgun 1. pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan, dull, light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v) dim, blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound; antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown, 2. wan; synonyms (v) pale, rueful, (adj) sickly, haggard, ashen, colorless, pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid, ashy, thin, white, deathly. solmak pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, faint, wan, dull, light, pallid, weak, watery, cadaverous, (v) dim, blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound; antonyms (adj) dark, rosy, strong, brown. solmaz fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge. solo solo; synonyms (adj) single, sole, solitary, lone, (adv) alone, only, unaccompanied. soluk 1. breath (nefes); synonyms (n) spirit, wind, air, inspiration, puff, aspiration, breather, breeze, flash, flatus, gust, instant, jiffy, respite, (adj) whisper, 2. faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 3. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, misty, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, (v) brighten, 4. pale; synonyms (adj) ghastly, wan, light, pallid, watery, cadaverous,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

410

Turkish - English

colorless, faded, fair, (v) blanch, (n) boundary, confine, border, bound, limit; antonyms (adj) rosy, brown, 5. wan; synonyms (v) rueful, (adj) sickly, haggard, ashen, pasty, sallow, bloodless, lurid, ashy, thin, white, deathly. solumak breathe (nefes almak); synonyms (v) blow, exhale, live, subsist, be, emit, exist, imply, rest, whisper, inspire, convey, heave, (n) respire, bespeak. solungaç gill; synonyms (n) branchia, lamella, leech, sweetheart, (v) rivulet, gullet, rillet, rill, (adj) adze, ax, hatchet, mattock, pick, pickax.

solüsyon solution (çözelti, çözüm, eriyik); synonyms (n) dissolution, resolution, answer, settlement, resolve, determination, explanation, key, result, remedy, definition, resolving, clarification, liquid, reply. som solid (katı); synonyms (adj) firm, dense, compact, consistent, hard, real, strong, good, fixed, massive, secure, substantial, fast, hearty, (v) close; antonyms (adj) soft, unreliable, loose, gaseous, permeable, runny, transparent, watery, (n) liquid. somun nut; synonyms (n) lunatic, crackpot, crank, eccentric, egg, freak, fruitcake, kernel, head, fruit, kook, maniac, nutcase, screwball, seed. sömürge 1. colony (koloni); synonyms (n) settlement, community, plantation, dependency, village, mandate, possession, protectorate, assembly, closure, colonisation, colonization, flock, nation, territory, 2. dependency; synonyms (n) dependence, addiction, colony, dependance, relationship, (adj) contingency, 3. possession (iyelik); synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, property, tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy, custody, (v) acquisition. sömürme exploitation; synonyms (n) abuse, development, misuse, employment, operation, use, using, ventilation, plunder, achievement, consumption, corruption, cruelty, damage, defacement. sömürmek exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply, employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance. somut 1. concrete (beton); synonyms (adj) actual, positive, physical, real, tangible, fixed, palpable, definite, firm, material, (n) cement, (v) coagulate, congeal, concretion, set; antonyms (adj) theoretical, intangible, abstract, hypothetical, incidental, 2. tangible; synonyms (adj) substantial, concrete, perceptible, evident, corporeal, sensible, genuine, adequate, bodily, commensurate, competent, discernible, enough, (n) applicable, available. son 1. last (geçen, sürmek); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate,

conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 2. finish (bitmek); synonyms (v) end, complete, achieve, execute, accomplish, cease, determine, discontinue, consume, do, (n) close, consummate, death, conclude, ending; antonyms (v) start, begin, (n) beginning, 3. final; synonyms (adj) decisive, definite, latter, definitive, last, irrevocable, decided, eventual, net, peremptory, firm, absolute, dying, finished, fixed; antonym (adj) preliminary, 4. end (bitirmek, bitmek, erek); synonyms (n) aim, closure, destination, cause, demise, object, tail, effect, period, design, border, butt, completion, (v) finish, (prep) consequence; antonyms (n) maintenance, middle, 5. conclusion; synonyms (n) result, cessation, sequel, termination, decision, dissolution, epilogue, finale, outcome, resolution, coda, assumption, deduction, determination, event; antonym (n) preface, 6. late (geç); synonyms (adj) former, dead, deceased, behindhand, belated, delayed, modern, slow, tardy, dull, defunct, (adv) dilatory, fresh, backward, belatedly; antonyms (adj) ahead, (adv) early, punctually, promptly, punctual, 7. ending; synonyms (n) stop, abolition, breakup, closedown, culmination, discontinuance, suffix, destruction, 8. terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) endmost, fatal, incurable, (n) depot, extremity, terminus, boundary, station, 9. ultimate; synonyms (adj) supreme, elemental, furthest, primary, finishing, top, utmost, best, crowning, (n) maximum, greatest, limit, 10. outcome (sonuç); synonyms (n) aftermath, issue, product, fruit, development, corollary, outgrowth, purpose, upshot, offspring, answer, impact, fate, implication, payoff, 11. bottom (alt, dip, kıç); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, buttocks, craft, floor, foundation; antonyms (n) pinnacle, (adj) highest, 12. fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, chance, luck, fatality, allotment, fortune, kismet, lot, portion, accident, future, hap, (v) doom, destine, designate, 13. latter; synonyms (adj) later, terminal, following, posterior, recent, past, last-mentioned, 14. extreme (aşırı); synonyms (adj) deep, excessive, enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, terrible, uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, exceeding, exorbitant, great, keen, (n) edge; antonyms (adj) reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 15. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, brief, airless, (v) compact, bar, block, fold, (adv) by, about, (n) expiration; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, loose, far, (v) open, 16. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) egress, exit, progeny, denouement, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, circulate, debouch, distribute, emit, 17. stop

(durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak);

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English synonyms (v) stand, delay, interrupt, obstruct, plug, catch, disrupt, hinder, impede, intercept, (n) halt, stay, check, arrest, curb; antonyms (v) encourage, permit, prolong, 18. result (sonuç); synonyms (n) produce, repercussion, harvest, solution, backwash, offshoot, (v) ensue, follow, eventuate, develop, lead, originate, occur, leave, proceed, 19. termination; synonyms (n) extinction, bound, cancellation, expiry, abortion, consummation, pause, suspension, term, annulment, exhalation, passing, settlement, standstill, 20. supreme; synonyms (adj) dominant, paramount, head, chief, sovereign, preeminent, principal, superlative, uppermost, main, prime, almighty, foremost, perfect, predominant; antonym (adj) minor. sonbahar 1. fall (düşmek); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. autumn; synonyms (n) fall, declivity, harvest, cadence, capitulation, cascade, cataract, death, declension, degradation, depreciation, destruction, downslope, dusk, evenfall. sonda probe; synonyms (n) investigation, inquiry, research, plumb, exploration, (v) examine, examination, explore, inspect, fathom, investigate, search, check, inquire, penetrate. sondaj boring (sıkıcı); synonyms (adj) dull, tedious, tiresome, annoying, arid, bland, dreary, monotonous, prosaic, tame, uninteresting, wearisome, vapid, drab, (n) drilling; antonyms (adj) exciting, fascinating, interesting, gripping, original, thrilling, varied. sonra 1. after; synonyms (prep) following, since, (adv) later, beyond, next, subsequently, then, when, afterward, afterwards, behind, (adj) back, posterior, rear, subsequent, 2. afterwards; synonym (adv) after, 3. later; synonyms (adj) last, ensuing, future, latter, final, succeeding; antonyms (adv) earlier, immediately, before, prior, 4. then; synonyms (adv) so, accordingly, again, consequently, (conj) therefore, 5. next (sonraki); synonyms (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, coming, close, near, adjoining, closest, neighboring, proximate, immediate, imminent, nearby, (v) consequent, (adv) on; antonyms (adj) distant, outgoing, (adv) previous, preceding, previously, 6. subsequently. sonradan afterwards (sonra); synonyms (adv) after, afterward, subsequently, later, next, (adj) following. sonraki 1. next; synonyms (adj) later, nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, subsequent, future, coming, ensuing, after, close, near, adjoining, (adv) afterward, then; antonyms (adj) distant, outgoing, (adv) previous, preceding, previously, 2. latter; synonyms (adj) ultimate, last, terminal, final, posterior, recent, past, eventual,

411

concluding, last-mentioned; antonym (n) former, 3. subsequent; synonyms (adj) next, consequent, second, latter, sequential, successive, postnate. sonsuz 1. infinite; synonyms (adj) absolute, boundless, countless, endless, eternal, immense, incalculable, immeasurable, innumerable, everlasting, enormous, illimitable, indefinite, multitudinous, myriad; antonyms (adj) finite, limited, restricted, 2. endless; synonyms (adj) constant, continual, ceaseless, continuous, interminable, perpetual, incessant, uninterrupted, dateless, infinite, limitless, persistent, unbroken, unending, unlimited; antonyms (adj) temporary, intermittent, 3. eternal; synonyms (adj) lasting, aeonian, deathless, enduring, immortal, ageless, durable, eonian, permanent, steady, abiding, imperishable, perennial, sempiternal, timeless; antonyms (adj) mortal, short-lived. sonuç 1. result; synonyms (n) consequence, fruit, issue, outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, effect, end, produce, outgrowth, (v) ensue, follow, eventuate, arise; antonym (v) cause, 2. outcome; synonyms (n) product, development, event, result, decision, corollary, purpose, sequel, upshot, offspring, impact, fate, ending, implication, payoff, 3. effect (etki); synonyms (n) impression, sense, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, complete, do, bring, carry, execute, induce, perform, use, win, implement; antonym (n) reason, 4. event (olay); synonyms (n) affair, case, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact, happening, incident, time, chance, accident, adventure, episode, eventuality, experience, 5. conclusion; synonyms (n) closure, close, cessation, completion, termination, dissolution, epilogue, finale, finish, last, resolution, tail, coda, assumption, (v) closing; antonyms (n) beginning, start, opening, preface, 6. harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) crop, ingathering, profit, yield, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, reap, earn, assemble, 7. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) egress, exit, progeny, denouement, (v) flow, emanate, emerge, release, discharge, gush, circulate, debouch, distribute, emit, jet, 8. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, brief, airless, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) expiration; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, 9. fruit (meyve); synonyms (n) production, (v) return, building, edifice, erection, fabric, flower, 10. consequence; synonyms (n) import, importance, account, concern, moment, weight, backwash, inference, influence, matter, repercussion, significance, value, harvest, connotation; antonyms (n) inconsequence, insignificance, 11. product (ürün); synonyms (n) output, merchandise, proceeds, article, commodity, composition,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

412

Turkish - English

manufacture, goods, work, ware, creation, make, performance, wares, book. sonuçsuz ineffective (etkisiz); synonyms (adj) empty, incompetent, futile, impotent, inadequate, ineffectual, inefficient, null, fruitless, incapable, powerless, unable, useless, worthless, feckless; antonyms (adj) effective, strong, successful, useful. sönük 1. dim; synonyms (adj) dark, obscure, cloudy, dull, bleak, dense, faint, gloomy, (v) blur, darken, cloud, pale, tarnish, blear, blind; antonyms (adj) bright, brilliant, intelligent, clever, strong, (v) clear, brighten, 2. faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop, conk; antonyms (adj) distinct, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 3. dull; synonyms (adj) blunt, dreary, sluggish, bland, boring, cold, dismal, inactive, inert, obtuse, slack, slow, stupid, (v) deaden, dampen; antonyms (adj) lively, sharp, exciting, interesting, lustrous, stimulating, amusing, exhilarating, glittery, glossy, glowing, high-pitched, intense, luminous, shiny. sonuncu 1. last (geçen, son, sürmek); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 2. final (son); synonyms (adj) decisive, definite, latter, definitive, last, irrevocable, decided, eventual, net, peremptory, firm, absolute, dying, ending, finished; antonym (adj) preliminary. sonunda 1. finally; synonyms (adv) eventually, lastly, last, ultimately, definitely, completely, (adj) final, (v) definitively; antonym (adv) firstly, 2. eventually; synonyms (adv) finally, even, someday, afterward, consecutively, consequentially, continuously, necessarily, through, hereafter, heretofore, (conj) yet, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding; antonyms (adv) instantly, promptly. sopa 1. club (kulüp, sinek); synonyms (n) association, bat, circle, society, stick, baton, company, cudgel, fraternity, gang, group, guild, (v) beat, bludgeon, hit, 2. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 3. staff (asa); synonyms (n) cane, post, employees, faculty, personnel, rod, mace, brace, stave, court, scepter, board, shaft, (v) crutch, prop. SOR ask (sormak); synonyms (v) inquire, request, appeal, beg, demand, interrogate, question, take, beseech, call, charge, claim, consult, crave, invite; antonym (v) answer. sör sir; synonyms (n) esquire, gentleman, master, man, don, signior, buck, dominus, effendi, magister, signore. sorgu 1. inquiry (soruşturma); synonyms (n) examination, enquiry, investigation, exploration,

hearing, inquest, query, question, research, trial, demand, analysis, inspection, probe, (v) search, 2. question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, matter, problem, (v) doubt, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire, mistrust, argue; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer, 3. enquiry; synonyms (n) doubtfulness, dubiousness, head, motion. sormak ask; synonyms (v) inquire, request, appeal, beg, demand, interrogate, question, take, beseech, call, charge, claim, consult, crave, invite; antonym (v) answer. soru question (mesele); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, matter, problem, (v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer. sorumlu 1. accountable; synonyms (adj) amenable, answerable, responsible, (v) liable, 2. responsible; synonyms (adj) accountable, reliable, dependable, trustworthy, culpable, faithful, responsive, conscientious, creditworthy, guilty, (v) bound; antonyms (adj) irresponsible, innocent, 3. liable; synonyms (adj) apt, disposed, exposed, inclined, likely, subject, vulnerable, given, obnoxious, susceptible, blameworthy; antonym (adj) exempt. sorumluluk 1. liability; synonyms (n) debt, duty, obligation, trust, blame, commitment, disadvantage, arrears, fault, accountability, encumbrance, indebtedness, responsibility, load, exposure; antonym (n) asset, 2. responsibility; synonyms (n) care, charge, affair, job, liability, onus, reliability, dependability, burden, function, province, assignment, concern, guilt, (v) office, 3. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand, direction, (v) accuse, attack, bid, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 4. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) censure, reprimand, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute, criticize, knock, scold, denounce, (n) rap, allegation, condemnation, inculpation, indictment; antonyms (v) pardon, praise, 5. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion, loyalty, promise, tie, confinement, consignment, contract, engagement, faithfulness, interest, 6. burden; synonyms (n) anxiety, pack, strain, bale, cargo, core, essence, (v) bother, weight, burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, encumber, force; antonyms (v) relieve, unburden. sorun 1. problem (problem); synonyms (n) bother, conundrum, difficulty, trouble, knot, enigma, job, matter, riddle, case, poser, dilemma, issue, puzzle, (v) question, 2. issue; synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, 3. case; synonyms (n) box,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 4. question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, problem, (v) doubt, query, distrust, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire, mistrust; antonyms (n) certainty, (v) answer, 5. difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance, impediment, asperity, jam, barrier, difficultness, fix, hardship, inconvenience, obstacle, strait, adversity, disadvantage, ado, burden; antonyms (n) ease, simplicity, advantage, help, 6. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, pain, anxiety, fuss, torment, care, (v) annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, distract, disturb, (adj) affliction; antonyms (v) calm, please. soruşturma 1. inquiry (sorgu); synonyms (n) examination, enquiry, investigation, exploration, hearing, inquest, query, question, research, trial, demand, analysis, inspection, probe, (v) search, 2. investigation (araştırma); synonyms (n) inquiry, scrutiny, check, review, investigating, study, audit, interrogation, hunt, experiment, inquire, inquisition, quest, survey, test, 3. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) exam, consideration, testing, contemplation, appraisal, evaluation, interview, observation, quiz, challenge, discussion, consultation, dissection, (adj) examen, (v) visit, 4. quest; synonyms (n) pursuit, chase, expedition, voyage, pursuance, seeking, journey, (v) explore, ask, examine, request, seek, bay, bespeak, invite. soruşturmak investigate (araştırmak); synonyms (v) examine, explore, inquire, inspect, search, check, research, ask, hunt, analyze, enquire, interrogate, scrutinize, study, test. sos sauce; synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning, garnish, impertinence, billingsgate, salad, cheek, insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve, flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth. sosis sausage; synonyms (n) frankfurter, blimp, pudding, intestine. sosyal social (toplumsal); synonyms (adj) gregarious, national, companionable, friendly, public, common, neighborly, affable, communicative, convivial, societal, (n) sociable, mixer, party, society. sosyalist socialist; synonyms (adj) socialistic, collective, left, communalist, (n) communist, philanthropist, leveler, radical, utilitarian; antonym (adj) capitalist. sosyalizm socialism; synonyms (n) communism, collectivism, communalism; antonym (n) capitalism. sosyete society; synonyms (n) club, institution, public, association, community, companionship, company, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, group, guild.

413

sosyoloji sociology; synonym (n) anthropology. sövgü oath (yemin); synonyms (n) curse, expletive, malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge, promise, swearing, assurance, adjuration, asseveration, blasphemy, agreement, sacrament, swearword. soy 1. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, 2. birth (doğum); synonyms (n) beginning, descent, extraction, genesis, parturition, blood, labor, lineage, nascency, nativity, onset, origin, parentage, (v) delivery, deliver; antonym (n) death, 3. family (aile); synonyms (n) household, name, breed, clan, house, kin, people, stock, species, birth, category, folk, line, (adj) home, domestic, 4. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) store, goods, family, hoard, backlog, commodity, broth, cache, capital, fund, (adj) regular, commonplace, (v) handle, supply, furnish, 5. strain; synonyms (n) stress, effort, stretch, exertion, reach, song, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax, 6. race; synonyms (n) dash, career, competition, nation, pedigree, (v) course, run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, campaign, hunt, dart, match, 7. descent (iniş); synonyms (n) decline, fall, declension, declination, declivity, derivation, drop, raid, degradation, descension, downhill, incline, pitch, slope, strain; antonyms (n) ascent, improvement, 8. extraction; synonyms (n) removal, essence, extract, genealogy, withdrawal; antonym (n) insertion. soygun robbery; synonyms (n) rape, burglary, depredation, looting, pillage, plunder, theft, holdup, thieving, freebooting, pillaging, spoil, (v) despoliation, spoliation. söylemek 1. tell (anlatmak); synonyms (v) relate, declare, divulge, express, impart, recount, reveal, explain, announce, command, communicate, describe, distinguish, (n) disclose, count; antonym (v) request, 2. say (demek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, guess, dictate, (n) voice, 3. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, mind, guard, behold, discover, follow, heed, keep, look, mark, mention, note; antonyms (v) ignore, feel, 4. voice (ses); synonyms (n) speech, sound, language, part, suffrage, vote, vox, ballot, mouthpiece, representative, mouth, articulation, (v) say, utter, vocalize, 5. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, name, fame, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, story, intelligence, bulletin, (v) account; antonym (n) fact, 6. utter; synonyms (adj) absolute, complete, extreme, pure, sheer, total, thorough, unmitigated, rank, (v) breathe, deliver, emit, talk, exclaim, give; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 7.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

414

Turkish - English

speak (konuşmak); synonyms (v) converse, discourse, recite, lecture, address, mumble, prattle, declaim, reason, tongue, bespeak, handle, accost, chat, (adj) publish, 8. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) offer, tender, attempt, proffer, suggestion, (v) ask, call, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct, summon, allure, 9. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, position, country, kingdom, show, place, circumstances, commonwealth, condition, estate, pomp, (v) expound, affirm, allege, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 10. sing (ötmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, rat, (n) squeak, 11. remark; synonyms (n) observation, regard, commentary, observance, reflection, word, declaration, statement, quip, annotate, (v) perceive, discern, see, detect, (adj) attend. söyleniş pronunciation; synonyms (n) diction, accent, articulation, elocution, enunciation, delivery, speech, inflection, pronounce, declaration, pronouncement, delay, dialect, prolation, brogue. söylenti 1. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, notice, name, fame, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, (v) account, describe, communicate; antonym (n) fact, 2. rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v) rumor, bruit. söyleşi conversation; synonyms (n) chat, conference, talk, colloquy, communication, discourse, discussion, language, speech, talking, palaver, debate, chitchat, converse, dialogue. söylev 1. address (adres); synonyms (n) accost, lecture, abode, discourse, residence, skill, speech, allocution, greeting, oration, sermon, (v) greet, call, harangue, speak; antonym (v) ignore, 2. speech (konuşma); synonyms (n) address, delivery, expression, conversation, language, diction, communication, discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, talk, tongue, (v) say, saying, 3. discourse; synonyms (n) colloquy, homily, dialogue, article, dissertation, interview, chitchat, confabulation, declaim, (v) chat, confer, recite, commune, preach, rap. soylu noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished, elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive, majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly. soyluluk nobility; synonyms (n) aristocracy, greatness, dignity, magnanimousness, noblesse, gentry, magnificence, goodness, rank, birth, elite, gallantry, (adj) grandeur, generosity, magnanimity; antonym (n) pettiness. soymak 1. strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude,

ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare; antonyms (v) dress, decorate, 2. rifle (tüfek); synonyms (n) gun, firearm, (v) loot, steal, foray, reave, take, gut, rob, search, strip, go, 3. rob; synonyms (v) filch, pinch, pilfer, fleece, lift, purloin, pick, defraud, hook, thieve, rape, poach, bereave, swindle, abstract. soysal generic; synonyms (adj) general, common, universal, ordinary, basic, cognate, economy, unadorned, utilitarian, generical, nonexclusive, plain, straightforward. soyunmak strip; synonyms (n) band, slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare; antonyms (v) dress, decorate. soyut abstract (özet); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj) concrete. soyutlamak abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, academic, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis; antonym (adj) concrete. söz 1. word (kelime, sözcük); synonyms (n) promise, news, tidings, advice, expression, intelligence, parole, password, report, statement, term, vocable, (v) formulate, phrase, put, 2. statement; synonyms (n) account, declaration, affirmation, announcement, communication, instruction, assertion, command, description, proposition, enunciation, profession, argument, avowal, bill; antonym (n) denial, 3. promise (söz vermek); synonyms (n) engagement, assurance, bargain, engage, hope, plight, word, (v) pledge, covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, augur, assure, undertake, 4. speech (konuşma, söylev); synonyms (n) address, delivery, lecture, conversation, discourse, language, sermon, diction, discussion, elocution, converse, dialect, harangue, (v) say, saying, 5. assurance (güvence); synonyms (n) confidence, belief, affiance, certitude, conviction, faith, nerve, poise, reliance, security, sureness, trust, warrant, seal, courage; antonym (n) insecurity, 6. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, charge, allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion, loyalty, tie, commission, confinement, consignment, debt, duty, faithfulness, obligation, 7. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, commitment, conflict, contest, fight, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, agreement, clash, meeting, (v) action, 8. expression (anlatım, deyim, ifade); synonyms (n) voice, appearance, aspect, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, look, style, tone, execution;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonym (n) repression, 9. faith (güven); synonyms (n) credence, credit, creed, cult, dependence, expectation, fidelity, piety, religion, church, denomination, constancy, certainty, doctrine, (adj) honesty; antonym (n) unbelief, 10. say (demek, söylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, guess, relate, (n) declare, 11. talk (konuşma, konuşmak); synonyms (v) gossip, chatter, chat, prattle, prate, rap, babble, parley, tattle, tongue, (n) colloquy, dialogue, palaver, speech, parlance, 12. undertaking; synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, task, attempt, business, project, venture, adventure, endeavor, job, effort, work, affair, assignment, game, 13. saying; synonyms (v) proverb, (n) maxim, axiom, adage, saw, aphorism, byword, dictum, motto, locution, apothegm, cliché, platitude, sentiment, slogan, 14. voice (ses); synonyms (n) sound, part, suffrage, vote, vox, ballot, mouthpiece, representative, mouth, election, interpreter, plebiscite, poll, (v) utter, vocalize. sözcü 1. spokesman; synonyms (n) orator, mouthpiece, representative, speaker, delegate, interpreter, exponent, proponent, advocate, chairman, foreteller, lecturer, mantis, narrator, predicter, 2. speaker (hoparlör); synonyms (n) loudspeaker, president, spokesman, conversationalist, talker, utterer, principal. sözcük word (kelime, söz); synonyms (n) promise, news, tidings, advice, expression, intelligence, parole, password, report, statement, term, vocable, (v) formulate, phrase, put. sözde 1. nominal; synonyms (adj) titular, formal, token, minimal, minimum, nominative, (v) cognominal; antonym (adj) real, 2. supposed; synonyms (adj) conjectural, alleged, assumed, hypothetical, reputed, imaginary, putative, apparent, ostensible, suppositional, professed, suppositious, supposititious, pretended, theoretical; antonym (adj) actual. sözdizim syntax (sözdizimi); synonyms (n) grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism. sözdizimi syntax (sözdizim); synonyms (n) grammar, accidence, syntaxis, organism. sözdizimsel syntactic; synonym (adj) syntactical. sözleşme 1. covenant; synonyms (n) contract, compact, bond, arrangement, pact, concord, deed, testament, (v) agreement, bargain, promise, vow, agree, pledge, undertake, 2. compact; synonyms (adj) close, dense, compendious, concise, hard, solid, summary, thick, (n) covenant, engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack, concentrate; antonyms (adj) loose, sprawling, bulky, sparse, 3. contract; synonyms (n) charter, (v) narrow, catch, constrict, shrink, wrinkle, abbreviate, diminish, lessen, stipulate, bind, flex, cut, (adj) abridge,

415

shorten; antonyms (v) expand, widen, stretch, 4. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, appointment, commitment, conflict, contest, fight, duty, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, clash, (v) action. sözlü 1. oral; synonyms (adj) spoken, vocal, unwritten, verbal, (n) examination; antonym (adj) written, 2. verbal; synonyms (adj) oral, literal, wordy, talkative, exact, nominal, verbarian, choral, expressed, rhetorical, said, singing, speaking, stated, told. sözlük 1. dictionary; synonyms (n) lexicon, wordbook, book, language, list, onomasticon, reference, 2. lexicon; synonyms (n) dictionary, vocabulary, glossary, context, jargon. spektrum spectrum; synonyms (n) range, gamut, rainbow, tulip, phantom, scale, (v) anamorphosis, distortion, illusion, refraction. spekülasyon speculation; synonyms (n) hypothesis, guess, reflection, venture, guesswork, meditation, gamble, adventure, conjecture, supposition, surmise, theory, risk, cogitation, assumption. spekülatif speculative; synonyms (adj) risky, theoretical, academic, hypothetical, inquisitive, notional, reflective, chancy, conjectural, insecure, visionary, tentative, (v) contemplative, meditative, pensive. spekülatör bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey. sperma seed (tohum); synonyms (n) germ, issue, posterity, root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus, brood, embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate, plant, sow. spesifik specific (belirli, özgül); synonyms (adj) individual, special, concrete, exact, peculiar, precise, definite, especial, positive, accurate, clear, express, single, certain, (n) particular; antonyms (adj) universal, vague, (n) general. spiker speaker (hoparlör); synonyms (n) loudspeaker, narrator, orator, president, spokesman, conversationalist, chairman, talker, utterer, principal. spiral spiral (sarmal); synonyms (n) coil, helix, volute, roll, spire, (adj) helical, spiraling, turbinate, (v) curl, loop, screw, corkscrew, gyrate, circle, bend. spor sport; synonyms (n) frolic, play, jest, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, joke, amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak, exercise, (v) gambol. sprey spray (püskürtmek); synonyms (n) jet, mist, froth, aerosol, atomizer, foam, branch, (v) shower, splash, spout, spurt, dust, gush, scatter, spatter. stadyum stadium; synonyms (n) arena, coliseum, bowl, field, gymnasium, area, bowlful, circle,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

416

Turkish - English

domain, enclosure, orbit, sphere, diamond, garden, gridiron. staj probation; synonyms (n) test, trial, verification, discharge, freedom, (adj) apodeixis, apodixis. stajyer trainee; synonyms (n) recruit, learner, student, beginner, novice, tyro, scholar, employee, fledgling, neophyte, tenderfoot, greenhorn, amateur, convert, newcomer. standart standard; synonyms (adj) model, normal, regular, accepted, classic, common, (n) degree, measure, average, criterion, flag, norm, rate, gauge, benchmark; antonyms (adj) unusual, unconventional, special. star star (yıldız); synonyms (n) asterisk, celebrity, ace, principal, headliner, leading, luminary, personality, champion, idol, lead, world, bigwig, (adj) asteriated, (v) feature; antonym (n) nobody.

start start (başlamak, başlangıç, başlatmak); synonyms (v) begin, originate, commence, drive, launch, embark, spring, activate, arise, (n) jump, onset, origin, shock, beginning, commencement; antonyms (v) end, finish, stop, conclude, halt, (n) conclusion. statik static (duruk); synonyms (adj) immobile, inactive, motionless, inert, still, stagnant, fixed, stable, stationary, unmoving, passive, quiet, rigid, lifeless, (n) atmospherics; antonym (adj) moving. statü status (durum); synonyms (n) position, rank, situation, caste, condition, order, circumstance, dignity, footing, grade, importance, posture, estate, (adj) place, standing. stereo stereo; synonyms (n) proof, (adj) stereophonic. sterlin sterling; synonyms (adj) sound, fine, genuine, pure, reliable, good, excellent, natural, superlative, worthy, splendid, estimable, exemplary, (n) pound, punt. stil style; synonyms (n) fashion, name, form, kind, method, mode, pattern, sort, cast, class, (v) call, entitle, cut, (adj) manner, character.

stok 1. store (ambar, depo, depolamak, saklamak); synonyms (n) hoard, shop, market, business, emporium, heap, reserve, (v) stock, accumulate, garner, amass, bank, cache, keep, preserve, 2. inventory (envanter); synonyms (n) list, catalogue, index, catalog, account, enumeration, roll, schedule, bill, table, inventorying, listing, record, stocktaking, store, 3. stock (hisse senedi); synonyms (n) breed, lineage, goods, ancestry, descent, family, origin, race, backlog, birth, commodity, extraction, (adj) regular, (v) handle, supply, 4. fund; synonyms (n) capital, savings, endowment, accumulation, money, (v) bankroll, finance, back, sponsor, subsidize, support, underwrite. stor 1. blind (kör, kör etmek); synonyms (adj) sightless, undiscerning, (v) bedazzle, daze, dazzle, obscure, (n) screen, curtain, shutter, awning, drape,

trick, veil, camouflage, cheat; antonym (adj) sighted, 2. shade (gölge, gölgelemek, gölgelendirmek); synonyms (n) tinge, color, ghost, hue, blind, cloud, apparition, conceal, darkness, dye, nuance, (v) darken, shadow, tint, cover; antonyms (n) light, brightness. strateji strategy; synonyms (n) dodge, plan, scheme, strategics, game, design, (v) tactics. stratejik strategic; synonyms (adj) important, strategical, critical, crucial, diplomatic, calculated, deliberate, discreet, main, major, planned, significant, strategetical, vital, (v) timeserving. stres stress (gerginlik); synonyms (n) accent, emphasis, pressure, tension, force, importance, pinch, effort, (v) strain, emphasize, accentuate, emphasise, punctuate, underline, trouble. stüdyo studio; synonyms (n) atelier, cabinet, accommodation, building, bungalow, cottage, den, farmhouse, igloo, manor, mansion, terrace, villa, loft. su water (sulamak); synonyms (n) urine, moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute. suare evening (akşam); synonyms (n) even, dusk, dark, eve, eventide, nightfall, sunset, twilight, night, sundown; antonyms (n) dawn, daybreak. subay officer; synonyms (n) captain, administrator, commander, bureaucrat, executive, officeholder, official, agent, manager, leader, policeman, representative, skipper, supervisor. sübvansiyon subsidy; synonyms (n) grant, aid, allowance, backing, support, endowment, (v) contribution, subscription. suç 1. crime; synonyms (n) offense, blame, guilt, injustice, transgression, villainy, evil, delinquency, fault, iniquity, misdemeanor, sin, vice, wickedness, wrong, 2. fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) defect, blemish, error, failing, blot, crime, flaw, blunder, break, demerit, weakness, default, failure, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 3. offence; synonyms (n) infraction, infringement, misdemeanour, assault, offensive, umbrage, violation, discourtesy, 4. guilt; synonyms (n) criminality, remorse, repentance, complicity, responsibility, guiltiness, shame; antonyms (n) innocence, blamelessness, 5. sin (günah işlemek); synonyms (n) misdeed, mistake, immorality, peccancy, unrighteousness, felony, sine, sinning, (v) offend, err, trespass, misbehave, lapse, fall, commit; antonyms (n) virtue, piety, 6. blame (suçlamak); synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation, allegation, condemnation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English suçlama charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat. suçlamak 1. blame; synonyms (v) accuse, arraign, censure, reprimand, charge, reproach, chide, fault, rebuke, attribute, (n) attack, rap, onus, accusation, allegation; antonyms (v) pardon, absolve, praise, 2. charge; synonyms (n) burden, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand, direction, (v) blame, bid, load, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, retreat. suçlu 1. guilty; synonyms (adj) ashamed, culpable, criminal, faulty, hangdog, wicked, chargeable, condemned, delinquent, reprehensible, sinful, contrite, responsible, shamefaced, sheepish; antonyms (adj) innocent, blameless, 2. criminal; synonyms (adj) guilty, illegal, condemnable, miscreant, (n) convict, crook, culprit, hoodlum, malefactor, felon, gangster, lawbreaker, outlaw, thug, (v) wrong; antonyms (adj) law-abiding, legal, 3. offender; synonyms (n) wrongdoer, villain, reprobate. suçluluk guilt; synonyms (n) blame, criminality, sin, fault, remorse, repentance, complicity, responsibility, guiltiness, shame; antonyms (n) innocence, blamelessness. suçsuz innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless, gullible, naive, pure, spotless; antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, wicked. suçsuzluk innocence; synonyms (n) cleanness, blamelessness, chastity, ignorance, artlessness, gullibility, ingenuousness, purity, innocency, simplicity, sinlessness, virtue, candor, frankness, honor; antonyms (n) guilt, sophistication. sucuk sausage (sosis); synonyms (n) frankfurter, blimp, pudding, intestine. suikast 1. assassination; synonyms (n) homicide, manslaughter, murder, killing, massacre, 2. plot (arsa); synonyms (n) conspiracy, plan, lot, scheme, chart, design, graph, patch, (v) intrigue, cabal, plat, conspire, contrive, concoct, engineer. suistimal abuse (kötüye kullanmak); synonyms (n) affront, misuse, harm, outrage, reproach, invective, (v) insult, mistreat, injure, assault, censure, damage, exploit, hurt, (adj) maltreat; antonyms (v) praise, respect. süit suite; synonyms (n) retinue, series, entourage, apartment, cortege, flat, train, court, battery, group, rooms, (adj) round, succession. sükun peace (barış, huzur); synonyms (n) calm, harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness,

417

heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion. sulamak water (su); synonyms (n) urine, moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute. sulanmak water (su, sulamak); synonyms (n) urine, moisture, juice, liquor, crystal, glass, lymph, pee, piddle, (v) irrigate, moisten, wet, soak, dampen, dilute. sularında around; synonyms (adv) about, approximately, almost, round, roughly, nearly, some, somewhere, (prep) encompassing, encircling, circa, surrounding, (adj) near, nearby, (n) vicinity. sulh peace (barış, huzur); synonyms (n) calm, harmony, serenity, hush, repose, ease, agreement, amity, accord, composure, concord, coolness, heartsease, order, (adj) quiet; antonyms (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion. sulu thin (ince); synonyms (adj) flimsy, gaunt, lean, light, slight, tenuous, emaciated, fine, rare, slim, sparse, (v) slender, dilute, meager, sheer; antonyms (adj) thick, fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, broad, heavy, (v) thicken. sunak altar; synonyms (n) shrine, sacristy, sanctuary. sundurma 1. porch; synonyms (n) lobby, hall, veranda, vestibule, balcony, door, entrance, portico, inlet, doorway, patio, portal, chops, conservatory, lips, 2. shed; synonyms (v) cast, discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, dismiss, disgorge, emit, fling, (n) hut, shack, cabin, booth. suni 1. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real, 2. imitation (taklit); synonyms (n) counterfeit, dummy, sham, copy, forgery, mockery, duplicate, mock, reproduction, caricature, impersonation, (v) parody, (adj) artificial, ersatz, replica; antonym (n) original. sunma 1. offer; synonyms (v) give, bestow, put, advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform, propose, tender, lay, (n) bid, proposal, go, proposition; antonyms (v) withdraw, refuse, 2. presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment. sunmak 1. submit; synonyms (v) comply, obey, acquiesce, present, resign, accede, bend, convey, defer, deliver, exhibit, give, offer, proffer, propose; antonyms (v) withdraw, resist, 2. offer; synonyms (v) bestow, put, advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform, tender, lay, dedicate, (n) bid, proposal, go, proposition, approach; antonym (v) refuse, 3. present (armağan, hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, current, (n) gift, donation, offering,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

418

Turkish - English

presentation, boon, (v) display, prefer, donate, gratuity, award, serve, indicate; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (adv) absent, 4. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, frail, caring, immature, (n) overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough, 5. prefer; synonyms (v) choose, pick, elect, elevate, favor, like, opt, favour, promote, select, want, dignify, fancy, desire, exalt. sünme yield (verim); synonyms (n) produce, return, give, output, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford; antonyms (v) resist, persevere. sunu presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment. sunucu server; synonyms (n) host, waiter, attendant, emcee, horde, innkeeper, legion. sunuş presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure, induction, intro, overture, presentment. supap valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door, gauge, monitor, spout. Süper super; synonyms (adj) crack, grand, ace, fabulous, marvelous, remarkable, sensational, superb, terrific, wonderful, fine, great, big, (n) superintendent, (adv) extremely; antonym (adj) small. süpermarket supermarket; synonyms (n) store, grocery, market, emporium, shop, bakery, bakeshop, confectionery, dairy, delicatessen, greengrocer. süprüntü 1. refuse; synonyms (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, dross, rebuff, disdain, dismiss, (n) garbage, trash, waste, offal, debris, litter, leavings; antonym (v) accept, 2. rubbish; synonyms (n) refuse, nonsense, junk, drivel, hogwash, trumpery, dirt, falderal, absurdity, folderol, rubble, balderdash, bull, bunk, (adj) bosh; antonym (n) sense. sur wall (duvar); synonyms (n) partition, bar, barrier, bulwark, rampart, cliff, earthwork, fortification, screen, rail, barricade, block, blockade, bolt, (v) fence. sürahi jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container, pot, bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail, gaol, immure, imprison, lag. surat 1. face (çehre, yüz); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 2. map (harita); synonyms (n) design, graph, plat, diagram, mapping, picture, correspondence, (v)

chart, plan, plot, project, 3. mug; synonyms (n) pot, jug, chump, cup, face, kisser, sucker, tankard, victim, fool, mugful, phiz, (v) rob, grimace, attack. sürat 1. velocity; synonyms (n) speed, celerity, rapidity, swiftness, quickness, tempo, fleetness, haste, fastness, dispatch, agility, (v) pace, rate, cadence, carriage; antonym (n) slowness, 2. speed (hız); synonyms (n) race, velocity, promptness, (v) hasten, hurry, quicken, run, rush, accelerate, dash, expedite, promote, shoot, dart, hurtle. süratle fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge. süratli 1. fast (hızlı, oruç); synonyms (adj) dissolute, firm, agile, debauched, fixed, hurried, instant, quick, rapid, staunch, brisk, (adv) soon, hard, close, (n) diet; antonyms (adj) sluggish, loose, (adv) slow, slowly, leisurely, (v) gorge, (n) binge, 2. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, immediate, (adv) fast; antonym (adj) dull, 3. express; synonyms (v) exhibit, articulate, convey, declare, demonstrate, display, mean, (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial, clear, exact, (n) denote; antonyms (v) suppress, hide, (adj) vague, 4. swift (hızlı); synonyms (adj) fleet, lively, sudden, abrupt, express, ready, sprightly, impetuous, unexpected, keen, brief, impulsive, meteoric, (n) cylinder, (adv) swiftly; antonym (adj) considered. sürçme 1. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, fault, mistake, cutting, error, escape, oversight, scion, trip, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) improve, 2. trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, run, drive, misstep, ride, (v) journey, slip, stumble, skip, tumble; antonym (v) fix. sürçmek trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix. sürdür resume; synonyms (v) recover, continue, regain, restart, summarize, outline, revert, adopt, renew, (n) digest, synopsis, abstract, summary, epitome, recapitulation. sürdürme continuation (devam); synonyms (n) continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance, elongation, postscript, duration, extension, supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end. sürdürmek 1. continue; synonyms (v) abide, remain, endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend, last, maintain, persist, preserve, (n) hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease, discontinue, 2. maintain (bakmak, korumak); synonyms (v) continue, justify, affirm, allege, assert,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English aver, conserve, declare, defend, guard, bear, insist, support, uphold, carry; antonyms (v) deny, change, 3. pursue; synonyms (v) chase, follow, dog, hunt, prosecute, course, haunt, hound, stalk, tail, conduct, practice, court, engage, harass, 4.

support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, comfort, maintenance, patronage, endorsement, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, boost, confirm, corroborate; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 5. sustain; synonyms (v) suffer, have, relieve, strengthen, bolster, experience, nourish, nurture, receive, retain, substantiate, buoy, survive, foster, (n) fortify, 6. wage (maaş); synonyms (n) salary, pay, fee, payment, income, allowance, earnings, remuneration, stipend, (v) fight, pursue, hire. süre 1. duration; synonyms (n) length, continuation, continuance, period, standing, stretch, time, distance, age, permanency, span, continuity, endurance, course, space, 2. time (saat, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, instant, interval, tempo, sentence, beat, occasion; antonym (n) death, 3. period (devir, dönem, nokta); synonyms (n) dot, point, generation, conclusion, cycle, menstruation, stage, mark, lifetime, catamenia, date, flow, menses, phase, reign, 4. interval (aralık); synonyms (n) intermission, interruption, break, interlude, hiatus, gap, interim, pause, respite, cessation, rest, delay, interstice, blank, lull, 5. term (terim); synonyms (n) name, expression, style, title, boundary, limit, stipulation, phrase, tenure, appellation, bound, condition, (v) call, designate, entitle, 6. length (boy, uzunluk); synonyms (n) extent, range, compass, depth, dimension, longness, measurement, size, quantity, degree, breadth, height, (v) expanse, tract, area; antonyms (n) briefness, shortness, width, 7. space (alan, aralık, uzay, yer); synonyms (n) opening, place, scope, void, margin, emptiness, latitude, location, room, field, volume, berth, cosmos, leeway, (v) separate, 8. while; synonyms (conj) as, whereas, although, though, (n) bit, piece, (prep) during, (adv) when, whilst, because, 9. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, spice, temper, sauce, (adj) harden, habituate. süreç process; synonyms (n) operation, proceeding, method, procedure, act, course, formula, outgrowth, means, mode, practice, (v) action, function, refine, litigate. sürekli 1. continuous; synonyms (adj) constant, continual, ceaseless, endless, perpetual, running, chronic, consecutive, continued, eternal, everlasting, incessant, unbroken, unending, uninterrupted; antonyms (adj) intermittent,

419

temporary, discontinuous, sporadic, 2. continual; synonyms (adj) continuous, frequent, lasting, perennial, permanent, persistent, unrelenting, nonstop, regular, repeated, unceasing, 3. permanent (kalıcı); synonyms (adj) durable, fixed, fast, enduring, immutable, indelible, abiding, continuing, immortal, standing, stationary, unchangeable, undying, (v) firm, (n) perm; antonyms (adj) fleeting, brief, impermanent, provisional, transitory, fragile, superficial, 4. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent, uniform, agreeable, compatible, congruous, logical, conformable, consonant, unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant, equable, invariable, legitimate; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic, contradictory, illogical, unpredictable, unreliable, 5. standing; synonyms (v) stand, post, (n) rank, fame, importance, position, prestige, place, reputation, footing, attitude, class, (adj) erect, motionless, continuance, 6. running; synonyms (v) active, (adj) flowing, operative, working, functioning, moving, live, fluid, (n) course, motion, administration, operation, run, performance, handling, 7. steady; synonyms (adj) even, secure, resolute, stable, cool, sedate, settled, consistent, certain, determined, smooth, (v) steadfast, calm, brace, loyal; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, 8. constant (değişmez, sabit); synonyms (adj) steady, changeless, faithful, assiduous, devoted, habitual, reliable, solid, unflagging, unremitting, tenacious, dogged, dutiful, immovable, inflexible; antonyms (adj) changeable, irregular, variable, episodic, inconstant, disloyal, fickle, occasional, 9. chronic (kronik); synonyms (adj) confirmed, inveterate, accustomed, prolonged, usual. süreklilik continuity; synonyms (n) continuation, coherence, continuance, duration, persistence, concatenation, sequence, perseverance, run, series, chain, constancy, continency, course, flow; antonym (n) discontinuity. suret copy (kopya); synonyms (n) imitation, trace, transcription, forgery, (v) counterfeit, imitate, ape, duplicate, model, pattern, follow, echo, fake, mimic, record; antonym (n) original. sürgü 1. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock, 2. slide (kayma, slayt); synonyms (n) glide, chute, decline, transparency, gliding, (v) drop, slip, fall, slither, run, slump, coast, skid, descend, (adj) shift. sürgülemek bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

420

Turkish - English

sürgülü sliding; synonyms (adj) gliding, down, downhill, descending, downward, labent, elusory, telescopic, (n) slipping, skating, shifting. sürgün 1. exile; synonyms (n) banishment, deportation, expulsion, deportee, outcast, refugee, emigrant, expatriation, (v) banish, expatriate, deport, expel, eject, proscribe, (adj) exclude; antonym (v) repatriate, 2. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 3. transportation; synonyms (n) exile, carriage, freight, shipping, transfer, transit, traffic, transference, ecstasy, rapture, transferral, (v) transport, conveyance, transmission. sürme 1. continuation (devam); synonyms (n) continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance, elongation, postscript, duration, extension, supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end, 2. driving; synonyms (adj) dynamic, energetic, enterprising, impulsive, pushing, driven, vigorous, torrential, virile, compulsive, heavy, lively, (n) drive, push, travel. sürmek 1. drive; synonyms (n) ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia, 2. last (geçen, son); synonyms (v) endure, continue, hold, exist, live, dwell, (n) abide, conclusion, (adj) extreme, closing, final, ultimate, conclusive, concluding, farthest; antonyms (n) opening, (adj) first, 3. continue (sürdürmek); synonyms (v) remain, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, extend, last, maintain, persist, preserve, proceed, resume, stand, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease, discontinue, 4. exile; synonyms (n) banishment, deportation, expulsion, deportee, outcast, refugee, emigrant, expatriation, (v) banish, expatriate, deport, expel, eject, proscribe, (adj) exclude; antonym (v) repatriate, 5. apply (Uygula, uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n) give. sürpriz surprise; synonyms (n) fright, amazement, astonishment, surprisal, wonder, admiration, (v) astound, alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch. sürü 1. flock; synonyms (n) bunch, crowd, cluster, band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang, herd, horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj) swarm, 2. herd; synonyms (n) flock, drove, crew, mob, multitude, company, ruck, school, throng, (v) drive, (adj) shoal, 3. pack (paket, paketlemek); synonyms (n) bundle, batch, backpack, box, package, knapsack, bag, (v) compress, heap, cram, fill, jam, load, carry, compact; antonym (v) unpack, 4. gang; synonyms (n) circle, association, faction,

team, assemblage, clique, club, group, knot, ring, set, clump, corporation, coterie, (adj) go. sürücü 1. driver (şoför); synonyms (n) coachman, postboy, club, chaser, commuter, hoistman, pursuer, spanker, 2. drive (sürmek); synonyms (n) ride, force, campaign, crusade, thrust, cause, ambition, (v) push, actuate, chase, compel, urge, coerce, beat, carry; antonyms (n) apathy, inertia. sürükleme drag (çekmek, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push.

sürüklemek 1. drag (çekmek, sürükleme); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 3. trail (iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, dog, lag, shadow. sürüklenme drift (sapma); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow.

sürüklenmek 1. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 2. trail (iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, trudge, (v) haul, drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, draw, tow, dog, pull. sürüm 1. version (çeviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n) reading, translation, construction, interpretation, rendering, rendition, variation, account, description, variant, lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase, 2. sale (satış); synonyms (n) fair, disposal, demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, (adj) cheap.

sürümek drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push.

sürünmek 1. drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2. trail (iz, izlemek, patika); synonyms (n) track, trace, path, course, trudge, pathway, scent, (v) drag, hunt, tail, chase, pursue, train, dog, lag. sus mum; synonyms (n) mama, mamma, mammy, mater, mom, momma, mommy, mother, secrecy, mummy, (adj) silent, dumb, mute, quiet, taciturn.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English süs decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n) adornment, award, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation, trimming, accessory, badge, accolade, distinction, embroidery. susamış dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. suskun silent; synonyms (adj) motionless, dumb, mute, tacit, hush, inarticulate, inaudible, incommunicative, mum, noiseless, placid, reserved, reticent, still, (adv) quiet; antonyms (adj) noisy, spoken, loud, talkative, explicit, open. süsleme decoration (dekorasyon); synonyms (n) adornment, award, garnish, medal, ornament, embellishment, finery, insignia, ornamentation, trimming, accessory, badge, accolade, distinction, embroidery. süslemek 1. grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor, clemency, beauty, benediction, blessing, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider, 2. dress (elbise); synonyms (n) attire, costume, apparel, array, dressing, clothes, frock, (v) clothe, clothing, garb, rig, trim, adjust, bandage, cover; antonym (v) undress, 3. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher, 4. deck (deste); synonyms (n) terrace, bridge, ground, pack, pile, porch, carped, veranda, (v) floor, ornament, bedight, grace, equip, coldcock. süsleyici decorative (dekoratif); synonyms (adj) ornamental, fancy, ornate, artistic, cosmetic, embellishing, enhancing, diagrammatic, drawn, elaborate, floral, florid, graceful, illustrative, pictorial; antonym (adj) plain. Süslü fancy; synonyms (v) daydream, imagine, wish, consider, crotchet, envision, (adj) conceive, elaborate, extravagant, (n) desire, caprice, fantasy, dream, conceit, conception; antonyms (adj) plain, unadorned, (n) reality. susma silence (sessizlik); synonyms (n) quiet, calm, lull, mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still, allay, mute, pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush, (adj) appease; antonyms (n) noise, sound. süspansiyon suspension; synonyms (n) delay, interruption, abeyance, break, intermission, pause, recess, respite, suspense, adjournment, deferment, postponement, reprieve, stay, rest. süssüz 1. plain (açık, düz); synonyms (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, clear, downright, easy, evident, homely, humble, level, manifest, obvious, simple, (n) flat; antonyms (adj)

421

elaborate, fancy, unclear, mottled, multicolored, ornate, attractive, concealed, confused, fussy, twocolored, 2. stark; synonyms (adj) austere, bare, bleak, desolate, mere, plain, severe, bald, positive, absolute, barren, harsh, sheer, naked, nude. susturmak 1. silence (sessizlik); synonyms (n) quiet, calm, lull, mum, muteness, quietness, (v) still, allay, mute, pacify, gag, muffle, muzzle, (int) hush, (adj) appease; antonyms (n) noise, sound, 2. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, inactive, motionless, peace, (v) assuage, compose, soothe, ease; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 3. quiet (sakin, sessiz); synonyms (adj) cool, gentle, placid, tranquil, tranquilize, collected, composed, dull, harmonious, hushed, (v) moderate, easy, repose, (n) peacefulness, alleviate; antonyms (adj) loud, talkative, vociferous, active. susuz dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. süt milk; synonyms (v) exploit, squeeze, drain, tap, anodyne, balm, bleed, (adj) albumen, chalk, glair, gluten. süthane dairy; synonyms (n) farm, laundry, bakery, bakeshop, confectionery, delicatessen, greengrocer, grocery, supermarket, buttery, factory, pasteurizer. sütun column (kolon); synonyms (n) pillar, procession, row, stanchion, file, line, obelisk, post, prop, support, series, monolith, buttress, (adj) tower, minaret. süveter sweater (kazak); synonym (n) perspirer. süzgeç filter (süzmek); synonyms (n) strainer, (v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify, refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop, clean, permeate; antonym (v) contaminate. süzgün drawn; synonyms (adj) haggard, careworn, worn, gaunt, pinched, taut, cadaverous, tired. süzmek 1. filter (süzgeç); synonyms (n) strainer, (v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify, refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop, clean, permeate; antonym (v) contaminate, 2. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate, spill; antonym (v) bolster. süzülmek filter (süzgeç, süzmek); synonyms (n) strainer, (v) percolate, sieve, drip, leak, filtrate, ooze, purify, refine, screen, strain, dribble, drop, clean, permeate; antonym (v) contaminate.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

422

Turkish - English

Ş şablon pattern (desen); synonyms (n) model, design, fashion, form, mold, shape, example, figure, norm, order, paragon, cast, arrangement, configuration, (v) mould. şafak dawn; synonyms (n) beginning, commencement, aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset, origin, prime, start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin, appear, (adj) daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset, twilight, (v) end, finish. şaft shaft; synonyms (n) arrow, handle, axis, beam, pit, dart, pillar, axle, bar, lance, mine, post, ray, well, (v) cheat. şah check (çek, denetim, denetlemek); synonyms (v) bridle, stop, block, limit, agree, halt, restrain, bar, dampen, delay, (n) control, arrest, curb, bill, cheque. şahane 1. fantastic; synonyms (adj) bizarre, extraordinary, antic, extravagant, grotesque, marvelous, strange, terrific, wonderful, capricious, chimerical, fabulous, fantastical, (n) fanciful, (v) fancy; antonyms (adj) awful, ordinary, real, 2. tremendous; synonyms (adj) enormous, fantastic, immense, dreadful, huge, formidable, gigantic, mighty, fearful, great, prodigious, terrible, vast, massive, rattling; antonym (adj) insignificant, 3. royal; synonyms (adj) regal, imperial, majestic, magnificent, kingly, noble, princely, purple, sovereign, stately, grand, grandiose, imposing, monarchical, splendid. şahıs 1. person (kişi); synonyms (n) fellow, human, individual, man, being, body, character, creature, mortal, soul, life, homo, form, organism, (v) party; antonym (n) automaton, 2. individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) distinct, particular, single, different, alone, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, exclusive, singular, sole, solitary, special, (n) person; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, common, communal, general, vague, (n) collective, 3. party; synonyms (n) gang, band, company, assembly, association, crew, gathering, group, affair, bevy, celebration, crowd, do, faction, meeting. şahit witness; synonyms (n) spectator, testimony, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, evidence, observer, testifier, beholder, proof, (v) attest, observe, notice, see, view; antonym (n) participant. şahitlik 1. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2. testimony; synonyms (n) declaration, evidence, testimonial, statement, affidavit, affirmation,

profession, deposition, certificate, avowal, verification, authority, speech, (v) witness, record. şahlanmak rear; synonyms (adj) back, erect, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, (v) breed, nurture, raise, educate, foster, nurse, build; antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front. şahmerdan ram (koç); synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat, cram, crash, drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill, bump, pound, press, squeeze, stuff. şahsen personally; synonyms (adv) individually, directly, confidentially, intimately, privately, specially, well, secretly, separately, closely, individualistically, instinctively, intuitively, narrowly, particularly. şahsi personal (kişisel); synonyms (adj) individual, own, particular, human, intimate, peculiar, private, direct, proper, subjective, physical, confidential, especial, original, privy; antonyms (adj) public, general. şahsiyet 1. personality (kişilik); synonyms (n) individuality, person, celebrity, character, identity, nature, characteristic, disposition, temperament, essence, individualism, name, being, distinctiveness, self; antonym (n) nobody, 2. figure (figür, şekil); synonyms (n) form, appearance, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, image, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher. şair poet; synonyms (n) bard, author, maker, lyricist, muse, manufacturer, meditate, muset, novelist, playwright, writer, artist, balladist, critic, dilettante. şairane poetic; synonyms (adj) poetical, romantic, artistic, beauteous, fanciful, graphic, imaginative, anapestic, beautiful, dactylic, dramatic, emotional, epic, epical, epodic. şaka 1. fun (eğlence); synonyms (adj) amusing, entertaining, (n) amusement, enjoyment, frolic, entertainment, play, recreation, comedy, delight, diversion, humor, jest, merriment, (v) banter; antonym (n) misery, 2. joke; synonyms (n) hoax, fun, caper, gag, game, quip, antic, farce, jape, jocularity, pleasantry, prank, pun, (v) chaff, tease; antonym (n) tragedy. şakak temple (tapınak); synonyms (n) church, tabernacle, shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead, chapel, kirk, meetinghouse, basilica, chantry, conventicle, memorial, oratory, side. şakımak sing (ötmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak. şalter switch (anahtar); synonyms (n) cane, replacement, whip, cut, permutation, (v) exchange, change, shift, substitute, convert, swap, flip, interchange, move, replace.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English şamata riot; synonyms (n) revolt, disturbance, commotion, disorder, insurrection, mutiny, sedition, tumult, rebellion, brawl, fight, (v) rebel, carouse, (adj) hubbub, uproar. şampiyon champion; synonyms (n) advocate, backer, partisan, ace, fighter, hero, champ, defender, exponent, paladin, patron, (v) defend, support, back, maintain; antonym (v) oppose. şampiyonluk championship; synonyms (n) backing, patronage, support, title. şan 1. glory; synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast, 2. fame (ün); synonyms (n) report, reputation, bruit, prestige, renown, buzz, hearsay, kudos, name, notoriety, rumor, character, regard, (v) cry, esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity. şanlı glorious; synonyms (adj) famous, distinguished, bright, brilliant, celebrated, illustrious, eminent, great, magnificent, splendid, super, proud, resplendent, superb, lofty. şans 1. luck; synonyms (n) chance, fortune, accident, destiny, fate, hazard, lot, advantage, hap, portion, coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n) misfortune, 2. hazard (tehlike); synonyms (n) risk, venture, danger, peril, jeopardy, bet, difficulty, insecurity, (v) endanger, adventure, gamble, wager, dare, stake, jeopardize; antonym (n) safety, 3. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, bash, beat, collision, play; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 4. fortune; synonyms (n) estate, fluke, luck, means, abundance, assets, doom, riches, wealth, blessing, substance, affluence, prosperity, treasure, capital, 5. odds; synonyms (n) likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap, superiority, edge, (v) difference, dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 6. chance; synonyms (n) opportunity, break, contingency, random, turn, haphazard, happening, hope, (adj) accidental, casual, fortuitous, inadvertent, (v) befall, happen, come; antonyms (n) predictability, (adj) deliberate, intentional, (v) design, plan, 7. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide, 8. shot; synonyms (n) gunshot, injection, go, fling, ball, crack, shoot, picture, attempt, bullet, discharge, effort, endeavor, guess, (adj) iridescent. şanslı 1. lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable, propitious, prosperous, favourable, successful, flourishing, advantageous, blessed, chance, good, providential, (n) happy, favored, (v) fortunate;

423

antonyms (adj) unlucky, hapless, ill-fated, unfortunate, 2. fortunate; synonyms (adj) lucky, fortuitous, well, felicitous, golden, advantaged, desirable, hopeful. şanssız 1. unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious, poor, sad, bad, disastrous, hapless, inopportune, adverse, calamitous, deplorable, infelicitous, lamentable, unlucky, untoward, ill; antonyms (adj) fortunate, lucky, 2. unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy, melancholy, disconsolate, distressed, low, miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast, mournful, sorry, unpleasant; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied. şapırdatmak lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset. şapırtı lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset. şapka hat; synonyms (n) cap, chapeau, lid, sou'wester, bonus, eyelid, palpebra, (adj) hot. şarap wine; synonyms (n) vintage, vino, red, intoxication, (v) entertain, (adj) lavender, lilac, mauve, plum, violet, amethyst. şarj load (yük, yüklemek); synonyms (n) charge, cargo, freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment, lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile, lade; antonym (v) unload. şarjör magazine (dergi); synonyms (n) journal, cartridge, newspaper, periodical, book, clip, entrepot, mag, comic, depository, arsenal, monthly, pamphlet, weekly, (v) store. şarkı song; synonyms (n) melody, air, strain, cry, warble, poem, tune, call, chanson, canticle, (v) ditty, chant, sing, (adj) lay, ballad. şarkıcı singer; synonyms (n) vocalist, musician, warbler, soloist, entertainer, artist, artiste, cantor, composer, conductor, informer, instrumentalist, performer, player, precentor. şart 1. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, cord, filament, rank, series, thread, tie, sequence, (v) run, (adj) line, 2. condition; synonyms (n) circumstance, position, provision, status, standing, attitude, circumstances, clause, predicament, state, term, complaint, affection, (v) aspect, provide, 3. reservation (rezervasyon); synonyms (n) reserve, limitation, booking, condition, qualification, modesty, exception, constraint, order, doubt, misgiving, query, saving, uncertainty; antonym (n) certainty. şartlı qualified; synonyms (adj) competent, capable, eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, proficient, able, clever, expert, adequate, certified, limited,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

424

Turkish - English

restricted, fitted; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total, unofficial, definite. şartname specification; synonyms (n) designation, provision, stipulation, particular, condition, detail, description, spec, indication, particularization, case, clause, estimate, prerequisite, proviso. şaryo carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, coach, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, (v) bearing. şaşırma astonishment; synonyms (n) amazement, admiration, wonder, surprise, wonderment, confusion, consternation, awe. şaşırtıcı 1. amazing; synonyms (adj) astonishing, terrific, wonderful, astounding, awesome, breathtaking, extraordinary, fabulous, impressive, incredible, prodigious, spectacular, stupendous, surprising, tremendous; antonyms (adj) mundane, ordinary, 2. astonishing; synonyms (adj) amazing, strange, striking, fantastic, miraculous, remarkable, shocking, staggering, startling, stunning, stupefying, wondrous, unbelievable, unexpected, (n) marvelous; antonym (adj) unremarkable, 3. surprising; synonyms (adj) unusual, odd, uncommon, unforeseen; antonym (adj) unsurprising. şaşırtmak 1. floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n) bed, level, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground, platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle; antonym (n) top, 2. surprise (sürpriz); synonyms (n) fright, amazement, astonishment, surprisal, wonder, admiration, (v) astound, alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, catch, bewilder, 3. fog (sis); synonyms (n) cloud, haze, vapor, brume, confusion, daze, damp, smoke, (v) mist, confuse, blur, dim, becloud, befog, darken, 4. gravel; synonyms (n) grit, (v) bedevil, get, nonplus, rag, flummox, mystify, perplex, puzzle, vex, annoy, (adj) bother, dirt, grating, gravelly, 5. stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. şaşkınlık 1. wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon, wonderment, 2. surprise (sürpriz); synonyms (n) fright, surprisal, wonder, (v) astound, alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, jolt, stun, catch, bewilder, confound, stagger, 3. amazement; synonyms (n) consternation, stupor, 4. astonishment; synonyms (n) confusion, awe. şaşmak wonder (hayret); synonyms (v) admire, query, question, reflect, speculate, (n) marvel, prodigy, admiration, amazement, astonishment, miracle, surprise, muse, phenomenon, wonderment.

şaşmaz steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, cool, incessant, sedate, settled, (v) steadfast, calm, regular; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable. şato castle (kale); synonyms (n) rook, citadel, fortification, fortress, castling, fort, keep, mansion, palace, stronghold, tower, house, chateau, court, (v) donjon. şayia rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v) rumor, bruit. şebeke 1. network (ağ); synonyms (n) net, grid, mesh, netting, reticulation, meshwork, web, grating, lattice, system, complex, (v) link, communicate, contact, exchange, 2. system (sistem); synonyms (n) method, arrangement, network, organization, plan, order, means, structure, process, form, frame, rule, establishment, mode, organisation. şef 1. chief (ana, baş); synonyms (adj) head, principal, cardinal, capital, arch, central, essential, first, main, (n) administrator, boss, captain, executive, leader, paramount; antonyms (adj) minor, associate, secondary, 2. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, front, point, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, chair, brain, commander, director, end, (v) direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v) follow, 3. captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) master, commodore, guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v) govern, manage, 4. chef; synonyms (n) cook, baker. şeffaf transparent (saydam); synonyms (adj) diaphanous, lucid, obvious, plain, luminous, filmy, limpid, sheer, crystalline, gauzy, pellucid, gossamer, apparent, (n) clear, bright; antonyms (adj) opaque, solid. şefkat 1. kindness; synonyms (n) benevolence, clemency, compassion, courtesy, generosity, affection, benignity, consideration, cordiality, favor, friendliness, gentleness, goodness, grace, graciousness; antonyms (n) unkindness, callousness, cruelty, miserliness, nastiness, spite, unfriendliness, maliciousness, 2. compassion; synonyms (n) pity, mercy, charity, commiseration, sympathy, forgiveness, remorse, tenderness, condolence, feeling, humanity, leniency, warmth, empathy, (adj) kindness; antonym (n) indifference, 3. sympathy; synonyms (n) rapport, understanding, agreement, comfort, compatibility, support, affinity, concern, consolation, goodwill, kindheartedness, regard, sensitivity, (adj) fraternization, rapprochement. şefkatli charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful, benevolent, clement, gentle, kind, bountiful, generous, humane, kindly, lenient, liberal, magnanimous, philanthropic, compassionate, forbearing; antonyms (adj) unforgiving, mean, nasty, uncharitable.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English şehir 1. city (kent); synonyms (n) town, borough, burgh, metropolis, municipality, village, (adj) municipal, civic, urban, public; antonym (adj) rural, 2. town (kent); synonyms (n) city, township, community, townspeople, civilization, (adj) local. şehvetli hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy; antonyms (adj) mild, cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly. şehzade prince (prens); synonyms (n) monarch, potentate, duke, sovereign, king, chief, ruler, magnate. şeker 1. sugar; synonyms (n) honey, darling, carbohydrate, saccharide, love, beloved, baby, (v) saccharify, sweeten, (adj) dear, 2. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, honeyed, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty. şekerim 1. honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear, beloved, love, sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby, molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten, 2. sugar (şeker); synonyms (n) honey, carbohydrate, saccharide, (v) saccharify. şekil 1. figure (figür); synonyms (n) form, appearance, character, estimate, shape, cost, build, contour, emblem, fashion, (v) design, cast, count, calculate, cipher, 2. shape (biçim); synonyms (n) mold, figure, pattern, condition, configuration, frame, (v) model, mould, determine, make, adjust, carve, construct, fit, influence, 3. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) arrange, ceremony, class, conformation, manner, type, (v) constitute, establish, create, do, compose, comprise, contrive, devise, generate, 4. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, course, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, (v) order, 5. image (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) picture, fancy, conception, effigy, idea, impression, resemblance, double, epitome, icon, idol, imagination, photograph, (v) depict, envision. şekillendirmek shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, condition, configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make, adjust, carve. şema diagram (diyagram); synonyms (n) design, chart, sketch, figure, graph, drawing, illustration, outline, picture, plat, (adj) plan, (v) plot. şemsiye umbrella; synonyms (n) parasol, sunshade, shelter, canopy, cover, protection, screen, shield, tent, awning, covert, marquee, tilt, (adj) comprehensive. şen 1. cheerful; synonyms (adj) buoyant, breezy, blithe, bright, carefree, glad, merry, optimistic,

425

pleasant, airy, animated, brisk, chipper, comfortable, contented; antonyms (adj) depressed, gloomy, sad, unhappy, dejected, depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose, somber, unwelcoming, bleak, cheerless, dull, 2. gay; synonyms (adj) cheerful, convivial, festive, gaudy, brave, cheery, festal, flashy, frolicsome, jovial, jocular, colorful, (n) homosexual, gallant, lesbian. şenlik festival; synonyms (n) feast, carnival, fete, celebration, fair, festivity, holiday, fête, fiesta, gala, jamboree, party, anniversary, (adj) ball. şeref 1. glory (şan); synonyms (n) fame, celebrity, brightness, honor, pride, distinction, credit, dignity, eclat, eminence, glitter, glorification, (v) halo, exult, boast, 2. honour; synonyms (n) award, accolade, innocence, awarding, laurels, (v) esteem, respect, celebrate, observe, reward, comply, detect, discover, find, follow; antonym (v) dishonor. şereflendirmek grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor, clemency, beauty, benediction, blessing, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider. şerefli glorious; synonyms (adj) famous, distinguished, bright, brilliant, celebrated, illustrious, eminent, great, magnificent, splendid, super, proud, resplendent, superb, lofty. şerit 1. band (bant); synonyms (n) cluster, party, set, swathe, circle, collar, company, crew, faction, gang, knot, lace, strap, (v) ring, combine, 2. cord (kordon); synonyms (n) band, string, bond, tie, twine, tape, rope, thread, whipcord, yarn, leash, fiber, cable, corduroy, strand, 3. ribbon; synonyms (n) riband, shred, strip, decoration, medal, ribband, belt, fascia, palm, fillet, stripe, laurels, medallion, 4. tape (bant); synonyms (n) ribbon, cassette, seal, (v) record, videotape, video, 5. strip; synonyms (n) slip, (v) deprive, despoil, divest, peel, plunder, rifle, denude, ransack, pillage, pluck, pare, sack, bare, bereave; antonyms (v) dress, decorate, 6. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, range, cord, filament, rank, series, sequence, procession, train, wire, drawstring, (v) run, (adj) line. şev slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, dip, decline, descent, fall, grade, gradient, hill, inclination, (v) pitch, slant, cant, lean, bank. şevk 1. glow; synonyms (n) beam, color, glare, sparkle, blaze, flash, (v) blush, flush, gleam, glimmer, shine, burn, flare, fire, flame; antonym (n) dullness, 2. enthusiasm; synonyms (n) eagerness, ardor, devotion, passion, animation, craze, zeal, ebullience, ecstasy, gusto, inspiration, interest, keenness, life, (adj) fervor; antonyms (n) apathy, indifference, lethargy. şey 1. thing; synonyms (n) matter, affair, event, object, occurrence, article, concern, happening, something, substance, being, occasion, incident, business, deed, 2. stuff; synonyms (n) material, cloth, force,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

426

Turkish - English

gear, goods, (v) cram, fill, jam, pack, pad, ram, squeeze, glut, gorge, load; antonym (v) unstuff, 3. object (amaç, nesne); synonyms (n) design, aim, cause, end, intent, intention, meaning, mark, subject, drift, goal, (v) except, mind, complain, demur; antonym (v) agree, 4. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) right, easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. şeytan devil; synonyms (n) demon, fiend, ghost, daemon, deuce, monster, imp, rogue, (v) rag, torment, harass, bedevil, crucify, annoy, bother. şezlong lounge; synonyms (n) couch, saunter, sofa, bar, (v) loiter, loll, loaf, recline, rest, dawdle, linger, relax, sprawl, bask, lie. şiddet 1. violence; synonyms (n) rage, fierceness, force, fury, ferocity, intensity, strength, vehemence, impetuosity, might, outrage, power, brutality, storm, heat; antonyms (n) gentleness, peacefulness, 2. intensity (yoğunluk); synonyms (n) forcefulness, depth, volume, emphasis, energy, forte, glow, passion, severity, vigor, wildness, chroma, acuteness, brilliance, greatness; antonyms (n) dullness, indifference, weakness, 3. impetus; synonyms (n) impulse, drive, impulsion, goad, incentive, momentum, spur, stimulus, thrust, urge, motivation, propulsion, stimulant, drift, 4. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) agency, effect, enforce, impetus, violence, (v) coerce, pressure, squeeze, compel, cram, impel, press, push, ram, (adj) constrain; antonym (n) persuasion, 5. severity; synonyms (n) cruelty, austerity, harshness, rigor, asperity, inclemency, roughness, gravity, difficulty, grimness, hardness, hardship, inflexibility, rigorousness, rigour; antonyms (n) leniency, clemency, flexibility, pleasantness, 6. strength (güç, kuvvet); synonyms (n) firmness, endurance, potency, stability, health, soundness, amount, brawn, fortitude, lustiness, magnitude, muscle, solidity, stoutness, (v) capacity; antonyms (n) frailty, flaw, shortcoming. şiddetli 1. bitter (acı, keskin); synonyms (adj) acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp, acerbic, acid, caustic, keen, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms (adj) mild, sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary, 2. acute; synonyms (adj) incisive, intense, penetrating, critical, piercing, severe, shrewd, shrill, smart, strong, acuate, discerning, discriminating, grave, (v) high; antonyms (adj) dull, obtuse, 3. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) deep, dark, dense, fat, full, gross, hard, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick, compact, ample; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle, puny, skinny, 4. severe; synonyms (adj) harsh, austere, rigid, inclement, rigorous, rough, bad, grim, heavy,

serious, strict, acute, atrocious, bitter, (v) poignant; antonyms (adj) lenient, lax, 5. intense; synonyms (adj) bright, ardent, brilliant, fervent, fierce, burning, energetic, extreme, fiery, furious, heated, rich, impassioned, heartfelt, (v) vivid; antonyms (adj) calm, weak, imperceptible, 6. drastic; synonyms (adj) desperate, sweeping, ultra, thorough, escharotic, stiff, tough, dire, forcible, essential, fundamental, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant, immoderate, 7. furious; synonyms (adj) angry, violent, enraged, ferocious, frantic, vehement, wild, boisterous, frenzied, infuriated, raging, rampant, angered, cross, impetuous, 8. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) difficult, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, alcoholic, backbreaking, complicated, dour, dry, rocky, rugged, (adv) firm, fast, firmly; antonyms (adj) soft, merciful, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 9. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, boiling, feverish, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, peppery, pungent, spicy, new, close, gingery, glowing; antonyms (adj) cool, cold, freezing, airy, bland, chilly, 10. exquisite; synonyms (adj) beautiful, elegant, delicate, excellent, dainty, gorgeous, admirable, choice, heavenly, wonderful, charming, fair, fine, graceful, (v) delightful; antonym (adj) everyday, 11. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric, barbarous, bestial, savage, truculent, unkind, vicious, barbarian, boarish, inhuman, pitiless, ruthless, brutish, fell; antonym (adj) liberal, 12. vicious; synonyms (adj) evil, depraved, brutal, malevolent, venomous, wicked, immoral, nasty, corrupt, poisonous, spiteful, hurtful, profligate, mischievous, reprobate; antonym (adj) friendly, 13. strong; synonyms (adj) powerful, able, stable, steady, cogent, durable, good, influential, lusty, potent, robust, secure, solid, sound, (v) steadfast; antonyms (adj) faint, feeble, frail, pale, unconvincing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted, flimsy, lightweight, tired, watery, 14. rigorous; synonyms (adj) precise, accurate, exact, exacting, stern, inflexible, stringent, nice, careful, demanding, meticulous, relentless, narrow, correct, laborious, 15. violent; synonyms (adj) tempestuous, turbulent, passionate, stormy, tumultuous, rude, forceful, lawless, mighty, tearing, unruly, rabid, bloody, (n) outrageous, vigorous; antonyms (adj) peaceful, nonviolent, 16. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper, quick, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, jaunty, lively, natty, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. şifa cure; synonyms (n) remedy, antidote, medicine, salve, curative, curing, healing, therapy, (v) correct, help, treat, heal, pickle, preserve, restore.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English şifre code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt. şifrelemek code (kod, kodlamak); synonyms (n) cipher, charter, law, act, key, rule, codex, canon, constitution, regulation, (v) cypher, encode, encipher, encrypt. şiir 1. poetry; synonyms (n) poem, poesy, verse, song, rhyme, style; antonym (n) prose, 2. verse; synonyms (n) poetry, stanza, strain, measure, clause, paragraph, canto, chapter, count, distich, meter, rhythm, sonnet, text, (v) poetize, 3. poem; synonyms (n) ballad, composition, construction, fabrication, from, laughingstock, making, metre, writing, creation, dirge, rune, speech, trifle, workmanship. şiirler poetry; synonyms (n) poem, poesy, verse, song, rhyme, style; antonym (n) prose. şiirsel poetic; synonyms (adj) poetical, romantic, artistic, beauteous, fanciful, graphic, imaginative, anapestic, beautiful, dactylic, dramatic, emotional, epic, epical, epodic. şık 1. elegant (zarif); synonyms (adj) graceful, courtly, delicate, splendid, beautiful, dainty, polite, refined, dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy, cultured, debonair; antonyms (adj) clumsy, inelegant, scruffy, ugly, coarse, plain, tacky, 2. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, clever, intelligent, jaunty, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow, 3. choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection, election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 4. alternative (alternatif, seçenek); synonyms (adj) alternate, alternating, variant, (n) choice, substitute, variation. şikâyet complaint; synonyms (n) accusation, ailment, charge, affection, disease, disorder, ill, illness, lament, plaint, protest, sickness, wail, whine, claim. şımarıklık sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning, garnish, impertinence, billingsgate, salad, cheek, insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve, flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth. şimdi 1. now; synonyms (adv) forthwith, here, immediately, currently, directly, instantly, presently, already, nowadays, straight, today, just, right, (adj) current, present; antonyms (adv) later, soon, 2. presently; synonyms (adv) now, shortly, quickly. şimdiden already; synonyms (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, once, earlier, finally, (adj) erewhile, present.

427

şimdiki 1. current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow,

stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, old-fashioned, previous, 2. present (armağan, hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent, 3. actual (gerçek); synonyms (adj) real, absolute, true, factual, genuine, authentic, existent, indisputable, literal, positive, precise, tangible, veritable, very, (n) accurate; antonyms (adj) false, hypothetical, supposed, 4. immediate; synonyms (adj) close, prompt, direct, sudden, near, present, quick, expeditious, fast, hasty, proximate, speedy, express, adjacent, firsthand; antonyms (adj) slow, gradual, consecutive, deliberate. şimşek 1. lightning; synonyms (n) bolt, levin, bolter, dart, fetter, enlightenment, quarrel, shackle, (v) lightening, luminary, (adj) wind, 2. flash; synonyms (n) sparkle, blaze, shimmer, glitter, instant, coruscation, (v) flicker, twinkle, blink, flame, gleam, glimmer, coruscate, dazzle, lighten. şıpsevdi susceptible; synonyms (adj) impressionable, receptive, responsive, sensitive, subject, liable, delicate, pliable, susceptive, vulnerable, irritable, open, amenable, exposed, impressible; antonyms (adj) resistant, unsusceptible. şıra must; synonyms (v) have, need, mold, demand, ought, shall, should, (n) essential, necessity, requirement, obligation, necessary, mustiness, requisite, want; antonym (n) option. şirin 1. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 2. pleasant (hoş); synonyms (adj) bright, acceptable, agreeable, amiable, jolly, kindly, nice, facetious, affable, attractive, cheerful, clear, comfortable, congenial, enjoyable; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, disagreeable, disgusting, foul, gruesome, harsh, horrible, nasty, repugnant, shocking, terrible, unwelcome, appalling, frosty, grisly. şirket 1. firm; synonyms (n) company, (adj) constant, hard, stable, close, compact, determined, fixed, resolute, solid, steadfast, steady, strong, decisive, (v) faithful; antonyms (adj) irresolute, soft, weak, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, 2. company; synonyms (n) companionship, society, association, band, business, cohort, collection, brigade, assemblage, bevy, caller, club, companion, corps, (v) accompany; antonym (n) solitude, 3. concern; synonyms (n) affair, regard, attention, anxiety,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

428

Turkish - English

bother, matter, apprehension, burden, disquiet, fear, (v) worry, affect, care, interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 4. corporation; synonyms (n) belly, concern, body, corp, firm, organization, partnership, agency, establishment, foundation, group, incorporation, municipality, potbelly, conglomerate, 5. society; synonyms (n) institution, public, community, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, guild, order, brotherhood, folk, friendship, gild. şiş lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout. şişe bottle; synonyms (n) container, flask, jug, jar, pot, carboy, gourd, (v) preserve, can. şişelemek bottle (şişe); synonyms (n) container, flask, jug, jar, pot, carboy, gourd, (v) preserve, can. şişirmek 1. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge, 2. bulk (hacim, yığın); synonyms (n) mass, size, amount, majority, volume, capacity, body, dimension, extent, magnitude, quantity, thickness, scale, (v) bulge, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority. şişkin fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. şişkinlik inflation (enflasyon); synonyms (n) expansion, dilatation, increase, rise, boom, subtilization, appreciation, accumulation, augmentation, bombast, conceit, depression, euphemism, exaggeration, (adj) pretension; antonym (n) deflation. şişko 1. fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender, 2. gross (brüt, kaba); synonyms (adj) crass, coarse, big, boorish, common, crude, fat, blunt, disgusting, broad, brutal, earthy, entire, (v) foul, (n) aggregate; antonyms (adj) attractive, (v) net. şişman fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. şişmek 1. bulk (hacim, yığın); synonyms (n) mass, size, amount, majority, volume, capacity, body, dimension, extent, magnitude, quantity, thickness, scale, (v) bulge, (adj) lump; antonym (n) minority, 2. belly (göbek, karın); synonyms (n) abdomen, stomach, inside, bowels, intestines, waist, entrails, gut, paunch, venter, (v) balloon, swell, billow, bloat,

3. expand (büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) amplify, enlarge, broaden, develop, distend, aggrandize, augment,

extend, inflate, explicate, elaborate, grow, increase, (adj) dilate, expatiate; antonyms (v) contract,

shorten, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, shrink, summarize, narrow, 4. fill (doldurmak); synonyms (v) block, clog, charge, line, stuff, accomplish, execute, complete, brim, close, cram, flood, fulfill, (n) crowd, filling; antonyms (v) empty, free. şive accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) stress, dialect, emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, accentuation, articulation, intonation, pronunciation, (v) emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate, pronounce. şoför driver (sürücü); synonyms (n) coachman, postboy, club, chaser, commuter, hoistman, pursuer, spanker. şöhret 1. fame (ün); synonyms (n) credit, distinction, report, reputation, bruit, honor, prestige, renown, buzz, eminence, hearsay, kudos, (v) celebrity, cry, esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, 2. reputation; synonyms (n) fame, name, face, character, notoriety, prominence, repute, standing, glory, rank, estimation, importance, respect, account, (v) regard, 3. odour; synonyms (n) fragrance, flavour, aroma, smell, odor, scent, flavor, feel, feeling, look, olfaction, smelling, spirit, tone, 4. prominence; synonyms (n) hump, protuberance, height, bulge, consequence, projection, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity, jut, swelling, emphasis, hill, influence, 5. report (rapor); synonyms (n) description, gossip, notice, message, narration, narrative, news, notification, recital, record, story, (v) describe, communicate, recount, relate; antonym (n) fact, 6.

record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, score, inscribe, mark, enrol. şöhretli renowned; synonyms (adj) celebrated, illustrious, famous, eminent, famed, notable, noted, glorious, distinguished, great, notorious, wellknown, known, reputable, (n) noble; antonym (adj) unknown. şok 1. shock; synonyms (n) blow, daze, impact, collision, outrage, surprise, concussion, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle, appall, clash, disgust, dismay; antonym (v) comfort, 2. jar (kavanoz); synonyms (n) jangle, crock, container, jog, shake, amphora, bottle, crash, (v) jolt, creak, bump, collide, jounce, grate, agitate. şölen feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner, entertainment, binge, carousal, celebration, festival, meal, spread, (v) junket, fete, eat, feed, treat, entertain; antonym (v) fast. şömine fireplace; synonyms (n) chimney, fire, hearth, fireside, ingle, barbecue, blaze, favourite, flame, paramour, sweetheart.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English şort shorts; synonyms (n) pants, knickers, drawers, trunks, underwear, bloomers, boxers, underdrawers. şov show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, (n) display, appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. şövalye knight; synonyms (n) cavalier, horseman, horse, chevalier, knighthood, adventurer, buck, cavalry, diacetylmorphine, heroin, junk, savior, lover, (v) dub, nickname. şöyle so (böyle); synonyms (adv) accordingly, as, consequently, hence, thus, indeed, then, therefore, insomuch, also, wherefore, (n) sol, (pron) that, (adj) likewise. şube 1. branch (dal, dallanmak); synonyms (n) arm, jump, wing, affiliate, ramus, member, division, limb, offshoot, outgrowth, section, shoot, (v) fork, diverge, divide, 2. department (bölüm); synonyms (n) bureau, compartment, area, agency, class, faculty, branch, domain, field, line, office, part, realm, subject, service. şükran gratitude; synonyms (n) appreciation, thanks, acknowledgment, feeling, anger, benediction, conviction, credit, recognition, resentment, tribute, honor, impression, merit, obligation; antonym (n) ingratitude. şükretmek praise; synonyms (n) compliment, acclaim, applause, commendation, glory, kudos, admiration, (v) applaud, approve, commend, extol, honor, flatter, celebrate, glorify; antonyms (n) criticism, disparagement, (v) criticize, belittle, disparage, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, scold, chastise, denigrate, sully. şüphe 1. suspicion; synonyms (n) apprehension, distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear, hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust, certainty, 2. question (mesele, soru); synonyms (n) inquiry, challenge, demand, matter, problem, (v) query, inquire, interrogate, investigate, contest, dispute, examine, enquire, argue, ask; antonym (v) answer, 3. doubt; synonyms (n) disbelief, question, incertitude, skepticism, uncertainty, diffidence, doubtfulness, dubiety, incredulity, quandary, (v) suspicion, suspect, demur, disbelieve, hesitate; antonyms (n) confidence, conclusiveness, 4. uncertainty; synonyms (n) indecision, suspense, irresolution, dubiousness, indecisiveness, ambiguity, hesitancy, uncertainness, confusion, insecurity, vacillation, vagueness, volatility, anxiety, (adj) instability; antonyms (n) decisiveness, clarity. şüpheci suspicious; synonyms (adj) distrustful, questionable, suspect, doubtful, dubious, queer, shady, incredulous, fishy, funny, jealous,

429

mistrustful, shy, leery, skeptical; antonyms (adj) trusting, aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy. şüphelenen suspicious; synonyms (adj) distrustful, questionable, suspect, doubtful, dubious, queer, shady, incredulous, fishy, funny, jealous, mistrustful, shy, leery, skeptical; antonyms (adj) trusting, aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy. şüphelenmek suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, distrust, mistrust, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise, believe, disbelieve, divine, (adj) fishy, questionable, shady, suspicious, dubious; antonyms (v) trust, (adj) trustworthy. şüpheli 1. doubtful; synonyms (adj) ambiguous, debatable, dubious, disputable, distrustful, queer, questionable, suspicious, tentative, diffident, hesitant, indistinct, skeptical, uncertain, undecided; antonyms (adj) certain, trusting, convinced, reliable, confident, persuaded, provable, sure, 2. suspicious; synonyms (adj) suspect, doubtful, shady, incredulous, fishy, funny, jealous, mistrustful, shy, leery, apprehensive, wary, suspicion, doubting, mysterious; antonyms (adj) aboveboard, aggressive, gullible, trustworthy, 3. loose; synonyms (adj) lax, liberal, dissolute, licentious, light, vague, detached, immoral, (v) disengage, liberate, relax, release, detach, (n) free, limp; antonyms (adj) tight, close, compressed, dense, taut, strict, compact, wedged, 4. dubious; synonyms (adj) precarious, unlikely, unreliable, unsure, dubitable, equivocal, indefinite, problematic, shaky, shifty, unclear, unsettled, untrustworthy, crooked, implausible; antonyms (adj) indisputable, definite, 5. uncertain; synonyms (adj) changeable, chancy, unsafe, variable, hazardous, risky, indeterminate, fitful, hazy, inconstant, insecure, irresolute, unpredictable, unstable, (n) incertain; antonyms (adj) clear, decisive, decided, inevitable, safe, strongminded, unquestionable, 6. suspect; synonyms (v) doubt, distrust, mistrust, suppose, conjecture, guess, surmise, believe, disbelieve, divine, assume, fear, consider, imagine, query; antonym (v) trust. şüphesiz 1. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, secure, safe, firm, indisputable, dependable, assured, confident, definite, infallible, positive, bound, (adv) certainly, (v) steady; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, 2. doubtless; synonyms (adv) assuredly, questionless, undoubtedly, presumably, probably, unquestionably, (adj) sure, certes, 3. certain; synonyms (adj) actual, absolute, categorical, decisive, fixed, inevitable, particular, perfect, special, specific, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal, unquestionable, plain; antonym (adj) questionable, 4. easily (kolayca); synonyms (adv)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

430

Turkish - English

lightly, comfortably, readily, well, easy, handily, simply, smoothly, swimmingly, naturally; antonyms (adv) awkwardly, hardly, 5. secure (güvenli); synonyms (v) close, fix, preserve, fasten, acquire, assure, attain, ensure, fast, gain, get, guarantee, guard, (adj) attach, bind; antonyms (v) lose, detach, (adj) insecure, vulnerable, loose, unsafe. şuur consciousness (bilinç); synonyms (n) awareness, feeling, sense, conscience, cognizance, mind, notion, knowledge, self; antonym (n) unconsciousness. şuursuz unconscious; synonyms (adj) involuntary, unaware, ignorant, subconscious, unwitting, oblivious, automatic, insensible, instinctive, senseless, unintentional, spontaneous, innocent, unknowing, unacquainted; antonyms (adj) conscious, awake, deliberate.

T taahhüt 1. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, charge, allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion, loyalty, promise, tie, commission, confinement, consignment, contract, debt, duty, 2. engagement; synonyms (n) combat, battle, commitment, conflict, contest, fight, betrothal, date, employment, encounter, employ, agreement, clash, meeting, (v) action, 3. undertaking; synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, task, attempt, business, project, venture, adventure, endeavor, job, effort, guarantee, pledge, work, affair. taahhütlü registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled, booked, conscript, denoted, destined, indicated, measured. tabak 1. plate; synonyms (n) dish, leaf, home, engraving, disc, armor, base, board, bowl, denture, plaque, (v) gild, sheet, cover, coat, 2. course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, bearing, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase, 3. dish; synonyms (n) beauty, disk, plate, platter, saucer, container, dishful, bag, (v) hollow, serve. tabaka 1. coat (palto); synonyms (n) cover, coating, crust, film, fur, jacket, layer, bark, case, casing, (v) cloak, sheath, blanket, plaster, glaze, 2. layer (katman); synonyms (n) coat, course, level, ply, stratum, covering, floor, mantle, row, tier, slab, substratum, zone, deposit, (v) pile, 3. sheet (yaprak); synonyms (n) board, leaf, canvas, paper, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail, mainsheet, pane, slip, bill, counterpane, form, 4. bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting, (v) embed, 5. order

(düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra);

synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 6. covering; synonyms (v) vesture, (n) clothing, apparel, concealment, wrapper, awning, canopy, envelope, screen, shell, top, clothes, coverture, (adj) over, protective, 7. sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department, globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field. taban 1. floor (zemin); synonyms (n) bed, level, base, layer, bottom, flooring, ground, platform, soil, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle; antonym (n) top, 2. base (alçak, baz, temel, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, leg, (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, infamous, (v) found; antonyms (n) summit, (adj) noble, 3. sole; synonyms (adj) lone, single, singular, one, alone, exclusive, individual, only, solitary, particular, separate, (n) flounder, shoe, foot, (v) resole, 4. bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, berth, flowerbed, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting, course, seam, seat, (v) embed, hump. tabanca 1. gun (top, tüfek); synonyms (n) artillery, gunman, handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver, shooter, torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker, 2. heater; synonyms (n) brasier, warmer, bullet, fastball, calefactor, cannabis, dope, fume, gage, ganja, grass, hummer, salamander, smoke, tuyere. tabela sign (alamet, im, işaret); synonyms (n) signal, indication, mark, motion, portent, brand, emblem, imprint, manifestation, omen, poster, presage, wave, (v) gesture, indicate. tabetme printing; synonyms (n) impression, issue, imprint, type, duplicating, copying, belief, depression, effect, feeling, notion, opinion, picture, embossing, printmaking. tabi subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. tabiat 1. nature; synonyms (n) character, disposition, class, essence, creation, quality, breed, attribute, constitution, humor, manner, mettle, temperament, type, (adj) kind, 2. character (karakter); synonyms (n) nature, note, part, role, brand, description, eccentric, spirit, tone, standing, atmosphere, attitude, case, complexion, (v) cast, 3. kidney (böbrek); synonyms (n) variety, feather, stripe, order, nephros, waiter. tabii 1. certainly; synonyms (adv) assuredly, surely, necessarily, definitely, really, sure, truly, inevitably, absolutely, clearly, exactly, indeed, indubitably, positively, (int) yes; antonyms (adv) doubtfully,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English questionably, 2. sure; synonyms (adj) certain, reliable, secure, safe, firm, indisputable, dependable, assured, confident, definite, infallible, positive, bound, (adv) certainly, (v) steady; antonyms (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant.

tabir expression (anlatım, deyim, ifade); synonyms (n) diction, phrase, voice, appearance, aspect, declaration, demonstration, manifestation, articulation, express, countenance, face, idiom, indication, language; antonym (n) repression. tabiye tactics; synonyms (n) tactic, plan, method, system, scheme, conduct, maneuver, campaign, devices, diplomacy. tabla tray (tepsi); synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket, bassinet, case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser, dosser, hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard. tablo 1. table (çizelge, masa); synonyms (n) board, chart, schedule, stand, list, plateau, console, platen, panel, (v) defer, postpone, shelve, slate, tablet, (adj) plate, 2. picture (görüntü, resim); synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing, likeness, depiction, description, (v) image, describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, 3. painting (resim); synonyms (n) picture, portrait, icon, design, coat, art. tabure stool; synonyms (n) chair, seat, bench, dejection, faeces, feces, ordure, form, movement, throne, toilet, can, commode, crapper, lavatory. tabut coffin; synonyms (n) casket, chest, cask, hearse, urn, automobile, basket, contention, controversy, crate, strife, tomb, (v) bury. taç 1. crown; synonyms (n) top, apex, cover, crest, peak, pinnacle, summit, kingdom, acme, corona, coronal, (v) cap, complete, consummate, culminate, 2. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, 3. crest; synonyms (n) crown, brow, height, hilltop, zenith, upside, edge, device, emblem, heraldry, point, ridge, (v) climax, (adj) panache, plume. tacir merchant; synonyms (n) dealer, seller, trader, merchandiser, retailer, shopkeeper, storekeeper, vendor, broker, trafficker, wholesaler, (v) chapman; antonym (n) buyer. tahammülsüz impatient; synonyms (adj) eager, hasty, anxious, petulant, fidgety, keen, edgy, quick, avid, enthusiastic, impetuous, irritable, restive, restless, testy; antonyms (adj) patient, enduring. tahıl 1. corn (mısır); synonyms (n) maize, clavus, cereals, callus, wheat, grain, commonplace, (v) feed, keep, 2. grain (tane); synonyms (n) corn, crumb, bit, berry, cereal, fragment, atom, character, grist, kernel, scrap, speck, buckwheat, cast, iota.

431

tahkikat inquest; synonyms (n) examination, inquiry, investigation, quest, probe, inquisition, inspection, search. tahlil analysis (analiz, çözümleme); synonyms (n) anatomy, breakdown, decomposition, inquiry, inspection, investigation, psychoanalysis, resolution, review, scrutiny, study, exploration, calculation, diagnosis, examination; antonym (n) synthesis. tahlilci analyst; synonyms (n) psychoanalyst, analyzer, expert, psychiatrist, examiner, commentator, accountant, authority, chemist, counselor, critic, detective, forecaster, investigator, observer. tahliye 1. discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire, 2. release (serbest bırakmak); synonyms (n) discharge, issue, liberation, departure, ransom, exemption, disengagement, (v) exempt, free, liberate, pardon, dismiss, excuse, exonerate, (adj) disengage; antonyms (n) imprisonment, abduction, custody, involvement, preservation, (v) confine, imprison, arrest, catch. tahmin 1. forecast (tahmin etmek); synonyms (n) calculation, forecasting, forethought, (v) presage, anticipate, augur, calculate, portend, bode, estimate, figure, forebode, foretell, predict, prognosticate, 2. estimate; synonyms (n) appraisal, assessment, (v) compute, consider, count, esteem, guess, weigh, account, appraise, assess, computation, conjecture, estimation, forecast, 3. guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek); synonyms (v) surmise, believe, deem, divine, reckon, suppose, assume, feel, gauge, infer, suspect, (n) assumption, hypothesis, speculation, supposition, 4. calculation (hesap, hesaplama); synonyms (n) reckoning, analysis, arithmetic, deliberation, discretion, anticipation, projection, expectation, figuring, (adj) circumspection, prudence, 5. prediction; synonyms (n) divination, foresight, announcement, augury, prognostication, prophecy, vaticination, foretelling, foreboding, prevision, soothsaying, expectancy, foreshadowing, 6. speculation; synonyms (n) reflection, venture, guesswork, meditation, gamble, adventure, theory, risk, cogitation, consideration, contemplation, opinion, chance, rumination, stake. Tahmini estimated; synonyms (adj) approximate, rough, anticipated, expected, ballpark, likely, predictable, probable, projected, reputed, sketchy, theoretical, vague, academic, hypothetical; antonym (adj) exact. tahrip 1. destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse, ruin, abolition, damage, demolition, desolation, devastation, downfall, end, bane, depredation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

432

Turkish - English

disaster, (v) defeat, doom; antonyms (n) construction, creation, preservation, protection, conservation, formation, reparation, 2. demolition; synonyms (n) annihilation, demolishment, destruction, obliteration, razing, sabotage, disposal, bulldozing, destroyer, explosion, leveling, slaying, wipeout. tahsil education (eğitim); synonyms (n) training, discipline, instruction, teaching, breeding, background, culture, enlightenment, knowledge, learning, nurture, pedagogy, schooling, literacy, tuition. tahsildar 1. collector; synonyms (n) accumulator, receiver, gatherer, caporal, choregus, commissioner, flugelman, linkboy, woon, aggregator, bearer, cashier, investor, hoarder, magpie, 2. receiver (alıcı); synonyms (n) recipient, beneficiary, earpiece, headset, liquidator, collector, phone, telephone, matrass, questor; antonym (n) donor. tahsilli informed; synonyms (adj) aware, cognizant, educated, conscious, knowledgeable, familiar, apprised, wise, conversant, experienced, (adv) abreast; antonym (adj) ignorant. taht throne; synonyms (n) seat, can, stool, place, chair, commode, crapper, lavatory, pot, potty, (v) enthrone. tahta 1. board; synonyms (n) council, bench, meal, panel, table, office, sign, commission, committee, court, embark, plank, (v) keep, lodge, accommodate; antonym (v) disembark, 2. wood (ağaç, koru, odun); synonyms (n) forest, timber, woods, tree, lumber, coppice, jungle, 3. wooden; synonyms (adj) stiff, wood, stilted, expressionless, inept, dead, impassive. tahtırevan litter; synonyms (n) brood, bedding, stretcher, garbage, junk, mess, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste, issue, (v) clutter, (adj) jumble, disarray, huddle. tahvil 1. bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band, adhere, 2. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list. takas clearing; synonyms (n) clarification, glade, clearance, dell, lot, aisle, assart, colonization, defrayal, hollow, payment, region, track, allowance, basin. takdim 1. introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript, 2. presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition,

demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, exposure, overture, presentment, production, recital. takdir 1. tribute; synonyms (n) commendation, praise, tax, contribution, honor, testimonial, duty, homage, eulogy, respect, compliment, appreciation, approval, (v) subsidy, allowance; antonym (n) criticism, 2. admiration; synonyms (n) wonder, adoration, esteem, reverence, amazement, estimation, regard, awe, liking, approbation, astonishment, credit, deference, surprise, veneration; antonyms (n) disrespect, disdain, 3. appreciation; synonyms (n) admiration, acknowledgment, awareness, conception, feeling, grasp, recognition, taste, understanding, discernment, enjoyment, gratitude, hold, insight, (v) sense; antonym (n) depreciation. takılmak 1. rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting, convention, gathering, (v) banter, gather, muster, congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize, 2. kid; synonyms (n) baby, child, youngster, infant, juvenile, toddler, tot, babe, teenager, brat, (v) joke, jest, mock, fool, jolly, 3. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab, pawl; antonym (v) release, 4. sport (spor); synonyms (n) frolic, play, pastime, diversion, fun, romp, amusement, disport, mutant, recreation, freak, exercise, entertainment, game, (v) gambol. takım 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 2. team; synonyms (n) crew, company, gang, squad, organization, party, side, troop, couple, brigade, faction, group, (v) pair, band, (adj) rank, 3. battery (akü, batarya, pil); synonyms (n) army, barrage, collection, mugging, onslaught, sequence, violence, regiment, squadron, ark, battalia, battalion, bombardment, bully, clot, 4. gang; synonyms (n) circle, crowd, association, bunch, mob, pack, team, assemblage, clique, club, horde, knot, ring, set, swarm, 5. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition, (v) agree, fit, correspond, accommodate, adapt, answer, become, match, meet, please, 6. suite; synonyms (n) retinue, series, entourage, apartment, cortege, flat, train, court, battery, rooms, (adj) round, succession, 7. tackle; synonyms (v) handle, harness, undertake, attempt, stop, struggle, grapple, (n) gear, equipment, rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, apparatus, outfit; antonym (v) avoid, 8. kit; synonyms (n) stuff, fiddle, tackle, tools, 9. parcel (paket); synonyms (n) lot, bale, bundle, division, package, packet,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English section, batch, plot, patch, allotment, (v) portion, distribute, apportion, divide, 10. bunch (grup, salkım); synonyms (n) cluster, clump, bulge, herd, accumulation, knob, mass, throng, assortment, bevy, assembly, budget, (v) huddle, heap, constellate; antonym (v) disperse, 11. gear; synonyms (n) device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, luggage, thing, wheel, attire, garb, furniture, machinery, (v) equip, 12. unit (birim, ünite); synonyms (n) element, aggregate, cell, detachment, member, ace, component, part, system, whole, force, article, block, body, (adj) one, 13. squad; synonyms (n) platoon, corps, detail, unit. takınmak wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. takip 1. chase; synonyms (n) game, search, quest, (v) hunt, pursue, expel, follow, stalk, track, trail, chamfer, pursuit, race, seek, evict, 2. pursuit; synonyms (n) chase, persecution, career, interest, job, business, employment, performance, following, occupation, pastime, aspiration, profession, line, activity. takke cap; synonyms (n) cover, bonnet, lid, capital, base, ceiling, crest, detonator, tip, closure, (v) top, beat, limit, surpass, better. taklit 1. false (yanlış); synonyms (adj) bastard, counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous, artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless, fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true, real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural, truthful, honest, valid, 2. imitation; synonyms (n) dummy, copy, forgery, mockery, duplicate, mock, reproduction, caricature, impersonation, mimicry, (adj) bogus, false, phony, replica, (v) parody; antonym (n) original. takma artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real. takmak 1. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, rise, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley, 2. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange, set, clamp, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 3. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh.

takriben about (hakkında, hemen hemen); synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost,

433

nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely. taksi 1. taxi; synonyms (n) cab, hack, taxicab, automobile, cabriolet, drudge, hacker, jade, nag, plug, taxiing, vehicle, minicab, (v) coast, transfer, 2. cab; synonyms (n) taxi, car, fly, droshki, drosky, growler, omnibus. taktik 1. tactics; synonyms (n) tactic, plan, method, system, scheme, conduct, maneuver, campaign, devices, diplomacy, 2. tactical; synonyms (adj) advisable, delicate, expedient, planned, politic, prudent, tactful, calculated, considered, deliberate, intentional, premeditated. takvim calendar; synonyms (n) almanac, agenda, schedule, diary, journal, program, timetable, (v) list. takviye consolidation; synonyms (n) amalgamation, unification, combination, fortification, union, condensation, joinder, coalition, integration. talep 1. claim; synonyms (n) call, charge, allegation, privilege, right, title, (v) demand, ask, assert, exact, arrogate, contend, need, require, requisition; antonyms (v) deny, disclaim, forfeit, 2. demand; synonyms (n) claim, request, requirement, sale, want, (v) command, appeal, beg, expect, involve, necessitate, take, challenge, crave, clamor; antonym (v) supply, 3. application (uygulama); synonyms (n) plea, appliance, concentration, diligence, effort, exercise, petition, use, attention, administration, coating, employment, exertion, function, industry, 4. request (istek); synonyms (n) bid, prayer, application, entreaty, wish, invitation, asking, quest, (v) invite, order, pray, desire, entreat, beseech, inquire, 5. sale (satış); synonyms (n) fair, disposal, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, inn, (adj) cheap. tali secondary (ikincil); synonyms (adj) inferior, lower, minor, subordinate, ancillary, derivative, incidental, auxiliary, indirect, junior, second, less, petty, deficient, (n) proxy; antonyms (adj) basic, main, central, chief, direct, fundamental, major, primary. talih 1. fortune; synonyms (n) chance, destiny, estate, fate, fluke, accident, luck, means, abundance, assets, doom, lot, riches, wealth, blessing, 2. luck; synonyms (n) fortune, hazard, advantage, hap, portion, coincidence, circumstances; antonym (n) misfortune. talihli 1. lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable, propitious, prosperous, favourable, successful, flourishing, advantageous, blessed, chance, good, providential, (n) happy, favored, (v) fortunate; antonyms (adj) unlucky, hapless, ill-fated, unfortunate, 2. fortunate; synonyms (adj) lucky, fortuitous, well, felicitous, golden, advantaged, desirable, hopeful.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

434

Turkish - English

talihsiz unfortunate; synonyms (adj) inauspicious, poor, sad, bad, disastrous, hapless, inopportune, adverse, calamitous, deplorable, infelicitous, lamentable, unlucky, untoward, ill; antonyms (adj) fortunate, lucky. talihsizlik disaster (yıkım); synonyms (n) calamity, catastrophe, accident, adversity, blow, casualty, cataclysm, debacle, destruction, fiasco, misadventure, misfortune, affliction, curse, bane; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy. talim 1. drill (matkap); synonyms (n) exercise, discipline, practice, auger, borer, rehearsal, gimlet, (v) bore, coach, educate, inculcate, instruct, perforate, pierce, tap, 2. exercise (alıştırma); synonyms (n) employment, application, play, movement, action, activity, example, function, (v) drill, apply, employ, use, exert, train, do. talimat 1. instruction (yönerge); synonyms (n) charge, command, advice, counsel, direction, education, guidance, guideline, information, injunction, prescription, teaching, bidding, commission, doctrine, 2. instructions; synonyms (n) orders, guide, will, formula, guidelines, handbook, message, briefing, method, mission, preparation, procedure, process, remit, steps, 3. direction (yön); synonyms (n) administration, conduct, bearing, course, address, control, instruction, rule, aspect, aim, lead, order, care, dictate, (v) management, 4. directive (yönerge); synonyms (n) decree, edict, ruling, pronouncement, bylaw, law, mandate, (adj) directing, directional, guiding, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat. tam 1. exactly (aynen); synonyms (adv) precisely, correctly, right, truly, sharp, absolutely, just, accurately, certainly, closely, completely, directly, punctually, rightly, barely; antonyms (adv) approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 2. exact; synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, (v) accurate, close, demand, require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 3. accurate (doğru); synonyms (adj) exact, faithful, true, literal, meticulous, nice, strict, truthful, scientific, delicate, express, faultless, genuine, honest, narrow; antonym (adj) false, 4. absolute (mutlak, saf); synonyms (adj) downright, peremptory, total, unconditional, categorical, full, real, unqualified, utter, arbitrary, authoritative, certain, complete, conclusive, (n) positive; antonyms (adj) partial, qualified, 5. complete (bitirmek, eksiksiz, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, stark, accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, finish, execute, act, attain,

cease, clear; antonyms (adj) incomplete, unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, (v) neglect, 6. precise; synonyms (adj) minute, neat, particular, ceremonious, distinct, fastidious, formal, punctilious, specific, methodical, fixed, explicit, fine, orderly, prim; antonym (adj) rough, 7. very (çok, pek); synonyms (adv) extremely, greatly, highly, really, entirely, most, quite, actually, too, awfully, exceedingly, (adj) much, identical, considerably, (n) self; antonyms (adv) abysmally, slightly, somewhat, 8. perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) entire, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, flawless, ideal, immaculate, pure, irreproachable, great, (v) fulfill, mature, crown; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed, 9. full (dolu); synonyms (adj) abundant, broad, flush, ample, enough, extensive, comprehensive, copious, good, plump, undivided, wide, fat, deep, (n) crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, starving, hungry, 10. entire (bütün); synonyms (adj) gross, intact, mere, unbroken, universal, radical, dead, livelong, undiminished, implicit, main, finished, general, (n) stallion, unabridged, 11. thorough; synonyms (adj) exhaustive, profound, painstaking, sweeping, sound, conscientious, heavy, intensive, intimate, outright, overall, rigorous, scrupulous, severe, thoroughgoing; antonyms (adj) superficial, careless, slack, 12. strict; synonyms (adj) rigid, stern, austere, harsh, exacting, hard, inflexible, stiff, cruel, grim, relentless, punctual, religious, brutal, demanding; antonyms (adj) lenient, free, lax, flexible, negligent, relaxed, 13. true (doğru, gerçek); synonyms (adj) even, straight, sincere, factual, loyal, proper, reliable, veritable, rightful, substantial, indisputable, lawful, legitimate, level, (v) square; antonyms (adj) bogus, untrue, 14. utter; synonyms (adj) extreme, (v) say, articulate, breathe, speak, state, tell, declare, deliver, emit, pronounce, talk, voice, reveal, disclose, 15. due; synonyms (adj) appropriate, equitable, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, legal, fair, fit, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, privilege, tax, desert; antonyms (adj) paid, undue, 16. dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb, vapid, out; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 17. implicit; synonyms (adj) silent, tacit, understood, undeclared, unsaid, implied, inherent, unquestioning, virtual, practical, 18. intact; synonyms (adj) undamaged, uninjured, untouched, inviolate, safe, unharmed, unhurt, unscathed, virgin, unblemished; antonym (adj) broken, 19. just; synonyms (adv) exactly, hardly, newly, simply, exclusively, merely, (adj) impartial, reasonable, righteous, upright, due, ethical, evenhanded, honorable, moral; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, 20. whole (Bütün); synonyms (adj) aggregate,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English healthy, well, natural, round, (n) sum, hale, unit, mass, amount, entirety, everything, ensemble, (adv) altogether, totally; antonym (n) part. tamam 1. done; synonyms (adj) finished, complete, completed, over, gone, through, (adv) ended; antonym (adj) unfinished, 2. complete (bitirmek, eksiksiz, tam, tamamlamak); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, full, stark, accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, close, finish, execute, act, attain; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 3. okay (iyi); synonyms (adv) fine, (adj) good, alright, well, fair, (int) yes, (n) approval, authorization, agreement, (v) approve, sanction, consent, endorse, authorize, countenance; antonyms (adj) unsatisfactory, (v) forbid, 4. exactly (aynen, tam); synonyms (adv) precisely, correctly, right, truly, sharp, absolutely, just, accurately, certainly, closely, completely, directly, punctually, rightly, barely; antonyms (adv) approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about. tamamen 1. altogether; synonyms (adv) absolutely, all, wholly, completely, entirely, perfectly, purely, simply, totally, ensemble, fully, utterly, generally, quite, thoroughly; antonym (adv) partly, 2. absolutely; synonyms (adv) surely, categorically, dead, decidedly, definitely, exactly, just, precisely, very, truly, altogether, clearly, (int) positively, certainly, (adj) really; antonyms (adv) partially, doubtfully, 3. entirely; synonyms (adv) clean, solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, right, extremely, whole, 4. fully; synonyms (adv) downright, enough, amply, full, well, abundantly, adequately, considerably, favorably, carefully, outright, sufficiently, advantageously, (adj) complete, effectually; antonym (adv) superficially, 5. exactly (aynen, tam); synonyms (adv) correctly, sharp, accurately, closely, directly, punctually, rightly, barely, due, minutely, literally, plumb, smack, straight, strictly; antonyms (adv) approximately, inaccurately, (prep) about, 6. wholly; synonym (adv) unreservedly, 7. quite; synonyms (adv) sheer, even, fairly, rather, stark, awfully, far, pretty, somewhat, clear, comparatively, reasonably, moderately, 8. perfectly; synonym (adv) flawlessly; antonyms (adv) badly, imperfectly, 9. completely; synonyms (adv) roundly, finally, deeply, hollow, (adj) out, throughout; antonym (adv) hardly, 10. dead (ölmüş, ölü); synonyms (adj) dull, lifeless, cold, defunct, inanimate, absolute, breathless, deceased, extinct, fallen, flat, gone, idle, numb, vapid; antonyms (adj) alive, animate, (n) living, 11. off (kapalı); synonyms (adv) by, forth, beyond, over, aside, abreast, (adj) away, bad, putrid, remote,

435

down, rotten, wide, cancelled, (int) begone; antonyms (adj) fresh, on, 12. all (bütün, hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, entire, (n) aggregate, entirety, everything, sum, total, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some, 13. wide (geniş); synonyms (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, comprehensive, extensive, large, ample, vast, capacious, expanded, extended, open, sweeping, big, deep; antonyms (adj) narrow, thin, restricted, 14. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, good, (adj) healthy, fit, shaft, sound, robust, hale, happy, hearty, (n) fountain, spring, pit, fountainhead, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, poorly, (adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous. tamamıyla absolutely (tamamen); synonyms (adv) surely, utterly, categorically, completely, dead, decidedly, definitely, entirely, exactly, fully, just, precisely, purely, (int) positively, certainly; antonyms (adv) partially, doubtfully, partly. tamamlama 1. completion; synonyms (n) close, accomplishment, achievement, attainment, consummation, finish, closing, conclusion, ending, fulfillment, performance, complement, end, execution, perfection; antonym (n) start, 2. perfection (mükemmellik); synonyms (n) excellence, ideal, maturity, paragon, completeness, completion, crown, development, flawlessness, ripeness, integrity, complete, perfect, idol, prime; antonym (n) imperfection, 3. finishing; synonyms (adj) last, final, ultimate, (n) coating.

tamamlamak 1. complete (bitirmek, eksiksiz, tam); synonyms (adj) perfect, absolute, consummate, whole, full, stark, accomplished, all, (v) accomplish, achieve, close, finish, execute, act, attain; antonyms (adj) incomplete, partial, unfinished, abridged, shortened, sketchy, lacking, narrow, qualified, (v) neglect, 2. implement (alet, araç); synonyms (v) fulfil, apply, enforce, fulfill, complete, perform, discharge, (n) tool, apparatus, utensil, appliance, device, instrument, gadget, organ, 3. integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate, blend, combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate, embody, merge, unify, unite, join, mix, coalesce, commingle, desegregate; antonyms (v) separate, exclude, segregate, 4. perfect (eksiksiz); synonyms (adj) exact, utter, entire, faultless, thorough, exquisite, integral, blameless, clean, correct, flawless, ideal, immaculate, pure, (v) mature; antonyms (adj) imperfect, faulty, flawed. tamamlanmış finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete, completed, ended, perfect, consummate, absolute, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough.

tamamlayıcı 1. component (bileşen, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, factor, ingredient, part, detail, element, feature, member, unit, accessory,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

436

Turkish - English

division, piece, portion, section, (adj) fundamental,

2. integral (bütün, tümlev); synonyms (adj) complete, entire, inherent, full, constitutional, inbuilt, intact, total, all, integrant, organic, perfect, unbroken, (n) whole, differential.

tamir repair (onarım, onarmak, tamir etmek); synonyms (n) fix, overhaul, (v) remedy, mend, patch, redress, correct, cure, compensate, doctor, renovate, restore, heal, amend, go; antonym (v) break. tamlık accuracy (doğruluk); synonyms (n) fidelity, precision, truth, exactitude, exactness, reliability, care, closeness, correctness, faithfulness, meticulousness, veracity; antonyms (n) inaccuracy, vagueness, imprecision. tampon buffer; synonyms (n) safeguard, pad, protection, bumper, fender, shield, block, (v) cushion. tan dawn; synonyms (n) beginning, commencement, aurora, cockcrow, morning, onset, origin, prime, start, sunrise, birth, (v) break, begin, appear, (adj) daybreak; antonyms (n) dusk, sunset, twilight, (v) end, finish. tane 1. grain; synonyms (n) corn, crumb, bit, berry, cereal, fragment, atom, character, grist, kernel, scrap, speck, buckwheat, cast, iota, 2. piece (parça); synonyms (n) cut, division, part, article, component, composition, hunk, lump, patch, block, chunk, coin, constituent, cutting, fraction. tanesi each (her); synonyms (adv) apiece, (adj) every, any, singular, distinct, eche, ilk, eminent, exceptional, extraordinary, odd, same, strange, uncommon, unique. tanı diagnosis; synonyms (n) diagnosing, distinction, identification, examination, diorism, recognition, anatomy, breakdown, definition, differentiation, discovery, discrimination, division, forecast, prediction. tanıdık 1. acquaintance; synonyms (n) connection, familiarity, friend, acquaintanceship, mate, associate, awareness, buddy, companion, comrade, contact, conversance, conversancy, experience, (v) knowledge; antonyms (n) ignorance, stranger, 2. familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common, conversant, customary, everyday, intimate, commonplace, easy, ordinary, usual, acquainted, chummy, (n) accustomed, habitual, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new, unaccustomed, formal, ignorant, unknown. tanık witness; synonyms (n) spectator, testimony, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, evidence, observer, testifier, beholder, proof, (v) attest, observe, notice, see, view; antonym (n) participant. tanıklık 1. evidence (kanıt); synonyms (n) confirmation, mark, proof, data, argument, attestation, demonstration, sign, testimony, clue, (v) display, demonstrate, attest, certify, manifest, 2.

witness; synonyms (n) spectator, bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, evidence, observer, testifier, beholder, testify, attestant, (v) observe, notice, see, view, watch; antonym (n) participant, 3. testimony; synonyms (n) declaration, testimonial, statement, affidavit, affirmation, profession, deposition, certificate, avowal, verification, authority, speech, (v) witness, record. tanım 1. description (betimleme); synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation, depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character, 2. definition; synonyms (n) description, interpretation, limitation, definiteness; antonym (n) bagginess. tanıma 1. recognition; synonyms (n) acknowledgment, appreciation, identification, perception, cognizance, acceptance, acknowledgement, admission, approval, avowal, credit, realization, remembrance, salute, (adj) reception, 2. identification (kimlik); synonyms (n) designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming, papers, remembering, badge, recognition, denomination, 3. acknowledgement (alındı); synonyms (n) acclaim, preferment, realisation. tanımak 1. know (bilmek); synonyms (v) discern, comprehend, can, distinguish, have, recognize, understand, feel, acknowledge, agnise, agnize, apprehend, fathom, appreciate, (n) ken, 2. acknowledge; synonyms (v) accept, avow, confess, own, profess, admit, concede, declare, notice, affirm, agree, answer, confirm, grant, hail; antonyms (v) deny, ignore, overlook, reject, 3. own; synonyms (v) allow, hold, possess, get, enjoy, occupy, retain, keep, master, bear, control, (adj) individual, proper, private, personal, 4. recognize; synonyms (v) know, identify, discover, realize, descry, accredit, perceive, see, detect, discriminate, espy, experience, recognise, recognition, spot, 5. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, place, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, location, mark, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw. tanımlama 1. description (betimleme, tanım); synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation, depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character, 2. definition; synonyms (n) description, interpretation, limitation, definiteness; antonym (n) bagginess, 3. explanation (açıklama); synonyms (n) annotation, commentary, exposition, excuse, gloss, justification, solution, key, answer, caption, apology, basis, clarification, comment, elucidation; antonym (n) mystery. tanımlamak 1. define; synonyms (v) specify, characterize, clarify, explain, bound, construe, interpret, limit, name, restrict, circumscribe,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English outline, delimit, delimitate, delineate, 2. describe (betimlemek); synonyms (v) define, depict, report, represent, state, draw, relate, qualify, designate, narrate, recite, recount, sketch, adumbrate, demonstrate, 3. illustrate; synonyms (v) elucidate, describe, explicate, adorn, cite, decorate, embellish, expound, show, illuminate, ornament, embody, indicate, instance, (adj) exemplify. tanımlayıcı descriptive; synonyms (adj) expressive, narrative, graphic, illustrative, detailed, epic, illuminating, suggestive, vivid, figurative, delineating, delineatory, diagraphical, factual, informative; antonyms (adj) prescriptive, undescriptive. tanınma recognition (tanıma); synonyms (n) acknowledgment, appreciation, identification, perception, cognizance, acceptance, acknowledgement, admission, approval, avowal, credit, realization, remembrance, salute, (adj) reception. tanınmış 1. famous (ünlü); synonyms (adj) celebrated, eminent, splendid, distinguished, famed, illustrious, renowned, capital, conspicuous, important, known, notable, notorious, prominent, stunning; antonyms (adj) unknown, infamous, ordinary, 2. notable; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, famous, memorable, remarkable, great, marked, noted, noteworthy, outstanding, salient, signal, significant, (n) celebrity, luminary, notability; antonym (adj) insignificant, 3. distinguished; synonyms (adj) dignified, reputable, high, noble, superior, considerable, distinct, ace, exalted, excellent, glorious, grand, lofty, majestic, preeminent. tanışmak meet; synonyms (v) converge, find, assemble, congregate, encounter, fulfill, gather, answer, cross, confront, intersect, abut, concur, adjoin, (adj) fit; antonyms (v) avoid, disperse, diverge. tanıştırma introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript. tanıştırmak introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject, acquaint, advance, enter, exhibit, implant, inaugurate, infuse, initiate, precede, present, instill, interpose; antonym (v) end. tanıtıcı identifier; synonym (n) qualifier. tanıtım 1. introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript, 2. publicity (propaganda); synonyms (n) advertisement, promotion, advertising, notoriety, propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure.

437

tanıtma 1. introduction (giriş); synonyms (n) induction, beginning, foreword, insertion, preface, presentation, entrance, initiation, preamble, preliminary, prelude, admission, entry, intro, opening; antonyms (n) finale, export, postscript, 2. publicity (propaganda); synonyms (n) advertisement, promotion, advertising, notoriety, propaganda, exposure, buildup, disclosure, 3. presentation; synonyms (n) donation, exhibition, demonstration, display, introduction, performance, offer, appearance, exposition, gift, overture, presentment, production, recital, show. tanıtmak 1. introduce; synonyms (v) insert, interject, inject, acquaint, advance, enter, exhibit, implant, inaugurate, infuse, initiate, precede, present, instill, interpose; antonym (v) end, 2. present (armağan, hediye); synonyms (adj) grant, confer, (n) gift, donation, (v) bestow, display, give, introduce, prefer, deliver, donate, offer, perform, gratuity, award; antonyms (adj) missing, (n) past, future, history, (v) withdraw, (adv) absent. tank tank; synonyms (n) cistern, reservoir, container, cooler, belly, boiler, fermentor, jail, stomach, store, tankful, thickener, tub, lake, (v) fake. tanrı 1. father (baba); synonyms (n) begetter, dad, sire, creator, abba, beginner, forefather, founder, padre, patriarch, author, (v) beget, engender, create, generate; antonym (n) mother, 2. lord (sahip); synonyms (n) chief, master, noble, sir, seignior, almighty, gentleman, maker, mistress, nobleman, overlord, ruler, captain, impropriator. tapınak 1. temple; synonyms (n) church, tabernacle, shrine, brow, synagogue, forehead, chapel, kirk, meetinghouse, basilica, chantry, conventicle, memorial, oratory, side, 2. sanctuary; synonyms (n) refuge, asylum, retreat, haven, safety, reservation, chancel, protection, shelter, resort, cover, harbor, port, security, temple. tapınma 1. cult; synonyms (n) craze, persuasion, fad, faith, fashion, rage, religion, sect, denomination, creed, vogue, church, trend, camp, division, 2. worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n) adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration, devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate. tapınmak worship (tapma, tapmak); synonyms (n) adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration, devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate. tapma worship (tapmak); synonyms (n) adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration, devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate. tapmak worship (tapma); synonyms (n) adoration, respect, adulation, veneration, cult, admiration,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

438

Turkish - English

devotion, exaltation, homage, (v) praise, honor, revere, reverence, adore, glorify; antonym (v) hate. tapu deed (iş); synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, activity, document, doing, effort, fact, title, agency. taraça terrace; synonyms (n) patio, bench, veranda, porch, balcony, yard, accommodation, backyard, building, bungalow, cottage, farmhouse, green, grounds, igloo. taraf 1. part (bölüm, parça); synonyms (n) constituent, piece, article, character, component, cut, division, portion, section, share, (v) branch, break, disjoin, divide, divorce; antonyms (n) whole, entirety, (adj) complete, 2. way (yol); synonyms (n) course, method, path, passage, road, route, track, custom, direction, form, manner, means, style, fashion, habit, 3. side (kenar, yan); synonyms (n) edge, rim, faction, border, brink, face, part, hand, aspect, facet, margin, page, position, wing, (v) party; antonym (adj) distant, 4. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant. tarafından by; synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. tarafsız neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested, impartial, indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal, noncommittal, colorless, detached, fair, inert, objective, unbiased, apathetic, independent, (n) neuter; antonyms (adj) biased, aromatic, colorful. tarafsızlık equity (adalet); synonyms (n) fairness, honesty, candor, reasonableness, uprightness, justness, probity, right, righteousness, law, (adj) justice, integrity; antonym (n) unfairness. taraftar 1. supporter; synonyms (n) partisan, admirer, ally, backer, follower, friend, patron, sponsor, advocate, believer, benefactor, champion, devotee, disciple, fan; antonyms (n) opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic, 2. fan (hayran, vantilatör, yelpaze); synonyms (n) buff, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, fanatic, lover, supporter, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow, stimulate, ventilate.

tarak drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push.

taramak drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push. tarh bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting.

tarif description (betimleme, tanım); synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation, depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character. tarife 1. tariff; synonyms (n) duty, charge, excise, custom, tax, assessment, price, cost, fee, toll, benevolence, exactment, gavel, levy, octroi, 2. schedule; synonyms (n) list, agenda, catalog, program, calendar, catalogue, inventory, table, roll, index, chart, docket, plan, (v) register, book, 3. timetable; synonyms (n) schedule, card, roster, rota, diary. tarih 1. history; synonyms (n) account, chronicle, story, annals, background, narrative, record, explanation, yesteryear, narration, past, life, (v) tale; antonym (n) present, 2. date; synonyms (n) age, appointment, assignation, engagement, epoch, meeting, period, era, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine, register, accompany. tarihçi historian; synonyms (n) chronicler, historiographer, historier, storier. tarihi 1. historical; synonyms (adj) historic, diachronic, chronological, ancient, genetic, historial, local, narrative, storial, actual, archival, attested, authentic, bygone, chronicled, 2. historic; synonyms (adj) important, momentous, historical, monumental, significant, past, traditional, aged, auspicious, breakthrough, critical, crucial, eventful, innovative, innovatory; antonym (adj) insignificant. tarihsel 1. historical (tarihi); synonyms (adj) historic, diachronic, chronological, ancient, genetic, historial, local, narrative, storial, actual, archival, attested, authentic, bygone, chronicled, 2. historic; synonyms (adj) important, momentous, historical, monumental, significant, past, traditional, aged, auspicious, breakthrough, critical, crucial, eventful, innovative, innovatory; antonym (adj) insignificant.

tarikat order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request. tarım 1. agriculture; synonyms (n) farming, agribusiness, agronomy, husbandry, tillage, geoponics, agriculturism, culture, defense, education, interior, labor, plough, state, terraculture, 2. farming; synonyms (n) agriculture, cultivation, land. tarımsal agricultural; synonyms (adj) agrarian, rural, farming, rustic, undeveloped, unindustrialized, floricultural, gardening, horticultural, ranch. tarla field (alan, saha); synonyms (n) arena, area, battlefield, domain, ground, place, battleground, compass, court, department, discipline, range, realm, section, sphere.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tart pie; synonyms (n) pi, pastry, puff, desert, dividend, picnic, pushover, snap, candy, tartlet, (v) volauvent, (adj) feasible. tartı weight (ağırlık); synonyms (n) load, burden, charge, consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure, significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence, moment, (v) gravity; antonym (n) triviality. tartışma 1. argument; synonyms (n) controversy, debate, matter, proof, reason, hassle, altercation, arguing, brawl, clash, contention, difference, disagreement, discussion, fight; antonyms (n) agreement, harmony, 2. debate; synonyms (n) argue, argumentation, argument, disputation, consideration, (v) contest, dispute, contend, controvert, discuss, canvass, altercate, consider, deliberate, moot; antonym (v) agree, 3. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition, conflict, race, struggle, feud, game, match, action, encounter, (v) battle, compete, combat, challenge, war, 4. breeze; synonyms (n) breath, air, gust, blow, flurry, gale, rumor, wind, zephyr, (v) move, 5. discussion; synonyms (n) conference, conversation, discourse, consultation, dialogue, negotiation, talk, chat, colloquy, dissertation, huddle, meeting, parley, review, speech, 6. controversy; synonyms (n) squabble, row, contestation, quarrel, wrangle, fuss, dissension, issue, question, strife, tilt, variance, difficulty, 7. contention (çekişme); synonyms (n) assertion, discord, allegation, claim, opposition, enmity, affray, emulation, fighting, litigation, rivalry, statement. tartışmak 1. discuss; synonyms (v) argue, debate, agitate, consult, deliberate, canvass, discourse, dispute, mention, moot, negotiate, reason, converse, weigh, controvert, 2. argue; synonyms (v) contend, oppose, quarrel, altercate, assert, attest, contest, convince, declare, discuss, expostulate, fight, indicate, object, (n) question; antonyms (v) agree, deny, 3. debate; synonyms (n) argumentation, contention, argument, controversy, disputation, consideration, difference, disagreement, discussion, palaver, conversation, conference, (v) altercation, consider, cogitate, 4. dispute; synonyms (n) brawl, conflict, wrangle, combat, feud, contestation, (v) row, squabble, contradict, battle, challenge, bicker, clash, differ, disagree; antonym (n) agreement.

tartmak 1. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, degree, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, act, allotment, action, (v) grade, appraise, 2. gauge (ölçü); synonyms (n) caliber, gage, calibre, (v) measure, calculate, assess, compute, fathom, make, reckon, forecast, scale, evaluate, figure, guess, 3. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder,

439

account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance, 4. deliberate; synonyms (adj) careful, calculated, circumspect, slow, thoughtful, conscious, (v) consider, cogitate, consult, debate, think, confer, contemplate, ponder, reflect; antonyms (adj) accidental, chance, unintentional, hasty, ingenuous, involuntary, spontaneous, 5. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, graduation, yardstick, rate, chip, fur, gradation, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend. tarz 1. genre; synonyms (n) class, form, manner, mode, style, type, order, species, kind, sort, 2. mode (kip); synonyms (n) means, fashion, method, way, condition, custom, guise, wise, appearance, approach, fad, modality, process, rage, system, 3. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, craze, (v) construct, contrive, cast, create, make, shape, compose, adjust, adapt, build, design, fit, (adj) character, 4. manner; synonyms (n) bearing, demeanor, air, carriage, look, course, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, expression, practice, category, (v) habit, (adj) description, 5. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) figure, arrange, ceremony, conformation, frame, mould, (v) constitute, establish, carve, do, comprise, devise, generate, mold, acquire, 6. method (yöntem); synonyms (n) arrangement, formula, plan, device, organization, procedure, routine, technique, disposition, direction, measure, resource, channel, mechanism, path; antonym (n) disorder, 7. tone (ses, ton); synonyms (n) note, accent, shade, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, feel, feeling, intonation, pitch, quality, hue, (v) color, 8. way (yol); synonyms (n) passage, road, route, track, pathway, headway, lane, progress, street, trail, run, trend, agency, avenue, distance. tas 1. bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container, hollow, stadium, arena, depression, bowlful, trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle, 2. vessel; synonyms (n) ship, boat, craft, duct, jar, vas, bowl, canal, pan, receptacle, tube, watercraft, bottle, pipe. taş 1. stone; synonyms (n) jewel, rock, calculus, gem, pebble, concretion, gemstone, kernel, bullet, granite, (v) pit, lapidate, pelt, cake, clot, 2. dig (kazmak); synonyms (v) jab, delve, prod, burrow, comprehend, excavate, investigate, probe, apprehend, (n) poke, excavation, gibe, punch, stab, taunt; antonym (n) compliment, 3. rock (kaya); synonyms (n) boulder, pillar, (v) jar, sway, cradle, jolt, shake, toss, waver, quake, pitch, reel, roll, swing, (adj) stone. tasa 1. concern; synonyms (n) business, affair, regard, attention, anxiety, bother, matter, company, apprehension, burden, (v) worry, affect, care,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

440

Turkish - English

interest, trouble; antonym (v) unconcern, 2. preoccupation; synonyms (n) absorption, abstraction, obsession, fixation, distraction, engrossment, preoccupancy, prepossession, reverie, anticipation, compulsion. tasarı 1. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge, arrangement, device, diagram, method, project, schedule, (v) plan, plot, design, intrigue, devise, conspire, contrive, 2. project (proje); synonyms (n) scheme, idea, enterprise, venture, (v) hurl, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, extend, forecast, throw, invent, 3. bill (fatura, gaga, hesap); synonyms (n) account, beak, advertisement, card, invoice, poster, receipt, act, banknote, check, measure, (v) placard, advertise, charge, list, 4. plan (proje); synonyms (n) aim, map, figure, chart, intent, outline, pattern, form, blueprint, intention, (v) intend, arrange, conceive, draft, engineer. tasarım design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance. tasarımcı designer; synonyms (n) architect, couturier, creator, drawer, engineer, inventor, maker, decorator, (v) artist, projector; antonym (adj) off-the-rack. tasarlamak 1. design (proje); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, scheme, conception, drawing, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, (v) plan, conceive, contrive, sketch, construct; antonym (n) chance, 2. contemplate; synonyms (v) consider, cogitate, meditate, muse, speculate, deliberate, look, ponder, reflect, gaze, behold, entertain, intend, mull, reason, 3. intend; synonyms (v) design, destine, mean, determine, contemplate, denote, believe, import, calculate, designate, propose, signify, think, compass, (n) purport, 4. calculate (hesaplamak); synonyms (v) count, estimate, account, add, appraise, cipher, compute, deem, enumerate, forecast, gauge, guess, make, reckon, expect, 5. project (proje); synonyms (n) enterprise, venture, (v) hurl, jut, overhang, protrude, shoot, bulge, cast, devise, extend, throw, invent, hatch, draft, 6. purpose (amaç, maksat, niyet); synonyms (n) mind, effect, end, resolve, motive, determination, function, goal, meaning, objective, cause, decision, (v) intention, project, object, 7. plan (proje); synonyms (n) map, figure, chart, outline, pattern, form, blueprint, method, agenda, (v) plot, arrange, engineer, model, maneuver, concoct. tasarruf 1. economy; synonyms (n) frugality, parsimony, saving, thrift, conservation, efficiency, husbandry, prudence, stinginess, thriftiness, brevity, cut, (adj) system, arrangement, array;

antonym (n) extravagance, 2. saving; synonyms (n) economy, preservation, rescue, deliverance, delivery, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, save, chary, except, excepting, sparing, careful, parsimonious, 3. possession (iyelik); synonyms (n) occupancy, occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, property, tenure, grasp, estate, asset, seizin, seizure, tenancy, colony, (v) acquisition. taşçı mason; synonyms (n) builder, freemason, stonemason, architect, artificer, artist, maker, manufacturer, smith, carpenter. tasdikname certificate; synonyms (n) bond, diploma, certification, credential, credentials, document, license, testimonial, warrant, authentication, deed, docket, bill, (v) certify, sanction. tasfiye 1. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment, arrangement, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, adjustment, agreement, colonization, establishment, liquidation, 2. dissolution; synonyms (n) decay, breakup, decomposition, abolition, cancellation, analysis, dismissal, annulment, death, dissipation, demise, adjournment, departure, disintegration, licentiousness. tashih revision; synonyms (n) alteration, change, modification, amendment, review, revisal, revise, reconsideration, adjustment, rewriting, improvement, rescript, retrospect. taşıl fossil (fosil); synonyms (n) fogey, fogy, dodo, conservative, parent, relic, (adj) flint, obsolete, granite, preglacial, quartz, ancient, marble, old, pebble. taşıma 1. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, coach, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, (v) bearing, 2. bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, appearance, approach, aspect, conduct, direction, respect, aim, comportment, pose, presence, regard, run, way, tack, 3. freight (navlun); synonyms (n) cargo, load, burden, lading, consignment, freightage, shipment, goods, loading, merchandise, payload, weight, (v) carry, ship, lade, 4. transport; synonyms (n) rapture, transportation, (v) transfer, transmit, bear, delight, enrapture, exile, banish, convey, enchant, ferry, ravish, send, take; antonyms (v) disenchant, remain, 5. shipping; synonyms (n) freight, moving, carrying, craft, ecstasy, exaltation, raptus, transferral, vehicle. taşımak 1. bear (ayı); synonyms (v) carry, accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey, 2. carry (nakletmek); synonyms (v) bear, bring, hold, pack, transport, load, admit, adopt, act, capture, cart, channel, contain, deport, ferry, 3. move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) affect,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, disturb, actuate, (n) motion, drive, transfer, advance; antonym (v) stay, 4. wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, break, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh, 5. transport; synonyms (n) rapture, transportation, conveyance, (v) transmit, delight, enrapture, exile, banish, enchant, ravish, send, entrance, fetch, run, haul; antonyms (v) disenchant, remain, 6. convey; synonyms (v) communicate, express, impart, mean, cause, cede, consign, deliver, grant, pass, recount, say, show, supply, articulate, 7. sustain; synonyms (v) support, keep, continue, maintain, preserve, suffer, have, prop, relieve, help, strengthen, affirm, assist, back, bolster, 8. receive (almak, kabul etmek); synonyms (v) get, obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather, greet, hear, earn, own, realize, derive, entertain, include. taşınabilir portable; synonyms (adj) mobile, movable, portative, light, convenient, manageable, pocket, carriageable, cartable, compact, haulable, itinerant, lightweight, supportable, wieldy; antonym (adj) fixed. taşınmak move (hareket); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay. taşıt vehicle; synonyms (n) medium, instrument, means, automobile, channel, transport, carrier, transportation, agent, car, intermedium, intervention, mediation, platform. taşıyıcı carrier; synonyms (n) bearer, messenger, courier, mailman, porter, postman, vehicle, transport, envoy, bag, channel, container, emissary, newsboy, solvent. taşkın flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage, (v) trickle. taslak 1. draft; synonyms (n) bill, conscription, sketch, check, drawing, (v) draught, outline, design, blueprint, compose, enlist, plan, recruit, chart, delineate; antonym (v) discharge, 2. sketch (skeç); synonyms (n) scheme, cartoon, project, plot, description, delineation, (v) paint, draft, draw, picture, depict, describe, frame, adumbrate, copy, 3. outline (özet); synonyms (n) edge, abstract, contour, digest, figure, synopsis, brief, profile, appearance, adumbration, bound, boundary, (v) line, form, border, 4. design (proje, tasarlamak); synonyms (n) aim, purpose, conception, arrangement, device, idea, intent, contrivance, intention, (v) conceive, contrive, construct, arrange, contemplate, intend; antonym

441

(n) chance,

5. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, indelicate, (n) boisterous; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 6. study; synonyms (n) survey, consideration, investigation, learning, meditation, (v) consider, examine, review, learn, research, analyze, inquire, investigate, meditate, ponder, 7. plan (proje); synonyms (n) map, pattern, invent, method, agenda, diagram, forecast, (v) devise, engineer, mean, model, hatch, maneuver, concoct, fix. taslamak affect; synonyms (v) touch, move, act, fake, feign, impress, pretend, strike, concern, dispose, dissemble, hit, influence, involve, lead. taşlamak stone (taş); synonyms (n) jewel, rock, calculus, gem, pebble, concretion, gemstone, kernel, bullet, granite, (v) pit, lapidate, pelt, cake, clot. tasma collar (yaka); synonyms (n) arrest, choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch, apprehend, capture, clutch, grab, nail, cop, get, grasp. taşmak 1. flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage, (v) trickle, 2. flow (akış, akmak); synonyms (n) flood, current, discharge, abound, (v) course, flux, jet, run, surge, float, emanate, fall, seep, well, ooze. tasnif classification; synonyms (n) arrangement, categorization, class, grading, assortment, categorisation, category, order, rank, analysis, breakdown, classifying, method, disposition, section; antonym (n) declassification. taşra country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place, realm, region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban. taşralı provincial; synonyms (adj) local, country, insular, parochial, unsophisticated, narrow, rural, (n) bucolic, peasant, rustic, churl; antonym (adj) cosmopolitan. tasvip approval (onay, onaylama); synonyms (n) acceptance, applause, approbation, acclaim, agreement, recognition, admiration, acclamation, acknowledgment, acquiescence, appreciation, commendation, confirmation, consent, permission; antonyms (n) disapproval, rejection, condemnation, scorn, criticism. tasvir 1. description (betimleme, tanım); synonyms (n) account, type, brand, delineation, depiction, explanation, kind, picture, definition, narration, portrayal, recital, report, (adj) class, character, 2. picture (görüntü, resim, tablo); synonyms (n) photograph, effigy, paint, drawing,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

442

Turkish - English

likeness, description, (v) image, describe, draw, depict, fancy, imagine, copy, envision, figure. tat 1. flavour (tat vermek); synonyms (n) aroma, savor, smell, feel, feeling, relish, sapidity, savour, smack, tang, taste, tone, (v) flavor, season, 2. taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto, mouthful, predilection, preference, refinement, (v) sample, discernment; antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness, 3. salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, rhino, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, (v) cure, pickle, embalm.

tatbikat 1. operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job, 2. practice; synonyms (n) exercise, fashion, convention, discipline, experience, habit, form, observance, application, employment, process, (v) custom, drill, use, apply. Taþý move (hareket, taşınmak); synonyms (v) act, affect, carry, excite, go, impel, instigate, maneuver, touch, travel, flow, bear, (n) motion, drive, transfer; antonym (v) stay. tatil holiday; synonyms (n) feast, festival, sabbath, break, leisure, recess, rest, stay, (v) vacation, fete, (adj) festive. tatlı 1. sweet; synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty, 2. soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp, balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong, 3. gentle; synonyms (adj) calm, friendly, soft, affable, kind, mild, tame, amiable, benign, bland, compassionate, docile, fine, fond, (n) benevolent; antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, violent, abrupt, hardhearted, heavy, sarcastic, sheer, steep, 4. pleasant (hoş); synonyms (adj) bright, acceptable, agreeable, jolly, kindly, nice, facetious, attractive, cheerful, clear, comfortable, congenial, enjoyable, fair, genial; antonyms (adj) unpleasant, disagreeable, disgusting, foul, gruesome, horrible, nasty, repugnant, shocking, terrible, unwelcome, appalling, frosty, grisly. tatlım 1. honey (bal); synonyms (n) darling, dear, beloved, love, sweetheart, dearest, duck, baby, molasses, sugar, flame, (v) sweeten, 2. sugar (şeker); synonyms (n) honey, carbohydrate, saccharide, (v) saccharify. tatmak 1. taste; synonyms (n) bit, flavor, liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, gusto, (v) relish, savor, sample, smack, discernment;

antonyms (n) dislike, tastelessness, 2. experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 3. sample (örnek); synonyms (n) example, instance, specimen, model, pattern, assay, case, illustration, exemplar, design, (v) taste, try, attempt, essay, (adj) test. tatmin 1. satisfaction; synonyms (n) pleasure, amends, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, atonement, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent, 2. content (içerik); synonyms (n) capacity, matter, meaning, subject, substance, contentedness, happiness, (adj) contented, happy, fulfilled, (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice, gratify; antonyms (adj) tormented, unhappy, discontented, dissatisfied, rebellious, (v) upset. tatsız 1. unpleasant; synonyms (adj) disagreeable, harsh, nasty, obnoxious, offensive, ugly, sour, awkward, bad, forbidding, repulsive, hard, rude, abhorrent, bitter; antonyms (adj) pleasant, agreeable, delightful, attractive, comfortable, enjoyable, nice, wonderful, charming, 2. flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy, 3. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, surly, evil, atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque, horrible, monstrous, ominous, shocking, sinister; antonyms (adj) beautiful, good-looking, flowing, ornamental. tava pan; synonyms (n) dish, knock, rap, panning, plate, platter, porringer, pot, saucer, calabash, hardpan, (v) slam, criticize, review. tavan ceiling; synonyms (n) cap, limit, maximum, limitation, roof, top, thatch, tile, cover, bounds, restraint, capital, check, constraint, control; antonym (n) ground. tavır 1. attitude (davranış, tutum); synonyms (n) position, aspect, posture, behavior, mind, notion, air, approach, bearing, disposition, mentality, mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. tone (ses, ton); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, shade, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, feel, feeling, intonation, look, (v) color, 3. behaviour; synonyms (n) conduct, demeanor, demeanour, deportment, doings, 4. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, conveyance, coach, gait, mien, port, walk, carrying, equipage, pose, presence, rig, stance, (v) pace, 5. manner; synonyms (n) appearance, form, method, carriage, custom, style, way, course, expression, guise, practice, (v) fashion,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English habit, (adj) kind, description, 6. air (hava, havalandırmak); synonyms (n) tune, atmosphere, melody, strain, face, breeze, cast, (v) ventilate, broadcast, show, transmit, vent, weather, aerate, beam. taviz concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent. tavşan rabbit; synonyms (n) coney, cony, hare, lapin, shuttle, coward, bacterium, das, dassie, delinquent, hyrax, pika, (adj) warren. tavsiye 1. tip; synonyms (n) top, hint, peak, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, 2. advice (öğüt); synonyms (n) admonition, caution, counsel, warning, exhortation, instruction, intelligence, monition, notice, report, tidings, advisement, announcement, communication, direction, 3.

counsel (avukat, öğüt, öğüt vermek); synonyms (n) advocate, attorney, consultation, counselor, guidance, recommendation, (v) advice, advise, consult, admonish, confer, exhort, urge, warn, direct, 4. recommendation; synonyms (n) praise, commendation, suggestion, advocacy, reference, approval, proposal, endorsement, testimonial. tavuk chicken (piliç); synonyms (n) chick, cock, coward, fowl, hen, crybaby, nestling, poultry, weakling, wimp, (adj) yellow, chickenhearted. tayf spectrum; synonyms (n) range, gamut, rainbow, tulip, phantom, scale, (v) anamorphosis, distortion, illusion, refraction. tayfa crew; synonyms (n) company, cluster, band, bunch, gang, party, assemblage, crowd, faction, group, set, side, team, assembly, association. tayin appointment (atama, randevu); synonyms (n) assignment, date, designation, engagement, fitting, post, rendezvous, berth, conference, election, assignation, commission, encounter, job, meeting. tayyare aeroplane (uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, plane, airship, sheet. taze 1. fresh; synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, novel, bright, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 2. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, fresh, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy; antonyms (adj) mild, cold, freezing, bland, 3. new (yeni); synonyms (adj) modern, additional, inexperienced, innovative, raw, strange, unaccustomed, unprecedented, young, contemporary, current, different,

443

newfangled, (adv) lately, freshly; antonyms (adj) familiar, outgoing, second-hand, traditional, used, less, old-fashioned, (adv) past, 4. raw (ham); synonyms (adj) crude, immature, bleak, coarse, cutting, piercing, sore, biting, inclement, naked, keen, callow, bitter, gross, natural; antonyms (adj) refined, cooked, 5. young (genç, yavru); synonyms (adj) juvenile, adolescent, baby, boyish, childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, childlike, infantile, (n) offspring, progeny, issue, child; antonyms (adj) mature, adult, (n) aged, 6. youthful (genç); synonyms (adj) vernal, beardless, 7. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, lovely, mellow, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, discordant, acidic, sharp, salty. tazelik youth (genç, gençlik); synonyms (n) boy, juvenile, lad, young, youngster, adolescence, kid, juvenility, puberty, stripling, younker, child, puppy, infancy, (adj) adolescent; antonyms (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness. tazmin 1. compensation; synonyms (n) amends, recompense, allowance, indemnification, reward, price, atonement, emolument, fee, pay, redress, refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage, 2. satisfaction (tatmin); synonyms (n) pleasure, complacency, content, enjoyment, joy, reparation, compensation, delight, discharge, ease, expiation, fulfillment, happiness, (v) contentment, gratification; antonyms (n) dissatisfaction, displeasure, aggravation, discontent. tazminat 1. indemnity; synonyms (n) amends, compensation, damages, indemnification, pay, redress, reparation, restitution, excuse, exoneration, insurance, quittance, recompense, release, security, 2. damages; synonyms (n) indemnity, reimbursement, 3. compensation; synonyms (n) allowance, reward, price, atonement, emolument, fee, refund, remuneration, return, salary, satisfaction, settlement, bonus, consideration, (v) wage. tazyik 1. pressure (basınç); synonyms (n) force, compulsion, constraint, duress, exigency, influence, insistence, load, pinch, urge, weight, emergency, (v) drive, press, coerce; antonym (n) persuasion, 2. compression (sıkıştırma); synonyms (n) compaction, condensation, pressure, compressing, concentration, consolidation, contraction, squeezing, concretion. tebeşir chalk; synonyms (n) score, trace, clod, clot, gravel, mold, subsoil, clay, cledge, (v) mark, pastel, whiten, charcoal, (adj) ivory, lily. tebliğ service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

444

Turkish - English

tebrikler congratulations; synonyms (n) compliment, kudos, praise, compliments, hail, (int) bravo, hooray. tecavüz assault (hücum); synonyms (n) attack, aggression, rush, violence, charge, onset, raid, rape, thrust, battery, offensive, (v) assail, storm, invade, violate; antonyms (n) defense, (v) defend. teçhizat 1. fittings; synonyms (n) furniture, equipment, fixtures, harness, furnishings, hardware, trappings, linings, stuff, 2. equipment (donatım); synonyms (n) material, apparatus, facility, gear, outfit, apparel, accoutrements, baggage, goods, belongings, device, kit, system, things, 3. outfit; synonyms (n) dress, garb, clothing, company, costume, ensemble, rig, pack, clothes, group, (v) attire, equip, fit, furnish, clothe. tecim commerce (ticaret); synonyms (n) business, exchange, connection, dealings, intercourse, association, barter, communication, conversation, traffic, interchange, (v) trade, affair. tecrit isolation; synonyms (n) alienation, estrangement, insulation, privacy, dissociation, loneliness, seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation, segregation, separation, disaffection; antonyms (n) closeness, companionship. tecrübe 1. experience (deneyim); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, live, meet, receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience, 2. tentative (geçici); synonyms (adj) doubtful, experimental, provisional, probationary, trial, exploratory, shy, cautious, conditional, hesitant, indecisive, indefinite, provisionary, undecided; antonyms (adj) definite, sure. tecrübeli experienced; synonyms (adj) accomplished, capable, educated, competent, expert, knowledgeable, old, practiced, proficient, skillful, sophisticated, trained, able, conversant, informed; antonyms (adj) inexperienced, naive, immature. tecrübesiz inexperienced; synonyms (adj) immature, naive, young, callow, raw, ignorant, new, unsophisticated, unexperienced, clumsy, strange, amateurish, awkward, inexpert, (v) green; antonyms (adj) experienced, trained, skilled, sophisticated. tedarik 1. supply (tedarik etmek); synonyms (n) provision, hoard, (v) furnish, stock, afford, fill, store, feed, offer, provide, cater, contribute, deliver, equip, give, 2. provision (hüküm); synonyms (n) arrangement, condition, clause, proviso, article, board, requirement, stipulation, maintenance, planning, prerequisite, disposal, food, (v) preparation, supply; antonym (n) lack. tedavi 1. treatment; synonyms (n) cure, conduct, handling, management, manipulation, therapy, medication, remedy, reception, attention, medicine, method, usage, (v) behavior, treat, 2. cure;

synonyms (n) antidote, salve, curative, curing, healing, treatment, restorative, aid, (v) correct, help, heal, pickle, preserve, restore, keep, 3. therapy; synonyms (n) analysis, answer, care, mixture, preparation, solution, psychoanalysis, tonic. tedavül circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing. tedbir 1. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gait, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, move, stride, (v) pace, proceeding, 2. measure (ölçmek, ölçü, önlem); synonyms (n) amount, criterion, extent, beat, benchmark, estimate, measurement, meter, quantity, allotment, action, bill, (v) grade, appraise, assess, 3. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection, counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 4. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, switch, conversion, spell, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate. tedbirli 1. advised; synonyms (v) designed, determinate, express, (adj) intentional, considered, studied, deliberate, premeditated, intended, 2. cautious; synonyms (adj) careful, conservative, guarded, prudent, watchful, attentive, cagey, chary, circumspect, discreet, judicious, provident, reserved, shy, thoughtful; antonyms (adj) rash, reckless, careless, impetuous, impulsive, open, incautious, irresponsible, wasteful, 3. wary; synonyms (adj) cautious, vigilant, suspicious, alert, leery, distrustful, wakeful, heedful, mistrustful, safe, mindful, scrupulous, aware, (v) calculating, crafty; antonyms (adj) unwary, trusting. tedirgin uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned, nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive, solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj) calm. teessüf regret; synonyms (v) bewail, grieve, bemoan, deplore, lament, mourn, sorrow, repent, (n) grief, compunction, contrition, penitence, remorse, repentance, disappointment. tefrika serial; synonyms (adj) sequential, consecutive, recurrent, sequent, successive, regular, nonparallel, (n) periodical, series. tefsir interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version, construction, explanation, exposition, clarification, commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting, translation, analysis, description, performance, reading, understanding.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English teftiş 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) audit, check, exam, search, test, consideration, exploration, inquiry, investigation, study, survey, testing, contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2. investigation (araştırma); synonyms (n) examination, research, inquest, inspection, scrutiny, review, investigating, trial, interrogation, hunt, experiment, inquire, inquisition, probe, quest, 3. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n) surveillance, observation, oversight, sight, supervision, view, watch, look, reconnaissance, superintendence, dissection, face, scouting, (v) inspect, aspect. tehdit threat; synonyms (n) menace, danger, hazard, peril, risk, coercion, jeopardy, omen, scourge, terror, warning; antonym (n) safety. tehlike 1. hazard; synonyms (n) chance, risk, venture, danger, peril, fortune, jeopardy, bet, accident, (v) endanger, adventure, gamble, wager, dare, stake; antonym (n) safety, 2. danger; synonyms (n) hazard, threat, trouble, precariousness, slipperiness, difficulty, insecurity, exposure, hardship; antonym (n) security, 3. threat; synonyms (n) menace, coercion, omen, scourge, terror, warning, 4. risk (risk); synonyms (n) possibility, speculation, assay, attempt, charge, deposit, essay, luck, (v) imperil, jeopardize, expose, jeopard, try, endeavor, lay; antonym (v) protect, 5. distress (acı); synonyms (n) agony, anguish, pain, anxiety, calamity, grief, hurt, torture, (v) afflict, torment, concern, bother, upset, worry, discomfort; antonyms (v) comfort, please. tehlikeli 1. dangerous; synonyms (adj) critical, grave, serious, severe, adventurous, unhealthy, chancy, dicey, hazardous, hurtful, perilous, precarious, threatening, unsafe, poisonous; antonyms (adj) safe, secure, stable, 2. hazardous; synonyms (adj) dangerous, risky, insecure, uncertain, awkward, explosive, treacherous, venturesome, venturous, (n) daring, 3. critical (kritik); synonyms (adj) acute, decisive, delicate, important, pressing, ticklish, urgent, vital, crucial, fastidious, imperative, minute, momentous, particular, (v) censorious; antonyms (adj) complimentary, trivial, positive, flattering, insignificant, approving, unimportant, 4. serious (ağır, ciddi); synonyms (adj) heavy, sedate, austere, great, hard, considerable, earnest, grievous, sad, sober, bad, big, deep, major, solemn; antonyms (adj) frivolous, lighthearted, cheerful, flippant, humorous, mild, minor, playful, slight, 5. risky; synonyms (adj) dodgy, audacious, harmful, reckless, speculative, tricky. tehlikesiz safe; synonyms (adj) secure, reliable, cautious, dependable, good, harmless, innocuous, sound, correct, innocent, inoffensive, certain, stable, (n) closet, coffer; antonyms (adj) dangerous, unsafe,

445

hurt, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, harmful, insecure, reckless. tek 1. single; synonyms (adj) only, celibate, one, odd, particular, distinct, individual, isolated, lone, lonely, separate, simple, sole, solitary, exclusive; antonyms (adj) married, double, multiple, 2. unique (benzersiz); synonyms (adj) singular, extraordinary, alone, peculiar, distinctive, exceptional, incomparable, inimitable, matchless, rare, special, unequaled, unparalleled, unusual, single; antonyms (adj) common, ordinary, recurring, 3. odd; synonyms (adj) grotesque, funny, abnormal, curious, droll, eccentric, strange, chance, novel, anomalous, bizarre, fantastic, irregular, queer, laughable; antonyms (adj) normal, even, typical, 4. individual (birey, bireysel); synonyms (adj) different, certain, characteristic, especial, independent, own, (n) human, creature, fellow, man, mortal, person, homo, being, body; antonyms (adj) joint, combined, communal, general, vague, (n) collective, 5. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) but, exclusively, just, merely, barely, entirely, simply, however, solely, hardly, exactly, nevertheless, absolutely, purely, (adj) all, 6. one (bir); synonyms (pron) any, (n) anybody, somebody, ace, anyone, unit, unity, (adv) once, (adj) unique, some, united, ane, 7. exclusive; synonyms (adj) private, choice, select, undivided, chic, elite, personal, classy, expensive, restricted, snobbish, superior, posh, smart, (n) scoop; antonym (adj) inclusive, 8. uneven; synonyms (adj) rough, unequal, jagged, erratic, patchy, rugged, spotty, disproportionate, ragged, craggy, crooked, unbalanced, variable, (v) broken, (n) harsh; antonyms (adj) smooth, straight, equal, symmetrical, 9. sole; synonyms (adj) unmarried, (n) bottom, base, flounder, shoe, foot, plaice, nadir, (v) resole. tekdüze uniform (üniforma); synonyms (adj) regular, even, constant, steady, equal, consistent, same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level, unchanging, fixed, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal. tekel monopoly; synonyms (n) impropriation, limitation, retention, business, cartel, industry, influence, organization, protection, restriction, ring, stranglehold, throttlehold, trust, consortium. Teker wheel (çark, tekerlek); synonyms (n) circle, cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, (v) roll, revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle, gyrate, rotate, twirl. tekerlek wheel (çark, Teker); synonyms (n) circle, cycle, bicycle, gear, handwheel, rack, (v) roll, revolve, turn, bike, spin, trundle, gyrate, rotate, twirl. tekerrür recurrence; synonyms (n) iteration, repetition, return, frequency, comeback,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

446

Turkish - English

reappearance, reiteration, relapse, harping; antonym (n) disappearance. teklif 1. offering; synonyms (v) gift, grant, favor, benefaction, boon, (n) contribution, donation, oblation, offer, present, presentation, endowment, bestowal, gratuity, reward, 2. proposal; synonyms (n) motion, advice, proposition, suggestion, overture, plan, proffer, hypothesis, bid, design, idea, view, question, advocacy, contemplation, 3. resolution; synonyms (n) decision, determination, answer, conclusion, firmness, purpose, resolve, solution, decomposition, analysis, constancy, dissolution, fortitude, perseverance, resoluteness; antonym (n) indecisiveness, 4. offer; synonyms (v) give, bestow, put, advance, extend, impart, introduce, perform, propose, tender, lay, dedicate, (n) proposal, go, approach; antonyms (v) withdraw, refuse, 5. bid (davet etmek); synonyms (n) attempt, appeal, (v) ask, call, command, invite, adjure, beseech, charge, direct, instruct, order, summon, tell, allure, 6. suggestion (öneri); synonyms (n) hint, intimation, allusion, counsel, dash, recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue, implication, indication, inkling, insinuation, prompting, 7. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, delicate, fond, gentle, mild, frail, caring, immature, kind; antonyms (adj) tough, hard, hardhearted, rubbery, rough, 8. proposition (önerme); synonyms (n) assertion, premise, position, principle, scheme, axiom, lemma, allegation, device, application, law, doctrine, measure, (v) suggest, accost. teklifsiz 1. informal; synonyms (adj) colloquial, familiar, casual, easy, free, cozy, unofficial, chatty, cosy, homely, wanton, comfortable, conversational, everyday, intimate; antonyms (adj) formal, authorized, official, 2. free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage, 3. familiar; synonyms (adj) close, common, conversant, customary, commonplace, ordinary, usual, acquainted, chummy, (n) accustomed, companion, comrade, habitual, associate, (v) confidential; antonyms (adj) unfamiliar, foreign, strange, new, unaccustomed, ignorant, unknown. tekme 1. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill, 2. kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, excitement, flush, hit, complaint, (v) boot, grumble, recoil, spurn, protest, complain, whine, inveigh.

tekmelemek 1. boot; synonyms (n) kick, trunk, bang, charge, gain, kicking, shoe, belt, body, thrill, 2. kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, excitement, flush, hit, complaint, (v) boot, grumble, recoil, spurn, protest, complain, whine, inveigh. tekne 1. boat (sandal); synonyms (n) yacht, scull, craft, dinghy, ship, vessel, vehicle, shallop, schooner, sailboat, bateau, bowl, sauceboat, truck, (v) cruise, 2. vessel; synonyms (n) boat, container, duct, jar, vas, canal, pan, receptacle, basin, tube, watercraft, bottle, pipe, 3. hull; synonyms (n) crust, shell, hulk, husk, structure, body, glume, (v) skin, (adj) torso, trunk, bole, 4. bottom (alt, dip, kıç); synonyms (n) base, basis, backside, bed, behind, foot, footing, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, floor, foundation; antonyms (n) top, pinnacle, (adj) highest, 5. vat; synonyms (n) tub, barrel, cask, tun, drum, 6. ship (gemi); synonyms (n) ferry, bottom, (v) dispatch, send, forward, transport, consign, carry, embark, move, transfer, post, charge, mail, convey. teknik 1. technical; synonyms (adj) technological, industrial, shipshape, technic, complex, mysterious, obscure, perplexing, profound, puzzling, rarefied, technicological, mechanical, scholarly, abstruse, 2. technique; synonyms (n) approach, means, method, skill, fashion, procedure, process, system, knack, style, manner, way, proficiency. teknisyen operator (operatör); synonyms (n) driver, hustler, manipulator, agent, doer, speculator, actor, employee, clerk, businessperson, captain, financier, floozie, floozy, hooker. teknoloji technology; synonyms (n) engineering, apparatus, competence, equipment, experience, expertise, gear, knowledge, machinery, machines, proficiency, savvy, tackle, technicology, (adj) technicality. teknolojik technological; synonyms (adj) technical, technologic, technicological, industrial, mechanical.

tekrar 1. again (bir daha, gene, yeniden, yine); synonyms (adv) afresh, more, anew, encore, repeatedly, then, also, further, often, 2. over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, by, o'er, on, too, crosswise, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past, 3. repetition; synonyms (n) repeat, gemination, iteration, recurrence, reiteration, replication, duplication, reduplication, rehearsal, repeating, return, echo, reappearance, recital, doubling. tekrarlama 1. repetition; synonyms (n) repeat, gemination, iteration, recurrence, reiteration, replication, duplication, reduplication, rehearsal, repeating, return, echo, reappearance, recital, doubling, 2. repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek); synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse, reiterate, double, duplicate, iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite, multiply.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tekrarlamak 1. repeat (yinelemek); synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate, iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite, 2. say (demek, söylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare, voice. tekst text (metin); synonyms (n) copy, matter, script, theme, subject, words, document, book, textbook, topic, argument, contents, letterpress, manual, passage. tekstil textile; synonyms (n) material, cloth, fabric, stuff, tapestry, drapery. tekzip denial; synonyms (n) negation, abnegation, renunciation, repulse, no, abjuration, contradiction, negative, refusal, rejection, forswearing, nay, abandonment, rebuff, rebuttal; antonyms (n) acceptance, affirmation, declaration, admission, confession. tel 1. wire; synonyms (n) cable, telegram, line, rope, cord, string, thread, flex, guy, halser, hawser, marconigram, moorings, (v) telegraph, electrify, 2. string (dizi, ip, sicim); synonyms (n) chain, file, row, strand, twine, range, filament, rank, series, tie, sequence, fiber, procession, train, (v) run, 3. thread (iplik); synonyms (n) yarn, wire, plot, ribbon, (v) penetrate, lace, pass, meander, permeate, thrid, (adj) reed, 4. chord; synonyms (n) harmony, curve, flange, enticement, (v) accord, harmonise, harmonize, agree, consort, reconcile, (adj) subtense, 5. fibre; synonyms (n) character, case, eccentric, grapheme, lineament, part, persona, reference, role, shred, toughness, type, 6. strand; synonyms (n) coast, shore, bank, wisp, fibril, scar, (v) beach, maroon, desert, abandon. telaffuz pronunciation; synonyms (n) diction, accent, articulation, elocution, enunciation, delivery, speech, inflection, pronounce, declaration, pronouncement, delay, dialect, prolation, brogue. telafi compensation; synonyms (n) amends, recompense, allowance, indemnification, reward, price, atonement, emolument, fee, pay, redress, refund, reimbursement, remuneration, (v) wage. telaş 1. hurry; synonyms (n) speed, haste, dispatch, flurry, (v) bustle, hasten, accelerate, dash, expedite, scurry, fly, run, rush, zip, hie; antonyms (n) slowness, (v) dawdle, 2. fever; synonyms (n) delirium, feverishness, frenzy, heat, pyrexia, febricity, excitement, restlessness, craze, enthusiasm, pain, rage, disease, fury, lather, 3. excitement; synonyms (n) commotion, emotion, agitation, animation, disturbance, eagerness, elation, taking, effervescence, excitation, exhilaration, kick, thrill, tumult, passion; antonyms (n) tedium, dullness, boredom, tediousness, 4. stir;

447

synonyms (v) arouse, budge, move, rouse, affect, agitate, excite, inspire, go, cause, foment, shift, (n) movement, fuss, riot, 5. rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) gush, race, dart, stream, quicken, jet, flush, hurtle, (adj) burst, spurt. telaşlı hurried; synonyms (adj) hasty, fast, headlong, quick, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift, abrupt, cursory, careless, precipitate, prompt, rash, slapdash; antonyms (adj) slow, unhurried, leisurely. telefon 1. telephone; synonyms (n) telephony, earpiece, (v) call, phone, ring, telegraph, 2. phone (telefon etmek); synonyms (n) earphone, headphone, receiver, handset, sound, (v) telephone. televizyon 1. television; synonyms (n) tube, telly, video, telecasting, box, display, films, monitor, picture, radio, screen, theater, audio, babysitter, eye, 2. box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v) unbox, 3. telly; synonym (n) television. telgraf 1. telegraph; synonyms (n) telegram, telegraphy, (v) cable, wire, broadcast, electrify, forecast, foreshadow, forewarn, 2. wire (tel); synonyms (n) line, rope, cord, string, thread, flex, guy, halser, hawser, marconigram, moorings, painter, report, ribbon, (v) telegraph, 3. cable (kablo); synonyms (n) cablegram, twine. telkin suggestion (öneri); synonyms (n) hint, advice, intimation, proposal, allusion, counsel, dash, proposition, recommendation, sign, touch, trace, clue, implication, indication. telsiz radio (radyo); synonyms (n) wireless, broadcasting, radiotelegram, radiocommunication, tuner, television, (v) broadcast, transmit, notify, report. telve sediment; synonyms (n) deposit, deposition, lees, dregs, grounds, substance, filth, refuse, residue, settling. tema theme; synonyms (n) matter, motif, subject, base, composition, question, stem, substance, text, motive, business, paper, topic, idea, basis. temas 1. contact; synonyms (n) touch, connection, collision, communication, link, impact, tangency, acquaintance, (v) call, meet, adjoin, communicate, reach, butt, join, 2. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, interest. tembel lazy; synonyms (adj) indolent, idle, inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, dull, faineant, remiss, slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard, tardy; antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active. tembih warning (ihtar, uyarı); synonyms (n) notice, advice, caution, indication, example, lesson, admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

448

Turkish - English

counsel, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging. temdit continuation (devam); synonyms (n) continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance, elongation, postscript, duration, extension, supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end. temel 1. basic; synonyms (adj) first, cardinal, initial, primary, primordial, basal, base, bottom, central, fundamental, introductory, key, necessary, plain, (n) essential; antonyms (adj) secondary, complex, extra, minor, 2. base (alçak, baz, taban, üs); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, infamous, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 3. elementary; synonyms (adj) basic, primitive, simple, easy, elemental, original, rudimentary, preliminary, artless, straightforward, underlying, 4. foundation; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, foot, institution, principle, cause, cornerstone, footing, origin, support, nucleus, beginning, fundament, grounds, groundwork, 5. fundamental; synonyms (adj) chief, crucial, elementary, important, indispensable, inherent, main, significant, vital, core, intrinsic, major, material, native, (n) root, 6. basis; synonyms (n) gist, bed, derivation, justification, reason, motive, essence, argument, background, explanation, grounding, heart, keystone, rationale, source, 7. main (ana); synonyms (adj) grand, great, head, leading, principal, capital, paramount, prominent, uppermost, dominant, master, (n) ocean, sea, conduit, channel; antonyms (adj) auxiliary, supplementary, 8. bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, berth, flowerbed, crib, sack, rest, pallet, understructure, setting, course, seam, seat, (v) embed, hump, 9. bottom (alt, dip, kıç); synonyms (n) backside, behind, back, arse, ass, bum, butt, buttocks, craft, floor, posterior, rear, valley, depth, anus; antonyms (n) pinnacle, (adj) highest, 10. ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n) land, dirt, field, soil, account, country, area, occasion, region, terrain, (v) establish, fix, build, undercoat, (adj) crushed; antonym (n) ceiling, 11. principal (ana); synonyms (adj) foremost, prime, big, overriding, predominant, staple, supreme, best, (n) leader, manager, corpus, general, lead, boss, director. temerrüt default; synonyms (n) deficit, delinquency, omission, oversight, fault, lack, neglect, nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches; antonym (n) payment. teminat 1. security (güvenlik); synonyms (n) pledge, protection, safety, hostage, insurance, collateral, guard, secureness, strength, peace, assurance, bail, cover, defense, (v) bond; antonym (n) danger, 2. guarantee (garanti); synonyms (n)

assure, guaranty, warranty, warrant, deposit, security, (v) certify, promise, engage, endorse, ensure, secure, sponsor, undertake, contract. temiz 1. clean (saf, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute,

2. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 3. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, novel, original, recent, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, green, smart, sweet, (adv) new; antonyms (adj) old, stale, decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 4. pure (arı, saf); synonyms (adj) just, genuine, natural, artless, faultless, fresh, good, guileless, immaculate, innocent, mere, perfect, virtuous, devout, authentic; antonyms (adj) impure, contaminated, diluted, dishonored, wicked, 5. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, candid, comely, considerable, decent, disinterested, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 6. tidy; synonyms (adj) neat, trim, spruce, natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape, goodish, methodical, sizable, (v) arrange, straighten, groom, neaten, order; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted.

Temizle clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz, temizlemek); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent, distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, clarify, definite, discharge; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict. temizleme clearance; synonyms (n) clearing, clearage, disposal, headroom, settlement, acquittance, authorization, license, permit, room, acquittal; antonyms (n) blockage, retention. temizlemek 1. clean (saf, temiz); synonyms (adj) clear, fair, antiseptic, blank, pure, chaste, adroit, tidy, unblemished, (v) brush, cleanse, bathe, clarify, disinfect, sweep; antonyms (adj) filthy, unclean, muddy, unhygienic, full, syrupy, tainted, unwholesome, (v) dirty, soil, contaminate, pollute,

2. clear (açık, belirgin, berrak, temiz); synonyms (adj) clean, certain, open, apparent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English distinct, empty, (v) bright, acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, definite, discharge, exculpate; antonyms (adj) cloudy, opaque, unclear, dark, fuzzy, hazy, incomprehensible, obscure, uncertain, vague, ambiguous, blurry, confused, confusing, (v) convict, 3. do (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) act, cheat, commit, accomplish, complete, conduct, perform, achieve, make, practice, defraud, answer, arrange, (n) function, occasion; antonyms (v) neglect, unmake. temizleyici cleaner; synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter, custodian, donkeyman. temizlik purity (arılık, saflık); synonyms (n) innocence, holiness, cleanness, clearness, honor, virtue, perfection, chastity, pureness, sanctity, elegance, integrity, blamelessness, clarity, simplicity; antonyms (n) coarseness, guilt. temizlikçi cleaner; synonyms (n) cleanser, lifter, custodian, donkeyman. tempo beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose. temsil 1. representation; synonyms (n) image, performance, depiction, picture, presentation, effigy, diagram, portrait, model, copy, description, emblem, illustration, likeness, appearance, 2. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, expose, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n) display, exhibit, produce, ostentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. temsilci 1. representative; synonyms (adj) characteristic, typical, model, (n) agent, delegate, deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador, emissary, instance, member, substitute, congressman, (v) represent, 2. agent (acenta, ajan); synonyms (n) agency, broker, medium, factor, instrument, mediator, attorney, channel, doer, intermediary, means, procurator, surrogate, spy, (v) actor. temsilcilik representation (temsil); synonyms (n) image, performance, depiction, picture, presentation, effigy, diagram, portrait, model, copy, description, emblem, illustration, likeness, appearance. temyiz appeal; synonyms (n) plea, address, application, attraction, demand, entreaty, lure, (v) charm, request, sue, ask, attract, beseech, implore, interest; antonyms (n) unpleasantness, (v) repel. ten skin (cilt, deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay. teneffüs recreation; synonyms (n) amusement, entertainment, distraction, pastime, play, diversion, merriment, fun, game, leisure, relaxation, sport, pleasure, break, refreshment.

449

teneke tin (kalay); synonyms (n) can, canister, container, rhino, dust, blunt, cannister, mopus, mould, (v) pot, preserve, cure, bottle, embalm, kyanize. tenis tennis; synonym (n) cricket. tenkit criticism; synonyms (n) critique, commentary, blame, review, animadversion, attack, censure, comment, denunciation, disapproval, knock, rebuke, stricture, complaint, objection; antonyms (n) praise, approval, admiration, compliment. tente canopy; synonyms (n) awning, cover, screen, shade, ceiling, pavilion, blind, bubble, shield, visor. teori theory (kuram); synonyms (n) supposition, assumption, conjecture, guess, hypothesis, speculation, idea, opinion, surmise, belief, presumption, thought, concept, postulation, postulate; antonym (n) fact. teorik 1. theoretical (kuramsal); synonyms (adj) hypothetical, abstract, speculative, theoretic, ideal, academic, conjectural, impractical; antonyms (adj) practical, concrete, real, scientific, 2. abstract (özet, soyut); synonyms (adj) theoretical, (v) abridge, filch, extract, lift, purloin, (n) synopsis, abridgement, digest, epitome, summary, abridgment, brief, outline, precis, 3. academic; synonyms (adj) learned, pedantic, scholarly, studious, bookish, didactic, educational, erudite, (n) intellectual, academician, scholar, professor, (v) scholastic; antonym (n) realist. tepe 1. hill; synonyms (n) height, bank, gradient, mound, ascent, elevation, acclivity, embankment, grade, hillock, knoll, pile, rise, (v) declivity, dip; antonym (n) vale, 2. crown; synonyms (n) top, apex, cover, crest, peak, pinnacle, summit, kingdom, acme, corona, coronal, (v) cap, complete, consummate, culminate, 3. crest; synonyms (n) crown, brow, hilltop, zenith, upside, edge, device, emblem, heraldry, point, ridge, tip, (v) climax, (adj) panache, plume, 4. top (üst); synonyms (adj) maximum, superlative, supreme, (n) surface, covering, lid, (v) best, exceed, head, outdo, surpass, beat, better, excel, pass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir, 5. cap; synonyms (n) bonnet, capital, ceiling, detonator, closure, coif, cork, helmet, plug, stopper, uncover, moil, (v) limit, 6. mount; synonyms (v) ascend, climb, board, arise, advance, jump, bestride, grow, increase, ride, scale, erect, (n) hill, frame, mountain; antonyms (v) descend, drop, (n) valley, 7. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, boss, foam, froth, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, commander, director, (v) direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow, 8. peak (doruk, zirve); synonyms (n) extreme, prime, bill, bloom, culmination, flush, heyday, highlight, vertex, visor, most, (adj) cliff, highest, bluff, optimum; antonym

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

450

Turkish - English

(n) trough,

9. height (doruk, yükseklik, zirve);

synonyms (n) altitude, degree, eminence, high, level, extent, length, measure, pitch, size, tallness, amount, extremity, depth, prominence; antonym (n) shortness, 10. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) hint, bribe, clue, gratuity, suggestion, reward, advice, baksheesh, counsel, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, list. tepki 1. reaction (reaksiyon, tepkime); synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling, 2. response (cevap, yanıt); synonyms (n) reaction, echo, return, respond, chant, chaunt, comeback, hymn, repartee, (v) endurance, experience, (adj) sympathy, cordiality, fraternization, rapprochement. tepkime reaction (reaksiyon, tepki); synonyms (n) answer, response, backlash, reply, effect, reception, rejoinder, repercussion, retort, feeling. tepkimek react; synonyms (v) answer, respond, act, oppose, recoil, reply, behave, retort, return; antonym (v) ignore. tepmek kick; synonyms (n) beef, bitch, gripe, thrill, bang, charge, excitement, flush, hit, (v) boot, grumble, recoil, spurn, protest, complain. tepsi tray; synonyms (n) plate, dish, basket, bassinet, case, corbeille, cradle, crate, creel, dorser, dosser, hamper, hopper, jardiniere, lapboard. ter sweat (terlemek); synonyms (n) labor, perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle, drudgery, fret, labour, (v) work, perspire, toil, drudge, exude, ooze. terapi therapy; synonyms (n) cure, medication, remedy, treatment, healing, analysis, answer, antidote, care, medicine, mixture, preparation, solution, psychoanalysis, tonic. terapist therapist; synonyms (n) healer, analyst, nurse, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, consultant, counselor, shrink. teras terrace; synonyms (n) patio, bench, veranda, porch, balcony, yard, accommodation, backyard, building, bungalow, cottage, farmhouse, green, grounds, igloo. terazi 1. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, (v) ascend, climb, gauge, mount, weigh, rise, (adj) balance; antonym (v) descend, 2. balance (denge, dengelemek); synonyms (n) poise, symmetry, excess, remainder, account, complement, counterpoise, credit, (v) counterbalance, adjust, offset, compensate, contrast, settle, audit; antonyms (n) imbalance, (v) unbalance. terbiye 1. sauce (sos); synonyms (n) condiment, seasoning, garnish, impertinence, billingsgate, salad, cheek, insolence, effrontery, juice, nerve, flavoring, lip, liquor, mouth, 2. manners; synonyms (n) breeding, conduct, propriety,

behavior, deportment, custom, usage, form, education, grace, actions, activities, code, cultivation, culture, 3. training (Eğitim); synonyms (n) instruction, practice, preparation, teaching, exercise, discipline, nurture, drill, schooling, experience, workout, coaching, grooming. terbiyeli decent; synonyms (adj) proper, adequate, appropriate, acceptable, becoming, comely, decorous, honest, modest, respectable, right, seemly, sufficient, chaste, ethical; antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome, inappropriate, disreputable, filthy, inadequate, indecent, unsuitable. terbiyesiz 1. coarse (kaba); synonyms (adj) barbarous, boorish, brutal, crude, gross, rough, vulgar, bawdy, blunt, broad, common, earthy, harsh, rude, uncivilized; antonyms (adj) refined, smooth, sophisticated, 2. rude; synonyms (adj) impudent, coarse, bold, discourteous, impolite, mean, abusive, churlish, crass, curt, disrespectful, impertinent, indelicate, insolent, (n) abrupt; antonyms (adj) polite, respectful, chivalrous, courteous, civil, decent, proper, well-mannered. tercih 1. choice (seçim); synonyms (n) vote, alternative, favorite, option, preference, selection, election, pick, pleasure, volition, assortment, (adj) best, excellent, select, (v) chosen; antonym (adj) inferior, 2. preference; synonyms (n) choice, inclination, liking, predilection, fondness, partiality, penchant, precedence, preferment, fancy, advantage, favoritism, priority, taste, desire, 3. option (seçenek); synonyms (n) possibility, refusal, opening, will, likelihood, opportunity, wish, call, decision, put; antonyms (n) essential, necessity, obligation. tercihen preferably; synonyms (adv) rather, sooner, earlier, instead, better, kinda, quite, (adj) before, cheerfully, eagerly, former, gladly, joyfully, prior, somewhat. tercihli preferred; synonyms (adj) favored, favorite, chosen, pet, select, favourite, selected, choice, preferable. tercüme 1. interpretation (yorum); synonyms (n) version, construction, explanation, exposition, clarification, commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting, translation, analysis, description, performance, reading, understanding, 2. translation; synonyms (n) displacement, interpretation, rendering, transformation, rendition, paraphrase, metamorphosis, conversion, shift, adaptation, alteration, consecration, edition, induction, (v) transmission, 3. version (çeviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n) variation, account, variant, lection, report, story, form, light, sketch, summary.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

451

tereddüt hesitation; synonyms (n) hesitance,

terminal terminal; synonyms (adj) final, last,

faltering, delay, hesitate, diffidence, hesitancy, indecision, misgiving, pause, qualm, reluctance, (v) doubt, falter, fear, hesitating; antonyms (n) certainty, persuasiveness. tereyağı butter; synonyms (n) fat, oil, cement, (v) blarney, gloze, slaver, apply, cajole, coquet, daub, humor, inveigle, (adj) dough, pudding, clay. terfi 1. advancement (ilerleme); synonyms (n) advance, promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth, cultivation, development, elevation, improvement, progress, progression, profit, betterment, exaltation, gain, 2. promotion; synonyms (n) advancement, advertising, boost, encouragement, hype, preferment, advertisement, forwarding, publicity, support, advocacy, lift, preference, upgrading, propaganda; antonyms (n) demotion, neglect, 3. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) ascent, raise, swell, raising, incline, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump, grow, originate, rear; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire. terhis discharge (boşaltmak); synonyms (n) release, dismissal, drain, (v) acquit, clear, absolve, complete, deliver, eject, cashier, burst, blast, bounce, detonate, disgorge; antonyms (v) capture, hire. terim term; synonyms (n) name, expression, period, style, title, boundary, limit, spell, stipulation, time, duration, phrase, (v) call, designate, entitle. terkedilmiş 1. abandoned; synonyms (adj) forlorn, immoral, deserted, empty, profligate, shameless, stranded, wicked, lonely, corrupt, debauched, depraved, derelict, desolate, discarded; antonyms (adj) restrained, inhabited, orderly, overcrowded, 2. derelict; synonyms (adj) delinquent, abandoned, forsaken, neglectful, ramshackle, remiss, negligent, dilapidated, decrepit, rickety, (n) outcast, tramp, vagabond. terketmek leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come. terlemek sweat (ter); synonyms (n) labor, perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle, drudgery, fret, labour, (v) work, perspire, toil, drudge, exude, ooze. terletmek sweat (ter, terlemek); synonyms (n) labor, perspiration, lather, sudor, effort, struggle, drudgery, fret, labour, (v) work, perspire, toil, drudge, exude, ooze. termal thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic, warm, convection. termik thermal; synonyms (adj) caloric, thermic, warm, convection.

definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n) depot, end, extremity, terminus, boundary, station, destination. terminoloji terminology; synonyms (n) language, nomenclature, terms, vocabulary, phraseology, definition, dialect, expressions, lyric, phrasing, speech, wording, words, argot, gobbledygook. terör terror; synonyms (n) alarm, dread, fright, awe, dismay, fear, scare, consternation, horror, panic, anxiety, apprehension, scourge, trepidation, brat. terörist terrorist; synonyms (n) anarchist, bully, communist, radical, (adj) alarmist, (v) murderer, assassin, butcher, slayer. ters 1. reverse; synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) contrary; antonym (n) front, 2. contrary; synonyms (adj) contradictory, adverse, conflicting, reverse, unfavorable, alien, cross, different, disobedient, obstinate, perverse, averse, antagonistic, (n) antithesis, (adv) counter, 3. cross (haç); synonyms (n) crisscross, affliction, (v) intersect, baffle, cover, thwart, (adj) crabbed, crabby, angry, cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, traverse, cranky, annoyed; antonyms (v) uncross, (adj) calm, good-tempered, 4. opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) diametric, hostile, opposing, opposed, diametrical, inconsistent, repugnant, unlike, across, discordant, (n) opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 5. ugly (çirkin); synonyms (adj) nasty, disagreeable, forbidding, frightful, gruesome, hideous, homely, repulsive, surly, evil, offensive, atrocious, deformed, despicable, grotesque; antonyms (adj) beautiful, attractive, good-looking, flowing, ornamental, 6. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, false, ill, improper, bad, inappropriate, incorrect, abuse, criminal, (v) erroneous, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime; antonyms (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, law-abiding, (adv) correctly, (v) right, (n) justice. tertibat gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, (v) harness. tertip 1. composition; synonyms (n) arrangement, constitution, construction, texture, alloy, amalgam, article, combination, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, makeup, organization, 2. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 3. arrangement; synonyms (n) agreement, order,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

452

Turkish - English

settlement, adjustment, classification, contract, design, distribution, method, plan, sequence, system, accommodation, appointment, accord, 4. scheme (proje); synonyms (n) contrivance, dodge, device, diagram, project, schedule, conspiracy, figure, chart, (v) plot, intrigue, devise, conspire, contrive, connive. tertipli tidy; synonyms (adj) clean, neat, trim, spruce, natty, orderly, respectable, shipshape, goodish, methodical, (v) clear, arrange, straighten, groom, neaten; antonyms (adj) untidy, disheveled, knotted. tesadüf 1. coincidence; synonyms (n) accordance, chance, accident, conjunction, coexistence, concurrence, correspondence, appulse; antonym (n) design, 2. accident (kaza); synonyms (n) casualty, coincidence, crash, fortune, circumstance, contingency, event, fortuity, hap, hazard, incident, luck, smash, catastrophe, destiny. tesadüfen 1. accidentally; synonyms (adv) circumstantially, incidentally, unintentionally, casually, coincidentally, fortuitously, unexpectedly, unwittingly; antonyms (adv) intentionally, deliberately, knowingly, 2. incidentally; synonyms (adv) accidentally, apropos, haply, incidently, glancingly, obiter, indirectly, remotely, seasonably, subordinately, timely, transiently, (adj) parenthetically. tesadüfi 1. accidental; synonyms (adj) casual, fortuitous, adventitious, chance, incidental, unintended, unintentional, contingent, haphazard, inadvertent, involuntary, random, unexpected, unforeseen; antonyms (adj) intentional, deliberate, 2. chance; synonyms (n) hazard, fortune, opportunity, probability, venture, accident, break, contingency, fate, (adj) accidental, (v) gamble, adventure, risk, bet, befall; antonyms (n) predictability, (v) design, plan, 3. casual; synonyms (adj) careless, irregular, nonchalant, occasional, coincidental, cursory, easy, insouciant, lax, offhand, passing, unconcerned, temporary, carefree, light; antonyms (adj) formal, thorough. tescil registration; synonyms (n) enrollment, registering, enrolment, entering, entry, register, record, registry, adjustment, readjustment. tescilli registered; synonyms (adj) enrolled, booked, conscript, denoted, destined, indicated, measured. teşebbüs 1. attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake, 2. enterprise; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, activity, energy, courage, endeavour, firm, initiative, spirit, venture, corporation, establishment, attempt, cause, 3. venture; synonyms (n) hazard, speculation, danger, enterprise, experiment, jeopardy, (v) risk, stake, peril, gamble, endanger, bet, guess, wager, (adj) dare.

teşekkür 1. thanks; synonyms (n) acknowledgment, appreciation, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, benediction, credit, recognition, 2. acknowledgement (alındı); synonyms (n) acceptance, acclaim, preferment, realisation, realization. teşekkürler thanks; synonyms (n) acknowledgment, appreciation, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, benediction, credit, recognition. teselli 1. consolation; synonyms (n) comfort, solace, relief, balm, ease, succor, encouragement, solacement, alleviation, sympathy, 2. comfort (avutmak); synonyms (n) consolation, aid, amenity, assistance, support, convenience, luxury, (v) allay, assuage, cheer, alleviate, soothe, console, encourage, (adj) calm; antonyms (n) discomfort, aggravation, (v) alarm, annoy, frighten. teşhir 1. exposure (poz); synonyms (n) display, exposition, detection, peril, danger, risk, expose, discovery, revealing, jeopardy, liability, revelation, advertising, susceptibility, (v) disclosure, 2. show (gösteri, göstermek); synonyms (v) present, broadcast, guide, indicate, parade, demonstrate, disclose, evidence, give, manifest, (n) appearance, exhibit, produce, ostentation, presentation; antonyms (v) conceal, disprove, hide. teşhis 1. identification (kimlik); synonyms (n) designation, finding, id, identity, mark, naming, papers, remembering, badge, recognition, denomination, 2. diagnosis (tanı); synonyms (n) diagnosing, distinction, identification, examination, diorism, anatomy, breakdown, definition, differentiation, discovery, discrimination, division, forecast, prediction, projection. tesir 1. influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority, control, domination, charm, command, hold, (v) affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline, bias, direct, govern, 2. effect (etki, sonuç); synonyms (n) consequence, product, result, sequel, aftermath, conclusion, (v) accomplish, achieve, create, cause, complete, do, bring, carry, execute; antonym (n) reason. tesirli 1. telling; synonyms (adj) significant, revealing, effective, effectual, emphatic, impressive, pregnant, cogent, powerful, forceful, potent, trenchant, (n) recounting, relation, notice, 2. effective (etkin); synonyms (adj) beneficial, practical, efficacious, operative, strong, actual, fruitful, positive, active, important, influential, (n) competent, capable, able, efficient; antonyms (adj) ineffective, useless, weak, inoperative. tesirsiz inefficient; synonyms (adj) incompetent, inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, incapable, inefficacious, feeble, impotent, futile, inactive, inept, insufficient, unable, unfit, useless; antonym (adj) efficient.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tesis 1. facility (kolaylık, olanak); synonyms (n) ability, dexterity, adroitness, ease, readiness, artifice, aptitude, deftness, faculty, freedom, installation, knack, lightness, (adj) competence, proficiency, 2. foundation (temel); synonyms (n) base, basis, bottom, creation, establishment, foot, institution, principle, cause, cornerstone, footing, fundamental, origin, support, nucleus; antonym (n) top, 3. institution; synonyms (n) institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college, organisation, constitution, 4. establishment; synonyms (n) business, company, concern, enactment, settlement, introduction, administration, colonization, dwelling, management, construction, enterprise, government, inauguration, order; antonyms (n) elimination, end, 5. works; synonyms (n) factory, plant, workings, mill, manufactory, deeds. tesisat installation; synonyms (n) establishment, induction, facility, inauguration, initiation, installment, investiture, plant, appointment, installing, introduction, settlement. teslim 1. delivery; synonyms (n) childbirth, birth, consignment, discharge, rescue, communication, confinement, deliverance, distribution, elocution, issue, surrender, articulation, (v) address, parturition; antonyms (n) death, dispatch, 2. concession (imtiyaz, ödün); synonyms (n) admission, compliance, allowance, compromise, discount, grant, agreement, charter, conceding, license, yielding, acceptance, acknowledgment, abatement, assent, 3. surrender; synonyms (n) resign, resignation, capitulation, release, (v) concede, relinquish, abandon, render, capitulate, deliver, submit, forsake, forfeit, leave, cede; antonyms (v) conquer, resist, appropriate, fight, persevere, subdue, win.

tespit determination (belirleme, saptama); synonyms (n) decision, conclusion, definition, resolution, decisiveness, resolve, tenacity, will, appointment, assessment, constancy, courage, firmness, fortitude, (v) award; antonyms (n) indecision, weakness, compliance, indecisiveness. test test (sınamak); synonyms (n) trial, audition, experiment, examination, measure, (v) assay, essay, examine, prove, quiz, sample, check, try, analyze, attempt. testere saw; synonyms (v) cut, (n) adage, byword, proverb, dictum, maxim, saying, aphorism, axiom, motto. testi jug; synonyms (n) jar, vase, bottle, container, pot, bucket, jugful, pail, pitcher, tankard, (v) jail, gaol, immure, imprison, lag. tetik alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile, quick, aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever, alive, animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n)

453

alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, sleepy, tired, asleep, slow, unalert, unconscious. tetkik 1. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) audit, check, exam, search, test, consideration, exploration, inquiry, investigation, study, survey, testing, contemplation, analysis, (adj) examen, 2. survey; synonyms (n) poll, review, measurement, inspection, digest, examination, (v) measure, view, appraise, canvass, prospect, assess, observe, evaluate, examine; antonym (v) neglect. teyit confirmation; synonyms (n) affirmation, approval, corroboration, ratification, sanction, testimony, demonstration, agreement, authentication, check, endorsement, evidence, proof, substantiation, verification; antonym (n) contradiction. Teyp tape (bant); synonyms (n) band, ribbon, strip, rope, cassette, seal, (v) record, videotape, video. teyze aunt (hala, yenge); synonyms (n) auntie, aunty, uncle, nephew, niece. tez 1. quick (çabuk, hızlı); synonyms (adj) bright, prompt, active, agile, clever, hasty, intelligent, nimble, speedy, alert, alive, cursory, dexterous, expeditious, (adv) fast; antonyms (adj) slow, leisurely, dull, 2. thesis (sav); synonyms (n) dissertation, matter, argument, essay, theme, topic, hypothesis, premise, proposition, assertion, contention, composition, paper, treatise, discourse. tezat 1. contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) contrariety, antithesis, comparison, distinction, difference, variation, collation, opposite, (v) differ, conflict, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint; antonym (n) similarity, 2. contradiction; synonyms (n) denial, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy, inconsistency, refutation, reverse; antonym (n) agreement. tezgâh bench (bank); synonyms (n) settle, chair, court, terrace, workbench, bank, bar, judicatory, board, couch, form, judiciary, table, tribunal. tezgahtar clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener. tezgâhtar clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener. tıbbi medical; synonyms (adj) aesculapian, medicinal, medic, therapeutic, scientific, experimental, irrefutable, proven, quantifiable, (n) checkup, examination. ticaret 1. commerce; synonyms (n) business, exchange, connection, dealings, intercourse, association, barter, communication, conversation, traffic, interchange, (v) trade, affair, 2. business; synonyms (n) employment, matter, subject, calling, concern, corporation, deal, event, job, occupation,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

454

Turkish - English

profession, vocation, work, action, affairs; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 3. trade; synonyms (n) commerce, swap, switch, clientele, craft, custom, dealing, market, (v) change, merchandise, bargain, sell, swop, peddle, (adj) commercial; antonym (n) purchase, 4. traffic (trafik); synonyms (n) travel, industry, patronage, (v) truck. ticari commercial; synonyms (adj) business, mercantile, merchant, mercenary, profitable, economic, industrial, (n) advertisement, ad, publicity, announcement; antonyms (adj) charitable, noncommercial. tığ needle (iğne); synonyms (n) injection, pointer, awl, plunger, probe, rudder, spike, (v) annoy, goad, irritate, sting, rile, aggravate, gall, nag. tıkaç pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge. tıkamak 1. block (blok); synonyms (n) bar, barricade, pad, clog, cluster, (v) arrest, stop, hinder, encumber, halt, lock, obstruct, parry, plug, (adj) lump; antonyms (v) free, unblock, open, 2. jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, fill, force, gorge, impede, pack, 3. stuff; synonyms (n) material, cloth, gear, matter, goods, stock, substance, fabric, property, (v) jam, ram, glut, load, shove, (adj) rubbish; antonym (v) unstuff, 4.

stop (durak, durdurmak, durma, durmak); synonyms (v) stand, close, delay, interrupt, catch, disrupt, dwell, finish, intercept, (n) hold, stay, check, end, cease, curb; antonyms (v) continue, start, begin, encourage, permit, prolong. tıkanıklık jam (reçel); synonyms (n) crush, crowd, fix, squeeze, congestion, conserve, dilemma, hole, (v) block, cram, bar, fill, force, gorge, hinder; antonym (v) free. tıkınmak bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock. tıkırdatmak tap (musluk); synonyms (n) pat, dab, hit, bang, strike, stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap, broach, bug, beat, eavesdrop, exploit. tıkırtı tap (musluk); synonyms (n) pat, dab, hit, bang, strike, stroke, touch, blow, (v) knock, rap, broach, bug, beat, eavesdrop, exploit. tiksindirici disgusting; synonyms (adj) abominable, detestable, disgustful, distasteful, execrable, foul, loathsome, nasty, odious, offensive, disagreeable, abhorrent, awful, dirty, hateful; antonyms (adj) attractive, pleasant, appealing. tiksindirmek disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation,

dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n) attraction, love, (v) delight, attract. tiksinme disgust; synonyms (n) antipathy, abhorrence, abomination, aversion, detestation, dislike, repugnance, hate, hatred, horror, (v) sicken, nauseate, shock, distaste, displease; antonyms (n) attraction, love, (v) delight, attract. tilki fox; synonyms (n) dodger, slyboots, (v) confound, confuse, fob, bewilder, fuddle, bedevil, befuddle, discombobulate. tim team (takım); synonyms (n) crew, company, gang, squad, organization, party, side, troop, couple, brigade, faction, group, (v) pair, band, (adj) rank. tımar manor; synonyms (n) domain, land, mansion, castle, residence, seigniory. tımarhane institution; synonyms (n) creation, establishment, institute, formation, asylum, founding, academy, custom, foundation, initiation, organization, tradition, induction, practice, college. tinsel spiritual; synonyms (adj) ghostly, holy, immaterial, religious, incorporeal, pious, divine, ethereal, mental, psychic, metaphysical, intellectual, sacred, supernatural, unworldly; antonyms (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly. tip 1. type (tür, yazmak); synonyms (n) pattern, character, kind, nature, sort, breed, category, stamp, brand, emblem, font, form, manner, print, (adj) model, 2. norm; synonyms (n) average, mean, measure, mode, criterion, median, gauge, par, principle, rule, 3. cast (atmak, kalıp); synonyms (v) hurl, throw, shed, fling, shape, chuck, dump, figure, heave, mould, pitch, (n) appearance, casting, mold, type, 4. sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) assortment, description, rank, variety, fashion, order, organize, range, (v) class, group, arrange, classify, divide, assort, (adj) genus. tıp medicine; synonyms (n) cure, drug, medicament, medication, physic, remedy, therapy, treatment, cathartic, potion, preparation, antidote, (v) medicate. tipik 1. typical; synonyms (adj) characteristic, regular, classic, distinctive, model, average, natural, figurative, conventional, distinguishing, emblematic, symbolic, usual, (v) normal, representative; antonyms (adj) atypical, unusual, uncharacteristic, unconventional, 2. characteristic (karakteristik, özellik); synonyms (adj) individual, typical, original, special, specific, proper, (n) badge, attribute, sign, character, feature, peculiar, peculiarity, point, (v) demonstrative; antonym (adj) common, 3. representative (temsilci); synonyms (adj) illustrative, (n) agent, delegate, deputy, envoy, proxy, ambassador, emissary, instance, member, substitute, congressman, example, exponent, (v) represent.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tıpkı identical; synonyms (adj) equal, corresponding, uniform, consistent, alike, equivalent, selfsame, similar, very, synonymous, congruent, duplicate, even, exact, (v) same; antonyms (adj) different, incompatible, inconsistent. tiraj circulation (dolaşım); synonyms (n) dissemination, diffusion, distribution, currency, delivery, dispersal, dispersion, gyration, revolution, rotation, round, spread, spreading, turn, airing. tırmalamak scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. tırmanış climb (tırmanmak); synonyms (v) ascend, arise, clamber, escalate, increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending, jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop. tırmanma 1. climb (tırmanmak); synonyms (v) ascend, arise, clamber, escalate, increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending, jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop, 2. ascent; synonyms (n) climb, elevation, hill, incline, grade, slant, gradient, hike, inclination, pitch, raise, rising, slope, upgrade, uprising; antonyms (n) descent, fall. tırmanmak 1. climb; synonyms (v) ascend, arise, clamber, escalate, increase, scale, scramble, (n) rise, mount, ascent, acclivity, advance, ascending, jump, ascension; antonyms (v) descend, drop, 2. scale (ölçek); synonyms (n) flake, gamut, degree, graduation, measure, yardstick, rate, chip, criterion, fur, gradation, (v) climb, gauge, weigh, (adj) balance.

tırmık 1. drag (çekmek, sürükleme, sürüklemek); synonyms (v) attract, haul, draw, puff, trail, cart, hale, heave, lug, tow, delay, (n) pull, bother, bore, hindrance; antonym (v) push, 2. scratch (çizik, kaşımak); synonyms (n) score, mark, nick, scrabble, dent, abrasion, cut, groove, (v) graze, notch, rub, scrape, chafe, rake, grate. tiryakilik addiction; synonyms (n) dependence, dependency, devotion, habit, enslavement, trick, custom, tendency, fascination, mania, obsession, thing, bag, complex, consecration. titiz 1. exact (tam); synonyms (adj) detailed, precise, actual, authentic, careful, definite, direct, (v) accurate, close, demand, require, claim, command, ask, (n) correct; antonyms (adj) inaccurate, imprecise, vague, wrong, approximate, inexact, 2. careful (dikkatli); synonyms (adj) attentive, thrifty, alert, deliberate, economical, frugal, mindful, prudent, thoughtful, assiduous, aware, cagey, cautious, chary, (v) anxious; antonyms (adj) careless, reckless, slapdash, neglectful, 3. particular (özel); synonyms (adj) special,

455

fastidious, delicate, exact, finicky, fussy, individual, certain, choosy, circumstantial, critical, distinct, especial, (n) detail, item; antonyms (adj) easy, ordinary, (n) general, 4. difficult (zor); synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, hard, knotty, uphill, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex, contrary, crabby, disagreeable; antonyms (adj) simple, straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear. titreme 1. shake; synonyms (v) beat, agitate, jar, brandish, disturb, excite, flutter, totter, wag, (n) tremble, jolt, quiver, wave, trembling, (adj) quake, 2. chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm. titreşim beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose. tiyatro 1. theatre; synonyms (n) theater, house, arena, battleground, dramatics, dramaturgy, acting, airfield, area, bailiwick, battlefield, champaign, discipline, domain, family, 2. stage (sahne); synonyms (n) grade, phase, floor, degree, level, period, point, layer, chapter, leg, gradation, set, (v) present, order, mount. tiz sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) acute, bitter, intelligent, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, quick, (n) keen, (v) biting; antonyms (adj) blunt, dull, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. tohum 1. seed; synonyms (n) germ, issue, posterity, root, offspring, progeny, origin, nucleus, brood, embryo, source, beginning, (v) inseminate, plant, sow, 2. egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball, rudiment, eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock, bud, addict, baseball, cell, chunk, clod. tok full (dolu); synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, abundant, broad, flush, ample, enough, extensive, total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good, (n) entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete. tokat buffet (büfe); synonyms (n) blow, canteen, restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit, knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump. tökezleme trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix. tökezlemek trip (gezi); synonyms (n) excursion, expedition, tour, flight, jaunt, travel, lapse, run, drive, misstep, (v) journey, slip, stumble, fall, (adj) blunder; antonym (v) fix.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

456

Turkish - English

tokmak hammer (çekiç); synonyms (n) pound,

toparlanmak rally; synonyms (n) assembly, meeting,

gavel, (v) strike, bang, beat, knock, tap, club, forge, hit, thrash, drive, drum, rap, batter. tolerans tolerance (hoşgörü); synonyms (n) endurance, allowance, indulgence, leniency, patience, lenience, margin, permissiveness, consideration, kindness, leeway, forbearance, mercy, approval, permission; antonyms (n) intolerance, narrow-mindedness, bigotry, chauvinism, extremism. tolga helmet (kask); synonyms (n) casque, helm, hood, cowl, hat, (v) headpiece, pickelhaube, armor, aegis, apron, backplate, brains, breastplate, brigandine, buckler. tomar roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. tombul fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. tomruk log; synonyms (n) journal, record, block, diary, timber, backlog, firewood, register, billet, logarithm, bobbing, calendar, (v) enter, chronicle, lumber. ton tone (ses); synonyms (n) character, note, accent, air, shade, sound, spirit, timbre, tinge, tint, manner, disposition, feel, feeling, (v) color. top 1. gun (tüfek); synonyms (n) artillery, gunman, handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver, shooter, torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker, 2. ball; synonyms (n) bulb, globe, shot, shell, bead, baseball, bullet, dance, football, lump, orb, party, pellet, projectile, sphere, 3. bolt; synonyms (n) dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, guzzle, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock, 4. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. topaç top (üst); synonyms (adj) maximum, (n) crown, peak, acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit, (v) best, cap, exceed, head, outdo; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir. topak lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout. topal game (oyun); synonyms (n) amusement, fun, entertainment, competition, contest, diversion, match, play, prey, quarry, sport, (adj) fearless, (v) bet, gamble, wager. toparlamak collect (toplamak); synonyms (v) assemble, accumulate, amass, gather, pick, accrue, acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, congregate, convene, cull, harvest, hoard; antonyms (v) disperse, distribute.

convention, gathering, (v) banter, gather, muster, congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge, meet, mobilize; antonym (v) demobilize. tophane arsenal; synonyms (n) armory, armoury, store, depository, arms, armaments, artillery, dump, factory, guns, inventory, missiles, plant, stockpile, storeroom. toplam 1. sum; synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount, aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute, (adj) all, 2. total; synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, entire, gross, downright, general, full, integral, outright, overall, sheer, thorough, (n) whole, sum, tally; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 3. aggregate; synonyms (adj) aggregative, collective, cumulative, (n) agglomerate, complex, pile, combination, compound, conglomeration, aggregation, bulk, (v) accumulate, cluster, collect, amass; antonyms (n) individual, part, 4. overall; synonyms (adj) broad, comprehensive, inclusive, global, widespread, (adv) generally, everywhere, (n) smock, boilersuit. toplama 1. addition; synonyms (n) accession, accessory, addendum, extension, increase, accretion, afterthought, annex, appendage, attachment, augmentation, complement, extra, gain, (prep) accumulation; antonyms (n) subtraction, removal, estimation, 2. collection (koleksiyon); synonyms (n) assembly, assortment, bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap, mass, pile, variety, batch, pack, (v) assemblage, 3. concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application, attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening, condensation, convergence, denseness, density; antonym (n) distraction, 4. gathering; synonyms (n) collection, concourse, congregation, crowd, convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bevy, function, audience, group, multitude, (v) muster, 5. picking; synonyms (adj) careful, nice, (n) pick, option, selection, alternative, choice, burling, cream, filling, pickax, pickaxe, preference, pilfering, plectron. toplamak 1. gather; synonyms (v) deduce, convene, accumulate, amass, assemble, collect, compile, congregate, flock, garner, meet, tuck, earn, rally, (n) fold; antonyms (v) disperse, scatter, 2. collect; synonyms (v) gather, pick, accrue, acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, cull, harvest, hoard, raise, accept, catch, derive, gain; antonym (v) distribute, 3. add (eklemek); synonyms (v) calculate, include, join, total, figure, lend, mix, divide, subtract, adjoin, affix, annex, append, attach, (n) addition; antonym (v) detach, 4. pick (seçmek); synonyms (v) clean, opt, break, choose,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English draw, (n) alternative, elite, best, choice, option, selection, (adj) cream, select, mattock, flower, 5. raise (yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 6. aggregate (toplam); synonyms (adj) sum, aggregative, all, collective, cumulative, (n) agglomerate, whole, complex, pile, combination, compound, conglomeration, gross, mass, (v) amount; antonyms (n) individual, part, 7. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) complete, absolute, entire, downright, general, full, integral, outright, overall, sheer, (n) tally, entirety, (v) count, number, add; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 8. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) quantity, measure, kernel, quantum, substance, union, congeries, magnitude, body, matter, (v) resume, compute, summarize, score, estimate.

toplanma 1. concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application, attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening, condensation, convergence, denseness, density; antonym (n) distraction, 2. accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard, pile, reserve, deposit, addition, assemblage, assembly, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage, 3. collection (koleksiyon, toplama); synonyms (n) accumulation, assortment, bundle, gathering, set, bunch, cluster, compilation, heap, variety, pack, assembling, collecting, congregation, corpus, 4. gathering; synonyms (n) collection, concourse, crowd, convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bevy, function, audience, group, multitude, party, (v) muster. toplanmak 1. collect (toplamak); synonyms (v) assemble, accumulate, amass, gather, pick, accrue, acquire, aggregate, cluster, collate, congregate, convene, cull, harvest, hoard; antonyms (v) disperse, distribute, 2. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, collection, crew, press, circle, army, assembly, concourse, congregation, (v) bunch, flock, squeeze, compress, cram, 3. flock (sürü); synonyms (n) crowd, band, bevy, covey, gang, herd, horde, pack, troop, cloud, batch, drove, (v) mass, clump, collect, 4. gather (toplamak); synonyms (v) deduce, compile, garner, meet, tuck, earn, rally, reap, derive, converge, extract, conclude, crease, gain, (n) fold; antonym (v) scatter. toplanmış collected; synonyms (v) composed, (adj) calm, accumulated, amassed, assembled, cool, sober, tranquil, poised, unflappable, dispassionate, gathered, imperturbable, peaceful, placid; antonym (adj) agitated. toplantı 1. gathering; synonyms (n) assembly, accumulation, collection, concourse, assemblage,

457

congregation, crowd, compilation, convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch, bevy, 2. assembly (montaj); synonyms (n) gathering, fabrication, multitude, assembling, body, chamber, cluster, company, conclave, congress, construction, convocation, council, flock, group, 3. convention (kongre); synonyms (n) conference, contract, custom, tradition, agreement, bargain, habit, practice, fashion, compact, concord, bond, conventionalism, conventionality, covenant, 4. congress (Kongre); synonyms (n) intercourse, confluence, association, synod, cockpit, coition, coitus, conflux, 5. meeting; synonyms (n) appointment, caucus, encounter, junction, meet, forum, confrontation, assignation, consultation, discussion, interview, rendezvous, session, talk, club; antonym (n) divergence, 6. session (oturum); synonyms (n) seance, sitting, bout, class, period, stretch, 7. rally; synonyms (n) demonstration, (v) banter, muster, congregate, convene, assemble, chaff, collect, converge, mobilize, recover, ridicule, tease, jeer, (adj) encourage; antonym (v) demobilize. toplardamar vein (damar); synonyms (n) streak, vena, nervure, strain, mine, temper, stripe, tone, cast, style, fund, funicle, (adj) humor, mood, strip. toplayıcı collector; synonyms (n) accumulator, receiver, gatherer, caporal, choregus, commissioner, flugelman, linkboy, woon, aggregator, bearer, cashier, investor, hoarder, magpie. toplu 1. batch; synonyms (n) band, lot, body, battery, charge, group, heap, mass, set, suite, consignment, bunch, bundle, cluster, clutch, 2. collective; synonyms (adj) aggregate, general, joint, common, cumulative, generic, mutual, communal, community, cooperative, corporate, social, unanimous, united, (n) commune; antonyms (adj) capitalist, distributive, private. topluluk 1. community; synonyms (n) association, public, agreement, commune, nation, people, brotherhood, likeness, company, district, order, (adj) communal, neighborhood, common, group; antonym (adj) private, 2. gathering; synonyms (n) assembly, accumulation, collection, concourse, assemblage, congregation, crowd, compilation, convention, crew, gather, meeting, throng, bunch, bevy, 3. group (grup, küme); synonyms (n) brigade, flock, gang, clump, gathering, lump, muster, assortment, batch, (v) class, cluster, rank, sort, arrange, assemble, 4. society; synonyms (n) club, institution, community, companionship, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, commonwealth, guild, partnership, folk, friendship, gild, league, 5. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, press, army, herd, mob, audience, horde, knot, (v) squeeze, compress, cram, jam, pack,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

458

Turkish - English

crush; antonym (v) disperse, 6. corps; synonyms (n) battalion, detachment, regiment, troop, party, band, column, force, garrison, host, battalia, division, faculty, personnel, wing. toplum 1. society; synonyms (n) club, institution, public, association, community, companionship, company, corporation, fellowship, fraternity, circle, people, commonwealth, group, guild, 2. community (topluluk); synonyms (n) agreement, commune, nation, brotherhood, likeness, district, order, population, society, solidarity, (adj) communal, neighborhood, common, shared, social; antonym (adj) private. toplumbilim sociology; synonym (n) anthropology. toplumcu socialist; synonyms (adj) socialistic, collective, left, communalist, (n) communist, philanthropist, leveler, radical, utilitarian; antonym (adj) capitalist. toplumcul social (toplumsal); synonyms (adj) gregarious, national, companionable, friendly, public, common, neighborly, affable, communicative, convivial, societal, (n) sociable, mixer, party, society. toplumculuk socialism; synonyms (n) communism, collectivism, communalism; antonym (n) capitalism. toplumsal 1. social; synonyms (adj) gregarious, national, companionable, friendly, public, common, neighborly, affable, communicative, convivial, societal, (n) sociable, mixer, party, society, 2. communal; synonyms (adj) civic, joint, mutual, social, community, shared; antonyms (adj) private, individual. toprak 1. earth (dünya, yer, yeryüzü); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust, ground, land, clay, lair, creation, ball, country, den, globe, hole, nature, orb, 2. ground (yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, floor, reason, field, soil, account, basis, footing, foundation, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix, rest; antonym (n) ceiling, 3. land; synonyms (n) kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, empire, commonwealth, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop, arrive, bring; antonym (adj) aquatic, 4. soil; synonyms (n) grime, (v) smudge, blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, smutch, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean, 5. dirt; synonyms (n) filth, crap, scandal, contamination, dirtiness, foulness, impurity, muck, pollution, sludge, smut, squalor, stain, uncleanness, 6. territory; synonyms (n) district, dominion, area, region, province, jurisdiction, expanse, possession, terrain, environment, habitat, sphere, community, section, space, 7. tract; synonyms (n) essay, pamphlet, dissertation, extent, lot, plot, belt, stretch, track, tractate, treatise, circuit, county, discourse, exposition.

topraklamak ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt, field, soil, account, country, basis, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling. toptan wholesale; synonyms (adj) sweeping, extensive, indiscriminate, broad, comprehensive, (adv) entirely, all, (n) retail, selling, (v) sell; antonym (adj) partial. topuk heel; synonyms (n) blackguard, counter, dog, cad, scoundrel, shoe, sole, villain, bounder, (v) list, lean. torba 1. bag (çanta); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, package, briefcase, purse, sack, case, container, knapsack, (v) bulge, capture, catch, filch, hook, net, 2. sack; synonyms (n) sac, poke, rape, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire. töre custom (gelenek); synonyms (n) tradition, habit, convention, practice, usage, use, fashion, impost, method, observance, order, rite, ritual, (v) accustom, (adj) bespoke. törebilim ethics (etik); synonyms (n) morality, morals, conscience, behavior, philosophy, code, dignity, ethology, ideology, principle, principles, scruples, standards, tradition, values. törel 1. ethical; synonyms (adj) ethic, decent, just, moral, right, upright, good, virtuous, honest, honorable, righteous; antonyms (adj) immoral, unethical, 2. moral; synonyms (adj) ethical, chaste, proper, noble, pure, religious, fair, honourable, worthy, (n) lesson, meaning, significance, example, byword; antonyms (adj) bad, unwholesome. tören ceremony; synonyms (n) formality, courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, manners, custom, form, liturgy, magnificence, observance, ritual, service. törensel ritual; synonyms (adj) ceremonial, formal, conventional, ritualistic, (n) rite, ceremony, custom, formality, form, habit, liturgy, observance, sacrament, usage, service. torpido egg (yumurta); synonyms (n) ball, rudiment, eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock, bud, embryo, nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning. torpil influence (etki); synonyms (n) force, authority, control, domination, charm, command, hold, (v) affect, determine, dispose, effect, incline, bias, direct, govern. törpü file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. törpülemek file (dosya); synonyms (n) archive, document, list, procession, rank, record, roll, series, string, (v) order, rasp, register, scrape, abrade, arrange. tortu 1. grounds; synonyms (n) cause, dregs, ground, reason, account, basis, foundation, justification, motive, evidence, field, rationale, deposit,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English explanation, land, 2. deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw, 3. sediment; synonyms (n) deposition, grounds, substance, filth, refuse, settling. toslamak ram (koç); synonyms (n) tup, (v) beat, cram, crash, drive, jam, pack, push, force, fill, bump, pound, press, squeeze, stuff. toy green (yeşil); synonyms (adj) fresh, callow, immature, emerald, jealous, raw, young, youthful, crude, envious, grassy, gullible, inexperienced, juvenile, (n) lawn; antonym (adj) experienced. toz 1. powder (barut); synonyms (n) dust, gunpowder, explosive, (v) grind, crush, pound, pulverise, pulverize, sprinkle, bespangle, 2. dust; synonyms (n) powder, dirt, grit, relics, remains, rhino, soil, blunt, debris, defunct, (v) clean, spray, wipe, spread, scatter. tozlu dusty; synonyms (adj) powdery, dirty, sandy, sooty, dry, mealy, branny, pulverulent, unclean. trafik traffic; synonyms (n) dealings, commerce, business, dealing, interchange, intercourse, travel, (v) exchange, trade, deal, barter, bargain, truck, custom, employment. trajedi tragedy; synonyms (n) catastrophe, calamity, disaster, misfortune, play, cataclysm, drama, bale; antonym (n) humor. trajik tragic; synonyms (adj) sad, calamitous, disastrous, dreadful, grievous, catastrophic, unlucky, tragical, unfortunate, woeful, comic, heartbreaking, histrionic, scenic; antonyms (adj) amusing, humorous. traktör tractor; synonyms (n) backhoe, grader, steamroller. transfer transfer (aktarma, aktarmak); synonyms (n) conveyance, assignment, (v) convey, carry, change, remove, shift, exchange, send, transmit, transport, commit, consign, deliver, give; antonyms (v) hold, keep. transformasyon transformation; synonyms (n) conversion, alteration, metamorphosis, change, shift, mutation, metabolism, modification, translation, transmutation, improvement, rectification, transmogrification, version. transkripsiyon transcription; synonyms (n) transcript, recording, copy, arrangement, record, reproduction, action, agreement, arranging, imitation, notes, organisation, organization, placement, preparation. transmisyon transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting.

459

travma trauma; synonyms (n) injury, hurt, wound, shock, harm, strain, stress, concussion, damage, anxiety, crisis, detriment, distress, impairment, pressure. tren train; synonyms (n) chain, string, (v) aim, coach, direct, educate, exercise, trail, tail, tame, discipline, drill, instruct, prepare, school.

tribün stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, hold, (n) attitude, booth, rack, base, pedestal, position; antonyms (v) sit, lie. tropikal tropical; synonyms (adj) tropic, torrid, hot, figurative, sunny, balmy, boiling, metaphorical, rank, translative, tropological, close, humid, lush, sticky; antonym (adj) freezing. tröst trust; synonyms (n) charge, confidence, credit, faith, reliance, rely, assurance, belief, cartel, responsibility, dependence, care, (v) believe, hope, confide; antonyms (v) distrust, doubt, disbelieve, mistrust. tüccar 1. dealer; synonyms (n) merchant, trader, monger, seller, vendor, marketer, agent, broker, salesperson, trafficker, bargainer; antonym (n) user, 2. merchant; synonyms (n) dealer, merchandiser, retailer, shopkeeper, storekeeper, wholesaler, (v) chapman; antonym (n) buyer. tufan flood (sel, sel basmak); synonyms (n) deluge, pour, torrent, stream, (v) drench, flow, inundate, glut, drown, flush, gush, rush, submerge, swamp, (prep) tide; antonyms (n) drought, shortage, (v) trickle. tüfek 1. gun (top); synonyms (n) artillery, gunman, handgun, ordnance, pistol, revolver, shooter, torpedo, accelerator, arrow, gas, (v) shoot, cracker, 2. rifle; synonyms (n) gun, firearm, (v) pillage, plunder, despoil, loot, ransack, steal, foray, reave, take, deprive, gut, rob, sack. tugay brigade; synonyms (n) detachment, army, division, battalion, corps, legion, contingent, battalia, column, garrison, host, wing, battery, platoon, sotnia. tuğla brick; synonyms (n) block, lump, brown, clay, element, red, slab, unit, bone, gem, (v) mug, pot, (adj) trump, concrete, truepenny. tüh alas (eyvah); synonyms (int) lackaday, (adv) regrettably, unfortunately, unluckily, sadly, unhappily. tuhaf 1. funny; synonyms (adj) comical, amusing, droll, eccentric, facetious, fishy, peculiar, strange, diverting, comic, curious, entertaining, farcical, humorous, (adv) funnily; antonyms (adj) serious, grave, 2. peculiar (acayip); synonyms (adj) individual, odd, particular, exceptional, different, anomalous, characteristic, extraordinary, abnormal, distinctive, bizarre, especial, fantastic, irregular, personal; antonyms (adj) normal, ordinary, typical,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

460

Turkish - English

3. odd (tek); synonyms (adj) grotesque, funny, singular, chance, novel, queer, unusual, laughable, erratic, unaccountable, casual, crazy, fanciful, atypical, leftover; antonym (adj) even, 4. curious; synonyms (adj) interested, inquiring, inquisitive, quaint, quizzical, remarkable, weird, whimsical, interesting, intrusive, meddling, overcurious, mysterious, surprising, eager; antonym (adj) incurious, 5. bizarre; synonyms (adj) freakish, outlandish, outre, striking, eerie, exotic, extravagant, freaky, incredible, offbeat, rum, uncanny, uncommon, unconventional, unnatural, 6. weird; synonyms (adj) supernatural, unearthly, ghostly, mystic, creepy, eldritch, macabre, spooky, (n) destiny; antonym (adj) real. tükenme exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue, consumption, enervation, lassitude, tiredness, weakening, expenditure, weariness, debilitation, enfeeblement, (adj) collapse, prostration, apoplexy, deliquium; antonym (n) energy. tükenmiş finished; synonyms (v) done, (adj) complete, completed, ended, perfect, consummate, absolute, accomplished, polished, ripe, ruined, spent, round, capable, (adv) over; antonyms (adj) unfinished, incomplete, remaining, rough. tüketici 1. consumer; synonyms (n) buyer, client, customer, patron, purchaser, shopper, procurer, payer, (adj) capitalist, consumerist, entrepreneurial, industrial, commercial; antonym (n) seller, 2. user (kullanıcı); synonyms (n) consumer, exploiter, addict, freeloader, idler, moocher, occupant, scrounger, slacker, stealer, beggar, use, (v) take; antonym (n) dealer. tüketim consumption; synonyms (n) expenditure, decline, use, expense, diminution, exhaustion, ingestion, intake, phthisis, uptake, decay, eating, (v) tabes, attenuation, collapse. tüketmek 1. drain; synonyms (n) ditch, culvert, dike, channel, sewer, (v) deplete, waste, exhaust, bleed, leak, consume, finish, sap, (adj) cloaca, dissipate; antonym (v) bolster, 2. spend; synonyms (v) expend, squander, blow, pass, wear, lead, invest, draw, drop, employ, lavish, use, destroy, hand, scatter; antonyms (v) save, conserve. tulum skin (cilt, deri, kabuk, post); synonyms (n) peel, hide, coating, fur, hull, rind, shell, crust, integument, pelt, (v) pare, bark, scrape, excoriate, flay. tulumba pump (pompalamak); synonyms (n) heart, pumps, ticker, (v) interrogate, draw, examine, milk, question. tüm 1. all (bütün, hepsi); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some, 2. full (dolu); synonyms (adj) absolute, abundant, broad, flush, ample, enough, extensive,

total, detailed, comprehensive, copious, good, plump, (n) entire, crowded; antonyms (adj) empty, lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, 3. entire (bütün); synonyms (adj) all, integral, perfect, utter, clean, full, intact, mere, unbroken, undivided, radical, dead, (n) stallion, stark, unabridged; antonym (adj) partial, 4. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) downright, general, outright, overall, sheer, thorough, unconditional, (n) amount, sum, tally, entirety, (v) count, number, figure, add; antonym (adj) qualified. tümce sentence; synonyms (n) judgment, finding, decision, condemnation, conviction, phrase, penalty, punishment, verdict, (v) condemn, convict, doom, judge, damn, adjudge. tümcecik phrase; synonyms (n) expression, idiom, word, diction, locution, passage, parlance, (v) express, formulate, couch, articulate, put, enunciate. tümden wholly; synonyms (adv) completely, entirely, totally, all, altogether, absolutely, fully, quite, utterly, exclusively, thoroughly, very, (adj) perfectly, solely, simply; antonyms (adv) partly, partially. tümevarım induction; synonyms (n) inauguration, deduction, initiation, beginning, elicitation, inductance, installation, introduction, presentation, analysis, calculation, consecration, dialectics, dissection, evocation. tümlemek integrate; synonyms (v) incorporate, blend, combine, consolidate, fuse, amalgamate, embody, merge, unify, unite, join, mix, coalesce, commingle, desegregate; antonyms (v) separate, exclude, segregate. tümlev integral (bütün); synonyms (adj) complete, entire, inherent, full, constitutional, inbuilt, intact, total, constituent, all, integrant, organic, perfect, (n) whole, differential. tümlevleme integration; synonyms (n) amalgamation, consolidation, embodiment, integrating, merger, fusion, synthesis, desegregation, (v) addition; antonym (n) segregation. tümör 1. tumour; synonyms (n) tumor, neoplasm, gall, 2. vegetation; synonyms (n) flora, growth, plants, foliage, quietism, plant, bushes, flowers, idleness, shrubs, undergrowth, grass, leaves. tümsek 1. prominence; synonyms (n) eminence, hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge, consequence, distinction, projection, celebrity, fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity; antonym (n) obscurity, 2. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English tümü all (bütün, hepsi, tüm); synonyms (adv) whole, purely, altogether, entirely, totally, wholly, apiece, (adj) universal, each, every, gross, complete, alone, (n) aggregate, (det) any; antonyms (pron) none, (det) some. tümüyle entirely (tamamen); synonyms (adv) absolutely, all, altogether, totally, wholly, clean, fully, solely, bodily, alone, exclusively, only, quite, right, (adj) completely; antonyms (adv) partly, partially. tunç bronze; synonyms (adj) bronzy, embrown, boldness, (n) tan, brown, bust, effigy, figure, figurine, head, iridescence, sculpture, statuette, (v) marble, plate. tünel 1. tunnel; synonyms (n) hole, funnel, chimney, ferry, flue, (v) burrow, dig, excavate, bore, gouge, (adj) mine, undermine, delve, dent, dint, 2. gallery (galeri); synonyms (n) balcony, audience, drift, veranda, circle, porch, terrace, verandah, auditorium, auditory, boxes. tüp tube (boru); synonyms (n) pipe, conduit, duct, subway, hose, channel, cylinder, metro, hosepipe, television, box, piping, bulb, shaft, roll. tur 1. lap (kucak); synonyms (n) circle, circuit, fold, coil, knee, orbit, (v) lick, overlap, bind, (adv) compass, encircle, encompass, embrace, enclose, beset, 2. tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, turn, (v) expedition, travel, ride, 3. circuit (çevrim, devre); synonyms (n) beat, area, cycle, district, loop, perimeter, periphery, route, ambit, boundary, circumference, course, detour, lap, (v) tour. tür 1. type (tip, yazmak); synonyms (n) pattern, character, kind, nature, sort, breed, category, stamp, brand, emblem, font, form, manner, print, (adj) model, 2. kind; synonyms (n) helpful, benign, class, gentle, type, variety, benevolent, description, (adj) friendly, generous, good, humane, affectionate, charitable, considerate; antonyms (adj) unkind, callous, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, disagreeable, unfeeling, 3. species; synonyms (n) genus, appearance, show, sight, order, stock, strain, phenomenon, premonstration, scene, (adj) race, fashion, (v) offspring, 4. sort (sınıflandırmak); synonyms (n) assortment, rank, organize, range, figure, grade, sorting, (v) group, arrange, classify, divide, assort, pigeonhole, screen, separate, 5. variety (varyete); synonyms (n) species, change, style, variation, diversity, miscellany, variance, mixture, hodgepodge, medley, miscellanea, pedigree, line, make, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity, 6. breed; synonyms (n) ancestry, posterity, progeny, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate, hatch, produce, propagate, raise, reproduce, 7. genre (tarz);

461

synonym (n) mode, 8. class (sınıf); synonyms (n) position, department, classification, course, denomination, division, elegance, family, like, workshop, circle, sect, (v) place, categorize, branch. tura head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, point, boss, foam, froth, crown, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, (v) capital, direct, lead; antonyms (n) end, subordinate, (v) follow. turba peat; synonyms (n) turf, bog, pet. türbe tomb; synonyms (n) grave, sepulchre, crypt, sepulcher, pit, sepulture, vault, monument, entomb, (v) bury, inter. türetmek derive; synonyms (v) deduce, stem, come, deduct, draw, result, conclude, descend, educe, elicit, evolve, extract, gain, get, infer. turist tourist; synonyms (n) traveler, holidaymaker, hiker, visitor, adventurer, explorer, vacationer, passenger, voyager, arrival, caller, guest, phaeton, rambler, tourer. turizm tourism; synonym (n) touristry. Türkiye turkey (hindi); synonyms (n) dud, failure, bomb, flop, joker, butt, coward, fiasco, fool, jokester, loser, luggage, misfire, (adj) imperfect, incapable. türkü song (şarkı); synonyms (n) melody, air, strain, cry, warble, poem, tune, call, chanson, canticle, (v) ditty, chant, sing, (adj) lay, ballad. türlü varied; synonyms (adj) assorted, diverse, miscellaneous, mixed, various, different, diversified, sundry, heterogeneous, manifold, motley, many, dissimilar, versatile, odd; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, homogeneous, uniform. turne tour; synonyms (n) journey, excursion, circuit, round, jaunt, voyage, passage, go, pilgrimage, ramble, tramp, trip, (v) expedition, travel, ride. turnuva tournament; synonyms (n) tilt, competition, contest, tourney, (v) action, combat, engagement, joust. turta pie; synonyms (n) pi, pastry, puff, desert, dividend, picnic, pushover, snap, candy, tartlet, (v) volauvent, (adj) feasible. Türü as (gibi, Olarak); synonyms (conj) qua, because, since, considering, while, whilst, (prep) during, like, (adv) equally, from, (n) arsenic. turuncu orange (portakal); synonyms (adj) amber, ocher, orangey, orangish, tawny, ginger, red, (n) orangeness, lemon, etc, lime, apricot, bittersweet, coral, peach. tuş key (anahtar); synonyms (adj) central, fundamental, basic, cardinal, essential, chief, important, principal, (n) guide, handle, clue, legend, clef, password, (v) identify. tutam cluster (küme); synonyms (n) bunch, clump, batch, group, agglomeration, collection, crowd, gang, knot, lot, tuft, (v) bundle, huddle, collect, gather; antonym (v) disperse.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

462

Turkish - English

tutamaç handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v)

tutku 1. ambition; synonyms (n) aspiration, aim,

administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp. tutamak handle (kulp, sap); synonyms (v) administer, conduct, feel, wield, control, deal, direct, finger, manage, manipulate, touch, treat, (n) grip, clutch, grasp.

ambitiousness, dream, drive, goal, hope, objective, purpose, target, wish, intention, design, desire, eagerness; antonym (n) apathy, 2. passion; synonyms (n) fury, affection, feeling, fervor, fire, love, anger, craving, enthusiasm, heat, mania, rage, fondness, ire, (v) ardor; antonym (n) indifference. tutkulu ambitious; synonyms (adj) aspiring, difficult, eager, energetic, vaulting, challenging, competitive, desirous, enterprising, grandiose, pushy. tutma 1. hold (tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym (v) release, 2. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, snatch, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, grab, pawl, snap, 3. detention; synonyms (n) delay, custody, confinement, apprehension, captivity, detainment, constraint, hold, imprisonment, incarceration, internment, prison, restraint, seizure; antonym (n) freedom, 4. holding; synonyms (n) estate, belongings, keeping, claim, interest, occupation, ownership, property, retention, take, tenure, demand, title, (adj) retaining, 5. restraint; synonyms (n) bridle, control, hindrance, limit, moderation, modesty, reserve, containment, curb, restriction, obstacle, deterrent, (v) check, impediment, obstruction; antonyms (n) excess, abandon, decadence, incentive, 6. tackle; synonyms (v) handle, harness, undertake, attempt, stop, struggle, grapple, (n) gear, equipment, rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, apparatus, outfit; antonym (v) avoid, 7. repression; synonyms (n) coercion, suppression, cohibition, despotism, domination; antonyms (n) democracy, expression,

tutanak 1. record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, 2. protocol (protokol); synonyms (n) etiquette, manners, ceremony, bill, formality, concordat, decorum, propriety, 3. minutes; synonyms (n) proceedings, record, transactions, records, journal. tutar 1. amount (miktar); synonyms (n) number, quantity, aggregate, measure, sum, total, degree, extent, figure, price, volume, body, bulk, cost, (v) come, 2. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) complete, all, absolute, entire, gross, downright, general, full, integral, (n) whole, amount, tally, entirety, (v) count, add; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 3. sum (toplam); synonyms (n) mass, join, kernel, quantum, substance, union, congeries, conglomeration, magnitude, (v) resume, compute, summarize, score, calculate, estimate. tutarlı 1. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent, uniform, agreeable, compatible, congruous, constant, logical, conformable, consonant, regular, unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant, equable; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic, contradictory, illogical, unpredictable, unreliable, 2. coherent; synonyms (adj) rational, consistent, lucid, tenacious, clear, orderly, comprehensible, connected, sound; antonyms (adj) incoherent, confused, disjointed, rambling. tutarlılık consistency; synonyms (n) consistence, agreement, body, coherence, consonance, conformity, congruence, congruity, density, uniformity, accordance, concord, compatibility, consentaneousness, accord; antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy. tutarsız inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous, incoherent, incompatible, contrary, absurd, conflicting, inconsequent, discordant, discrepant, erratic, illogical, irreconcilable, abhorrent, changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms (adj) consistent, constant, reliable. tutkal 1. cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete, 2. size (boyut, büyüklük); synonyms (n) measure, bulk, capacity, dimension, dimensions, extent, largeness, quantity, amount, breadth, degree, magnitude, mass, measurement, (v) gauge; antonyms (n) length, slenderness.

8. support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, comfort, maintenance, patronage, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, maintain, boost, confirm, corroborate; antonyms (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, reject, weaken. tutmak 1. hold (tutma); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym (v) release, 2. keep; synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate, check; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 3. retain; synonyms (v) employ, engage, hire, own, possess, occupy, remember, restrain, withhold, control, prevent, remain, sustain, uphold, admit, 4. book (kitap); synonyms (n) bible, journal, pamphlet, tome, volume, writing, text, manuscript, textbook, copy, (v) order, apply, inscribe, list, record, 5. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, snatch, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, grab,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English pawl, snap, 6. charter; synonyms (n) permit, authority, code, law, license, constitution, contract, franchise, grant, immunity, patent, (v) let, rent, lease, take, 7. grasp; synonyms (n) catch, clinch, appreciation, apprehension, clutches, comprehension, reach, (v) comprehend, embrace, grapple, conceive, cling, clench, compass, dig, 8.

support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) help, stand, aid, comfort, maintenance, patronage, endorsement, (v) assist, prop, back, brace, encourage, boost, confirm, corroborate; antonyms (n) hindrance, (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken, 9. engage; synonyms (v) attract, book, absorb, betroth, charter, enlist, draw, engross, involve, lock, mesh, busy, bind, affiance, (adv) bespeak; antonyms (v) fire, disengage, 10. occupy; synonyms (v) fill, inhabit, invade, conquer, attack, dwell, enjoy, live, overrun, reside, seize, consume, adopt, (n) interest, concern; antonym (v) leave, 11. total (toplam); synonyms (adj) aggregate, complete, all, absolute, entire, gross, downright, general, (n) whole, amount, sum, tally, entirety, (v) count, number; antonyms (adj) partial, incomplete, qualified, 12. take (almak); synonyms (v) obtain, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, assume, bring, claim, convey, demand, interpret, require, select, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add. tütmek smoke (duman); synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek, fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj) smudge. tutsak prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive, hostage, accused, criminal, defendant. tütsülemek smoke (duman); synonyms (n) fumes, fog, mist, perfume, smoking, smoulder, (v) fume, reek, fumigate, puff, exhale, cure, burn, smolder, (adj) smudge. tutturmak bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, (v) bind, band, adhere. tutucu conservative; synonyms (adj) moderate, bourgeois, conventional, cautious, reactionary, unprogressive, careful, right, hidebound, orthodox, safe, traditional, intolerant, (n) square, traditionalist; antonyms (adj) activist, wide-ranging, (n) liberal, radical. tutuk uneasy; synonyms (adj) uncomfortable, anxious, fidgety, restless, apprehensive, concerned, nervous, awkward, unquiet, fretful, restive, solicitous, agitated, jittery, troubled; antonym (adj) calm. tutukevi prison (cezaevi); synonyms (n) jail, calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, confine, custody.

463

tutuklama 1. apprehension (anlayış, korku); synonyms (n) alarm, comprehension, dread, arrest, capture, foreboding, misgiving, trepidation, understanding, appreciation, anticipation, agitation, (adj) anxiety, care, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) reassurance, release, confidence, calmness, 2. arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt, apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) catch, apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder, inhibit; antonym (v) discharge. tutuklamak arrest; synonyms (n) stop, check, halt, apprehension, custody, hold, detention, (v) capture, catch, apprehend, collar, delay, detain, get, hinder; antonyms (v) release, discharge. tutuklu prisoner; synonyms (n) convict, captive, hostage, accused, criminal, defendant. tutum 1. attitude (davranış, tavır); synonyms (n) position, aspect, posture, behavior, mind, notion, air, approach, bearing, disposition, mentality, mood, opinion, outlook, perspective, 2. saving; synonyms (n) economy, conservation, preservation, rescue, cut, deliverance, delivery, (adj) economical, frugal, thrifty, save, chary, except, excepting, sparing; antonym (n) extravagance, 3. economy; synonyms (n) frugality, parsimony, saving, thrift, efficiency, husbandry, prudence, stinginess, thriftiness, brevity, (adj) system, arrangement, array. tütün tobacco; synonyms (n) baccy, nicotian, (adj) nicotine. tutuş 1. hold (tutma, tutmak); synonyms (v) keep, detain, endure, adhere, bear, comprise, contain, entertain, have, arrest, carry, (n) grasp, grip, clasp, clutch; antonym (v) release, 2. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, get, hold, adopt, catch, obtain, return, borrow, pick, acquire, appropriate, assume, (n) seize, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose. tutuşmak 1. blaze; synonyms (n) glare, flame, burning, fire, light, hell, scintillation, combustion, (v) flash, beam, flicker, mark, shimmer, (adj) burn, glow, 2. burn (yakmak, yanmak); synonyms (v) bite, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, boil, cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, seethe, smolder, (adj) flush, smoke; antonym (v) dawdle. tutuşturmak fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire. tuval canvas; synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, sheet, (v) canvass, painting, tableau. tuvalet 1. toilet; synonyms (n) bathroom, lavatory, attire, can, dress, lav, privy, stool, costume, bath, guise, raiment, commode, crapper, drapery, 2. bathroom (banyo); synonyms (n) toilet, arse, ass, backside, basin, bathtub, behind, bottom, bum,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

464

Turkish - English

buns, butt, buttocks, canful, derriere, fanny, 3. lavatory; synonyms (n) washbasin, washstand. tüy 1. pile (hav); synonyms (n) heap, stack, mass, congeries, mound, bunch, accumulation, bundle, collection, hoard, jam, (v) pack, accumulate, amass, crowd, 2. hair (saç); synonyms (n) fuzz, coat, down, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, haircloth, locks, pile, coiffure, (adj) brush, clipping, driblet, 3. down (aşağı); synonyms (adv) below, (adj) cut, dejected, depressed, downward, despondent, dispirited, downcast, downhearted, gloomy, (n) feather, hair, (v) consume, devour, drink; antonyms (adv) up, (adj) cheerful, happy, upward. tüylü rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant. tuz salt; synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm. tuzak 1. trap (yakalamak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait, (v) catch, entrap, ensnare, trick, entangle, capture, 2. net (ağ, net); synonyms (adj) final, last, (n) network, bag, lace, earnings, cobweb, lattice, meshwork, (v) clear, gain, make, trap, earn, knit; antonym (v) gross. tüzel 1. legal (yasal); synonyms (adj) lawful, sound, valid, juridical, constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true, correct, sanctioned, official, (v) allowable, legitimate, licit; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, bogus, 2. corporate; synonyms (adj) collective, common, incorporate, incorporated, united, bodied, corporal, aggregate, combined, associated, bodily, commercial, confederate, embodied, incarnate. tuzlamak salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm. tuzlu salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm. tuzluk salt (tuz); synonyms (n) salinity, sal, blunt, cream, dust, mopus, (adj) salty, saline, briny, spice, pungent, season, (v) cure, pickle, embalm. tüzük 1. statute (kural, yasa); synonyms (n) law, ordinance, rule, constitution, decree, charter, act, canon, edict, enactment, regulation, code, order, ruling, bill, 2. constitution (anayasa); synonyms (n) composition, makeup, organization, temperament, build, foundation, character, construction, disposition, formation, structure, architecture, arrangement, configuration, (adj) nature, 3. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion, principle, regulate, reign, authority,

dictate, government, line, (v) command, control, influence, direct, dominate, measure, 4. regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system, convention, 5. rules; synonyms (n) regulations, etiquette.

U uç 1. point (göstermek, nokta); synonyms (n) place, grade, peak, nib, edge, aim, article, degree, dot, mark, spot, phase, (v) head, direct, level, 2. terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) final, last, definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n) depot, end, extremity, terminus, boundary, station, destination, 3. tip (tavsiye); synonyms (n) top, hint, point, pinnacle, apex, bribe, clue, crown, gratuity, suggestion, (v) incline, tilt, dump, lean, slant, 4. extreme (aşırı); synonyms (adj) deep, excessive, enormous, immoderate, intense, severe, supreme, terrible, ultimate, utmost, uttermost, drastic, extraordinary, exceeding, exorbitant; antonyms (adj) middle, reasonable, near, (n) mild, moderate, slight, 5. end (bitirmek, bitmek, erek, son); synonyms (n) close, closure, conclusion, death, cause, demise, object, tail, effect, (v) cease, complete, finish, discontinue, conclude, (prep) consequence; antonyms (n) beginning, maintenance, opening, (v) start, begin, continue, 6. peak (doruk, zirve); synonyms (n) crest, maximum, acme, climax, extreme, height, mountain, prime, summit, tip, bill, bloom, culmination, flush, (adj) cliff; antonyms (n) nadir, base, trough, 7. limit (sınır); synonyms (n) bound, brink, compass, (v) border, restrict, circumscribe, confine, curb, restrain, abridge, check, constrain, curtail, cramp, (prep) extent; antonyms (n) center, extension, minimum, (v) broaden, extend. uçak 1. aircraft (uçaklar); synonyms (n) airplane, airliner, craft, plane, vessel, airship, blimp, boat, dirigible, hydroplane, jumbo, vehicle, zeppelin, jet, seaplane, 2. aeroplane; synonym (n) sheet, 3. plane (planya); synonyms (n) face, aeroplane, aircraft, degree, stage, surface, facet, (v) flatten, shave, (adj) level, even, flat, horizontal, smooth, flush, 4. craft; synonyms (n) ability, art, cunning, trade, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice, business, deceit, job, occupation, profession, skill, 5. kite (uçurtma); synonyms (n) parachute, epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram. uçaklar aircraft (uçak); synonyms (n) airplane, airliner, craft, plane, vessel, airship, blimp, boat, dirigible, hydroplane, jumbo, vehicle, zeppelin, jet, seaplane. uçan flying; synonyms (adj) fast, fluttering, quick, rapid, swift, aflare, flaring, moving, (n) fly, flight.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English uçbirim terminal (terminal); synonyms (adj) final, last, definitive, endmost, fatal, concluding, incurable, (n) depot, end, extremity, terminus, boundary, station, destination. Uçma 1. fly (sinek, uçmak); synonyms (v) escape, dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. flight (uçuş); synonyms (n) herd, flying, run, avolation, exodus, elopement, evasion, departure, aviation, flock, retreat, (adj) bevy, drove, cloud, (v) bolt. uçmak 1. fly (sinek); synonyms (v) escape, dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 2. wing (ek bina, kanat); synonyms (n) annex, arm, fender, limb, pinion, flank, extension, pennon, feather, faction, sail, shelter, branch, (v) fly, soar. ucube monster; synonyms (n) giant, beast, brute, demon, devil, fiend, freak, behemoth, colossus, monstrosity, ogre, prodigy, chimera, (adj) huge, stupendous. uçucu volatile; synonyms (adj) changeable, erratic, frivolous, unstable, mercurial, giddy, capricious, flighty, variable, inconstant, excitable, unsteady, airy, light, (v) fickle; antonym (adj) stable. uçurmak fly (sinek, uçmak); synonyms (v) escape, dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst. uçurtma kite; synonyms (n) parachute, airplane, epistle, former, letter, slip, (v) scram. uçurum 1. cliff; synonyms (n) bluff, precipice, hill, mountain, promontory, (adj) wall, 2. gulf; synonyms (n) abyss, chasm, bay, cove, abysm, inlet, pit, ravine, rift, hollow. uçuş 1. flight; synonyms (n) escape, herd, flying, run, avolation, exodus, elopement, evasion, departure, aviation, flock, retreat, (adj) bevy, drove, (v) bolt, 2. fly (sinek, uçmak); synonyms (v) dash, drive, flee, glide, elope, aviate, dart, flutter, hop, hover, hurry, (n) flap, (adj) break, flit, burst, 3. flying; synonyms (adj) fast, fluttering, quick, rapid, swift, aflare, flaring, moving, (n) fly, flight. ucuz 1. cheap; synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious, 2. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, feeble, (adv) gentle, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, loud, important, piercing, (n) high. ucuza cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable,

465

shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious. Ucuzluk sale (satış); synonyms (n) fair, disposal, demand, market, vend, vendition, outlet, carnival, contract, dealings, emission, escape, festival, fête, (adj) cheap. ufacık 1. tiny; synonyms (adj) little, minute, diminutive, infinitesimal, midget, petite, petty, puny, slight, teeny, exiguous, baby, insignificant, (phr) minuscule, small; antonyms (adj) enormous, huge, gigantic, vast, large, 2. wee; synonyms (adj) tiny, teensy, weeny, bittie, bitty, miniature, teentsy, (n) pee, (v) piss, make, piddle. ufak little (az); synonyms (adj) small, diminutive, insignificant, brief, minute, petty, short, some, tiny, exiguous, light, baby, bantam, (v) dash, bit; antonyms (adj) big, enormous, large, important. ufuk horizon; synonyms (n) perspective, prospect, purview, reach, skyline, view, vista, amphitheater, arena, boundary, circle, eyeshot, aspect, distance, panorama. uğramak receive (almak, kabul etmek); synonyms (v) accept, admit, get, assume, adopt, bear, have, obtain, welcome, make, acknowledge, embrace, gather, greet, take. uğraş 1. profession; synonyms (n) confession, declaration, employment, occupation, affirmation, calling, career, job, vocation, position, assertion, assurance, avowal, business, craft, 2. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle, (v) fight, attempt, dispute, endeavor, labor, quarrel; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. uğraşmak 1. tackle; synonyms (v) handle, harness, undertake, attempt, stop, struggle, grapple, (n) gear, equipment, rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, apparatus, outfit; antonym (v) avoid, 2. seek (aramak); synonyms (v) search, endeavor, hunt, look, inquire, aspire, beg, explore, pursue, quest, investigate, research, follow, demand, (n) ask, 3. struggle; synonyms (n) contest, battle, combat, conflict, strain, effort, exertion, scramble, scuffle, encounter, (v) fight, dispute, labor, quarrel, contend; antonyms (v) flourish, glide. uğuldamak sing (ötmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn, chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak. uğurlu lucky; synonyms (adj) auspicious, favorable, propitious, prosperous, favourable, successful, flourishing, advantageous, blessed, chance, good, providential, (n) happy, favored, (v) fortunate; antonyms (adj) unlucky, hapless, ill-fated, unfortunate. uğursuz evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, (n) damage, adversity,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

466

Turkish - English

detriment, disaster, depravity, malice; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness. ulam category (kategori); synonyms (n) class, denomination, division, kind, type, variety, form, group, level, sort, cohort, plight, brand, breed, classification. ulaşma accession; synonyms (n) addition, acceptance, augmentation, increase, access, accretion, acquisition, agreement, arrival, assent, coming, entrance, increment. ulaşmak 1. reach (uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent, gain, 2. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, benefit, derive, catch, earn, win, advance, reach, find, come, (n) profit, earnings, acquisition, advantage, addition; antonyms (v) lose, (n) loss, 3. come (gelmek); synonyms (v) approach, become, aggregate, appear, arise, arrive, fall, befall, amount, descend, go, hail, number, originate, rise; antonym (v) leave, 4. arrive (varmak); synonyms (v) mature, land, succeed, show, emerge, enter, happen, issue, prosper, disembark; antonym (v) depart, 5. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision, play; antonyms (n) failure, flop. ulu 1. grand (büyük); synonyms (adj) excellent, gorgeous, dignified, elevated, eminent, exalted, important, majestic, superb, beautiful, high, massive, (n) glorious, noble, (v) great; antonyms (adj) unimpressive, humble, modest, 2. supreme; synonyms (adj) dominant, maximum, paramount, head, chief, sovereign, consummate, extreme, preeminent, principal, superlative, uppermost, main, prime, (n) utmost; antonym (adj) minor. uluma bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. ulumak bay (koy); synonyms (n) alcove, bark, recess, cry, harbor, fiord, sound, cove, embayment, gulf, (adj) brown, (v) yap, roar, bellow, howl. ulus 1. nation; synonyms (n) state, country, kingdom, commonwealth, community, land, people, nationality, public, tribe, clan, folk, republic, race, territory, 2. people (halk); synonyms (n) nation, family, multitude, populace, mob, flock, citizenry, crowd, inhabitants, kin, (v) inhabit, occupy, reside, dwell, live, 3. country (ülke); synonyms (n) home, area, place, realm, region, soil, district, province, terrain, arena, (adj) rural, rustic, provincial, arable, pastoral; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 4. commonwealth; synonyms (n) commonweal, society, democracy. ulusal national; synonyms (adj) internal, domestic, home, civil, interior, ethnic, federal, native, public,

civic, racial, (n) citizen, local, subject, inhabitant; antonyms (adj) international, foreign, private, (n) foreigner. uluslararası international; synonyms (adj) worldwide, global, intercontinental, universal, external, away, broad, comprehensive, extensive, extraneous, important, major, outside, significant, sweeping; antonyms (adj) national, insular, local. umma 1. anticipation; synonyms (n) expectation, forecast, hope, foresight, prevention, hopefulness, expectancy, foretaste, forethought, precaution, prediction, presentiment, prevision, (v) outlook, prospect; antonym (n) despair, 2. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n) anticipation, belief, confidence, possibility, trust, faith, probability, suspense, thought, optimism. ummak 1. hope (umut); synonyms (v) trust, anticipate, confide, expect, wish, await, look, (n) aspiration, belief, desire, expectation, faith, anticipation, confidence, expectancy; antonyms (v) despair, (n) reality, 2. anticipate; synonyms (v) antedate, forecast, forestall, foretell, think, calculate, estimate, apprehend, divine, guess, predict, presume, prevent, intercept, envision. umumi general (genel); synonyms (adj) common, comprehensive, national, universal, broad, commonplace, current, ecumenical, public, average, communal, (n) chief, commander, (v) customary, frequent; antonyms (adj) specific, individual, narrow, (n) particular. umut 1. hope (ummak); synonyms (v) trust, anticipate, confide, expect, wish, await, look, (n) aspiration, belief, desire, expectation, faith, anticipation, confidence, expectancy; antonyms (v) despair, (n) reality, 2. prospect; synonyms (n) outlook, view, aspect, hope, lookout, perspective, possibility, chance, future, likelihood, panorama, picture, probability, scene, forecast; antonym (n) past, 3. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n) prospect, suspense, thought, optimism. umutla hopefully; synonyms (adv) auspiciously, favorably, positively, anxiously, brightly, cheerfully, confidently, eagerly, encouragingly, excitedly, keenly, nicely, sanguinely, well; antonyms (adv) hopelessly, wearily. umutlu hopeful; synonyms (adj) cheerful, confident, auspicious, bright, optimistic, buoyant, expectant, likely, probable, rosy, sanguine, upbeat, (n) candidate, applicant, aspirant; antonyms (adj) hopeless, desperate, pessimistic, gloomy, pained. umutsuz 1. hopeless; synonyms (adj) despairing, despondent, forlorn, incurable, disconsolate, abject, desperate, impossible, useless, dismal, desolate, futile, helpless, inadequate, incompetent; antonyms (adj) hopeful, cheerful, competent, promising, 2. desperate; synonyms (adj) hopeless, dire, critical,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English awful, drastic, furious, grave, miserable, rank, reckless, serious, terrible, extreme. umutsuzluk despair; synonyms (n) desolation, disappointment, dejection, depression, desperation, discouragement, dismay, gloom, melancholy, pessimism, anguish, despondency, distress, hopelessness, sorrow; antonyms (n) happiness, hopefulness, expectation, joy, (v) hope. un flour; synonyms (n) flower, (v) powder, (adj) meal, bran, paddy, rice, spore, sporule. unsur element; synonyms (n) component, constituent, ingredient, factor, substance, fundamental, feature, matter, origin, part, unit, cause, module, point, article. unutmak forget; synonyms (v) disregard, leave, bury, ignore, neglect, overlook, fail, abandon, lose, omit, slight, block; antonym (v) remember.

unutmamak remember (anımsamak, hatırlamak); synonyms (v) commemorate, recognize, recall, recollect, consider, record, remind, retain, think, review, ponder, mark, imagine, refresh, cite; antonym (v) forget. unutulmaz memorable; synonyms (adj) extraordinary, notable, signal, unforgettable, eventful, momentous, monumental, noteworthy, striking; antonym (adj) forgettable. unvan title; synonyms (n) call, designation, caption, claim, designate, appellation, denomination, epithet, interest, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj) right, ownership. ur 1. growth (büyüme); synonyms (n) development, accretion, augmentation, evolution, gain, increase, enlargement, germination, accumulation, accession, addition, advance, improvement, increment, (v) grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction, weakening, decline, 2. tumour; synonyms (n) tumor, neoplasm, gall, 3. vegetation; synonyms (n) flora, growth, plants, foliage, quietism, plant, bushes, flowers, idleness, shrubs, undergrowth, grass, leaves. uranyum uranium; synonyms (v) radiation, radioactivity, tritium, plutonium, radium, radon. urgan rope (ip); synonyms (n) cable, lasso, lariat, noose, cord, hawser, leash, line, string, tape, lace, tether, thread, (v) tie, bind. us reason; synonyms (n) mind, account, intellect, occasion, argument, object, purpose, rationality, understanding, basis, (v) cause, argue, debate, conclude, deduce. uşak 1. servant; synonyms (n) attendant, domestic, boy, employee, retainer, follower, handmaid, help, henchman, minister, messenger, dependent, vassal, slave, drudge, 2. man (adam, erkek, insan); synonyms (n) fellow, gentleman, guy, person, husband, homo, human, humanity, humankind, humans, individual, mankind, mortal, (obj) he, male; antonym (n) woman.

467

uşaklık service (hizmet); synonyms (n) help, aid, assistance, avail, employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist, attendance. usandırma harassment; synonyms (n) torment, badgering, bedevilment, anxiety, molestation, worry, harass, worrying, anguish, agony, distraction, provocation, curse, devastation, difficulty. usanmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh. usanmış sick (hasta); synonyms (adj) ill, queasy, ailing, indisposed, poorly, weary, invalid, diseased, morbid, sickly, nauseous, poor, crazy, disgusted, (v) unwell; antonyms (adj) well, healthy. uslu good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, right, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad. ussal rational; synonyms (adj) intellectual, reasonable, intelligent, judicious, logical, sane, mental, just, practical, sagacious, sensible, sober, sound, wise, lucid; antonyms (adj) irrational, illogical, anxious. usta 1. skilled; synonyms (adj) adept, experienced, expert, practiced, skillful, able, accomplished, clever, competent, dexterous, proficient, old, adroit, capable, learned; antonyms (adj) inept, incompetent, inexperienced, 2. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, authority, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, 3. intelligent (akıllı); synonyms (adj) alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted, rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowing, knowledgeable, quick, smart; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid, 4. expert (bilirkişi, uzman); synonyms (adj) apt, deft, veteran, efficient, good, ready, skilled, specialist, (n) professional, critic, connoisseur, dab, whiz, wizard, (v) judge; antonyms (adj) unskilled, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner, 5. clever; synonyms (adj) acute, intelligent, ingenious, sharp, artful, brainy, cagey, cagy, neat, nimble, sagacious, shrewd, wily, wise, (v) brisk; antonyms (adj) clumsy, dull, 6. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant, 7. wise (akıllı, bilge); synonyms (adj) judicious, reasonable, prudent, sound, discreet, sane, discerning, thoughtful, sage, sapient, diplomatic, logical, (n) method, manner, way; antonyms (adj) foolish, unwise. ustalık 1. art (sanat); synonyms (n) know-how, skill, talent, trick, artistry, craft, dexterity, science,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

468

Turkish - English

accomplishment, aptitude, artfulness, trade, work, address, adroitness, 2. skill; synonyms (n) artifice, ability, capability, capacity, knack, faculty, finesse, cleverness, competence, cunning, expertise, facility, handicraft, proficiency, (adj) art; antonyms (n) clumsiness, inability, incompetence.

usul 1. order (düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, class, condition, disposition, edict, (v) direct, commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 2. method (yöntem); synonyms (n) course, fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom, formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device, means, mode, 3. way (yol); synonyms (n) method, path, passage, road, route, track, direction, style, habit, pathway, bearing, channel, headway, lane, (v) practice, 4. rule (kural); synonyms (n) govern, dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate, reign, authority, government, line, precept, (v) control, influence, dominate, measure. usulsüz irregular; synonyms (adj) abnormal, atypical, anomalous, broken, eccentric, erratic, changeable, desultory, deviant, disorderly, guerilla, sporadic, strange, unequal, (n) guerrilla; antonyms (adj) regular, constant, even, normal, smooth, symmetrical, compact, cyclic, equal, steady. utanç shame (ayıp); synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor. utandırmak shame (ayıp); synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor. utangaç shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. utanma shame (ayıp); synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor. utku 1. victory (zafer); synonyms (n) triumph, conquest, success, mastery, subjugation, superiority, achievement, expugnation, feat; antonyms (n) defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2. triumph; synonyms (n) glory, exultation, victory, accomplishment, celebration, (v) exult, prevail,

crow, joy, rejoice, win, succeed, gloat, conquer, delight; antonyms (n) sorrow, (v) fail, lose. uyan corresponding; synonyms (adj) congruent, comparable, equal, same, similar, commensurate, consonant, alike, analogous, correspondent, equivalent, like, matching, parallel, complementary; antonym (adj) different. uyandırmak 1. awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen, sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken, rouse, stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep, unconscious, comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. wake; synonyms (v) awake, excite, provoke, vigil, kindle, evoke, raise, watch, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave, aftermath, consequence; antonym (v) sleep. uyanık 1. awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen, sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken, rouse, stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep, unconscious, comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. alert (uyarmak); synonyms (adj) active, agile, quick, lively, vigilant, clever, animated, bright, brisk, careful, cautious, (v) awake, caution, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, tired, slow, unalert, 3. conscious (bilinçli); synonyms (adj) calculated, cognizant, deliberate, mindful, premeditated, intended, discerning, self-conscious, intentional, knowing, knowledgeable, known, purposeful, sensible, studied; antonyms (adj) unaware, ignorant, 4. wary; synonyms (adj) prudent, circumspect, guarded, suspicious, chary, leery, shy, distrustful, discreet, thoughtful, wakeful, cagey, heedful, watchful, (v) judicious; antonyms (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless. uyanış revival; synonyms (n) recovery, renewal, restoration, resurgence, resurrection, rally, regeneration, renaissance, revitalization, rebirth, reinstatement, reprint, reproduction, return, revivification; antonyms (n) decline, disappearance. uyanmak 1. awake; synonyms (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen, sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken, rouse, stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep, unconscious, comatose, sleeping, sleepy, 2. wake; synonyms (v) awake, excite, provoke, vigil, kindle, evoke, raise, watch, (n) train, trail, backwash, track, wave, aftermath, consequence; antonym (v) sleep. uyanmış awake (uyanmak); synonyms (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, aware, intelligent, keen, sleepless, (v) arouse, wake, awaken, waken, rouse, stimulate, stir; antonyms (adj) asleep, unconscious, comatose, sleeping, sleepy. uyaran stimulus; synonyms (n) incentive, encouragement, provocation, spur, motivation, impulse, inducement, stimulant, stimulation, inspiration, urge, goad, impetus, incitement, motive.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English uyarı 1. warning (ihtar); synonyms (n) notice, advice, caution, indication, example, lesson, admonition, caveat, hint, premonition, sign, alarm, counsel, (adj) monitory, cautionary; antonym (adj) encouraging, 2. caution; synonyms (n) carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, attention, circumspection, forethought, prudence, judiciousness, monition, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 3. notice; synonyms (n) advertisement, declaration, information, mind, heed, message, observation, (v) note, look, attend, detect, discover, distinguish, find, mark; antonyms (v) disregard, ignore. uyarıcı exciting; synonyms (adj) excited, breathtaking, exhilarating, impressive, moving, provocative, rousing, stirring, dramatic, emotional, agitated, absorbing, arousing, electric, fascinating; antonyms (adj) boring, dull, bland, insipid, monotonous, uninteresting, unexciting. uyarım stimulation; synonyms (n) excitation, incentive, arousal, encouragement, excitement, goad, inspiration, provocation, rousing, stimulant, stimulus, motivation, kick, exhilaration, foreplay. uyarlama 1. version (çeviri); synonyms (n) reading, translation, construction, interpretation, rendering, rendition, variation, account, description, variant, lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase, 2. adaptation; synonyms (n) accommodation, adjustment, alteration, version, reworking, adaption, conversion, fitness, modification. uyarlamak adapt; synonyms (v) adjust, accommodate, acclimate, fashion, alter, arrange, assimilate, change, edit, familiarize, gear, modify, shape, suit, (adj) fit. uyarma 1. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection, counsel, (v) care, warn, admonish, advise; antonyms (n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 2. stimulation; synonyms (n) excitation, incentive, arousal, encouragement, excitement, goad, inspiration, provocation, rousing, stimulant, stimulus, motivation, kick, exhilaration, foreplay. uyarmak 1. alert; synonyms (adj) active, agile, quick, aware, intelligent, lively, vigilant, clever, alive, animated, attentive, bright, (v) awake, (n) alarm, alarum; antonyms (adj) drowsy, inattentive, absentminded, dazed, sleepy, tired, asleep, slow, unalert, unconscious, 2. warn; synonyms (v) admonish, advise, caution, counsel, inform, alert, threaten, exhort, notify, reprove, tell, deter, discourage, dissuade, instruct, 3. caution; synonyms (n) advice, carefulness, precaution, vigilance, wariness, warning, admonition, attention, caveat, circumspection, forethought, prudence, judiciousness, (v) care, warn; antonyms

469

(n) recklessness, carelessness, rashness, 4. stimulate (teşvik etmek); synonyms (v) excite,

incite, arouse, encourage, enliven, inspire, prompt, provoke, animate, awaken, drive, energize, exhilarate, goad, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) defuse. uydu satellite; synonyms (n) follower, moon, planet, attendant, orbiter, disciple, secondary, cohort, hanger-on, colony, dependency, inferior, (adj) ancillary, collateral, concomitant. uydurma 1. fiction; synonyms (n) fabrication, fable, falsehood, invention, lie, story, falsity, figment, novel, romance, sham, deceit, fib, forgery, legend; antonym (n) truth, 2. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance, conception, creation, fiction, imagination, discovery, artifice, design, device, excogitation, innovation, creativity, fantasy, idea, breakthrough. uydurmak 1. adjust (ayarlamak); synonyms (v) temper, accommodate, adapt, align, acclimatize, balance, fit, fix, reconcile, regulate, set, alter, arrange, (adj) dress, (n) square, 2. adapt (uyarlamak); synonyms (v) adjust, acclimate, fashion, assimilate, change, edit, familiarize, gear, modify, shape, suit, tailor, accustom, conform, convert, 3. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, meet, correspond, accord, befit, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, becoming, decent, good, (n) convulsion, attack, burst; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 4. frame (çerçeve); synonyms (n) design, border, build, anatomy, chassis, (v) form, construct, fabricate, draft, erect, make, forge, constitute, contrive, fabric, 5. gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, thing, (v) harness, 6. square (kare); synonyms (adj) right, even, rectangular, fair, quadrate, straight, equal, equitable, (n) area, foursquare, rectangle, quadrilateral, block, (v) settle, (adv) just, 7. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition, cause, courtship, prayer, request, (v) answer, become, match, please, satisfy, harmonize. uygar civil; synonyms (adj) polite, courteous, civic, affable, gracious, mannerly, municipal, obliging, public, civilised, attentive, complaisant, considerate, courtly, domestic; antonyms (adj) rude, abrupt. uygarlık civilization; synonyms (n) culture, refinement, civilisation, cultivation, enlightenment, humanity, (adj) civility. Uygula apply (uygulamak); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n) give. uygulama 1. application; synonyms (n) plea, appeal, appliance, concentration, demand, diligence, effort, exercise, petition, request, use, attention,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

470

Turkish - English

administration, call, claim, 2. practice; synonyms (n) fashion, convention, discipline, experience, habit, form, observance, application, employment, performance, process, (v) custom, drill, act, apply, 3. enforcement; synonyms (n) coercion, execution, compulsion, constraint, duress, force, coaction, press, effect, overflow, fulfilling, impulsion, insistence, lash, necessitation, 4. exercise (alıştırma); synonyms (n) practice, play, movement, action, activity, example, function, operation, rehearsal, (v) employ, exert, train, educate, do, utilize, 5. execution; synonyms (n) accomplishment, achievement, enforcement, implementation, discharge, executing, doing, effectuation, completion, murder, end, consummation, feat, fulfillment, killing, 6. implementation; synonyms (n) acceptance, functioning, agreement, approval, assumption, completing, effecting, embracing, espousal, running, working. uygulamak 1. apply (Uygula); synonyms (v) dedicate, devote, employ, ask, consume, exercise, resort, use, utilize, lay, appeal, address, administer, consecrate, (n) give, 2. enforce; synonyms (v) coerce, compel, constrain, apply, drive, execute, implement, impose, dispense, effect, impress, accomplish, enjoin, (n) force, assert, 3. implement (alet, araç); synonyms (v) fulfil, enforce, fulfill, complete, perform, discharge, realize, (n) tool, apparatus, utensil, appliance, device, instrument, gadget, organ, 4. realize (gerçekleştirmek); synonyms (v) achieve, discover, attain, appreciate, know, make, recognize, sense, obtain, learn, apprehend, clear, comprehend, do, earn. uygulamalı practical; synonyms (adj) operative, practicable, efficient, feasible, functional, pragmatic, realistic, helpful, active, expedient, handy, positive, sensible, useful, workable; antonyms (adj) impractical, theoretical, unrealistic, useless, impossible. uygulanabilir 1. applicable; synonyms (adj) relevant, germane, pertinent, proper, suitable, applicative, applicatory, appropriate, apropos, available, fitting, relative, admissible, (n) felicitous, happy; antonyms (adj) unsuitable, irrelevant, 2. practicable; synonyms (adj) feasible, possible, operable, practical, achievable, doable, executable, viable, workable, attainable, likely, handy, realizable, usable, useful; antonym (adj) impossible.

uygun 1. appropriate (ayırmak, kendine mal etmek); synonyms (adj) pertinent, proper, true, agreeable, apposite, apt, congruous, correct, particular, peculiar, right, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, unrelated, untimely, wrong, (v) surrender, 2. apt; synonyms (adj) appropriate, adroit, apropos, intelligent, good, able, adequate, convenient,

dexterous, efficient, fit, ready, smart, clever, deft, 3. suitable; synonyms (adj) eligible, desirable, fitting, due, decorous, respectable, fitted, befitting, compatible, competent, decent, expedient, opportune, (n) seasonable, (v) becoming; antonym (adj) improper, 4. adequate (yeterli); synonyms (adj) sufficient, acceptable, enough, condign, effectual, passable, satisfactory, equal, fair, full, qualified, ample, capable, commensurate, corresponding; antonyms (adj) inadequate, insufficient, unsatisfactory, 5. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, befit, (adj) applicable, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack, burst; antonyms (adj) unfit, unwell, 6. favourable; synonyms (adj) advantageous, auspicious, encouraging, favorable, lucky, prosperous, comfortable, easy, booming, flourishing, golden, halcyon, prospering, roaring, supporting, 7. eligible (seçilebilir); synonyms (adj) licensed, experienced, practiced, privileged, single, skilled, trained, unmarried, authorized, certified, discretionary, employable, marriageable, nubile, (n) bachelor; antonym (adj) ineligible, 8. convenient; synonyms (adj) commodious, handy, near, nearby, timely, useful, snug, available, close, happy, helpful, pat, propitious, serviceable, suitable; antonyms (adj) inconvenient, fixed, unwieldy, useless, 9. consistent; synonyms (adj) coherent, uniform, constant, logical, conformable, consonant, regular, unchanging, concurrent, unvarying, accordant, equable, firm, invariable, legitimate; antonyms (adj) inconsistent, erratic, contradictory, illogical, unpredictable, unreliable, 10. becoming; synonyms (adj) seemly, relevant, comely, handsome, attractive, graceful, modest, nice; antonym (adj) unbecoming, 11. proper; synonyms (adj) just, neat, exact, formal, honest, individual, moral, reasonable, valid, accurate, felicitous, justifiable, equitable, ethical, permissible; antonyms (adj) unseemly, rude, 12. happy (memnun, mutlu); synonyms (adj) fortunate, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, blithe, bright, carefree, cheerful, cheery, convivial, delightful, (n) blessed; antonyms (adj) unhappy, sad, dejected, depressed, miserable, sorrowful, 13. due; synonyms (adj) lawful, owed, payable, unpaid, unsettled, legal, (adv) directly, (v) owing, (n) debt, duty, privilege, tax, desert, claim, levy; antonyms (adj) paid, undue, 14. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) benefit, delicious, excellent, fine, superior, well, generous, gentle, admirable, beneficent, beneficial, benevolent, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 15. applicable; synonyms (adj) germane, applicative, applicatory, relative, admissible; antonym (adj) irrelevant, 16. compatible

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (uyumlu); synonyms (adj) congruent, congenial, sympathetic, harmonious, (n) consistent; antonym (adj) incompatible, 17. acceptable; synonyms (adj) grateful, palatable, tolerable, welcome, accepted, advisable, allowable, believable, enjoyable, pleasant, pleasing, presentable, bearable, (n) lief; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, disagreeable, forbidden, unbearable, unwelcome, 18. decent; synonyms (adj) chaste, straight, clean, courteous, delicate, gracious, honorable, upright, virtuous, worthy, average, pure, wholesome, (adv) decently, properly; antonyms (adj) immoral, unwholesome, disreputable, filthy, indecent, 19. relevant; synonyms (adj) important, material, crucial, related, significant, 20. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, amply, (adj) healthy, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit, hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly, (adj) sick, dying, nauseous. uygunluk 1. fitness; synonyms (n) ability, adequacy, appropriateness, aptness, capability, propriety, correspondence, competence, competency, convenience, correctness, fittingness, health, qualification, congruity; antonyms (n) unsuitability, inability, unfitness, 2. correspondence (yazışma); synonyms (n) conformity, accord, agreement, communication, connection, coincidence, concord, affinity, analogy, equality, equivalence, parallel, parallelism, resemblance, similarity; antonyms (n) difference, asymmetry, dissimilarity, 3. convenience; synonyms (n) advantage, contrivance, accommodation, opportunity, appliance, comfort, fitness, leisure, occasion, utility, amenity, benefit, easement, expediency, gadget; antonym (n) inconvenience, 4. accord (ahenk, anlaşma); synonyms (n) assent, consensus, harmony, consonance, concurrence, (v) agree, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict. uygunsuz 1. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, false, ill, improper, bad, inappropriate, incorrect, abuse, criminal, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, crime; antonyms (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (v) right, (n) justice, 2. unsuitable; synonyms (adj) inapplicable, unfit, inapt, inopportune, unbecoming, undesirable, wrong, inconvenient, incompatible, indecorous, unseasonable, ineligible, inept, incongruous, awkward; antonyms (adj) suitable, appropriate, applicable. uyku sleep (uyumak); synonyms (n) nap, doze, kip, slumber, lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose, catnap, hibernate, nod, lodge, snooze, quiet. uyluk thigh; synonym (n) drumstick. uyma 1. compliance; synonyms (n) agreement, approval, observance, accordance, acquiescence,

471

complaisance, consent, obedience, accord, assent, compliancy, deference, submission, flexibility, yielding; antonyms (n) disobedience, stubbornness, nonconformity, 2. fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion, attack; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell. uymak 1. fit; synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell, 2. obey (itaat etmek); synonyms (v) follow, comply, mind, heed, listen, keep, fulfill, hear, conform, serve, mark, observe, respect, submit; antonyms (v) disobey, break, defy, 3. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition, cause, courtship, (v) fit, answer, become, match, please, satisfy, befit, harmonize, 4. observe; synonyms (v) celebrate, comment, notice, commemorate, guard, behold, discover, look, mention, note, see, feel, attend, detect, discern; antonym (v) ignore, 5. match (eş, kibrit); synonyms (n) equal, competition, couple, duplicate, peer, bout, contest, (v) mate, parallel, harmonise, balance, fellow, pair, coincide, equalize; antonyms (v) clash, contradict, 6. conform; synonyms (v) assimilate, acquiesce, frame, obey, acclimate, assent, reconcile, integrate; antonyms (v) deviate, differ, 7. gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, thing, (v) harness, 8. comply; synonyms (v) accede, consent, accept, allow, defer, perform, yield. uymama breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack, crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene, fissure; antonym (n) observance. uymamak break (mola); synonyms (v) split, crack, burst, fail, infringe, leak, (n) breach, fracture, pause, rupture, stop, collapse, interruption, respite, suspension; antonyms (v) repair, obey, honor, mend, (n) continuation. uyruk subject (konu, özne); synonyms (n) matter, citizen, affair, dependent, inferior, issue, motif, question, point, area, content, discipline, field, (adj) liable, exposed; antonym (adj) liberated. uysal 1. soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, easy, light, limp, balmy, delicate, quiet, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, harsh, loud, hoarse, rough, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong, 2. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj) comfortable, convenient, familiar, graceful, lenient, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy, easygoing, effortless, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, demanding, laborious, burdensome, particular,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

472

Turkish - English

strenuous, tough, awkward, formal, testing, uneasy. uysallık flexibility; synonyms (n) pliability, spring, adaptability, elasticity, suppleness, litheness, malleability, tractability, versatility, bendability; antonyms (n) inflexibility, obstinacy, rigidity, stubbornness, severity. uyum 1. harmony (ahenk); synonyms (n) accord, conformity, consonance, agreement, concord, correspondence, accordance, congruity, consistency, amity, concordance, tune, understanding, (v) concert, peace; antonyms (n) dissonance, discord, argument, conflict, disagreement, 2. consistency (tutarlılık); synonyms (n) consistence, body, coherence, congruence, density, uniformity, compatibility, consentaneousness, firmness, fitness, harmony, keeping, steadiness, unity; antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy, 3. accord (ahenk, anlaşma); synonyms (n) assent, consensus, concurrence, (v) agree, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise, confer, consort; antonym (n) strife, 4. concert (konser); synonyms (n) performance, recital, unison, (v) arrange, contrive, manage, 5. tune; synonyms (n) melody, song, strain, air, note, music, sound, tone, line, (v) regulate, chant, attune, string, service. Uyuma sleep (uyumak); synonyms (n) nap, doze, kip, slumber, lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose, catnap, hibernate, nod, lodge, snooze, quiet. uyumak sleep; synonyms (n) nap, doze, kip, slumber, lie, dream, siesta, (v) rest, repose, catnap, hibernate, nod, lodge, snooze, quiet. uyumlu 1. compatible; synonyms (adj) agreeable, congruent, accordant, congenial, sympathetic, becoming, congruous, consonant, harmonious, suitable, (n) consistent; antonym (adj) incompatible, 2. musical; synonyms (adj) melodious, melodic, canorous, sweet, tuneful, pleasing; antonym (adj) discordant. uyuşma 1. agreement (anlaşma); synonyms (n) accord, acquiescence, concord, accordance, coincidence, contract, acceptance, appointment, arrangement, compliance, confirmation, conformity, correspondence, covenant, settlement; antonyms (n) disagreement, argument, conflict, discord, rejection, dispute, resistance, 2. bargain; synonyms (n) agreement, deal, treaty, buy, chaffer, compact, promise, purchase, steal, (v) exchange, agree, stipulate, trade, traffic, (adj) cheap; antonym (n) rip-off, 3. alliance (ittifak); synonyms (n) connection, league, affinity, association, combination, confederacy, union, affiliation, alignment, alinement, coalition, merger, organization, society, amalgamation; antonym (n) nonalignment.

uyuşmak 1. mix; synonyms (n) mixture, concoction, (v) alloy, blend, intermingle, mingle, combine, compound, confound, intermix, join, meld, merge, aggregate, admix; antonym (v) separate, 2. agree; synonyms (v) accord, admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, accede, bargain, concord, correspond, fit, harmonize, suit, compromise, align, (n) coincide; antonyms (v) disagree, oppose, differ, argue, object, refuse, refute. uyuşmaz inconsistent; synonyms (adj) incongruous, incoherent, incompatible, contrary, absurd, conflicting, inconsequent, discordant, discrepant, erratic, illogical, irreconcilable, abhorrent, changeable, (n) contradictory; antonyms (adj) consistent, constant, reliable. uyuşmazlık disagreement; synonyms (n) difference, discrepancy, conflict, discord, dispute, dissidence, argument, contention, dissension, scrap, variance, battle, antagonism, altercation, clash; antonyms (n) agreement, accord, harmony. uyuşuk lazy (tembel); synonyms (adj) indolent, idle, inert, drowsy, inactive, shiftless, dull, faineant, remiss, slothful, slow, sluggish, leisurely, sluggard, tardy; antonyms (adj) energetic, diligent, active. uzağa 1. away (uzakta); synonyms (adv) apart, absent, aside, aloof, by, forth, way, hence, (adj) abroad, distant, wide, gone, missing, (int) out, off, 2. far (uzak); synonyms (adv) widely, well, astray, (adj) faraway, remote, much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms (adv) close, briefly, (adj) near. uzak 1. far; synonyms (adv) wide, off, widely, well, astray, (adj) distant, aloof, faraway, remote, much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonyms (adv) close, briefly, (adj) near, 2. remote; synonyms (adj) detached, inaccessible, outside, faint, alien, far, foreign, isolated, lonely, secluded, unapproachable, away, extraneous, removed, slender; antonyms (adj) nearby, accessible, 3. distant; synonyms (adj) cold, chill, cool, reserved, long, icy, indifferent, standoffish, unfriendly, abstracted, deep, dull, formal, (adv) apart, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj) adjacent, friendly, neighboring, warm, pending, alert, intimate, involved, 4. away (uzakta); synonyms (adv) absent, aside, by, forth, way, hence, elsewhere, (adj) abroad, gone, missing, (int) out, 5. off (kapalı); synonyms (adv) beyond, over, abreast, (adj) bad, putrid, down, rotten, cancelled, decayed, sour, (n) murder, (int) begone; antonyms (adj) fresh, on. uzaklık distance; synonyms (n) remove, space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, period, place, range, (v) dissociate, outdistance, outstrip, (adj) length; antonyms (n) nearness, proximity, closeness, intimacy, (v) associate. uzakta 1. away; synonyms (adv) apart, absent, aside, aloof, by, forth, way, hence, (adj) abroad, distant,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English wide, gone, missing, (int) out, off, 2. off (kapalı); synonyms (adv) beyond, over, abreast, (adj) away, bad, putrid, remote, down, rotten, cancelled, decayed, sour, (n) murder, (int) begone; antonyms (adj) fresh, on, 3. distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) cold, chill, cool, detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, icy, indifferent, removed, standoffish, unfriendly, abstracted, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, friendly, near, nearby, neighboring, warm, pending, alert, intimate, involved, 4. far (uzak); synonyms (adv) widely, well, astray, (adj) much, outlying, (v) considerably, abundantly; antonym (adv) briefly. uzaktan distant (uzak); synonyms (adj) cold, aloof, remote, chill, cool, detached, far, reserved, long, faraway, icy, indifferent, removed, (adv) apart, (n) chilly; antonyms (adj) close, adjacent, friendly, near, nearby, neighboring, warm, pending, alert, intimate, involved.

uzamak extend (genişletmek, uzatmak); synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry, develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink. uzamsal spatial; synonym (adj) spacial. uzanma reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent, gain. uzanmak 1. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent, gain, 2. lie (yalan); synonyms (v) consist, repose, falsify, belong, couch, (n) fabrication, falsehood, falsity, fib, fiction, rest, untruth, bluff, counterfeit, deceit; antonyms (v) stand, (n) truth, 3. range (alan, erim); synonyms (n) area, array, reach, scope, domain, (v) line, arrange, order, rank, roam, group, ramble, wander, align, gad. uzantı extension (uzatma); synonyms (n) continuation, augmentation, enlargement, expansion, addition, increase, annex, elongation, expanse, stretch, development, amplification, annexe, circulation, dissemination; antonyms (n) limitation, contraction, limit. uzatılmış extensive; synonyms (adj) big, comprehensive, ample, broad, commodious, extended, considerable, copious, large, major, wide, capacious, long, roomy, sweeping; antonyms (adj) narrow, restricted, small, limited, minor, partial, short. uzatma 1. extension; synonyms (n) continuation, augmentation, enlargement, expansion, addition, increase, annex, elongation, expanse, stretch, development, amplification, annexe, circulation,

473

dissemination; antonyms (n) limitation, contraction, limit, 2. continuation (devam); synonyms (n) continuance, sequel, resumption, maintenance, postscript, duration, extension, supplement; antonyms (n) discontinuance, end. uzatmak 1. extend (genişletmek); synonyms (v) expand, enlarge, amplify, broaden, dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry, develop, increase, (adj) stretch; antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 2. reach (ulaşmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, touch, (n) fetch, compass, extent, gain, 3. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, aid, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant, provide, 4. continue (sürdürmek); synonyms (v) abide, remain, endure, keep, persevere, sustain, bide, be, last, maintain, persist, preserve, proceed, (n) hold, (adj) prolong; antonyms (v) stop, end, cease, discontinue, 5. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, disperse, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, propagate, deploy, distribute, open, (n) span, dissemination, expanse, expansion, feast; antonym (adj) concentrated, 6. stretch; synonyms (n) run, extension, effort, spell, area, space, exertion, scope, (v) strain, lengthen, draw, distend, pull, sprawl, crane. uzay space (alan, aralık, yer); synonyms (n) length, gap, opening, period, place, scope, void, margin, distance, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude, location, range. uzaysal spatial; synonym (adj) spacial. uzlaşma 1. compromise; synonyms (n) agreement, arrangement, bargain, accommodation, concession, settlement, understanding, adjustment, accord, appeasement, deal, arbitration, (v) compound, endanger, imperil; antonym (v) dispute, 2. reconciliation; synonyms (n) rapprochement, harmony, pacification, reconcilement, mediation, atonement, balancing, (v) concord, peace, 3. accord (ahenk, anlaşma); synonyms (n) assent, consensus, consonance, concurrence, (v) agree, consent, give, bestow, grant, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise, confer; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 4. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, colony, hamlet, payment, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, colonization, establishment, liquidation, village, reconciliation, regulation, colonisation. uzlaştırma accommodation; synonyms (n) adjustment, compromise, loan, lodging, adaptation, agreement, apartment, appeasement, convenience, ease, facility, fitting, housing, (v) advance, (adj) adaption.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

474

Turkish - English

uzman 1. expert (bilirkişi); synonyms (adj) adept, adroit, dexterous, skillful, able, clever, experienced, accomplished, ace, apt, (n) professional, proficient, critic, authority, connoisseur; antonyms (adj) unskilled, inept, inferior, untrained, (n) amateur, beginner, 2. specialist; synonyms (adj) expert, specialized, specialistic, choice, luxury, premium, super, (n) craftsman, doctor, epicurean, physician, source, specializer, analyst, buff, 3. authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, approval, 4. student (öğrenci); synonyms (n) scholar, learner, disciple, pupil, apprentice, novice, savant, trainee, educatee; antonym (n) teacher. uzmanlık expertise; synonyms (n) ability, capability, competence, competency, dexterity, knowledge, proficiency, skill, art, command, talent, aptitude, expertness, knack, prowess. uzun 1. long; synonyms (adj) extended, lengthy, dragging, far, (v) aspire, desire, hanker, languish, yearn, ache, hunger, wish, crave, (n) extensive, large; antonyms (adj) short, brief, 2. tall (yüksek); synonyms (adj) lofty, elevated, high, exalted, big, lanky, towering, eminent, unbelievable, strapping, long, exaggerated, gangling, grandiloquent, magniloquent; antonyms (adj) low, small. uzunluk 1. length (boy); synonyms (n) extent, distance, range, duration, compass, depth, dimension, longness, measurement, size, quantity, degree, (v) expanse, tract, area; antonyms (n) briefness, shortness, width, 2. extent; synonyms (n) extension, amplitude, amount, bulk, boundary, breadth, gauge, length, measure, purview, reach, scope, space, spread, capacity. uzuv member (üye); synonyms (n) limb, part, supporter, extremity, phallus, portion, appendage, employee, fellow, section, constituent, division, element, follower, associate.

Ü üç three; synonyms (n) leash, triplet, tercet, ternary, ternion, terzetto, third, lead, terce, tether, threesome, tierce, trey, triad, trine. üçgen triangle; synonyms (n) trigon, trilateral, reed, trident, triennium, trionym, triplopia, tripod, trireme, triseme, triskele, triskelion, trisula, wheel, xylophone. üçlü trio; synonyms (n) triad, threesome, triplet, three, trey, ternary, trine, trinity, leash, ternion, (adv) duet, duo, solo. ücret 1. pay (maaş, ödemek); synonyms (v) compensate, compensation, liquidate, yield, afford, clear, expend, give, (n) recompense, wage, earnings,

fee, salary, allowance, devote; antonym (v) owe, 2. fee; synonyms (n) commission, charge, premium, consideration, due, expense, payment, price, toll, cost, duty, excise, fees, fief, (v) tip, 3. wage (maaş); synonyms (n) pay, income, remuneration, stipend, (v) fight, engage, prosecute, pursue, hire, 4. payment (ödeme); synonyms (n) bonus, defrayal, installment, deposit, contribution, defrayment, money, refund, reparation, return, reward, bribe, cash, atonement, (adj) penalty; antonym (n) nonpayment, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, burden, care, command, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 6. rate (oran); synonyms (n) worth, pace, value, percentage, (v) assess, estimate, evaluate, appreciate, appraise, compute, count, calculate, merit, put, rank. ücretli paid; synonyms (v) compensated, (adj) gainful, paying, salaried, nonrecreational, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, apaid, compensable, hired, hireling, lucrative, rewarding; antonyms (adj) unpaid, due, owing.

Ücretsiz free (açık, bedava, boş, özgür, serbest, serbest bırakmak); synonyms (adj) loose, frank, liberal, (v) clear, exempt, liberate, discharge, excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, acquit, deliver, disengage, ease; antonyms (adj) bound, restricted, compelled, confined, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, tangled, attached, busy, (v) confine, block, cage. üçüncü third; synonyms (n) second, three, inquiry, leash, probe, question, terce, tercet, ternary, ternion, (adj) tertiary, least, tertial, (adv) thirdly, (v) interrogate. üflemek blow; synonyms (n) bang, beat, blast, knock, shock, wallop, gust, hit, jolt, (v) puff, bloom, blossom, pant, play, (adj) gasp; antonyms (v) calm, save. ülke 1. country; synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, place, realm, region, soil, territory, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban, 2. realm; synonyms (n) country, domain, field, arena, department, empire, ground, province, demesne, district, monarchy, orbit, range, sphere, dominion, 3. land (toprak); synonyms (n) estate, property, dirt, grounds, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop, arrive, bring, down, perch, secure, acquire; antonym (adj) aquatic, 4. domain (alan); synonyms (n) ambit, compass, county, discipline, space, class, expanse, line, manor, subject, 5. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) position, say, show, circumstances, condition, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm, allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private, 6. soil (toprak); synonyms (n) grime, dust, (v) smudge, blot, contaminate, dirty, pollute, mire, blemish, defile, foul, mould, smear, smirch, (adj) blur; antonym (v) clean. ülkü ideal; synonyms (adj) fanciful, perfect, consummate, abstract, classic, imaginary, typical, (n) model, paragon, example, apotheosis, archetype, epitome, perfection, prototype. ülser ulcer; synonyms (n) boil, ulceration, blister, carbuncle, cyst, spot, (v) canker, fester, ulcerate, (adj) sore, cancer. ümit 1. hope (ummak, umut); synonyms (v) trust, anticipate, confide, expect, wish, await, look, (n) aspiration, belief, desire, expectation, faith, anticipation, confidence, expectancy; antonyms (v) despair, (n) reality, 2. expectation (beklenti); synonyms (n) hope, prospect, outlook, possibility, forecast, probability, suspense, thought, optimism. ümitsiz hopeless; synonyms (adj) despairing, despondent, forlorn, incurable, disconsolate, abject, desperate, impossible, useless, dismal, desolate, futile, helpless, inadequate, incompetent; antonyms (adj) hopeful, cheerful, competent, promising. ün 1. fame; synonyms (n) credit, distinction, report, reputation, bruit, honor, prestige, renown, buzz, eminence, hearsay, kudos, (v) celebrity, cry, esteem; antonyms (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, 2. prominence; synonyms (n) hump, importance, protuberance, height, bulge, consequence, projection, fame, moment, bump, extrusion, gibbosity, jut, swelling, emphasis, 3. reputation; synonyms (n) name, face, character, notoriety, prominence, repute, standing, glory, rank, estimation, respect, account, praise, popularity, (v) regard, 4. glory (şan); synonyms (n) brightness, pride, dignity, eclat, glitter, glorification, grandeur, heaven, splendor, worship, aureole, (v) halo, exult, boast, gloat. üniforma uniform; synonyms (adj) regular, even, constant, steady, equal, consistent, same, equable, homogenous, invariable, level, unchanging, fixed, (n) livery, dress; antonyms (adj) varied, assorted, inconsistent, unequal. ünite unit (birim); synonyms (n) troop, element, group, squad, aggregate, cell, team, detachment, member, ace, company, component, part, section, (adj) one. üniversite 1. university; synonyms (n) school, academy, academe, faculty, institution, (adj) college, academic, educational, scholastic, 2. college; synonyms (n) association, institute, society, university. ünlü 1. famous; synonyms (adj) celebrated, eminent, splendid, distinguished, famed, illustrious, renowned, capital, conspicuous, important, known, notable, notorious, prominent, stunning; antonyms

475

(adj) unknown, infamous, ordinary, 2. celebrated; synonyms (adj) famous, noted, well-known, great,

brilliant, excellent, remarkable, storied, (n) glorious, 3. noted; synonyms (v) recognized, ascertained, (adj) noble, marked, distingue, 4. distinguished; synonyms (adj) dignified, reputable, high, superior, considerable, distinct, ace, exalted, grand, lofty, majestic, outstanding, preeminent, shining, signal, 5. renowned; synonyms (adj) acknowledged, familiar, legendary, magnificent, 6. prominent; synonyms (adj) leading, noticeable, obvious, salient, striking, big, dominant, momentous, predominant, influential, manifest, noteworthy, obtrusive, (n) bold, (v) projecting; antonyms (adj) inconspicuous, minor. Ünvan title; synonyms (n) call, designation, caption, claim, designate, appellation, denomination, epithet, interest, (v) name, style, term, entitle, (adj) right, ownership. üreme reproduction; synonyms (n) replica, propagation, duplicate, breeding, copy, generation, copying, facsimile, procreation, replication, reappearance, image, duplication, (adj) fake, imitation; antonym (adj) genuine. üretici 1. manufacturer; synonyms (n) maker, builder, artificer, creator, shaper, producer, artist, 2. producer; synonyms (n) director, manufacturer, author, manager, cause, entrepreneur, farmer. üretim 1. production; synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition, 2. generation (kuşak); synonyms (n) age, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries, offspring, period, time, day, birth, family, lifetime, multiplication, production, (v) germination, 3. output (çıktı); synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, expenditure, (v) outcome. üretken 1. productive; synonyms (adj) fertile, fruitful, plentiful, fat, generative, helpful, copious, lucrative, constructive, inventive, original, abundant, creative, fecund, plenteous; antonyms (adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 2. fertile (bereketli, verimli); synonyms (adj) productive, affluent, exuberant, bountiful, luxuriant, prolific, rich, ample, lush, rank; antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile. üretkenlik productivity; synonyms (n) efficiency, fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness, abundance, output, production, constructiveness, turnout, use, usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness; antonym (n) fruitlessness. üretme generation (kuşak, üretim); synonyms (n) age, creation, epoch, era, genesis, contemporaries, formation, offspring, period, time, day, birth, family, lifetime, (v) germination.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

476

Turkish - English

üretmek 1. generate; synonyms (v) breed, develop, bear, beget, cause, engender, get, provoke, create, father, produce, raise, reproduce, yield, make, 2. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, posterity, progeny, (v) multiply, brood, cultivate, hatch, propagate, 3. produce; synonyms (v) give, effect, bring, present, procreate, construct, form, frame, generate, fetch, prepare, do, fabricate, (n) gain, crop. ürkek 1. shy (çekingen); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, self-conscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing, 2. nervous; synonyms (adj) anxious, excitable, tense, cowardly, afraid, apprehensive, shy, uneasy, firm, edgy, fidgety, neurotic, restless, (adv) excited, agitated; antonyms (adj) calm, brave, relaxed, 3. fearful; synonyms (adj) dreadful, awful, craven, terrible, dire, eerie, formidable, frightful, appalling, awesome, alarming, dastardly, desperate, direful, frightened; antonyms (adj) rational, unimpressed. ürkmek shy (çekingen, ürkek); synonyms (adj) diffident, fearful, timid, abashed, reserved, ashamed, coy, modest, nervous, reticent, selfconscious, backward, (v) fling, cast, (n) throw; antonyms (adj) brash, bold, confident, demonstrative, forward, outgoing. ürkmüş frightened; synonyms (adj) afraid, fearful, scared, terrified, timid, anxious, apprehensive, horrified, intimidated, restless, worried, (adv) cowardly; antonyms (adj) calm, confident, unimpressed, brave, fearless. ürpermek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm. ürün 1. product; synonyms (n) fruit, output, merchandise, proceeds, outgrowth, crop, article, commodity, composition, consequence, manufacture, harvest, development, effect, (v) produce, 2. crop; synonyms (n) craw, yield, (v) browse, graze, reap, top, cultivate, cut, lop, prune, shave, trim, reduce, (adj) clip, shear, 3. harvest (hasat); synonyms (n) ingathering, profit, production, harvesting, (v) gain, gather, glean, amass, collect, garner, get, pick, earn, assemble, acquire, 4. fruit (meyve); synonyms (n) product, issue, (v) result, return, building, edifice, erection, fabric, flower, 5. yield (verim); synonyms (n) give, furnish, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear, consent, provide; antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 6. result (sonuç); synonyms (n) outcome, aftermath, answer, conclusion, end, corollary, event, repercussion, resolution, (v) ensue, follow,

eventuate, arise, develop, lead; antonym (v) cause, 7. child (çocuk); synonyms (n) baby, boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, juvenile, kid, minor, toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp; antonym (n) adult, 8. growth (büyüme); synonyms (n) accretion, augmentation, evolution, increase, enlargement, germination, accumulation, accession, addition, advance, improvement, increment, rise, bulge, (v) grow; antonyms (n) decrease, reduction, weakening, decline, 9. produce; synonyms (v) make, bring, present, procreate, breed, construct, create, form, frame, generate, fetch, prepare, beget, do, engender, 10. production (üretim); synonyms (n) generation, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, staging, fabrication, origination, presentation, work, piece, growth, extension, (v) exhibition, protraction. üs 1. base (alçak, baz, taban, temel); synonyms (n) foundation, basis, (adj) bottom, abject, mean, dishonorable, ignoble, low, vile, bad, contemptible, despicable, foul, (v) ground, found; antonyms (n) summit, top, (adj) noble, 2. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, ability, potency, authority, control, energy, agency, domination, intensity, strength, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, capacity; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 3. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) rank, position, seat, standing, base, depot, (v) place, locate, post, stand, lay, order, put, set, site. üslup 1. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) cut, mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, (v) form, construct, contrive, cast, create, make, 2. touch (dokunma, dokunmak); synonyms (n) feel, tinge, feeling, hint, (v) affect, contact, hit, border, adjoin, strike, stroke, regard, brush, concern, handle, 3. wording; synonyms (n) diction, phraseology, phrasing, language, expression, verbiage, style, text. üst 1. top; synonyms (adj) maximum, (n) crown, peak, acme, apex, crest, cover, height, pinnacle, summit, (v) best, cap, exceed, head, outdo; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, base, nadir, 2. upper; synonyms (adj) superior, higher, top, overhead, over, highest, (n) amphetamine, speed, stimulant; antonym (adj) inferior, 3. above (yukarıda); synonyms (prep) on, past, surpassing, under, (adv) beyond, aloft, supra, up, more, (adj) preceding, former, upper, foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 4. parent; synonyms (n) mother, origin, source, forefather, prototype, precursor, (v) father, foster, rear, nurture, generate, advance, advert, arouse, boot; antonym (n) child, 5. superior; synonyms (adj) senior, dominant, better, exceptional, predominant, elder, great, arrogant, chief, eminent, excellent, high, lofty, proud, select; antonyms (adj) humble, worse, poor, (n) subordinate, subscript.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English üstelik 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore, moreover, too, again, additionally, anyway, else, therewithal, beyond, (prep) except, on, beside, (adj) more, likewise, 2. moreover; synonyms (adv) besides, further, and, therewith. üstlenmek 1. commit; synonyms (v) commend, assign, charge, consign, apply, confide, dedicate, entrust, submit, deliver, devote, give, intrust, leave, send, 2. undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try, accept, contract, covenant, guarantee, tackle, take, assume, assure, begin, engage, promise, endeavor, seek, 3. assume (varsaymak); synonyms (v) affect, adopt, appropriate, arrogate, feign, presume, sham, simulate, suppose, understand, usurp, feel, acquire, conclude, conjecture. üstteki upper (üst); synonyms (adj) superior, higher, top, overhead, over, highest, (n) amphetamine, speed, stimulant; antonym (adj) inferior. üstün 1. excellent (mükemmel); synonyms (adj) choice, estimable, admirable, superior, capital, beautiful, distinctive, brilliant, fantastic, fine, good, great, magnificent, marvelous, (n) worthy; antonyms (adj) inferior, poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre, 2. paramount; synonyms (adj) dominant, chief, main, overriding, top, foremost, supreme, topmost, uppermost, cardinal, crowning, leading, predominant, principal, (v) greatest; antonym (adj) minor, 3. above (yukarıda); synonyms (prep) on, past, surpassing, (adv) over, beyond, aloft, supra, up, more, overhead, (adj) preceding, former, upper, foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 4. superior; synonyms (adj) senior, better, exceptional, elder, arrogant, eminent, excellent, high, higher, lofty, proud, select, commanding, exalted, important; antonyms (adj) humble, worse, (n) subordinate, subscript. üstünde 1. on; synonyms (prep) at, about, concerning, in, by, into, upon, for, above, (adv) forth, ahead, (adj) forward, aboard, (prf) along, against; antonym (adv) off, 2. above (yukarıda); synonyms (prep) on, past, surpassing, (adv) over, beyond, aloft, supra, up, more, overhead, (adj) preceding, former, upper, foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 3. over; synonyms (adv) across, o'er, too, crosswise, anew, again, (prep) during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, gone, out, spare. üstüne over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past. üstünkörü superficial (yüzeysel); synonyms (adj) cursory, shallow, external, sketchy, slight, apparent, exterior, frivolous, outward, surface, outer, flimsy, empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms (adj) deep, innate, real, thorough, profound, inner, permanent. üstünlük 1. advantage (avantaj, yarar); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, profit, account, expediency,

477

good, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, avail, convenience, gain, (v) benefit; antonyms (n) drawback, detriment, difficulty, (v) disadvantage, 2. excellence; synonyms (n) distinction, eminence, advantage, goodness, superiority, greatness, quality, value, (adj) merit, worth, desert, mastery; antonym (n) inferiority, 3. dominance; synonyms (n) ascendancy, authority, control, domination, supremacy, command, ascendance, ascendency, dominion, power, rule, authorization, primacy, ascendence, 4. superiority; synonyms (n) predominance, excellence, odds, precedence, priority, preference, cleverness, fineness, majority, perfection, preeminence, edge, dominance, prevalence, transcendence; antonym (n) humility, 5. distinction; synonyms (n) contrast, difference, discrimination, rank, dissimilarity, demarcation, celebrity, prestige, reputation, consequence, differentiation, discrepancy, disparity, fame, name; antonym (n) similarity, 6. odds; synonyms (n) chance, likelihood, possibility, probability, likeliness, chances, prospect, handicap, (v) dissension, misunderstanding, variance, 7. lordship; synonyms (n) ownership, dynasty, grandeeship, judge, proprietorship, seigniory, sovereignty. üşümek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm. üşümüş cold (soğuk); synonyms (adj) chilly, frigid, aloof, callous, distant, icy, indifferent, apathetic, bleak, cool, dead, dull, freezing, (n) chilliness, chill; antonyms (adj) warm, friendly, hot, burning, prepared, affectionate, loving, soporific, (n) heat, warmth. üşüşme rush; synonyms (n) hurry, charge, flood, flow, attack, (v) dash, gush, race, run, speed, dart, hasten, stream, (adj) burst, spurt. üşüşmek flock (sürü); synonyms (n) bunch, crowd, cluster, band, bevy, congregation, covey, gang, herd, horde, pack, troop, (v) assemble, mass, (adj) swarm. üşütmek chill; synonyms (n) coolness, (adj) cold, bleak, icy, chilly, frosty, depressing, freezing, frigid, (v) cool, freeze, dispirit, congeal, damp, dampen; antonyms (n) warmth, (v) heat, warm. ütü iron (demir); synonyms (n) chain, irons, chains, (v) firm, flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard, adamant, inflexible, steel, tenacious. ütülemek 1. iron (demir); synonyms (n) chain, irons, chains, (v) firm, flatten, press, smooth, (adj) hard, adamant, inflexible, steel, tenacious, 2. press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, (v) crush, crowd, force, squeeze, pack, coerce,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

478

Turkish - English

compress, exhort, mash, push, urge, clasp, (adj) constrain. üye member; synonyms (n) limb, part, supporter, extremity, phallus, portion, appendage, employee, fellow, section, constituent, division, element, follower, associate. üyeler membership (üyelik); synonyms (n) association, alliance, attachment, connection, contribution, input, involvement, partaking, rank, relationship, sharing, associates, bias, brotherhood, club. üyelik membership; synonyms (n) association, alliance, attachment, connection, contribution, input, involvement, partaking, rank, relationship, sharing, associates, bias, brotherhood, club. üzerinde over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past. üzerine over; synonyms (adv) beyond, across, more, by, o'er, on, too, (prep) above, during, (n) overs, (adj) finished, done, extra, odd, past. üzgün 1. sad; synonyms (adj) dreary, dismal, distressing, gloomy, miserable, mournful, pitiable, pitiful, bad, bleak, dejected, deplorable, depressed, depressing, disconsolate; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, joyful, brave, cheery, composed, 2. sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent, piteous, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, mean, regretful, repentant, sad, low, abject; antonym (adj) unrepentant, 3. worried; synonyms (adj) apprehensive, distressed, nervous, uneasy, upset, anxious, afraid, bothered, concerned, disturbed, troubled, fearful, restless, unhappy, (v) afflicted; antonyms (adj) calm, carefree, reassured, relaxed, untroubled. üzgünüm sorry; synonyms (adj) pathetic, contrite, paltry, penitent, piteous, pitiable, pitiful, remorseful, sorrowful, base, apologetic, bad, deplorable, mean, miserable; antonym (adj) unrepentant. üzmek 1. pain (ağrı); synonyms (n) distress, ache, bother, ill, torment, agony, nuisance, harass, annoyance, (v) hurt, afflict, anguish, grieve, trouble, agonize; antonym (n) pleasure, 2. distress (acı); synonyms (n) pain, anxiety, calamity, difficulty, grief, torture, adversity, affliction, alarm, (v) concern, upset, worry, discomfort, annoy, distraint; antonyms (v) comfort, please, 3. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) tease, care, disturb, fear, molest, vex, agitate, fret, harry, (n) burden, fuss, sorrow, apprehension, disquiet, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance. üzücü 1. heavy (ağır); synonyms (adj) dull, deep, dark, dense, fat, full, grave, gross, hard, arduous, bulky, burdensome, grievous, oppressive, thick; antonyms (adj) light, easy, slim, thin, slight, gentle,

puny, skinny, 2. bitter (acı, keskin, şiddetli); synonyms (adj) acrimonious, biting, acrid, sharp, acerbic, acid, caustic, keen, malicious, resentful, sour, virulent, acerb, cutting, (n) acerbity; antonyms (adj) mild, sweet, charitable, hot, kind, sugary. üzülmek 1. worry; synonyms (v) torment, trouble, bother, distress, tease, annoy, care, disturb, fear, molest, (n) concern, burden, harass, pain, fuss; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance, 2. sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, regret, sadness, anguish, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, heartbreak, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonyms (n) joy, delight, happiness, 3. trouble; synonyms (n) anxiety, difficulty, hardship, load, misfortune, problem, (v) inconvenience, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, distract, perturb, (adj) affliction; antonyms (v) calm, please, 4. regret; synonyms (v) bewail, bemoan, deplore, sorrow, repent, rue, dislike, (n) compunction, disappointment, woe, qualm, contriteness, dissatisfaction, bitterness, apology. üzüntü 1. grief (acı, keder); synonyms (n) affliction, dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, regret, wound, chagrin, concern, pity, bitterness, dejection, desolation, (adj) sore; antonyms (n) joy, happiness, 2. sorrow (acı); synonyms (n) grief, mourning, sadness, contrition, heartache, misery, penitence, remorse, repentance, heartbreak, hardship, compunction, (v) mourn, lament, grieve; antonym (n) delight, 3. trouble; synonyms (n) bother, anxiety, difficulty, fuss, torment, (v) inconvenience, annoy, disorder, disquiet, worry, afflict, agitate, burden, distract, disturb; antonyms (v) calm, please, 4. regret; synonyms (v) bewail, bemoan, deplore, sorrow, repent, rue, dislike, (n) disappointment, woe, qualm, contriteness, dissatisfaction, apology, guilt, ruefulness, 5. worry (üzülmek); synonyms (v) trouble, tease, care, fear, molest, vex, fret, harry, mind, (n) harass, annoyance, apprehension, hassle, misgiving, (adj) irritate; antonyms (v) soothe, reassure, (n) calmness, reassurance, 6. distress (acı); synonyms (n) calamity, hurt, torture, adversity, alarm, suffering, destitution, ache, shock, agonize, damage, (v) upset, discomfort, distraint, ail; antonym (v) comfort. üzüntülü worried; synonyms (adj) apprehensive, distressed, nervous, uneasy, upset, anxious, afraid, bothered, concerned, disturbed, troubled, fearful, restless, unhappy, (v) afflicted; antonyms (adj) calm, carefree, reassured, relaxed, untroubled.

V vaat 1. undertaking; synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, promise, task, attempt, business, project, venture,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English adventure, endeavor, job, effort, duty, guarantee, pledge, 2. promise (söz vermek); synonyms (n) engagement, assurance, bargain, engage, hope, plight, word, betrothal, agreement, (v) covenant, contract, vow, augur, assure, undertake. vade 1. maturity; synonyms (n) ripeness, adulthood, matureness, perfection, majority, age, development, readiness, prime; antonyms (n) childhood, youth, immaturity, 2. time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, instant, interval, space, tempo, sentence; antonym (n) death. vadi 1. valley; synonyms (n) ravine, dale, gully, vale, hollow, depression, gap, gorge; antonym (n) mount, 2. dale; synonyms (n) valley, glen, abyss, bottom, cocoon, basin, cave, cavern, cove, foundation, glade, groundwork, grove, lees, sediment, 3. vale; synonyms (n) slade, strath; antonym (n) hill. vagon 1. car (araba, otomobil); synonyms (n) automobile, auto, carriage, coach, truck, vehicle, tramcar, coupe, jalopy, gondola, machine, motorcar, railcar, limousine, 2. carriage; synonyms (n) attitude, transport, behavior, conveyance, air, demeanor, deportment, gait, manner, mien, port, position, posture, walk, (v) bearing. vahiy revelation; synonyms (n) disclosure, discovery, exposure, display, manifestation, revealing, betrayal, apocalypse, expose, inspiration, publication, exhibition, vision, find, (v) revealment. vahşi 1. brutal; synonyms (adj) beastly, barbaric, barbarous, bestial, hard, cruel, harsh, savage, truculent, unkind, vicious, barbarian, boarish, rugged, tough; antonyms (adj) gentle, kind, merciful, liberal, 2. wild; synonyms (adj) desert, waste, fierce, boisterous, violent, reckless, desolate, ferocious, furious, raging, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, rough; antonyms (adj) calm, orderly, domestic, manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained, tame. vaka 1. case; synonyms (n) box, example, bin, cover, jacket, shell, affair, bag, briefcase, casing, eccentric, instance, suit, carton, (adj) patient, 2. event (olay); synonyms (n) case, consequence, effect, occurrence, circumstance, contingency, fact, happening, incident, issue, result, aftermath, time, chance, accident. vakıf foundation (temel); synonyms (n) base, basis, bottom, creation, establishment, foot, institution, principle, cause, cornerstone, footing, fundamental, origin, support, nucleus; antonym (n) top. vakit 1. time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo; antonym (n) death, 2. hour (saat);

479

synonyms (n) time, hr, nonce, crisis, minute, lifetime, month, quarter, quinquennium, week, year, opportunity, alarm, amazement, arcminute, 3. when (ne zaman); synonyms (adv) as, once, then, because, than, since, equally, erst, erstwhile, formerly, (conj) although, while, immediately, (prep) during, (adj) following, 4. season; synonyms (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, spice, temper, sauce, cure, (adj) harden, habituate. vakitsiz premature; synonyms (adj) early, precocious, untimely, immature, forward, inopportune, previous, rash, unripe. vakum vacuum (boşluk); synonyms (n) emptiness, void, vacancy, vacuity, gap, nothingness, blank, inanity, chasm, (v) clean. valf valve; synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door, gauge, monitor, spout. vali governor (patron); synonyms (n) director, chief, manager, regulator, administrator, controller, ruler, superintendent, leader, executive, head, master, official, protector, warden. valiz suitcase; synonyms (n) bag, case, grip, luggage, handbag, bagful, base, clasp, clench, clutch, clutches, dish, grasp, hairgrip, handgrip. vana valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door, gauge, monitor, spout. vantilatör fan (hayran, yelpaze); synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor. vapur ship (gemi); synonyms (n) boat, ferry, craft, bottom, (v) dispatch, send, forward, transport, consign, carry, embark, move, transfer, post, charge. vardiya 1. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate, 2. watch (bakmak, seyretmek); synonyms (v) observe, clock, look, see, regard, wake, care, protect, defend, (n) guard, view, sentinel, sentry, surveillance, (adj) vigilance. varil barrel; synonyms (n) drum, roll, vessel, barrelful, cask, container, vase, vat, jar, plug, much, pot, bbl, bushel, (v) fly. varis 1. heir; synonyms (n) beneficiary, inheritor, offspring, successor, descendant, heritor, progeny, receiver, scion, 2. successor (halef); synonyms (n) heir, substitute, replacement, sequel; antonyms (n) forerunner, ancestor, precursor, predecessor. varış 1. arrival; synonyms (n) appearance, advent, entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment, arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) departure, exit, leaving, 2. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent, impending, following, near, next,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

480

Turkish - English

prospective, (n) access, approach, arrival, arrive, come. varlık 1. entity; synonyms (n) being, existence, object, thing, whole, article, creature, essence, individual, item, reality, part, piece, 2. presence; synonyms (n) appearance, front, attendance, bearing, manner, mien, carriage, air, comportment, figure, demeanor, company, aspect, look, (adj) breeding; antonyms (n) absence, nonattendance, 3. being; synonyms (n) person, animal, human, entity, presence, matter, life, mortal, man, nature, organism, party, self, soul, (adj) present; antonyms (n) death, nonexistence, 4. wealth; synonyms (n) riches, abundance, affluence, opulence, treasure, capital, fortune, property, profusion, mammon, resources, (v) money, gold, (adj) plenty, richness; antonyms (n) poverty, penury, scarcity. Varlıklar assets; synonyms (n) property, belongings, capital, funds, means, resources, wealth, finances, resource, estate, money, possession, possessions, acquit, income. varlıklı wealthy (zengin); synonyms (adj) rich, moneyed, affluent, flush, opulent, prosperous, loaded, substantial, generous, abounding, abundant, ample, monied, successful, thriving; antonyms (adj) poor, impoverished. varma arrival; synonyms (n) appearance, advent, entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment, arriver, comer, reaching, homecoming; antonyms (n) departure, exit, leaving. varmak 1. arrive; synonyms (v) come, mature, attain, fall, land, reach, succeed, show, derive, emerge, enter, get, happen, issue, (n) appear; antonyms (v) leave, depart, go, 2. get (almak, elde etmek, olmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, become, catch, earn, buy, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture, cause, engage, extract; antonyms (v) lose, give, 3. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision, play; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 4. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, extend, make, pass, accomplish, equal, form, arrive, (n) compass, stretch, extent, area, capacity. varolan existing; synonyms (adj) actual, alive, current, existent, present, real, contemporary, extant, instant, modern, (v) being; antonym (adj) lost. varoş outskirts; synonyms (n) suburb, edge, periphery, environs, border, fringe, boundary, skirt, precincts, frontier, distance, outpost, outside, slub, slurb. varsayılan default; synonyms (n) deficit, delinquency, omission, oversight, fault, lack,

neglect, nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches; antonym (n) payment. varsayım 1. assumption; synonyms (n) presumption, supposition, hypothesis, premise, adoption, arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion, conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion, 2. hypothesis; synonyms (n) assumption, speculation, condition, opinion, postulation, presupposition, concept, proposal, view, thought, conception, guesswork, model, possibility. varsaymak 1. assume; synonyms (v) affect, accept, adopt, appropriate, arrogate, feign, take, presume, sham, simulate, suppose, understand, usurp, feel, acquire, 2. suppose (sanmak); synonyms (v) believe, guess, infer, assume, conjecture, consider, divine, estimate, imagine, reckon, speculate, calculate, conceive, expect, judge, 3. say (demek, söylemek); synonyms (v) remark, articulate, express, pronounce, assert, enunciate, observe, maintain, order, read, speak, state, tell, (n) declare, voice. varsayýlan default; synonyms (n) deficit, delinquency, omission, oversight, fault, lack, neglect, nonpayment, want, arrears, (v) fail, laches; antonym (n) payment. varyans variance; synonyms (n) difference, disagreement, discrepancy, dissension, division, deviation, discord, divergence, misunderstanding, diversity, dissimilarity, dissonance, conflict, dispute, variability. varyasyon variation; synonyms (n) alteration, change, difference, divergence, mutation, variance, deviation, discrepancy, departure, fluctuation, disagreement, dissimilarity, permutation, contrast, distinction; antonym (n) similarity. varyete variety; synonyms (n) kind, sort, species, change, form, style, type, variation, breed, diversity, genus, miscellany, nature, (adj) class, (v) difference; antonym (n) uniformity. vasat 1. fair (güzel, sarışın); synonyms (adj) equitable, clear, beautiful, average, dispassionate, fine, impartial, reasonable, sweet, candid, (adv) clean, (n) bazaar, blonde, carnival, (v) bright; antonyms (adj) unfair, biased, dark, exceptional, unjust, partial, foul, imbalanced, mismatched, prejudiced, unwarranted, 2. indifferent (ilgisiz, kayıtsız); synonyms (adj) apathetic, callous, cold, cool, fair, impassive, insensible, unconcerned, careless, dull, aloof, casual, detached, disinterested, frigid; antonyms (adj) caring, enthusiastic, fervent, keen, obsessive, eager, energetic, involved, surprised. vasati average (ortalama); synonyms (adj) mean, median, fair, common, medium, middle, middling, normal, ordinary, intermediate, mediocre, mid, moderate, tolerable, (n) norm; antonyms (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English exceptional, extraordinary, abnormal, unusual, (v) maximum, minimum. vasi 1. guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector, champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary, 2. administrator (yönetici); synonyms (n) executive, director, manager, boss, officer, official, supervisor, governor, principal, ruler, superintendent, 3. tutor; synonyms (n) instructor, teacher, mentor, trainer, master, guardian, lecturer, educator, (v) coach, instruct, educate, school, teach, train, edify. vasıf 1. qualification; synonyms (n) condition, capability, competence, fitness, limitation, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, (adj) faculty, endowment, property, 2. characteristic (karakteristik, özellik); synonyms (adj) distinctive, individual, typical, original, natural, representative, special, (n) badge, attribute, sign, character, feature, peculiar, peculiarity, point; antonyms (adj) uncharacteristic, common, 3. quality (kalite, nitelik); synonyms (n) nature, characteristic, class, grade, distinction, description, mark, caliber, part, tone, worth, brand, value, goodness, excellence; antonym (adj) shoddy. vasıflı 1. skilled (usta); synonyms (adj) adept, experienced, expert, practiced, skillful, able, accomplished, clever, competent, dexterous, proficient, old, adroit, capable, learned; antonyms (adj) inept, incompetent, inexperienced, 2. qualified; synonyms (adj) eligible, efficient, conditional, fit, adequate, certified, limited, restricted, fitted, prepared, provisional, proper, appropriate, responsible, skilled; antonyms (adj) unqualified, total, unofficial, definite. vasıta 1. agency; synonyms (n) bureau, office, authority, commission, expedient, factor, instrument, means, organ, way, efficiency, activity, board, (v) action, act, 2. means (araç); synonyms (n) agency, assets, capital, channel, funds, income, manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium, method, process, property, resource, 3. medium (orta, ortam); synonyms (adj) intermediate, fair, mid, middle, middling, moderate, (n) average, mediocre, mean, atmosphere, go-between, vehicle, environment, mediocrity, spiritualist, 4. vehicle; synonyms (n) automobile, transport, carrier, transportation, car, intermedium, intervention, mediation, platform. vasıtasıyla by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. vasiyetname 1. testament; synonyms (n) will, testimonial, testimony, paper, parchment, settlement, volition, evidence, bible, certificate, confirmation, credentials, declaration, (v)

481

command, decree, 2. will (arzu); synonyms (v) bequeath, devise, wish, leave, shall, (n) desire, inclination, determination, pleasure, resolve, intent, mind, courage, liking, purpose. vatan 1. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family, habitation, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic, 2. country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, realm, region, soil, territory, district, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban. vatandaş citizen; synonyms (n) civilian, denizen, inhabitant, national, resident, native, subject, voter; antonym (n) foreigner.

vazgeç cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate. vazgeçme surrender; synonyms (n) resign, resignation, capitulation, release, (v) concede, relinquish, abandon, render, capitulate, deliver, submit, forsake, forfeit, leave, cede; antonyms (v) conquer, resist, appropriate, fight, persevere, subdue, win. vazgeçmek 1. abandon; synonyms (v) quit, relinquish, renounce, resign, vacate, desert, evacuate, leave, waive, depart, abdicate, chuck, ditch, drop, forfeit; antonyms (v) keep, support, maintain, (n) restraint, 2. cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate, 3. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) forsake, go, abandon, escape, flee, lead, lay, allow, bequeath, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come. vazife 1. commission (kurul); synonyms (n) board, mission, delegation, job, mandate, warrant, assignment, charge, committee, (v) assign, accredit, designate, appoint, authorize, delegate, 2. task (görev); synonyms (n) commission, duty, enterprise, labor, project, stint, occupation, activity, business, chore, function, problem, work, (v) tax, exercise.

vaziyet 1. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) fix, place, lay, put, locate, position, regulate, define, adjust, arrange, (n) class, bent, (adj) fixed, fast, secure; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 2. state (devlet, durum, eyalet); synonyms (n) nation, say, country, kingdom, show, (v) declare, expound, express, mention, affirm,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

482

Turkish - English

allege, announce, articulate, assert, (adj) national; antonyms (v) deny, (adj) private. ve and (ile); synonyms (conj) with, (adv) also, additionally, (prep) plus, including, (adj) more. veda 1. farewell; synonyms (n) adieu, leave, valediction, goodbye, parting, departure, separation, 2. leave (bırakmak); synonyms (v) depart, forsake, go, abandon, desert, quit, escape, flee, lead, (n) furlough, holiday, permission, permit, break, (adj) empty; antonyms (v) arrive, enter, stay, remain, approach, change, come. vefa truth (doğruluk); synonyms (n) exactness, reality, actuality, sincerity, correctness, fact, fidelity, verity, genuineness, accuracy, certainty, faithfulness, honesty, precision, authenticity; antonyms (n) untruth, dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie. vefalı 1. loyal; synonyms (adj) unwavering, fast, constant, devoted, reliable, steady, true, dependable, obedient, dedicated, liege, observant, (n) faithful, accurate, (v) firm; antonyms (adj) disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, 2. constant (değişmez, sabit); synonyms (adj) ceaseless, incessant, perpetual, continual, abiding, changeless, consistent, continuous, eternal, frequent, loyal, resolute, steadfast, uninterrupted, (n) invariable; antonyms (adj) changeable, intermittent, irregular, sporadic, variable, episodic, erratic, inconstant, fickle, inconsistent, occasional, temporary. vefat demise; synonyms (n) death, decease, collapse, dying, end, passing, release, departure, dissolution, expiration, fall, (v) perish, die, lease, let; antonyms (n) beginning, birth. vehim suspicion (şüphe); synonyms (n) apprehension, distrust, mistrust, inkling, fear, hunch, misgiving, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition, hesitation, hint, intuition, (v) doubt; antonyms (n) trust, certainty. vekil 1. deputy; synonyms (n) agent, surrogate, alternate, delegate, substitute, ambassador, assistant, replacement, representative, vicar, spokesman, envoy, help, (adj) proxy, acting, 2. substitute (yedek); synonyms (adj) alternative, ersatz, makeshift, (n) deputy, backup, (v) shift, change, replace, exchange, sub, cover, alter, commute, deputise, deputize, 3. representative (temsilci); synonyms (adj) characteristic, typical, model, figurative, illustrative, (n) emissary, instance, member, congressman, example, exponent, legate, officer, official, (v) represent, 4. attorney (avukat); synonyms (n) advocate, lawyer, counsel, counselor, factor, solicitor, auctioneer, underwriter, advisor, bailiff, clerk, gobetween, investigator, secretary, beagle, 5. administrator (yönetici); synonyms (n) executive, director, manager, boss, supervisor,

governor, principal, ruler, superintendent, 6. vicar; synonyms (n) minister, priest, clergyman, parson, pastor, rector, preacher, regent. vektör vector (yöney); synonyms (n) direction, bearing, course, sender, transmitter, vehicle. veli guardian; synonyms (n) custodian, guard, defender, protector, champion, curator, warden, keeper, patron, shelter, steward, backer, (adj) protective, custodial, tutelary. ventil valve (valf); synonyms (n) lock, sluice, door, gauge, monitor, spout. veranda porch; synonyms (n) lobby, hall, veranda, vestibule, balcony, door, entrance, portico, inlet, doorway, patio, portal, chops, conservatory, lips. verev bias (önyargı); synonyms (n) penchant, drift, influence, turn, twist, favor, slope, angle, bigotry, (v) prejudice, bent, slant, dispose, (adj) partiality, diagonal; antonyms (n) impartiality, neutrality, fairness. vergi 1. tax; synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain, 2. assessment; synonyms (n) appraisal, estimate, estimation, evaluation, judgment, review, valuation, appreciation, appraisement, opinion, price, tax, test, measurement, tariff, 3. imposition; synonyms (n) deception, exaction, cheat, deceit, imposture, trick, demand, hoax, delusion, fraud, infliction, swindle, wile, enforcement, 4. duty; synonyms (n) business, function, commitment, assignment, chore, obligation, job, must, office, part, responsibility, work, post, custom, assessment, 5. taxation (vergilendirme); synonyms (n) revenue, gross, receipts, accusation. vergilendirme 1. taxation; synonyms (n) tax, revenue, assessment, gross, receipts, accusation, 2. assessment; synonyms (n) appraisal, estimate, estimation, evaluation, judgment, review, valuation, appreciation, appraisement, duty, opinion, price, test, measurement, tariff. vergilendirmek tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain. veri data; synonyms (n) information, facts, details, evidence, fact, figures, file, material, postulate, proof. verici donor; synonyms (n) contributor, giver, donator, presenter, bestower, source, supplier, angel, backer, benefactress, patroness, savior, (v) feoffer, settlor; antonyms (n) receiver, recipient. veriler data (veri); synonyms (n) information, facts, details, evidence, fact, figures, file, material, postulate, proof. verilmiş given; synonyms (adj) apt, disposed, prone, liable, granted, inclined, set, (n) assumption, particular, presumption, fact.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English verim 1. efficiency (verimlilik); synonyms (n) capability, effectiveness, ability, efficacy, effect, capacity, aptitude, energy, output, potency, proficiency, ease, (v) agency, action; antonyms (n) inefficiency, incompetence, largeness, 2. yield; synonyms (n) produce, return, give, proceeds, (v) surrender, allow, concede, submit, cede, grant, relinquish, bow, accede, afford, bear; antonyms (v) resist, persevere, 3. output (çıktı); synonyms (n) crop, harvest, turnout, yield, outturn, product, expenditure, (v) outcome, 4. delivery (teslim); synonyms (n) childbirth, birth, consignment, discharge, rescue, communication, confinement, deliverance, distribution, elocution, issue, articulation, post, (v) address, parturition; antonyms (n) death, dispatch, 5. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, let, compel, constitute, design, drive, erect, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 6. proceeds (kazanç); synonyms (n) income, earnings, gain, revenue, take, emolument, payoff, profit, receipts, takings, proceed, incomings, benefit, profits, result. verimli 1. fertile (bereketli); synonyms (adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, affluent, copious, exuberant, fruitful, creative, bountiful, inventive, luxuriant, prolific, rich, ample; antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile, 2. productive (üretken); synonyms (adj) fertile, plentiful, generative, helpful, lucrative, constructive, original, plenteous, producing, profitable, efficient, gainful, economic, efficacious, imaginative; antonyms (adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 3. generous; synonyms (adj) full, benevolent, charitable, fair, flush, kind, liberal, spacious, benign, bounteous, broad, considerable, handsome, kindly, (n) free; antonyms (adj) stingy, meager, mean, measly, miserly, small, tightfisted, avaricious, greedy, ungenerous, 4. efficient; synonyms (adj) effectual, competent, effective, able, capable, valid, operative, practical, adept, adroit, neat, regular, energetic, (v) clever, active; antonyms (adj) incompetent, inefficient, 5. rich (zengin); synonyms (adj) deep, luxurious, opulent, bright, heavy, grand, lush, magnificent, mellow, wealthy, well-off, delicate, elegant, (v) ornate, florid; antonyms (adj) poor, broke, destitute, impoverished, light, 6. sweet (tatlı); synonyms (adj) beloved, delicious, fresh, lovely, dear, lovable, melodious, musical, pleasant, pleasing, sugary, charming, delightful, fragrant, (n) confection; antonyms (adj) sour, acid, bitter, discordant, acidic, pungent, sharp, salty. verimlilik 1. fertility; synonyms (n) fecundity, birthrate, productivity, affluence, uberty, abundance, natality, plenty, prolificacy, richness; antonyms (n) sterility, infertility, 2. efficiency (verim); synonyms (n) capability, effectiveness,

483

ability, efficacy, effect, capacity, aptitude, energy, output, potency, proficiency, ease, (v) agency, action; antonyms (n) inefficiency, incompetence, largeness, 3. productivity; synonyms (n) efficiency, fertility, fruitfulness, productiveness, production, constructiveness, turnout, use, usefulness, utility, crop, harvest, lushness, profitability, prosperity; antonym (n) fruitlessness. verimsiz 1. inefficient; synonyms (adj) incompetent, inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, incapable, inefficacious, feeble, impotent, futile, inactive, inept, insufficient, unable, unfit, useless; antonym (adj) efficient, 2. poor (fakir, fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, pitiful, meagre, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, firstrate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good. vermek 1. give; synonyms (v) allow, bestow, extend, accord, commit, donate, contribute, convey, deliver, dispense, endow, grant, present, yield, administer; antonyms (v) withdraw, take, withhold, 2. grant; synonyms (n) concession, donation, permit, allowance, (v) give, award, admit, afford, concede, confer, gift, acknowledge, boon, endowment, cede; antonyms (v) deny, reject, 3. award; synonyms (n) judgment, accolade, decoration, medal, prize, commendation, reward, scholarship, trophy, verdict, (v) honor, assign, allot, offer, decide, 4. deliver; synonyms (v) consign, bear, carry, rescue, save, abandon, bring, liberate, pronounce, render, return, send, utter, drop, acquit, 5. lend; synonyms (v) loan, advance, add, impart, provide; antonym (v) borrow, 6. accord (ahenk, anlaşma); synonyms (n) agreement, assent, consensus, harmony, consonance, concurrence, conformity, (v) agree, concord, consent, harmonize, suit, adjust, comply, compromise; antonyms (n) disagreement, discord, strife, (v) conflict, 7. throw (atmak); synonyms (v) cast, fling, shed, hurl, chuck, flip, heave, pass, hurtle, jerk, make, project, (n) pitch, push, shot, 8. render; synonyms (v) interpret, explain, furnish, pay, construe, depict, translate, exhibit, put, decipher, do, execute, generate, perform, produce, 9. provide; synonyms (v) accommodate, cater, equip, supply, fit, outfit, nourish, nurture, arm, ensure, ply, prepare, purvey, serve, stock. versiyon version (çeviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n) reading, translation, construction, interpretation, rendering, rendition, variation, account, description, variant, lection, report, story, explanation, paraphrase. vesayet ward; synonyms (n) guard, charge, custody, protection, care, district, neighborhood, quarter, defense, keep, area, region, division, (v) shelter, protect.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

484

Turkish - English

vesile 1. means (araç); synonyms (n) expedient,

vızıldamak sing (ötmek); synonyms (v) chant, hymn,

agency, instrument, assets, capital, channel, funds, income, manner, agent, contrivance, device, medium, method, process, 2. occasion; synonyms (n) case, event, chance, episode, happening, incident, juncture, motive, opportunity, (v) cause, create, beget, breed, induce, make. veteriner vet (baytar); synonyms (n) veteran, veterinarian, veterinary, (v) inspect, examine, vaquero. veya or (Ya da, yoksa); synonyms (conj) otherwise, (n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere. vezin rhythm; synonyms (n) measure, cadence, meter, beat, pulse, cycle, tempo, rhyme, metre, melody, strain, swing, accent, assonance, crambo. vezir queen (kraliçe); synonyms (n) empress, king, lady, sovereign, monarch, fag, faggot, fairy, pansy, queer, ace, ruler. veznedar treasurer; synonyms (n) cashier, banker, financier, fiscal, guardian, keeper, official, revenue, tutor. vicdan conscience; synonyms (n) shame, scruple, principles, bosom, compunction, duty, ethics, inwit, obligation, principle, qualm, regret, (adj) abandoned, (v) absolve, acquit. video video; synonyms (n) television, picture, film, movie, telecasting, (v) tape, record. villa villa; synonyms (n) mansion, cottage, house, accommodation, building, bungalow, cabin, castle, chalet, estate, farmhouse, home, igloo, lodge, manor. viraj 1. bend (bükme); synonyms (n) bow, arch, arc, elbow, twist, angle, curvature, (v) curve, turn, crouch, stoop, crook, curl, flex, deflect; antonyms (v) straighten, square, 2. curve (eğri, kavis); synonyms (n) bend, kink, round, bender, loop, coil, contour, (v) hook, wind, distort, meander, inflect, circle, crimp, lean. virüs virus; synonyms (n) bug, infection, germ, poison, venom, microbe, disease, bacteria, microorganism, pest, plague. viski whisky; synonyms (n) whiskey, (adj) usquebaugh, (v) rye, highball, peg, rum, schnapps, sherry, sling. vites 1. gear; synonyms (n) equipment, outfit, tackle, apparatus, device, dress, baggage, belongings, clothing, cogwheel, contrivance, kit, luggage, stuff, (v) harness, 2. transmission; synonyms (n) circulation, conveyance, contagion, transfer, broadcast, communication, drive, infection, spread, transmittal, transmittance, dissemination, passage, transmitting. vitrin window (pencere); synonyms (n) casement, porthole, pane, gap, embrasure, hole, opening, windowpane.

chirp, hum, drone, pipe, twitter, vocalize, carol, snitch, betray, harmonize, poetize, squeal, (n) squeak. vizite visit; synonyms (n) chat, sojourn, (v) see, frequent, attend, call, tour, view, gossip, haunt, inspect, jaw, impose, inflict, talk. vokal vocal; synonyms (adj) oral, spoken, unwritten, outspoken, sonant, sonorous, vowel, eloquent, instrumental, sung; antonym (adj) quiet. volkanik volcanic; synonyms (adj) eruptive, plutonic, excitable, irruptive, volcanian, (v) burning, inextinguishable, irrepressible, simmering, stanchless, ungovernable, volatile. voltaj voltage; synonyms (n) potential, emf, energy, power, current, electricity, potency, potentiality. vücut 1. body (beden, gövde); synonyms (n) cadaver, corpse, matter, organization, carcass, cluster, consistency, figure, mass, set, aggregate, association, entity, amount, bulk; antonym (n) spirit, 2. flesh (et); synonyms (n) brawn, mortality, beef, anatomy, chassis, form, frame, humanity, mankind, meat, muscle, pulp, (adj) carnality, concupiscence, lust. vurgu 1. emphasis; synonyms (n) accent, accentuation, importance, stress, prominence, import, intensity, significance, vehemence, weight, 2. accent; synonyms (n) dialect, emphasis, idiom, speech, articulation, intonation, pronunciation, tone, delivery, (v) emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate, pronounce, 3. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) pressure, tension, force, pinch, effort, anxiety, brunt, exigency, focus, (v) strain, underline, trouble, highlight, try, worry. vurgulamak 1. highlight; synonyms (v) emphasize, accentuate, spotlight, underline, accent, light, stress, underscore, dye, foreground, (n) climax, highlighting, peak, culmination, height, 2. stress (gerginlik, stres); synonyms (n) emphasis, pressure, tension, force, importance, pinch, effort, accentuation, anxiety, brunt, (v) strain, emphasise, punctuate, trouble, highlight, 3. accent (vurgu); synonyms (n) dialect, idiom, speech, articulation, intonation, pronunciation, tone, delivery, (v) pronounce. vurma 1. knock; synonyms (v) hit, blow, bump, cuff, punch, strike, boot, clip, (n) rap, bang, tap, bash, crash, whack, clap; antonym (v) praise, 2. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) attain, belt, collide, encounter, clash, club, contact, (n) knock, smash, touch, chance, beat, collision, play, clout; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) assault, attack, dab, (v) impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, coin, mint, lash, hew, whip, afflict.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English vurmak 1. hit (isabet); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, blow, bump, collide, encounter, (n) knock, bang, smash, touch, chance, bash, beat, collision; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 2. knock; synonyms (v) hit, cuff, punch, boot, clip, condemn, criticize, knap, (n) rap, tap, crash, whack, clap, clout, criticism; antonym (v) praise, 3. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. shoot; synonyms (v) bud, discharge, dart, dash, drive, flash, hunt, send, fire, germinate, grow, (n) scion, branch, sprout, chute, 5. strike (bulmak, grev); synonyms (n) assault, attack, dab, (v) impress, slap, move, affect, box, buffet, coin, mint, lash, hew, afflict, clash, 6. stroke (inme, vuruş); synonyms (n) caress, mark, apoplexy, impact, line, streak, cut, dint, seizure, accomplishment, (v) lick, fondle, pat, smite, pet, 7. land (toprak); synonyms (n) ground, country, soil, field, kingdom, domain, estate, nation, realm, state, (v) disembark, debark, alight, get, drop; antonym (adj) aquatic, 8. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab, pawl, snap; antonym (v) release, 9. pound; synonyms (n) cage, fold, enclosure, (v) pen, crush, grind, hammer, maul, palpitate, mash, grate, bruise, ram, thrash, bray. vurucu striker; synonyms (n) hitter, beater, batsman, batter, activist, campaigner, demonstrator, marcher, picketer, pulsator, slugger, dissenter, wencher. vurum pulse; synonyms (n) beat, impulse, pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence, measure, pulsing, (v) pulsate, throb, palpitate, pound, vibrate. vuruş 1. stroke (inme); synonyms (n) touch, beat, caress, hit, mark, apoplexy, attack, bang, impact, knock, line, (v) buffet, lick, fondle, (adj) blow, 2. hit (isabet, vurmak); synonyms (v) strike, attain, belt, bump, collide, encounter, clash, club, contact, (n) smash, chance, bash, collision, play, clout; antonyms (n) failure, flop, 3. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, cheat, (n) pulse, thump, round, cadence; antonym (v) lose, 4. impact (etki); synonyms (n) shock, crash, force, effect, impingement, impression, influence, concussion, consequence, jolt, push, upshot, wallop, (v) affect, ram, 5. pulse; synonyms (n) impulse, pulsation, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, measure, pulsing, vibration, tempo, (v) palpitate, pound, vibrate, wave, quiver, 6. shock (şok); synonyms (n) daze, outrage, surprise, fright, scare, (v) jar, offend, revolt, startle, appall, disgust, dismay, frighten, horrify, shake; antonym (v) comfort, 7. wipe (silmek); synonyms (v) rub, clean, mop,

485

towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash, cover, (n) fling, flout, (adj) sponge, flush.

Y yaba fork (çatal); synonyms (n) crotch, branch, bifurcation, branching, turn, corner, angle, forking, junction, (v) diverge, divide, separate, split, bend, pitchfork. yabancı 1. alien; synonyms (adj) foreign, strange, unknown, extrinsic, exotic, extraneous, remote, unfamiliar, unusual, (n) foreigner, outsider, stranger, emigrant, (v) alienate, estrange; antonyms (adj) familiar, (n) native, citizen, 2. foreign; synonyms (adj) alien, exterior, external, oversea, adventitious, outlandish, peregrine, different, imported, irrelevant, outside, outward, tramontane; antonyms (adj) domestic, internal, 3. stranger; synonyms (n) newcomer, outlander; antonyms (n) associate, friend, pal, 4. outsider; synonym (n) layman, 5. unknown (Bilinmeyen); synonyms (adj) secret, hidden, nameless, obscure, unidentified, anonymous, mysterious, new, undiscovered, dark, indeterminate, uncharted, unseen, concealed, humble; antonyms (adj) known, famous, recognized, well-known, 6. unfamiliar; synonyms (adj) unaccustomed, unacquainted, uncommon, novel, inexperienced, unused, unexplored; antonym (adj) recognizable. yabani wild; synonyms (adj) desert, waste, fierce, boisterous, violent, reckless, desolate, ferocious, furious, raging, rude, stormy, untamed, giddy, barbarous; antonyms (adj) calm, orderly, domestic, manageable, sane, cultivated, restrained, tame. yadsıma denial; synonyms (n) negation, abnegation, renunciation, repulse, no, abjuration, contradiction, negative, refusal, rejection, forswearing, nay, abandonment, rebuff, rebuttal; antonyms (n) acceptance, affirmation, declaration, admission, confession. yadsımak deny; synonyms (v) contradict, controvert, decline, disavow, rebuff, abnegate, disown, gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject, renounce, abjure, contravene, disallow; antonyms (v) admit, affirm, acknowledge, claim, declare, agree, maintain. yafta label (etiket); synonyms (n) name, brand, tag, title, designation, earmark, docket, group, (v) mark, call, classify, check, designate, distinguish, identify. yağ 1. oil; synonyms (n) petroleum, fat, ointment, salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v) lubricate, anoint, anele, glycerine, 2. fat; synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, gross, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

486

Turkish - English

yağcılık butter; synonyms (n) fat, oil, cement, (v)

yakacak fuel (yakıt); synonyms (n) firewood,

blarney, gloze, slaver, apply, cajole, coquet, daub, humor, inveigle, (adj) dough, pudding, clay. yağdırmak 1. shower (duş); synonyms (n) rain, drizzle, barrage, rainfall, torrent, volley, (v) pour, bathe, hail, sprinkle, wash, shed, bath, scatter, spray, 2. rain (yağmur); synonyms (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, rainwater, abound, exuberate, mist, teem, (v) stream, precipitate, shower, condense, pelt. yağlamak oil (yağ); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat, ointment, salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v) lubricate, anoint, anele, glycerine. yağlı fat (yağ); synonyms (adj) stout, corpulent, dense, thick, bulky, fatty, fertile, fleshy, gainful, greasy, great, (n) avoirdupois, blubber, cream, (v) fatten; antonyms (adj) thin, slim, skinny, slender. yağlıboya oil (yağ); synonyms (n) petroleum, fat, ointment, salve, cream, fuel, cerate, lotion, (v) lubricate, anoint, anele, glycerine. yağma sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire. yağmak fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent. yağmalamak sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire. yağmur rain; synonyms (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, rainfall, rainwater, abound, exuberate, mist, (v) pour, stream, hail, precipitate, shower, condense. yağmurlu wet (ıslak, ıslatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v) dry. yağsız lean; synonyms (adj) emaciated, gaunt, thin, bony, lank, lanky, (v) incline, bend, list, slant, bow, careen, pitch, (n) tilt, inclination; antonyms (adj) fat, plump. yahut or (veya, Ya da, yoksa); synonyms (conj) otherwise, (n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere. yaka 1. collar; synonyms (n) arrest, choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch, apprehend, capture, clutch, grab, nail, cop, get, grasp, 2. neck (boyun); synonyms (n) throat, cervix, neckline, lapel, beard, (v) pet, cut, love, manage, kiss, behead, bang, bed, (adj) stricture, wasp.

combustible, firing, (v) fire, arouse, encourage, excite, kindle, provoke, stimulate. yakalama catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab, pawl; antonym (v) release. yakalamak 1. grip (kavramak); synonyms (n) clasp, clutch, handle, bag, clench, clinch, clutches, (v) grasp, hold, catch, cling, apprehend, embrace, fascinate, grab; antonyms (v) bore, release, 2. catch; synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, get, acquire, ensnare, intercept, snatch, take, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, pawl, snap, 3. trap (tuzak); synonyms (n) snare, net, ambush, gin, mesh, noose, entanglement, ambuscade, bait, hole, deception, (v) entrap, entangle, decoy, immobilize, 4. collar (yaka); synonyms (n) choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, neck, neckband, necklace, tie, yoke, apprehension, check, (v) nail, cop, nab, 5. capture; synonyms (v) captivate, carry, seize, bewitch, beguile, collar, conquer, obtain, occupy, trap, (n) seizure, conquest, occupation, abduction, kidnap; antonym (v) surrender, 6. grasp; synonyms (n) grip, appreciation, comprehension, reach, (v) comprehend, grapple, conceive, compass, dig, sense, understand, digest, fathom, gather, absorb, 7. take (almak); synonyms (v) admit, adopt, bear, return, borrow, pick, appropriate, assume, bring, claim, convey, demand, have, (phr) accept, receive; antonyms (v) give, refuse, abstain, add, lose. yakı plaster; synonyms (n) mortar, cement, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm, (v) coat, daub, stucco, paint, affix, poultice, face, smear. yakıcı burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze, afire, blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate, aflame, alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing, zealous, burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, trivial. yakın 1. near; synonyms (prep) about, by, around, (adv) close, almost, towards, (adj) adjoining, adjacent, contiguous, imminent, impending, narrow, (v) familiar, approximate, approach; antonym (adj) distant, 2. handy; synonyms (adj) adroit, available, convenient, apt, clever, expert, deft, dexterous, good, accessible, easy, commodious, functional, near, (n) ready; antonyms (adj) useless, clumsy, fixed, 3. immediate; synonyms (adj) prompt, direct, sudden, present, quick, expeditious, fast, hasty, instant, proximate, speedy, express, firsthand, nearby, early; antonyms (adj) slow, gradual, consecutive, deliberate, 4. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) accurate, tight, brief, airless, complete, (v) compact, stop, conclude, bar, block, (n) end, finish, conclusion, expiration, ending; antonyms (adj) airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 5. by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English through, apart, along, beyond, via, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over, 6. convenient; synonyms (adj) comfortable, handy, advantageous, appropriate, expedient, fit, opportune, timely, useful, snug, auspicious, becoming, happy, helpful, (n) favorable; antonyms (adj) inconvenient, unwieldy, 7. intimate; synonyms (adj) confidential, informal, inner, internal, bosom, friendly, personal, (v) allude, hint, imply, indicate, insinuate, suggest, (adv) dear, (n) confidante. yakında 1. soon (çok geçmeden); synonyms (adv) shortly, early, presently, anon, immediately, directly, betimes, now, promptly, quickly, soonly, briefly, erelong, fast, quick, 2. near (yakın); synonyms (prep) about, by, around, (adv) close, almost, towards, (adj) adjoining, adjacent, contiguous, imminent, impending, narrow, (v) familiar, approximate, approach; antonym (adj) distant, 3. shortly; synonyms (adv) soon, abruptly, concisely, curtly, short, brusquely, rapidly, (adj) forthwith, summarily. yakından close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) near, adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, approximate, narrow, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start. yakınında by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. yakınından by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. yakınlık affinity; synonyms (n) sympathy, analogy, alliance, bond, kindred, propinquity, rapport, relation, relationship, semblance, penchant, agreement, attachment, conformity, connection. yakınma complaint; synonyms (n) accusation, ailment, charge, affection, disease, disorder, ill, illness, lament, plaint, protest, sickness, wail, whine, claim. yakınmak 1. complain; synonyms (v) beef, bemoan, bewail, protest, squawk, whine, grudge, accuse, carp, croak, gripe, grouse, grumble, mutter, object; antonym (v) compliment, 2. beef; synonyms (n) moan, complaint, fuss, bitch, brawn, flesh, grievance, kick, muscle, strength, (v) complain, grouch, groan, bellyache. yakışıklı 1. handsome (güzel); synonyms (adj) elegant, beautiful, fair, charming, fine, generous, attractive, bountiful, comely, bonny, big, bounteous, exquisite, gorgeous, graceful; antonyms (adj) ugly, unattractive, 2. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent,

487

(v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. yakışmak 1. become (olmak); synonyms (v) be, grow, suit, arise, get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go, make, turn, wax, change, 2. suit; synonyms (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case, petition, (v) agree, correspond, accommodate, adapt, answer, become, meet, please, adjust, satisfy. yakıt fuel; synonyms (n) firewood, combustible, firing, (v) fire, arouse, encourage, excite, kindle, provoke, stimulate.

yaklaşık 1. about (hakkında, hemen hemen); synonyms (prep) encircling, for, encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in, nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, precisely, 2. rough (kaba); synonyms (adj) coarse, hard, harsh, raw, crude, cruel, grating, gross, hoarse, jagged, approximate, gruff, inclement, (n) boisterous, draft; antonyms (adj) gentle, smooth, polished, precise, refined, silky, soft, sophisticated, even, exact, glossy, pleasant, 3. some (bazı, biraz); synonyms (adv) rather, somewhat, about, round, (adj) few, certain, several, sundry, extraordinary, quantitative, (det) any, (n) one. yaklaşım approach; synonyms (n) access, entry, advent, arrival, avenue, coming, entrance, means, method, adit, (v) advance, accost, address, near, approximate; antonym (v) leave. yaklaşma 1. approach; synonyms (n) access, entry, advent, arrival, avenue, coming, entrance, means, method, adit, (v) advance, accost, address, near, approximate; antonym (v) leave, 2. coming; synonyms (v) instant, (adj) approaching, forthcoming, future, imminent, impending, following, next, prospective, upcoming, (n) approach, appearance, return, arrive, come; antonym (n) departure. yaklaşmak 1. approach; synonyms (n) access, entry, advent, arrival, avenue, coming, entrance, means, method, adit, (v) advance, accost, address, near, approximate; antonym (v) leave, 2. close (kapamak, kapatmak); synonyms (adj) adjacent, nearby, accurate, tight, narrow, brief, (v) compact, stop, conclude, (adv) by, about, (n) end, finish, conclusion, expiration; antonyms (adj) distant, airy, fresh, loose, far, (v) open, start, 3. near (yakın); synonyms (prep) around, (adv) close, almost, towards, approximately, nearly, (adj) adjoining, contiguous, imminent, impending, closer, handy, (v) familiar, approach, intimate. yakma 1. lighting; synonyms (n) illumination, light, firing, ignition, kindling, inflammation, brightness, discharge, dismissal, dismission, fire, igniter, ignitor, installation, liberation, 2. firing; synonyms (v) burst, detonation, (adj) combustible, (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

488

Turkish - English

combustion, explosion, fuel, lighting, release, sack, sacking, blast. yakmak 1. burn (yanmak); synonyms (v) bite, glow, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam, boil, cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj) flush; antonym (v) dawdle, 2. fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, bonfire, (v) excite, eject, dismiss, kindle, expel, animate, arouse, burn; antonym (v) hire, 3. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, airy, (n) brightness, daylight, illumination, dawn, (v) inflame, dismount, illuminate, enkindle; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy. yalak basin; synonyms (n) bowl, pot, depression, dock, hollow, tank, washbasin, washbowl, basinful, cavity, cup, lavatory, pool, sink, washstand. yalan 1. lie; synonyms (v) consist, repose, falsify, belong, couch, (n) fabrication, falsehood, falsity, fib, fiction, rest, untruth, bluff, counterfeit, deceit; antonyms (v) stand, (n) truth, 2. tale; synonyms (n) story, account, narrative, fable, narration, recital, report, history, legend, lie, relation, yarn, gossip, novel, romance, 3. invention; synonyms (n) contrivance, conception, creation, imagination, discovery, artifice, design, device, excogitation, forgery, innovation, creativity, fantasy, idea, breakthrough, 4. story; synonyms (n) layer, tale, floor, level, stage, storey, explanation, article, description, allegory, loft, rumor, anecdote, chronicle, record. yalancı artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real. yalancılık lying; synonyms (adj) deceitful, false, deceptive, mendacious, untrue, misleading, fraudulent, recumbent, (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, deceit, dishonesty, duplicity, prevarication; antonyms (adj) honest, (n) honesty. yalanlama 1. contradiction; synonyms (n) antithesis, denial, clash, contrast, disagreement, discrepancy, inconsistency, opposite, refutation, reverse; antonym (n) agreement, 2. denial; synonyms (n) negation, abnegation, renunciation, repulse, no, abjuration, contradiction, negative, refusal, rejection, forswearing, nay, abandonment, rebuff, rebuttal; antonyms (n) acceptance, affirmation, declaration, admission, confession. yalanlamak deny; synonyms (v) contradict, controvert, decline, disavow, rebuff, abnegate, disown, gainsay, oppose, refuse, reject, renounce, abjure, contravene, disallow; antonyms (v) admit, affirm, acknowledge, claim, declare, agree, maintain.

yalçın steep; synonyms (adj) high, abrupt, excessive, exorbitant, outrageous, sheer, (v) douse, immerse, soak, dip, drench, imbue, infuse, saturate, impregnate; antonyms (adj) gentle, gradual. yalı strand; synonyms (n) coast, shore, rope, chain, filament, line, string, bank, thread, wisp, yarn, (v) beach, maroon, desert, abandon. yalın 1. simple (basit); synonyms (adj) plain, homely, pure, elementary, humble, innocent, mere, natural, rustic, honest, bare, chaste, childish, (v) clear, downright; antonyms (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate, confused, confusing, cunning, multifaceted, problematical, sophisticated, 2. bare; synonyms (adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, desolate, devoid, exposed, nude, vacant, vacuous, barren, (v) empty, show, disclose; antonyms (adj) covered, cultivated, concealed, (v) cover, 3. naked (çıplak); synonyms (adj) open, raw, unclothed, defenseless, defenceless, undraped, alone, denuded, destitute, simple, unaided, unvarnished, 4. bald; synonyms (adj) hairless, meager, threadbare, barefaced, dry, forthright, (v) stupid, uninteresting; antonym (adj) hairy. yalıtılmış isolated; synonyms (adj) detached, apart, deserted, separate, distant, desolate, insular, lone, lonely, lonesome, remote, separated, single, solitary, sporadic; antonym (adj) inhabited. yalıtım insulation; synonyms (n) insularity, insulating, detachment, insulant, lining, isolation, insularism, blubber, breakup, casing, coat, cover, covering, disengagement, exclusiveness. yalnız 1. alone; synonyms (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome, all, deserted, unequalled, (adv) only, solely, apart, entirely, exclusively, individually, separately, (n) isolated; antonym (adv) together, 2. exclusively; synonyms (adv) alone, completely, purely, specially, wholly, totally, 3. only (ancak); synonyms (adv) but, just, merely, barely, simply, however, hardly, exactly, nevertheless, absolutely, (adj) exclusive, lone, one, sole, solitary, 4. lonely; synonyms (adj) desolate, dreary, forsaken, desert, friendless, remote, secluded, bleak, sequestered, odd, private; antonym (adj) sociable, 5. sole; synonyms (adj) single, singular, particular, separate, rare, unique, unmarried, (n) bottom, base, flounder, shoe, foot, plaice, nadir, (v) resole. yalnızlık 1. isolation; synonyms (n) alienation, estrangement, insulation, privacy, dissociation, loneliness, seclusion, secrecy, solitude, desolation, segregation, separation, disaffection; antonyms (n) closeness, companionship, 2. loneliness; synonyms (n) aloneness, isolation, lonesomeness, solitariness, bleakness, forlornness, 3. privacy (mahremiyet); synonyms (n) confidentiality,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English darkness, privateness, retreat, concealment, shelter, retirement. yalpa roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow.

yalvarma 1. cry (ağlamak, bağırmak, feryat); synonyms (n) shout, bark, scream, yell, clamor, roar, bay, crying, (v) call, bellow, shriek, weep, exclaim, howl, moan; antonyms (v) laugh, whisper, 2. plea; synonyms (n) defense, justification, answer, apology, appeal, petition, pretext, claim, allegation, entreaty, excuse, prayer, argument, alibi, advocacy. yalvarmak 1. appeal; synonyms (n) plea, address, application, attraction, demand, entreaty, lure, (v) charm, request, sue, ask, attract, beseech, implore, interest; antonyms (n) unpleasantness, (v) repel, 2. pray; synonyms (v) beg, entreat, crave, appeal, invite, plead, importune, invoke, petition, supplicate, bid, solicit, (adv) please, do. yama patch (yamamak); synonyms (n) darn, fleck, mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle, bit, blotch, dapple, field, maculation, (v) piece, botch, fix. yamaç 1. hillside; synonyms (n) brae, bank, hill, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 3. brow; synonyms (n) peak, brink, height, crown, edge, eyebrow, forehead, front, rim, summit, top, verge, landing, 4. slope; synonyms (n) incline, declivity, fall, grade, gradient, inclination, hillside, ramp, side, (v) slant, cant, lean, tilt, tip, (adj) obliquity. yamamak patch (yama); synonyms (n) darn, fleck, mend, plot, bed, blot, freckle, bit, blotch, dapple, field, maculation, (v) piece, botch, fix. yan side (kenar); synonyms (n) edge, rim, faction, border, brink, direction, face, part, hand, aspect, facet, margin, page, position, (v) party; antonym (adj) distant. yanak cheek; synonyms (n) audacity, boldness, brass, face, impertinence, nerve, gall, impudence, insolence, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect. yanan burning; synonyms (adj) ardent, ablaze, afire, blazing, boiling, flaming, hot, passionate, aflame, alight, (n) combustion, firing, glowing, zealous, burn; antonyms (adj) cold, cool, trivial. yangın fire (ateş); synonyms (n) discharge, ardor, conflagration, explode, fervor, flame, (v) excite, eject, blaze, dismiss, ignite, kindle, expel, animate, arouse; antonym (v) hire.

489

yani namely; synonyms (adv) videlicet, viz, scilicet, expressly, nominately, explicitly, i.e, specially, viz, wit. yanık burn (yakmak, yanmak); synonyms (v) bite, glow, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam, boil, cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj) flush; antonym (v) dawdle. yanılgı 1. error (hata); synonyms (n) deviation, blunder, fault, mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse, oversight, crime, defect, demerit, guilt, misunderstanding, falsehood, confusion; antonym (n) correctness, 2. mistake; synonyms (n) error, failure, misapprehension, misconception, inaccuracy, trip, misprint, (v) err, misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, misconstrue, confound. yanılmak 1. mistake; synonyms (n) blunder, fault, defect, error, failure, misapprehension, misconception, demerit, inaccuracy, (v) err, misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, 2. slip; synonyms (n) lapse, mistake, cutting, escape, oversight, scion, trip, ticket, band, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, sag; antonym (v) improve. yanılsama illusion; synonyms (n) delusion, hallucination, fantasy, apparition, deception, fancy, magic, chimera, deceit, dissimulation, fallacy, phantom, trick, vision, figment; antonym (n) reality. yanında 1. by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over, 2. alongside; synonyms (prep) by, with, (adv) abreast, aboard, nearby, (adj) next, near. yanından by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. yanıt 1. response (cevap); synonyms (n) answer, reaction, reception, echo, retort, return, respond, effect, chant, chaunt, comeback, (v) reply, rejoinder, (adj) sympathy, cordiality, 2. answer (cevap, cevap vermek); synonyms (n) solution, defense, response, riposte, (v) counter, resolve, serve, acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, suffice, suit, refute, (adj) pay; antonyms (v) question, ask, 3. reply (cevap); synonyms (n) repay, replication, repartee, (v) react, rejoin, say.

yanıtlamak answer (cevap, cevap vermek); synonyms (n) reply, respond, retort, return, solution, defense, echo, (v) counter, resolve, serve, acknowledge, agree, correspond, do, (adj) pay; antonyms (v) question, ask. yankı 1. echo; synonyms (n) answer, repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, (v) repeat, reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound, ape, copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate, 2. reflection

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

490

Turkish - English

(yansıma); synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection, image, animadversion, conception. yankılanmak echo (yankı); synonyms (n) answer, repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, (v) repeat, reproduce, resound, reverberate, rebound, ape, copy, imitate, reflect, reiterate. yanlış 1. false (taklit); synonyms (adj) bastard, counterfeit, untrue, deceitful, dishonest, erroneous, artificial, assumed, deceptive, disloyal, faithless, fake, fictitious, sham, ersatz; antonyms (adj) true, real, correct, factual, faithful, genuine, natural, truthful, honest, valid, 2. incorrect; synonyms (adj) improper, false, inaccurate, inappropriate, wrong, imprecise, faulty, amiss, bad, fallacious, inexact, mistaken, error, imperfect, defective; antonym (adj) right, 3. mistake; synonyms (n) blunder, fault, defect, failure, misapprehension, misconception, demerit, inaccuracy, misunderstanding, (v) err, misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, 4. error (hata); synonyms (n) deviation, mistake, delusion, lapse, oversight, crime, guilt, falsehood, confusion, erroneousness, fallacy, misprint, omission, sin, transgression; antonym (n) correctness, 5. wrong; synonyms (adj) harm, evil, ill, incorrect, abuse, criminal, iniquitous, unjust, vicious, wicked, (n) damage, injure, injury, injustice, hurt; antonyms (adj) good, proper, lawabiding, (adv) correctly, (n) justice. yanlışlık 1. error (hata); synonyms (n) deviation, blunder, fault, mistake, wrong, delusion, lapse, oversight, crime, defect, demerit, guilt, misunderstanding, falsehood, confusion; antonym (n) correctness, 2. slip; synonyms (n) cutting, error, escape, scion, trip, ticket, band, dip, gaffe, (v) fall, slide, drop, glide, skid, sag; antonym (v) improve, 3. fault (arıza, bozukluk, hata, kusur); synonyms (n) blemish, failing, blame, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, weakness, default, failure, fracture, imperfection, misdeed, (v) deficiency, culpability; antonyms (n) merit, strength, 4. mistake; synonyms (n) misapprehension, misconception, inaccuracy, misprint, foolishness, fallacy, (v) err, misapprehend, slip, confuse, misjudge, misunderstand, misconstrue, confound, misinterpret. yanmak 1. burn (yakmak); synonyms (v) bite, glow, blaze, incinerate, scorch, sting, bake, beam, boil, cremate, flare, ignite, sunburn, (n) fire, (adj) flush; antonym (v) dawdle, 2. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, facile, easy, faint, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, illumination, dawn, (v) kindle, inflame, dismount, illuminate; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp)

heavy, 3. glow; synonyms (n) color, glare, sparkle, flash, brilliance, effulgence, fervor, gleaming, (v) blush, gleam, glimmer, shine, burn, warmth, glint; antonym (n) dullness, 4. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) bright, crafty, dapper, quick, shrewd, sly, prompt, astute, chic, clever, intelligent, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain, sharp; antonyms (adj) scruffy, stupid, dim, shabby, unkempt, slow. yansıma reflection; synonyms (n) consideration, contemplation, observation, cogitation, deliberation, meditation, musing, reflexion, thought, idea, notion, introspection, image, repercussion, animadversion. yansıtmak 1. reflect; synonyms (v) deliberate, ponder, cogitate, consider, contemplate, meditate, muse, mirror, mull, think, bethink, echo, excogitate, ruminate, shine, 2. mirror (ayna); synonyms (n) model, exemplar, (v) glass, imitate, copy, reflect, represent, reproduce, lens, mimic, (adj) pattern, cynosure, 3. echo (yankı); synonyms (n) answer, repercussion, reaction, reflection, replication, reply, reverberation, (v) repeat, resound, reverberate, rebound, ape, reiterate, ring, duplicate. yansız neutral; synonyms (adj) disinterested, impartial, indifferent, dispassionate, impersonal, noncommittal, colorless, detached, fair, inert, objective, unbiased, apathetic, independent, (n) neuter; antonyms (adj) biased, aromatic, colorful. yantümce clause; synonyms (n) article, paragraph, provision, rider, section, chapter, member, condition, prerequisite, proviso, requirement, stipulation, (v) passage. yapağı wool (yün); synonyms (n) fleece, fur, coat, hair, woolen, woollen, yarn, fiber, pelt, sheepskin, strand, string, thread, hide, mane. yapan acting; synonyms (adj) active, interim, temporary, provisional, (n) enactment, drama, playing; antonym (adj) permanent. yapay artificial; synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real. yapı 1. structure (bünye); synonyms (n) form, building, arrangement, edifice, shape, constitution, construction, frame, framework, organization, architecture, establishment, conformation, composition, erection, 2. building (bina); synonyms (n) fabric, fabrication, house, assembly, creation, mansion, structure, (v) pile, (adj) augmentative, augmenting, 3. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design, drive; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 4. build (kurmak); synonyms (v) make, erect, establish, raise, rise, base, fabricate, found, rear, formulate, calculate, compile, compose, (n) figure, built; antonym (v) demolish, 5.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English construction; synonyms (n) formation, production, making, reading, anatomy, development, exposition, interpretation, manufacture, translation, version, housing; antonym (n) destruction, 6. fabric; synonyms (n) cloth, material, fiber, performance, stuff, textile, texture, net, work, 7. constitution (anayasa); synonyms (n) code, makeup, temperament, foundation, character, charter, disposition, law, configuration, habit, health, humor, mood, (adj) nature, principle, 8. fibre; synonyms (n) case, eccentric, grapheme, lineament, part, persona, reference, role, shred, toughness, type, 9. texture (doku); synonyms (n) grain, tissue, weave, web, woof, (v) finish. yapıcı constructive; synonyms (adj) positive, beneficial, helpful, productive, useful, worthwhile, practical; antonyms (adj) negative, unhelpful, destructive. yapılabilir 1. feasible; synonyms (adj) practicable, possible, probable, fit, achievable, available, credible, doable, likely, practical, realizable, viable, attainable, executable, plausible; antonym (adj) impossible, 2. practicable; synonyms (adj) feasible, operable, workable, handy, usable, useful, functional, performable. yapılmış 1. made; synonyms (adj) finished, built, ready, constructed, formed, prepared, synthetic, bound, complete, completed, ended, fictitious, rabid, through, 2. done (tamam); synonyms (adj) over, gone; antonym (adj) unfinished. yapım 1. production (üretim); synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition, 2. manufacture; synonyms (n) construction, production, industry, assembly, (v) construct, make, frame, fabricate, build, contrive, invent, form, forge, concoct, create. yapımcı producer; synonyms (n) director, creator, manufacturer, author, maker, manager, cause, entrepreneur, farmer. yapısal 1. structural; synonyms (adj) organic, tectonic, geomorphologic, geomorphological, morphologic, morphological, edificial, fundamental, 2. constructive; synonyms (adj) positive, beneficial, helpful, productive, useful, worthwhile, practical; antonyms (adj) negative, unhelpful, destructive, 3. constitutional; synonyms (adj) congenital, essential, inherent, intrinsic, legal, constituent, constitutive, inborn, inbuilt, innate, integral, lawful, (n) walk, journey, (v) ramble; antonym (adj) unconstitutional, 4. structured; synonyms (adj) integrated, amalgamated, controlled, incorporate, incorporated, intermingled, merged, methodical,

491

mixed, ordered, planned, prearranged, prepared, unified. yapışkan sticky; synonyms (adj) adhesive, awkward, clammy, muggy, embarrassing, glutinous, gummy, humid, difficult, slimy, gluey, gooey, hard, mucilaginous, pasty; antonyms (adj) dry, fresh, easy. yapışmak stick (yapıştırmak); synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold. yapıştırmak 1. stick; synonyms (n) bar, club, (v) adhere, stab, attach, cling, fix, paste, staff, cohere, affix, bind, cleave, fasten, hold, 2. cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, size, cementum, (v) join, plaster, stick, secure, (adj) concrete, 3. bond (bağ, bono); synonyms (n) association, tie, alliance, deed, agreement, cement, attachment, bail, connection, joint, link, adhesion, chain, contract, (v) band. yapıt production (üretim); synonyms (n) output, generation, product, manufacturing, performance, creation, formation, produce, staging, fabrication, fruit, manufacture, origination, presentation, (v) exhibition. yapma 1. fulfilment; synonym (n) fulfillment, 2. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, feigned, forced, mannered, phony, strained, unnatural, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff; antonyms (adj) natural, genuine, real. yapmacık 1. affected; synonyms (adj) artificial, unnatural, pompous, pretentious, stilted, pedantic, assumed, concerned, contrived, exaggerated, feigned, forced, pretended, snobbish, strained; antonyms (adj) unaffected, down-to-earth, natural, unchanged, 2. artificial (yapay); synonyms (adj) affected, theatrical, bogus, fake, false, mannered, phony, unreal, hypocritical, precious, stiff, manufactured, forged, artful, counterfeit; antonyms (adj) genuine, real, 3. theatrical; synonyms (adj) melodramatic, dramatic, histrionic, stagy, theatric, spectacular, (n) histrionics; antonym (adj) untheatrical. yapmacıksız unaffected; synonyms (adj) simple, artless, sincere, genuine, natural, plain, real, unimpressed, ingenuous, honest, naive, unsophisticated, untouched, chaste, impervious; antonym (adj) affected. yapmak 1. make (etmek); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 2. perform; synonyms (v) execute, accomplish, fulfill, achieve, complete, appear, behave, effect, make, play, enact, function, administer, operate, (n) act; antonym (v) neglect, 3. do (etmek); synonyms (v) cheat, commit, conduct,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

492

Turkish - English

perform, practice, defraud, answer, arrange, serve, be, cut, (n) occasion, bash, (adj) suffice, avail; antonym (v) unmake, 4. fulfil (yerine getirmek); synonyms (v) fill, satisfy, meet, 5. fashion (moda); synonyms (n) mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way, custom, guise, style, wise, (v) contrive, cast, shape, compose, adjust, 6. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, statute, decree, feat, law, performance, (v) achievement, deed, go, acquit, feign, pretend, work; antonym (v) refrain, 7. build (kurmak); synonyms (v) erect, establish, raise, rise, base, fabricate, found, rear, formulate, calculate, compile, (n) frame, construction, figure, built; antonym (v) demolish, 8. commit; synonyms (v) commend, assign, charge, consign, apply, confide, dedicate, entrust, submit, deliver, devote, intrust, leave, send, trust. yaprak 1. leaf; synonyms (n) blade, page, foliage, folio, leafage, slip, (v) sheet, leave, flick, flip, 2. sheet; synonyms (n) board, layer, leaf, canvas, film, paper, coat, coating, blanket, cover, coverlet, newspaper, piece, plane, sail. yapraklar foliage; synonyms (n) leafage, foliation, leaf, ramage, stem, tigella, flora, foliature, plants, shroud, undergrowth, vegetation, folio, frondescence, garment. yaptırmak 1. make (etmek, yapmak); synonyms (v) build, cause, construct, do, create, fashion, force, get, give, produce, let, compel, constitute, design, (n) form; antonyms (v) destroy, lose, 2. get

(almak, elde etmek, olmak, varmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, attain, become, catch, earn, buy, come, fall, fetch, take, achieve, beget, bring, capture; antonym (v) leave. yar cliff (uçurum); synonyms (n) bluff, precipice, hill, mountain, promontory, (adj) wall. yara 1. wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain, injury, scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure, stab, sting, insult, maim, bite, 2. sore; synonyms (adj) painful, sensitive, angry, raw, indignant, aching, huffy, mad, severe, (n) boil, lesion, canker, abscess, (v) acute, sharp; antonym (adj) painless, 3. injury; synonyms (n) disadvantage, disservice, grievance, detriment, impairment, wound, ill, affront, contusion, evil, loss, wrong, concussion, mischief, (v) abuse; antonyms (n) ability, reparation, 4. ulcer (ülser); synonyms (n) ulceration, blister, carbuncle, cyst, spot, (v) fester, ulcerate, (adj) sore, cancer. yaradılış 1. build (kurmak); synonyms (v) make, erect, establish, raise, rise, base, construct, create, fabricate, fashion, (n) form, shape, frame, construction, figure; antonyms (v) demolish, destroy, 2. creation; synonyms (n) cosmos, production, world, composition, invention, conception, creature, fabrication, formation,

foundation, founding, piece, product, universe, work; antonyms (n) destruction, end, 3. constitution (anayasa); synonyms (n) code, makeup, organization, temperament, build, character, charter, disposition, law, structure, architecture, arrangement, configuration, establishment, (adj) nature, 4. temperament; synonyms (n) temper, constitution, personality, quality, humor, spirit, composure, equanimity, mettle, calmness, heart, inclination, modulation, mood, morale. yaralamak wound; synonyms (n) bruise, harm, pain, injury, scratch, (v) hurt, cut, damage, offend, injure, stab, sting, insult, maim, bite. yaralanabilir vulnerable; synonyms (adj) weak, exposed, sensitive, susceptible, tender, defenseless, feeble, unguarded, unprotected, insecure, impressionable, powerless, liable, subject, (v) frail; antonyms (adj) safe, impervious, invincible, invulnerable, unassailable, unbeatable, secure, untouchable. yaralı injured; synonyms (adj) aggrieved, hurt, broken, wounded, affected, damaged, offended, pained, defective, insulted, abused, aching, ailing, angry, (n) casualty; antonym (adj) unharmed. yaramak benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm. yaramaz 1. naughty; synonyms (adj) bad, blue, impish, mischievous, improper, disobedient, insubordinate, wicked, evil, lewd, dark, defiant, racy, rebellious, risque; antonyms (adj) wellbehaved, good, 2. wicked; synonyms (adj) atrocious, sinful, vicious, depraved, immoral, unholy, vile, corrupt, criminal, diabolical, foul, hellish, iniquitous, nasty, naughty; antonyms (adj) innocent, kind, moral, pious, pure. yarar 1. benefit; synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm, 2. advantage (avantaj, üstünlük); synonyms (n) behalf, privilege, account, expediency, lead, preponderance, virtue, perk, boot, convenience, leverage, preference, superiority, usefulness, (v) benefit; antonyms (n) detriment, difficulty, 3. utility; synonyms (n) value, purpose, helpfulness, effectiveness, function, serviceableness, worth, (adj) functional, 4. efficacy; synonyms (n) effect, potency, capability, efficaciousness, efficiency, force, utility, energy, might, power, strength, validity, vigor, (v) weight; antonyms (n) inefficacy, inefficiency, 5. gain (kazanç); synonyms (v) acquire, derive, attain, catch, earn, get, win, achieve, advance, make, reach, find, accomplish, (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English earnings, acquisition; antonym (v) lose, 6. service (hizmet); synonyms (n) employment, ministration, ceremony, business, occupation, office, agency, ministry, homage, rite, (v) overhaul, serve, refit, attendance, repair. yararlanmak 1. enjoy (beğenmek); synonyms (v) appreciate, bask, have, hold, possess, relish, delight, experience, like, love, own, rejoice, revel, devour, take; antonym (v) dislike, 2. benefit (yarar); synonyms (n) advantage, gain, good, assistance, favor, interest, reward, service, use, welfare, (v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help; antonyms (n) disadvantage, drawback, loss, (v) harm. yararlı 1. profitable; synonyms (adj) productive, advantageous, beneficial, fruitful, helpful, good, gainful, lucrative, useful, desirable, economic, fat, valuable, expedient, handy; antonyms (adj) unprofitable, dependent, 2. useful; synonyms (adj) profitable, practical, convenient, effective, functional, clever, constructive, efficient, serviceable, usable, suitable, comfortable, important, practicable, instrumental; antonyms (adj) useless, worthless, ineffective, 3. beneficial; synonyms (adj) favorable, healthy, propitious, salutary, wholesome, worthwhile, curative, genial, healing, kind, rewarding, salubrious, healthful, lucky, nutritious; antonyms (adj) disadvantageous, harmful, 4. helpful; synonyms (adj) friendly, beneficent, accommodating, kindly, obliging, auspicious, generous, conducive, charitable, cheerful, considerate, (n) benevolent, gracious, (v) adjuvant, auxiliary; antonyms (adj) unhelpful, uncooperative, 5. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, right, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, agreeable, gentle, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad. yararsız 1. useless; synonyms (adj) futile, pointless, unnecessary, needless, abortive, fruitless, hopeless, worthless, idle, barren, superfluous, bootless, incompetent, ineffective, ineffectual; antonyms (adj) useful, helpful, competent, effective, convenient, necessary, valuable, 2. pointless; synonyms (adj) meaningless, flat, aimless, blunt, purposeless, senseless, dull, inane, otiose, silly, stupid, useless, insipid, irrelevant, hollow; antonyms (adj) meaningful, worthwhile. yarasa bat; synonyms (n) club, rapidity, blow, cudgel, flittermouse, punch, stick, (v) hit, beat, blink, lick, slam, thrash, flutter. yaraşmak become (olmak); synonyms (v) be, grow, suit, arise, get, match, sit, come, fall, fit, go, make, turn, wax, change. yaratıcı 1. productive (üretken); synonyms (adj) fertile, fruitful, plentiful, fat, generative, helpful, copious, lucrative, constructive, inventive, original, abundant, creative, fecund, plenteous; antonyms

493

(adj) unproductive, barren, unprofitable, 2. author (yazar); synonyms (n) writer, architect, creator,

founder, inventor, originator, parent, producer, father, generator, maker, dramatist, (v) compose, create, write, 3. imaginative; synonyms (adj) ingenious, clever, fanciful, fantastic, resourceful, artistic; antonyms (adj) unimaginative, logical, 4. original (orijinal, özgün); synonyms (adj) first, authentic, native, new, primary, primitive, indigenous, aboriginal, early, fresh, imaginative, primeval, primordial, (n) archetype, model; antonyms (adj) commonplace, banal, copied, corny, derivative, hackneyed, well-worn, conventional, resulting, (n) copy, counterfeit, fake, imitation, replica. yaratık 1. creature; synonyms (n) beast, being, brute, animal, individual, tool, body, entity, human, person, puppet, somebody, man, mortal, organism, 2. thing (şey); synonyms (n) matter, affair, event, object, occurrence, article, concern, happening, something, substance, occasion, incident, business, deed, item. yaratmak create; synonyms (v) cause, construct, make, constitute, produce, beget, breed, build, compose, do, establish, form, generate, institute, start; antonyms (v) destroy, terminate. yarda yard (avlu); synonyms (n) court, courtyard, garden, backyard, grounds, close, quadrangle, enclosure, beehive, bindery, chiliad, g, grand, m, nailery. yardım 1. help (imdat, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 2. assistance; synonyms (n) relief, backing, charity, hand, help, remedy, service, advantage, lift, second, collaboration, comfort, cooperation, patronage, (v) succor, 3. hand (el); synonyms (n) deal, applause, employee, paw, worker, (v) deliver, give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, reach, grant, provide, 4. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance, donation, gift, offering, share, tax, effort, dues, endowment, investment, part, participation, payment, present, 5. backing; synonyms (n) approval, endorsement, accompaniment, championship, promotion, sanction, sponsorship, sustenance, funding, funds, 6. favour; synonyms (v) choose, prefer, privilege, 7. cooperation; synonyms (n) concurrence, association, teamwork, partnership, alliance; antonyms (n) stubbornness, competition, confrontation, rivalry, 8. aid; synonyms (n) care, recourse, facility, associate, means, (v) abet, minister, serve, countenance, encourage, relieve, accommodate, improve, cooperate, advance, 9. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

494

Turkish - English

elevate, erect, filch, hike, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, steal, swipe, 10. relief; synonyms (n) consolation, relaxation, release, respite, solace, abatement, alleviation, redress, rest, amends, assuagement, break, easing, embossment, ministration, 11.

support (dayanak, destek, desteklemek); synonyms (n) stand, keep, maintenance, (v) prop, back, brace, maintain, bear, carry, confirm, corroborate, defend, hold, nourish, nurture; antonyms (v) oppose, neglect, undermine, abandon, reject, weaken. yardımcı 1. assistant (asistan); synonyms (adj) ancillary, adjunct, (n) accessory, assist, subordinate, acolyte, accomplice, assistance, auxiliary, colleague, helper, adjutant, aide, associate, (v) aid, 2. help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, forward, back, (n) benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement, backing; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment, 3. subsidiary; synonyms (n) underling, (adj) subservient, secondary, additional, minor, appurtenant, incidental, inferior, supplemental, supplementary, acceding, accompanying, adjuvant, (v) ministrant, 4. deputy; synonyms (n) agent, surrogate, alternate, delegate, substitute, ambassador, replacement, representative, vicar, spokesman, envoy, help, lieutenant, (adj) proxy, acting, 5. friend (ahbap, arkadaş, dost); synonyms (n) fellow, acquaintance, ally, crony, advocate, booster, buddy, mate, connection, wellwisher, attendant, cohort, partner, (adj) companion, comrade; antonyms (n) enemy, foe, stranger, rival, 6. aid; synonyms (n) relief, care, hand, lift, patronage, recourse, second, (v) abet, minister, serve, comfort, countenance, encourage, relieve, remedy, 7. supporter; synonyms (n) partisan, admirer, backer, follower, friend, patron, sponsor, believer, benefactor, champion, devotee, disciple, fan, protagonist, upholder; antonyms (n) opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic. yardımsever 1. charitable; synonyms (adj) merciful, benevolent, clement, gentle, kind, bountiful, generous, humane, kindly, lenient, liberal, magnanimous, philanthropic, compassionate, forbearing; antonyms (adj) unforgiving, mean, nasty, uncharitable, 2. helpful; synonyms (adj) beneficial, favorable, advantageous, friendly, handy, useful, beneficent, convenient, accommodating, constructive, instrumental, obliging, profitable, valuable, (v) adjuvant; antonyms (adj) unhelpful, useless, uncooperative, worthless. yardımseverlik charity (sadaka); synonyms (n) bounty, dole, favor, aid, generosity, kindness, liberality, mercy, virtue, clemency, compassion,

gift, pity, (v) almsgiving, (adj) benignity; antonyms (n) miserliness, intolerance.

yardým help (imdat, yardım, yardım etmek); synonyms (v) aid, assist, avail, facilitate, favor, ease, alleviate, contribute, (n) assistance, benefit, support, assistant, cure, boost, encouragement; antonyms (v) hinder, worsen, (n) hindrance, detriment. yargı 1. judgement; synonyms (n) discretion, assessment, discernment, opinion, belief, judging, judgment, mind, perspicacity, sagacity, 2. ruling; synonyms (adj) leading, regnant, reigning, prevailing, prevalent, (n) rule, decision, decree, edict, act, directive, judgement, law, pronouncement, verdict. yargıç 1. judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think, believe, condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate, decide, guess, umpire, 2. justice (adalet); synonyms (n) equity, fairness, impartiality, integrity, judge, right, judicature, jurist, justness, morality, correctness, court, (adj) honesty, just, principle; antonyms (n) injustice, unfairness. yargılama trial (deneme); synonyms (n) test, examination, experiment, affliction, essay, hardship, hearing, adversity, audition, attempt, difficulty, distress, effort, endeavor, (adj) experimental. yargılamak 1. try; synonyms (v) attempt, test, struggle, prove, strive, assay, examine, experiment, judge, sample, (n) endeavor, essay, chance, effort, shot, 2. judge; synonyms (n) arbiter, arbitrator, referee, (v) consider, estimate, evaluate, think, believe, condemn, assess, adjudicate, calculate, decide, guess, umpire. yarı half (buçuk); synonyms (n) mediety, halve, piece, bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal, imperfectly, (adj) moiety, part, short, behalf, bisected, divided, even-steven, halved; antonyms (n) whole, all. yarıçap radius; synonyms (n) length, semidiameter, spoke, range, compass, scope, bar, bore, caliber, diameter, line. yarık 1. breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crack, crevice, fracture, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, (v) break, rupture, contravene, fissure; antonym (n) observance, 2. slot; synonyms (n) groove, place, notch, position, cut, section, class, nick, partition, spot, track, compartment, group, (v) slit, rank, 3. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, division, fork, part, rive, (n) rip, tear, cleavage, cleft, parting; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 4. cut (kesmek); synonyms (v) carve, chop, clip, abbreviate, abridge, bite, condense, crop, drop, fashion, reduce, (n) slice, cutting, blow, gash; antonyms (v) increase, lengthen, (n) addition, extension, 5. gap (aralık,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English boşluk); synonyms (n) chasm, clearance, difference, vacancy, blank, disparity, disruption, hiatus, hole, interruption, interval, discrepancy, chap, variance, fault, 6. chap; synonyms (n) fellow, person, blighter, cranny, guy, lad, man, beau, scissure, cuss, fella, feller, gent, male, wight; antonym (n) woman, 7. rent; synonyms (n) lease, let, flaw, interstice, pay, rental, (v) hire, charter, engage, take, mesh, employ, allow, (adj) torn, blasted. yarıküre hemisphere; synonyms (n) area, realm, region, sphere, ground, orb, quarter, field, half, soil. yarılmak crack; synonyms (n) break, fracture, cleft, fissure, chip, (v) chink, crevice, split, breach, burst, snap, clap, bang, check, cleave; antonyms (v) repair, mend. yarım half (buçuk); synonyms (n) mediety, halve, piece, bisection, hemisphere, (adv) halfendeal, imperfectly, (adj) moiety, part, short, behalf, bisected, divided, even-steven, halved; antonyms (n) whole, all. yarımyamalak superficial (yüzeysel); synonyms (adj) cursory, shallow, external, sketchy, slight, apparent, exterior, frivolous, outward, surface, outer, flimsy, empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms (adj) deep, innate, real, thorough, profound, inner, permanent. yarın tomorrow; synonyms (adv) kal, never. yarış 1. race; synonyms (n) kind, dash, family, career, competition, people, kin, nation, (v) course, run, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj) lineage, 2. run (çalıştırmak, koşmak); synonyms (v) flow, rule, gush, race, conduct, direct, function, go, operate, pour, progress, (n) pass, campaign, drive, (adj) stream. yarışçı competitor; synonyms (n) rival, antagonist, adversary, candidate, challenger, match, competition, contender, opponent, enemy, aspirant, entrant, contestant, corrival, player. yarışma 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition, conflict, fight, altercation, contention, race, struggle, (v) battle, compete, combat, contend, dispute, argue, challenge, 2. competition; synonyms (n) contest, rivalry, competitor, game, match, rival, contender, emulation, event, feud, fixture, opposition, strife, challenger; antonym (n) cooperation. yarışmacı competitor; synonyms (n) rival, antagonist, adversary, candidate, challenger, match, competition, contender, opponent, enemy, aspirant, entrant, contestant, corrival, player. yarışmak 1. contest; synonyms (n) bout, competition, conflict, fight, altercation, contention, race, struggle, (v) battle, compete, combat, contend, dispute, argue, challenge, 2. compete; synonyms (v) emulate, rival, strive, participate, oppose,

495

contest, vie, play, run, 3. race; synonyms (n) kind, dash, family, career, people, kin, nation, pedigree, birth, (v) course, rush, fly, hasten, hurry, (adj) lineage.

yarma split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme, yarmak); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge.

yarmak 1. split (ayırmak, bölmek, bölünme); synonyms (v) crack, cut, fracture, slit, burst, divide, separate, divorce, breach, cleave, (n) break, rip, rupture, tear, cleavage; antonyms (v) join, unite, merge, 2. breach; synonyms (n) aperture, chink, crevice, gap, infringement, opening, rift, split, trespass, cranny, cleft, disruption, (v) contravene, fissure, violate; antonym (n) observance. yaş 1. age; synonyms (n) period, aeon, day, era, time, cycle, years, antiquity, epoch, eternity, generation, (v) mature, grow, ripen, develop, 2. wet (ıslak, ıslatmak); synonyms (adj) damp, humid, drenched, moist, soaked, sodden, dank, rainy, saturated, soggy, (v) moisten, water, dampen, wash, (n) moisture; antonyms (adj) dehydrated, parched, (v) dry. yasa 1. law (hukuk, kanun); synonyms (n) rule, canon, decree, act, edict, regulation, enactment, jurisprudence, justice, order, police, principle, ruling, axiom, directive, 2. statute (kural); synonyms (n) law, ordinance, constitution, charter, code, bill, pandect, proclamation, 3. act (davranmak, hareket, rol yapmak); synonyms (n) accomplishment, action, move, play, statute, do, feat, (v) achievement, behave, deed, go, perform, acquit, enact, feign; antonym (v) refrain. yasadışı illegal; synonyms (adj) criminal, forbidden, prohibited, unauthorized, unlawful, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, taboo, wrongful; antonyms (adj) legal, lawful, honest, legitimate, official. yasak 1. forbidden; synonyms (adj) unlawful, banned, illegal, prohibited, taboo, contraband, illicit, proscribed, verboten; antonym (adj) acceptable, 2. ban; synonyms (n) anathema, bar, veto, restraint, command, curse, embargo, prohibition, (v) forbid, prohibit, banish, exclude, expel, enjoin, illegalize; antonyms (v) permit, allow, sanction, 3. prohibition; synonyms (n) ban, exclusion, forbiddance, inhibition, interdiction, banning, forbidding, injunction, proscription, enjoinment, impediment, interdict, restriction, denial, noninclusion; antonym (n) entitlement. yasaklamak 1. bar (bar, çubuk); synonyms (n) barricade, band, stop, line, pub, snag, (v) ban, block, bolt, exclude, obstruct, arrest, balk, dam, foreclose; antonyms (v) permit, allow, 2. ban; synonyms (n) anathema, bar, veto, restraint, command, curse,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

496

Turkish - English

embargo, prohibition, (v) forbid, prohibit, banish, expel, enjoin, illegalize, reject; antonym (v) sanction. yasaklanmış forbidden (yasak); synonyms (adj) unlawful, banned, illegal, prohibited, taboo, contraband, illicit, proscribed, verboten; antonym (adj) acceptable. yasal 1. legal; synonyms (adj) lawful, sound, valid, juridical, constitutional, judicial, permissible, rightful, true, correct, sanctioned, official, (v) allowable, legitimate, licit; antonyms (adj) illegal, unlawful, bogus, 2. lawful; synonyms (adj) legal, just, justifiable, regular, right, equitable, fair, admissible, innocent, due, genuine, honest, (v) chartered, 3. legitimate; synonyms (adj) authentic, orthodox, logical, real, actual, allowed, proper, reasonable, authoritative, authorized, (v) legalize, legitimatize, legitimize, decriminalize, legalise; antonyms (adj) banned, informal, illegitimate, invalid, 4. statutory; synonyms (adj) statutable, canonical, 5. valid (Geçerli); synonyms (adj) solid, forcible, substantial, good, powerful, strong, cogent, effectual, hard, competent, confirmed, adequate, convincing, hardy, persuasive; antonyms (adj) unacceptable, annulled, illogical. yaşam life (hayat); synonyms (n) animation, energy, spirit, activity, being, biography, dash, enthusiasm, existence, exuberance, live, briskness, career, autobiography, endurance; antonym (n) lethargy. yasama legislation; synonyms (n) lawmaking, legislating, law, conduct, government, gubernation, passage, administration, constitution, nomology. yaşama living (canlı); synonyms (adj) lively, alive, live, extant, active, animated, animate, fresh, quick, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death. yaşamak 1. live (canlı, oturmak); synonyms (v) exist, inhabit, reside, subsist, abide, be, dwell, endure, stay, survive, (adj) alive, active, animate, living, (n) go; antonyms (adj) dead, inanimate, 2. exist (var olmak); synonyms (v) lie, consist, belong, continue, live, occur, hold, remain; antonym (v) die, 3. experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, taste, (v) encounter, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know, meet, receive, sustain, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience. yaşamsal vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential, indispensable, animated, alive, crucial, fundamental, important, lively, main, necessary, chief, momentous, live, dynamic; antonyms (adj) trivial, insignificant, minor, optional, unimportant. yaşantı experience (deneyim, tecrübe); synonyms (n) event, episode, happening, (v) encounter, endure, suffer, examine, enjoy, feel, have, know,

live, meet, receive, (adj) see; antonym (n) inexperience. yaşayan 1. living (canlı); synonyms (adj) lively, alive, live, extant, active, animated, animate, fresh, quick, (n) livelihood, being, life, aliveness, animation, benefice; antonyms (adj) inanimate, (n) dead, death, 2. alive (canlı); synonyms (adj) living, sensible, vivacious, responsive, aware, eager, acute, energetic, awake, keen, intelligent; antonym (adj) deceased, 3. vital; synonyms (adj) critical, essential, indispensable, crucial, fundamental, important, main, necessary, chief, momentous, dynamic, basic, decisive, imperative, requisite; antonyms (adj) trivial, insignificant, minor, optional, unimportant. yaslama justification; synonyms (n) apology, defense, account, reason, defence, cause, basis, explanation, grounds, vindication, foundation, authority, salvation, sanctification, (v) excuse. yaslamak justify; synonyms (v) excuse, explain, absolve, confirm, defend, exonerate, vindicate, deserve, apologize, claim, exculpate, palliate, rationalize, exempt, (n) warrant. yaşlanmak age (yaş); synonyms (n) period, aeon, day, era, time, cycle, years, antiquity, epoch, eternity, generation, (v) mature, grow, ripen, develop. yaşlı old (eski); synonyms (adj) antiquated, obsolete, ancient, former, aged, antique, elderly, experienced, outdated, veteran, archaic, decrepit, hoary, mature, past; antonyms (adj) new, young, modern, fresh, latest, novel, original, youthful. yassı flat (düz); synonyms (adj) dull, bland, even, plain, insipid, level, plane, tasteless, dreary, boring, absolute, dead, downright, (n) apartment, (v) uninteresting; antonyms (adj) exciting, highpitched, bumpy. yastık 1. pad; synonyms (n) cushion, apartment, digs, wadding, (v) line, inflate, expand, bolster, stuff, wad, aggrandize, amplify, embroider, magnify, enlarge, 2. pillow; synonyms (n) brass, (v) rest, breathe, lie, perch, remain, reside, roost, stay. yat yacht; synonyms (n) boat, vessel, ship, craft, dinghy, clipper, ferry, liner, schooner. yatak 1. bed; synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, rest, support, pallet, understructure, setting, 2. bearing (kerteriz); synonyms (n) carriage, demeanor, appearance, approach, aspect, attitude, conduct, deportment, direction, manner, respect, air, aim, behavior, comportment, 3. sack (torba); synonyms (n) pocket, pouch, sac, (v) pillage, bag, plunder, discharge, dismiss, despoil, fire, ransack, rob, rifle, can, loot; antonym (v) hire. yatay 1. horizontal; synonyms (adj) even, flat, level, plane, straight, direct, prostrate, smooth; antonym (adj) vertical, 2. landscape (peyzaj); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English outlook, scene, scenery, sight, view, vista, ground, lookout, panorama, perspective, picture, (v) prospect, 3. across; synonyms (prep) athwart, cross, overthwart, (adv) over, crossways, crosswise, (adj) crossed; antonyms (adv) along, (adj) uncrossed. yatırım investment; synonyms (n) investing, investiture, clothing, siege, finance, venture, backing, obsession, property, installation, outlay, capital, covering, accession, assets. yatırımcı investor; synonyms (n) banker, capitalist, financier, speculator, backer, benefactor, client, entrepreneur, fan, saver, sponsor, supporter, tycoon, angel, collector. yatırmak 1. deposit (mevduat); synonyms (n) charge, residue, guarantee, heap, hoard, lees, (v) bank, commit, store, fix, lay, repose, cast, file, leave; antonym (v) withdraw, 2. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, bet, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 3. bed (yatak); synonyms (n) couch, layer, base, basis, berth, bottom, flowerbed, foundation, crib, sack, support, pallet, understructure, setting, course, 4. sink (lavabo); synonyms (n) sag, basin, (v) decline, dip, droop, fall, descend, drop, fell, bury, collapse, decay, flag, founder, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) rise, float. yatışmak settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, (adj) confirm. yatıştırmak 1. still; synonyms (adv) however, but, nevertheless, (adj) calm, pacify, peaceful, silence, quiescent, serene, silent, (n) hush, (v) quiet, assuage, compose, lull; antonyms (adj) moving, effervescent, fizzy, windy, (n) noisy, 2. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 3. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, dull, fair, (v) mitigate, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 4. ease (rahat); synonyms (n) comfort, convenience, aid, leisure, relief, repose, satisfaction, alleviation, composure, lightness, (v) alleviate, relieve, facilitate, relax, (adj) smooth; antonyms (n) difficulty, discomfort, awkwardness, formality, (v) aggravate, worsen, 5. steady; synonyms (adj) firm, even, secure, constant, continual, fixed, resolute, stable, incessant, sedate, settled, consistent, (v) steadfast, regular, brace; antonyms (adj) unsteady, shaky, wobbly, intermittent, unreliable, 6. settle; synonyms (v) clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, drop, explain, fall, (adj) confirm. yatkın inclined; synonyms (adj) prone, apt, oblique, willing, bowed, liable, likely, minded, predisposed,

497

ready, bent, fain, susceptible, (v) given, (prep) disposed; antonyms (adj) level, reluctant, unwilling. yatmak lie (yalan); synonyms (v) consist, repose, falsify, belong, couch, (n) fabrication, falsehood, falsity, fib, fiction, rest, untruth, bluff, counterfeit, deceit; antonyms (v) stand, (n) truth. yavan dry (kuru); synonyms (adj) thirsty, arid, barren, boring, dehydrated, dull, bald, hoarse, jejune, plain, (v) dehydrate, desiccate, drain, uninteresting, sardonic; antonyms (adj) wet, damp, moist, saturated, soaked, boggy, drenched, rainy, sodden, interesting, fresh, humid, juicy, succulent, (v) drench. Yavaş slow (yavaşlamak); synonyms (adj) dull, late, easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v) accelerate. yavaşlamak slow (Yavaş); synonyms (adj) dull, late, easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v) accelerate.

yavaşlatmak slow (Yavaş, yavaşlamak); synonyms (adj) dull, late, easy, sluggish, heavy, dense, dim, gradual, inactive, indolent, lazy, stupid, (v) slack, (adv) behind, behindhand; antonyms (adj) fast, intelligent, rapid, bright, alert, brisk, hasty, prompt, quick, speedy, hurried, observant, rushed, (v) accelerate. yavru 1. young (genç); synonyms (adj) green, juvenile, immature, adolescent, fresh, new, raw, baby, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender, (n) offspring, progeny; antonyms (adj) old, mature, adult, (n) aged, 2. child (çocuk); synonyms (n) boy, babe, bairn, brat, girl, infant, kid, minor, toddler, tot, youngster, innocent, imp, daughter, descendant. yavrulamak breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, cultivate. yay 1. arc (ark); synonyms (n) arch, bow, bend, crescent, curvature, spark, sweep, (v) curve, 2. bow; synonyms (n) arc, obeisance, turn, stem, (v) stoop, duck, buckle, crouch, incline, kowtow, crook, defer, kneel, nod, submit, 3. spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. yaygara fuss; synonyms (n) bustle, commotion, flap, ado, bother, disturbance, fidget, excitement, bickering, (v) flurry, bicker, fret, hubbub, complain, (adj) stir.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

498

Turkish - English

yaygın 1. common (adi, ortak); synonyms (adj)

yayın 1. publication; synonyms (n) announcement,

ordinary, coarse, cheap, mutual, usual, vulgar, accustomed, base, ignoble, mean, mediocre, plebeian, public, trivial, (n) habitual; antonyms (adj) individual, uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, one-off, specific, unique, aristocratic, exclusive, extraordinary, infrequent, 2. general (genel); synonyms (adj) common, comprehensive, national, universal, broad, commonplace, current, ecumenical, average, communal, extensive, (n) chief, commander, (v) customary, frequent; antonyms (adj) narrow, (n) particular. yaygınlık 1. penetration; synonyms (n) insight, acuteness, discrimination, incursion, entrance, profundity, perception, sagacity, coition, (v) intelligence, discernment, judgment, acupuncture, (adj) acumen, subtlety, 2. prevalence; synonyms (n) preponderance, domination, advantage, ascendency, ascendancy, frequency, predominance, superiority, excellence, sway, popularity, vogue, commonness, pressure. yayılma 1. expansion (genleşme); synonyms (n) amplification, enlargement, development, dilatation, dilation, elaboration, growth, stretch, distention, evolution, increase, inflation, swelling, (v) extension, augmentation; antonyms (n) contraction, decrease, reduction, abbreviation, 2. distribution (dağıtım); synonyms (n) diffusion, dispensation, delivery, deal, allotment, apportionment, arrangement, dispersion, disposition, assignment, dispersal, disposal, division, (v) dissemination, dissipation; antonym (n) concentration, 3. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, propagate, broaden, deploy, enlarge, dilate, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated. yayılmak 1. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated, 2. stretch; synonyms (n) extent, run, expanse, extension, range, effort, (v) strain, elongate, lengthen, prolong, spread, draw, enlarge, distend, pull; antonym (v) shorten. yayımcı 1. publisher; synonyms (n) newspaper, paper, bookseller, press, father, 2. editor (düzenleyici); synonyms (n) redactor, writer, editioner, journalist. yayımcılık publishing; synonyms (n) issue, publication, announcement, arraignment, denunciation, dissemination, proclamation. yayımlamak publish; synonyms (v) declare, announce, disclose, circulate, divulge, issue, proclaim, communicate, notify, advertise, broadcast, print, promulgate, spread, expose.

book, issue, newspaper, periodical, proclamation, journal, declaration, disclosure, promulgation, volume, circular, magazine, issuance, bulletin, 2. issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush, 3. edition; synonyms (n) version, print, circulation, copy, number, adaptation, rendering, translation, variation, compilation, run, anthology, collection, indiction, installment. yayınlamak issue (sorun); synonyms (n) aftermath, egress, consequence, effect, event, exit, progeny, result, (v) flow, emanate, arise, emerge, release, discharge, gush. yaylanma spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. yayma 1. emission; synonyms (n) discharge, emanation, effusion, ejection, venting, vent, dismission, 2. spreading; synonyms (adj) scattering, diffusing, contagious, diffusive, (n) diffusion, dissemination, propagation, dispersion, circulation, spread, dispersal, extension, scatter, distribution, airing. yaymak 1. spread; synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated, 2. extend (genişletmek, uzatmak); synonyms (v) enlarge, amplify, dilate, widen, augment, continue, elongate, go, spread, carry, develop, offer, contribute, advance, crane; antonyms (v) withdraw, shorten, limit, narrow, shrink, 3. lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch, 4. expand

(büyütmek, genişlemek, genişletmek); synonyms (v) balloon, distend, aggrandize, inflate, swell, explicate, bloat, elaborate, grow, open, rise, unfold, escalate, evolve, (adj) expatiate; antonyms (v) contract, abbreviate, decrease, deflate, reduce, summarize, 5. rumour; synonyms (n) hearsay, (v) rumor, bruit. yaz summer; synonyms (n) summertime, beam, joist, lintel, rafter, scaffold, season, skeleton, transom, girder, harvest, trave, summertide, vacation. yazar 1. author; synonyms (n) writer, architect, creator, founder, inventor, originator, parent, producer, father, generator, maker, dramatist, (v) compose, create, write, 2. writer; synonyms (n) author, journalist, poet, penman, commentator, playwright, correspondent, reporter. yazarlık writing; synonyms (n) script, composition, lettering, print, document, autograph, paper,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English authorship, book, inscription, record, journal, text, style, words. yazdýr print; synonyms (n) imprint, mark, impression, engraving, copy, lettering, picture, facsimile, letterpress, reproduction, (v) impress, photograph, issue, engrave, stamp. yazgı 1. destiny; synonyms (n) fate, chance, fortune, kismet, luck, destination, lot, portion, weird, accident, circumstances, (v) doom, 2. fate (kader); synonyms (n) destiny, fatality, allotment, end, future, hap, (v) destine, designate, destruction. yazı 1. contribution; synonyms (n) allowance, donation, gift, offering, share, tax, effort, dues, endowment, grant, investment, part, participation, payment, present, 2. writing; synonyms (n) script, composition, lettering, print, document, autograph, paper, authorship, book, inscription, record, journal, text, style, words, 3. article; synonyms (n) section, object, thing, chapter, clause, commodity, discourse, entity, essay, feature, report, review, story, ware, passage. yazıcı 1. printer; synonyms (n) pressman, typographer, correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter, 2. clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener. yazıhane bureau (büro); synonyms (n) agency, office, authority, chest, department, desk, dresser, box. yazık 1. shame (ayıp); synonyms (n) reproach, disgrace, discredit, humiliation, chagrin, insult, modesty, pity, scandal, contempt, (v) dishonor, degrade, humiliate, abash, debase; antonym (v) honor, 2. pity (acımak); synonyms (n) compassion, commiseration, mercy, condolence, clemency, pathos, remorse, shame, sympathy, comfort, feeling, benevolence, (v) commiserate, compassionate, sympathize; antonym (n) blame. yazılı written; synonyms (adj) scripted, registered, clerical, conscript, enrolled, hard-and-fast, literal, (n) examination; antonym (adj) spoken. yazılım software; synonyms (n) bundle, package, packet, parcel, ware. yazım spelling; synonym (n) orthography. yazın literature (edebiyat); synonyms (n) learning, letters, science, writing, novel, writings, knowledge, advertisement, art, circular, erudition, fiction, letterure, pamphlet, text. yazısız blank (boş, boşluk); synonyms (adj) bare, empty, unfilled, clean, vacant, deadpan, dull, expressionless, impassive, inexpressive, (n) space, form, emptiness, gap, hiatus; antonyms (adj) animated, full, expressive. yazışma correspondence; synonyms (n) conformity, accord, agreement, communication, connection, coincidence, concord, affinity, analogy, congruity,

499

equality, equivalence, parallel, parallelism, resemblance; antonyms (n) difference, asymmetry, dissimilarity. yazma 1. write (yazmak); synonyms (v) compose, indite, pen, correspond, compile, draw, publish, record, spell, outline, type, construct, create, frame, (n) copy, 2. writing; synonyms (n) script, composition, lettering, print, document, autograph, paper, authorship, book, inscription, journal, text, style, words, correspondence. yazmaç register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) record, list, inventory, note, catalogue, book, account, roll, (v) file, enroll, chronicle, enter, indicate, read, show. yazmak 1. write; synonyms (v) compose, indite, pen, correspond, compile, draw, publish, record, spell, outline, type, construct, create, frame, (n) copy, 2. type (tip, tür); synonyms (n) pattern, character, kind, nature, sort, breed, category, stamp, brand, emblem, font, form, manner, print, (adj) model, 3.

record (dosya, kaydetmek, kayıt, plak); synonyms (n) register, list, account, book, disk, document, history, deed, (v) chronicle, file, enter, note, report, score, inscribe, 4. register (kaydetmek); synonyms (n) inventory, catalogue, roll, annals, index, listing, registry, (v) enroll, indicate, read, show, mark, enlist, catalog, display, 5. pen (kalem); synonyms (n) corral, cage, ballpoint, enclosure, fold, jail, coop, playpen, prison, (v) enclose, confine, impound, write, inclose, style. yazman 1. clerk; synonyms (n) writer, transcriber, accountant, employee, recorder, salesclerk, bailiff, cashier, (v) amanuensis, secretary, scribe, scrivener, 2. secretary (sekreter); synonyms (n) clerk, escritoire, minister, desk, secretaire, factor, repository. yazýcý printer (yazıcı); synonyms (n) pressman, typographer, correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman, newswriter, imprinter. yedek 1. substitute; synonyms (adj) replacement, alternative, ersatz, makeshift, (n) deputy, backup, delegate, (v) alternate, shift, change, replace, surrogate, exchange, sub, cover, 2. reserve (ayırmak); synonyms (n) modesty, reservation, substitute, bank, cache, diffidence, hoard, order, (v) keep, save, book, maintain, appropriate, engage, hold; antonyms (n) openness, friendliness, informality, warmth, 3. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, slender, excess, slight, additional, lean, slim, thin, bare, (v) free, meager, exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra. yedi seven; synonyms (n) heptad, septet, ace, eight, jack, king, knave, nine, queen, septette, ten, deuce, five, four, sevensome. yedirmek feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

500

Turkish - English

nourish, fatten, consume, feast, (n) aliment, food, provender, fare; antonym (v) starve. yeğen nephew; synonyms (n) aunt, uncle. yeğlemek 1. prefer; synonyms (v) choose, pick, advance, elect, elevate, favor, like, opt, favour, promote, select, want, dignify, fancy, desire, 2. choose (seçmek); synonyms (v) adopt, prefer, appoint, take, assign, decide, determine, draw, excerpt, vote, wish, nominate, designate, resolve, please; antonyms (v) reject, refuse. yekpare integral (bütün, tümlev); synonyms (adj) complete, entire, inherent, full, constitutional, inbuilt, intact, total, constituent, all, integrant, organic, perfect, (n) whole, differential. yekun sum (toplam); synonyms (n) total, quantity, entirety, mass, count, measure, join, (v) amount, aggregate, figure, number, add, resume, compute, (adj) all. yel wind (Rüzgar, sarmak); synonyms (n) air, gust, (v) coil, twist, curl, meander, turn, bend, curve, twine, blow, crook, entwine, roll, weave. yelken 1. sail; synonyms (n) float, voyage, canvas, sheet, plane, ship, (v) cruise, navigate, run, glide, cross, drift, sweep, travel, fly, 2. cloth (kumaş); synonyms (n) fabric, material, cover, rag, stuff, textile, calling, net, (v) napkin, 3. canvas (tuval); synonyms (n) picture, duck, sail, (v) canvass, painting, tableau. yelkencilik sailing; synonyms (adj) nautical, (n) navigation, departure, glide, gliding, seafaring, boating, cruise, soaring. yelpaze fan (hayran, vantilatör); synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor.

yelpazelemek fan (hayran, vantilatör, yelpaze); synonyms (n) admirer, buff, devotee, enthusiast, addict, adherent, afficionado, fiend, follower, advocate, disciple, (v) air, winnow, refresh, blow; antonym (n) detractor. yeltenme attempt (yeltenmek); synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake. yeltenmek attempt; synonyms (n) try, endeavor, assay, effort, essay, offer, trial, attack, assault, adventure, bid, (v) struggle, aim, chance, undertake. yem 1. food (besin, gıda, yiyecek); synonyms (n) board, edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish, nourishment, sustenance, eating, fodder, meat, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, 2. feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, fertilize, foster, grub, nurse, (n) food, provender, meal; antonym (v) starve.

yemek 1. eat; synonyms (v) devour, consume, bite, dine, munch, corrode, deplete, drink, feed, finish, gnaw, gobble, gorge, graze, (adj) digest, 2. meal; synonyms (n) food, flour, repast, banquet, spread, 3. feed (beslemek); synonyms (v) eat, nurture, browse, board, diet, encourage, nourish, fatten, feast, fertilize, foster, (n) aliment, provender, fare, fodder; antonym (v) starve, 4. food (besin, gıda, yiyecek); synonyms (n) edible, dish, nourishment, sustenance, eating, meat, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, victual, bread, menu, feeding, foodstuffs, fuel, 5. dinner; synonyms (n) lunch, meal, party, (v) tiffin, bever, dejeuner, 6. dish; synonyms (n) bowl, beauty, disk, plate, platter, saucer, container, dishful, bag, (v) hollow, serve. yemekhane hall (hol); synonyms (n) corridor, foyer, lobby, mansion, vestibule, auditorium, anteroom, court, castle, concourse, antechamber, atrium, dorm, dormitory, (v) passage. yemin oath; synonyms (n) curse, expletive, malediction, affidavit, cuss, pledge, promise, swearing, assurance, adjuration, asseveration, blasphemy, agreement, sacrament, swearword. yen sleeve; synonyms (n) arm, case, liner, cover, cuff, collar, sheath, skin, socket, wristband, gauntlet, glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net. yenge aunt (hala, teyze); synonyms (n) auntie, aunty, uncle, nephew, niece. yeni 1. new; synonyms (adj) green, modern, novel, original, additional, inexperienced, innovative, raw, recent, strange, unaccustomed, unprecedented, young, (adv) fresh, lately; antonyms (adj) old, familiar, outgoing, second-hand, traditional, used, less, old-fashioned, stale, (adv) past, 2. novel (roman); synonyms (n) fiction, romance, book, narrative, story, tale, (adj) new, curious, different, newfangled, unfamiliar, unique, extraordinary, abnormal, foreign, 3. fresh (taze); synonyms (adj) bracing, brisk, clean, bright, airy, bold, alive, chilly, cool, forward, pure, smart, sweet, flippant, fair; antonyms (adj) decayed, exhausted, hot, humid, muggy, musty, off, oppressive, rotten, tired, worn, dry, sweltering, 4. young (genç, yavru); synonyms (adj) juvenile, immature, adolescent, baby, boyish, callow, childish, early, tender, unripe, youthful, childlike, (n) offspring, progeny, issue; antonyms (adj) mature, adult, (n) aged, 5. hot (sıcak); synonyms (adj) warm, ardent, boiling, burning, feverish, fiery, flaming, blistering, eager, enthusiastic, fast, peppery, pungent, spicy, angry; antonyms (adj) mild, cold, freezing, bland, 6. newly; synonyms (adv) recently, freshly, late, anew, again, latterly, (adj) afresh, 7. recent; synonyms (adj) latest, contemporary, current, last, latter, final, immediate, present.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English yeniden 1. again (bir daha, gene, tekrar, yine); synonyms (adv) afresh, more, anew, encore, repeatedly, then, also, further, often, 2. re; synonyms (prep) about, concerning, regarding, on, (n) ray, beam, radium, rhenium, shaft. yenileme 1. replacement; synonyms (n) exchange, substitute, alternate, deputy, renewal, substitution, surrogate, reinstatement, permutation, rehabilitation, relief, return, successor, switch, (v) makeshift, 2. restoration; synonyms (n) restitution, renovation, restore, revival, regaining, repair, rejuvenation, recession, recuperation, reform, regeneration, comeback, improvement, (v) amends, reparation; antonyms (n) confiscation, reduction, 3. renewal; synonyms (n) renaissance, rebirth, reclamation, restoration, innovation, refurbishment, rebuilding, reconstruction, recovery, reformation, repetition, replacement, replenishment, resurgence, revitalization. yenilenme regeneration; synonyms (n) revival, rebirth, sanctification, renaissance, resurgence, revitalization, conversion, inspiration, (adj) adoption, beatification. yenilgi 1. defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin, beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat, conquer, abolish, baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout, subdue, (adj) rebuff; antonyms (n) victory, success, win, (v) lose, surrender, 2. beating; synonyms (n) reverse, defeat, thrashing, whipping, battery, battering, debacle, drubbing, hammering, pounding, pulsation, pulse, throbbing, thumping, (adj) pulsing, 3. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) contrary; antonym (n) front. yenilik 1. innovation; synonyms (n) change, alteration, invention, mutation, novelty, variation, creation, reform, improvement, vicissitude, conception, conversion, design, excogitation, feature, 2. novelty; synonyms (n) innovation, freshness, newness, trinket, curiosity, oddity, originality, bangle, bauble, difference, fallal, gaud, gewgaw, knickknack, (adj) news, 3. change (değişiklik, değiştirmek); synonyms (n) shift, barter, modification, move, (v) exchange, alter, adapt, alternate, cash, convert, switch, transpose, turn, twist, affect; antonyms (v) stay, leave, idle, maintain, 4. departure; synonyms (n) death, exit, depart, deviation, divergence, parting, aberration, digression, going, leaving, passing, takeoff, withdrawal, (v) decease, demise; antonyms (n) arrival, appearance. yenilmek lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get,

501

obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed. yenmek 1. master (ana, baş); synonyms (n) captain, instructor, head, boss, leader, gentleman, (v) conquer, control, command, defeat, dominate, (adj) chief, original, ace, expert, 2. defeat; synonyms (n) frustration, ruin, beating, (v) crush, overcome, beat, abolish, baffle, foil, overpower, repulse, rout, subdue, surmount, (adj) rebuff; antonyms (n) victory, success, win, (v) lose, surrender, 3. beat; synonyms (v) batter, flap, pulsate, throb, tick, trounce, whip, bat, baste, break, (n) pulse, thump, knock, round, cadence. yer 1. earth (dünya, toprak, yeryüzü); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust, ground, land, clay, lair, creation, ball, country, den, globe, hole, nature, orb, 2. location (Konum); synonyms (n) localization, orientation, position, berth, emplacement, fix, lieu, locale, locating, scene, setting, attitude, bearing, address, place, 3. ground (toprak, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, floor, reason, field, soil, account, basis, footing, foundation, (v) bottom, found, establish, rest, build; antonym (n) ceiling, 4. place; synonyms (n) domicile, office, order, spot, job, location, (v) post, arrange, lay, locate, rank, station, deposit, install, pitch; antonym (v) remove, 5. space (alan, aralık, uzay); synonyms (n) length, gap, opening, period, scope, void, margin, distance, emptiness, extent, interval, latitude, range, room, volume, 6. seat (koltuk); synonyms (n) bench, backside, behind, buttocks, chair, posterior, rear, rump, residence, home, bed, can, (v) put, contain, hold, 7. locality; synonyms (n) area, district, neighborhood, quarter, vicinity, point, region, section, environs, habitat, territory, neighbourhood, site, situation, zone, 8. position (konum); synonyms (n) condition, employment, opinion, placement, set, arrangement, posture, stance, stand, status, case, disposition, belief, (v) grade, pose, 9. room (oda); synonyms (n) chamber, occasion, apartment, hall, house, opportunity, expanse, flat, cabin, leeway, space, lodging, possibility, (v) board, abide, 10. where (nerede, nereye); synonyms (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, anywhere, wherein, anyplace, whereas, somewhere, everyplace, someplace, (conj) but, while, (pron) everywhere, whether, 11. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, mark, (v) blemish, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, mottle, freckle, blur, 12. floor (taban, zemin); synonyms (n) level, layer, flooring, platform, apron, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify, bewilder, puzzle, (adj) drub; antonym (n) top, 13. situation; synonyms (n) matter, circumstance, circumstances, seat, aspect, environment, state, function, form, context, estate, pass, predicament, billet, event, 14.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

502

Turkish - English

slot; synonyms (n) groove, notch, aperture, cut,

hollow, (v) gush; antonyms (adv) ill, badly, poorly,

split, class, nick, partition, track, compartment, group, label, (v) slit, 15. station (durak, istasyon); synonyms (n) standing, depot, dignity, appointment, sphere, degree, garrison, department, fort, lookout, stage, (v) localize, lodge, park, situate,

(adj) sick, unwell, dying, nauseous.

16. stand (ayakta durmak, durmak); synonyms (v) endure, stall, undergo, live, suffer, tolerate, prop, erect, accept, bear, brook, continue, (n) booth, rack, pedestal; antonyms (v) sit, lie, 17. site; synonyms (n) locality, settle, (v) invest. yeraltı underground; synonyms (adj) clandestine, secret, covert, hidden, undercover, surreptitious, furtive, stealthy, belowground, guerilla, (n) metro, subway, tube, (v) buried, underhand. yerçekimi gravity; synonyms (n) earnestness, solemnity, graveness, gravitation, seriousness, significance, weight, sedateness, austerity, importance, moment, staidness, gloominess, sobriety, (v) poise; antonyms (n) flippancy, insignificance, lightheartedness. yerel 1. local; synonyms (adj) native, sectional, topical, home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic, limited, internal, national, parochial, provincial, restricted, (n) resident; antonyms (adj) foreign, universal, worldwide, 2. native; synonyms (adj) inborn, inherent, innate, natural, congenital, domestic, inbred, autochthonous, connatural, genuine, (n) aboriginal, autochthon, citizen, inhabitant, indigene; antonyms (adj) learned, (n) stranger, immigrant, imported. yerinde 1. suitable (uygun); synonyms (adj) appropriate, fit, good, apt, proper, right, convenient, eligible, apposite, correct, desirable, fitting, pertinent, due, (v) becoming; antonyms (adj) inappropriate, unsuitable, wrong, improper, 2. good (iyi); synonyms (adj) able, benefit, delicious, efficient, capable, excellent, fine, nice, superior, well, advantageous, agreeable, (n) benign, advantage, gain; antonyms (adj) disobedient, poor, wicked, unpleasant, (n) evil, bad, 3. apt (uygun); synonyms (adj) adroit, apropos, intelligent, adequate, dexterous, ready, smart, clever, deft, disposed, expert, happy, just, liable, likely, 4. becoming; synonyms (v) meet, (adj) seemly, decent, decorous, befitting, relevant, comely, suitable, handsome, attractive, congruous, graceful, modest, respectable; antonym (adj) unbecoming, 5.

appropriate (ayırmak, kendine mal etmek, uygun); synonyms (adj) true, particular, peculiar, special, applicable, (v) annex, allocate, adopt, seize, apply, allot, allow, assign, assume, capture; antonyms (adj) unrelated, untimely, (v) surrender, 6. well (iyi); synonyms (adv) easily, thoroughly, considerably, fully, correctly, amply, (adj) healthy, shaft, sound, robust, (n) fountain, spring, pit,

yerleşik 1. settled; synonyms (adj) definite, fixed, set, firm, permanent, calm, certain, decided, established, defined, formed, confirmed, finished, sedate, standing; antonym (adj) uninhabited, 2. resident; synonyms (adj) native, inmate, local, nonmigratory, (n) inhabitant, occupant, dweller, tenant, citizen, lodger, occupier, representative, (v) resiant; antonyms (adj) migratory, (n) landlord, drifter. yerleşim layout; synonyms (n) arrangement, composition, design, plan, array, order, outline, scheme, display. yerleşme 1. settling; synonyms (adj) conclusive, deciding, definitive, determining, rescriptive, (n) sedimentation, settlement, subsidence, defecation, colonization, definition, remission, remittal, sag, subsiding, 2. settlement; synonyms (n) decision, accommodation, colony, hamlet, payment, arrangement, conclusion, resolution, determination, contract, adjustment, agreement, establishment, liquidation, village. yerleşmek settle; synonyms (v) fix, place, clarify, establish, pay, regulate, resolve, set, adjudicate, adjust, agree, conclude, decide, determine, (adj) confirm. yerleştirme placement; synonyms (n) disposition, arrangement, emplacement, locating, location, position, order, place, positioning. yerleştirmek 1. fix; synonyms (v) establish, assign, determine, fasten, settle, define, anchor, adjust, arrange, set, clamp, (n) bind, (adj) ascertain, confirm, attach; antonyms (v) break, unfasten, 2. locate; synonyms (v) base, lay, discover, find, localize, situate, fix, deposit, identify, install, position, post, unearth, localise, (n) place, 3. establish; synonyms (v) erect, prove, appoint, build, constitute, demonstrate, create, found, institute, begin, certify, compose, construct, corroborate, decide; antonyms (v) disprove, abolish, terminate, 4. put (koymak); synonyms (v) impose, couch, locate, pose, charge, pitch, commit, express, make, plant, aim, cast, frame, order, (n) invest, 5. settle; synonyms (v) clarify, pay, regulate, resolve, adjudicate, agree, conclude, drop, explain, fall, reconcile, subside, accommodate, negotiate, sit, 6. place (yer); synonyms (n) domicile, office, spot, attitude, job, location, situation, circumstance, center, abode, berth, (v) rank, station, put, lie; antonym (v) remove, 7. seat (koltuk, yer); synonyms (n) bench, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, chair, posterior, rear, rump, residence, foundation, home, bed, (v) contain, hold, 8. accommodate; synonyms (v) adapt, fit, oblige, fashion, lodge, provide, quarter, supply, harmonise, admit, conciliate, conform, furnish, gratify, (adj) suit;

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English antonym (v) evict, 9. dispose; synonyms (v) incline, predispose, discard, lead, range, tend, classify, direct, organize, condition, contribute, (n) array, bias, influence, command; antonym (v) indispose, 10. lay; synonyms (v) rest, bear, allay, bet, impute, repose, wager, (adj) secular, calm, laic, worldly, (n) ballad, song, canticle, canzonet, 11. install (kurmak); synonyms (v) inaugurate, crown, induct, instal, seat, assemble, initiate, instate, introduce, mount; antonym (v) overthrow, 12. spot (benek, leke, nokta); synonyms (n) blot, speck, stain, dot, dapple, dirty, mark, space, (v) blemish, soil, fleck, speckle, daub, flaw, mottle, 13. quarter (çeyrek); synonyms (n) area, part, district, division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction, portion, quart, fourth, (v) line, billet, canton, divide,

14. set (ayarlamak, grup, set, takım); synonyms (v) congeal, posit, decline, (n) class, bent, circle, lot, party, batch, battery, company, (adj) fixed, fast, secure, ready; antonyms (v) soften, liquefy, melt, (n) combing, comb-out, (adj) variable, flexible, liquid, 15. post (posta); synonyms (n) function, pillar, stake, column, employment, appointment, assignment, beam, prop, support, (v) mail, enter, send, bill, hasten, 16. position (konum); synonyms (n) opinion, placement, arrangement, bearing, posture, stance, stand, status, case, disposition, belief, character, circumstances, (v) grade, point. yerli 1. domestic; synonyms (adj) home, tame, civil, familiar, household, internal, native, domesticated, family, indigenous, indoor, inland, (n) homely, maid, servant; antonyms (adj) foreign, wild, external, 2. indigenous; synonyms (adj) aboriginal, autochthonous, domestic, endemic, vernacular, congenital, inherent, innate, autochthonal, autochthonic, 3. native; synonyms (adj) inborn, natural, inbred, connatural, genuine, intrinsic, natal, pure, radical, (n) autochthon, citizen, inhabitant, indigene, local, resident; antonyms (adj) learned, (n) stranger, immigrant, imported, 4. local (yerel); synonyms (adj) sectional, topical, municipal, nearby, civic, limited, national, parochial, provincial, restricted; antonyms (adj) universal, worldwide. yersiz 1. unhappy (mutsuz); synonyms (adj) unfortunate, depressed, dismal, gloomy, melancholy, sad, disconsolate, distressed, infelicitous, low, miserable, sorrowful, disappointed, downcast, mournful; antonyms (adj) happy, cheerful, pleased, satisfied, 2. irrelevant; synonyms (adj) inappropriate, extraneous, inapplicable, insignificant, impertinent, inapposite, inconsequential, trivial, unimportant, unrelated, unsuitable, petty, minor, pointless, trifling; antonyms (adj) relevant, admissible.

503

yeryüzü 1. earth (dünya, toprak, yer); synonyms (n) dirt, world, dust, ground, land, clay, lair,

creation, ball, country, den, globe, hole, nature, orb,

2. ground (toprak, yer, zemin); synonyms (n) base, cause, floor, reason, field, soil, account, basis, footing, foundation, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix, rest; antonym (n) ceiling. yeşil green; synonyms (adj) fresh, callow, immature, emerald, jealous, raw, young, youthful, crude, envious, grassy, gullible, inexperienced, juvenile, (n) lawn; antonym (adj) experienced. yetenek 1. capability; synonyms (n) capacity, ability, aptitude, capableness, competence, faculty, gift, potency, potential, power, qualification, talent, aptness, efficiency, endowment; antonyms (n) inability, failure, incapability, 2. ability; synonyms (n) hand, cleverness, dexterity, accomplishment, bent, capability, competency, expertise, flair, genius, knowledge, might, skill, intelligence, adroitness; antonym (n) injury, 3. competence; synonyms (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fitness, craft, facility, knack, enough, (adj) proficiency; antonym (n) incompetence, 4. faculty; synonyms (n) staff, expertness, profession, turn, vocation, calling, cloth, sense, (adj) ingenuity, parts, talents, 5. talent; synonyms (n) prowess, forte, quality, (v) donation, present, 6. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, authority, control, energy, agency, domination, intensity, strength, effectiveness, effect, command, jurisdiction, (v) influence, dominion, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, 7. fitness; synonyms (n) appropriateness, propriety, correspondence, convenience, correctness, fittingness, health, congruity, appositeness, consistency, expediency, opportunity, harmony; antonyms (n) unsuitability, unfitness, 8. capacity (kapasite); synonyms (n) capacitance, function, dimension, content, measure, position, quantity, reach, size, job, magnitude, scope, area, compass, comprehension, 9. gift (armağan, hediye); synonyms (n) award, dower, charity, contribution, dowry, grant, benefaction, bonus, (v) boon, bestow, donate, endow, allowance, (adj) bounty, generosity. yetenekli 1. competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable, adequate, clever, effective, efficient, fit, sufficient, commensurate, accomplished, adept, appropriate, enough, experienced, good; antonyms (adj) incompetent, useless, inept, 2. intelligent (akıllı); synonyms (adj) alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted, rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowing, knowledgeable, quick, smart; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dullwitted, thick, slow, stupid, 3. able; synonyms (adj) competent, dexterous, adroit, consummate, expert, ingenious, endowed, apt, cute, deft, handy, potent, powerful, professional, (n) talented; antonyms (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

504

Turkish - English

incapable, unable, untrained, weak, 4. talented; synonyms (adj) proficient, versatile, promising, intelligent, skilled, artistic, felicitous, qualified, skillful. yeteneksiz incapable; synonyms (adj) impotent, incompetent, inadequate, unable, helpless, powerless, inept, insufficient, unqualified, ineffectual, inefficient, unfit, weak; antonyms (adj) capable, able. yeter enough; synonyms (adv) rather, plenty, amply, adequately, satisfaction, fairly, fully, (n) adequacy, fill, sufficiency, (adj) ample, sufficient, adequate, competent, decent; antonym (adj) inadequate. yeterli 1. adequate; synonyms (adj) sufficient, acceptable, enough, right, condign, effectual, passable, satisfactory, agreeable, competent, decent, equal, fair, fit, full; antonyms (adj) inadequate, insufficient, unsatisfactory, 2. ample (bol); synonyms (adj) abundant, big, broad, copious, large, plentiful, affluent, considerable, heavy, liberal, rich, roomy, sizable, spacious, voluminous; antonyms (adj) small, meager, scarce, 3. sufficient; synonyms (adj) adequate, commensurate, proper, good, ample, plenty, due, comfortable, suitable, respectable, tolerable, 4. satisfactory; synonyms (adj) presentable, pleasing, pleasant, reasonable, well, average; antonym (adj) unacceptable. yeterlik qualification; synonyms (n) condition, capability, competence, fitness, limitation, preparation, prerequisite, provision, degree, ability, alteration, modification, (adj) faculty, endowment, property. yetersiz 1. inadequate; synonyms (adj) insufficient, faulty, defective, deficient, flimsy, poor, feeble, imperfect, inappropriate, incapable, incompetent, ineffective, short, improper, impotent; antonyms (adj) adequate, ample, enough, passable, competent, reasonable, strong, 2. insufficient; synonyms (adj) inadequate, scanty, limited, meager, small, unsatisfactory, few, incommensurate, inefficient, lacking, scant, sketchy, skimpy, slender, thin; antonyms (adj) sufficient, plentiful, 3. inefficient; synonyms (adj) ineffectual, inefficacious, futile, inactive, inept, unable, unfit, useless, lame; antonym (adj) efficient, 4. slim (zayıflamak); synonyms (adj) narrow, slight, lean, remote, fine, skinny, lithe, light, frail, spare, taper, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut, sly; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, hefty, plump, stocky, wide, 5. short (bodur, kısa); synonyms (adj) brief, concise, scarce, brusque, close, curt, sharp, compendious, laconic, abrupt, diminutive, pithy, blunt, (adv) abruptly, (v) compact; antonyms (adj) long, tall, high, lengthy, 6. slender; synonyms (adj) little, delicate, faint, gaunt, lissom, slim, exiguous, minute, graceful, lissome, svelte, tenuous, trim, refined, (v) lank.

yetersizlik 1. disability; synonyms (n) handicap, inability, disablement, disqualification, drawback, impairment, incapacity, disadvantage, damage, deadening, deterioration, deterrent, detriment, illness, trouble, 2. deficiency (eksiklik); synonyms (n) defect, dearth, want, absence, deficit, failing, inadequacy, lack, scarcity, shortcoming, failure, famine, fault, (adj) blemish, imperfection; antonyms (n) excess, sufficiency. yeti faculty; synonyms (n) capacity, aptitude, capability, endowment, bent, facility, power, staff, flair, efficiency, aptness, (adj) ability, cleverness, talent, (v) gift; antonym (n) inability. yetişkin adult; synonyms (adj) big, full-grown, mature, elder, developed, grown, older, ripe, responsible, (n) grownup; antonyms (adj) immature, teenage, (n) adolescent, child, juvenile, teenager, infant. yetişmek 1. reach (ulaşmak, uzatmak); synonyms (v) range, overtake, obtain, achieve, attain, extend, get, make, pass, accomplish, (n) fetch, compass, stretch, extent, gain, 2. catch (yakalamak); synonyms (v) arrest, capture, hook, apprehend, acquire, ensnare, intercept, (n) haul, hitch, trick, bolt, clasp, grab, pawl, snap; antonym (v) release. yetiştirme 1. growing; synonyms (adj) flourishing, rising, thriving, blossoming, progressive, swelling, adolescent, budding, burgeoning, cumulative, enlarging, (n) development, developing, growth, (adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) deteriorating, dwindling, 2. culture (kültür); synonyms (n) civilization, breeding, cultivation, acculturation, education, learning, tillage, erudition, courtesy, enlightenment, farming, instruction, refinement, agriculture, civilisation.

yetiştirmek 1. raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 2. coach; synonyms (n) trainer, tutor, instructor, teacher, autobus, bus, carriage, charabanc, stagecoach, cart, (v) train, educate, groom, instruct, (adj) prime, 3. breed; synonyms (n) kind, race, variety, ancestry, sort, order, class, genus, (v) engender, beget, multiply, bear, brood, cause, hatch, 4. rear; synonyms (adj) back, after, (n) posterior, tail, backside, behind, bottom, buttocks, poop, can, (v) breed, nurture, raise, nurse, edify; antonyms (adj) fore, (n) front, 5. train (tren); synonyms (n) chain, string, form, (v) aim, coach, direct, exercise, trail, tame, discipline, drill, prepare, school, domesticate, practice, 6. school (okul); synonyms (n) academy, sect, college, herd, shoal, swarm, denomination, institution, schoolhouse, schooling, (v) teach, indoctrinate, civilise, civilize, (adj) educational.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English yetke authority (yetki); synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency. yetki 1. authority; synonyms (n) ascendancy, command, sanction, administration, authorization, dominance, domination, hold, judge, power, professional, rule, warrant, lordship, agency, 2. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, authority, claim, demand, (v) charge, order, call, commission, direct, bid; antonym (v) request, 3. competence; synonyms (n) capacity, adequacy, ability, capability, efficiency, sufficiency, aptitude, expertise, fitness, skill, talent, competency, craft, dexterity, (adj) proficiency; antonyms (n) incompetence, inability, 4. clearance; synonyms (n) clearing, clearage, disposal, headroom, settlement, acquittance, license, permit, room, acquittal; antonyms (n) blockage, retention, 5. power (güç, iktidar); synonyms (n) force, potency, energy, intensity, strength, effectiveness, effect, gift, jurisdiction, mightiness, (v) influence, might, dominion, faculty, efficacy; antonyms (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness. yetkili 1. authoritative; synonyms (adj) official, absolute, authoritarian, authorized, commanding, imperious, influential, magistral, powerful, authorised, certain, definitive, dictatorial, (n) authentic, (v) departmental; antonym (adj) informal, 2. competent; synonyms (adj) able, capable, adequate, clever, effective, efficient, fit, sufficient, commensurate, accomplished, adept, appropriate, enough, experienced, good; antonyms (adj) incompetent, useless, inept. yetkililer authorities; synonyms (n) government, regime, establishment, governance, governing, politics, regimen. yetmek cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, cloak, (n) blind, blanket, screen, binding, camouflage, cap, covering, lid, mask, shield; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover. yetmezlik failure (bozukluk); synonyms (n) bankruptcy, failing, breakdown, decline, deficiency, debacle, defeat, disappointment, disaster, downfall, error, loser, loss, abortion, default; antonyms (n) success, achievement, hit, winner, victory, achiever, attainment, capability, growth. yığılmak drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow. yığın 1. mass; synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, heap, crowd, cluster, pile, bunch, collection, lump, magnitude, majority, accumulation, aggregate,

505

amount, (v) flock, 2. bulk (hacim); synonyms (n) mass, size, volume, capacity, body, dimension, extent, quantity, thickness, scale, immensity, bigness, (v) bulge, pouch, protrude; antonym (n) minority, 3. stack (yığmak); synonyms (n) mound, rick, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, hoard, haystack, batch, chimney, sheaf, (v) load, lot, pack, store, 4. batch; synonyms (n) band, battery, charge, group, set, suite, consignment, clutch, stack, stock, wad, 5. lump; synonyms (n) chunk, knot, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, clump, fragment, knob, lummox, piece, nub, intumescence, (v) clot, (adj) lout, 6. collection (koleksiyon, toplama); synonyms (n) assembly, assortment, gathering, compilation, variety, aggregation, assembling, collecting, congregation, corpus, library, parcel, range, series, (v) assemblage, 7. crowd; synonyms (n) huddle, swarm, crew, press, circle, army, concourse, gang, herd, mob, audience, (v) squeeze, compress, cram, jam; antonym (v) disperse, 8. pile (hav, tüy); synonyms (n) congeries, nap, multitude, fortune, edifice, down, fur, mint, spile, building, cumulus, (v) accumulate, amass, throng, cock, 9. hill (tepe); synonyms (n) height, bank, gradient, ascent, elevation, acclivity, embankment, grade, hillock, knoll, rise, slope, hammock, (v) declivity, dip; antonym (n) vale, 10. heap; synonyms (n) deal, peck, plenty, pot, raft, sight, slew, stockpile, bus, jalopy, (v) collect, gather, arrange, fill, lavish, 11. flock (sürü); synonyms (n) bevy, covey, horde, troop, cloud, drove, shoal, rabble, legion, brood, (v) assemble, congregate, flood, surge, meet, 12. bank (banka); synonyms (n) dam, coast, limit, bluff, riverside, inclination, exchequer, verge, bench, border, camber, cant, depository, (v) deposit, rely; antonym (v) withdraw, 13. volume (cilt, hacim, oylum); synonyms (n) book, intensity, loudness, tome, journal, content, strength, contents, dimensions, measure, space, work, writing, (adj) power; antonym (n) quietness, 14. wilderness; synonyms (n) desert, wild, wasteland, solitude, wildness, (v) waste. yiğit 1. brave (cesur); synonyms (adj) adventurous, bold, audacious, courageous, endure, fearless, hardy, intrepid, valiant, virile, confident, daring, dauntless, (v) defy, confront; antonyms (adj) cowardly, frightened, gutless, pathetic, (n) timid, 2. hero (kahraman); synonyms (n) champion, character, leader, protector, worthy, protagonist, warrior, bomber, celebrity, combatant, conqueror, defender, fighter. yiğitlik exploit; synonyms (v) act, exercise, apply, employ, use, abuse, harness, (n) deed, achievement, feat, accomplishment, action, adventure, effort, performance. yığma accumulation; synonyms (n) store, stock, accretion, mass, accrual, accruement, batch, hoard,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

506

Turkish - English

pile, reserve, deposit, addition, aggregation, assemblage, (v) gain; antonym (n) shortage. yığmak 1. stack (yığın); synonyms (n) pile, accumulation, mound, rick, mass, bunch, bundle, hill, mountain, shock, (v) heap, load, lot, pack, store, 2. pile (hav, tüy); synonyms (n) stack, congeries, collection, hoard, jam, nap, wad, lump, multitude, fortune, edifice, (v) accumulate, amass, crowd, throng, 3. mass (yığın); synonyms (adj) block, (n) bulk, cluster, magnitude, majority, aggregate, amount, assembly, body, knot, volume, (v) flock, assemble, congregate, swarm, 4. drift (sapma, sürüklenme); synonyms (n) stream, current, course, tendency, tone, bearing, design, gist, (v) aim, blow, float, ramble, cast, glide, (adj) flow, 5. heap; synonyms (n) group, gathering, batch, mint, aggregation, assemblage, cumulus, deal, peck, plenty, (v) bank, collect, gather, arrange, fill, 6. lump; synonyms (n) chunk, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, lummox, piece, nub, intumescence, (v) clot, (adj) lout. yıkama 1. wash (yıkamak); synonyms (v) rinse, paint, bathe, clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour, scrub, color, tint, lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing; antonym (v) dirty, 2. washing; synonyms (n) laundry, wash, laundering, lavation, cleaning, purification, airstream, backwash, bucking, race, slipstream, washables, (adj) cleansing, clysmic. yıkamak 1. wash; synonyms (v) rinse, paint, bathe, clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour, scrub, color, tint, lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing; antonym (v) dirty, 2. bath (banyo); synonyms (n) wash, bathroom, tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v) immersion, affusion, balneation. yıkanma 1. wash (yıkamak); synonyms (v) rinse, paint, bathe, clean, lave, moisten, mop, scour, scrub, color, tint, lap, (n) soak, ablution, washing; antonym (v) dirty, 2. bath (banyo); synonyms (n) wash, bathroom, tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v) immersion, affusion, balneation, 3. washing; synonyms (n) laundry, laundering, lavation, cleaning, purification, airstream, backwash, bucking, race, slipstream, washables, (adj) cleansing, clysmic. yıkanmak bath (banyo); synonyms (n) wash, bathroom, tank, bathtub, dip, tub, (v) bathe, immersion, affusion, balneation, clean. yıkıcı destructive; synonyms (adj) baneful, deadly, hurtful, malign, baleful, evil, fatal, harmful, injurious, mischievous, noxious, pernicious, deleterious, calamitous, negative; antonyms (adj) harmless, constructive, creative. yıkılma 1. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst, 2. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain,

diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent. yıkılmak 1. fall (düşmek, sonbahar); synonyms (v) decline, dip, decrease, descend, dive, rain, diminish, dwindle, sink, alight, (n) drop, descent, downfall, plunge, pitch; antonyms (v) rise, increase, ascend, climb, triumph, win, (n) ascent, 2. collapse; synonyms (n) crash, breakdown, fall, subsidence, bust, debacle, (v) break, slump, buckle, crack, crumble, crumple, faint, flop, burst. yıkım 1. disaster; synonyms (n) calamity, catastrophe, accident, adversity, blow, casualty, cataclysm, debacle, destruction, fiasco, misadventure, misfortune, affliction, curse, bane; antonyms (n) success, blessing, joy, 2. death (ölüm); synonyms (n) demise, end, expiration, close, exit, cessation, decease, departure, dissolution, doom, dying, fate, loss, mortality, passing; antonyms (n) birth, existence, delivery. yıkıntı debris; synonyms (n) detritus, junk, refuse, rubbish, trash, waste, garbage, wreck, muck, remains, ruins, scrap, litter, (adj) rubble. yıkma destruction; synonyms (n) death, collapse, ruin, abolition, damage, demolition, desolation, devastation, downfall, end, bane, depredation, disaster, (v) defeat, doom; antonyms (n) construction, creation, preservation, protection, conservation, formation, reparation. yıkmak 1. destroy; synonyms (v) break, demolish, blight, despoil, annihilate, blast, crush, dash, destruct, devastate, devour, dismantle, (adj) desolate, abolish, consume; antonyms (v) build, preserve, create, make, 2. blast; synonyms (n) bang, slam, burst, gust, (v) attack, blare, bomb, boom, detonate, roar, smash, blow, bombard, (adj) discharge, explosion, 3. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, category, class, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, destroy, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, raise. Yıl year (sene); synonyms (n) twelvemonth, day, age, time, yr, class, hour, minute, month, quarter, second, week. yılan snake; synonyms (n) ophidian, serpent, hydra, (v) meander, wind, twist, coil, creep, curl, sneak, weave. yıldırım 1. lightning; synonyms (n) bolt, levin, bolter, dart, fetter, enlightenment, quarrel, shackle, (v) lightening, luminary, (adj) wind, 2. bolt; synonyms (n) arrow, dash, pin, catch, (v) bar, abscond, gobble, latch, lock, escape, decamp, devour, fasten, gulp, (adv) bang; antonyms (v) nibble, unbolt, unlock. yıldırmak cow (inek); synonyms (v) bully, intimidate, awe, browbeat, daunt, terrorize, discourage, frighten, overawe, threaten, abash.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English

507

yıldız star; synonyms (n) asterisk, celebrity, ace,

yiyecek 1. food (besin, gıda); synonyms (n) board,

principal, headliner, leading, luminary, personality, champion, idol, lead, world, bigwig, (adj) asteriated, (v) feature; antonym (n) nobody. yıldönümü anniversary; synonyms (n) birthday, celebration, festival, holiday, anniverse, milestone, ceremony, feast, festivity, recurrence, (adj) annual. yıllık annual; synonyms (adj) yearly, annuary, (n) almanac, yearbook, ephemeris, magazine.

edible, fare, aliment, diet, dish, nourishment, sustenance, eating, fodder, meat, nurture, nutriment, nutrition, pabulum, 2. fare; synonyms (n) food, table, charge, menu, victuals, provisions, rations, schedule, (v) do, come, eat, go, feed, journey, live, 3. keep (tutmak); synonyms (v) hold, preserve, retain, defend, continue, guard, have, maintain, celebrate, confine, conserve, observe, reserve, save, commemorate; antonyms (v) dump, lose, 4. feed (beslemek, yemek); synonyms (v) dine, browse, encourage, nourish, fatten, consume, feast, fertilize, foster, grub, nurse, support, corn, (n) provender, meal; antonym (v) starve. yoğun 1. dense; synonyms (adj) compact, thick, close, crowded, deep, crass, dim, dull, heavy, impenetrable, solid, stupid, concentrated, dumb, firm; antonyms (adj) bright, insightful, loose, clever, intelligent, readable, simple, sparse, 2. compact; synonyms (adj) dense, compendious, concise, hard, summary, (n) agreement, arrangement, contract, covenant, bargain, engagement, (v) compress, condense, consolidate, pack; antonyms (adj) sprawling, bulky, 3. thick (kalın); synonyms (adj) opaque, slow, stocky, familiar, fat, gross, intimate, muddy, obtuse, broad, populous, frequent, chummy, coarse, (n) midst; antonyms (adj) thin, diluted, fine, slight, transparent.

yine again (bir daha, gene, tekrar, yeniden); synonyms (adv) afresh, more, anew, encore, repeatedly, then, also, further, often.

Yinele repeat (tekrarlamak, yinelemek); synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate, iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite. yineleme repetition; synonyms (n) repeat, gemination, iteration, recurrence, reiteration, replication, duplication, reduplication, rehearsal, repeating, return, echo, reappearance, recital, doubling. yinelemek repeat (tekrarlamak); synonyms (v) recite, copy, recapitulate, reduplicate, rehearse, reiterate, return, double, duplicate, iterate, recur, renew, reproduce, say, cite. yıpranma wear; synonyms (v) dress, endure, bear, fatigue, tire, waste, fray, frazzle, (n) clothing, apparel, attire, clothes, garb, erosion, garment; antonym (v) refresh. yıpranmış worn; synonyms (v) decayed, (adj) haggard, shabby, tired, ragged, tattered, threadbare, drawn, jaded, exhausted, fatigued, careworn, decrepit, faded, frayed; antonyms (adj) fresh, new. yıpratıcı wearing; synonyms (adj) exhausting, tiring, tiresome, trying, wearying, demanding, taxing, (n) wear, eroding, erosion. yirmi twenty; synonym (adj) twice. yirminci twentieth; synonym (adj) vigesimal. yırtık 1. rent; synonyms (n) breach, cleft, fissure, lease, let, crevice, break, crack, tear, hole, flaw, fracture, (v) hire, charter, engage, 2. tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) rip, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave, dash, fly. yırtılmak tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave. yırtmak tear; synonyms (n) split, rupture, rent, (v) break, rip, crack, pull, rend, lacerate, race, run, rush, slit, rive, cleave. yitirmek lose (kaybetmek); synonyms (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, sacrifice, fail, clear, hurt, regress, retrogress, destroy, misplace, recede, suffer, waste, escape; antonyms (v) gain, find, acquire, earn, get, obtain, recover, secure, win, beat, defeat, keep, succeed.

yoğunlaşma concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n) absorption, concentrate, application, attention, engrossment, intensity, compactness, strength, thickness, aggregation, strengthening, condensation, convergence, denseness, density; antonym (n) distraction. yoğunluk 1. intensity; synonyms (n) force, forcefulness, depth, volume, fierceness, emphasis, energy, ferocity, forte, fury, glow, might, passion, power, (adj) strength; antonyms (n) dullness, indifference, weakness, 2. density; synonyms (n) compactness, consistency, concentration, denseness, stupidity, firmness, solidity, massiveness, stand, crassitude, frequency, weight, absorption, assiduity, assiduousness; antonym (n) looseness, 3. consistency (tutarlılık); synonyms (n) consistence, agreement, body, coherence, consonance, conformity, congruence, congruity, density, uniformity, accordance, concord, compatibility, consentaneousness, accord; antonyms (n) inconsistency, discrepancy, 4. concentration (konsantrasyon); synonyms (n) concentrate, application, attention, engrossment, intensity, thickness, aggregation, strengthening, condensation, convergence, diligence, gathering, immersion, coacervate, coacervation; antonym (n) distraction.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

508

Turkish - English

yok 1. absent; synonyms (adj) off, wanting, inattentive, absentminded, abstracted, faraway, lost, missing, nonexistent, out, preoccupied, (adv) away; antonym (adj) present, 2. no (hayır); synonyms (n) refusal, rejection, denial, number, nix, rebuff, nobelium, ordinal, (adv) nay, (adj) zero, naught, none, non, nul, 3. lacking; synonyms (adj) deficient, defective, inadequate, incomplete, absent, short, destitute, devoid, empty, insufficient, poor, without, sans, imperfect; antonym (adj) full, 4. not (değil); synonyms (adv) no, nor, nowise, never, (adj) shaven, shorn. yoklama 1. inspection (denetleme); synonyms (n) examination, check, review, surveillance, exploration, inquiry, scrutiny, search, study, survey, investigation, observation, oversight, sight, (v) inspect, 2. examination (muayene); synonyms (n) audit, exam, test, consideration, testing, contemplation, analysis, appraisal, evaluation, inquest, inspection, interview, quiz, trial, (adj) examen. yoklamak 1. examine; synonyms (v) assay, audit, consider, overhaul, try, check, control, search, survey, ascertain, ask, contemplate, compare, analyze, canvass, 2. inspect; synonyms (v) examine, overlook, explore, inquire, look, review, scrutinize, view, watch, monitor, investigate, observe, regulate, study, visit, 3. probe (sonda); synonyms (n) investigation, inquiry, research, plumb, exploration, hunt, (v) examination, inspect, fathom, penetrate, question, sound, experiment, pierce, delve, 4. survey; synonyms (n) poll, measurement, inspection, digest, observation, sight, sketch, estimate, assessment, resume, (v) measure, appraise, prospect, assess, evaluate; antonym (v) neglect, 5. poll; synonyms (n) election, head, ballot, vote, crown, pate, capitulum, count, (v) parrot, pollard, canvas, list, muster, enumerate, jay, 6. search (aramak); synonyms (n) pursuit, hunting, quest, analysis, chase, lookup, (v) grope, ransack, rummage, pry, forage, nose, scan, rake, dig. yokluk 1. absence; synonyms (n) absenteeism, dearth, default, deficiency, lack, want, nonattendance, paucity, scarcity, shortage; antonyms (n) presence, attendance, 2. shortage (açık); synonyms (n) defect, deficit, famine, insufficiency, need, poverty, scantiness, shortfall, deprivation, absence; antonyms (n) abundance, excess, overabundance, surplus, affluence, glut, 3. lack; synonyms (n) shortcoming, inadequacy, drought, vacancy, failing, void, weakness, (v) destitution, fail, fault, demand, failure, require, desire, indigence; antonyms (n) provision, (v) have, 4. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) wish, necessity, penury, privation,

pauperism, requirement, distress, ambition, fancy, essential, hardship; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. yoksa 1. or (veya, Ya da); synonyms (conj) otherwise, (n) operation, surgery, (prep) before, ere, 2. otherwise; synonyms (adv) else, besides, differently, other, alias, elsewise, otherways, diversely, elseways, instead, variously, (adj) different, 3. else (başka); synonyms (adv) also, moreover, (n) threat, (pron) another, (adj) more, further, new, fresh. yoksaymak ignore; synonyms (v) fail, neglect, cut, discount, disregard, forget, omit, snub, overrule, dismiss, overlook, rebuff, shun, disobey, eliminate; antonyms (v) acknowledge, observe, honor, react. yoksul poor (fakir, fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good. yoksulluk 1. poverty; synonyms (n) lack, distress, indigence, want, deprivation, impoverishment, pauperism, squalor, necessity, neediness, poorness, (v) destitution, need, penury, deficiency; antonyms (n) wealth, riches, 2. need; synonyms (v) claim, require, involve, exact, have, take, (n) demand, desire, must, requirement, absence, beggary, exigency, motive, hardship, 3. want (istemek); synonyms (v) like, hope, crave, covet, (n) poverty, wish, famine, dearth, privation, shortage, defect, ambition, fancy, essential, longing; antonyms (v) dislike, hate. yoksunluk deprivation; synonyms (n) bereavement, privation, cost, loss, need, want, deficiency, absence, damage, dearth, scarcity, destitution, disadvantage, distress, hardship. yokuş 1. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, rise, climb, ascending, elevation, hill, incline, advance, grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination; antonyms (n) descent, fall, 2. slope; synonyms (n) declivity, dip, decline, brae, hillside, ramp, drop, (v) pitch, cant, lean, bank, tilt, tip, descend, (adj) obliquity, 3. hill (tepe); synonyms (n) height, mound, ascent, embankment, hillock, knoll, pile, slope, hammock, heap, eminence, hump, bluff, ridge, (v) stack; antonym (n) vale. yol 1. path; synonyms (n) course, direction, way, highway, line, orbit, track, lane, means, alley, avenue, corridor, itinerary, route, (v) passage, 2. way; synonyms (n) method, path, road, custom, form, manner, style, fashion, habit, mode, pathway, approach, bearing, channel, (v) practice, 3. road; synonyms (n) roadway, street, thoroughfare, walk, access, artery, trail, range, (adj) traveling, itinerant, 4. route (rota); synonyms (n) circuit, conduit, journey, run, beat, (v) direct, conduct, guide, dispatch, send, 5. bus (otobüs); synonyms (n)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English automobile, autobus, car, coach, vehicle, busbar, charabanc, motorbus, omnibus, 6. outlet; synonyms (n) shop, market, egress, exit, opening, store, drain, emporium, hole, issue, aperture, emission, escape, gap, release, 7. access (giriş); synonyms (n) admission, entrance, entry, admittance, entree, gate, attack, doorway, entryway, fit, outburst, (v) enter, infiltrate, 8. line (çizgi, hat); synonyms (n) cord, file, house, breed, family, lineage, field, ancestry, border, boundary, cable, crease, row, stock, (v) order, 9. course (yön); synonyms (n) stream, flow, career, current, class, race, curriculum, heading, layer, (v) chase, pour, aim, dish, gush, (prep) tide, 10. order

(düzen, düzenlemek, emretmek, sıra); synonyms (n) command, decree, dictate, array, rank, sort, charge, condition, disposition, edict, injunction, instruction, (v) commission, arrange, call; antonyms (n) anarchy, chaos, confusion, mayhem, mess, (v) disorder, request, 11. method (yöntem); synonyms (n) arrangement, formula, plan, system, device, organization, procedure, routine, technique, measure, resource, design, kind, mechanism, pattern, 12. walk (yürümek, yürüyüş); synonyms (v) ramble, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, promenade, (n) step, gait, pace, saunter, stroll, excursion, pass, 13. track (iz, izlemek); synonyms (n) racetrack, lead, racecourse, rail, rails, (v) trace, hunt, tail, pursue, dog, follow, footprint, stalk, mark, footstep, 14. street (cadde, sokak); synonym (n) neighborhood. yolcu 1. passenger; synonyms (n) traveler, wayfarer, itinerant, rider, voyager, passer, arrival, passager, client, drop, excursionist, load, patron, wanderer, 2. traveller, 3. fare; synonyms (n) diet, aliment, food, board, table, charge, menu, victuals, provisions, rations, schedule, (v) do, come, eat, go. yolculuk 1. journey (seyahat); synonyms (n) jaunt, excursion, expedition, passage, trip, way, course, flight, outing, pilgrimage, (v) go, travel, cruise, fare, navigate, 2. travel; synonyms (n) journey, pass, stroke, tour, voyage, (v) run, proceed, move, roam, ride, ramble, sail, drive, range, track, 3. voyage; synonym (n) quest. yoldaş 1. companion (arkadaş); synonyms (n) colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, comrade, fellow, partner, assistant, brother, acquaintance, attendant, (adj) associate, ally, (v) accompany; antonym (n) enemy, 2. fellow (adam); synonyms (n) companion, boy, equal, chap, compeer, dude, dog, counterpart, escort, beau, blighter, boyfriend, confrere, cuss, (v) concomitant. yollamak send (göndermek); synonyms (v) despatch, pass, convey, deliver, dispatch, forward, give, mail, post, carry, divert, project, beam, cast, channel.

509

yolmak pull (çekme, çekmek); synonyms (v) drag, draw, draught, pluck, attract, haul, jerk, tug, pick, make, force, hale, (n) wrench, attraction, effort; antonyms (v) push, repel. yolsuz unlawful; synonyms (adj) illegal, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, prohibited, wrongful, criminal, improper, unauthorized, irregular, outlaw, unfair, contraband, crooked, outlawed; antonyms (adj) lawful, legal, legitimate. yoluyla by (tarafından); synonyms (prep) beside, at, of, about, on, per, (adv) aside, away, past, through, apart, along, beyond, (adv, prep) alongside, (adj) over. yön 1. direction; synonyms (n) administration, conduct, bearing, command, course, guidance, address, charge, control, instruction, rule, aspect, aim, counsel, (v) management, 2. course; synonyms (n) stream, flow, career, current, path, road, route, track, channel, circuit, class, method, (v) run, chase, pour, 3. way (yol); synonyms (n) passage, custom, direction, form, manner, means, style, fashion, habit, mode, pathway, approach, headway, lane, (v) practice, 4. sense (anlam, duygu, duyu, his); synonyms (n) intelligence, perception, meaning, sensation, logic, awareness, experience, feeling, idea, impression, notion, (v) feel, intellect, mind, perceive; antonyms (n) garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, stupidity, foolishness, gibberish, 5. side (kenar, yan); synonyms (n) edge, rim, faction, border, brink, face, part, hand, facet, margin, page, position, wing, (v) party, (adj) nearby; antonym (adj) distant. yönelmek 1. tend; synonyms (v) guard, incline, lead, lean, nurse, attend, contribute, nurture, run, go, gravitate, nourish, carry, conduce, look; antonym (v) neglect, 2. front (ön); synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior, preceding, (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, disguise, facade, frontage, brow, audacity, battlefront, (v) face, confront; antonyms (n) rear, end, (v) back, 3. bear (ayı, taşımak); synonyms (v) accept, abide, acquit, stand, take, afford, allow, apply, assume, behave, brook, comport, conduct, convey, digest, 4. trend (eğilim); synonyms (n) fashion, tendency, fad, inclination, course, direction, disposition, drift, movement, vogue, (v) style, tend, sheer, turn, verge.

yöneltmek 1. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 2. turn (dönmek, dönüş); synonyms (v) revolve, deviate, get, revolution, (n) bend, curve, roll, coil, go, twist, bout, change, round, bent, circle. yönerge 1. instruction (talimat); synonyms (n) charge, command, advice, counsel, direction, education, guidance, guideline, information,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

510

Turkish - English

injunction, prescription, teaching, bidding, commission, doctrine, 2. directive; synonyms (n) decree, edict, instruction, order, ruling, rule, pronouncement, bylaw, law, mandate, (adj) directing, directional, guiding, 3. direction (yön); synonyms (n) administration, conduct, bearing, course, address, control, aspect, aim, lead, care, dictate, hand, drift, disposal, (v) management. yönetici 1. manager (müdür); synonyms (n) director, administrator, coach, executive, head, leader, boss, chief, controller, governor, handler, superintendent, superior, supervisor, ruler; antonym (n) underling, 2. administrator; synonyms (n) manager, officer, official, principal, 3. director (müdür); synonyms (n) commander, chairman, guide, master, captain, inspector, instructor, overseer, pilot, trainer, (v) conductor, direct, 4. ruler (cetvel); synonyms (n) monarch, dynast, prince, sheik, sovereign, government, regulation, (adj) rule, regent, 5. superintendent; synonyms (n) custodian, keeper, caretaker, guardian, super, steward, janitor, examiner, surveyor, warden, (adj) curator, 6. governor (patron, vali); synonyms (n) regulator, protector. yönetim 1. management (idare); synonyms (n) administration, conduct, guidance, command, control, direction, government, handling, leadership, charge, treatment, behavior, steerage, (v) manage, (adj) executive, 2. administration (hükümet); synonyms (n) management, organization, running, power, execution, reign, rule, supervision, department, application, incumbency, ministry, authority, disposal, governance, 3. government (hükümet); synonyms (n) dominion, cabinet, authorities, governing, politics, regime, dominance, establishment, regimen, regulation, sway, adjustment, (adj) empire, public, national, 4. direction (yön); synonyms (n) bearing, course, address, instruction, aspect, aim, counsel, lead, order, prescription, care, dictate, hand, drift, bidding. yönetimsel managerial; synonyms (adj) executive, administrative, professional, clerical, governmental, office, organizational, secretarial.

yönetme 1. government (hükümet, yönetim); synonyms (n) administration, authority, control, direction, command, dominion, governance, cabinet, authorities, governing, guidance, (adj) empire, rule, (v) conduct, management, 2. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, manage, demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, direct, administer, carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, show.

yönetmek 1. command (komut, kumanda); synonyms (n) control, instruction, behest, bidding, decree, direction, administration, ascendancy,

authority, (v) charge, order, rule, call, commission, direct; antonym (v) request, 2. conduct; synonyms (n) behavior, manage, demeanor, lead, performance, (v) act, bring, administer, carriage, acquit, bearing, carry, comport, show, accompany, 3. direct (dolaysız, yönlendirmek); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, transparent, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, dictate, head, guide, level, point, bend, (n) command; antonyms (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique, secondhand, sideways, unplanned, 4. lead; synonyms (v) contribute, chair, conduce, go, govern, convey, give, dispose, run, take, (n) clue, advantage, hint, leash, (adj) front; antonym (v) follow, 5. rule (kural); synonyms (n) dominion, law, ordinance, principle, regulate, reign, government, line, precept, regulation, sway, code, (v) influence, dominate, measure, 6. captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) chief, leader, master, boss, chieftain, commander, commodore, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, 7. manage; synonyms (v) do, accomplish, arrange, cope, deal, handle, work, maintain, behave, achieve, administrate, care, contrive, get, treat, 8. boss (patron); synonyms (n) governor, overseer, superior, administrator, captain, director, executive, foreman, manager, principal, stud, superintendent, supervisor, elder, (v) emboss, 9. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) foam, froth, crown, brain, end, forefront, heading, mind, president, top, bow, climax, (adj) foremost, great, (v) capital; antonym (n) subordinate. yönetmelik regulations; synonyms (n) policy, system, convention. yönetmen 1. director (müdür, yönetici); synonyms (n) commander, manager, administrator, boss, chief, superintendent, chairman, coach, controller, guide, head, leader, master, principal, (v) conductor, 2. manager (müdür, yönetici); synonyms (n) director, executive, governor, handler, superior, supervisor, ruler, entrepreneur, inspector, officer, owner, trainer; antonym (n) underling, 3. administrator (yönetici); synonym (n) official. yöney vector (vektör); synonyms (n) direction, bearing, course, sender, transmitter, vehicle. yonga chip; synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap, shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel. Yönlendirme orientation; synonyms (n) bearing, direction, adjustment, course, introduction, instruction, druthers, information, initiation, predilection, preference, temper, training, assimilation, coordination. yönlendirmek 1. direct (dolaysız); synonyms (adj) straight, blunt, immediate, (v) aim, channel, conduct, address, charge, control, dictate, head, administer, guide, lead, (n) command; antonyms

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English (adj) indirect, roundabout, circuitous, oblique,

second-hand, sideways, unplanned, (v) request, 2. shape (biçim, şekil); synonyms (n) cast, mold, figure, pattern, build, condition, configuration, (v) form, fashion, model, mould, determine, make, adjust, carve. yöntem 1. method; synonyms (n) course, fashion, form, approach, arrangement, custom, formula, manner, order, plan, system, way, device, means, mode; antonym (n) disorder, 2. methodology (yöntembilim); synonyms (n) method, attitude, line, organization, slant, style, tactic, 3. process (süreç); synonyms (n) operation, proceeding, procedure, act, outgrowth, practice, writ, (v) action, function, refine, litigate, treat, work, parade, cultivate, 4. form (biçim, form); synonyms (n) figure, design, arrange, ceremony, shape, class, conformation, (v) cast, make, build, constitute, establish, carve, construct, create, 5. technique; synonyms (n) skill, process, knack, proficiency. yöntembilim methodology; synonyms (n) method, attitude, line, organization, slant, style, system, tactic. yontmak chip (yonga); synonyms (n) splinter, bit, flake, chipping, fleck, fragment, microchip, part, scrap, shaving, check, (v) crack, cut, nick, peel. yontu statue (heykel); synonyms (n) image, figure, monument, statuette, effigy, bust, icon, picture, model, statua, deity, doll, dummy, imitation. yordam 1. routine; synonyms (n) round, habit, method, procedure, process, act, custom, (adj) everyday, ordinary, regular, common, customary, habitual, mundane, normal; antonym (adj) unusual, 2. procedure; synonyms (n) formula, practice, routine, fashion, approach, rule, action, measure, course, function, operation, performance, plan, policy, proceeding. yöre 1. zone (bölge); synonyms (n) area, district, region, section, belt, locality, quarter, realm, layer, territory, province, neighborhood, orbit, circuit, division, 2. region (bölge); synonyms (n) land, country, field, domain, part, range, department, expanse, ground, place, dominion, demesne, direction, extent, position. yöresel local (yerel); synonyms (adj) native, sectional, topical, home, indigenous, municipal, nearby, civic, limited, internal, national, parochial, provincial, restricted, (n) resident; antonyms (adj) foreign, universal, worldwide. yorgun 1. weary; synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 2. tired; synonyms (adj) hackneyed, weary, banal, commonplace, stale, threadbare, trite, haggard, jaded, stock, worn,

511

drowsy, sick, whacked, corny; antonyms (adj) invigorated, alert, refreshed, original, strong. yorgunluk 1. fatigue (bitkinlik); synonyms (n) exhaustion, tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v) exhaust, tire, weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass, jade, wear, drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v) refresh, 2. exhaustion; synonyms (n) fatigue, consumption, enervation, lassitude, weakening, expenditure, debilitation, enfeeblement, (adj) collapse, prostration, apoplexy, deliquium. yormak 1. fatigue (bitkinlik); synonyms (n) exhaustion, tiredness, weariness, lethargy, (v) exhaust, tire, weary, bore, enervate, fag, harass, jade, wear, drain, (adj) flag; antonyms (n) energy, (v) refresh, 2. weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, wearisome, spent, jaded, (v) fatigue, dull, irk, depress, pall; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh, 3. tax (vergi); synonyms (n) charge, duty, burden, excise, dues, impost, taxation, (v) assess, task, accuse, impose, load, cess, levy, strain. yortu feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner, entertainment, binge, carousal, celebration, festival, meal, spread, (v) junket, fete, eat, feed, treat, entertain; antonym (v) fast. yorucu 1. wearing; synonyms (adj) exhausting, tiring, tiresome, trying, wearying, demanding, taxing, (n) wear, eroding, erosion, 2. weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, wearisome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh. yorulmak weary (yorgun); synonyms (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid, irksome, (v) fatigue, tire, exhaust, bore, dull, irk, wear, (n) jade; antonyms (adj) energetic, fresh. yorum 1. interpretation; synonyms (n) version, construction, explanation, exposition, clarification, commentary, illustration, definition, interpreting, translation, analysis, description, performance, reading, understanding, 2. comment; synonyms (n) annotation, critique, note, censure, criticism, mention, observation, reflection, animadversion, account, (v) annotate, remark, gloss, notice, discourse, 3. commentary; synonyms (n) comment, article, footnote, review, 4. explanation (açıklama); synonyms (n) excuse, interpretation, justification, solution, key, answer, caption, apology, basis, elucidation, explication, meaning, narration, reason, cause; antonym (n) mystery, 5. reading (okuma); synonyms (n) recital, learning, lection, study, erudition, lore, presentation, recitation, scholarship, light, (v) read, 6. version (çeviri, uyarlama); synonyms (n) rendering, rendition, variation, variant, report, story, paraphrase, adaptation, form, sketch, summary, transformation.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

512

Turkish - English

yorumlamak 1. interpret; synonyms (v) clarify,

yukarıda 1. above; synonyms (prep) on, past,

construe, elucidate, illustrate, read, understand, comment, gloss, decipher, explain, explicate, render, depict, illuminate, consider, 2. read (okumak); synonyms (v) interpret, gather, indicate, learn, perceive, say, demonstrate, comprehend, display, examine, peruse, record, register, scan, show. yörünge orbit; synonyms (n) circle, cycle, field, orb, area, compass, domain, turn, expanse, course, ambit, circuit, range, reach, realm. yozlaştırma corruption (bozulma); synonyms (n) contamination, depravity, adulteration, pollution, bribery, filth, infection, taint, vitiation, canker, blight, foulness, impurity, contagion, (adj) shuffle; antonyms (n) purification, decency, honesty, incorruptness. yüce 1. supreme; synonyms (adj) dominant, maximum, paramount, head, chief, sovereign, consummate, extreme, preeminent, principal, superlative, uppermost, main, prime, (n) utmost; antonym (adj) minor, 2. noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious, distinguished, elevated, exalted, generous, high, impressive, majestic, patrician, (n) grand, excellent, (v) great; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, 3. high (yüksek); synonyms (adj) eminent, expensive, lofty, tall, heavy, arrogant, costly, dear, shrill, strong, drunk, (v) bad, fusty, rancid, steep; antonyms (adj) deep, short, sober, (n) low. yük 1. load (yüklemek); synonyms (n) charge, cargo, freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment, lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile, lade; antonym (v) unload, 2. cargo; synonyms (n) loading, wares, freightage, goods, haul, merchandise, payload, (adj) load, bushel, 3. freight (navlun); synonyms (v) carry, ship, 4. burden; synonyms (n) anxiety, strain, bale, care, concern, core, encumbrance, essence, gist, (v) bother, burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, force; antonyms (v) relieve, unburden, 5. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, demand, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, arraign, assault, cost; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 6. weight (ağırlık); synonyms (n) consequence, heaviness, importance, pressure, significance, stress, ballast, bias, import, influence, moment, emphasis, avoirdupois, validity, (v) gravity; antonym (n) triviality, 7. tax (vergi); synonyms (n) duty, excise, dues, impost, taxation, toll, imposition, fee, (v) assess, task, impose, cess, levy, drain, appraise. Yukarı up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance, effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over, uphill, cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep.

surpassing, (adv) over, beyond, aloft, supra, up, more, overhead, (adj) preceding, former, upper, foregoing, previous; antonym (prep) below, 2. up; synonyms (adv) upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance, effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) uphill, cheerful, happy, improving; antonym (adj) asleep, 3. upstairs; synonyms (n) administration, authority, board, eternity, executive, floor, head, heaven, paradise, (adj) upstair; antonym (adv) downstairs. yukarıya 1. up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) raise, mount, rise, boost, advance, effervescent, filling, frothy, (adj) over, uphill, cheerful; antonym (adj) asleep, 2. upstairs; synonyms (n) administration, authority, board, eternity, executive, floor, head, heaven, paradise, (adj) upstair; antonym (adv) downstairs. yükleme 1. imposition; synonyms (n) deception, exaction, cheat, deceit, imposture, trick, demand, hoax, delusion, fraud, infliction, swindle, tax, wile, enforcement, 2. charging; synonyms (n) decree, blocking. yüklemek 1. load (yük); synonyms (n) charge, cargo, freight, stack, heap, pack, weight, consignment, lading, shipment, (v) burden, fill, encumber, pile, lade; antonym (v) unload, 2. charge; synonyms (n) accusation, care, command, commission, bill, tax, accusal, assail, (v) accuse, blame, attack, bid, load, arraign, assault; antonyms (v) request, absolve, retreat, 3. burden; synonyms (n) anxiety, strain, bale, concern, core, encumbrance, essence, gist, (v) bother, burthen, clog, trouble, afflict, force, handicap; antonyms (v) relieve, unburden, 4. install (kurmak); synonyms (v) establish, fix, inaugurate, appoint, erect, crown, induct, instal, invest, lodge, place, plant, post, put, quarter; antonym (v) overthrow, 5. lay; synonyms (v) set, deposit, install, lie, rest, bear, allay, arrange, bet, impose, impute, (adj) secular, calm, (n) ballad, pitch, 6. saddle; synonyms (n) saddleback, seat, (v) lumber, 7. shift; synonyms (n) interchange, turn, move, switch, conversion, (v) change, exchange, remove, quibble, alter, budge, convert, displace, transfer, fluctuate. yüklenici contractor (müteahhit); synonyms (n) builder, entrepreneur, party, undertaker, affirmer, asserter, avower, dealer, declarer, outworker, broker, freelancer, merchant, seller. yüklenmek 1. undertake; synonyms (v) attempt, try, accept, contract, covenant, guarantee, tackle, take, assume, assure, begin, engage, promise, endeavor, seek, 2. shoulder (banket, omuz); synonyms (n) elbow, back, scale, serif, shank, (v) bear, carry, push, hold, jostle, support, sustain, shove, thrust, undertake.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English yüklü 1. loaded; synonyms (adj) laden, full, burdened, flush, moneyed, wealthy, affluent, rich, tight, tipsy, intoxicated, heavy, pixilated, plastered, soused; antonym (adj) poor, 2. charged; synonyms (adj) fraught, loaded, aerated, replete, abounding, deferred, electric, excited, explosive, invigorating, pregnant, supercharged, freighted, meaningful, oxygenated. yüklük cupboard; synonyms (n) closet, cabinet, buffet, commode, compartment, cranny, cub, nook, pigeonhole, bin, breakfront, bunker, cellaret, clothespress, cubicle. yüksek 1. high; synonyms (adj) eminent, elevated, great, expensive, distinguished, exalted, lofty, tall, heavy, arrogant, costly, dear, (v) bad, fusty, rancid; antonyms (adj) deep, short, sober, (n) low, 2. loud; synonyms (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, boisterous, brassy, forte, high, brazen, jazzy, clamorous, colorful, flash, meretricious, (adv) aloud; antonyms (adj) soft, gentle, quiet, tasteful, subdued, subtle, 3. tall (uzun); synonyms (adj) big, lanky, towering, unbelievable, strapping, long, exaggerated, gangling, grandiloquent, magniloquent; antonym (adj) small, 4. noble (asil); synonyms (adj) dignified, imposing, magnificent, glorious, generous, impressive, majestic, patrician, famous, aristocratic, elegant, gallant, (n) grand, excellent, aristocrat; antonyms (adj) lower-class, selfish, shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly. yükseklik height (doruk, zirve); synonyms (n) acme, apex, altitude, crest, culmination, peak, pinnacle, top, climax, degree, elevation, eminence, grade, high, level; antonym (n) shortness. yükselen rising; synonyms (adj) climbing, uphill, emergent, (n) ascending, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, ascension, ascent, climb, insurrection, outbreak, rise, advance, (adv) increasing; antonyms (adj) plummeting, decreasing, plunging. yükseliş rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire. yükselme 1. promotion; synonyms (n) furtherance, advance, advancement, advertising, boost, encouragement, hype, preferment, progress, advertisement, cultivation, exaltation, forwarding, publicity, support; antonyms (n) demotion, neglect, 2. advancement (ilerleme, terfi); synonyms (n) promotion, upgrade, growth, development, elevation, improvement, progression, profit, betterment, gain, headway, movement, raise, rise, upgrading, 3. ascent; synonyms (n) acclivity, ascension, climb, ascending, hill, incline, grade, jump, slant, gradient, hike, inclination, pitch, rising, slope; antonyms (n) descent, fall, 4. rise (yükselmek); synonyms (n) lift, ascent, swell,

513

raising, revolt, (v) mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, grow, originate, rear, surge, loom; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire. yükselmek 1. rise; synonyms (n) elevation, lift, ascent, progress, raise, swell, raising, advancement, (v) climb, mount, ascend, increase, heave, arise, jump; antonyms (n) reduction, (v) fall, decrease, drop, sink, descend, plummet, retire, 2. climb (tırmanmak); synonyms (v) clamber, escalate, scale, scramble, bestride, fly, (n) rise, acclivity, advance, ascending, ascension, climbing, hike, mounting, upgrade, 3. arise; synonyms (v) appear, emerge, issue, originate, proceed, result, awake, commence, develop, emanate, ensue, follow, grow, happen, occur. yükseltme 1. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, 2. promotion; synonyms (n) furtherance, advancement, advertising, encouragement, hype, preferment, progress, advertisement, cultivation, exaltation, forwarding, publicity, support, advocacy, improvement; antonyms (n) demotion, neglect. yükseltmek 1. raise (toplamak); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower, 2. promote; synonyms (v) encourage, help, aid, advertise, develop, forward, push, assist, dignify, exalt, improve, plug, raise, arouse, (adv) further; antonyms (v) demote, discourage, 3. up; synonyms (adv) aloft, upward, upwardly, upwards, (v) mount, rise, effervescent, filling, frothy, mousseux, (adj) over, uphill, cheerful, happy, improving; antonym (adj) asleep, 4. boost; synonyms (n) jump, encouragement, progress, shove, boom, (v) amplify, hike, thrust, bolster, enlarge, gain, inflate, support, accelerate, invigorate; antonyms (n) disappointment, (v) decrease, knock, drop, undermine, 5. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, heave, climb, ascent, (v) filch, airlift, pilfer, pinch, rear, steal, swipe, heighten, annul, arise, carry, 6. increase (artırmak, artış); synonyms (n) addition, augmentation, expansion, extension, growth, accretion, development, enlargement, (v) accrue, extend, aggrandize, expand, deepen, accumulate, benefit; antonyms (n) reduction, contraction, decline, (v) reduce, diminish, deteriorate. yükümlü liable; synonyms (adj) amenable, accountable, answerable, apt, disposed, exposed, inclined, responsible, likely, subject, culpable, vulnerable, given, obnoxious, susceptible; antonym (adj) exempt.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

514

Turkish - English

yükümlülük obligation; synonyms (n) debt, bond, commitment, duty, liability, charge, burden, necessity, need, onus, requirement, responsibility, covenant, job, compulsion; antonym (n) option. yumru lump; synonyms (n) heap, chunk, knot, block, clod, hunk, tumor, bit, bulge, clump, fragment, knob, (v) clot, (adj) mass, lout. yumruk 1. fist; synonyms (n) hand, grip, index, (v) finger, paw, neaf, neif, wrist, 2. buffet (büfe); synonyms (n) blow, canteen, restaurant, impact, (v) beat, batter, cuff, buff, hit, knock, punch, smack, belabor, strike, thump, 3. punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill, die, wallop, dig, nudge, (v) poke, prick, perforate, stab, thrust, puncture, push, slap, bore. yumruklamak punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust. yumruklaşmak box (kutu); synonyms (n) basket, cage, chest, package, booth, blow, carton, case, container, crate, envelope, (v) cuff, buffet, beat, fight; antonym (v) unbox. yumurta egg; synonyms (n) ball, rudiment, eggs, nut, testicle, testis, ballock, bollock, stock, bud, embryo, nucleus, addict, baseball, beginning. yumurtlamak lay; synonyms (v) place, put, fix, set, deposit, install, lie, rest, invest, bear, allay, arrange, (adj) secular, (n) ballad, pitch. yumuşak 1. smooth (düz, düzgün); synonyms (adj) easy, calm, level, oily, facile, flat, flowing, fluent, fluid, glossy, graceful, greasy, (v) quiet, facilitate, even; antonyms (adj) rough, uneven, abrasive, coarse, crumpled, flaking, harsh, jerky, lined, peeling, prickly, ridged, wrinkled, corrugated, (v) wrinkle, 2. soft; synonyms (adj) gentle, light, limp, balmy, delicate, slack, loose, clement, faint, flabby, flaccid, frail, lenient, (v) feeble, low; antonyms (adj) hard, firm, loud, hoarse, solid, stiff, alcoholic, shrill, strong, 3. tender; synonyms (adj) affectionate, painful, loving, sensitive, soft, sore, compassionate, fond, mild, (v) proffer, present, propose, (n) offer, bid, overture; antonyms (adj) tough, hardhearted, rubbery, 4. floppy; synonyms (adj) drooping, baggy, droopy, (n) diskette; antonym (adj) taut, 5. light (açık, hafif, ışık); synonyms (adj) fair, clear, flimsy, (n) flame, brightness, daylight, illumination, dawn, (v) fire, kindle, inflame, glow, ignite, dismount, illuminate; antonyms (adj) fattening, nauseating, (n) dark, darkness, gloom, shade, night, (v) extinguish, darken, (alt sp) heavy, 6. gentle; synonyms (adj) friendly, affable, kind, tame, amiable, benign, bland, docile, fine, kindly, nice, tender, elegant, dainty, (n) benevolent; antonyms (adj) caustic, cruel, fierce, violent, abrupt, sarcastic, sheer, steep. yumuşamak 1. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v)

calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2. relax; synonyms (v) loose, give, lounge, unbend, melt, debilitate, relieve, remit, rest, slack, soften, unbrace, (n) loosen, release, (adj) relent; antonyms (v) tighten, tense. yumuşatma relaxation (gevşeme); synonyms (n) ease, diversion, amusement, pastime, entertainment, recreation, rest, leisure, comfort, quiet, remission, repose, respite, peace, hobby. yumuşatmak 1. moderate (ılımlı); synonyms (adj) temperate, abstemious, middling, mild, easy, (v) calm, mitigate, allay, curb, diminish, lessen, ease, cool, abate, (adv) check; antonyms (adj) extreme, immoderate, radical, (v) increase, intensify, 2. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, space, spell, (prep) period, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, (adj) harden, habituate. yün wool; synonyms (n) fleece, fur, coat, hair, woolen, woollen, yarn, fiber, pelt, sheepskin, strand, string, thread, hide, mane. yunus dolphin; synonyms (n) dolphinfish, mahimahi, trident, pale. yürek heart (kalp); synonyms (n) core, center, spirit, affection, basis, bosom, breast, courage, crux, essence, hub, kernel, marrow, middle, (adj) gist; antonym (n) edge. yüreklendirmek encourage; synonyms (v) cheer, abet, advance, aid, back, boost, comfort, foster, further, promote, urge, advocate, cherish, advise, animate; antonyms (v) discourage, dishearten, prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop. yüreklilik courage (cesaret); synonyms (n) bravery, audacity, fortitude, backbone, boldness, gallantry, heroism, mettle, nerve, spirit, valor, chivalry, manhood, courageousness, determination; antonym (n) cowardice. yurt 1. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family, habitation, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic, 2. country (ülke); synonyms (n) state, nation, home, land, area, commonwealth, kingdom, realm, region, soil, territory, district, (adj) rural, rustic, public; antonyms (n) city, (adj) urban. yurttaş citizen; synonyms (n) civilian, denizen, inhabitant, national, resident, native, subject, voter; antonym (n) foreigner. yürüme 1. walking; synonyms (v) careless, current, excelling, passant, surpassing, (adj) moving, active, ambulant, ambulative, gradient, (n) walk, traveling, paseo, pass, (adv) afoot, 2. walk (yürümek, yürüyüş); synonyms (v) ramble, course, hike,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion. yürümek 1. walk (yürüyüş); synonyms (v) ramble, course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, 2. step (adım, basamak); synonyms (n) degree, measure, stage, walk, gradation, level, rank, act, footprint, footstep, stride, advance, phase, (v) proceeding, tread.

yürürlük operation (ameliyat, operasyon); synonyms (n) execution, movement, act, agency, effect, business, management, action, function, functioning, performance, running, mission, task, job.

yürürlükteki current (akım, cari, geçerli); synonyms (adj) common, contemporary, fashionable, instant, actual, fresh, modern, new, popular, (n) flow, stream, run, afloat, movement, (prep) course; antonyms (adj) obsolete, past, old, oldfashioned, previous. yürütme 1. executive; synonyms (n) administrator, manager, director, administration, boss, officer, official, supervisor, commissioner, governor, head, management, (adj) administrative, managerial, (v) authoritative, 2. execution; synonyms (n) performance, accomplishment, achievement, effect, enforcement, implementation, action, discharge, executing, doing, effectuation, completion, murder, act, end. yürütmek 1. collar (yaka); synonyms (n) arrest, choker, pinch, ruff, chaplet, flange, (v) catch, apprehend, capture, clutch, grab, nail, cop, get, grasp, 2. enforce; synonyms (v) coerce, compel, constrain, apply, drive, execute, implement, impose, dispense, effect, impress, accomplish, enjoin, (n) force, assert, 3. lift (asansör, kaldırmak); synonyms (n) elevator, boost, heave, (v) hoist, raise, rise, elevate, erect, filch, hike, advance, airlift, pilfer, rear, steal, 4. walk (yürümek, yürüyüş); synonyms (v) ramble, course, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, pass. yürütücü executive; synonyms (n) administrator, manager, director, administration, boss, officer, official, supervisor, commissioner, governor, head, management, (adj) administrative, managerial, (v) authoritative. yürüyüş 1. walk (yürümek); synonyms (v) ramble, course, hike, move, roam, travel, trek, go, (n) step, gait, pace, path, saunter, stroll, excursion, 2. pace (adım); synonyms (n) walk, rate, footstep, rapidity, speed, tempo, tread, celerity, fastness, run, beat, cadence, carriage, footfall, (v) stride; antonym (n) slowness, 3. walking (yürüme); synonyms (v) careless, current, excelling, passant, surpassing, (adj) moving, active, ambulant, ambulative, gradient, wayfaring, (n) traveling, paseo, pass, (adv) afoot.

515

yutmak 1. absorb (emmek); synonyms (v) consume, drink, engross, imbibe, assimilate, engage, occupy, suck, swallow, amuse, digest, engulf, fascinate, ingest, (adj) immerse; antonyms (v) bore, emit, 2. buy (almak, satın almak); synonyms (v) acquire, bribe, take, shop, accept, believe, get, admit, attain, corrupt, hold, (n) bargain, purchase, acquisition, deal; antonym (v) sell. yuva 1. nest; synonyms (n) den, lair, hole, burrow, home, herd, (v) nestle, (adj) brood, hive, litter, 2. dock; synonyms (n) bob, berth, bobtail, harbor, pier, quay, sorrel, wharf, marina, dockage, (v) clip, cut, pare, curtail, deprive; antonym (v) undock, 3. socket; synonyms (n) cavity, alveolus, sleeve, hollow, pocket, slot, recess, sheath, compass, employment, fitment, fob, overshot, pouch, province, 4. home (ev); synonyms (n) fireside, abode, domicile, house, base, building, dwelling, family, habitation, household, place, residence, shelter, asylum, (adj) domestic, 5. slot; synonyms (n) groove, notch, gap, opening, position, aperture, split, section, class, nick, partition, spot, track, (v) slit, rank. yuvar sphere; synonyms (n) region, range, area, domain, province, realm, ball, circle, department, globe, round, ring, arena, compass, field. Yuvarlak 1. round; synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, (v) compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 2. circular; synonyms (adj) round, annular, circinate, globular, orbicular, rotund, rounded, spherical, (n) advertisement, bill, handbill, brochure, publication, bulletin, flier; antonym (adj) square. yuvarlaklaştırmak round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, (v) compass, turn, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp. yuvarlamak 1. roll; synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow, 2. round (Yuvarlak); synonyms (adv) about, around, (adj) circular, plump, entire, chubby, complete, (n) circle, bout, ring, beat, circuit, cycle, (v) compass, gird; antonyms (adj) slim, sharp, 3. bowl; synonyms (n) basin, pot, plate, container, hollow, stadium, arena, depression, bowlful, trough, (v) hurl, roll, toss, troll, trundle. yuvarlanma 1. rolling; synonyms (adj) resounding, rolled, tumbling, billowing, billowy, resonant, resonating, reverberating, reverberative, (n) roll, peal, curling, wheeling, crimping, pealing, 2. roll (yuvarlamak); synonyms (n) list, revolution, catalogue, inventory, register, (v) coil, reel, curl, enfold, revolve, wheel, rock, turn, twist, wallow. yüz 1. hundred; synonyms (n) century, cent, centred, lathe, riding, soke, tithing, carbon, cocain, cocaine,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

516

Turkish - English

coke, coulomb, snow, (adj) centigrade, 2. face (çehre, surat); synonyms (n) look, aspect, countenance, expression, side, top, exterior, appearance, facade, surface, (v) confront, audacity, veneer, visage, (adj) front; antonyms (v) avoid, back, 3. front (ön); synonyms (adj) head, fore, anterior, preceding, forward, (n) forefront, disguise, frontage, brow, battlefront, cover, forepart, (v) face, breast, impudence; antonyms (n) rear, end. yüzbaşı captain (kaptan); synonyms (n) chief, head, leader, master, boss, chieftain, commander, commodore, guide, officer, pilot, skipper, ruler, (v) govern, manage. yüzde 1. percent; synonyms (n) percentage, pct, part, portion, share, 2. percentage; synonyms (n) cut, lot, percent, piece, proportion, ration, interest, profit, degree, measure, poundage, quantity, quota, rate, agio. yüzdelik percentage; synonyms (n) part, share, cut, lot, percent, piece, portion, proportion, ration, interest, profit, degree, measure, poundage, quantity. yüzdürmek swim (yüzmek); synonyms (v) float, hover, drift, spin, plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming, (adj) rise. yüzey 1. surface; synonyms (n) level, face, outside, superficies, facet, grain, side, (v) appear, emerge, coat, rise, (adj) exterior, external, shallow, superficial; antonyms (n) core, inside, interior, middle, 2. level (düzey); synonyms (n) grade, degree, (adj) even, equal, horizontal, (v) flat, flatten, floor, aim, demolish, destroy, dismantle, raze, bulldoze, balance; antonyms (adj) inclined, slanting, angled, unequal, (v) uneven, build, raise. yüzeysel 1. superficial; synonyms (adj) cursory, shallow, external, sketchy, slight, apparent, exterior, frivolous, outward, surface, outer, flimsy, empty, facile, ostensible; antonyms (adj) deep, innate, real, thorough, profound, inner, permanent, 2. shallow; synonyms (adj) shoal, superficial, low, petty, little, simple, dull, mean, airy, ignorant, plain, thin, trifling, (n) flat, silly; antonym (adj) bottomless. yüzleştirmek confront; synonyms (v) face, front, oppose, challenge, approach, brave, defy, collate, affront, play, compare, dare, encounter, meet, resist; antonyms (v) avoid, evade. yüzme 1. swimming; synonyms (adj) vertigo, liquid, naiant, natatorial, aquatic, dizzy, dripping, flowing, fluent, fluid, giddy, light, (n) swim, natation, (v) dizziness, 2. swim (yüzmek); synonyms (v) float, hover, drift, spin, plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming, (adj) rise. yüzmek swim; synonyms (v) float, hover, drift, spin, plane, spire, (n) dip, swimming, (adj) rise.

yüzölçümü area (alan); synonyms (n) place, region, size, width, expanse, field, neighborhood, section, sphere, breadth, compass, district, domain, extent, land. yüzsüzlük 1. cheek (yanak); synonyms (n) audacity, boldness, brass, face, impertinence, nerve, gall, impudence, insolence, lip, mouth, daring, disrespect, effrontery, jowl; antonym (n) respect, 2. nerve (sinir); synonyms (n) cheek, courage, fortitude, heart, mettle, prowess, assurance, backbone, brace, gallantry, grit, guts, muscle, pluck, spirit; antonym (n) cowardice. yüzücülük swimming (yüzme); synonyms (adj) vertigo, liquid, naiant, natatorial, aquatic, dizzy, dripping, flowing, fluent, fluid, giddy, light, (n) swim, natation, (v) dizziness. yüzük ring (halka); synonyms (n) encircle, band, gang, jingle, loop, rim, circuit, annulus, (v) circle, call, peal, echo, resound, reverberate, gird. yüzükoyun prone; synonyms (adj) liable, apt, disposed, inclined, flat, predisposed, subject, likely, procumbent, prostrate, susceptible, supine, given, ready, exposed; antonym (adj) upright. yüzünden 1. for (çünkü, için); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence, 2. through (içinden); synonyms (prep) for, along, throughout, (adv) thorough, via, (adj) finished, done, direct, straight, completed, complete, (prf) past. yüzyıl century (asır); synonyms (n) age, centenary, hundred, centred, millennium, carbon, hecatomb, life, cocain, cocaine, coke, coulomb, lifetime, seniority, snow.

Ý Ýleri next (sonraki); synonyms (adj) later, nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, subsequent, future, coming, ensuing, after, close, near, adjoining, (adv) afterward, then; antonyms (adj) distant, outgoing, (adv) previous, preceding, previously.

Ýptal cancel (feshetmek, iptal etmek, silmek); synonyms (v) annul, abrogate, erase, expunge, invalidate, remit, revoke, abate, avoid, efface, eliminate, obliterate, repeal, (adj) abolish, nullify; antonym (v) validate.

Z zaaf 1. disability (yetersizlik); synonyms (n) handicap, inability, disablement, disqualification, drawback, impairment, incapacity, disadvantage, damage, deadening, deterioration, deterrent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English detriment, illness, trouble, 2. weakness; synonyms (n) debility, defect, failing, fault, deficiency, feebleness, fragility, imperfection, flaw, frailty, inadequacy, blemish, predilection, (adj) infirmity, foible; antonyms (n) strength, power, dislike, advantage, brightness, determination, intensity, supremacy. zafer 1. victory; synonyms (n) triumph, conquest, success, mastery, subjugation, superiority, achievement, expugnation, feat; antonyms (n) defeat, beating, failure, loss, 2. conquest; synonyms (n) victory, conquering, reduction, coup, rout, occupation, overthrow, subjection, win; antonym (n) surrender, 3. triumph; synonyms (n) glory, exultation, accomplishment, celebration, hit, (v) exult, prevail, crow, joy, rejoice, succeed, gloat, conquer, delight, revel; antonyms (n) sorrow, (v) fail, lose, 4. win (kazanmak); synonyms (v) acquire, gain, get, attain, obtain, achieve, earn, secure, take, carry, vanquish, procure, reach, score, make. zahmet 1. bother; synonyms (v) trouble, annoy, torment, vex, worry, afflict, aggravate, (n) fuss, plague, bore, hassle, pain, ado, annoyance, concern; antonyms (v) delight, please, soothe, (n) pleasure, 2. trouble; synonyms (n) distress, bother, anxiety, difficulty, care, harass, hardship, (v) inconvenience, disorder, disquiet, agitate, burden, distract, disturb, (adj) affliction; antonym (v) calm, 3. pains; synonyms (n) toil, effort, labor, nisus, exertion, strain, striving, struggle, duty. zahmetli trying; synonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, hard, taxing, annoying, bothersome, demanding, rugged, severe, thorny, tiresome, tough, painful, troublesome, irritating; antonyms (adj) easy, rewarding. zahmetsiz 1. easy (kolay); synonyms (adj) comfortable, convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, lenient, light, clear, contented, cozy, casual, comfy, cushy, (adv) soft, easily; antonyms (adj) difficult, arduous, demanding, hard, laborious, burdensome, particular, strenuous, tough, awkward, formal, testing, uneasy, 2. cheap (ucuz); synonyms (adj) inexpensive, low, stingy, tacky, base, brassy, bum, cheesy, economical, flashy, mean, niggardly, reasonable, shabby, sleazy; antonyms (adj) expensive, costly, generous, tasteful, first-rate, luxurious. zalim 1. cruel (gaddar); synonyms (adj) barbarous, brutal, hard, harsh, heartless, unkind, bitter, bloody, atrocious, biting, fierce, inhuman, merciless, ruthless, savage; antonyms (adj) gentle, kind, merciful, humane, liberal, sympathetic, 2. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, arduous, callous, cruel, grueling, knotty, tough, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n)

517

rough; antonyms (adj) easy, soft, simple, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly. zam raise (toplamak, yükseltmek); synonyms (v) boost, lift, erect, hoist, increase, build, elevate, enhance, foster, grow, promote, prefer, augment, cultivate, (n) advance; antonym (v) lower. zaman 1. time (saat, süre); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo; antonym (n) death, 2. date (tarih); synonyms (n) appointment, assignation, engagement, meeting, time, year, boyfriend, (v) escort, determine, register, accompany, court, see, 3. day (gün, gündüz); synonyms (n) light, daylight, generation, daytime, crisis; antonyms (n) nighttime, night, 4. season; synonyms (n) opportunity, (v) flavor, mature, inure, salt, mellow, flavour, moderate, pickle, ripen, spice, temper, sauce, (adj) harden, habituate, 5. hour (saat); synonyms (n) hr, nonce, minute, lifetime, month, quarter, quinquennium, week, alarm, amazement, arcminute, astonishment, bit, convenience, second, 6. while; synonyms (conj) as, whereas, although, though, (n) piece, (prep) during, (adv) when, whilst, because. zamanlama timing; synonyms (n) timekeeping, running. zamanlamak time (saat, süre, zaman); synonyms (n) hour, moment, period, duration, epoch, era, measure, season, day, spell, age, instant, interval, space, tempo; antonym (n) death. zambak lily; synonyms (adj) chalk, effeminate, milk, paper, rose, snow, anemone, asphodel, begonia, buttercup, geranium, marigold, ranunculus, rhododendron, tulip. zamk cement; synonyms (n) glue, adhesive, gum, paste, size, cementum, (v) fasten, fix, join, plaster, stick, adhere, affix, bind, (adj) concrete. zan assumption; synonyms (n) presumption, supposition, hypothesis, premise, adoption, arrogance, acceptance, belief, conclusion, conjecture, guess, idea, surmise, theory, notion. zanaat craft; synonyms (n) boat, ability, art, cunning, trade, artfulness, guile, fraud, shift, artifice, business, deceit, job, occupation, profession.

zannetmek 1. guess (sanmak, tahmin etmek); synonyms (v) conjecture, surmise, forecast, believe, deem, divine, reckon, suppose, assume, calculate, feel, figure, foretell, (n) estimate, assumption, 2. believe (inanmak); synonyms (v) think, accredit, conceive, consider, guess, understand, accept, expect, hope, imagine, suspect, apprehend, trow, (n) belief, trust; antonyms (v) disbelieve, distrust, 3. suppose (sanmak); synonyms (v) infer, presume, speculate, judge, regard, fancy, count, anticipate, gather, hypothesize, opine, postulate, presuppose,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

518

Turkish - English

say, put, 4. think (düşünmek, sanmak); synonyms (v) hold, muse, ponder, reflect, cogitate, contemplate, deliberate, meditate, reason, study, envisage, esteem, intend, recollect, see; antonym (v) forget. zapt conquest; synonyms (n) victory, conquering, defeat, triumph, achievement, reduction, coup, rout, mastery, occupation, overthrow, subjection, subjugation, success, win; antonym (n) surrender. zaptetmek 1. occupy; synonyms (v) hold, have, engage, engross, fill, get, absorb, employ, inhabit, invade, possess, conquer, busy, capture, (n) entertain; antonym (v) leave, 2. capture; synonyms (v) bag, catch, take, apprehend, captivate, carry, ensnare, seize, bewitch, acquire, beguile, collar, (n) arrest, seizure, apprehension; antonyms (v) release, surrender. zar 1. membrane; synonyms (n) diaphragm, film, skin, coat, covering, casing, coating, crust, 2. film; synonyms (n) membrane, cloud, cinema, haze, layer, movie, show, fog, flake, flick, pic, picture, scale, (v) mist, photograph. zarafet grace; synonyms (n) elegance, favor, clemency, beauty, benediction, blessing, (v) bedeck, adorn, deck, garnish, beautify, decorate, embellish, dress, embroider. zarar 1. loss (kayıp); synonyms (n) hurt, damage, defeat, detriment, injury, deficit, deprivation, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement, decrease, cost, fall, (adj) harm; antonyms (n) appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income, recovery, 2. harm; synonyms (n) evil, bruise, wound, disadvantage, disservice, wrong, disaster, ill, (v) abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage, endamage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 3. disadvantage; synonyms (n) inconvenience, limitation, loss, failing, fault, flaw, liability, snag, awkwardness, penalty; antonyms (n) bonus, value, (v) advantage, 4. injury; synonyms (n) grievance, impairment, affront, contusion, lesion, concussion, mischief, outrage, strain, indignity, defect, cut, injustice, insult, (v) crime; antonyms (n) ability, reparation, 5. damage (zarar vermek); synonyms (n) price, ruin, tear, wreck, charge, defacement, (v) afflict, disfigure, mar, mutilate, spoil, break, deface, destroy, (adj) impair; antonyms (n) service, (v) conserve, repair, bolster, 6. evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) bad, corrupt, criminal, wicked, depraved, destructive, harmful, malign, sinister, vicious, (n) adversity, depravity, malice, wickedness, (v) curse; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 7. cost; synonyms (n) amount, expense, toll, disbursement, expenditure, fee, payment, rate, worth, sacrifice, budget, bill, expenses, figure, (v) be.

zararlı 1. harmful; synonyms (adj) baneful, destructive, detrimental, disadvantageous, hurtful, injurious, noxious, dangerous, damaging, deleterious, evil, maleficent, adverse, bad, baleful; antonyms (adj) harmless, healthy, safe, helpful, 2. evil (fena, kötü, kötülük); synonyms (adj) corrupt, criminal, ill, wicked, depraved, harmful, malign, sinister, (n) damage, adversity, detriment, disaster, depravity, malice, mischief; antonyms (adj) kindhearted, (n) good, goodness, righteousness, 3. destructive; synonyms (adj) deadly, fatal, mischievous, pernicious, calamitous, negative, vicious, slaughterous, corrosive, disastrous, malignant, murderous, noisome, poisonous, ruinous; antonyms (adj) constructive, creative, 4. ill; synonyms (adj) sick, ailing, diseased, unhealthy, nauseous, disordered, (adv) badly, poorly, sickly, amiss, (n) harm, complaint, hurt, ailment, calamity; antonym (adv) well. zararsız 1. harmless; synonyms (adj) innocuous, safe, benign, inoffensive, hurtless, innocent, innoxious, intact, simple, (n) silly, foolish; antonyms (adj) harmful, damaging, destructive, lethal, poisonous, toxic, 2. innocent (masum); synonyms (adj) harmless, chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, blameless, faultless, gullible, naive, pure, spotless, unsophisticated; antonyms (adj) guilty, culpable, responsible, wary, wicked. zarf 1. envelope; synonyms (n) container, pack, case, jacket, blanket, vesicle, package, box, packet, screen, (v) cover, covering, cloak, veil, wrap, 2. cover (örtmek); synonyms (v) coat, conceal, top, bury, comprise, bind, (n) blind, binding, camouflage, cap, lid, mask, shield, spread, coating; antonyms (v) reveal, expose, uncover. zarfında within (içinde); synonyms (prep) into, (adv) inside, in, indoors, internally, inwardly, inly, (n) interior, (adj) inwards; antonyms (prep) outside, beyond. zarflamak envelope (zarf); synonyms (n) container, pack, case, jacket, blanket, vesicle, package, box, packet, screen, (v) cover, covering, cloak, veil, wrap. zarif 1. elegant (şık); synonyms (adj) graceful, courtly, delicate, splendid, beautiful, dainty, polite, refined, dressy, artistic, charming, chic, classy, cultured, debonair; antonyms (adj) clumsy, inelegant, scruffy, ugly, coarse, plain, tacky, 2. exquisite; synonyms (adj) elegant, excellent, gorgeous, admirable, acute, choice, heavenly, wonderful, fair, fine, intense, lovely, delicious, accomplished, (v) delightful; antonym (adj) everyday. zaten 1. besides; synonyms (adv) also, furthermore, moreover, too, again, additionally, anyway, else, therewithal, beyond, (prep) except, on, beside, (adj)

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English more, likewise, 2. already; synonyms (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, once, earlier, finally, (adj) erewhile, present. zavallı 1. poor (fakir, fena, kötü); synonyms (adj) bad, low, miserable, paltry, deplorable, destitute, evil, inadequate, insufficient, needy, pathetic, penniless, piteous, (v) meager, (n) mean; antonyms (adj) rich, wealthy, excellent, first-rate, privileged, well-off, admirable, good, 2. wretched; synonyms (adj) unfortunate, unhappy, forlorn, pitiful, sad, lamentable, pitiable, sorry, woeful, abject, base, contemptible, desolate, despicable, (v) poor; antonym (adj) happy. zayıf 1. faint (bayılmak); synonyms (adj) collapse, dim, dizzy, feeble, indistinct, weak, dull, gentle, soft, vague, delicate, distant, (v) languish, swoon, droop; antonyms (adj) distinct, strong, clear, obvious, considerable, loud, pungent, 2. slight; synonyms (adj) flimsy, slender, thin, fragile, faint, fine, (n) scorn, disdain, (v) disregard, insult, neglect, ignore, affront, cut, (adv) light; antonyms (adj) major, fat, heavy, intense, severe, thickset, wide, 3. slim (zayıflamak); synonyms (adj) narrow, slight, lean, remote, skinny, lithe, meager, frail, small, spare, taper, tenuous, (v) reduce, slenderize, sly; antonyms (adj) hefty, plump, stocky, 4. thin (ince); synonyms (adj) gaunt, emaciated, rare, slim, sparse, bony, gossamer, lank, scrawny, poor, (v) dilute, sheer, subtle, scanty, adulterate; antonyms (adj) thick, concentrated, chubby, broad, (v) thicken, 5. spare; synonyms (adj) reserve, excess, save, additional, bare, frugal, redundant, refrain, skimpy, (v) free, exempt, economize, excuse, (n) extra, backup, 6. weak; synonyms (adj) flat, watery, ailing, cowardly, diluted, exhausted, inadequate, infirm, lax, nerveless, shaky, sickly, slack, decrepit, (v) loose; antonyms (adj) brave, firm, safe, compelling, determined, effective, forceful, healthy, powerful, resolute, robust, sturdy, vigorous, able, fit, 7. frail; synonyms (adj) brittle, breakable, rickety, dainty, puny, sick, unhealthy, fallible, impotent, flabby, brash, unsound, frangible, helpless, (v) shattery; antonym (adj) substantial, 8. low (alçak); synonyms (adj) contemptible, abject, humble, ignoble, base, blue, common, deep, dejected, depressed, down, downcast, downhearted, mean, (n) depression; antonyms (adj) cheerful, happy, high-pitched, important, piercing, (n) high. zayıflamak slim; synonyms (adj) slender, narrow, slight, thin, lean, remote, fine, skinny, flimsy, lithe, meager, light, (v) reduce, slenderize, cut; antonyms (adj) fat, heavy, hefty, plump, stocky, wide. zayıflık 1. failing; synonyms (adj) declining, failed, (n) defect, deficiency, fault, blemish, failure, flaw, imperfection, inadequacy, shortcoming, weakness, decline, foible, frailty; antonyms (adj) thriving,

519

flourishing, well, (n) strength, virtue, 2. weakness; synonyms (n) debility, failing, feebleness, fragility, predilection, vice, vulnerability, enervation, lassitude, delicacy, drawback, faintness, impotence, (adj) infirmity, imbecility; antonyms (n) power, dislike, advantage, brightness, determination, intensity, supremacy. zehir poison; synonyms (n) bane, toxin, (v) infect, contaminate, envenom, defile, drug, empoison, taint, intoxicate, canker, corrupt, pollute, (adj) poisonous, toxic; antonym (n) antidote. zehirlemek poison (zehir); synonyms (n) bane, toxin, (v) infect, contaminate, envenom, defile, drug, empoison, taint, intoxicate, canker, corrupt, pollute, (adj) poisonous, toxic; antonym (n) antidote. zehirli toxic; synonyms (adj) poisonous, noxious, venomous, deadly, harmful, virulent, lethal; antonyms (adj) harmless, nontoxic. zeka intelligence (akıl); synonyms (n) information, cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, brain, brains, capacity, comprehension, knowledge, mentality, notice, sharpness; antonyms (n) stupidity, emotion. zeki 1. intelligent (akıllı); synonyms (adj) clever, alert, astute, bright, intellectual, quick-witted, rational, sensible, cunning, brilliant, canny, gifted, knowing, knowledgeable, quick; antonyms (adj) unintelligent, dim, dull-witted, thick, slow, stupid, 2. clever; synonyms (adj) adroit, capable, acute, able, apt, intelligent, smart, expert, ingenious, sharp, skillful, artful, learned, adept, brainy; antonyms (adj) clumsy, dull, inept, 3. smart (açıkgöz); synonyms (adj) crafty, dapper, shrewd, sly, prompt, chic, jaunty, lively, natty, neat, saucy, fine, (v) ache, hurt, (n) pain; antonyms (adj) scruffy, shabby, unkempt, 4. apt (uygun); synonyms (adj) appropriate, apropos, apposite, good, adequate, convenient, dexterous, efficient, fit, ready, deft, disposed, fitting, happy, just; antonym (adj) inappropriate, 5. bright; synonyms (adj) clear, alive, vivid, beaming, light, luminous, lustrous, shining, shiny, sunny, gorgeous, nimble, auspicious, blithe, airy; antonyms (adj) cloudy, dark, dreary, gloomy, overcast, shadowy, leaden, 6. sharp (keskin, sivri); synonyms (adj) bitter, acid, acrid, harsh, incisive, intense, penetrating, piercing, pointed, pungent, severe, caustic, (n) keen, (v) biting, brisk; antonyms (adj) blunt, mild, gentle, rounded, sweet, bland, blurred, naive, round, smooth. zemberek spring (bahar, ilkbahar); synonyms (n) jump, leap, bound, fountain, skip, source, dance, rise, (v) hop, caper, bounce, dive, originate, recoil, (adj) elastic. zemin 1. ground (toprak, yer); synonyms (n) base, cause, land, floor, reason, dirt, field, soil, account,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

520

Turkish - English

country, basis, (v) bottom, found, establish, fix; antonym (n) ceiling, 2. floor (taban); synonyms (n) bed, level, layer, flooring, ground, platform, apron, (v) deck, dump, fell, prostrate, stun, baffle, mystify, (adj) drub; antonym (n) top, 3. background (arka plan); synonyms (n) backdrop, groundwork, setting, context, education, environment, scene, backcloth, panorama, atmosphere, experience, information, preparation, record, scenery. zengin 1. wealthy; synonyms (adj) rich, moneyed, affluent, flush, opulent, prosperous, loaded, substantial, generous, abounding, abundant, ample, monied, successful, thriving; antonyms (adj) poor, impoverished, 2. rich; synonyms (adj) copious, fertile, productive, fruitful, full, deep, fat, luxurious, plentiful, prolific, bright, liberal, heavy, fecund, (v) ornate; antonyms (adj) broke, destitute, light, 3. fertile (bereketli, verimli); synonyms (adj) exuberant, creative, bountiful, inventive, luxuriant, lush, rank, original; antonyms (adj) infertile, sterile.

zenginlik 1. abundance (bereket, bolluk); synonyms (n) wealth, amplitude, exuberance, plenitude, profusion, richness, store, treasure, affluence, breadth, copiousness, enough, fertility, (adj) plenty, riches; antonyms (n) dearth, scarcity, aridity, insufficiency, lack, shortage, 2. wealth; synonyms (n) abundance, opulence, capital, fortune, property, mammon, resources, assets, excess, prosperity, possession, cornucopia, overabundance, (v) money, gold; antonyms (n) poverty, penury, 3. substance; synonyms (n) essence, body, import, material, matter, meaning, significance, subject, amount, core, gist, means, quintessence, implication, spirit; antonym (n) triviality. zerre 1. shadow (gölge); synonyms (n) shade, ghost, tail, trace, darkness, hint, apparition, follower, gloom, phantom, reflection, (v) eclipse, follow, obscure, overshadow, 2. particle; synonyms (n) molecule, grain, speck, bit, fragment, iota, jot, mite, ace, corpuscle, crumb, dot, mote, point, (adj) atom, 3. grain (tane); synonyms (n) corn, berry, cereal, character, grist, kernel, scrap, buckwheat, cast, dash, particle, surface, (v) granulate, (adj) seed, spirit, 4. atom (atom). zevce wife (eş, karı); synonyms (n) matron, missis, partner, spouse, consort, helpmate, lady, woman, mistress, concubine, mother, sweetheart, bride, companion, helpmeet; antonym (n) husband. zevk 1. enjoyment; synonyms (n) delight, pleasure, appreciation, gratification, comfort, amusement, delectation, gusto, happiness, relish, satisfaction, diversion, bliss, ecstasy, entertainment; antonyms (n) boredom, dislike, 2. delight; synonyms (n) joy, rejoicing, gladness, elation, (v) charm, amuse, please, ravish, captivate, cheer, enrapture, gratify,

transport, content, divert; antonyms (n) sorrow, misery, (v) depress, displease, 3. treat; synonyms (v) handle, deal, manage, process, heal, nurse, regale, operate, doctor, (n) feast, administer, delicacy, luxury, tidbit, banquet, 4. fun (eğlence); synonyms (adj) amusing, entertaining, funny, (n) enjoyment, frolic, play, recreation, comedy, humor, jest, merriment, mirth, sport, festivity, (v) banter, 5. taste (tatmak); synonyms (n) bit, flavor, liking, morsel, penchant, appetite, drink, drop, fondness, mouthful, predilection, (v) savor, sample, smack, discernment; antonym (n) tastelessness, 6. pleasure; synonyms (n) contentment, fun, inclination, fruition, pleasance, desire, cheerfulness, glee, mind, rapture, thrill, will, preference, fancy, treat; antonyms (n) anger, irritation, ache, nuisance. zevkli enjoyable; synonyms (adj) delectable, agreeable, amusing, delicious, delightful, pleasant, gratifying, lovely, pleasing, pleasurable, joyful, heavenly, acceptable, charming, comfortable; antonym (adj) unpleasant. zift pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch. ziftlemek pitch (atmak); synonyms (n) degree, dip, slant, slope, (v) fling, cast, chuck, lurch, tilt, toss, heave, hurl, throw, careen, launch. zihin mind (akıl); synonyms (n) intellect, brain, head, inclination, intelligence, psyche, regard, (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, notice, (adj) heed; antonym (v) forget. zihinsel 1. mental; synonyms (adj) intellectual, ideal, psychic, subjective, insane, psychical, psychological, spiritual, genial; antonyms (adj) physical, bodily, 2. intellectual; synonyms (adj) cerebral, mental, rational, learned, academic, cultured, brilliant, clever, intelligent, knowledgeable, (n) intellect, brain, scholar, thinker, mind. zil bell; synonyms (n) chime, gong, ring, buzz, doorbell, alarm, siren, clang, call, buzzer, campana, cymbal, sign, sound, supplement.

zımba 1. stamp (damga, posta pulu, pul); synonyms (n) mark, seal, brand, impression, cachet, emblem, (v) imprint, print, cast, impress, trample, punch, characterize, shape, note, 2. punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust. zımbalamak punch (delgi); synonyms (n) jab, drill, cuff, die, wallop, blow, dig, knock, (v) poke, hit, prick, beat, perforate, stab, thrust. zincir chain; synonyms (n) string, network, tether, rope, cable, band, bond, concatenation, handcuff, line, range, row, run, (v) bind, fetter; antonym (v) release.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English zincirlemek chain (zincir); synonyms (n) string, network, tether, rope, cable, band, bond, concatenation, handcuff, line, range, row, run, (v) bind, fetter; antonym (v) release. zinde fit (uymak); synonyms (v) agree, accommodate, meet, suit, adapt, correspond, square, accord, dress, (adj) decorous, apt, applicable, appropriate, (n) adjust, convulsion; antonyms (adj) unfit, inappropriate, unwell. zıplama 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free, 2. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, go, increase, lunge, plunge, (n) bound, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall. zıplamak 1. bound; synonyms (v) leap, border, bounce, limit, circumscribe, confine, pounce, rebound, (n) spring, jump, boundary, edge, barrier, compass, hop; antonym (adj) free, 2. jump (atlama, atlamak); synonyms (v) dive, hurdle, rise, skip, startle, clear, dance, go, increase, lunge, plunge, (n) bound, start, caper, curvet; antonyms (v) decrease, fall. zira for (çünkü, için); synonyms (prep) because, behind, by, per, during, on, toward, (conj) considering, since, (adv) against, as, therefore, hence. ziraat agriculture; synonyms (n) farming, agribusiness, agronomy, husbandry, tillage, geoponics, agriculturism, culture, defense, education, interior, labor, plough, state, terraculture. zırh 1. armour; synonym (v) armor, 2. mail (posta, postalamak); synonyms (n) communication, correspondence, (v) post, send, remit, habergeon, shield, place, transmit, direct, dispatch, 3. shield (kalkan, korumak, siper); synonyms (n) screen, shelter, buffer, protection, shade, defense, (v) cover, guard, safeguard, preserve, secure, defend, hide, protect, buckler; antonym (v) expose. zırva 1. bull (boğa); synonyms (n) bullshit, bunk, hogwash, rot, absurdity, bear, buck, buncombe, bunkum, cop, copper, crap, fuzz, guff, (adj) blunder, 2. nonsense; synonyms (n) gibberish, balderdash, baloney, drivel, folderol, foolishness, humbug, claptrap, falderal, folly, hooey, jargon, rigmarole, cobblers, (v) stuff; antonym (n) sense. zirve 1. peak (doruk); synonyms (n) crest, maximum, top, acme, apex, crown, pinnacle, climax, extreme, head, height, mountain, prime, summit, tip; antonyms (n) nadir, base, trough, 2. height (doruk, yükseklik); synonyms (n) altitude, culmination, peak, degree, elevation, eminence, grade, high, level, zenith, extent, length, measure,

521

pitch, size; antonym (n) shortness, 3. summit (doruk); synonyms (n) point, vertex, heyday, cover, meeting, 4. top (üst); synonyms (adj) superlative, supreme, (n) surface, brow, covering, lid, (v) best, cap, exceed, outdo, surpass, beat, better, excel, pass; antonyms (adj) worst, (n) bottom, 5. cap; synonyms (n) bonnet, capital, ceiling, detonator, closure, coif, cork, helmet, plug, stopper, uncover, moil, (v) limit, complete, culminate, 6. climax; synonyms (n) orgasm, meridian, extremity, apogee, finish, finale, crisis, end, highlight; antonym (v) dip, 7. head (baş, kafa); synonyms (n) chief, captain, front, boss, foam, froth, chieftain, executive, chair, brain, commander, director, (v) direct, lead, command; antonyms (n) subordinate, (v) follow. zıt 1. opposite (karşıt); synonyms (adj) adverse, contradictory, diametric, different, hostile, opposing, opposed, antagonistic, (adv) counter, (n) contrary, opponent, adversary, contradiction, antonym, (pron) other; antonym (adj) similar, 2. reverse (ters); synonyms (adj) opposite, converse, inverse, (v) annul, repeal, rescind, countermand, overturn, revoke, rear, nullify, cancel, invert, overrule, (n) reversal; antonym (n) front. zıtlık 1. opposition; synonyms (n) contrast, conflict, antithesis, contrary, contrariety, antagonism, enemy, hostility, opponent, opposite, competition, contradiction, antagonist, antipathy, aversion; antonym (n) consent, 2. contrast (kontrast); synonyms (n) comparison, distinction, difference, variation, collation, dissimilarity, divergence, line, (v) differ, oppose, collate, diverge, clash, counterpoint, differentiate; antonym (n) similarity. zıvana 1. bush; synonyms (n) shrub, bushing, wild, chaparral, hedge, jungle, plant, scrub, wilderness, 2. sleeve; synonyms (n) arm, case, liner, cover, cuff, collar, sheath, skin, socket, wristband, gauntlet, glove, mitten, (v) mesh, net. ziyafet 1. feast; synonyms (n) banquet, dinner, entertainment, binge, carousal, celebration, festival, meal, spread, (v) junket, fete, eat, feed, treat, entertain; antonym (v) fast, 2. spread (yaymak); synonyms (v) scatter, reach, disperse, expand, extend, broadcast, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, increase, propagate, stretch, broaden, deploy, (n) span; antonym (adj) concentrated. ziyan 1. harm; synonyms (n) evil, hurt, detriment, bruise, wound, disadvantage, injury, disservice, (v) damage, abuse, blemish, injure, maim, poison, ravage; antonyms (v) enhance, benefit, 2. loss (kayıp, zarar); synonyms (n) defeat, deficit, deprivation, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement, decrease, cost, fall, decrement, impairment, casualty, death, (adj) harm; antonyms (n) appearance, retrieval, victory, gaining, income, recovery, 3. injury; synonyms (n) grievance, ill,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

522

Turkish - English

affront, contusion, lesion, loss, wrong, concussion, mischief, outrage, strain, indignity, defect, cut, (v) crime; antonyms (n) ability, reparation. ziyaret visit; synonyms (n) chat, sojourn, (v) see, frequent, attend, call, tour, view, gossip, haunt, inspect, jaw, impose, inflict, talk. ziyaretçi visitor; synonyms (n) guest, company, tourist, visitant, traveler, inspector, stranger, foreigner, alien, sightseer, arrival, husband, supercargo. zor 1. difficult; synonyms (adj) arduous, awkward, demanding, burdensome, complicated, delicate, fastidious, hard, knotty, uphill, finicky, abstruse, ambitious, cantankerous, complex; antonyms (adj) easy, simple, straightforward, good-natured, rewarding, clear, 2. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 3. constraint (zorlama); synonyms (n) coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation, restriction, coaction, check, condition, control, (adj) reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 4. hard (sert); synonyms (adj) austere, bad, difficult, grave, severe, strong, callous, cruel, grueling, tough, bitter, alcoholic, (adv) firm, (v) acute, (n) rough; antonyms (adj) soft, kind, merciful, soggy, tender, yielding, (adv) gently, lightly, 5. sticky; synonyms (adj) adhesive, clammy, muggy, embarrassing, glutinous, gummy, humid, slimy, gluey, gooey, mucilaginous, pasty, sultry, sweltering, tacky; antonyms (adj) dry, fresh, 6. stiff; synonyms (adj) rigid, formal, inflexible, numb, rigorous, solid, sturdy, buckram, ceremonious, fixed, (adv) tight, (n) stark, cadaver, corpse, body; antonyms (adj) relaxed, flexible, floppy, supple, free, pliable. zoraki forced; synonyms (adj) compulsory, compelled, bound, artificial, constrained, involuntary, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored, obligatory, obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free, unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary. zorbalık violence (şiddet); synonyms (n) rage, fierceness, force, fury, ferocity, intensity, strength, vehemence, impetuosity, might, outrage, power, brutality, storm, heat; antonyms (n) gentleness, peacefulness. zorlama 1. constraint; synonyms (n) coercion, compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, duress, enforcement, limitation, obligation, pressure, restriction, coaction, check, condition, (adj) reserve; antonym (n) incentive, 2. force (güç, kuvvet, zorlamak); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, impulse, (v) drive, coerce, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 3.

violence (şiddet); synonyms (n) rage, fierceness, fury, ferocity, intensity, vehemence, impetuosity, might, outrage, power, brutality, storm, heat, constraint, madness; antonyms (n) gentleness, peacefulness, 4. strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. zorlamak 1. force (güç, kuvvet); synonyms (n) energy, strength, agency, effect, enforce, impetus, (v) drive, coerce, pressure, squeeze, thrust, compel, cram, impel, (adj) constrain; antonyms (n) weakness, persuasion, 2. urge; synonyms (n) goad, spur, impulse, (v) push, advocate, press, force, incite, induce, inspire, instigate, persuade, prompt, promote, (adj) quicken; antonym (v) discourage, 3. press (basın, basmak); synonyms (n) jam, closet, newspaper, (v) crush, crowd, pack, compress, exhort, mash, urge, clasp, hug, pinch, squash, stress, 4. strain; synonyms (n) breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, reach, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. zorlanma strain; synonyms (n) stress, breed, effort, stretch, exertion, race, (v) filter, screen, sift, tax, endeavor, exert, extend, percolate, pull; antonym (v) relax. zorlu 1. formidable; synonyms (adj) arduous, appalling, grim, awful, difficult, dreadful, fearful, forbidding, heavy, dread, onerous, redoubtable, stiff, tough, herculean, 2. violent; synonyms (adj) fierce, rough, tempestuous, intense, raging, severe, turbulent, vehement, sharp, passionate, powerful, savage, stormy, (n) furious, boisterous; antonyms (adj) gentle, peaceful, calm, nonviolent. zorluk difficulty; synonyms (n) hindrance, impediment, trouble, bother, asperity, jam, barrier, difficultness, fix, hardship, inconvenience, obstacle, strait, adversity, disadvantage; antonyms (n) ease, simplicity, advantage, help. zorunlu 1. mandatory; synonyms (adj) compulsory, obligatory, required, necessary, imperative, binding, requisite, (n) mandatary; antonym (adj) optional, 2. compulsory; synonyms (adj) involuntary, mandatory, forcible, essential, unavoidable; antonym (adj) voluntary, 3. forced; synonyms (adj) compelled, bound, artificial, constrained, unnatural, farfetched, false, labored, obliged, strained; antonyms (adj) free, unprovoked, spontaneous, 4. necessary (gerekli); synonyms (adj) important, inevitable, basic, fundamental, indispensable, main, vital, urgent, principal, (n) necessity, demand, need, requirement, want, must; antonyms (adj) unnecessary, surplus, needless, unjustified, 5. urgent (acil); synonyms (adj) pressing, importunate, instant, immediate, quick, earnest, critical, serious, hasty, insistent,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Turkish - English compelling, eager, burning, (v) clamorous, (n) breathless; antonym (adj) trivial. zorunluluk 1. necessity (gereklilik); synonyms (n) demand, need, lack, essential, exigency, compulsion, emergency, constraint, distress, indigence, must, necessary, obligation, requirement, want; antonym (n) option, 2. urgency; synonyms (n) pressure, haste, necessity, hurry, press, insistence, stress, instancy, importance, speed, rush, importunity, essentiality, gravity, indispensability. züğürt broke; synonyms (adj) bankrupt, poor, impecunious, impoverished, insolvent, penniless, bust, destitute, ruined, skint, strapped; antonyms (adj) rich, solvent. zulüm 1. oppression; synonyms (n) injustice, abuse, despotism, tyranny, weight, dictatorship, stress, wrong, severity, violence, compression, (v) hardship, grievance, (adj) autocracy, molestation, 2. cruelty; synonyms (n) brutality, barbarity, cruelness, oppression, ferociousness, ferocity, harshness, mercilessness, ruthlessness, sadism, barbarism, fierceness, heartlessness, inclemency, inhumanity; antonyms (n) compassion, kindness, friendliness, gentleness, 3. outrage; synonyms (n) affront, atrocity, indignity, anger, enormity, injury, contumely, force, crime, (v) insult, dishonor, offend, violate, desecrate, horrify. zümre 1. class (sınıf); synonyms (n) category, group, form, grade, position, arrange, brand, department, kind, (v) sort, place, rank, categorize, classify, order, 2. category (kategori, ulam); synonyms (n) class, denomination, division, type, variety, level, cohort, plight, breed, classification, collection, estate, family, nature, predicament.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

523

525

Index of English Subjects to Turkish Subjects A a see bir (one). abandon see 1. bırakmak (leave), 2. vazgeçmek. abandoned see 1. ahlaksız, 2. terkedilmiş. abbey see manastır. ability see 1. yetenek (capability), 2. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 3. iktidar (power), 4. kabiliyet. able see 1. muktedir, 2. yetenekli, 3. güçlü. abnormal see 1. anormal, 2. olağandışı. abolition see iptal. abortion see 1. düşük, 2. kürtaj. about see 1. hakkında, 2. takriben, 3. yaklaşık, 4. dair, 5. Hakkýnda. above see 1. yukarıda, 2. Üst (top, upper), 3. üstünde (on), 4. üstün. abruptly see birdenbire. absence see 1. yokluk, 2. dalgınlık, 3. eksiklik (deficiency), 4. bulunmayış, 5. gıyap. absent see 1. yok, 2. namevcut, 3. dalgın. absolute see 1. mutlak, 2. saf (clean, pure), 3. tam (accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 4. kesin (definite), 5. salt, 6. katıksız, 7. mükemmel (excellent). absolutely see 1. tamamen (altogether, entirely), 2. kesinlikle, 3. tamamıyla. absorb see 1. emmek, 2. soğurmak, 3. yutmak, 4. çekmek (drag, draw, pull). absorption see 1. emme, 2. soğurma, 3. emilme. abstract see 1. soyut, 2. özet (outline, summary), 3. özetlemek, 4. öz (self), 5. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 6. aşırmak (steal), 7. soyutlamak, 8. teorik (theoretical), 9. çalmak (steal). absurd see 1. saçma, 2. anlamsız, 3. abes, 4. gülünç. abundance see 1. bolluk (plenty), 2. bereket, 3. zenginlik, 4. çokluk. abundant see 1. bol (ample), 2. bereketli (fertile), 3. çok (many, much, very). abuse see 1. küfür, 2. suistimal. academic see 1. akademik, 2. teorik (theoretical), 3. kuramsal (theoretical). academy see akademi. acceleration see 1. ivme, 2. hızlanma.

accent see 1. vurgu (emphasis), 2. aksan, 3. ağız (mouth), 4. şive, 5. vurgulamak (highlight). accept see 1. almak (buy, get, have, receive, take), 2. onaylamak (approve, confirm), 3. anlamak (see, understand), 4. kabullenmek. acceptable see 1. makbul, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). acceptance see 1. kabul (admission, reception), 2. onama. access see 1. giriş (entry, input, introduction), 2. geçit, 3. erişim, 4. erişmek, 5. yol (path, road, route, way). accessible see bulunur. accession see 1. artma, 2. ulaşma, 3. çoğalma, 4. katılım. accident see 1. kaza, 2. tesadüf, 3. rastlantı. accidental see tesadüfi. accidentally see 1. tesadüfen, 2. kazara. accommodate see 1. bağdaştırmak, 2. yerleştirmek. accommodation see uzlaştırma. accord see 1. ahenk (harmony), 2. anlaşma (agreement, deal, understanding), 3. uygunluk, 4. vermek (give, grant), 5. birleşme, 6. uzlaşma, 7. uyum. account see 1. hesap (bill, calculation), 2. açıklama (explanation), 3. önem, 4. değer, 5. sebep. accountable see 1. mesul, 2. sorumlu. accountancy see 1. muhasebecilik, 2. Muhasebe (accounting). accountant see 1. muhasebeci, 2. sayman, 3. muhasip. accounting see muhasebe. accumulation see 1. toplanma, 2. yığma, 3. birikme, 4. birikim, 5. biriktirme. accuracy see 1. doğruluk (truth), 2. ayar, 3. kesinlik (precision), 4. tamlık. accurate see 1. doğru (correct, right, true), 2. tam (absolute, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. kesin (definite). accused see sanık. ace see 1. as, 2. birli, 3. bey (gentleman). achieve see 1. başarmak, 2. kazanmak (win). achievement see 1. başarı (success), 2. başarma. acid see 1. asit, 2. ekşi, 3. LSD. acknowledge see 1. tanımak (know), 2. alındılamak, 3. onaylamak (accept, approve, confirm). acknowledgement see 1. alındı, 2. kabul (acceptance, admission, reception), 3. tanıma (recognition), 4. teşekkür. acoustic see akustik. acquaintance see 1. tanıdık, 2. bildik, 3. bilgi (information, knowledge). acquire see 1. edinmek, 2. kazanmak (win). acquisition see 1. kazanma, 2. Edinme, 3. kazanç (gain, proceeds).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

526

English - Turkish

across see 1. çapraz, 2. çaprazlama, 3. içinden (through), 4. ortasından, 5. Yatay (horizontal, landscape). act see 1. hareket (action, motion, move, movement), 2. davranmak, 3. perde (curtain, screen), 4. kanun (law), 5. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 6. fiil (verb), 7. amel, 8. yapmak (do, fulfil, make, perform), 9. davranış (attitude), 10. yasa (law, statute), 11. oynamak (play), 12. numara (number), 13. edim, 14. etkilemek. acting see 1. yapan, 2. oyunculuk. action see 1. etki (effect, impact, influence), 2. hareket (act, motion, move, movement), 3. iş (affair, deed, job, work), 4. eylem, 5. faaliyet (activity), 6. dava, 7. davranış (attitude), 8. amel, 9. çalışma (work), 10. kuvvet (force, strength), 11. çarpışma (collision). activation see etkinleştirme. active see 1. etkin (effective), 2. hareketli, 3. aktif, 4. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 5. faal. activity see 1. etkinlik, 2. faaliyet, 3. eylem (action). actor see aktör. actress see aktris. actual see 1. gerçek (fact, real, true), 2. asıl, 3. şimdiki, 4. hakiki, 5. asli, 6. fiili, 7. güncel (upto-date). actually see 1. aslında, 2. gerçekten (indeed, really). acute see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. şiddetli (bitter), 3. akut, 4. sivri (sharp), 5. dar (narrow). ad see reklam (advertisement). adapt see 1. uyarlamak, 2. uydurmak. adaptation see 1. uyarlama (version), 2. adaptasyon, 3. intibak. add see 1. eklemek, 2. toplamak (collect, gather, pick, raise), 3. katmak. addiction see tiryakilik. addition see 1. toplama (collection), 2. ekleme, 3. ilave, 4. katma, 5. ek (appendix). additional see 1. ilave, 2. ek (appendix), 3. ekstra. address see 1. adres, 2. söylev (speech), 3. konuşma (speech, talk), 4. nutuk, 5. hitabe. adequate see 1. yeterli, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 3. elverişli. adjacent see bitişik. adjective see 1. önad, 2. sıfat. adjust see 1. ayarlamak (regulate, set), 2. uydurmak, 3. alışmak, 4. alıştırmak, 5. düzeltmek. adjustment see 1. ayar, 2. ayarlama, 3. düzeltme (correction). administration see 1. hükümet (government), 2. yönetim (government, management), 3. idare (management). administrative see idari. administrator see 1. yönetici (director, manager), 2. idareci, 3. vekil, 4. müdür (director, manager), 5. yönetmen, 6. vasi.

admiration see 1. hayranlık, 2. takdir. admission see 1. kabul (acceptance, reception), 2. giriş (access, entry, input, introduction), 3. itiraf. adopt see 1. benimsemek, 2. edinmek (acquire). adoption see benimseme. adult see yetişkin. advance see 1. ilerlemek, 2. avans, 3. ilerleme (advancement), 4. ilerletmek, 5. gelişmek, 6. gelişme. advanced see 1. ileri (forward), 2. gelişmiş, 3. ilerlemiş. advancement see 1. ilerleme (advance), 2. terfi, 3. yükselme. advantage see 1. avantaj, 2. yarar (benefit), 3. üstünlük, 4. çıkar, 5. menfaat, 6. fayda. advent see gelme. adventure see 1. serüven, 2. macera. advertisement see 1. reklam, 2. ilan (announcement), 3. reklâm, 4. duyuru (announcement). advertising see reklamcılık. advice see 1. öğüt (counsel), 2. tavsiye (tip), 3. nasihat, 4. akıl (intelligence, mind). advise see 1. öğütlemek, 2. bildirmek (inform). advised see 1. düşünceli, 2. tedbirli. adviser see 1. danışman, 2. müşavir. aerial see 1. anten, 2. havai. aeroplane see 1. uçak (aircraft, plane), 2. tayyare. aesthetic see estetik. affair see 1. mesele (matter, question), 2. iş (action, deed, job, work), 3. hadise, 4. ilişki (relation), 5. olay (event, fact, incident). affect see 1. dokunmak (touch), 2. etkilemek, 3. taslamak. affected see yapmacık. affection see 1. sevgi (love), 2. düşkünlük, 3. muhabbet. affinity see 1. hısımlık, 2. ilgi (interest, reference), 3. eğilim (inclination, trend), 4. benzerlik (analogy, similarity), 5. akrabalık, 6. yakınlık. afraid see korkmuş. after see 1. sonra (afterwards), 2. arkasından, 3. ardından. afterwards see 1. sonra (after), 2. sonradan. again see 1. yine, 2. tekrar, 3. yeniden, 4. gene, 5. ayrıca. age see 1. yaş, 2. asır (century), 3. çağ (era), 4. yaşlanmak. aged see ihtiyar. agency see 1. acentelik, 2. ajans, 3. aracılık, 4. organ, 5. vasıta, 6. acente. agenda see gündem. agent see 1. acenta, 2. ajan, 3. etken, 4. temsilci (representative), 5. acente, 6. aracı, 7. etmen (factor).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish aggregate see 1. toplam (sum, total), 2. küme (cluster, group), 3. toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick, raise), 4. bütün (all, entire, integral, whole), 5. kümelemek. aggression see 1. saldırı, 2. hücum (assault, attack). aggressive see 1. saldırgan, 2. girişken, 3. kavgacı, 4. atılgan. ago see 1. önce (before), 2. evvel. agony see agoni. agree see 1. anlaşmak, 2. uyuşmak. agreement see 1. anlaşma (accord, deal, understanding), 2. uyuşma, 3. ahenk (accord, harmony), 4. ittifak (alliance). agricultural see tarımsal. agriculture see 1. tarım, 2. çiftçilik, 3. ziraat. ahead see 1. önde, 2. ileri (advanced, forward), 3. ileride, 4. başta. aid see 1. yardımcı (assistant), 2. yardım (assistance, help). aim see 1. hedef (destination, goal, objective, target), 2. amaç (intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 3. gaye, 4. maksat (intention, purpose), 5. erek (end). air see 1. hava (weather), 2. havalandırmak, 3. gökyüzü (sky), 4. nağme, 5. tavır (attitude). aircraft see 1. uçak (aeroplane, plane), 2. uçaklar. airfield see havaalanı (airport). airport see 1. havaalanı, 2. havalimanı. alarm see 1. alarm, 2. korku (apprehension, fear), 3. dehşet. alas see 1. eyvah, 2. tüh. album see albüm. alcohol see alkol. ale see bira (beer). alert see 1. uyarmak (warn), 2. tetik, 3. uyanık, 4. atik, 5. açıkgöz (smart). algorithm see algoritma. alien see yabancı. alike see 1. aynı (same), 2. benzer (analogous, like). alive see 1. canlı (live, lively, living), 2. sağ (right), 3. yaşayan, 4. hayatta, 5. diri, 6. farkında. all see 1. bütün (entire, integral, whole), 2. hepsi, 3. tüm, 4. tümü, 5. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 6. her (each), 7. hep (always), 8. herkes. allegiance see sadakat. alliance see 1. ittifak, 2. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 3. birleşme, 4. uyuşma, 5. dünürlük, 6. birlik (union, unity), 7. akrabalık. allied see 1. müttefik, 2. bağlaşık. allocation see 1. ayırma, 2. ödenek. allow see 1. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 2. bırakmak (leave). allowance see 1. izin (permission, permit), 2. ödenek.

527

ally see 1. dost (friend), 2. birleşmek (join), 3. müttefik (allied), 4. birleştirmek (join), 5. arkadaş (companion, friend). almost see 1. neredeyse, 2. adeta. alone see yalnız. along see boyunca. alongside see yanında. alpha see alfa. already see 1. şimdiden, 2. zaten. also see 1. da, 2. de (too), 3. dahi (too), 4. keza, 5. hem, 6. ayrıca. altar see 1. sunak, 2. mihrap. alter see 1. değiştirmek (change, modify), 2. değişmek, 3. başkalaşmak. alteration see 1. değişiklik (change, modification), 2. değiştirme. alternative see 1. seçenek (option), 2. alternatif, 3. başka (different, else, other), 4. diğer (other), 5. şık (elegant). altogether see 1. tamamen (absolutely, entirely), 2. büsbütün. aluminium see alüminyum. always see 1. daima, 2. hep, 3. boyuna. amateur see amatör. amazement see 1. hayret (wonder), 2. şaşkınlık. amazing see şaşırtıcı. ambassador see 1. büyükelçi, 2. elçi. ambiguity see belirsizlik. ambiguous see 1. belirsiz, 2. muğlak, 3. müphem. ambition see 1. tutku (passion), 2. hırs, 3. ihtiras. ambitious see 1. tutkulu, 2. ihtiraslı, 3. hırslı, 4. istekli. ambulance see 1. ambulans, 2. cankurtaran. amendment see 1. düzeltme (correction), 2. değişiklik (change, modification), 3. ıslah, 4. iyileştirme. ammunition see 1. cephane, 2. mühimmat. amnesty see af (pardon). amount see 1. miktar (quantity), 2. tutar. ample see 1. bol (abundant), 2. büyük (big, grand, great, large, major), 3. geniş (large, wide), 4. yeterli (adequate). amusement see eğlence (fun). amusing see eğlenceli. an see bir (one). anal see anal. analogous see 1. benzer (like), 2. paralel (parallel). analogy see 1. benzerlik (similarity), 2. örnekseme, 3. analoji, 4. benzeşim, 5. karşılaştırma, 6. kıyas. analyse see 1. çözümlemek, 2. incelemek. analysis see 1. analiz, 2. çözümleme, 3. tahlil. analyst see 1. analist, 2. tahlilci. analytical see 1. analitik, 2. çözümsel, 3. çözümlemeli. ancient see eski (former, old).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

528

English - Turkish

and see 1. ve, 2. ile (with). angel see melek. anger see 1. öfke, 2. hiddet, 3. kızgınlık, 4. kızdırmak, 5. öfkelendirmek. angle see 1. açı, 2. çarpıtmak, 3. saptırmak, 4. dirsek (elbow). angry see 1. öfkeli, 2. kızgın, 3. fırtınalı, 4. hiddetli. animal see 1. hayvan (beast), 2. hayvansal. anniversary see yıldönümü. announce see 1. bildirmek (inform), 2. Bildir, 3. duyurmak. announcement see 1. duyuru, 2. ilan (advertisement), 3. bildiri, 4. anons. annual see yıllık. anonymous see 1. anonim, 2. isimsiz, 3. imzasız, 4. adsız. answer see 1. cevap (reply, response), 2. karşılık, 3. yanıt (response), 4. yanıtlamak. anthropology see antropoloji. antibody see antikor. anticipate see 1. ummak (hope), 2. beklemek (expect, wait). anticipation see 1. bekleme (wait), 2. umma. antique see 1. antika, 2. antik. anxiety see 1. endişe, 2. kaygı, 3. bunaltı, 4. heves. anxious see 1. endişeli, 2. kaygılı. any see 1. herhangi, 2. hiç (nothing), 3. biri (somebody). apart see ayrı (distinct, separate). apology see 1. özür (excuse), 2. mazeret, 3. savunma. appalling see korkunç (horrible, terrible). apparatus see 1. aygıt (device), 2. cihaz, 3. alet (implement, instrument, tool). apparent see 1. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 2. ortada. apparently see anlaşılan. appeal see 1. temyiz, 2. çekicilik, 3. yalvarmak. appealing see çekici. appear see 1. görünmek, 2. gözükmek, 3. belirmek. appearance see 1. görünüm (outlook, view), 2. görünüş. appendix see 1. ek, 2. apandis, 3. ilave. appetite see 1. arzu (desire, will, wish), 2. iştah, 3. istek (request). apple see elma. applicable see 1. uygulanabilir, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). applicant see 1. aday (candidate), 2. istekli. application see 1. uygulama, 2. başvuru, 3. talep (claim). apply see 1. uygulamak, 2. Uygula, 3. başvurmak (refer), 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5. sürmek (drive, last). appoint see Atamak.

appointment see 1. atama, 2. randevu, 3. tayin, 4. görev (task), 5. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). appreciate see 1. beğenmek (enjoy, like), 2. değerlenmek, 3. anlamak (see, understand). appreciation see 1. takdir, 2. minnettarlık. apprehension see 1. anlayış, 2. korku (fear), 3. endişe (anxiety), 4. tutuklama, 5. kavrayış, 6. kuruntu. approach see 1. yaklaşmak, 2. yaklaşma, 3. yaklaşım. appropriate see 1. uygun (apt, suitable), 2. ayırmak (divide, reserve, separate, split), 3. has, 4. yerinde. approval see 1. onay, 2. onaylama, 3. onama, 4. tasvip, 5. beğenme. approve see 1. onaylamak (accept, confirm), 2. beğenmek (enjoy, like). approved see onaylı. apt see 1. uygun (appropriate, suitable), 2. eğilimli, 3. yerinde, 4. zeki. aquarium see Akvaryum. arbitrary see keyfi. arc see 1. yay, 2. ark, 3. kavis (curve). arch see kemer (belt). archaeology see arkeoloji. archbishop see başpiskopos. architect see mimar. architectural see mimari (architecture). architecture see 1. mimari, 2. mimarlık. arctic see arktik. are see ar. area see 1. alan (domain, field, range, space), 2. bölge (belt, district, region, zone), 3. saha (field), 4. yüzölçümü. arena see arena. argue see tartışmak. argument see 1. tartışma, 2. münakaşa, 3. delil, 4. iddia (assertion), 5. kanıt (evidence, proof). arise see 1. kalkmak, 2. doğmak, 3. yükselmek (rise). aristocracy see aristokrasi. arm see 1. kol, 2. dal (branch), 3. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 4. otorite. armchair see koltuk (seat). armour see zırh. army see 1. ordu, 2. asker (soldier). around see 1. etrafına, 2. çevrede, 3. etrafında, 4. sularında. arrange see 1. düzenlemek (order, organize), 2. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 3. planlamak, 4. kararlaştırmak, 5. düzeltmek, 6. düzenleme. arrangement see 1. hazırlık (preparation), 2. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 3. aranjman, 4. düzen (order), 5. düzenleme, 6. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 7. ayarlama, 8. tertip.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish array see 1. dizi (series, string), 2. düzen (order), 3. saf (absolute, clean, pure), 4. sıra (order, rank, sequence). arrest see 1. tutuklamak, 2. durdurmak (stop), 3. durdurma, 4. tutuklama. arrival see 1. varış, 2. geliş, 3. gelme, 4. varma. arrive see 1. varmak (get), 2. ulaşmak (reach), 3. gelmek (come), 4. doğmak. arrogant see 1. kibirli, 2. küstah, 3. gururlu (proud). arrow see ok. arse see göt. arsenal see 1. cephanelik, 2. tophane. art see 1. sanat, 2. ustalık, 3. hüner. article see 1. fıkra, 2. madde (item, matter), 3. makale, 4. yazı, 5. eşya. artificial see 1. yapay, 2. yapmacık, 3. suni, 4. yapma, 5. takma, 6. sahte, 7. yalancı. artist see 1. ressam, 2. sanatçı, 3. sanatkâr. artistic see artistik. as see 1. Olarak, 2. gibi, 3. çünkü (for), 4. Türü, 5. kadar. ascent see 1. çıkış (exit), 2. yokuş, 3. yükselme, 4. bayır, 5. rampa, 6. tırmanma. ash see kül. ashore see 1. karaya, 2. karada. aside see ayrı (apart, distinct, separate). ask see 1. sormak, 2. istemek (want), 3. SOR. aspect see 1. görünüş, 2. hal, 3. cephe, 4. çehre (face). assassination see suikast. assault see 1. hücum (aggression, attack), 2. saldırmak (attack), 3. saldırı (aggression), 4. tecavüz. assembly see 1. montaj, 2. çevirme (conversion), 3. toplantı, 4. kongre (congress, convention), 5. içtima, 6. meclis. assertion see 1. iddia, 2. sav (thesis). assessment see 1. vergi (tax), 2. vergilendirme (taxation). asset see mal. assets see 1. servet, 2. Varlıklar, 3. aktif. assignment see 1. görev (task), 2. atama (appointment), 3. devir (period), 4. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). assist see desteklemek (support). assistance see 1. yardım (help), 2. destek (support). assistant see 1. asistan, 2. yardımcı, 3. muavin. association see 1. dernek, 2. kurum, 3. ortaklık, 4. arkadaşlık, 5. birlik (union, unity), 6. birliktelik, 7. çağrışım. assume see 1. varsaymak, 2. üstlenmek. assumption see 1. farz, 2. varsayım, 3. zan. assurance see 1. güvence, 2. sigorta (insurance), 3. söz (word). assure see inandırmak.

529

asthma see astım. astonishing see şaşırtıcı. astonishment see 1. hayret (wonder), 2. şaşkınlık, 3. şaşırma. asylum see 1. barınak, 2. sığınak (refuge), 3. himaye, 4. iltica, 5. koruma (conservation, protection). atmosphere see 1. atmosfer, 2. hava (air, weather), 3. ortam (environment, medium), 4. çevre (environment). atmospheric see atmosferik. atom see 1. atom, 2. zerre. atomic see atomik. attached see 1. bağlı, 2. bitişik (adjacent). attachment see 1. dostluk, 2. ek (appendix), 3. haciz, 4. sevgi (affection, love), 5. ilgi (interest, reference), 6. bağlantı (connection, link), 7. bağlılık. attack see 1. hücum (aggression, assault), 2. saldırmak, 3. kriz (crisis), 4. nöbet, 5. saldırı (aggression), 6. basmak (press). attainment see erişme. attempt see 1. yeltenmek, 2. teşebbüs, 3. kalkışmak, 4. girişim (interference), 5. denemek, 6. deneme (essay, trial), 7. kalkışma, 8. çalışmak (work), 9. yeltenme. attend see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 2. katılmak. attendance see 1. bakım (maintenance), 2. bakma, 3. devam (continuation), 4. ilgilenme. attention see 1. dikkat, 2. ilgi (interest, reference), 3. bakım (maintenance). attitude see 1. tutum, 2. davranış, 3. tavır, 4. duruş, 5. düşünce. attorney see 1. avukat (counsel, lawyer, solicitor), 2. vekil. attract see 1. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2. cezbetmek. attraction see 1. cazibe, 2. çekicilik, 3. çekim. attractive see 1. çekici, 2. alımlı, 3. cazip. auction see mezat. audience see 1. dinleyiciler, 2. seyirciler, 3. izleyiciler. audio see 1. işitsel, 2. ses (sound, tone, voice). audit see 1. denetlemek (check, control), 2. denetim (check, control). aunt see 1. hala, 2. teyze, 3. yenge. authentic see 1. güvenilir, 2. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 3. hakiki, 4. otantik. author see 1. yazar (writer), 2. yaratıcı. authoritative see 1. yetkili, 2. otoriter. authorities see yetkililer. authority see 1. yetki, 2. otorite, 3. yetke, 4. bilirkişi (expert), 5. uzman (expert, specialist), 6. itibar, 7. nüfuz. automatic see 1. otomatik, 2. özdevimli.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

530

English - Turkish

automatically see özdevimli. autonomous see 1. özerk, 2. otonom. autonomy see 1. özerklik, 2. otonomi. autumn see 1. sonbahar (fall), 2. güz. available see 1. mevcut, 2. hazır, 3. kullanılabilir, 4. kullanışlı. avenue see 1. cadde (street), 2. bulvar. average see 1. ortalama (mean), 2. orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 3. avarya, 4. vasati. aviation see havacılık. avoid see 1. kaçınmak, 2. sakınmak. awake see 1. uyanmak, 2. uyandırmak, 3. uyanık, 4. uyanmış. award see 1. hüküm (provision), 2. vermek (give, grant), 3. ödül (reward), 4. hükmetmek, 5. karar (decision). aware see 1. haberdar, 2. bilinçli (conscious), 3. farkında. away see 1. uzakta, 2. uzağa, 3. uzak (distant, far, remote). awful see 1. müthiş, 2. berbat, 3. korkunç (horrible, terrible). awkward see 1. beceriksiz, 2. hantal, 3. kullanışsız, 4. sakar. axe see balta. axis see 1. eksen, 2. mihver.

B baby see bebek (doll, infant). back see 1. geri, 2. sırt, 3. arka, 4. bek, 5. geçmişte, 6. geride, 7. geriye, 8. önce (before), 9. arkadaki. background see 1. artalan, 2. zemin (floor, ground), 3. fon, 4. arkaplan. backing see 1. destek (support), 2. yardım (assistance, help), 3. ciro, 4. destekleme. backwards see geriye. bad see 1. kötü (evil, poor), 2. fena (evil, poor), 3. bozuk (broken). badly see çok (many, much, very). bag see 1. çanta, 2. torba (sack), 3. çuval. bail see 1. kefalet, 2. kefil. baker see 1. ekmekçi, 2. fırıncı. balance see 1. denge (equilibrium, stability), 2. dengelemek, 3. bakiye (remainder), 4. bilanço, 5. balans, 6. düşünmek (think), 7. kalan (remainder), 8. kalıntı, 9. tartmak, 10. terazi. balanced see dengeli. balcony see balkon. bald see 1. kel, 2. yalın, 3. dazlak. ball see 1. top (gun), 2. balo. ballet see bale.

balloon see balon. ban see 1. yasak (forbidden), 2. yasaklamak. band see 1. bant (tape), 2. kayış, 3. şerit, 4. sargı, 5. orkestra (orchestra), 6. grup (bunch, group, set), 7. bando, 8. çete, 9. kuşak (belt, generation). bang see 1. patırtı (noise), 2. patlama (explosion), 3. heyecan, 4. gürültü (noise), 5. çarpmak. bank see 1. banka, 2. küme (cluster, group), 3. banko, 4. kıyı, 5. set (set), 6. yığın (bulk, mass, stack). banker see banker. banking see bankacılık. bankruptcy see iflas. banner see 1. bayrak (flag), 2. pankart. bar see 1. bar, 2. çubuk, 3. kalıp (cast), 4. yasaklamak, 5. engel (barrier), 6. sırık, 7. parmaklık, 8. engellemek, 9. çizgi (line), 10. baro, 11. hariç. bare see 1. çıplak (naked), 2. yalın. barely see ancak (but, hardly, however, only, scarcely). bargain see 1. kelepir, 2. pazarlık, 3. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 4. uyuşma, 5. işlem. barn see ahır. baroque see barok. barrel see 1. fıçı, 2. varil, 3. kovan. barrier see 1. engel, 2. korkuluk, 3. çit (fence), 4. duvar (wall), 5. bariyer. base see 1. taban (floor), 2. alçak (low), 3. temel (basic, elementary, foundation), 4. üs, 5. baz, 6. adi (common), 7. esas, 8. aşağılık, 9. dip (bottom), 10. kaide. basement see bodrum (cellar). basic see 1. temel (base, elementary, foundation), 2. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 3. esas. basically see aslında. basin see 1. havuz (pool), 2. havza, 3. yalak, 4. leğen. basis see 1. esas, 2. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation), 3. kaide, 4. kaynak (origin, resource, source). basket see 1. sepet, 2. sayı (number), 3. küfe, 4. basket. bass see 1. bas, 2. levrek. bastard see piç. bat see yarasa. batch see 1. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 2. parti (lot), 3. toplu, 4. grup (bunch, group, set). bath see 1. banyo (bathroom), 2. yıkanma, 3. yıkanmak, 4. yıkamak (wash). bathroom see 1. banyo (bath), 2. Tuvalet (lavatory, toilet).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish battery see 1. pil, 2. batarya, 3. akü, 4. takım (set, team), 5. akümülatör, 6. dizi (array, series, string), 7. seri (series), 8. dövme. battle see 1. muharebe, 2. savaş, 3. savaşmak. bay see 1. koy, 2. cumba, 3. ulumak, 4. uluma, 5. havlamak, 6. körfez, 7. defne, 8. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section), 9. bölme, 10. havlama. be see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2. bulunmak. beach see 1. plaj, 2. kumsal, 3. sahil (coast, seaside). beam see 1. ışın (ray), 2. kiriş, 3. huzme, 4. direk, 5. parlamak. bear see 1. ayı, 2. taşımak (carry), 3. doğurmak, 4. yönelmek, 5. spekülatör, 6. götürmek, 7. dayanmak, 8. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 9. katlanmak. beard see 1. sakal, 2. püskül. bearing see 1. kerteriz, 2. davranış (attitude), 3. taşıma, 4. yatak (bed), 5. doğurma, 6. ilgi (interest, reference), 7. katlanma. beast see hayvan (animal). beat see 1. dövmek, 2. vuruş (stroke), 3. vurmak (hit), 4. tempo, 5. çırpmak, 6. titreşim, 7. darbe, 8. yenmek, 9. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 10. pataklamak. beaten see dövülmüş. beating see 1. kötek, 2. yenilgi, 3. dövme, 4. dayak. beautiful see 1. güzel (fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 2. latif. beauty see güzellik. become see 1. olmak (get, happen), 2. yakışmak, 3. yaraşmak. becoming see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. yerinde. bed see 1. yatak, 2. tarh, 3. çiçeklik, 4. tabaka, 5. taban (base, floor), 6. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation), 7. yatırmak, 8. karyola. bee see arı (pure). beef see yakınmak. beer see bira. before see 1. önce, 2. önünde, 3. huzurunda, 4. önde, 5. önden, 6. evvel. beforehand see önceden. beg see 1. dilenmek, 2. dilemek. begin see 1. başlamak (start), 2. başlatmak (start). beginning see 1. başlangıç (origin, start), 2. köken (origin), 3. baş (chief, head, master), 4. kaynak (origin, resource, source). behave see davranmak (act). behaviour see 1. davranış (attitude), 2. tavır (attitude). behind see 1. kıç (bottom), 2. arkada, 3. geri (back), 4. gerisinde, 5. arkasında. being see varlık (entity). belief see 1. inanç, 2. iman. believe see 1. inanmak, 2. güvenmek, 3. zannetmek.

531

bell see zil. belly see 1. göbek (core), 2. karın, 3. mide (stomach), 4. şişmek. beloved see sevgili (dear, love). below see 1. aşağıda, 2. aşağı (down), 3. altında, 4. cehennemde, 5. altta. belt see 1. kemer, 2. bölge (district, region, zone), 3. kuşak (generation), 4. kayış. bench see 1. bank, 2. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 3. tezgâh. bend see 1. bükme, 2. eğmek, 3. bükmek, 4. viraj, 5. dönemeç, 6. kıvırma, 7. kıvırmak, 8. eğilmek, 9. dirsek (elbow), 10. bükülmek, 11. eğme, 12. kıvrım. beneath see altında. beneficial see 1. faydalı, 2. hayırlı, 3. kârlı, 4. yararlı. benefit see 1. yarar (advantage), 2. avantaj (advantage), 3. fayda, 4. hak, 5. kâr, 6. kazanç (gain, proceeds), 7. menfaat, 8. yaramak, 9. yararlanmak, 10. çıkar. bent see eğilim (inclination, trend). besides see 1. ayrıca, 2. üstelik, 3. zaten. bet see 1. bahis, 2. iddia (assertion). better see düzeltmek. between see 1. arada, 2. arasında, 3. aralarında. beyond see 1. ötesinde, 2. ötesine, 3. ötede, 4. öteye. bias see 1. önyargı (prejudice), 2. eğilim (inclination, trend), 3. meyil, 4. çapraz, 5. sapma (deviation, drift), 6. verev. bible see İncil. bicycle see bisiklet (cycle). bid see 1. emretmek (order), 2. demek (say), 3. deklarasyon, 4. ihale, 5. söylemek (say, tell), 6. teklif. big see 1. büyük (grand, great, large, major), 2. önemli (important, significant, substantial), 3. iri, 4. kocaman (huge). bike see 1. bisiklet (bicycle, cycle), 2. motosiklet. bile see 1. safra, 2. öd, 3. aksilik, 4. huysuzluk. bill see 1. gaga, 2. hesap (account, calculation), 3. fatura, 4. poliçe (policy), 5. afiş, 6. senet, 7. tahvil, 8. tasarı, 9. ilan (advertisement, announcement). billion see milyar. bin see 1. kutu (box), 2. sele, 3. ambar (store, warehouse). binding see bağlayıcı. binoculars see dürbün. biography see biyografi. biological see biyolojik. biology see biyoloji. biopsy see biyopsi. bird see kuş. birth see 1. doğum, 2. doğuş, 3. soy, 4. doğma, 5. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

532

English - Turkish

biscuit see 1. bisküvi, 2. çörek. bishop see 1. fil (elephant), 2. piskopos. bit see 1. kırıntı, 2. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 3. lokma, 4. gem, 5. bit, 6. matkap (drill), 7. ikil. bitch see 1. orospu, 2. kancık. bite see 1. ısırmak, 2. sokmak, 3. lokma, 4. keskinlik, 5. ısırık, 6. ısırma, 7. dişlemek, 8. acılık, 9. kavramak (grip). bitter see 1. acı (distress, grief, sorrow), 2. keskin (sharp), 3. şiddetli, 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. üzücü. bitterness see 1. acılık, 2. sertlik. bizarre see 1. garip, 2. tuhaf, 3. acayip (peculiar). black see 1. siyah, 2. kara. bladder see 1. mesane, 2. kese. blame see 1. suçlamak, 2. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility), 3. azarlamak, 4. suç (crime), 5. kabahat, 6. kınama, 7. kusur (defect, fault). blank see 1. boş (empty, free, vacant), 2. boşluk (gap, vacuum), 3. yazısız, 4. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. anlamsız (absurd), 6. beyaz (white). blanket see 1. battaniye, 2. örtü, 3. kapsamak (include). blast see 1. bombalamak (bomb), 2. mahvetmek, 3. patlama (explosion), 4. yıkmak. blaze see 1. alev (flame), 2. tutuşmak, 3. ateş (fire), 4. parlamak. bleak see 1. soğuk (cold), 2. kasvetli. blind see 1. kör, 2. anlayışsız, 3. perde (curtain, screen), 4. stor, 5. gizli (confidential, hidden), 6. düşüncesiz. block see 1. blok, 2. tıkamak, 3. engel (barrier), 4. kapamak (close, shut), 5. engellemek, 6. makara. bloke see 1. adam (fellow, guy, man), 2. herif. blood see 1. kan, 2. huy, 3. akrabalık. bloody see kanlı. blow see 1. üflemek, 2. esmek, 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. darbe, 5. hamle, 6. övünme. blue see mavi. blues see hüzün. board see 1. tahta (wood), 2. kereste, 3. pano (panel), 4. binmek, 5. kurul (commission), 6. mukavva, 7. sofra. boat see 1. sandal, 2. kayık, 3. gemi (ship), 4. tekne. bodily see bedensel. body see 1. beden, 2. gövde, 3. vücut, 4. ceset, 5. cisim. bold see 1. atılgan, 2. küstah, 3. koyu (dark), 4. gözüpek, 5. cesur (brave), 6. kalın (thick), 7. kalýn, 8. arsız. bolt see 1. sürgülemek, 2. yıldırım, 3. sürgü, 4. cıvata, 5. kaçış, 6. elemek, 7. top (ball, gun), 8. tıkınmak. bomb see 1. bomba, 2. bombalamak.

bond see 1. bono, 2. bağ (connection, link), 3. tahvil, 4. senet, 5. birleştirmek (join), 6. tutturmak, 7. yapıştırmak (stick), 8. ilişki (relation). bone see 1. kemik, 2. kılçık. bonus see 1. ikramiye, 2. prim (premium). book see 1. kitap, 2. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 3. kaydetmek (record, register), 4. defter (notebook). booking see rezervasyon (reservation). boom see 1. gümbürdemek, 2. gürlemek, 3. seren, 4. bumba, 5. gelişmek. boost see 1. yükseltmek (raise), 2. destek (support). boot see 1. tekmelemek, 2. çizme, 3. bot, 4. kovmak, 5. önyüklemek, 6. potin, 7. tekme, 8. bagaj (luggage). border see 1. kenar (edge, margin, side, verge), 2. sınır (boundary, limit), 3. kenarlýk, 4. hudut. bore see 1. delik (hole), 2. delmek, 3. oymak, 4. oyuk. boredom see sıkıntı. boring see 1. sıkıcı, 2. delme, 3. sondaj. born see doğmuş. boss see 1. patron (governor), 2. amir, 3. işveren, 4. yönetmek. bother see 1. sıkıntı, 2. zahmet. bottle see 1. şişe, 2. şişelemek. bottom see 1. alt, 2. dip, 3. kıç, 4. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation), 5. kaynak (origin, resource, source), 6. popo, 7. Son (end, final, finish, last), 8. tekne. bound see 1. zıplamak, 2. zıplama, 3. sınırlamak (restrict), 4. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 5. sıçrama, 6. mecbur, 7. bağlı, 8. ciltli. boundary see 1. sınır (border, limit), 2. hudut. bourgeois see 1. burjuva, 2. kentsoylu. bourgeoisie see burjuvazi. bow see 1. reverans, 2. yay (arc), 3. pruva, 4. kavis (curve), 5. eğmek, 6. baş (chief, head, master), 7. gökkuşağı, 8. fiyonk. bowl see 1. tas, 2. çanak, 3. kase, 4. yuvarlamak (roll). box see 1. kutu (bin), 2. loca, 3. sandık, 4. yumruklaşmak, 5. televizyon (television), 6. kutulamak. boxing see boks. boy see 1. oğlan, 2. delikanlı (youngster), 3. oğul (son). brain see 1. beyin, 2. akıl (intelligence, mind). branch see 1. dal, 2. dallanmak, 3. şube, 4. kol (arm), 5. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section). brand see 1. dağlamak, 2. damgalamak, 3. marka. brandy see kanyak. brass see 1. pirinç (rice), 2. küstahlık, 3. para (cash, currency, money), 4. cüret.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish brave see 1. cesur, 2. kahraman (hero), 3. yiğit. brazil see Brezilya. breach see 1. yarık, 2. gedik, 3. yarmak (split), 4. uymama, 5. ihlal, 6. çiğneme. bread see 1. ekmek, 2. geçim, 3. para (cash, currency, money). breadth see 1. en (width), 2. genişlik (width). break see 1. mola, 2. fırsat, 3. uymamak, 4. kırmak, 5. kırık, 6. bozmak, 7. kesmek (cut), 8. bozdurmak, 9. kırılmak, 10. çatlak, 11. kopmak, 12. parçalamak, 13. parçalanmak. breakdown see 1. bozulma (corruption), 2. çökme, 3. arıza (fault). breakfast see kahvaltı. breaking see kırılma. breast see 1. göğüs, 2. meme. breath see 1. nefes, 2. soluk, 3. esinti, 4. fısıltı. breathe see 1. solumak, 2. fısıldamak. breed see 1. yavrulamak, 2. cins, 3. doğurmak, 4. soy, 5. yetiştirmek, 6. tür (kind, species, type), 7. nesil, 8. çeşit, 9. üretmek (generate). breeze see 1. esinti, 2. meltem, 3. tartışma (argument). brick see tuğla. bride see gelin. bridge see 1. köprü, 2. briç. brief see 1. kısa (short), 2. özet (abstract, outline, summary), 3. muhtasar, 4. özetlemek. brigade see 1. tugay, 2. ekip. bright see 1. parlak (shiny), 2. aydınlık, 3. zeki. brilliant see 1. parlak (shiny), 2. görkemli (splendid), 3. pırlanta. bring see getirmek (fetch). brisk see 1. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 2. çevik, 3. hareketli. broad see 1. enli, 2. geniş (large, wide), 3. genel (general, public), 4. belli, 5. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 6. kadın (woman). brochure see broşür. broke see 1. meteliksiz, 2. züğürt. broken see 1. bozuk, 2. kırık, 3. kırılmış, 4. parçalanmış, 5. çiğnenmiş. broker see 1. komisyoncu, 2. simsar. bronze see 1. tunç, 2. bronz, 3. bronzlaştırmak. brother see 1. birader, 2. kardeş. brow see 1. alın, 2. kaş, 3. yamaç. brown see 1. kahverengi, 2. esmerleşmek. brush see 1. fırça, 2. fırçalama, 3. fırçalamak. brutal see 1. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough), 2. vahşi, 3. acımasız, 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. şiddetli (bitter). bucket see kova. budget see bütçe. buffer see 1. tampon, 2. arabellek.

533

buffet see 1. büfe, 2. boğuşmak, 3. tokat, 4. yumruk. build see 1. kurmak (found, install), 2. yapı (structure), 3. yaradılış, 4. yapmak (do, fulfil, make, perform). builder see 1. inşaatçı, 2. müteahhit (contractor). building see 1. bina, 2. yapı (structure), 3. inşaat. bulk see 1. yığın (mass, stack), 2. hacim (volume), 3. şişirmek, 4. oylum (volume), 5. şişmek. bull see 1. boğa, 2. aynasız, 3. polis (police), 4. saçma (absurd), 5. zırva. bullet see 1. mermi, 2. kurşun. bulletin see 1. bülten, 2. bildiri. bunch see 1. grup (group, set), 2. salkım, 3. demet, 4. deste (deck), 5. kırışmak, 6. takım (set, team). bundle see 1. deste (deck), 2. bohça. burden see 1. yüklemek (load), 2. yük (load), 3. nakarat, 4. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility). bureau see 1. büro (office), 2. daire (circle), 3. yazıhane. bureaucracy see 1. bürokrasi, 2. kırtasiyecilik. bureaucratic see bürokratik. burglary see hırsızlık (theft). burial see defin. burn see 1. yanmak, 2. yakmak, 3. yanık, 4. tutuşmak. burning see 1. ivedi, 2. yakıcı, 3. yanan. burst see 1. patlama (explosion), 2. patlamak. bus see 1. otobüs, 2. yol (path, road, route, way), 3. bara. bush see 1. çalı, 2. burç (tower), 3. zıvana. business see 1. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 2. ticaret (commerce), 3. mesele (affair, matter, question), 4. işyeri. busy see 1. meşgul, 2. işlek, 3. hareketli, 4. kullanımda, 5. faal. but see 1. ama, 2. ancak (barely, hardly, however, only, scarcely), 3. fakat. butcher see 1. kasap, 2. cani, 3. katletmek, 4. katil, 5. boğazlamak, 6. doğramak. butter see 1. tereyağı, 2. yağcılık. butterfly see kelebek. button see 1. düğme, 2. düğmelemek, 3. buton. buy see 1. almak (accept, get, have, receive, take), 2. inanmak (believe), 3. yutmak. buyer see 1. alıcı (client, customer, receiver), 2. müşteri (client, customer). by see 1. tarafından, 2. yanından, 3. yanında, 4. yakınında, 5. vasıtasıyla, 6. ile (and, with), 7. kadar, 8. yakınından, 9. göre, 10. yoluyla, 11. yakın (near).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

534

English - Turkish

C cab see taksi (taxi). cabin see 1. kulübe (cottage, hut), 2. kamara, 3. kabin. cabinet see 1. dolap, 2. kabine. cable see 1. kablo, 2. palamar, 3. telgraf. cage see 1. kafes, 2. hapishane (jail), 3. hapsetmek. cake see 1. kek, 2. pasta, 3. kalıp (cast), 4. katılaşmak. calcium see kalsiyum. calculate see 1. hesaplamak, 2. planlamak, 3. saymak (count, number), 4. tasarlamak (design). calculation see 1. hesap (account, bill), 2. hesaplama, 3. tahmin (forecast). calendar see takvim. calf see 1. dana, 2. baldır, 3. buzağı. call see 1. çağırmak, 2. çağrı, 3. bağırmak (cry, shout), 4. davet, 5. seslenmek, 6. aramak (search, seek), 7. demek (say), 8. çağırma. calling see meslek. calm see 1. durgunluk, 2. sakin (quiet), 3. durgun, 4. sakinleştirmek, 5. asude, 6. dingin. camera see kamera. camp see 1. kamp, 2. ordugâh. campaign see 1. kampanya, 2. seferberlik. can see 1. hapishane (jail), 2. kutu (bin, box). canal see kanal (channel). cancel see 1. feshetmek, 2. silmek (wipe), 3. kaldırmak (lift, remove), 4. vazgeç, 5. vazgeçmek, 6. Ýptal, 7. bozmak. cancer see kanser. candidate see 1. aday, 2. namzet. candle see mum. canon see 1. kanun (law), 2. kriter (criterion), 3. ölçüt (criterion). canopy see 1. gölgelik, 2. tente, 3. kubbe (dome), 4. örtü, 5. saçak, 6. sayvan. canteen see 1. kantin, 2. matara. canvas see 1. tuval, 2. çadır, 3. kanaviçe, 4. yelken (sail). cap see 1. başlık (heading), 2. kasket, 3. kep, 4. takke, 5. tepe (hill), 6. örtmek (cover), 7. zirve (height, peak, summit). capability see 1. yetenek (ability), 2. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 3. iktidar (power), 4. kabiliyet, 5. kapasite (capacity). capacity see 1. kapasite, 2. sıfat, 3. yetenek (ability, capability). cape see pelerin. capital see 1. başkent, 2. büyük (big, grand, great, large, major), 3. kapital, 4. sermaye, 5. ana (chief,

main, major, master, principal), 6. anamal, 7. baş (chief, head, master). capitalism see kapitalizm. capitalist see kapitalist. captain see 1. kaptan, 2. yüzbaşı, 3. lider (leader), 4. şef, 5. yönetmek. capture see 1. ganimet, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip, trap), 3. zaptetmek, 4. esir. car see 1. araba, 2. otomobil, 3. vagon. caravan see 1. karavan, 2. kervan. carbon see karbon. card see kart. cardboard see 1. karton, 2. mukavva. care see 1. bakım (maintenance), 2. dikkat (attention), 3. hoşlanmak, 4. ilgi (interest, reference), 5. özen. career see kariyer. careful see 1. dikkatli, 2. özenli, 3. titiz, 4. ölçülü, 5. itinalı. careless see 1. ilgisiz (indifferent), 2. dikkatsiz, 3. düşüncesiz. cargo see 1. kargo, 2. yük (load). carpet see halı. carriage see 1. nakliye, 2. vagon, 3. taşıma, 4. duruş, 5. Araba (car), 6. tavır (attitude), 7. şaryo. carrier see 1. taşıyıcı, 2. nakliyeci, 3. portör. carry see 1. nakletmek, 2. taşımak (bear), 3. götürmek, 4. geçirmek, 5. elde, 6. menzil. case see 1. dava, 2. durum (state, status), 3. kasa, 4. sorun (issue, problem), 5. olay (event, fact, incident), 6. mesele (affair, matter, question), 7. vaka, 8. kutulamak, 9. kutu (bin, box), 10. çanta (bag), 11. sandık. cash see 1. para (currency, money), 2. nakit, 3. bozdurmak. cassette see kaset. cast see 1. atmak (pitch, throw), 2. kalıp, 3. fırlatmak, 4. tip (type), 5. oyuncular, 6. dökümcülük, 7. döküm, 8. çeşit, 9. atma, 10. çarpıklık (distortion). casting see 1. döküm, 2. dökme. castle see 1. kale (goal), 2. şato, 3. hisar. casual see tesadüfi. cat see kedi. catalogue see katalog. catch see 1. yakalamak (grip, trap), 2. tutma (hold), 3. yakalama, 4. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 5. av (hunt), 6. vurmak (hit), 7. anlamak (see, understand), 8. yetişmek, 9. takılmak. catching see 1. bulaşıcı, 2. çekici. category see 1. kategori, 2. ulam, 3. sınıf (class), 4. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section), 5. zümre. cathedral see katedral. cattle see 1. sığır, 2. sığırlar.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish cause see 1. neden (why), 2. dava, 3. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 4. sebep, 5. hedef (aim, destination, goal, objective, target), 6. doğurmak, 7. gaye (aim). caution see 1. uyarı (warning), 2. uyarmak (alert, warn), 3. uyarma, 4. kefalet, 5. ihtiyat, 6. dikkat (attention), 7. tedbir. cautious see 1. dikkatli (careful), 2. ihtiyatlı, 3. tedbirli. cave see mağara. cease see 1. durmak (halt, stand, stop), 2. kesmek (cut), 3. durdurmak (stop), 4. bitmek (end, finish). ceiling see tavan. celebrate see kutlamak. celebrated see ünlü (famous). celebration see kutlama. cell see 1. hücre, 2. göze, 3. pil (battery), 4. göz (eye). cellar see 1. bodrum (basement), 2. kiler, 3. mahzen. cellular see 1. hücreli, 2. hücresel. cement see 1. çimento, 2. macun, 3. tutkal, 4. çimentolamak, 5. çiriş, 6. yapıştırmak (stick), 7. zamk. cemetery see 1. mezarlık, 2. kabristan. censorship see sansür. census see sayım. central see 1. merkezi, 2. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 3. santral (exchange). centre see 1. merkez, 2. orta (intermediate, medium, middle). century see 1. yüzyıl, 2. asır. ceremony see 1. tören, 2. resmiyet, 3. merasim, 4. ayin. certain see 1. belirli (definite, specific), 2. emin, 3. kesin (definite), 4. muhakkak, 5. şüphesiz, 6. belli, 7. güvenilir. certainly see 1. elbette, 2. kesinlikle, 3. muhakkak, 4. tabii. certainty see 1. kesinlik (precision), 2. katiyet. certificate see 1. diploma, 2. belge (document), 3. tasdikname, 4. sertifika, 5. belgelemek (document), 6. ruhsat. chain see 1. zincir, 2. zincirlemek. chair see 1. sandalye, 2. iskemle, 3. kürsü. chairman see 1. başkan (president), 2. reis. chalk see tebeşir. chamber see oda (room). champion see 1. şampiyon, 2. savunmak, 3. savunucu, 4. destekleyici, 5. desteklemek (support). championship see şampiyonluk. chance see 1. denemek, 2. tesadüfi, 3. şans, 4. fırsat, 5. ihtimal, 6. olasılık. chancellor see 1. başbakan (premier), 2. rektör. change see 1. değiştirmek (alter, modify), 2. değişiklik (modification), 3. değişim, 4.

535

değişmek, 5. bozukluk (failure, fault), 6. değiştirme, 7. yenilik, 8. değişme. channel see 1. kanal (canal), 2. oluk. chaos see 1. kaos, 2. kargaşa, 3. karışıklık, 4. keşmekeş. chap see 1. adam (fellow, guy, man), 2. arkadaş (companion, friend), 3. ahbap (friend), 4. çatlak, 5. çatlamak, 6. çatlatmak, 7. yarık. chapter see 1. bölüm (department, division, part, section), 2. kısım (section). character see 1. karakter, 2. özellik (characteristic, feature, property), 3. tabiat, 4. kişilik (personality), 5. kahraman (hero), 6. bonservis, 7. huy, 8. damga (seal, stamp), 9. nitelik (quality). characteristic see 1. karakteristik, 2. özellik (feature, property), 3. tipik (typical), 4. vasıf, 5. nitelik (quality). charcoal see karakalem. charge see 1. yüklemek (load), 2. suçlamak (blame), 3. suçlama, 4. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility), 5. talimat (instruction), 6. saldırmak (attack), 7. ücret, 8. masraf, 9. itham, 10. hücum (aggression, assault, attack), 11. görev (task), 12. emir, 13. doldurmak (fill), 14. bakım (maintenance), 15. yük (load), 16. nezaret. charged see yüklü (loaded). charging see yükleme. charitable see 1. yardımsever, 2. hayırsever, 3. şefkatli. charity see 1. sadaka, 2. hayırseverlik, 3. merhamet, 4. yardımseverlik. charm see 1. çekicilik, 2. nazarlık, 3. cezbetmek, 4. büyülemek, 5. büyü, 6. cazibe (attraction), 7. muska. charming see 1. büyüleyici (fascinating), 2. cazibeli, 3. çekici, 4. hoş (pleasant), 5. sevimli. chart see 1. grafik (graph), 2. çizelge (table), 3. çizim (drawing). charter see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2. kiralamak, 3. patent. chase see 1. av (hunt), 2. kovalama, 3. kovalamak, 4. takip. chat see 1. sohbet, 2. hoşbeş. cheap see 1. ucuz, 2. değersiz, 3. ucuza, 4. zahmetsiz, 5. bayağı, 6. adi (common), 7. kalitesiz. check see 1. çek, 2. denetim (control), 3. denetlemek (audit, control), 4. kontrol (control), 5. durdurmak (stop), 6. şah, 7. marka, 8. engel (barrier), 9. fiş. checked see 1. kareli, 2. damalı. cheek see 1. yanak, 2. yüzsüzlük, 3. küstahlık, 4. avurt, 5. arsızlık. cheerful see 1. neşeli, 2. şen, 3. istekli, 4. keyifli. cheese see peynir. chef see şef. chemical see 1. kimyasal, 2. kimyevi.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

536

English - Turkish

chemist see 1. eczacı, 2. kimyager. chemistry see kimya. cheque see çek (check). chest see 1. göğüs (breast), 2. kutu (bin, box), 3. sandık. chicken see 1. tavuk, 2. piliç, 3. korkak. chief see 1. ana (main, major, master, principal), 2. baş (head, master), 3. amir, 4. patron (boss, governor), 5. reis, 6. şef. chiefly see başlıca. child see 1. çocuk (infant, youngster), 2. ürün (crop, product), 3. yavru (young), 4. alt (bottom). childhood see çocukluk. chill see 1. soğuk (bleak, cold), 2. soğukluk, 3. soğutmak, 4. titreme, 5. ürpermek, 6. üşümek, 7. üşütmek. chimney see baca. chin see çene (jaw). chip see 1. yonga, 2. çentmek, 3. yontmak, 4. çentik. chocolate see çikolata. choice see 1. seçim (election, selection), 2. seçkin, 3. tercih, 4. seçme (select, selection), 5. seçenek (alternative, option), 6. kaliteli, 7. şık (elegant). choir see koro. cholesterol see kolesterol. choose see 1. seçmek (pick, select), 2. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 3. istemek (want), 4. yeğlemek. chord see 1. kiriş (beam), 2. tel (wire). chorus see 1. koro (choir), 2. nakarat. chronic see 1. kronik, 2. müzmin, 3. berbat, 4. sürekli (continuous). church see kilise. cigarette see sigara. cinema see sinema. circle see 1. daire, 2. çember, 3. dönge, 4. halka (ring). circuit see 1. devre, 2. çevrim, 3. dolaşma, 4. dolaşmak, 5. devretmek, 6. daire (circle), 7. tur. circular see 1. dolambaçlı, 2. genelge, 3. sirküler, 4. dairesel, 5. yuvarlak (round). circulation see 1. dolaşım, 2. tiraj, 3. tedavül, 4. sirkülasyon, 5. deveran, 6. cereyan, 7. devir (period). circumstance see 1. durum (state, status), 2. ayrıntı (detail), 3. olay (event, fact, incident). citizen see 1. vatandaş, 2. yurttaş. city see 1. şehir (town), 2. kent (town). civil see 1. kibar, 2. medeni, 3. nazik, 4. sivil, 5. uygar. civilian see sivil. civilization see 1. medeniyet, 2. uygarlık. claim see 1. talep, 2. hak, 3. iddia (assertion), 4. istek (request), 5. istemek (want). clarify see açıklamak (explain).

clarity see 1. açıklık, 2. berraklık. clash see 1. çatışma, 2. çatışmak, 3. bindirmek, 4. çarpışmak, 5. çarpışma (collision). class see 1. sınıf, 2. çeşit, 3. ders, 4. sınıflandırmak (sort), 5. tür (kind, species, type), 6. zümre. classic see klasik. classical see klasik (classic). classification see 1. sınıflandırma, 2. sınıflama, 3. tasnif. classified see 1. gizli (confidential, hidden), 2. sınıflandırılmış. classroom see 1. derslik, 2. sınıf (class). clause see 1. madde (item, matter), 2. yantümce, 3. cümlecik, 4. bent, 5. fıkra. clay see 1. kil, 2. çamur (mud), 3. balçık. clean see 1. temiz (clear), 2. temizlemek (clear), 3. saf (absolute, pure), 4. pak, 5. iyice, 6. arıtmak, 7. kusursuz, 8. arı (pure). cleaner see 1. temizlikçi, 2. temizleyici, 3. silgi. clear see 1. berrak, 2. temiz (clean), 3. belirgin, 4. açık (explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. temizlemek (clean), 6. Temizle, 7. net (net), 8. parlak (shiny), 9. anlaşılır, 10. masum (innocent), 11. belli, 12. aşikâr, 13. açmak (open), 14. engelsiz, 15. saf (absolute, clean, pure), 16. aydınlık. clearance see 1. temizleme, 2. yetki (authority). clearing see 1. kliring, 2. takas. clearly see açıkça. clerk see 1. tezgahtar, 2. kâtip, 3. yazman, 4. yazıcı (printer), 5. tezgâhtar. clever see 1. zeki, 2. akıllı (intelligent, wise), 3. becerikli, 4. usta (skilled). client see 1. alıcı (buyer, customer, receiver), 2. müşteri (customer), 3. müvekkil. cliff see 1. uçurum, 2. yar. climate see 1. iklim, 2. hava (air, weather). climax see 1. doruk (height, peak, summit), 2. zirve (height, peak, summit). climb see 1. tırmanmak, 2. çıkmak (exit), 3. tırmanma, 4. yükselmek (rise), 5. tırmanış. clinic see klinik. clinical see klinik (clinic). cloak see 1. gizlemek (hide), 2. pelerin, 3. perde (curtain, screen), 4. saklamak (save, store), 5. bahane (excuse), 6. manto, 7. örtmek (cover). clock see saat (hour, o'clock, time). close see 1. kapamak (shut), 2. kapatmak (shut), 3. Kapat, 4. kapalı (off), 5. cimri, 6. samimi, 7. yakın (near), 8. sonuç (effect, outcome, result), 9. yaklaşmak, 10. yakından, 11. saklı, 12. ketum, 13. bunaltıcı, 14. son (end, final, finish, last), 15. sınırlı. closed see kapalı (off). closing see 1. kapanış, 2. kapatma. closure see 1. kapama, 2. kapanma, 3. kapatma.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish cloth see 1. kumaş, 2. bez, 3. örtü, 4. yelken (sail). clothes see 1. elbise (dress), 2. giysi (costume). clothing see giyim. cloud see 1. bulut, 2. bulutlanmak, 3. bulandırmak. club see 1. kulüp, 2. sinek (fly), 3. dernek (association), 4. sopa. clue see 1. ipucu (hint), 2. anahtar (key, switch). cluster see 1. küme (group), 2. salkım (bunch), 3. demet, 4. tutam, 5. grup (bunch, group, set). coach see 1. antrenör, 2. yetiştirmek. coal see kömür. coalition see 1. koalisyon, 2. birleşme. coarse see 1. kaba (crude, gross, rough), 2. terbiyesiz, 3. adi (common), 4. bayağı, 5. kalın (thick). coast see 1. sahil (seaside), 2. kıyı. coat see 1. palto, 2. ceket (jacket), 3. tabaka, 4. örtü, 5. manto, 6. kat (multiple), 7. kaplamak, 8. post (skin). cocktail see kokteyl. code see 1. kod, 2. kodlamak, 3. şifrelemek, 4. şifre, 5. kanun (law), 6. kural (rule, statute). coffee see kahve. coffin see tabut. coherent see tutarlı. coin see sikke. coincidence see 1. rastlantı, 2. tesadüf. cold see 1. soğuk (bleak), 2. nezle, 3. üşümüş, 4. soğukluk. collaboration see işbirliği. collapse see 1. Daralt, 2. çökmek, 3. çöküş, 4. daraltmak, 5. yıkılma, 6. yıkılmak, 7. çökme (breakdown). collar see 1. yaka, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip, trap), 3. yürütmek, 4. tasma. collect see 1. toplamak (add, gather, pick, raise), 2. biriktirmek, 3. toplanmak, 4. birikmek, 5. toparlamak. collected see toplanmış. collection see 1. koleksiyon, 2. toplama (addition), 3. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 4. derlem, 5. toplanma. collective see 1. ortak (common, joint, mutual, partner), 2. toplu, 3. müşterek. collector see 1. tahsildar, 2. koleksiyoncu, 3. kolektör, 4. toplayıcı. college see 1. fakülte, 2. üniversite (university), 3. kolej, 4. heyet (committee). collision see 1. çarpışma, 2. çatışma. colon see kolon (column). colony see 1. koloni, 2. sömürge. colour see 1. renk, 2. boyamak (paint), 3. boya (paint), 4. renklendirmek, 5. canlılık. coloured see renkli. colourful see renkli.

537

colours see bayrak (banner, flag). column see 1. sütun, 2. kolon (colon), 3. dikeç, 4. direk. combat see çarpışma (collision). combination see 1. bileşim, 2. birleştirme, 3. birlik (union, unity), 4. kombinasyon. combine see 1. birleştirmek (join), 2. birleşmek (join), 3. kartel. combined see birleşik (joint). come see 1. gelmek, 2. ulaşmak (reach). comedy see 1. komedi, 2. güldürü. comfort see 1. avutmak, 2. refah (welfare), 3. konfor, 4. rahatlatmak, 5. rahatlık, 6. huzur (peace), 7. avuntu, 8. teselli, 9. rahat (ease). comfortable see 1. konforlu, 2. rahat (ease), 3. rahatlatıcı, 4. sakin (quiet). comic see 1. komik, 2. gülünç, 3. komedyen, 4. komedi (comedy). coming see 1. geliş, 2. varış, 3. gelen, 4. gelme, 5. yaklaşma, 6. gelecek. command see 1. kumanda, 2. komut, 3. yönetmek, 4. yetki (authority), 5. komuta, 6. emretmek (order), 7. buyruk, 8. emir, 9. buyurmak. commander see 1. komutan, 2. amir, 3. kumandan. comment see 1. Yorum (interpretation), 2. açıklama (explanation). commentary see 1. açıklama (explanation), 2. yorum (comment, interpretation). commerce see 1. ticaret, 2. tecim. commercial see ticari. commission see 1. kurul, 2. komisyon, 3. görev (task), 4. heyet (committee), 5. vazife, 6. atamak, 7. görevlendirmek, 8. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). commit see 1. üstlenmek, 2. işlemek, 3. yapmak (do, fulfil, make, perform). commitment see 1. taahhüt, 2. bağlantı (connection, link), 3. sorumluluk (liability, responsibility), 4. söz (word). committee see 1. heyet, 2. komisyon, 3. komite, 4. kurul (commission). commodity see 1. mal, 2. emtia, 3. eşya. common see 1. ortak (joint, mutual, partner), 2. adi, 3. müşterek, 4. yaygın, 5. genel (general, public), 6. alelade, 7. sıradan, 8. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough), 9. bayağı, 10. bilinen, 11. olağan. commonwealth see ulus (nation). communal see toplumsal (social). communicate see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. bildirmek (inform). communication see 1. iletişim, 2. haberleşme, 3. haber, 4. irtibat, 5. komünikasyon, 6. mesaj (message), 7. bağlantı (connection, link). communism see komünizm. communist see komünist. community see 1. topluluk, 2. cemiyet, 3. toplum.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

538

English - Turkish

compact see 1. sözleşme, 2. sıkı, 3. yoğun (dense), 4. pudralık, 5. özlü, 6. kısa (short). companion see 1. arkadaş (friend), 2. eş (match, wife), 3. yoldaş, 4. ahbap (friend). company see 1. şirket, 2. arkadaşlık, 3. eşlik, 4. misafir (guest). compare see karşılaştırmak. comparison see 1. benzerlik (analogy, similarity), 2. karşılaştırma, 3. mukayese, 4. benzetme, 5. kıyaslama. compartment see 1. kompartıman, 2. bölme, 3. göz (eye). compass see 1. pusula, 2. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 3. pergel, 4. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 5. erim (range), 6. kavramak (grip), 7. menzil, 8. çevre (environment), 9. anlamak (see, understand). compassion see 1. acıma, 2. merhamet, 3. sevecenlik, 4. şefkat. compatible see 1. uyumlu, 2. geçimli, 3. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). compensate see 1. dengelemek (balance), 2. eşitlemek, 3. karşılamak. compensation see 1. bedel, 2. telafi, 3. tazminat, 4. tazmin, 5. karşılama, 6. maaş (pay, salary, wage). compete see yarışmak. competence see 1. yetenek (ability, capability), 2. yetki (authority), 3. ehliyet. competent see 1. ehil, 2. yetkili (authoritative), 3. yetenekli. competition see 1. rekabet, 2. yarışma, 3. çekişme (contention). competitor see 1. rakip, 2. yarışçı, 3. yarışmacı. complain see yakınmak. complaint see 1. şikâyet, 2. yakınma, 3. dert, 4. hastalık. complete see 1. bitirmek (end), 2. eksiksiz (perfect), 3. tam (absolute, accurate, exact, exactly, precise, very), 4. tamamlamak, 5. tamam (done). completely see tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely). completion see 1. tamamlama, 2. bitirme. complex see 1. kompleks, 2. karmaşık. complexity see 1. güçlük, 2. karmaşa, 3. karmaşıklık. compliance see 1. itaat, 2. uyma, 3. rıza. complicated see 1. karışık (mixed), 2. çapraşık, 3. karmaşık. comply see uymak (fit). component see 1. bileşen, 2. parça (item, part, piece, portion, segment), 3. eleman, 4. öğe, 5. tamamlayıcı. composer see 1. besteci, 2. kompozitör. composite see 1. karma (mixed), 2. bileşik. composition see 1. tertip, 2. beste, 3. bileşim, 4. kompozisyon, 5. nitelik (quality), 6. dizgi, 7.

derleme, 8. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding). compound see 1. birleştirmek (join), 2. bileşik. comprehension see 1. anlayış (apprehension), 2. kavrama, 3. anlama, 4. idrak, 5. kapsam (scope). comprehensive see 1. geniş (large, wide), 2. kapsamlı, 3. etraflı. compression see 1. sıkıştırma, 2. bastırma, 3. kompresyon, 4. özetleme, 5. tazyik, 6. basınç (pressure). compromise see uzlaşma. compulsory see 1. zorunlu (mandatory), 2. mecburi. computer see bilgisayar. conceal see 1. saklamak (save, store), 2. gizlemek (hide). concentration see 1. konsantrasyon, 2. toplama (addition, collection), 3. toplanma, 4. yoğunlaşma, 5. yoğunluk (density, intensity). concept see 1. kavram, 2. görüş (sight), 3. mefhum, 4. fikir (conception, idea, opinion). conception see 1. fikir (idea, opinion), 2. anlayış (apprehension), 3. düşünce, 4. görüş (sight), 5. kavram. conceptual see kavramsal. concern see 1. şirket, 2. ilgilendirmek, 3. endişelendirmek, 4. tasa, 5. merak (curiosity), 6. kaygı, 7. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 8. etkilemek, 9. endişe (anxiety), 10. ilgi (interest, reference). concerned see 1. ilgili, 2. endişeli, 3. meşgul (busy), 4. alakadar. concert see 1. konser, 2. uyum. concession see 1. imtiyaz (franchise), 2. ödün, 3. ruhsat, 4. taviz, 5. kabul (acceptance, admission, reception), 6. izin (permission, permit), 7. ayrıcalık (privilege), 8. teslim (delivery). conclude see 1. bitirmek (complete, end), 2. bitmek (end, finish). conclusion see 1. karar (decision), 2. son (end, final, finish, last), 3. sonuç (effect, outcome, result), 4. kanı, 5. netice. concrete see 1. somut, 2. beton. condition see 1. durum (state, status), 2. koşul, 3. hal, 4. kondisyon, 5. şart. conditional see koşullu. conduct see 1. davranış (attitude), 2. yönetmek, 3. idare (management), 4. iletmek, 5. davranmak (act), 6. yönetme, 7. geçirmek, 8. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement). conductor see 1. kondüktör, 2. iletken, 3. idareci. confederation see 1. konfederasyon, 2. birlik (union, unity). conference see 1. konferans, 2. görüşme. confession see 1. itiraf, 2. ikrar. confidence see 1. güven (faith, reliance), 2. itimat (reliance), 3. sır, 4. sırdaşlık.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish confident see emin. confidential see 1. gizli (hidden), 2. güvenilir. configuration see 1. biçim (form, format, shape), 2. gruplaşma, 3. konfigürasyon. confirm see 1. doğrulamak, 2. onaylamak (accept, approve). confirmation see 1. doğrulama, 2. onay (approval), 3. teyit, 4. kanıt (evidence, proof). confirmed see müzmin. conflict see 1. anlaşmazlık, 2. çarpışma (collision), 3. çatışma, 4. mücadele, 5. savaş (battle), 6. bağdaşmamak, 7. çekişme (contention), 8. çekişmek. conform see uymak (fit). confront see 1. yüzleştirmek, 2. karşılaştırmak. confusion see 1. kargaşa, 2. karışıklık. congratulations see tebrikler. congregation see cemaat. congress see 1. Kongre (convention), 2. toplantı. connected see 1. bağlı, 2. ilgili. connection see 1. bağlantı (link), 2. bağ (bond, link), 3. aktarma (transfer), 4. ilişki (relation). conquest see 1. fetih, 2. zafer (victory), 3. zapt. conscience see vicdan. conscious see 1. bilinçli, 2. kasti, 3. uyanık. consciousness see 1. bilinç, 2. idrak, 3. şuur. consecutive see ardışık. consent see 1. rıza, 2. izin (permission, permit). consequence see 1. sonuç (effect, outcome, result), 2. önem. consequent see 1. izleyen, 2. bağlı. conservation see 1. koruma (protection), 2. muhafaza. conservative see 1. muhafazakâr, 2. tutucu. consider see saymak (count, number). considerable see önemli (important, significant, substantial). consideration see 1. düşünce, 2. saygı, 3. karşılık, 4. bedel, 5. önem. consist see dayanmak. consistency see 1. tutarlılık, 2. yoğunluk (density, intensity), 3. kıvam, 4. koyuluk, 5. uyum. consistent see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. tutarlı, 3. sürekli (continuous), 4. istikrarlı. consolation see 1. avuntu, 2. teselli, 3. avunma. consolidation see 1. sağlamlaştırma, 2. takviye. consortium see konsorsiyum. conspiracy see komplo. constant see 1. sabit (fixed), 2. değişmez (fixed), 3. sadık, 4. sürekli (continuous), 5. vefalı. constituent see 1. bileşen (component), 2. öğe, 3. seçmen. constitute see 1. atamak, 2. oluşturmak, 3. kurmak (build, found, install).

539

constitution see 1. anayasa, 2. bünye (structure), 3. tüzük, 4. yapı (structure), 5. yaradılış. constitutional see 1. anayasal, 2. yapısal. constraint see 1. zorlama, 2. baskı, 3. zor (difficult), 4. kısıt, 5. kısıtlama. construct see kurmak (build, found, install). construction see 1. yapı (structure), 2. bina (building), 3. inşa, 4. inşaat, 5. anlam (meaning, sense, significance). constructive see 1. yapıcı, 2. yapısal. consult see 1. başvurmak (refer), 2. danışmak, 3. görüşmek. consultation see 1. konsültasyon, 2. danışma. consumer see tüketici. consumption see tüketim. contact see 1. temas, 2. dokunma (touch), 3. görüşmek, 4. portör, 5. irtibat, 6. ilişki (relation), 7. dokunmak (touch), 8. bağlantı (connection, link), 9. değme. contain see kapsamak (include). container see 1. kap, 2. konteyner. contamination see 1. kirlenme, 2. pislik, 3. bulaştırma. contemplate see tasarlamak (design). contemporary see 1. Modern (modern), 2. çağdaş, 3. akran, 4. güncel (up-to-date). contempt see 1. ayıp (shame), 2. küçümseme, 3. saygısızlık. content see 1. içerik, 2. hoşnut, 3. memnun (glad, happy), 4. hoşnutluk, 5. mutlu (happy), 6. tatmin (satisfaction). contention see 1. çekişme, 2. iddia (assertion), 3. tartışma (argument), 4. sav (thesis), 5. mücadele. contents see içindekiler. contest see 1. yarışmak, 2. çekişmek, 3. yarışma, 4. çekişme (contention), 5. iddia (assertion), 6. mücadele, 7. tartışma (argument). context see bağlam. continent see 1. kıta, 2. anakara, 3. ölçülü. continental see kıtasal. continual see 1. sürekli (continuous), 2. devamlı. continuation see 1. devam, 2. sürme, 3. uzatma (extension), 4. temdit, 5. sürdürme. continue see 1. sürdürmek, 2. kalmak (stay), 3. sürmek (drive, last), 4. Devam (continuation), 5. ertelemek, 6. uzatmak (extend, reach). continuity see 1. süreklilik, 2. devamlılık. continuous see 1. sürekli, 2. devamlı, 3. aralıksız. contract see 1. sözleşme, 2. kontrat, 3. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 4. daraltmak, 5. kasılmak, 6. kısaltmak, 7. mukavele. contraction see büzülme. contractor see 1. müteahhit, 2. yüklenici. contradiction see 1. yalanlama, 2. aykırılık, 3. çelişki, 4. tezat.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

540

English - Turkish

contradictory see aykırı. contrary see 1. karşı, 2. karşıt (opposite), 3. aksi, 4. ters (reverse). contrast see 1. kontrast, 2. karşıtlık, 3. tezat, 4. zıtlık, 5. çelişmek, 6. fark (difference). contribution see 1. yazı, 2. yardım (assistance, help), 3. katkı, 4. makale, 5. bağış. control see 1. denetim (check), 2. denetlemek (audit, check), 3. kontrol, 4. idare (management), 5. kumanda (command). controller see 1. denetleyici, 2. kontrolör. controversy see 1. tartışma (argument), 2. ihtilaf. convenience see 1. uygunluk, 2. elverişlilik, 3. kolaylık (facility). convenient see 1. elverişli, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 3. müsait, 4. kullanışlı, 5. yakın (near). convention see 1. kongre (congress), 2. kural (rule, statute), 3. toplantı. conventional see 1. geleneksel (traditional), 2. basmakalıp, 3. konvansiyonel. conversation see 1. konuşma (speech, talk), 2. sohbet (chat), 3. söyleşi. conversion see 1. çevirme, 2. dönüştürme, 3. değiştirme, 4. değişme, 5. dönüşme. convert see 1. dönüştürmek (transform), 2. değiştirmek (alter, change, modify), 3. dönme (rotation), 4. çevirmek, 5. değişmek, 6. dönüşmek. convey see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. götürmek, 3. taşımak (bear, carry). conviction see 1. kanaat, 2. inanç (belief), 3. mahkumiyet. convoy see konvoy. cook see 1. aşçı, 2. pişirmek, 3. pişmek. cooker see 1. ocak, 2. fırın (oven). cool see 1. serinlik, 2. serin, 3. serinlemek, 4. serinletmek, 5. soğutmak, 6. soğumak, 7. soğukkanlılık, 8. küstah, 9. soğukkanlı, 10. soğuk (bleak, cold). cooper see fıçıcı. cooperation see 1. destek (support), 2. işbirliği, 3. yardım (assistance, help). cooperative see kooperatif. copper see 1. bakır, 2. polis (police). copy see 1. kopya, 2. Kopyala, 3. kopyalamak, 4. nüsha, 5. suret. cord see 1. kordon, 2. sicim (string), 3. şerit, 4. ip (rope, string), 5. kablo (cable), 6. fitil. core see 1. göbek (belly), 2. çekirdek (nucleus), 3. öz (self), 4. dolgu. corn see 1. mısır, 2. tahıl, 3. buğday (wheat), 4. nasır. corner see köşe. coronary see koroner. corporate see tüzel.

corporation see 1. kurum, 2. şirket. corps see 1. heyet (committee), 2. kolordu, 3. topluluk (community). corpse see 1. ölü (dead), 2. ceset, 3. kadavra. corpus see külliyat. correct see 1. doğru (accurate, right, true), 2. düzeltmek. correction see 1. düzeltme, 2. cezalandırma, 3. ceza (punishment). correlation see 1. ilinti, 2. korelasyon, 3. bağıntı. correspondence see 1. yazışma, 2. uygunluk, 3. mektuplaşma. correspondent see muhabir (reporter). corresponding see 1. ilişkin, 2. mektuplaşan, 3. uyan. corridor see 1. koridor, 2. geçit, 3. dehliz. corruption see 1. bozulma (breakdown), 2. rüşvetçilik, 3. yozlaştırma, 4. fesat, 5. ahlaksızlık, 6. rüşvet. cost see 1. fiyat (price), 2. masraf, 3. maliyet, 4. zarar (loss). costly see 1. değerli, 2. pahalı. costume see 1. giysi, 2. kostüm, 3. elbise (clothes, dress), 4. kıyafet. cosy see rahat (ease). cottage see kulübe (cabin, hut). cotton see 1. pamuk, 2. anlaşmak, 3. pamuklu. council see 1. meclis, 2. konsey, 3. kurul (commission), 4. divan. counsel see 1. avukat (attorney, lawyer, solicitor), 2. öğüt (advice), 3. danışma, 4. düşünce, 5. nasihat, 6. tavsiye (tip). count see 1. saymak (number), 2. sayı (number), 3. kont, 4. sayma. counter see 1. sayaç, 2. karşı. countless see sayısız. country see 1. ülke, 2. taşra, 3. kırsal, 4. ulus (nation), 5. yurt, 6. vatan, 7. millet, 8. memleket, 9. kır, 10. arazi, 11. sayfiye. county see kontluk. couple see 1. çift (double, dual, even, pair), 2. çiftleşmek, 3. birleştirmek (join), 4. bağlamak (link, tie). coupon see kupon. courage see 1. cesaret, 2. yüreklilik. course see 1. yön (direction), 2. tabak (plate), 3. akış (flow), 4. dizi (array, series, string), 5. rota (route), 6. yol (path, road, route, way), 7. cereyan, 8. gidişat, 9. seyir. court see 1. avlu (courtyard, yard), 2. mahkeme (tribunal), 3. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 4. saray (palace). courtesy see 1. nezaket, 2. incelik, 3. kibarlık. courtyard see avlu (court, yard). cousin see 1. kuzen, 2. kuzin.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish covenant see 1. sözleşme, 2. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding), 3. mukavele. cover see 1. örtmek, 2. sığınak (refuge), 3. kapak (lid), 4. örtü, 5. kaplamak, 6. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 7. yetmek, 8. zarf (envelope), 9. kapsamak (include), 10. kapamak (close, shut), 11. içermek (include), 12. bahane (excuse), 13. kılıf, 14. kapatmak (close, shut). covered see 1. kapalı (off), 2. örtülü. covering see 1. örtü, 2. tabaka, 3. kaplama, 4. kat (multiple). cow see 1. inek, 2. yıldırmak, 3. korkutmak, 4. sindirmek. crack see 1. çatlatmak, 2. çatlamak, 3. çatlak, 4. çatırtı, 5. deneme (essay, trial), 6. yarılmak, 7. çatallaşmak. craft see 1. gemi (ship), 2. hile, 3. hüner, 4. sanat (art), 5. uçak (aeroplane, aircraft, plane), 6. zanaat. crash see 1. iflas (bankruptcy), 2. parçalanmak, 3. parçalanma, 4. kaza (accident), 5. çökme (breakdown), 6. düşmek (fall), 7. gürültü (noise). crazy see 1. deli, 2. çılgın, 3. salak, 4. çatlak. cream see 1. kaymak, 2. krema, 3. öz (self), 4. krem. create see 1. yaratmak, 2. atamak. creation see 1. evren (universe), 2. kreasyon, 3. yaradılış. creature see yaratık. credit see 1. kredi, 2. itibar. creditor see alacaklı. creed see 1. itikat, 2. inanç (belief). crest see 1. doruk (height, peak, summit), 2. tepe (hill), 3. ibik, 4. taç. crew see 1. mürettebat, 2. tayfa, 3. ekip. cricket see kriket. crime see suç. criminal see suçlu (guilty). crisis see 1. kriz (attack), 2. buhran, 3. bunalım (depression). criterion see 1. ölçüt, 2. kriter, 3. kıstas. critical see 1. kritik, 2. tehlikeli (dangerous, hazardous), 3. ciddi (serious), 4. eleştirici. criticism see 1. eleştiri, 2. kınama, 3. tenkit. crop see 1. ürün (product), 2. mahsul, 3. ekin, 4. kırpmak, 5. kursak, 6. kesmek (cut), 7. ekmek (bread), 8. otlamak. cross see 1. haç, 2. aksi, 3. kızgın (angry), 4. öfkeli (angry), 5. melezlemek, 6. ters (reverse), 7. kesişmek, 8. engellemek, 9. dert, 10. çarmıh, 11. çapraz, 12. huysuz, 13. geçmek (pass). crossing see geçit. crowd see 1. doldurmak (fill), 2. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 3. toplanmak, 4. sıkıştırmak, 5. kalabalık, 6. doluşmak, 7. topluluk (community), 8. izdiham. crowded see kalabalık.

541

crown see 1. tepe (hill), 2. taç. crucial see kritik (critical). crude see 1. kaba (coarse, gross, rough), 2. ham (raw), 3. işlenmemiş. cruel see 1. gaddar, 2. acımasız, 3. zalim. cruelty see 1. zulüm, 2. işkence, 3. gaddarlık. crust see kabuk (shell, skin). cry see 1. ağlamak, 2. feryat, 3. bağırmak (call, shout), 4. ağlama, 5. çığlık, 6. haykırış, 7. ses (sound, tone, voice), 8. yalvarma, 9. seslenmek, 10. haykırmak, 11. nara, 12. nida. crystal see kristal. cult see 1. mezhep, 2. merak (curiosity), 3. tapınma. cultural see 1. kültürel, 2. ekinsel. culture see 1. kültür, 2. yetiştirme. cumulative see 1. birikimli, 2. birikmiş. cup see 1. fincan, 2. kupa. cupboard see 1. dolap (cabinet), 2. büfe (buffet), 3. yüklük. cure see 1. çare, 2. ilaç (drug, remedy), 3. iyileştirmek, 4. şifa, 5. tedavi (treatment), 6. kür. curiosity see 1. merak, 2. antika (antique). curious see 1. acayip (peculiar), 2. meraklı, 3. tuhaf, 4. garip. currency see para (cash, money). current see 1. cari, 2. geçerli (valid), 3. akım (stream), 4. şimdiki, 5. güncel (up-to-date), 6. yürürlükteki, 7. bugünkü, 8. akıntı, 9. geçer, 10. cereyan. currently see halen. curtain see perde (screen). curve see 1. eğri, 2. kavis, 3. dönemeç, 4. eğilmek, 5. bükülmek, 6. bükmek, 7. kıvrım, 8. viraj, 9. eğmek. custom see 1. gelenek, 2. özel (particular, private, special), 3. töre, 4. alışkanlık, 5. görenek, 6. adet, 7. âdet. customary see 1. alışılmış, 2. geleneksel (conventional, traditional). customer see 1. müşteri (client), 2. alıcı (buyer, client, receiver). customs see gümrük. cut see 1. kesmek, 2. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 3. incitmek, 4. indirim, 5. Kes, 6. Kesik, 7. kesinti, 8. kesme, 9. klişe, 10. yarık, 11. dilimlemek, 12. dilim (slice), 13. pay (share). cutting see 1. kesici, 2. kupür, 3. kesim (sector, segment), 4. keskin (bitter, sharp), 5. kesme. cycle see 1. bisiklet (bicycle), 2. çevrim (circuit), 3. devir (period), 4. motosiklet. cylinder see silindir.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

542

English - Turkish

D dad see 1. baba (father), 2. babacığım. daddy see baba (dad, father). daft see 1. deli (crazy), 2. kaçık. daily see 1. günlük (journal), 2. gündelik. dairy see 1. süthane, 2. mandıra. dale see vadi (valley). damage see 1. hasar, 2. zarar (loss). damages see tazminat. dame see 1. kadın (woman), 2. karı (wife). damp see 1. nem, 2. rutubetli, 3. nemli (moist), 4. rutubet. dance see 1. dans, 2. balo, 3. oynamak (play), 4. oynatmak, 5. oyun (game). danger see tehlike (hazard). dangerous see tehlikeli (hazardous). dare see kalkışmak. dark see 1. koyu, 2. karanlık, 3. gizli (confidential, hidden). darkness see 1. karanlık, 2. Koyuluk. darling see 1. sevgili (beloved, dear, love), 2. sevgilim. data see 1. veri, 2. veriler, 3. bilgi (information, knowledge), 4. Data. date see 1. tarih (history), 2. hurma, 3. randevu (appointment), 4. zaman (time), 5. buluşma. dawn see 1. tan, 2. şafak, 3. aydınlanmak. day see 1. gün, 2. gündüz, 3. zaman (time). daylight see 1. aydınlık, 2. gündüz (day). daytime see gündüz (day). dead see 1. ölü, 2. ölmüş, 3. cansız, 4. donuk, 5. bozuk (broken), 6. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 8. gerilimsiz. deadly see 1. öldürücü, 2. çok (many, much, very). deaf see sağır. deal see 1. anlaşma (accord, agreement, understanding), 2. miktar (amount, quantity), 3. pazarlık, 4. muamele, 5. ilgilenmek, 6. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). dealer see 1. satıcı, 2. tüccar. dealing see 1. muamele, 2. alışveriş, 3. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). dean see dekan. dear see 1. sevgili (beloved, love), 2. aziz, 3. pahalı, 4. değerli. death see 1. ölüm, 2. ölme, 3. yıkım (disaster). debate see 1. tartışma (argument), 2. müzakere, 3. tartışmak, 4. görüşme. debris see 1. enkaz, 2. yıkıntı.

debt see borç. debtor see borçlu. decay see 1. çürüme, 2. çürümek, 3. bozulmak, 4. bozulma (breakdown, corruption), 5. bozmak, 6. çürütmek. decent see 1. nazik, 2. terbiyeli, 3. iyi (fine, good, okay, well), 4. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). deception see 1. aldanma, 2. aldatma, 3. hile, 4. kandırma. decide see kararlaştırmak. decided see 1. kararlı, 2. kesin (definite). decision see 1. karar, 2. hüküm (provision), 3. kararlılık. decisive see 1. kararlı, 2. kesin (definite), 3. azimli. deck see 1. deste, 2. güverte, 3. süslemek, 4. donatmak. declaration see 1. bildirim, 2. demeç, 3. ifade (expression), 4. beyan, 5. beyanname, 6. bildiri, 7. deklarasyon. declare see bildirmek (inform). decline see 1. azalmak, 2. çöküş, 3. düşmek (fall). decoration see 1. dekorasyon, 2. süsleme, 3. süs, 4. nişan, 5. madalya. decorative see 1. dekoratif, 2. süsleyici. decrease see 1. azaltmak, 2. azalmak, 3. küçülme, 4. eksiltmek, 5. küçülmek, 6. eksilme, 7. düşüş, 8. azalma, 9. eksilmek. decree see 1. buyurmak, 2. emretmek (order), 3. karar (decision), 4. kararname, 5. emir, 6. hüküm (provision). dedication see 1. ithaf, 2. adama. deed see 1. iş (action, affair, job, work), 2. eylem (action), 3. fiil (verb), 4. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 5. senet, 6. tapu, 7. belge (document). deep see 1. derin, 2. anlaşılmaz, 3. koyu (dark). deer see 1. geyik, 2. karaca. default see 1. temerrüt, 2. varsayılan, 3. varsayýlan. defeat see 1. bozgun, 2. yenilgi, 3. yenmek, 4. mağlubiyet. defect see 1. kusur (fault), 2. eksiklik (deficiency), 3. sakatlık, 4. hata (error, fault), 5. arıza (fault), 6. bozukluk (failure, fault). defective see 1. kusurlu, 2. bozuk (broken), 3. eksik (missing), 4. sakat, 5. arızalı. defence see savunma. defend see 1. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 2. savunmak. defendant see 1. davalı, 2. sanık. defender see savunucu. defensive see savunan. deficiency see 1. eksiklik, 2. yetersizlik (disability), 3. kusur (defect, fault), 4. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. noksan. deficit see açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish define see tanımlamak. definite see 1. belirli (specific), 2. kesin. definitely see kesinlikle. definition see 1. tanım (description), 2. tanımlama. definitive see kesin (definite). degree see 1. derece (grade), 2. rütbe. delay see 1. gecikme, 2. geciktirmek, 3. ertelemek, 4. gecikmek, 5. alıkoymak, 6. geciktirme. delegation see delegasyon. deliberate see 1. düşünmek (think), 2. tartmak, 3. kasti, 4. ağır (heavy, serious), 5. kasıtlı. deliberately see kasten. delicate see 1. nazik, 2. hassas, 3. ince (fine, thin), 4. narin. delicious see 1. lezzetli, 2. nefis, 3. hoş (pleasant), 4. leziz. delight see 1. haz, 2. sevinç (joy), 3. sevindirmek, 4. zevk, 5. keyif. delightful see hoş (pleasant). deliver see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. vermek (give, grant), 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. doğurtmak. delivery see 1. teslim, 2. doğum (birth), 3. verim (efficiency, yield). demand see 1. talep (claim), 2. istemek (want), 3. istek (request), 4. rağbet, 5. istem. demise see 1. ölüm (death), 2. vefat. democracy see demokrasi. democrat see demokrat. democratic see demokratik. demolition see tahrip. demonstration see 1. gösteri (show), 2. gösterme. denial see 1. yalanlama, 2. yadsıma, 3. tekzip. dense see 1. yoğun, 2. koyu (dark), 3. sık, 4. kalabalık. density see 1. yoğunluk (intensity), 2. sıklık (frequency). dentist see dişçi. deny see 1. yalanlamak, 2. yadsımak. department see 1. bölüm (chapter, division, part, section), 2. şube (branch), 3. daire (circle), 4. departman, 5. bakanlık, 6. kısım (section), 7. kol (arm). departure see 1. gidiş, 2. kalkış, 3. yenilik, 4. sapma (deviation, drift), 5. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 6. ayrılış, 7. ayrılma (separation). depend see güvenmek. dependence see 1. bağımlılık, 2. güven (faith, reliance), 3. bağlılık. dependency see 1. sömürge, 2. bağımlılık (dependence). dependent see 1. bağımlı, 2. muhtaç, 3. bağlı. deposit see 1. mevduat, 2. tortu, 3. depozito, 4. kaparo, 5. birikinti, 6. yatırmak.

543

depot see depo (store). depressing see acıklı. depression see 1. bunalım (crisis), 2. çöküntü, 3. buhran (crisis), 4. depresyon, 5. kasvet. deprivation see 1. yoksunluk, 2. mahrumiyet, 3. ihtiyaç. depth see derinlik. deputy see 1. milletvekili, 2. vekil, 3. yardımcı (assistant). derelict see 1. terkedilmiş, 2. metruk, 3. sahipsiz. derive see 1. çıkarmak, 2. türetmek, 3. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take). descent see 1. iniş (landing), 2. baskın, 3. nesil, 4. inme (stroke), 5. soy. describe see 1. betimlemek, 2. tanımlamak (define), 3. çizmek (draw). description see 1. betimleme, 2. tanım, 3. tanımlama, 4. tarif, 5. çeşit, 6. tasvir. descriptive see tanımlayıcı. desert see 1. Çöl, 2. kaçmak (escape). design see 1. tasarlamak, 2. proje (plan, project, scheme), 3. taslak (draft, sketch), 4. plan, 5. motif, 6. kastetmek, 7. dizayn, 8. desen (pattern), 9. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 10. tasarım, 11. model (model). designer see 1. desinatör, 2. tasarımcı. desire see 1. arzu (will, wish), 2. istek (request), 3. arzulamak, 4. dilek, 5. istemek (want). desk see masa (table). desktop see masaüstü. despair see umutsuzluk. desperate see umutsuz. desperation see çaresizlik. destination see hedef (aim, goal, objective, target). destiny see 1. kader (fate), 2. felek, 3. kısmet, 4. yazgı. destroy see 1. yıkmak, 2. mahvetmek. destruction see 1. imha, 2. tahrip, 3. yıkma. destructive see 1. yıkıcı, 2. zararlı. detail see 1. ayrıntı, 2. detay. detailed see ayrıntılı. detect see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2. keşfetmek, 3. sezmek. detection see 1. bulma (find), 2. keşif. detective see 1. dedektif, 2. hafiye. detector see 1. detektör, 2. bulucu. detention see 1. alıkoyma, 2. tutma (hold), 3. engelleme, 4. gecikme (delay). deterioration see bozulma (breakdown, corruption). determination see 1. belirleme, 2. saptama, 3. azim, 4. tespit, 5. kararlılık, 6. niyet (intent, intention, purpose). determine see 1. saptamak, 2. belirlemek, 3. kararlaştırmak. determined see 1. azimli, 2. kararlı.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

544

English - Turkish

devaluation see devalüasyon. devastating see müthiş. develop see 1. gelişmek, 2. geliştirmek. development see 1. gelişme, 2. kalkınma, 3. geliştirme. deviation see sapma (drift). device see 1. aygıt, 2. hile, 3. oyun (game), 4. plan, 5. alet (implement, instrument, tool), 6. cihaz, 7. makine (engine, machine). devil see şeytan. devoted see 1. sadık, 2. bağlı. devotion see 1. bağlılık, 2. düşkünlük. diabetes see diyabet. diagnosis see 1. tanı, 2. teşhis. diagram see 1. diyagram, 2. şema, 3. çizenek. dialogue see diyalog. diameter see çap. diamond see 1. karo, 2. elmas. diarrhoea see 1. amel, 2. ishal. diary see 1. günlük (daily, journal), 2. günce. dictionary see sözlük. die see ölmek. diet see 1. perhiz, 2. rejim, 3. diyet. differ see benzememek. difference see 1. fark, 2. farklılık, 3. anlaşmazlık, 4. ayrılık (separation), 5. ayrım. different see 1. başka (else, other), 2. çeşitli, 3. değişik, 4. farklı. differential see diferansiyel. differentiation see fark (difference). difficult see 1. zor, 2. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 3. huysuz, 4. titiz, 5. çetin, 6. inatçı. difficulty see 1. zorluk, 2. güçlük, 3. sorun (issue, problem). dig see 1. kazmak, 2. taş (stone), 3. dürtmek, 4. anlamak (see, understand), 5. kazı. digital see 1. dijital, 2. sayısal. dilemma see 1. ikilem, 2. açmaz, 3. çıkmaz. dim see 1. bulanık, 2. sönük, 3. soluk (breath), 4. loş, 5. karartmak, 6. kararmak, 7. donuk, 8. bulandırmak, 9. belirsiz (ambiguous), 10. donuklaştırmak. dimension see 1. boyut (size), 2. buut. dimensions see 1. ebat, 2. boyutlar. dinner see Yemek (eat, feed, meal). diplomacy see diplomasi. diplomatic see diplomatik. direct see 1. yönlendirmek, 2. dolaysız, 3. yönetmek, 4. direkt, 5. kestirme, 6. emretmek (order), 7. düz (flat, plain, smooth, straight), 8. dürüst (honest), 9. doğrultmak, 10. yöneltmek. direction see 1. yön (course), 2. talimat (instruction), 3. yönerge (directive, instruction), 4. yönetim (administration, government, management).

directive see 1. yönerge (instruction), 2. direktif, 3. talimat (instruction), 4. emir. directly see hemen (immediately). director see 1. yönetici (administrator, manager), 2. müdür (manager), 3. yönetmen, 4. direktör, 5. idareci. directory see 1. rehber (guide), 2. dizin (index). dirt see 1. çamur (mud), 2. kir, 3. pislik, 4. toprak (earth, ground, land, soil). dirty see 1. kirli, 2. pis, 3. bozuk (broken), 4. fırtınalı, 5. kirlenmek, 6. kirletmek, 7. pisletmek, 8. iğrenç, 9. pislenmek, 10. müstehcen. disability see 1. yetersizlik, 2. sakatlık, 3. ehliyetsizlik, 4. zaaf. disabled see özürlü. disadvantage see 1. dezavantaj, 2. zarar (loss). disagreement see 1. anlaşmazlık, 2. uyuşmazlık. disaster see 1. yıkım, 2. afet, 3. facia, 4. felaket, 5. talihsizlik. disastrous see feci. disbelief see güvensizlik. disc see disk. discharge see 1. boşaltmak (empty), 2. ödemek (pay), 3. tahliye, 4. boşaltma, 5. akmak (flow), 6. boşalma, 7. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 8. deşarj, 9. ödeme (payment), 10. akma, 11. terhis, 12. salıverme. discipline see 1. cezalandırmak, 2. disiplin, 3. eğitmek. disclose see göstermek (indicate, point, represent, show). disclosure see ifşa. disco see 1. diskotek, 2. disko. discomfort see 1. rahatsızlık, 2. huzursuzluk, 3. sıkıntı. discount see 1. indirim, 2. iskonto, 3. kırdırmak, 4. kırmak. discourse see 1. söylev (address, speech), 2. nutuk, 3. konuşmak (speak, talk), 4. konuşma (speech, talk). discover see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2. keşfetmek, 3. anlamak (see, understand). discovery see 1. bulgu, 2. buluş, 3. keşif. discreet see 1. ihtiyatlı, 2. ketum. discrimination see ayrım. discuss see 1. tartışmak, 2. görüşmek. discussion see 1. görüşme, 2. tartışma (argument). disease see hastalık. disgust see 1. tiksinme, 2. iğrendirmek, 3. iğrenme, 4. nefret (hate, hatred), 5. bıktırmak, 6. bezdirmek, 7. tiksindirmek. disgusting see 1. iğrenç, 2. berbat, 3. tiksindirici. dish see 1. tabak (plate), 2. yemek (eat, feed, meal). disk see disk (disc). dismiss see 1. bırakmak (leave), 2. kovmak.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish disorder see 1. düzensizlik, 2. kargaşa, 3. karışıklık, 4. karıştırmak. display see 1. sergileme, 2. sergilemek, 3. ekran (screen), 4. görüntü (image, picture), 5. göstermek (indicate, point, represent, show), 6. sergi. disposal see 1. satış (sale), 2. düzen (order), 3. kullanım. dispose see 1. düzenlemek (arrange, order, organize), 2. yerleştirmek. disposition see 1. eğilim (inclination, trend), 2. istek (request), 3. düzen (order), 4. Idare (management), 5. mizaç. dispute see tartışmak. disruption see 1. bozulma (breakdown, corruption), 2. kesilme. dissatisfaction see 1. doyumsuzluk, 2. hoşnutsuzluk, 3. memnuniyetsizlik. dissolution see 1. bozulma (breakdown, corruption), 2. tasfiye, 3. bozma, 4. dağılma, 5. fesih, 6. ölüm (death). distance see 1. uzaklık, 2. mesafe, 3. soğukluk. distant see 1. uzak (far, remote), 2. soğuk (bleak, cold), 3. hafif (light), 4. uzakta (away), 5. uzaktan. distinct see 1. ayrı (apart, separate), 2. farklı, 3. belirgin (clear), 4. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 5. aşikâr. distinction see 1. fark (difference), 2. üstünlük (advantage). distinctive see özel (particular, private, special). distinctly see açıkça. distinguish see 1. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 2. seçmek (choose, pick, select), 3. sivrilmek, 4. anlamak (see, understand). distinguished see 1. seçkin, 2. ünlü (famous), 3. tanınmış. distortion see 1. çarpıklık, 2. bozulma (breakdown, corruption), 3. çarpıtma, 4. distorsiyon. distress see 1. acı (bitter, grief, sorrow), 2. sıkıntı, 3. üzmek, 4. üzüntü, 5. haciz, 6. tehlike (danger, hazard), 7. ıstırap. distribution see 1. dağıtım, 2. dağılım, 3. dağılma, 4. yayılma. district see 1. bölge (belt, region, zone), 2. mahalle, 3. kaza (accident), 4. havali, 5. ilçe. disturb see 1. karıştırmak, 2. aksatmak, 3. bozmak. disturbance see 1. karışıklık, 2. bozukluk (failure, fault), 3. patırtı (noise), 4. rahatsızlık, 5. kargaşa. ditch see 1. hendek, 2. ark (arc). diversion see 1. eğlence (amusement, fun), 2. saptırma. divide see 1. bölmek (separate, split), 2. ayırmak (appropriate, reserve, separate, split), 3. bölünmek, 4. ayrılmak, 5. Böl.

545

dividend see bölünen. division see 1. bölüm (chapter, department, part, section), 2. Bölme, 3. bölünme (split), 4. kısım (section). divorce see 1. boşanma, 2. boşamak, 3. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 4. boşanmak. do see 1. etmek (make), 2. yapmak (fulfil, make, perform), 3. parti (lot), 4. temizlemek (clean, clear). dock see 1. rıhtım, 2. Yuva (nest), 3. dok, 4. kesmek (cut), 5. azaltmak (decrease). doctor see 1. doktor, 2. hekim. doctrine see 1. doktrin, 2. öğreti. document see 1. belge, 2. belgelemek. documentation see 1. belgeleme, 2. dokümantasyon. dog see 1. köpek, 2. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail), 3. it, 4. herif. doll see bebek (baby, infant). dollar see dolar. dolly see bebek (baby, doll, infant). dolphin see yunus. domain see 1. alan (area, field, range, space), 2. ülke (country). dome see kubbe. domestic see 1. yerli, 2. evcil, 3. hizmetçi, 4. iç (inner, inside, internal), 5. ehli. dominance see 1. egemenlik (domination), 2. üstünlük (advantage). dominant see 1. egemen, 2. baskın, 3. başat. dominate see hükmetmek. domination see egemenlik. don see giymek. donation see bağış. done see 1. tamam, 2. bitti, 3. yapılmış, 4. olmuş, 5. bitmiş. donor see verici. door see 1. kapı (gate), 2. giriş (access, entry, input, introduction). dose see 1. doz, 2. miktar (amount, quantity). dot see 1. nokta (period, point, spot), 2. benek (spot), 3. noktalamak. double see 1. çift (couple, dual, even, pair), 2. çifte, 3. duble, 4. bükmek, 5. ikili, 6. ikiyüzlü. doubt see 1. kuşku, 2. şüphe (suspicion), 3. güvenmemek, 4. güvensizlik, 5. kuşkulanmak. doubtful see 1. şüpheli, 2. kuşkulu, 3. belirsiz (ambiguous). doubtless see 1. kuşkusuz, 2. muhakkak, 3. şüphesiz. down see 1. aşağı (below), 2. devirmek, 3. aşağısında, 4. tüy (pile), 5. hav (pile), 6. aşağıya, 7. aşağıda (below), 8. bozuk (broken). downstairs see 1. aşağıda (below), 2. aşağıya.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

546

English - Turkish

dozen see düzine. draft see 1. taslak (sketch), 2. müsvedde, 3. cereyan, 4. çekme (pull), 5. poliçe (policy). drag see 1. çekmek (draw, pull), 2. sürükleme, 3. sürüklemek, 4. sürümek, 5. sürünmek, 6. taramak, 7. tarak, 8. engel (barrier), 9. tırmık. dragon see ejderha. drain see 1. akaç, 2. akaçlamak, 3. tüketmek, 4. kanal (canal, channel), 5. kurutmak, 6. lağım, 7. masraf, 8. akmak (flow), 9. akıtmak, 10. süzmek (filter). drainage see 1. drenaj, 2. akaçlama, 3. kanalizasyon. drama see 1. dram, 2. drama. dramatic see 1. dramatik, 2. etkileyici, 3. çarpıcı. drastic see şiddetli (bitter). draw see 1. çizmek, 2. çekmek (drag, pull), 3. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 4. germek, 5. resmetmek, 6. cezbetmek, 7. çekme (pull), 8. çekiş, 9. çekiliş. drawer see 1. çekmece, 2. göz (eye), 3. keşideci. drawing see 1. çizim, 2. plan, 3. resim (image, painting, picture). drawn see 1. çekilmiş, 2. süzgün. dreadful see 1. berbat, 2. korkunç (horrible, terrible). dream see 1. düş, 2. hayal, 3. rüya. dress see 1. elbise (clothes), 2. giysi (costume), 3. süslemek, 4. giyinmek, 5. giyim, 6. giydirmek. dressing see 1. pansuman, 2. sargı, 3. giydirme. drift see 1. sürüklenme, 2. sapma (deviation), 3. sürüklemek (drag), 4. yığmak (stack), 5. sürüklenmek, 6. kayma (slide), 7. eğilim (inclination, trend), 8. akıntı, 9. yığılmak. drill see 1. matkap, 2. delgi (punch), 3. talim, 4. alıştırma (exercise), 5. delmek. drink see 1. içmek, 2. içecek, 3. içki, 4. meşrubat, 5. okyanus (ocean), 6. deniz (sea). drive see 1. sürmek (last), 2. çakmak, 3. enerji (energy), 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5. sürücü (driver). driver see 1. sürücü, 2. şoför, 3. makinist. driving see sürme. drop see 1. düşüş, 2. bırakmak (leave), 3. damla, 4. düşme, 5. düşmek (fall), 6. kesmek (cut), 7. düşürmek, 8. damlamak, 9. alçalmak, 10. iniş (descent, landing). drug see ilaç (remedy). drum see davul. drunk see sarhoş. dry see 1. kuru, 2. sek, 3. susuz, 4. susamış, 5. yavan, 6. kurumak, 7. kurak, 8. kurumuş, 9. kurutmak. dual see 1. çift (couple, double, even, pair), 2. ikili. dubious see 1. belirsiz (ambiguous), 2. şüpheli. duck see ördek.

due see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. hak, 4. beklenen, 5. gereken. duke see dük. dull see 1. donuk, 2. sıkıcı (boring), 3. sönük, 4. renksiz, 5. ağır (heavy, serious), 6. kör (blind), 7. donuklaştırmak. duly see hakkıyla. dumb see 1. aptal, 2. dilsiz, 3. sessiz (quiet). duration see süre (time). dust see toz (powder). dusty see tozlu. duty see 1. vergi (tax), 2. ödev, 3. görev (task), 4. hizmet (service). dynamic see 1. dinamik (dynamics), 2. devingen. dynamics see 1. dinamik (dynamic), 2. devimbilim.

E each see 1. her, 2. tanesi. eager see 1. gayretli, 2. sabırsız, 3. hevesli. eagle see kartal. ear see 1. kulak, 2. başak. early see 1. erken, 2. eski (former, old), 3. ilk (first, initial, preliminary). earn see kazanmak (win). earnings see 1. kazanç (gain, proceeds), 2. gelir, 3. maaş (pay, salary, wage). earth see 1. toprak (ground, land, soil), 2. dünya (world), 3. yer (ground, location, place, seat, space), 4. yeryüzü, 5. arz. ease see 1. rahat, 2. gevşetmek, 3. rahatlık, 4. kolaylık (facility), 5. huzur (peace), 6. kolaylaşmak, 7. dindirmek, 8. refah (welfare), 9. yatıştırmak, 10. kolaylaştırmak. easily see 1. kolayca, 2. muhtemelen, 3. şüphesiz, 4. kolaylıkla. east see doğu. easy see 1. kolay, 2. rahat (ease), 3. sakin (quiet), 4. uysal, 5. zahmetsiz. eat see 1. yemek (feed, meal), 2. kemirmek, 3. aşındırmak, 4. çürütmek. eccentric see eksantrik. ecclesiastical see dini. echo see 1. yankı, 2. aksetmek, 3. yankılanmak, 4. yansıtmak (reflect). ecology see 1. ekoloji, 2. çevrebilim. economic see 1. ekonomik, 2. iktisadi. economics see ekonomi. economist see 1. ekonomist, 2. iktisatçı. economy see 1. ekonomi, 2. tasarruf, 3. tutum (attitude), 4. idare (management).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish edge see 1. kenar (border, margin, side, verge), 2. ağız (mouth), 3. kıyı, 4. avantaj (advantage). edition see 1. baskı, 2. yayın (publication). editor see 1. düzenleyici, 2. editör, 3. başyazar, 4. yayımcı. educated see 1. aydın, 2. okumuş. education see 1. eğitim (training), 2. öğrenim, 3. öğretim, 4. tahsil. effect see 1. etki (action, impact, influence), 2. sonuç (outcome, result), 3. anlam (meaning, sense, significance), 4. Efekt, 5. tesir, 6. gerçekleştirmek (realize). effective see 1. etkin (active), 2. etkili, 3. efektif, 4. etkileyici, 5. fiili, 6. geçerli (current, valid), 7. tesirli. effectiveness see etkililik. efficacy see 1. etki (action, effect, impact, influence), 2. yarar (advantage, benefit). efficiency see 1. verim (yield), 2. verimlilik (fertility), 3. etkinlik (activity). efficient see 1. becerikli, 2. ehliyetli, 3. verimli (fertile). effort see 1. gayret, 2. çaba, 3. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 4. emek, 5. çabalama. egg see 1. yumurta, 2. bomba (bomb), 3. tohum (seed), 4. torpido. ego see 1. ben, 2. ego, 3. benlik. eight see sekiz. eighteen see Onsekiz. eighth see sekizinci. eighty see seksen. elaborate see ayrıntılı. elbow see 1. dirsek, 2. dirseklemek. elder see 1. ata, 2. büyük (big, grand, great, large, major). election see seçim (choice, selection). electorate see seçmenler. electric see elektrikli (electrical). electrical see 1. elektrikli, 2. elektrik (electricity), 3. elektriksel. electricity see elektrik. electron see elektron. electronic see elektronik (electronics). electronics see elektronik (electronic). elegant see 1. zarif, 2. şık, 3. mükemmel (excellent). element see 1. unsur, 2. eleman, 3. element, 4. öğe, 5. esas. elementary see 1. temel (base, basic, foundation), 2. ilkel (primitive), 3. basit (simple), 4. ilk (first, initial, preliminary), 5. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start). elephant see fil (bishop). eligible see 1. seçilebilir, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable).

547

eliminate see 1. elemek, 2. çıkarmak, 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw). elimination see 1. eleme, 2. atma, 3. çıkarma, 4. eliminasyon. elite see seçkinler. else see 1. başka (different, other), 2. daha (more), 3. yoksa (or). elusive see kaçamaklı. embassy see 1. elçilik, 2. sefaret. emergence see belirme. emergency see buhran (crisis). emission see 1. yayma, 2. çıkarma. emotion see 1. duygu (feeling, sense), 2. heyecan, 3. his (sense). emotional see 1. duygusal (sentimental), 2. heyecanlı, 3. duygulu. emperor see imparator. emphasis see 1. vurgu (accent), 2. önem. empire see imparatorluk. empirical see 1. görgül, 2. deneysel (experimental). employ see kullanmak (use). employee see 1. işçi, 2. Personel, 3. görevli, 4. hizmetli. employer see işveren. employment see 1. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 2. çalıştırma, 3. istihdam. empty see 1. boş (blank, free, vacant), 2. boşaltmak (discharge), 3. dökmek, 4. boşalmak, 5. aç (hungry), 6. dökülmek. enclosure see 1. çevirme (conversion), 2. çit (fence), 3. kuşatma (siege), 4. duvar (wall), 5. kapama, 6. muhafaza. encounter see 1. karşılaşma, 2. karşılaşmak, 3. çarpışmak, 4. çarpışma (collision). encourage see 1. cesaretlendirmek, 2. özendirmek, 3. yüreklendirmek. end see 1. son (final, finish, last), 2. bitirmek (complete), 3. bitmek (finish), 4. erek, 5. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 6. akıbet, 7. uç. ending see son (end, final, finish, last). endless see sonsuz (infinite). endorsement see ciro. enemy see 1. düşman, 2. hasım. energetic see 1. çalışkan, 2. enerjik, 3. faal, 4. güçlü, 5. kuvvetli. energy see 1. enerji, 2. güç (force, power, strength), 3. kuvvet (force, strength), 4. erke, 5. gayret (effort). enforce see 1. uygulamak (apply), 2. yürütmek. enforcement see uygulama (application). engage see 1. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2. tutmak (hold, keep, retain). engaged see 1. meşgul (busy), 2. nişanlı.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

548

English - Turkish

engagement see 1. nişanlanma, 2. nişan, 3. randevu (appointment), 4. çarpışma (collision), 5. angajman, 6. söz (word), 7. sözleşme, 8. taahhüt. engine see 1. motor (motor), 2. lokomotif, 3. makine (machine). engineer see 1. mühendis, 2. çarkçı, 3. makinist. engineering see mühendislik. enjoy see 1. beğenmek (like), 2. hoşlanmak, 3. sevmek (like, love), 4. yararlanmak. enjoyable see 1. hoş (pleasant), 2. eğlenceli, 3. zevkli. enjoyment see 1. zevk, 2. hoşlanma, 3. haz. enormous see 1. kocaman (huge), 2. muazzam. enough see yeter. enquiry see sorgu (inquiry). ensure see sağlamak. enter see 1. girmek, 2. kaydetmek (record, register), 3. Gir. enterprise see 1. girişim (interference), 2. kuruluş, 3. girişkenlik, 4. teşebbüs, 5. cesaret (courage). entertainment see eğlence (amusement, fun). enthusiasm see 1. şevk, 2. heves, 3. coşkunluk. enthusiastic see hevesli. entire see 1. bütün (all, integral, whole), 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. tüm (all). entirely see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether), 2. büsbütün, 3. bütünüyle, 4. tümüyle. entity see 1. varlık, 2. mevcudiyet. entrance see 1. giriş (access, entry, input, introduction), 2. antre, 3. büyülemek, 4. girme. entry see 1. giriş (access, input, introduction), 2. antre, 3. Girdi (input), 4. girme, 5. kayıt (record). envelope see 1. zarf, 2. zarflamak. environment see 1. çevre, 2. ortam (medium). environmental see çevresel (peripheral). enzyme see enzim. episode see 1. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section), 2. olay (event, fact, incident), 3. kısım (section). equal see 1. eşit, 2. denk, 3. akran, 4. eş (match, wife), 5. aynı (same), 6. emsal. equality see eşitlik. equation see 1. denklem, 2. eşitlik (equality). equilibrium see denge (balance, stability). equipment see 1. donatım, 2. teçhizat, 3. donatı. equity see 1. adalet (justice), 2. tarafsızlık. equivalent see 1. eşdeğer, 2. denk, 3. eşit (equal), 4. karşılık. era see 1. çağ, 2. devir (period), 3. dönem (period). erosion see 1. erozyon, 2. kemirme, 3. aşınma, 4. aşındırma. error see 1. hata (fault), 2. yanılgı, 3. yanlış (false), 4. yanlışlık.

escape see 1. kaçmak, 2. firar, 3. kaçma, 4. kaçış, 5. atlatmak, 6. kurtuluş. especially see özellikle. essay see 1. deneme (trial), 2. denemek. essence see 1. öz (self), 2. ruh (soul), 3. esans, 4. cevher, 5. asıl, 6. esas. essential see 1. esaslı, 2. gerekli (necessary). essentially see esasen. establish see 1. yerleştirmek, 2. kurmak (build, found, install), 3. saptamak, 4. kanıtlamak. established see sabit (constant, fixed). establishment see 1. kurma, 2. kuruluş, 3. kurum, 4. tesis. estate see mülk. estimate see 1. tahmin (forecast), 2. hesap (account, bill, calculation). estimated see Tahmini. eternal see 1. sonsuz (endless, infinite), 2. ebedi. ethical see törel. ethics see 1. etik, 2. törebilim. ethnic see etnik. evaluate see değerlendirmek. evaluation see değerlendirme. eve see arife. even see 1. çift (couple, double, dual, pair), 2. hatta, 3. bile, 4. düz (flat, plain, smooth, straight), 5. eşit (equal), 6. düzenli (regular). evening see 1. akşam (night), 2. gece (night), 3. suare. event see 1. olay (fact, incident), 2. sonuç (effect, outcome, result), 3. vaka, 4. karşılaşma, 5. hadise. eventually see 1. sonunda, 2. neticede. ever see 1. daima (always), 2. hep (always), 3. hiç (nothing). everyday see 1. günlük (daily, journal), 2. adi (common), 3. gündelik. evidence see 1. kanıt (proof), 2. tanıklık, 3. delil, 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. şahitlik, 6. ifade (expression), 7. belirtmek (specify), 8. açıklık, 9. açıklamak (explain), 10. ispat. evident see 1. besbelli, 2. belirgin (clear), 3. aşikâr, 4. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage). evidently see açıkça. evil see 1. kötülük, 2. fena (poor), 3. kötü (bad, poor), 4. kem, 5. zarar (loss), 6. uğursuz, 7. zararlı, 8. aksi, 9. fenalık, 10. bela. evolution see 1. evrim, 2. gelişim, 3. gelişme. evolutionary see evrimsel. exact see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exactly, precise, very), 2. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 3. kati, 4. kesin (definite), 5. titiz, 6. dakik, 7. gerektirmek. exactly see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, precise, very), 2. aynen, 3. tamamen

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 4. tamam (done). examination see 1. muayene, 2. sınav, 3. yoklama, 4. inceleme, 5. soruşturma (inquiry), 6. teftiş, 7. tetkik. examine see 1. yoklamak, 2. incelemek, 3. sınamak (test). example see 1. örnek (model, sample), 2. ders, 3. ibret, 4. misal. exceed see 1. aşmak, 2. geçmek (pass). excellence see 1. mükemmellik (perfection), 2. üstünlük (advantage). excellent see 1. mükemmel, 2. kusursuz, 3. üstün. except see 1. dışında, 2. hariç, 3. saymamak. exception see istisna. exceptional see 1. istisnai, 2. müstesna. excess see 1. fazlalık, 2. aşırılık, 3. fazla, 4. ölçüsüzlük. excessive see aşırı (extreme). exchange see 1. santral, 2. borsa, 3. değiştirme, 4. kambiyo. exchequer see hazine. excitement see 1. heyecan, 2. telaş. exciting see 1. heyecanlı, 2. uyarıcı. exclude see 1. dışlamak, 2. kovmak. exclusion see çıkarma. exclusive see 1. tek (odd, single, unique), 2. özel (particular, private, special). exclusively see 1. sadece, 2. yalnız (alone). excuse see 1. affetmek (forgive, pardon), 2. bağışlamak (forgive), 3. bahane, 4. özür (apology), 5. mazeret. execution see 1. icra, 2. yürütme, 3. uygulama (application), 4. idam. executive see 1. idareci, 2. yürütme, 3. yürütücü. exercise see 1. alıştırma, 2. egzersiz, 3. idman, 4. talim, 5. uygulama (application), 6. kullanma (use). exhausted see bitap. exhaustion see 1. bitkinlik (fatigue), 2. tükenme, 3. yorgunluk. exhibition see 1. sergi, 2. sergileme. exile see 1. sürgün, 2. sürmek (drive, last). exist see 1. yaşamak (live), 2. bulunmak, 3. olmak (become, get, happen). existence see hayat (life). existing see varolan. exit see 1. çıkmak, 2. çıkış, 3. çıkma. exotic see egzotik. expand see 1. büyütmek, 2. genişlemek, 3. genişletmek (extend), 4. yaymak (spread), 5. şişmek, 6. Geniþlet, 7. açmak (open), 8. açılmak, 9. büyümek. expanded see genişletilmiş.

549

expansion see 1. genleşme, 2. genişleme, 3. büyüme (growth), 4. yayılma. expect see 1. beklemek (wait), 2. sanmak (guess, suppose, think). expectation see 1. beklenti, 2. bekleme (wait), 3. umut (hope), 4. ümit, 5. umma. expedition see 1. sefer, 2. sevk, 3. acele. expenditure see 1. gider, 2. harcama, 3. masraf. expense see 1. gider, 2. harcama, 3. masraf. expenses see Masraflar. expensive see 1. masraflı, 2. pahalı. experience see 1. deneyim, 2. tecrübe, 3. görmek (see), 4. yaşamak (live), 5. yaşantı, 6. denemek, 7. olay (event, fact, incident), 8. tatmak (taste). experienced see 1. tecrübeli, 2. deneyimli, 3. görgülü. experiment see deney. experimental see deneysel. expert see 1. uzman (specialist), 2. bilirkişi, 3. eksper, 4. usta (skilled). expertise see 1. ekspertiz, 2. uzmanlık. explain see 1. açıklamak, 2. anlatmak (relate, tell). explanation see 1. açıklama, 2. Açiklama, 3. izah, 4. tanımlama, 5. yorum (comment, interpretation). explicit see 1. açık (clear, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 2. belirgin (clear), 3. kesin (definite), 4. aşikâr, 5. belli. exploit see 1. işletmek (operate), 2. kahramanlık, 3. sömürmek, 4. kullanmak (employ, use), 5. macera, 6. yiğitlik. exploitation see 1. işletme, 2. sömürme, 3. istismar. exploration see 1. araştırma (investigation, research), 2. keşif. explore see 1. araştırmak (investigate, research), 2. keşfetmek. explosion see 1. patlama, 2. infilak, 3. parlama. explosive see patlayıcı. export see 1. dışsatım, 2. ihracat, 3. ihraç. exposure see 1. poz, 2. teşhir. express see 1. kesin (definite), 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3. anlatmak (relate, tell), 4. hızlı (fast, quick, swift), 5. belli, 6. süratli, 7. özel (particular, private, special). expression see 1. anlatım, 2. ifade, 3. deyim, 4. eda, 5. söz (word), 6. tabir. expressly see 1. açıkça, 2. bilhassa, 3. özellikle. exquisite see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. nefis, 3. şiddetli (bitter), 4. zarif (elegant). extend see 1. uzatmak (reach), 2. genişletmek (expand), 3. yaymak (spread), 4. erişmek, 5. uzamak. extended see genişletilmiş. extension see 1. uzatma, 2. genişletme, 3. uzantı, 4. ek (appendix).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

550

English - Turkish

extensive see 1. geniş (large, wide), 2. uzatılmış. extent see 1. uzunluk (length), 2. kapsam (scope), 3. derece (degree, grade), 4. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 5. genişlik (width), 6. mertebe, 7. ölçü (gauge, measure), 8. büyüklük (magnitude, size). external see 1. dış, 2. harici. extra see 1. ek (appendix), 2. ekstra, 3. fazla, 4. fazladan, 5. figüran, 6. ilave, 7. ilaveten. extract see 1. öz (self), 2. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 3. ruh (soul), 4. özüt, 5. özet (abstract, outline, summary), 6. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 7. çıkarmak. extraction see 1. çekme (pull), 2. çıkarma, 3. soy. extraordinary see 1. olağanüstü, 2. fevkalade. extreme see 1. aşırı, 2. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 3. son (end, final, finish, last), 4. uç. eye see 1. göz, 2. nazar, 3. görüş (sight), 4. bakış (look, view).

F fabric see 1. bünye (structure), 2. kumaş (cloth), 3. yapı (structure), 4. bez. fabulous see harika (wonderful). face see 1. yüz (hundred), 2. çehre, 3. surat, 4. kaplamak, 5. sima, 6. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 7. cephe, 8. görünüş, 9. itibar, 10. katlanmak. facilitate see kolaylaştırmak. facility see 1. kolaylık, 2. olanak (possibility), 3. tesis. facing see dönüş (return, turn). fact see 1. olgu, 2. olay (event, incident), 3. gerçek (actual, real, true), 4. hakikat. faction see 1. hizip, 2. ayrılık (separation). factor see 1. etmen, 2. çarpan, 3. faktör, 4. katsayı, 5. etken. factory see 1. fabrika, 2. imalathane. faculty see 1. fakülte, 2. yetenek (ability, capability), 3. yeti, 4. beceri, 5. kabiliyet. fail see 1. başaramamak, 2. becerememek, 3. bırakmak (leave). failing see 1. kusur (defect, fault), 2. zayıflık, 3. hata (error, fault). failure see 1. bozukluk (fault), 2. başarısızlık, 3. eksiklik (deficiency), 4. fiyasko, 5. yetmezlik, 6. arıza (fault). faint see 1. bayılmak, 2. soluk (breath), 3. zayıf, 4. bayılma, 5. sönük, 6. cesaretsiz, 7. baygın, 8. baygınlık, 9. donuk. fair see 1. sarışın, 2. güzel (beautiful, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 3. adil, 4. panayır, 5. dürüst (honest), 6. vasat, 7. temiz (clean, clear), 8.

orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 9. dürüstçe, 10. çarşı, 11. adilane, 12. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 13. fuar. fairly see 1. oldukça (rather), 2. dürüstçe, 3. adilane. fairness see güzellik (beauty). fairy see peri. faith see 1. güven (reliance), 2. din (religion), 3. iman, 4. inanç (belief), 5. itikat, 6. söz (word), 7. itimat (reliance), 8. bağlılık, 9. sadakat. faithful see 1. sadık, 2. bağlı, 3. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true). fall see 1. sonbahar (autumn), 2. düşmek, 3. düşme, 4. inmek, 5. düşüş, 6. dökülmek, 7. çökmek, 8. güz, 9. dökülme, 10. çöküş, 11. yağmak, 12. yamaç, 13. yıkılma, 14. yıkılmak. false see 1. yanlış, 2. taklit (imitation), 3. asılsız, 4. hileli, 5. sahte. fame see 1. ün, 2. şöhret, 3. nam, 4. şan (glory). familiar see 1. aşina, 2. tanıdık (acquaintance), 3. teklifsiz, 4. bildik, 5. alışılmış, 6. laubali. familiarity see 1. aşinalık, 2. laubalilik. family see 1. aile, 2. familya, 3. soy, 4. ev (home, house). famous see 1. ünlü, 2. meşhur, 3. tanınmış. fan see 1. hayran, 2. vantilatör, 3. yelpaze, 4. pervane, 5. taraftar, 6. yelpazelemek. fancy see 1. Süslü, 2. hayal, 3. kuruntu, 4. sanmak (guess, suppose, think). fantastic see 1. fantastik, 2. harika (wonderful), 3. acayip (peculiar), 4. garip, 5. hayali, 6. şahane. fantasy see 1. hayal, 2. fantezi. far see 1. uzak (distant, remote), 2. uzakta (away), 3. uzağa, 4. ırak, 5. öbür. fare see 1. yiyecek (food), 2. yolcu (passenger). farewell see 1. veda, 2. elveda. farm see çiftlik. farmer see çiftçi. farming see 1. tarım, 2. çiftçilik. fascinating see 1. büyüleyici, 2. çekici. fascination see 1. cazibe (attraction), 2. çekicilik. fascism see faşizm. fashion see 1. moda, 2. yapmak (do, fulfil, make, perform), 3. üslup, 4. tarz (genre), 5. biçim (form, format, shape), 6. biçimlendirmek. fashionable see moda (fashion). fast see 1. oruç, 2. hızlı (quick, swift), 3. süratli, 4. sıkı, 5. seri (series), 6. ileri (advanced, forward), 7. çabuk (quick), 8. sağlam, 9. sabit (constant, fixed), 10. sıkıca, 11. solmaz, 12. süratle, 13. dayanıklı. fat see 1. yağ (oil), 2. dolgun, 3. yağlı, 4. şişman, 5. semiz, 6. tombul, 7. şişkin, 8. besili, 9. şişko. fatal see 1. ölümcül, 2. öldürücü. fate see 1. kader, 2. yazgı, 3. son (end, final, finish, last), 4. akıbet, 5. alınyazısı, 6. kısmet.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish father see 1. baba (dad), 2. tanrı, 3. papaz (priest), 4. peder, 5. ata, 6. Allah. fatigue see 1. bitkinlik, 2. yormak, 3. yorgunluk. fault see 1. arıza, 2. kusur (defect), 3. hata (error), 4. bozukluk (failure), 5. suç (crime), 6. çatlak, 7. fay, 8. kınamak, 9. kabahat, 10. yanlışlık. faulty see 1. kusurlu (defective), 2. bozuk (broken), 3. hatalı. favour see 1. iltimas, 2. yardım (assistance, help), 3. lütuf, 4. iyilik, 5. kayırma. favourable see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. elverişli, 3. lehte, 4. olumlu (positive). favourite see 1. gözde, 2. sevgili (beloved, dear, love), 3. favori. fax see faks. fear see 1. korku (apprehension), 2. korkmak, 3. dehşet, 4. endişe (anxiety), 5. kaygı. fearful see 1. dehşetli, 2. korkunç (horrible, terrible), 3. endişeli, 4. ürkek (shy), 5. müthiş, 6. kaygılı, 7. korkak. feasible see 1. mümkün, 2. olası, 3. yapılabilir. feast see 1. bayram, 2. ziyafet, 3. şölen, 4. yortu. feature see özellik (characteristic, property). federal see federal. federation see federasyon. fee see ücret. feed see 1. beslemek, 2. yemek (eat, meal), 3. beslenmek, 4. besleme, 5. yiyecek (food), 6. yem, 7. otlamak, 8. yedirmek. feedback see geribildirim. feeding see besleme. feel see 1. hissetmek, 2. duygu (emotion, feeling, sense), 3. duymak (hear), 4. anlamak (see, understand), 5. his (sense), 6. hissetme, 7. dokunmak (touch), 8. sezmek. feeling see 1. duygu (emotion, sense), 2. his (sense), 3. izlenim (impression), 4. dokunma (touch), 5. sezgi. feet see ayaklar. fell see 1. deri (leather, skin), 2. kesmek (cut), 3. post (skin). fellow see 1. adam (guy, man), 2. arkadaş (companion, friend), 3. hemcins, 4. herif, 5. akran, 6. dost (friend), 7. yoldaş, 8. eş (match, wife). fellowship see 1. dernek (association), 2. arkadaşlık. felt see 1. fötr, 2. keçe. female see 1. kadın (woman), 2. dişi. feminism see feminizm. fence see 1. çit, 2. parmaklık. ferry see feribot. fertile see 1. bereketli, 2. verimli, 3. doğurgan, 4. üretken (productive), 5. zengin (rich, wealthy). fertility see 1. verimlilik (efficiency), 2. doğurganlık, 3. bereket (abundance).

551

festival see 1. festival, 2. şenlik. fetch see getirmek (bring). feudal see feodal. fever see 1. ateş (fire), 2. heyecan, 3. telaş. few see az (little). fibre see 1. karakter (character), 2. yapı (structure), 3. lif, 4. tel (wire). fiction see 1. uydurma, 2. kurgu, 3. icat, 4. masal. field see 1. alan (area, domain, range, space), 2. tarla, 3. saha, 4. otlak, 5. kır, 6. çayır, 7. mera. fifth see beşinci. fifty see elli. fig see incir. fight see 1. kavga, 2. savaşmak, 3. dövüşmek, 4. dövüş, 5. savaş (battle). fighter see 1. savaşçı, 2. boksör, 3. kavgacı. figure see 1. şekil (shape), 2. figür, 3. şahsiyet, 4. sayı (number), 5. rakam (number), 6. endam, 7. fiyat (price), 8. süslemek, 9. resmetmek, 10. resim (image, painting, picture). file see 1. dosya (record), 2. klasör, 3. törpülemek, 4. törpü, 5. kütük, 6. eğelemek, 7. eğe, 8. dosyalamak, 9. sıra (order, rank, sequence). fill see 1. doldurmak, 2. doldurma, 3. dolmak, 4. dolgu, 5. doyurmak, 6. şişmek. filling see 1. doldurma, 2. doyurucu, 3. dolgu. film see 1. film (movie), 2. zar (membrane). filter see 1. süzgeç, 2. süzmek, 3. filtre, 4. süzülmek. filthy see 1. kirli (dirty), 2. pis (dirty). final see 1. son (end, finish, last), 2. sonuncu, 3. kesin (definite), 4. nihai, 5. final, 6. kati. finally see 1. nihayet, 2. sonunda. finance see maliye. financial see 1. finansal, 2. parasal, 3. mali. find see 1. bulmak (strike), 2. bulma, 3. Bul, 4. bulgu, 5. buluş, 6. keşif. finding see karar (decision). fine see 1. güzel (beautiful, fair, handsome, lovely, pretty), 2. ince (thin), 3. iyi (good, okay, well), 4. saf (absolute, clean, pure), 5. mükemmel (excellent), 6. hoş (pleasant), 7. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 8. hassas. finger see parmak. finish see 1. son (end, final, last), 2. bitmek (end), 3. bitirmek (complete, end), 4. cila, 5. cilalamak, 6. bitiş. finished see 1. bitmiş, 2. tamamlanmış, 3. tükenmiş, 4. hazır, 5. mükemmel (excellent). finishing see 1. bitirme, 2. tamamlama (completion). fire see 1. ateş, 2. ateşlemek, 3. tutuşturmak, 4. yakmak (burn), 5. yangın, 6. alev (flame), 7. canlandırmak. fireplace see 1. ocak, 2. şömine. firing see 1. ateşleme, 2. yakma.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

552

English - Turkish

firm see 1. sıkı, 2. şirket, 3. firma, 4. katı (solid), 5. sabit (constant, fixed), 6. sağlam, 7. sert (hard, harsh), 8. dayanıklı. first see 1. birinci, 2. ilk (initial, preliminary), 3. baş (chief, head, master), 4. öncelikle. firstly see önce (before). fiscal see mali. fish see balık. fisher see balıkçı. fishing see balıkçılık. fist see yumruk. fit see 1. uymak, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 3. uyma, 4. uydurmak, 5. layık, 6. kriz (attack, crisis), 7. hazırlamak, 8. formda, 9. elverişli, 10. zinde. fitness see 1. sağlık, 2. uygunluk, 3. yetenek (ability, capability). fittings see teçhizat. five see beş. fix see 1. yerleştirmek, 2. kararlaştırmak, 3. saptamak, 4. bağlamak (link, tie), 5. takmak, 6. düzeltmek. fixed see 1. sabit (constant), 2. değişmez (constant), 3. kararlaştırılmış. flag see 1. bayrak (banner), 2. sancak. flame see 1. alev, 2. alevlenmek, 3. kızarmak. flash see 1. flaş, 2. ışıltı, 3. parıltı, 4. çakmak, 5. parlamak, 6. şimşek, 7. an (instant, moment). flat see 1. düz (plain, smooth, straight), 2. bemol, 3. kesin (definite), 4. durgun, 5. kat (multiple), 6. kati, 7. donuk, 8. tatsız, 9. yassı. flavour see 1. tat, 2. çeşni, 3. lezzet. fleet see 1. donanma, 2. filo. flesh see 1. et (meat), 2. vücut (body), 3. beden (body). flexibility see 1. esneklik, 2. elastikiyet, 3. uysallık. flexible see esnek. flight see 1. uçuş, 2. kaçış, 3. uçma, 4. firar. floating see kayan. flock see 1. sürü (herd), 2. cemaat, 3. kalabalık, 4. toplanmak, 5. üşüşmek, 6. yığın (bulk, mass, stack). flood see 1. sel, 2. bolluk (abundance, plenty), 3. taşkın, 4. taşmak, 5. tufan. floor see 1. taban (base), 2. zemin (ground), 3. kat (multiple), 4. döşeme, 5. şaşırtmak, 6. Yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space). floppy see 1. disket, 2. gevşek, 3. yumuşak. flora see flora. flour see un. flow see 1. akmak, 2. akış, 3. akıntı, 4. cereyan, 5. dolaşmak, 6. kabarma, 7. met, 8. taşmak, 9. akın. flower see 1. çiçek, 2. çiçeklenmek. flu see grip. fluid see 1. akışkan, 2. akıcı, 3. sıvı.

fly see 1. sinek (club), 2. uçmak, 3. uçurmak, 4. uçuş (flight), 5. kaçmak (escape), 6. Uçma. flying see 1. uçuş (flight), 2. havacılık, 3. uçan. foam see 1. köpük, 2. köpürmek. focus see 1. odak, 2. odaklamak. focusing see odaklama. fog see 1. sis, 2. duman (smoke), 3. karartmak, 4. şaşırtmak. foliage see yapraklar. folk see 1. ahali, 2. halk (people), 3. millet. follow see izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail). following see 1. ertesi, 2. müteakip, 3. aşağıdaki. food see 1. yiyecek, 2. gıda, 3. besin, 4. yemek (eat, feed, meal), 5. yem. fool see ahmak (stupid). foolish see 1. akılsız, 2. saçma (absurd), 3. ahmak (stupid), 4. aptal, 5. budalaca. foot see 1. ayak, 2. dip (bottom). football see 1. futbol (soccer), 2. ayaktopu. for see 1. için, 2. çünkü, 3. yüzünden, 4. zira, 5. nedeniyle. forbidden see 1. yasak, 2. yasaklanmış. force see 1. kuvvet (strength), 2. zorlamak, 3. güç (energy, power, strength), 4. zor (difficult), 5. sıkıştırmak, 6. baskı, 7. kudret, 8. zorlama (constraint), 9. etki (action, effect, impact, influence), 10. şiddet (violence). forced see 1. zoraki, 2. zorunlu (compulsory, mandatory), 3. mecburi. forecast see tahmin. forehead see alın. foreign see 1. yabancı, 2. dış. forest see 1. orman, 2. ağaçlandırmak. forever see 1. daima (always), 2. ebediyen. forget see unutmak. forgive see 1. affetmek (excuse, pardon), 2. bağışlamak (excuse). fork see 1. çatal, 2. çatallaşmak, 3. yaba, 4. ayrılmak. form see 1. biçim (format, shape), 2. form, 3. sınıf (class), 4. şekil (figure, shape), 5. oluşturmak, 6. tarz (genre), 7. kurmak (build, found, install), 8. kalıp (cast), 9. biçimlendirmek, 10. yöntem (method). formal see 1. biçimsel, 2. resmi. format see 1. biçim (form, shape), 2. biçimlemek, 3. format. formation see 1. oluşum, 2. düzen (order), 3. formasyon. former see 1. önceki, 2. eski (old), 3. sabık, 4. geçmiş (past). formerly see 1. eskiden, 2. önceden. formidable see 1. korkunç (horrible, terrible), 2. müthiş, 3. zorlu. formula see 1. formül, 2. reçete (prescription). fort see 1. kale (castle, goal), 2. hisar.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish forthcoming see 1. gelecek, 2. hazır, 3. önümüzdeki. fortunate see 1. şanslı, 2. talihli. fortune see 1. kısmet, 2. talih, 3. servet, 4. şans, 5. baht, 6. kader (fate). forty see kırk. forum see 1. forum, 2. mahkeme (tribunal). forward see 1. göndermek (send), 2. ileri (advanced), 3. ileriye, 4. iletmek, 5. öndeki. fossil see 1. fosil, 2. köhne, 3. taşıl. foster see 1. beslemek (feed), 2. büyütmek (expand). found see kurmak (build, install). foundation see 1. temel (base, basic, elementary), 2. vakıf, 3. tesis, 4. kurma, 5. esas. founder see 1. batmak, 2. kurucu, 3. çökmek, 4. dökümcü. fountain see 1. fıskiye, 2. kaynak (origin, resource, source), 3. çeşme, 4. pınar, 5. memba. four see dört. fourth see dördüncü. fox see 1. tilki, 2. aldatmak (trick). fraction see kesir. fragile see 1. kırılgan, 2. narin, 3. ince (fine, thin), 4. nazik. fragment see 1. kırıntı, 2. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 3. kısım (section), 4. parçalanmak. frail see zayıf. frame see 1. çerçeve, 2. beden (body), 3. uydurmak, 4. kurmak (build, found, install), 5. kare (square), 6. iskelet (framework, skeleton), 7. çerçevelemek, 8. çatı, 9. gövde (body). framework see 1. iskelet (skeleton), 2. çatı. franchise see 1. imtiyaz (concession), 2. hak, 3. ayrıcalık (privilege). frank see 1. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 2. samimi. frankly see 1. açıkça, 2. açıkçası. fraud see 1. hile, 2. dolandırıcılık, 3. dolandırıcı. free see 1. boş (blank, empty, vacant), 2. bedava, 3. serbest, 4. özgür, 5. açık (clear, explicit, light, open, plain, shortage), 6. Ücretsiz, 7. parasız, 8. hür, 9. teklifsiz, 10. doğal (natural), 11. cömert, 12. bağımsız (independent), 13. azade, 14. kurtarmak (save). freedom see 1. özgürlük (liberty), 2. hürriyet, 3. bağımsızlık (independence), 4. irade, 5. laubalilik. freely see serbestçe. freezing see 1. dondurucu, 2. dondurma (ice), 3. donma. freight see 1. navlun, 2. yük (load), 3. nakliye, 4. taşıma. frequency see 1. frekans, 2. sıklık.

553

fresh see 1. taze, 2. yeni (new, novel), 3. temiz (clean, clear), 4. küstah, 5. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 6. dinç, 7. arsız, 8. acemi, 9. körpe. fridge see buzdolabı. friend see 1. arkadaş (companion), 2. ahbap, 3. dost, 4. yardımcı (assistant). friendly see dostça. friendship see 1. arkadaşlık, 2. dostluk. frightened see 1. korkmuş, 2. ürkmüş. fringe see 1. perçem, 2. saçak. frog see kurbağa. front see 1. ön, 2. cephe, 3. yüz (face, hundred), 4. yönelmek, 5. öndeki. frontier see 1. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 2. hudut. frost see 1. ayaz, 2. don, 3. kırağı, 4. başarısızlık. frozen see 1. donmuş, 2. soğuk (bleak, cold). fruit see 1. meyve, 2. ürün (crop, product), 3. sonuç (effect, outcome, result). frustration see 1. hüsran, 2. asabiyet. fuck see 1. sikmek, 2. sikme. fuel see 1. yakıt, 2. benzin (gas, petrol), 3. yakacak. fulfil see yapmak (do, make, perform). fulfilment see yapma. full see 1. dolu, 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. tüm (all), 4. bol (abundant, ample), 5. tok. fully see tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely). fun see 1. eğlence (amusement), 2. şaka, 3. zevk. function see 1. fonksiyon, 2. işlev, 3. işlemek, 4. görev (task), 5. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). functional see 1. işlevsel, 2. fonksiyonel. fund see 1. fon, 2. sermaye, 3. stok (store). fundamental see 1. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation), 2. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal). funding see fonlama. funds see para (cash, currency, money). funeral see 1. defin, 2. gömme, 3. cenaze. funny see 1. komik, 2. tuhaf, 3. garip, 4. gülünç, 5. acayip (peculiar). fur see 1. kürk, 2. post (skin). furious see 1. kızgın (angry), 2. şiddetli (bitter), 3. azgın. furniture see 1. mobilya, 2. eşya. furthermore see ayrıca. fury see hiddet (anger). fusion see 1. erime, 2. kaynaşma. fuss see yaygara. future see 1. gelecek, 2. müstakbel, 3. istikbal.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

554

English - Turkish

G gain see 1. kazanç (proceeds), 2. artma, 3. ulaşmak (reach), 4. kazanmak (win), 5. yarar (advantage, benefit), 6. ilerleme (advance, advancement), 7. fayda, 8. artış (increase), 9. ilerlemek (advance). galaxy see 1. galaksi, 2. gökada, 3. samanyolu. gall see 1. öd, 2. safra (bile), 3. küstahlık, 4. kin, 5. kabalık, 6. mazı. gallery see 1. galeri, 2. dehliz, 3. sergi, 4. tünel. game see 1. oyun, 2. topal, 3. av (hunt), 4. maç, 5. sakat. gang see 1. takım (set, team), 2. çete, 3. ekip, 4. sürü (flock, herd). gap see 1. aralık (interval, space), 2. boşluk (blank, vacuum), 3. ayrılık (separation), 4. yarık, 5. açıklık, 6. geçit. garage see garaj. garden see bahçe. gardener see bahçıvan. garlic see sarımsak. garment see 1. giysi (costume), 2. elbise (clothes, dress). gas see 1. benzin (petrol), 2. gaz, 3. saçmalamak, 4. havagazı. gate see 1. kapı (door), 2. geçit. gather see 1. toplamak (add, collect, pick, raise), 2. biriktirmek, 3. kazanmak (win), 4. toplanmak. gathering see 1. toplantı, 2. topluluk (community), 3. toplama (addition, collection), 4. apse, 5. toplanma. gauge see 1. ölçü (measure), 2. mastar, 3. ayar, 4. kalibre, 5. ölçmek (measure), 6. tartmak. gay see 1. şen, 2. neşeli, 3. ibne, 4. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 5. keyifli. gear see 1. vites, 2. dişli, 3. uymak (fit), 4. uydurmak, 5. tertibat, 6. takım (set, team), 7. eşya, 8. donanım (hardware). gender see cinsiyet (sex). gene see gen. general see 1. genel (public), 2. general, 3. umumi, 4. yaygın. generally see 1. genellikle (usually), 2. genelde. generate see 1. üretmek, 2. oluşturmak, 3. doğurmak. generation see 1. kuşak (belt), 2. üretim (production), 3. nesil, 4. üretme. generic see 1. genel (general, public), 2. soysal. generosity see cömertlik. generous see 1. cömert, 2. verimli (fertile), 3. bol (abundant, ample). genius see 1. deha, 2. dahi (too).

genre see 1. tarz, 2. tür (kind, species, type). gentle see 1. kibar, 2. nazik, 3. tatlı (sweet), 4. yumuşak. gentleman see 1. bey, 2. centilmen, 3. beyefendi, 4. bay. gently see nazikçe. genuine see 1. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 2. samimi, 3. hakiki, 4. özgün (original), 5. saf (absolute, clean, pure). geographical see coğrafi. geography see coğrafya. geology see jeoloji. geometric see geometrik. gesture see jest. get see 1. almak (accept, buy, have, receive, take), 2. varmak (arrive), 3. olmak (become, happen), 4. götürmek, 5. anlamak (see, understand), 6. ettirmek, 7. yaptırmak, 8. getirmek (bring, fetch), 9. hazırlamak. ghost see 1. hayalet, 2. hortlak, 3. iz (trace, track, trail), 4. ruh (soul). giant see dev. gift see 1. hediye (present), 2. armağan (present), 3. hibe, 4. yetenek (ability, capability), 5. bağış. gill see solungaç. girl see 1. kız, 2. sevgili (beloved, dear, love). give see 1. vermek (grant), 2. esneklik. given see 1. verilmiş, 2. belirli (definite, specific). glad see 1. memnun (happy), 2. sevinçli, 3. hoşnut. glamorous see 1. büyüleyici (fascinating), 2. çekici. glass see 1. cam, 2. bardak, 3. kadeh, 4. mercek (lens), 5. ayna (mirror). glasses see gözlük (spectacles). global see 1. küresel, 2. evrensel (universal), 3. genel (general, public), 4. global. gloom see 1. karanlık, 2. sıkıntı, 3. hüzün, 4. kasvet. gloomy see 1. kasvetli, 2. karanlık, 3. loş, 4. sıkıcı (boring). glorious see 1. şanlı, 2. şerefli. glory see 1. şan, 2. şeref, 3. ihtişam, 4. görkem, 5. hale, 6. ün (fame). glossy see parlak (shiny). glow see 1. kızarmak, 2. şevk, 3. ateş (fire), 4. yanmak (burn). glucose see glikoz. go see 1. gitmek, 2. gidiş, 3. gitme, 4. girişim (interference). goal see 1. hedef (aim, destination, objective, target), 2. kale (castle), 3. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 4. gol, 5. erek (end), 6. gaye (aim). goalkeeper see kaleci. going see 1. gidiş, 2. gitme, 3. işleyen, 4. ayrılış. gold see 1. altın, 2. servet. golden see altın (gold).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish golf see golf. good see 1. iyi (fine, okay, well), 2. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 3. uslu, 4. sağlam, 5. yerinde, 6. yararlı, 7. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 8. fayda, 9. çok (many, much, very), 10. güvenilir. goodbye see allahaısmarladık. goodness see iyilik. goods see 1. eşya, 2. mal. gorgeous see 1. harika (wonderful), 2. muhteşem, 3. parlak (shiny). gossip see 1. dedikodu, 2. gevezelik. gothic see gotik. government see 1. hükümet (administration), 2. yönetim (administration, management), 3. yönetme, 4. devlet (state), 5. idare (management). governor see 1. patron (boss), 2. vali, 3. baba (dad, father), 4. yönetici (administrator, director, manager). gown see cüppe. grab see 1. kapmak, 2. kapma, 3. kavramak (grip), 4. kapış, 5. gasp. grace see 1. lütuf, 2. süslemek, 3. zarafet, 4. nezaket (courtesy), 5. şereflendirmek. grade see 1. derece (degree), 2. eğim, 3. sınıflandırmak (sort), 4. sınıf (class), 5. rütbe, 6. aşama, 7. basamak (step), 8. derecelendirmek. gradient see 1. eğim, 2. meyil, 3. irtifa. graduate see mezun. grain see 1. tane, 2. tahıl, 3. zerre. grammar see 1. dilbilgisi, 2. gramer. grand see 1. büyük (big, great, large, major), 2. muhteşem, 3. ulu, 4. baş (chief, head, master), 5. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 6. önemli (important, significant, substantial), 7. mükemmel (excellent). grandfather see 1. dede, 2. büyükbaba. grandmother see 1. büyükanne, 2. nine, 3. anneanne. granite see granit. grant see 1. vermek (give), 2. bağış, 3. bahşetmek, 4. onaylamak (accept, approve, confirm), 5. bağışlamak (excuse, forgive). graph see 1. grafik (chart), 2. çizge. graphic see 1. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 2. grafik (chart, graph). grasp see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2. anlamak (see, understand), 3. yakalamak (catch, grip, trap), 4. kavramak (grip), 5. kavrama. grass see 1. ot, 2. çimen, 3. otlak, 4. çayır, 5. çim, 6. otlamak, 7. marihuana, 8. esrar. grateful see 1. minnettar, 2. müteşekkir, 3. makbul. gratitude see 1. minnettarlık, 2. şükran. grave see 1. ağır (heavy, serious), 2. mezar. gravel see 1. çakıl, 2. şaşırtmak.

555

gravity see 1. ağırlık (weight), 2. önem, 3. yerçekimi. gray see gri (grey). great see 1. büyük (big, grand, large, major), 2. önemli (important, significant, substantial), 3. mükemmel (excellent). greatly see 1. adamakıllı, 2. çok (many, much, very). green see 1. yeşil, 2. ham (raw), 3. toy. greenhouse see 1. sera, 2. limonluk. grey see 1. gri (gray), 2. kır, 3. kırlaşmak, 4. ağarmak, 5. külrengi, 6. boz. grid see ızgara. grief see 1. keder, 2. acı (bitter, distress, sorrow), 3. üzüntü, 4. dert. grim see acımasız. grin see 1. sırıtmak, 2. sırıtma. grip see 1. kavramak, 2. yakalamak (catch, trap), 3. etkilemek, 4. kavrama, 5. sap (handle, stem), 6. kulp (handle), 7. çekmek (drag, draw, pull). gross see 1. brüt, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, rough), 3. şişko, 4. hantal. ground see 1. toprak (earth, land, soil), 2. yer (earth, location, place, seat, space), 3. zemin (floor), 4. saha (field), 5. topraklamak, 6. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation), 7. yeryüzü (earth), 8. çekilmiş. grounds see tortu. group see 1. grup (bunch, set), 2. küme (cluster), 3. gruplaşmak, 4. öbek, 5. topluluk (community), 6. heyet (committee). grow see 1. büyümek, 2. olmak (become, get, happen). growing see 1. büyüme (growth), 2. yetiştirme, 3. gelişme. growth see 1. büyüme, 2. gelişme, 3. ur, 4. ürün (crop, product). guarantee see 1. garanti, 2. teminat, 3. güvence (assurance), 4. kefil. guard see 1. bekçi, 2. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 3. nöbetçi, 4. gardiyan, 5. koruma (conservation, protection), 6. korunmak, 7. muhafız, 8. gard. guardian see 1. veli, 2. vasi, 3. gardiyan, 4. koruyucu, 5. muhafız. guess see 1. sanmak (suppose, think), 2. tahmin (forecast), 3. zannetmek, 4. sanı. guest see 1. konuk, 2. misafir, 3. davetli. guidance see rehberlik. guide see 1. rehber, 2. kılavuz. guilt see 1. suç (crime), 2. suçluluk. guilty see 1. suçlu, 2. kabahatli. guitar see gitar. gulf see 1. uçurum (cliff), 2. körfez, 3. girdap. gun see 1. tüfek (rifle), 2. top (ball), 3. tabanca, 4. silah (weapon).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

556

English - Turkish

gut see bağırsak. guy see 1. adam (fellow, man), 2. herif.

H habit see 1. alışkanlık, 2. âdet. hair see 1. saç, 2. kıl, 3. tüy (pile). half see 1. buçuk, 2. yarım, 3. yarı. hall see 1. hol, 2. koridor (corridor), 3. salon, 4. yemekhane. halt see 1. durma (stop), 2. durmak (cease, stand, stop), 3. duruş, 4. durdurmak (stop), 5. Dur. ham see jambon. hammer see 1. çekiç, 2. tokmak, 3. çekiçlemek. hand see 1. el, 2. alkış, 3. yardım (assistance, help), 4. parmak (finger), 5. uzatmak (extend, reach), 6. taraf, 7. ibre, 8. hevenk, 9. amele, 10. usta (skilled). handicap see engel (barrier). handkerchief see mendil. handle see 1. sap (stem), 2. kulp, 3. kabza, 4. tutamak, 5. kol (arm), 6. kullanmak (employ, use), 7. tutamaç, 8. dokunmak (touch), 9. ellemek. handling see dokunma (touch). handsome see 1. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, lovely, pretty), 2. yakışıklı, 3. cömert, 4. bol (abundant, ample). handy see 1. hazır, 2. kullanışlı, 3. pratik, 4. yakın (near). hang see 1. asmak, 2. asılmak. hanging see asma. happen see olmak (become, get). happening see 1. olay (event, fact, incident), 2. hadise. happily see mutlulukla. happiness see 1. mutluluk, 2. saadet. happy see 1. mutlu, 2. memnun (glad), 3. sevinçli, 4. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 5. mesut, 6. bahtiyar. harassment see usandırma. harbour see 1. liman (port), 2. barındırmak, 3. sığınak (refuge), 4. barınak. hard see 1. sert (harsh), 2. ağır (heavy, serious), 3. zor (difficult), 4. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 5. katı (solid), 6. zalim, 7. sıkı, 8. şiddetli (bitter), 9. merhametsiz, 10. çetin, 11. ekşi. hardly see ancak (barely, but, however, only, scarcely). hardship see 1. cefa, 2. sıkıntı. hardware see 1. donanım, 2. hırdavat. hardy see 1. dayanıklı, 2. güçlü, 3. atılgan.

harm see 1. zarar (loss), 2. kötülük (evil), 3. incitmek, 4. hasar, 5. ziyan. harmful see 1. muzır, 2. zararlı. harmless see zararsız. harmony see 1. ahenk (accord), 2. uyum, 3. armoni. harsh see 1. sert (hard), 2. haşin, 3. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough). harvest see 1. hasat, 2. biçmek, 3. ürün (crop, product), 4. harman, 5. semere, 6. sonuç (effect, outcome, result). hastily see alelacele. hat see şapka. hate see 1. nefret (hatred), 2. kin. hatred see 1. nefret (hate), 2. kin, 3. düşmanlık. have see almak (accept, buy, get, receive, take). hay see saman (straw). hazard see 1. tehlike (danger), 2. risk (risk), 3. şans. hazardous see tehlikeli (dangerous). he see 1. o, 2. erkek (male, man). head see 1. kafa, 2. baş (chief, master), 3. akıl (intelligence, mind), 4. kelle, 5. lider (leader), 6. tepe (hill), 7. zirve (height, peak, summit), 8. yönetmek, 9. tura, 10. konu (matter, subject, topic), 11. şef, 12. başkan (chairman, president), 13. reis. heading see 1. başlık, 2. konu (matter, subject, topic). headline see başlık (heading). health see sağlık. healthy see 1. sağlıklı, 2. sağlam. heap see 1. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 2. yığmak (stack), 3. küme (cluster, group). hear see 1. duymak, 2. işitmek, 3. dinlemek (listen), 4. öğrenmek (learn). hearing see 1. işitme, 2. oturum (session), 3. celse, 4. duruşma. heart see 1. kalp, 2. yürek, 3. gönül, 4. Kupa, 5. cesaret (courage). heat see 1. ısı, 2. sıcaklık, 3. ısınmak, 4. ısıtmak (warm), 5. öfke (anger), 6. kızmak, 7. kızgınlık (anger), 8. azma, 9. hararet. heater see 1. ısıtıcı, 2. tabanca. heath see funda. heating see ısıtma. heaven see cennet (paradise). heavy see 1. ağır (serious), 2. şiddetli (bitter), 3. üzücü, 4. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough), 5. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 6. fırtınalı, 7. ciddi (serious), 8. önemli (important, significant, substantial). hedge see 1. çit (fence), 2. engel (barrier). heel see 1. topuk, 2. ökçe. height see 1. yükseklik, 2. zirve (peak, summit), 3. doruk (peak, summit), 4. irtifa, 5. tepe (hill). heir see 1. mirasçı, 2. varis. helicopter see helikopter.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish hell see cehennem. hello see 1. merhaba (hi), 2. alo, 3. selam, 4. Hey. helmet see 1. kask, 2. başlık (heading), 3. miğfer, 4. tolga. help see 1. yardım (assistance), 2. imdat, 3. yardımcı (assistant), 4. muavenet, 5. hizmetçi, 6. çare, 7. muavin, 8. yardým, 9. kurtarmak (save). helpful see 1. faydalı, 2. yararlı, 3. yardımsever. helping see porsiyon (portion). helpless see 1. aciz, 2. çaresiz, 3. beceriksiz. hemisphere see yarıküre. hence see buradan. herd see sürü (flock). here see 1. burada, 2. buraya. heritage see miras. hero see 1. kahraman, 2. yiğit, 3. alp. heroic see kahramanca. heroin see eroin. hesitation see 1. duraksama, 2. tereddüt. hi see merhaba (hello). hidden see 1. gizli (confidential), 2. saklı. hide see 1. gizlemek, 2. saklanmak, 3. post (skin), 4. Gizle, 5. gizlenmek, 6. cilt (skin, volume), 7. saklamak (save, store), 8. deri (leather, skin). hiding see 1. dayak, 2. gizlenme, 3. saklanma. hierarchical see hiyerarşik. hierarchy see hiyerarşi. high see 1. yüksek (loud, tall), 2. yüce. highlight see vurgulamak. highly see çok (many, much, very). highway see 1. anayol, 2. karayolu, 3. otoyol. hill see 1. tepe, 2. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 3. yokuş. hillside see yamaç. hint see 1. ipucu, 2. çıtlatmak, 3. ima, 4. dokundurmak, 5. işaret (sign, signal). hip see kalça. hire see 1. kiralamak, 2. kiralama, 3. kira. historian see tarihçi. historic see 1. tarihi (historical), 2. önemli (important, significant, substantial), 3. tarihsel. historical see 1. tarihi, 2. tarihsel. history see 1. tarih (date), 2. geçmiş (past). hit see 1. vurmak, 2. isabet, 3. başarı (achievement, success), 4. vuruş (stroke), 5. darbe, 6. şans, 7. ulaşmak (reach), 8. varmak (arrive, get), 9. vurma, 10. çarpmak. hobby see 1. hobi, 2. merak (curiosity). hold see 1. tutmak (keep, retain), 2. tutma, 3. ambar (store, warehouse), 4. alıkoymak, 5. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 6. nüfuz, 7. tutuş. holder see 1. sahip (lord, owner), 2. hamil, 3. kulp (handle). holding see 1. mal, 2. tutma (hold).

557

hole see 1. delik, 2. çukur (pit), 3. oyuk, 4. boşluk (blank, gap, vacuum), 5. hücre (cell), 6. in. holiday see 1. tatil, 2. bayram. holland see Hollanda. holly see çobanpüskülü. holy see 1. kutsal (sacred), 2. mübarek. home see 1. ev (house), 2. yurt, 3. vatan, 4. yuva (nest), 5. eve, 6. evde. homework see ödev. homosexual see 1. homoseksüel, 2. eşcinsel. honest see 1. dürüst, 2. namuslu, 3. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 4. güvenilir. honestly see 1. gerçekten (indeed, really), 2. sahiden, 3. dürüstçe. honesty see 1. dürüstlük, 2. namus, 3. doğruluk (accuracy, truth), 4. gözlükotu. honey see 1. bal, 2. canım, 3. şekerim, 4. tatlım. honorary see 1. onursal, 2. fahri. honour see 1. onur, 2. şeref, 3. namus. honourable see 1. namuslu, 2. onurlu. hood see 1. başlık (heading), 2. kaput, 3. kukuleta. hook see 1. çengel, 2. kopça, 3. kanca, 4. çalmak (steal), 5. aşırmak (steal), 6. çengellemek. hope see 1. ummak, 2. umut, 3. ümit, 4. beklemek (expect, wait). hopeful see umutlu. hopefully see 1. inşallah, 2. umutla. hopeless see 1. umutsuz, 2. ümitsiz. horizon see ufuk. horizontal see 1. yatay (landscape), 2. düz (flat, plain, smooth, straight). horn see 1. boynuz, 2. korna, 3. boru (pipe, tube), 4. klakson. horrible see 1. korkunç (terrible), 2. berbat, 3. iğrenç. horror see 1. dehşet, 2. korku (apprehension, fear), 3. nefret (hate, hatred). horse see 1. at, 2. beygir, 3. aygır, 4. eroin. hospital see 1. hastane, 2. darülaceze. hospitality see 1. konukseverlik, 2. misafirperverlik. host see 1. hancı, 2. ordu (army), 3. otelci, 4. kalabalık. hostile see düşmanca. hostility see düşmanlık. hot see 1. sıcak (warm), 2. taze (fresh), 3. acı (bitter, distress, grief, sorrow), 4. şehvetli, 5. yeni (new, novel), 6. şiddetli (bitter), 7. sert (hard, harsh), 8. kızgın (angry), 9. ateşli. hotel see otel. hour see 1. saat (clock, o'clock, time), 2. vakit, 3. zaman (time). house see 1. ev (home), 2. mesken, 3. aile (family), 4. barındırmak, 5. konut. housing see evler.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

558

English - Turkish

how see 1. nasıl, 2. ne. however see ancak (barely, but, hardly, only, scarcely). huge see 1. kocaman, 2. muazzam. hull see 1. gövde (body), 2. tekne. human see 1. insan (man), 2. insani. humanity see 1. insanlık, 2. insan (man). humble see alçakgönüllü (modest). humour see 1. mizaç, 2. mizah, 3. güldürü, 4. huy, 5. keyif, 6. komiklik, 7. salgı, 8. gülünçlük. hundred see yüz (face). hunger see 1. açlık, 2. acıkmak, 3. özlem. hungry see aç. hunt see 1. avlamak, 2. av, 3. avlanmak, 4. aramak (search, seek). hunter see avcı. hurricane see kasırga. hurried see 1. acele, 2. telaşlı. hurry see 1. acele, 2. telaş. hurt see 1. acımak (pity), 2. acıtmak, 3. ağrımak, 4. incitmek. husband see 1. koca, 2. eş (match, wife). hut see kulübe (cabin, cottage). hydrogen see hidrojen. hypothesis see 1. hipotez, 2. kuram (theory), 3. varsayım.

I ice see 1. buz, 2. dondurma, 3. dondurmak, 4. pırlanta. icy see buzlu. idea see 1. fikir (conception, opinion), 2. düşünce. ideal see 1. ideal, 2. ülkü. identical see 1. özdeş, 2. tıpkı, 3. aynı (same). identification see 1. kimlik (identity), 2. tanıma (recognition), 3. teşhis, 4. hüviyet. identifier see tanıtıcı. identity see 1. kimlik (identification), 2. özdeşlik, 3. aynılık, 4. benzerlik (analogy, similarity), 5. hüviyet. ideology see ideoloji. idiot see 1. aptal, 2. ahmak (stupid). idle see 1. aylak, 2. boş (blank, empty, free, vacant). if see 1. eğer, 2. ise. ignorance see 1. cehalet, 2. bilgisizlik, 3. cahillik. ignorant see 1. cahil, 2. bilgisiz. ignore see 1. yoksaymak, 2. aldırmamak. ill see 1. hasta (sick), 2. kötü (bad, evil, poor), 3. kötülük (evil), 4. zararlı, 5. rahatsız, 6. hastalık, 7. güçlükle, 8. fena (evil, poor), 9. rahatsızlık. illegal see 1. geçersiz, 2. illegal, 3. kanunsuz, 4. yasadışı.

illness see hastalık. illusion see 1. yanılsama, 2. hayal. illustrate see 1. tanımlamak (define), 2. resimlemek. illustration see 1. örnek (example, model, sample), 2. resim (image, painting, picture). image see 1. görüntü (picture), 2. resim (painting, picture), 3. put, 4. imge, 5. imaj, 6. heykel (statue), 7. hayal, 8. şekil (figure, shape), 9. kopya (copy). imaginary see 1. sanal (virtual), 2. hayali. imagination see 1. imgelem, 2. hayal, 3. kuruntu. imaginative see yaratıcı. imitation see 1. taklit (false), 2. imitasyon, 3. suni. immediate see 1. acil (pressing, urgent), 2. Hemen (immediately), 3. şimdiki, 4. yakın (near). immediately see 1. hemen, 2. derhal. immigration see göç. immune see 1. bağışık, 2. muaf. immunity see 1. bağışıklık, 2. dokunulmazlık, 3. muafiyet. impact see 1. etki (action, effect, influence), 2. çarpışma (collision), 3. çarpma, 4. vuruş (stroke). impatient see 1. sabırsız, 2. tahammülsüz. impetus see 1. hız (speed), 2. şiddet (violence). implement see 1. alet (instrument, tool), 2. araç (instrument, means, tool), 3. tamamlamak (complete), 4. gerçekleştirmek (realize), 5. uygulamak (apply). implementation see 1. uygulama (application), 2. gerçekleştirme. implication see 1. içerme, 2. ima, 3. karıştırma, 4. bulaştırma. implicit see 1. kesin (definite), 2. örtük, 3. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very). implied see örtük. import see 1. önem, 2. ithalat, 3. anlam (meaning, sense, significance), 4. belirtmek (specify), 5. ithal. importance see 1. önem, 2. ehemmiyet, 3. itibar. important see 1. önemli (significant, substantial), 2. mühim, 3. kibirli (arrogant), 4. nüfuzlu. imposing see 1. heybetli, 2. azametli, 3. etkileyici. imposition see 1. aldatma, 2. vergi (tax), 3. yükleme. impossible see 1. çekilmez, 2. olanaksız. impress see 1. etkilemek, 2. iz (trace, track, trail), 3. damga (seal, stamp), 4. kamulaştırmak. impression see 1. izlenim, 2. baskı, 3. etki (action, effect, impact, influence). impressive see etkileyici. imprisonment see hapsetme. improve see 1. gelişmek, 2. geliştirmek, 3. düzeltmek, 4. düzelmek, 5. ilerletmek (advance). improved see iyileştirilmiş.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish improvement see 1. gelişme, 2. ilerleme (advance, advancement). impulse see 1. dürtü, 2. içtepi, 3. itme. in see 1. içinde (within), 2. moda (fashion), 3. içeri, 4. içeriye. inadequate see 1. yetersiz (insufficient), 2. eksik (missing). incapable see 1. yeteneksiz, 2. ehliyetsiz, 3. kabiliyetsiz. incentive see 1. güdü (motivation, motive), 2. dürtü. inch see 1. inç, 2. parmak (finger). incidence see isabet (hit). incident see 1. olay (event, fact), 2. hadise. incidentally see tesadüfen. inclination see 1. eğilim (trend), 2. eğiklik, 3. eğim, 4. heves, 5. meyil. inclined see 1. meyilli, 2. eğik, 3. eğilimli, 4. yatkın. include see 1. içermek, 2. kapsamak, 3. katmak. included see 1. dahil, 2. içinde (within). including see dahil. inclusion see kapsama. income see 1. gelir, 2. kazanç (gain, proceeds). incomplete see 1. bitmemiş, 2. eksik (missing), 3. kusurlu (defective). inconsistent see 1. tutarsız, 2. kararsız, 3. aykırı, 4. uyuşmaz. incorporated see anonim (anonymous). incorrect see 1. yanlış (false), 2. hatalı. increase see 1. artırmak, 2. artış, 3. artmak, 4. artma, 5. çoğaltmak, 6. çoğalmak, 7. yükseltmek (raise), 8. çoğalma, 9. büyüme (growth), 10. büyümek. incredible see inanılmaz. indeed see 1. gerçekten (really), 2. hakikaten, 3. doğrusu, 4. cidden. indemnity see tazminat. independence see 1. bağımsızlık, 2. hürriyet, 3. serbestlik. independent see 1. bağımsız, 2. serbest (free), 3. hür, 4. özgür (free). index see 1. indeks, 2. dizin, 3. gösterge (indicator), 4. işaret (sign, signal), 5. fihrist. indicate see 1. göstermek (point, represent, show), 2. belirtmek (specify), 3. imlemek. indication see 1. işaret (sign, signal), 2. belirti (symptom), 3. gösterme. indicator see 1. gösterge, 2. Belirteç, 3. indikatör. indifference see 1. ilgisizlik, 2. aldırmazlık, 3. kayıtsızlık, 4. duygusuzluk, 5. hissizlik. indifferent see 1. ilgisiz, 2. kayıtsız, 3. farksız, 4. vasat, 5. aldırışsız, 6. önemsiz (minor, trivial). indigenous see yerli. indirect see 1. dolaylı, 2. dolambaçlı. individual see 1. bireysel, 2. birey, 3. tek (odd, single, unique), 4. özel (particular, private,

559

special), 5. şahıs (person), 6. fert, 7. kişisel (personal), 8. kişi (person). indoor see dahili. induce see kandırmak. induction see tümevarım. industrial see endüstriyel. industry see 1. endüstri, 2. sanayi, 3. çalışkanlık, 4. gayret (effort). ineffective see 1. etkisiz, 2. kabiliyetsiz, 3. sonuçsuz. inefficient see 1. etkisiz (ineffective), 2. verimsiz, 3. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient), 4. tesirsiz, 5. ehliyetsiz. inequality see 1. farklılık, 2. eşitsizlik. inevitable see 1. çaresiz, 2. kaçınılmaz. inexperienced see 1. acemi, 2. deneyimsiz, 3. tecrübesiz. infant see 1. çocuk (child, youngster), 2. bebek (baby, doll). infantry see piyade. infection see 1. enfeksiyon, 2. bulaşma, 3. bulaştırma. inferior see 1. alt (bottom), 2. aşağı (below, down). infinite see 1. sonsuz (endless), 2. sınırsız. infinitive see mastar. inflation see 1. enflasyon, 2. şişkinlik. influence see 1. etki (action, effect, impact), 2. etkilemek, 3. nüfuz, 4. tesir, 5. torpil. influential see etkili. inform see bildirmek. informal see teklifsiz. information see 1. bilgi (knowledge), 2. enformasyon, 3. danışma, 4. haber, 5. malumat. informed see 1. bilgili, 2. haberdar, 3. tahsilli. infrastructure see altyapı. inherent see içsel. inheritance see 1. kalıt, 2. miras, 3. kalıtım. inhibition see 1. çekingenlik, 2. engelleme. initial see 1. ilk (first, preliminary), 2. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start). initially see başlangıçta. initiative see 1. girişim (interference), 2. başlatan. injection see enjeksiyon. injured see yaralı. injury see 1. hasar, 2. yara, 3. zarar (loss), 4. ziyan. injustice see 1. adaletsizlik, 2. insafsızlık, 3. haksızlık. ink see 1. mürekkep, 2. mürekkeplemek. inland see iç (inner, inside, internal). inn see 1. han, 2. otel (hotel). inner see 1. iç (inside, internal), 2. dahili, 3. gizli (confidential, hidden). innocence see 1. saflık (purity), 2. suçsuzluk, 3. günahsızlık.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

560

English - Turkish

innocent see 1. masum, 2. saf (absolute, clean, pure), 3. suçsuz, 4. zararsız, 5. günahsız. innovation see 1. yenilik, 2. icat. input see 1. girdi, 2. giriş (access, entry, introduction), 3. giriþ. inquest see tahkikat. inquiry see 1. sorgu, 2. soruşturma, 3. araştırma (investigation, research). insect see 1. böcek, 2. haşere. inside see 1. iç (inner, internal), 2. içerisi, 3. içinde (within). insight see 1. kavrama, 2. anlayış (apprehension). insist see dayatmak. insistence see ısrar. inspect see 1. Denetlemek (audit, check, control), 2. yoklamak. inspection see 1. denetleme, 2. yoklama, 3. kontrol (control), 4. teftiş, 5. denetim (check, control), 6. muayene (examination). inspector see 1. müfettiş, 2. denetçi (supervisor). inspiration see 1. esin, 2. ilham. instability see 1. kararsızlık, 2. dengesizlik. install see 1. kurmak (build, found), 2. yüklemek (load), 3. yerleştirmek. installation see 1. kurma, 2. tesisat, 3. kuruluş. instance see örnek (example, model, sample). instant see 1. an (moment), 2. dakika (minute), 3. lahza. instantly see 1. hemen (immediately), 2. derhal. instinct see içgüdü. institute see 1. enstitü, 2. kurmak (build, found, install), 3. atamak, 4. kuruluş, 5. kurum. institution see 1. kurma, 2. kuruluş, 3. kurum, 4. hapishane (jail), 5. dernek (association), 6. tesis, 7. tımarhane. instruction see 1. yönerge (directive), 2. talimat, 3. eğitim (education, training), 4. komut (command), 5. direktif, 6. öğretim. instructions see talimat (instruction). instructor see 1. eğitmen, 2. öğretmen (teacher). instrument see 1. alet (implement, tool), 2. araç (implement, means, tool), 3. aygıt (device), 4. çalgı, 5. senet, 6. belge (document), 7. enstrüman. instrumental see enstrümantal. insufficient see 1. yetersiz (inadequate), 2. eksik (missing). insulation see 1. izolasyon, 2. yalıtım. insulin see ensülin. insurance see 1. sigorta, 2. sigortalama. intact see 1. dokunulmamış, 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. bozulmamış. intake see giriş (access, entry, input, introduction). integral see 1. bütün (all, entire, whole), 2. tümlev, 3. tamamlayıcı, 4. yekpare.

integrate see 1. tümlemek, 2. bütünlemek, 3. katmak, 4. tamamlamak (complete). integration see tümlevleme. integrity see 1. bütünlük, 2. dürüstlük (honesty), 3. doğruluk (accuracy, truth). intellectual see 1. aydın, 2. akli, 3. entellektüel, 4. zihinsel. intelligence see 1. akıl (mind), 2. zeka, 3. istihbarat, 4. bilgi (information, knowledge), 5. akıllılık, 6. anlak, 7. anlayış (apprehension). intelligent see 1. akıllı (wise), 2. zeki, 3. kabiliyetli, 4. usta (skilled), 5. yetenekli. intend see 1. amaçlamak, 2. tasarlamak (design), 3. kastetmek. intended see nişanlı. intense see 1. kuvvetli, 2. şiddetli (bitter). intensity see 1. yoğunluk (density), 2. şiddet (violence), 3. koyuluk. intent see 1. amaç (aim, object, objective, purpose, target), 2. niyet (intention, purpose), 3. kasıt (intention), 4. maksat (intention, purpose), 5. dikkatli (careful), 6. istekli, 7. niyetli. intention see 1. kasıt, 2. maksat (purpose), 3. niyet (intent, purpose), 4. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target). interaction see etkileşim. interactive see etkileşimli. intercourse see görüşme. interest see 1. faiz, 2. ilgi (reference), 3. ilgilendirmek, 4. merak (curiosity), 5. alaka, 6. çıkar. interested see 1. alakalı, 2. ilgili, 3. meraklı, 4. alakadar. interesting see ilginç. interface see 1. arabirim, 2. arayüz. interfere see karışmak. interference see 1. karışma, 2. girişim, 3. parazit, 4. engelleme. interim see 1. geçici (passing, temporary, tentative), 2. ara (intermediate). interior see iç (inner, inside, internal). intermediate see 1. ara, 2. orta (medium, middle), 3. aracı. internal see 1. iç (inner, inside), 2. dahili. international see 1. uluslararası, 2. milletlerarası. interpret see yorumlamak. interpretation see 1. yorum (comment), 2. açıklama (explanation), 3. çeviri (version), 4. tefsir, 5. tercüme. interrupted see 1. kesik, 2. kesilmiş. interval see 1. aralık (gap, space), 2. süre (duration, time), 3. ara (intermediate), 4. mesafe. intervene see 1. geçmek (pass), 2. karışmak. intervention see 1. müdahale, 2. aracılık, 3. karışma (interference). interview see 1. röportaj, 2. görüşmek, 3. görüşme.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish intimate see 1. kişisel (personal), 2. özel (particular, private, special), 3. samimi, 4. yakın (near). intolerable see 1. çekilmez, 2. dayanılmaz. intricate see 1. karmakarışık, 2. girift. intrinsic see 1. esas, 2. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 3. iç (inner, inside, internal). introduce see 1. başlamak (begin, start), 2. tanıştırmak, 3. tanıtmak, 4. öğretmek. introduction see 1. giriş (access, entry, input), 2. tanıştırma, 3. takdim, 4. önsöz, 5. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start), 6. tanıtım, 7. tanıtma. invasion see 1. akın, 2. istila, 3. saldırı (aggression). invention see 1. buluş, 2. icat, 3. bulma (find), 4. yalan (lie), 5. uydurma (fiction). inventory see 1. envanter, 2. stok (store). invest see kuşatmak. investigate see 1. araştırmak (explore, research), 2. incelemek, 3. soruşturmak. investigation see 1. araştırma (research), 2. soruşturma (inquiry), 3. inceleme, 4. teftiş. investment see 1. yatırım, 2. abluka, 3. kuşatma (siege). investor see yatırımcı. invisible see 1. görünmeyen, 2. görünmez, 3. Gizli (confidential, hidden). invitation see 1. davet, 2. çağrı (call). invite see çağırmak (call). inviting see çekici. involve see 1. gerektirmek, 2. karıştırmak. involved see ilgili. involvement see ilgi (interest, reference). iris see iris. iron see 1. demir, 2. ütü, 3. ütülemek. irony see alay (regiment). irrational see 1. akılsız (foolish), 2. irrasyonel, 3. mantıksız, 4. saçma (absurd). irregular see 1. çarpık, 2. düzensiz, 3. kuralsız, 4. usulsüz. irrelevant see 1. ilgisiz (indifferent), 2. yersiz. irritation see 1. kızgınlık (anger), 2. öfke (anger), 3. sinirlendirme. island see ada. isle see ada (island). isolated see yalıtılmış. isolation see 1. tecrit, 2. izolasyon, 3. yalnızlık, 4. ayırma. issue see 1. sorun (problem), 2. mesele (affair, matter, question), 3. problem (problem), 4. yayınlamak, 5. yayın (publication), 6. sonuç (effect, outcome, result), 7. sayı (number), 8. dağıtmak, 9. çocuklar, 10. çıkış (exit), 11. son (end, final, finish, last). item see 1. parça (component, part, piece, portion, segment), 2. kalem (pen), 3. madde (matter), 4. öğe, 5. adet.

561

ivory see fildişi.

J jack see 1. priz, 2. kriko. jacket see 1. ceket, 2. gömlek (shirt). jail see 1. hapishane, 2. hapsetmek, 3. cezaevi (prison). jam see 1. reçel, 2. sıkışıklık, 3. sıkışmak, 4. tıkamak (block), 5. sıkıştırmak, 6. tıkanıklık, 7. izdiham. jar see 1. kavanoz, 2. sarsmak, 3. sarsıntı, 4. gıcırtı, 5. şok (shock). jaw see çene (chin). jay see alakarga. jazz see caz. jealous see kıskanç. jealousy see 1. kıskançlık, 2. haset. jeans see blucin. jelly see 1. jöle, 2. pelte. jet see fışkırtmak. jewellery see 1. mücevherat, 2. kuyumculuk. job see 1. iş (action, affair, deed, work), 2. görev (task), 3. meslek, 4. kiralamak. jockey see jokey. join see 1. birleştirmek, 2. birleşmek, 3. bağlamak (link, tie), 4. katılmak. joint see 1. mafsal, 2. ortak (common, mutual, partner), 3. birleşik, 4. eklem, 5. eklemek (add), 6. batakhane, 7. müşterek, 8. bitiştirmek, 9. birleştirmek (join). jointly see ortaklaşa. joke see 1. fıkra, 2. şaka. journal see 1. günlük (daily), 2. dergi (magazine), 3. gazete (newspaper). journalism see gazetecilik. journalist see gazeteci. journey see 1. seyahat, 2. yolculuk, 3. gezi (trip), 4. mesafe, 5. sefer. joy see 1. sevinç, 2. keyif, 3. neşe. judge see 1. hakem (referee), 2. yargıç, 3. yargılamak, 4. hakim. judgement see 1. hüküm (provision), 2. karar (decision), 3. yargı. judicial see 1. adli, 2. hukuki. jug see 1. sürahi, 2. testi, 3. kodes. juice see 1. özsu, 2. elektrik (electricity). jump see 1. atlamak, 2. atlama, 3. sıçrama, 4. sıçramak, 5. fırlama, 6. zıplama, 7. zıplamak. jumping see 1. atlama (jump), 2. sıçrama. junction see kavşak. jungle see karışıklık. junior see ast. jury see jüri.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

562

English - Turkish

just see 1. adil, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely), 3. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 4. sadece, 5. dürüst (honest), 6. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7. henüz (yet), 8. haklı. justice see 1. adalet (equity), 2. yargıç, 3. doğruluk (accuracy, truth), 4. dürüstlük (honesty), 5. hak. justification see 1. gerekçeleme, 2. yaslama, 3. gerekçe. justify see yaslamak.

K keen see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. hevesli. keep see 1. tutmak (hold, retain), 2. alıkoymak, 3. geçim, 4. yiyecek (food), 5. saklamak (save, store), 6. bulundurmak, 7. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 8. kale (castle, goal). keeper see 1. bekçi (guard), 2. bakıcı, 3. muhafız. keeping see koruma (conservation, protection). kettle see çaydanlık. key see 1. anahtar (switch), 2. tuş, 3. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal). keyboard see klavye. khan see han. kick see 1. tekme, 2. tekmelemek, 3. tepmek. kid see 1. çocuk (child, infant, youngster), 2. takılmak, 3. oğlak, 4. küçük (minor, small). kidney see 1. böbrek, 2. huy, 3. tabiat. kill see öldürmek. killer see katil. killing see öldürme. kin see 1. akraba, 2. hısım. kind see 1. tür (species, type), 2. çeşit, 3. cins, 4. müşfik, 5. nazik. kindness see 1. iyilik, 2. nezaket (courtesy), 3. şefkat, 4. sevecenlik. king see kral. kingdom see 1. alem, 2. kraliyet, 3. krallık. kiss see 1. öpücük, 2. öpmek, 3. buse. kit see 1. avadanlık, 2. takım (set, team). kitchen see mutfak. kite see 1. uçurtma, 2. çaylak, 3. uçak (aeroplane, aircraft, plane). knee see diz. knife see 1. bıçak, 2. bıçaklamak. knight see 1. at (horse), 2. şövalye. knitting see 1. örgü, 2. örme. knock see 1. vurmak (hit), 2. vurma, 3. darbe. knot see 1. düğüm (node), 2. boğum (node), 3. düğümlemek. know see 1. bilmek, 2. tanımak. knowing see kurnaz.

knowledge see 1. bilgi (information), 2. malumat. known see bilinen.

L label see 1. etiket, 2. etiketlemek, 3. marka, 4. sınıflandırmak (sort), 5. yafta. laboratory see laboratuvar. labour see 1. emek, 2. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 3. çalışmak (work), 4. çalışma (work). lace see 1. dantel, 2. bağ (bond, connection, link), 3. bağcık, 4. dantela. lack see 1. eksiklik (deficiency), 2. noksan, 3. yokluk (absence). lacking see 1. eksik (missing), 2. yok (absent). lad see delikanlı (youngster). ladder see merdiven (staircase). lady see 1. bayan (madam, miss), 2. hanımefendi, 3. hanım, 4. kadın (woman). lake see göl (loch). lamb see 1. kuzu, 2. kuzulamak. lamp see 1. lamba, 2. fener. land see 1. toprak (earth, ground, soil), 2. arazi, 3. arsa (plot), 4. arz, 5. ülke (country), 6. memleket, 7. kara, 8. düşmek (fall), 9. diyar, 10. vurmak (hit). landing see 1. iniş (descent), 2. iskele. landscape see 1. peyzaj, 2. yatay (horizontal), 3. manzara (view). lane see 1. kulvar, 2. rota (route). language see 1. dil (tongue), 2. lisan. lap see 1. kucak, 2. tur, 3. dolamak, 4. etap, 5. etek (skirt), 6. şapırdatmak, 7. şapırtı, 8. sarmak (wind). large see 1. büyük (big, grand, great, major), 2. geniş (wide), 3. iri, 4. çok (many, much, very), 5. bol (abundant, ample). laser see lazer. last see 1. son (end, final, finish), 2. sürmek (drive), 3. geçen, 4. sonuncu, 5. dayanmak, 6. bozulmamak. late see 1. geç, 2. gecikmiş, 3. son (end, final, finish, last), 4. sabık, 5. eski (former, old). lately see geçenlerde. latent see gizli (confidential, hidden). later see sonra (after, afterwards). latter see 1. sonraki (next), 2. ikincisi, 3. son (end, final, finish, last). laugh see 1. gülmek, 2. gülüş, 3. kahkaha. laughter see 1. kahkaha, 2. gülme, 3. gülüş. launch see 1. başlatmak (start), 2. fırlatmak. laundry see 1. çamaşırhane, 2. çamaşır. lavatory see 1. tuvalet (bathroom, toilet), 2. hela.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish law see 1. kanun, 2. hukuk, 3. yasa (statute), 4. kural (rule, statute). lawful see 1. yasal (legal), 2. meşru, 3. kanuni. lawn see 1. çimenlik, 2. çim. lawyer see 1. avukat (attorney, counsel, solicitor), 2. hukukçu. lay see 1. sermek, 2. yumurtlamak, 3. yaymak (spread), 4. yüklemek (load), 5. yerleştirmek, 6. yatırmak, 7. dizmek, 8. koymak (put), 9. hazırlamak, 10. yatıştırmak. layer see 1. katman, 2. kat (multiple), 3. tabaka. layout see 1. düzen (order), 2. yerleşim, 3. düzenleme, 4. plan. lazy see 1. tembel, 2. ağır (heavy, serious), 3. uyuşuk. lead see 1. yönetmek, 2. kurşun, 3. kılavuzluk, 4. rehberlik, 5. iskandil, 6. götürmek, 7. etkilemek, 8. öncülük. leader see 1. lider, 2. baş (chief, head, master), 3. öncü, 4. önder. leadership see 1. liderlik, 2. önderlik. leading see ana (chief, main, major, master, principal). leaf see yaprak (sheet). leaflet see broşür. league see 1. dernek (association), 2. lig. lean see 1. dayanmak, 2. eğilmek, 3. yağsız. learn see öğrenmek. learned see 1. bilgili, 2. alim. learning see 1. ilim, 2. bilgi (information, knowledge), 3. öğrenme. lease see 1. kiralama, 2. kiralamak. least see asgari. leather see 1. deri (skin), 2. kösele, 3. meşin. leave see 1. bırakmak, 2. izin (permission, permit), 3. terketmek, 4. ayrılmak, 5. veda (farewell), 6. kalkmak, 7. müsaade, 8. ruhsat, 9. vazgeçmek. leaving see ayrılma (separation). lecture see 1. azarlamak, 2. konferans, 3. paylama, 4. azarlama. lecturer see okutman. left see 1. sol, 2. solda, 3. Sola. leg see 1. bacak, 2. ayak (foot). legacy see miras. legal see 1. yasal, 2. adli, 3. hukuki, 4. kanuni, 5. tüzel. legend see 1. efsane, 2. gösterge (indicator). legislation see 1. mevzuat, 2. yasama. legitimacy see meşruluk. legitimate see yasal (legal). lemon see limon. lend see vermek (give, grant). length see 1. uzunluk, 2. boy, 3. süre (duration, time). lens see 1. mercek, 2. objektif (objective).

563

lesson see 1. ders, 2. ibret. let see 1. bırakmak (leave), 2. engel (barrier). lethal see öldürücü. letter see 1. mektup, 2. harf. level see 1. düzey, 2. düz (flat, plain, smooth, straight), 3. düzlük, 4. seviye, 5. düzeltmek, 6. dengeli (balanced), 7. derece (degree, grade), 8. yıkmak, 9. yüzey (surface). lexicon see sözlük (dictionary). liability see sorumluluk (responsibility). liable see 1. sorumlu, 2. yükümlü, 3. olası. liaison see irtibat. liberal see 1. cömert, 2. liberal, 3. bol (abundant, ample), 4. serbest (free). liberation see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2. azat, 3. kurtuluş. liberty see 1. özgürlük (freedom), 2. izin (permission, permit), 3. hürriyet. librarian see kütüphaneci. library see 1. kütüphane, 2. kitaplık. licence see 1. lisans, 2. ruhsat, 3. izin (permission, permit), 4. ehliyet. lid see kapak. lie see 1. yalan, 2. yatmak, 3. uzanmak. life see 1. hayat, 2. can, 3. yaşam, 4. canlılık, 5. ömür (lifetime). lifetime see ömür. lift see 1. asansör, 2. kaldırmak (remove), 3. çalmak (steal), 4. yükseltme, 5. yürütmek, 6. kaldırma, 7. yardım (assistance, help), 8. yükseltmek (raise). lifting see kaldırma. light see 1. ışık, 2. hafif, 3. açık (clear, explicit, free, open, plain, shortage), 4. aydınlatmak, 5. aydınlık, 6. nur, 7. yakmak (burn), 8. yanmak (burn), 9. yumuşak, 10. konmak, 11. inmek, 12. lamba (lamp). lighter see çakmak. lighting see 1. yakma, 2. aydınlatma, 3. ışıklandırma. lightly see 1. hafifçe, 2. hafif (light). lightning see 1. yıldırım, 2. şimşek. like see 1. benzer (analogous), 2. sevmek (love), 3. beğenmek (enjoy), 4. hoşlanmak, 5. gibi (as). likelihood see 1. olabilirlik, 2. olasılık. likely see muhtemel. likewise see keza. lily see zambak. limb see 1. kol (arm), 2. aza. lime see kireç. limestone see kalker. limit see 1. sınır (border, boundary), 2. had, 3. kısıtlamak, 4. limit, 5. sınırlandırmak, 6. uç. limitation see sınırlama. limited see 1. sınırlı, 2. kısıtlı.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

564

English - Turkish

line see 1. çizgi, 2. hat, 3. satır, 4. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 5. sicim (string), 6. yol (path, road, route, way), 7. ip (rope, string), 8. desen (pattern), 9. astarlamak, 10. kaplamak, 11. şekil (figure, shape). linear see 1. doğrusal, 2. çizgisel. linguistic see dilbilimsel. linguistics see dilbilim. link see 1. bağ (bond, connection), 2. bağlantı (connection), 3. bağlamak (tie), 4. baðlamak, 5. baðlantý. lion see aslan. lip see 1. dudak, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin, side, verge). liquid see 1. sıvı, 2. akıcı (fluid), 3. berrak (clear). liquidity see likidite. list see 1. liste, 2. listelemek. listen see dinlemek. listening see dinleme. literary see edebi. literature see 1. edebiyat, 2. yazın, 3. literatür. litre see litre. litter see 1. çöp, 2. sedye, 3. tahtırevan, 4. döküntü. little see 1. az (few), 2. küçük (minor, small), 3. ufak. live see 1. yaşamak, 2. oturmak (sit), 3. canlı (alive, lively, living), 4. diri, 5. patlamamış, 6. parlak (shiny). lively see 1. canlı (alive, live, living), 2. neşeli, 3. parlak (shiny). liver see karaciğer. livestock see mal. living see 1. canlı (alive, live, lively), 2. yaşayan, 3. yaşama, 4. sağ (right), 5. geçim, 6. geçinme. load see 1. yük, 2. yüklemek, 3. şarj, 4. doldurmak (fill). loaded see 1. yüklü, 2. dolu (full), 3. sarhoş. lobby see lobi. local see 1. yerel, 2. lokal, 3. yerli, 4. yöresel. locality see yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space). locate see yerleştirmek. location see 1. yer (earth, ground, place, seat, space), 2. Konum (position), 3. mevki. loch see göl (lake). lock see 1. kilit, 2. kilitlemek, 3. bukle. locked see kilitli. locomotive see lokomotif (engine). lodge see loca. log see 1. kütük, 2. tomruk, 3. parakete, 4. logaritma, 5. günlük (daily, journal). logic see mantık. logical see 1. mantıklı, 2. mantıksal. logo see logo. loneliness see yalnızlık.

lonely see 1. yalnız (alone), 2. ıssız. long see uzun (tall). look see 1. bakmak (maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 2. bakış (view), 3. bakma, 4. görünmek (appear), 5. görünüş, 6. nazar, 7. benzemek, 8. görmek (see). loop see 1. döngü, 2. ilmik, 3. ilmek. loose see 1. gevşek, 2. salıvermek, 3. şüpheli, 4. başıboş, 5. bol (abundant, ample), 6. dağınık, 7. hafifmeşrep. lord see 1. sahip (owner), 2. lord, 3. efendi, 4. Allah, 5. hükümdar, 6. Rab, 7. Tanrı, 8. bey (gentleman). lordship see üstünlük (advantage). lorry see kamyon. lose see 1. kaybetmek, 2. kaçırmak, 3. kaybolmak, 4. yenilmek, 5. yitirmek, 6. azıtmak. loss see 1. kayıp, 2. zarar, 3. ziyan. lost see 1. kayıp (loss), 2. mahvolmuş, 3. dalgın, 4. kaybolmuş. lot see 1. parti, 2. arsa (plot), 3. kısmet. lotus see 1. Lotus, 2. nilüfer. loud see 1. yüksek (high, tall), 2. gürültülü (noisy). lounge see 1. salon, 2. şezlong, 3. divan. love see 1. sevgi (affection), 2. aşk, 3. sevmek (like), 4. sevgili (beloved, dear), 5. dost (friend), 6. muhabbet, 7. sevi. lovely see 1. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, pretty), 2. hoş (pleasant), 3. sevimli. lover see 1. aşık, 2. dost (friend), 3. sevgili (beloved, dear, love). loving see seven. low see 1. alçak (base), 2. düşük, 3. ucuz (cheap), 4. zayıf, 5. pes, 6. az (few, little), 7. adi (common), 8. karamsar, 9. bodur (short). lower see 1. Alt (bottom), 2. indirmek. loyal see 1. sadık, 2. vefalı. loyalty see sadakat. luck see 1. talih, 2. baht, 3. şans. lucky see 1. şanslı, 2. uğurlu, 3. talihli. luggage see bagaj. lump see 1. yumru, 2. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 3. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 4. topak, 5. yığmak (stack), 6. küme (cluster, group), 7. şiş. lung see akciğer. luxurious see lüks. luxury see lüks. lying see yalancılık.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish

M ma see anne (mother). machine see 1. makine (engine), 2. mekanizma (mechanism). machinery see 1. mekanizma (mechanism), 2. makineler. mad see 1. çılgın, 2. deli (crazy), 3. kudurmuş, 4. kuduz. madam see bayan (lady, miss). made see yapılmış. madness see 1. çılgınlık, 2. delilik. magazine see 1. dergi, 2. depo (store), 3. magazin, 4. şarjör. magic see 1. büyücülük, 2. sihir, 3. büyü, 4. sihirbazlık. magical see büyülü. magnetic see 1. manyetik, 2. çekici. magnificent see 1. görkemli (splendid), 2. muhteşem. magnitude see 1. büyüklük (size), 2. önem. mahogany see maun. maid see hizmetçi. mail see 1. posta (post), 2. postalamak, 3. zırh. main see 1. ana (chief, major, master, principal), 2. asıl, 3. başlıca, 4. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation). mainframe see anabilgisayar. mainly see başlıca. maintain see 1. bakmak (look, refer, regard, view, watch), 2. korumak (protect, shield), 3. sürdürmek (continue). maintenance see 1. bakım, 2. nafaka. majesty see 1. heybet, 2. görkem, 3. haşmet. major see 1. büyük (big, grand, great, large), 2. ana (chief, main, master, principal), 3. majör, 4. binbaşı, 5. başlıca. majority see 1. çoğunluk, 2. ekseriyet, 3. reşitlik, 4. rüşt. make see 1. yapmak (do, fulfil, perform), 2. etmek (do), 3. marka, 4. biçim (form, format, shape), 5. yapı (structure), 6. yaptırmak, 7. sağlamak, 8. verim (efficiency, yield). male see erkek (man). man see 1. adam (fellow, guy), 2. erkek (male), 3. insan, 4. uşak, 5. kişi (person). manage see 1. geçinmek, 2. yönetmek. management see 1. yönetim (administration, government), 2. idare. manager see 1. yönetici (administrator, director), 2. müdür (director), 3. yönetmen, 4. idareci. managerial see 1. yönetimsel, 2. idari.

565

mandate see 1. emir, 2. manda. mandatory see zorunlu (compulsory). manifesto see bildiri. manipulation see 1. hile, 2. idare (management). mankind see insanlık. manner see 1. tarz (genre), 2. tavır (attitude). manners see terbiye. manor see tımar. mansion see konak. manual see 1. elkitabı, 2. kılavuz (guide). manufacture see 1. yapım, 2. imal, 3. imalat. manufacturer see 1. fabrikatör, 2. üretici. many see 1. çok (much, very), 2. birçok. map see 1. harita, 2. plan, 3. surat (face). marathon see Maraton. marble see 1. Misket, 2. mermer, 3. bilye. march see 1. mart, 2. marş. mare see kısrak. margin see 1. kenar (border, edge, side, verge), 2. sınır (border, boundary, limit). marginal see marjinal. marine see 1. deniz (sea), 2. denizcilik. maritime see deniz (sea). mark see 1. Mark, 2. marka, 3. im (sign), 4. hedef (aim, destination, goal, objective, target), 5. damga (seal, stamp), 6. nişan, 7. alamet (sign), 8. işaretlemek, 9. belirti (symptom), 10. not (note), 11. iz (trace, track, trail), 12. imlemek, 13. çizmek (draw), 14. çizgi (line), 15. işaret (sign, signal). marked see 1. belirgin (clear), 2. işaretli. marker see 1. işaret (sign, signal), 2. imleyici, 3. damga (seal, stamp). market see 1. çarşı, 2. pazar, 3. pazarlamak, 4. piyasa, 5. borsa. marketing see pazarlama. marriage see 1. evlenme, 2. evlilik. married see evli. marry see 1. evlendirmek, 2. evlenmek. marsh see 1. bataklık, 2. batak. marvellous see 1. fevkalade, 2. olağanüstü. masculine see 1. eril, 2. erkeksi. mask see 1. maske, 2. maskelemek, 3. örtü, 4. gizlemek (hide). mason see 1. duvarcı, 2. mason, 3. farmason, 4. taşçı. mass see 1. yığın (bulk, stack), 2. küme (cluster, group), 3. kütle, 4. kitle, 5. yığmak (stack). massacre see katliam. master see 1. ana (chief, main, major, principal), 2. baş (chief, head), 3. sahip (lord, owner), 4. asıl, 5. efendi, 6. yenmek, 7. usta (skilled), 8. esas, 9. patron (boss, governor). match see 1. kibrit, 2. eş (wife), 3. maç, 4. evlenme, 5. karşılaşma, 6. denk, 7. benzer (analogous,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

566

English - Turkish

like), 8. akran, 9. rakip, 10. uymak (fit), 11. eşleştirmek. mate see 1. eş (match, wife), 2. arkadaş (companion, friend). material see 1. malzeme, 2. gereç, 3. kumaş (cloth), 4. madde (item, matter), 5. maddi. mathematical see kesin (definite). mathematics see matematik. matrix see 1. matris, 2. dizey, 3. kalıp (cast). matter see 1. madde (item), 2. mesele (affair, question), 3. konu (subject, topic), 4. cerahat, 5. cisim, 6. özdek, 7. husus, 8. önem, 9. iltihaplanmak, 10. irin, 11. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). mature see 1. olgun, 2. olgunlaşmak, 3. ergin, 4. olgunlaştırmak. maturity see 1. olgunluk, 2. vade. maxim see özdeyiş. maximum see 1. maksimum, 2. azami. may see mayıs. maybe see belki (perhaps, possibly). me see 1. bana, 2. beni. meal see 1. yemek (eat, feed), 2. öğün. mean see 1. ortalama (average), 2. adi (common), 3. alçak (base, low), 4. kastetmek, 5. ahlaksız, 6. amaçlamak, 7. cimri, 8. huysuz, 9. keyifsiz. meaning see 1. anlam (sense, significance), 2. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 3. anlamlı, 4. mana, 5. önem. meaningful see anlamlı. meaningless see 1. anlamsız (absurd), 2. boş (blank, empty, free, vacant). means see 1. araç (implement, instrument, tool), 2. servet, 3. para (cash, currency, money), 4. vasıta, 5. vesile, 6. alet (implement, instrument, tool). measure see 1. önlem, 2. ölçmek, 3. ölçü (gauge), 4. miktar (amount, quantity), 5. ölçek (scale), 6. had, 7. derece (degree, grade), 8. oran (rate, ratio), 9. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 10. tartmak, 11. tedbir, 12. ölçüm (measurement). measurement see 1. ölçüm, 2. ölçü (gauge, measure), 3. ölçme. measuring see ölçme. meat see et (flesh). mechanical see mekanik (mechanics). mechanics see mekanik (mechanical). mechanism see 1. düzenek, 2. mekanizma. medal see 1. madalya, 2. nişan. media see 1. araçlar, 2. ortam (environment, medium). median see 1. orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 2. ortanca, 3. medyan. medical see tıbbi. medicine see 1. tıp, 2. ilaç (drug, remedy), 3. hekimlik.

medium see 1. orta (intermediate, middle), 2. ortam (environment), 3. araç (implement, instrument, means, tool), 4. medyum, 5. vasıta. meet see 1. buluşmak, 2. görüşmek, 3. karşılamak, 4. tanışmak. meeting see 1. miting, 2. toplantı, 3. karşılaşma, 4. buluşma. member see 1. üye, 2. organ, 3. uzuv, 4. aza. membership see 1. üyelik, 2. üyeler. membrane see 1. zar, 2. perde (curtain, screen). memorable see unutulmaz. memorandum see 1. muhtıra, 2. not (note). memorial see 1. anıt (monument), 2. abide (monument). memory see 1. bellek, 2. anı, 3. hafıza, 4. hatıra. mental see zihinsel. mention see 1. anmak, 2. bahsetmek, 3. anma. menu see menü. merchant see 1. tacir, 2. tüccar. mercy see 1. merhamet, 2. rahmet, 3. acıma, 4. af (pardon), 5. aman, 6. insaf. mere see sırf. merely see 1. sadece, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely). merit see 1. değer, 2. erdem (virtue), 3. fazilet, 4. meziyet. mess see 1. düzensizlik (disorder), 2. pislik, 3. karışıklık. message see 1. mesaj, 2. ileti, 3. haber. metal see 1. metal, 2. maden. metaphor see 1. mecaz, 2. istiare. method see 1. yöntem, 2. usul, 3. düzen (order), 4. yol (path, road, route, way), 5. metod, 6. tarz (genre), 7. metot. methodology see 1. yöntembilim, 2. metodoloji, 3. yöntem (method). metre see metre. microphone see mikrofon. microscope see mikroskop. microwave see mikrodalga. middle see 1. orta (intermediate, medium), 2. ortadaki. midst see 1. orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 2. ortasında. might see 1. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 2. kudret, 3. kuvvet (force, strength). mighty see 1. güçlü, 2. muazzam, 3. kuvvetli, 4. kudretli. migration see 1. göç (immigration), 2. hicret. mike see mikrofon (microphone). mild see 1. hafif (light), 2. ılımlı (moderate), 3. kibar, 4. ılıman. mile see mil. military see askeri. milk see 1. süt, 2. sağmak.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish mill see 1. değirmen, 2. fabrika (factory), 3. imalathane. miller see değirmenci. million see milyon. mind see 1. akıl (intelligence), 2. zihin, 3. aldırmak, 4. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 5. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 6. bellek (memory), 7. beyin (brain), 8. düşünce, 9. istek (request), 10. kafa (head). mine see mayın. mineral see 1. mineral, 2. madeni. miniature see 1. minyatür, 2. küçük (minor, small). minimum see asgari. mining see madencilik. minister see 1. bakan, 2. papaz (priest). ministry see bakanlık. minor see 1. küçük (small), 2. önemsiz (trivial), 3. minör, 4. ikincil (secondary). minority see azınlık. minus see eksi. minute see 1. dakika, 2. an (instant, moment). minutes see tutanak. miracle see 1. mucize, 2. harika (wonderful), 3. keramet. mirror see 1. ayna, 2. yansıtmak (reflect), 3. aksettirmek. miserable see 1. sefil, 2. berbat, 3. kötü (bad, evil, poor), 4. fena (evil, poor), 5. perişan. misery see 1. sefalet, 2. ıstırap. miss see 1. bayan (lady, madam), 2. özlemek, 3. kaçırmak. missile see 1. füze, 2. mermi (bullet). missing see 1. eksik, 2. namevcut, 3. kayıp (loss). mission see 1. misyon, 2. görev (task), 3. elçilik. mist see 1. buğu (steam), 2. duman (smoke), 3. sis (fog), 4. pus. mistake see 1. yanlış (false), 2. hata (error, fault), 3. yanılmak, 4. yanlışlık, 5. yanılgı. mistress see 1. metres, 2. bayan (lady, madam, miss). mix see 1. kaynaşmak, 2. karışım, 3. karıştırmak, 4. uyuşmak, 5. karıştırma, 6. karışmak, 7. karışma (interference). mixed see 1. karma (composite), 2. karışık, 3. karışmış. mixture see 1. karışım, 2. karıştırma. mob see kalabalık. mobile see 1. seyyar, 2. oynak, 3. devingen (dynamic), 4. mobil, 5. değişken (variable), 6. gezici, 7. gezgin. mobility see devingenlik. mode see 1. kip, 2. tarz (genre), 3. biçim (form, format, shape), 4. makam, 5. mod, 6. moda (fashion).

567

model see 1. model, 2. örnek (example, sample), 3. manken, 4. kalıp (cast), 5. numune. moderate see 1. ılımlı, 2. hafifletmek, 3. orta (intermediate, medium, middle), 4. yatıştırmak, 5. yumuşatmak, 6. ölçülü, 7. hafiflemek, 8. yumuşamak. modern see 1. modern (contemporary), 2. çağdaş. modest see alçakgönüllü. modification see 1. değişiklik (change), 2. değiştirme. modify see 1. değiştirmek (alter, change), 2. hafifletmek. modular see 1. birimsel, 2. modüler. module see 1. modül, 2. birim (unit). moist see 1. nemli, 2. rutubetli. moisture see 1. nem, 2. rutubet. mole see 1. köstebek, 2. mendirek, 3. dalgakıran, 4. ben (ego). molecule see molekül. moment see 1. an (instant), 2. moment, 3. önem. momentum see 1. devinirlik, 2. moment. monastery see manastır. monetary see parasal (financial). money see para (cash, currency). monitor see 1. monitör, 2. izlemek (trace, track, trail), 3. Ekran (screen), 4. dinlemek (listen). monitoring see dinleme. monkey see maymun. monopoly see tekel. monster see 1. canavar, 2. dev (giant), 3. ucube. month see ay (moon). monthly see aylık. monument see 1. anıt (memorial), 2. abide. mood see 1. kip (mode), 2. hava (air, weather). moon see 1. ay (month), 2. kamer. moor see kır. moral see 1. dürüst (honest), 2. manevi, 3. ahlaki, 4. ahlaksal, 5. törel. morale see 1. moral, 2. maneviyat. more see 1. daha, 2. Çok (many, much, very). moreover see üstelik. morning see sabah. mortality see ölümlülük. mortgage see 1. ipotek, 2. rehin. mosaic see mozaik. most see 1. pek (very), 2. çoğu, 3. en (breadth, width). mostly see çoğunlukla. mother see 1. anne, 2. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal). motif see 1. motif, 2. örge. motion see 1. hareket (act, action, move, movement), 2. devinim, 3. önerge. motivation see 1. güdü (motive), 2. motivasyon.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

568

English - Turkish

motive see 1. güdü (motivation), 2. dürtü, 3. neden (cause, why). motor see 1. motor (engine), 2. otomobil (car). motorway see otoyol. mould see 1. kalıp (cast), 2. küf. mount see 1. dağ (mountain), 2. takmak, 3. binmek, 4. çerçeve (frame), 5. tepe (hill), 6. altlık. mountain see dağ. mouse see 1. fare, 2. sıçan (rat). mouth see 1. ağız, 2. haliç. move see 1. hareket (act, action, motion, movement), 2. taşınmak, 3. kımıldatmak, 4. taşımak (bear, carry), 5. oynatmak, 6. kımıldamak, 7. ilerlemek (advance), 8. hamle, 9. gitmek (go), 10. etkilemek, 11. duygulandırmak, 12. Taþý, 13. oynamak (play). movement see 1. hareket (act, action, motion, move), 2. manevra. movie see film. moving see 1. dokunaklı, 2. hareketli, 3. acıklı. much see 1. çok (many, very), 2. fazla, 3. hayli. mud see çamur. muddy see 1. çamurlu, 2. bulanık. mug see surat (face). multimedia see Multimedya. multiple see 1. kat, 2. çok (many, much, very), 3. çoklu, 4. birçok. mum see 1. anne (mother), 2. sessiz (quiet), 3. sus. mummy see 1. anne (mother), 2. mumya. murder see cinayet. murderer see 1. katil, 2. cani. muscle see 1. adale, 2. kas. muscular see adaleli. museum see müze. music see 1. müzik, 2. musiki. musical see 1. müzikal, 2. uyumlu (compatible), 3. müziksever. musician see 1. müzisyen, 2. çalgıcı. must see 1. gereklilik (necessity), 2. şıra. mutual see 1. karşılıklı, 2. ortak (common, joint, partner), 3. müşterek. mysterious see 1. gizemli, 2. esrarengiz. mystery see 1. sır, 2. gizem, 3. esrar, 4. muamma. mystical see gizemli. myth see 1. efsane, 2. mit.

N naive see saf (absolute, clean, pure). naked see 1. çıplak, 2. yalın. name see 1. ad, 2. isim (noun), 3. nam. namely see yani. narrative see öykü.

narrow see 1. dar, 2. sınırlı, 3. daraltmak, 4. daralmak, 5. kısmak. nasty see 1. kötü (bad, evil, poor), 2. pis (dirty). nation see 1. ulus, 2. millet. national see ulusal. nationalism see milliyetçilik. nationalist see milliyetçi. nationality see milliyet. native see 1. yerel (local), 2. yerli, 3. doğal (natural). natural see 1. doğal, 2. doğuştan. naturally see 1. doğuştan, 2. elbette. nature see 1. tabiat, 2. doğa, 3. mizaç. naughty see yaramaz. navigation see 1. sefer, 2. denizcilik, 3. gemicilik, 4. dolaşma. navy see donanma. near see 1. yakın, 2. yakında, 3. yaklaşmak. nearly see adeta. necessary see 1. gerekli, 2. zorunlu (compulsory, mandatory). necessity see 1. gereklilik, 2. zorunluluk, 3. ihtiyaç. neck see 1. boyun, 2. yaka (collar). need see 1. yoksulluk (poverty), 2. gerek, 3. gereksinim (requirement), 4. ihtiyaç, 5. lüzum. needle see 1. iğne (pin), 2. ibre, 3. tığ. needless see 1. gereksiz, 2. lüzumsuz. negative see 1. negatif, 2. olumsuz, 3. eksi (minus). neglect see ihmal. negligence see 1. dikkatsizlik, 2. ihmal. negotiate see görüşmek. negotiation see müzakere. neighbour see komşu. neighbourhood see 1. çevre (environment), 2. civar, 3. komşular, 4. semt. neither see Hiçbiri (none). nephew see yeğen. nerve see 1. sinir, 2. asap, 3. cesaret (courage), 4. cüret, 5. damar (vein), 6. soğukkanlılık, 7. yüzsüzlük. nervous see 1. ürkek (shy), 2. sinirli, 3. asabi. nest see yuva. net see 1. ağ (network), 2. net, 3. kazanmak (win), 4. tuzak (trap). network see 1. ağ (net), 2. şebeke. neutral see 1. tarafsız, 2. nötr, 3. yansız. never see 1. asla, 2. hiç (nothing), 3. katiyen. nevertheless see ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely). new see 1. yeni (novel), 2. taze (fresh). newly see yeni (new, novel). news see 1. haberler, 2. haber. newspaper see gazete. next see 1. sonraki, 2. gelecek, 3. sonra (after, afterwards), 4. Ýleri.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish nice see 1. iyi (fine, good, okay, well), 2. sevimli, 3. hoş (pleasant), 4. ince (fine, thin), 5. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty). nick see 1. çalmak (steal), 2. çentik, 3. çentmek. night see 1. gece, 2. akşam (evening), 3. karanlık. nightmare see 1. karabasan, 2. kabus. nine see dokuz. ninety see doksan. ninth see dokuzuncu. nitrogen see 1. azot, 2. nitrojen. no see 1. hayır, 2. Hayýr, 3. yok (absent), 4. değil (not). nobility see soyluluk. noble see 1. asil, 2. soylu, 3. asilzade, 4. yüce, 5. yüksek (high, loud, tall). node see 1. boğum, 2. düğüm. noise see 1. gürültü, 2. patırtı, 3. ses (sound, tone, voice). noisy see 1. gürültülü, 2. gürültücü, 3. patırtılı. nominal see 1. itibari, 2. saymaca, 3. sözde. nomination see atama (appointment). none see 1. hiçbiri, 2. Hiç (nothing). nonsense see 1. saçma (absurd), 2. zırva. noon see öğle. norm see 1. norm, 2. örnek (example, model, sample), 3. tip (type). normal see 1. normal (regular), 2. olağan. north see kuzey. northern see kuzey (north). nose see 1. burun, 2. koklamak (smell). not see 1. değil, 2. yok (absent). notable see tanınmış. notation see gösterim. note see 1. not, 2. senet, 3. nota, 4. banknot, 5. dikkat (attention). notebook see defter. noted see ünlü (famous). nothing see 1. hiç, 2. sıfır (zero). notice see 1. ihbarname, 2. ilan (advertisement, announcement), 3. dikkat (attention), 4. bildirim, 5. bildirmek (inform), 6. duyuru (announcement), 7. bildiri, 8. uyarı (warning). notion see 1. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 2. kavram. noun see 1. isim (name), 2. ad (name). novel see 1. roman, 2. yeni (new). novelty see yenilik. now see şimdi. nowadays see bugünlerde. nuclear see nükleer. nucleus see 1. çekirdek (core), 2. öz (self). number see 1. sayı, 2. numara, 3. saymak (count), 4. rakam, 5. numaralamak, 6. miktar (amount, quantity), 7. adet. numerical see sayısal.

569

numerous see çok (many, much, very). nurse see 1. hemşire (sister), 2. emzirmek, 3. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 4. beslemek (feed), 5. dadı, 6. hastabakıcı. nursery see 1. fidanlık, 2. kreş. nut see 1. somun, 2. kafa (head). nuts see deli (crazy). nylon see naylon.

O oak see meşe. oath see 1. yemin, 2. sövgü, 3. küfür, 4. ant. obedience see itaat. obey see uymak (fit). object see 1. nesne, 2. amaç (aim, intent, objective, purpose, target), 3. hedef (aim, destination, goal, objective, target), 4. obje, 5. şey (thing). objection see 1. itiraz, 2. sakınca. objective see 1. amaç (aim, intent, object, purpose, target), 2. hedef (aim, destination, goal, target), 3. nesnel, 4. objektif, 5. mercek (lens). obligation see 1. yükümlülük, 2. mecburiyet, 3. ödev. obscure see 1. karanlık, 2. gizlemek (hide). observation see 1. gözlem, 2. gözetleme, 3. düşünce, 4. gözleme, 5. inceleme, 6. rasat. observe see 1. söylemek (say, tell), 2. gözlemlemek, 3. gözetlemek, 4. incelemek, 5. demek (say), 6. uymak (fit), 7. gözlemek. observer see gözlemci. obsession see saplantı. obstacle see 1. engel (barrier), 2. mani. obtain see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take), 2. edinmek (acquire), 3. sağlamak. obvious see 1. apaçık, 2. belli, 3. besbelli (evident). obviously see açıkça. occasion see 1. durum (state, status), 2. fırsat, 3. neden (cause, why), 4. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 5. hal, 6. vesile, 7. lüzum. occasionally see bazen (sometimes). occupation see 1. işgal, 2. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 3. meslek. occupational see mesleki. occupy see 1. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 2. zaptetmek. occur see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2. bulunmak. occurrence see olay (event, fact, incident). ocean see okyanus. o'clock see saat (clock, hour, time).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

570

English - Turkish

odd see 1. tek (single, unique), 2. acayip (peculiar), 3. garip, 4. küsur, 5. tuhaf. odds see 1. olasılık, 2. üstünlük (advantage), 3. avantaj (advantage), 4. şans, 5. fark (difference). odour see 1. koku, 2. itibar, 3. şöhret. off see 1. kapalı, 2. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 3. uzak (distant, far, remote), 4. bozuk (broken), 5. uzakta (away). offence see 1. suç (crime), 2. saldırı (aggression). offender see suçlu (guilty). offensive see 1. hücum (aggression, assault, attack), 2. iğrenç, 3. pis (dirty), 4. saldırı (aggression). offer see 1. sunma, 2. sunmak (submit), 3. arz, 4. teklif. offering see 1. adak, 2. kurban (victim), 3. teklif, 4. bağış. office see 1. ofis, 2. büro (bureau), 3. görev (task), 4. bakanlık. officer see 1. subay, 2. memur. official see 1. memur, 2. resmi (formal). officially see resmen. offspring see döl. oil see 1. yağ (fat), 2. petrol, 3. yağlamak, 4. yağlıboya. okay see 1. iyi (fine, good, well), 2. oldu, 3. onaylamak (accept, approve, confirm), 4. onay (approval), 5. peki, 6. tamam (done). old see 1. eski (former), 2. yaşlı, 3. önceki (former), 4. ihtiyar, 5. pişkin. omission see 1. ihmal, 2. çıkarma. on see 1. üstünde, 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3. aralıksız. once see eskiden. one see 1. bir, 2. biri (somebody), 3. tek (odd, single, unique). onion see soğan. only see 1. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, scarcely), 2. sadece, 3. tek (odd, single, unique), 4. biricik, 5. sırf, 6. yalnız (alone). onset see 1. hücum (aggression, assault, attack), 2. saldırı (aggression), 3. hamle. onwards see ileri (advanced, forward). open see 1. açmak, 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, plain, shortage), 3. Aç (hungry), 4. açılmak. opening see 1. açılış, 2. açış, 3. açma, 4. fırsat, 5. delik (hole), 6. ağız (mouth). openly see 1. alenen, 2. açıkça. opera see opera. operate see 1. işletmek, 2. işlemek, 3. çalışmak (work), 4. çalıştırmak (run), 5. etkilemek. operating see çalıştırma. operation see 1. operasyon, 2. ameliyat, 3. işletme, 4. işlem, 5. çalışma (work), 6. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 7. hüküm (provision), 8. çalıştırma, 9. tatbikat, 10. yürürlük.

operator see 1. operatör, 2. işletmen, 3. teknisyen, 4. işletmeci, 5. cerrah (surgeon). opinion see 1. fikir (conception, idea), 2. kanı, 3. düşünce, 4. görüş (sight), 5. kanaat. opponent see 1. aleyhtar, 2. muhalif. opportunity see fırsat. opposite see 1. karşıt, 2. zıt, 3. karşı, 4. aksi, 5. karşıda, 6. karşısında, 7. ters (reverse). opposition see 1. karşıtlık, 2. muhalefet, 3. zıtlık. oppression see 1. sıkıntı, 2. zulüm, 3. baskı. optical see optik. optimism see iyimserlik. optimistic see iyimser. option see 1. seçenek (alternative), 2. tercih. optional see 1. seçmeli (selective), 2. seçimli, 3. opsiyonlu. or see 1. veya, 2. yoksa, 3. yahut. oral see 1. sözlü, 2. ağızdan. orange see 1. portakal, 2. turuncu. orbit see yörünge. orchestra see orkestra. ordeal see çile. order see 1. düzen, 2. emretmek, 3. düzenlemek (arrange, organize), 4. sıra (rank, sequence), 5. emir, 6. ısmarlamak, 7. sipariş, 8. usul, 9. tertip, 10. sınıf (class), 11. tarikat, 12. yol (path, road, route, way), 13. kural (rule, statute), 14. tabaka, 15. asayiş, 16. mezhep, 17. komut (command), 18. ısmarlama, 19. dizi (array, series, string), 20. çeşit. ordinary see 1. sıradan, 2. adi (common), 3. alelade, 4. alışılmış, 5. bayağı, 6. normal (normal, regular), 7. olağan. organ see 1. organ, 2. org, 3. araç (implement, instrument, means, tool), 4. alet (implement, instrument, tool). organic see 1. organik, 2. örgensel. organism see 1. organizma, 2. örgüt (organization). organization see 1. örgüt, 2. organizasyon, 3. örgütlenme, 4. organizma (organism). organize see 1. düzenlemek (arrange, order), 2. örgütlemek. orientation see Yönlendirme. origin see 1. kaynak (resource, source), 2. köken, 3. başlangıç (beginning, start), 4. asıl, 5. kök (root), 6. orijin, 7. menşe. original see 1. özgün, 2. orijinal, 3. asıl, 4. yaratıcı. originally see aslında. orthodox see ortodoks. other see 1. diğer, 2. başka (different, else), 3. öbür, 4. öteki, 5. başkası. otherwise see yoksa (or). out see 1. dışarıda, 2. dışarıya, 3. dışarı. outbreak see 1. çıkma, 2. salgın. outcome see 1. sonuç (effect, result), 2. son (end, final, finish, last).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish outdoor see dışarıda. outer see 1. harici, 2. dışarıdaki, 3. dış. outfit see 1. donatmak, 2. ekip, 3. grup (bunch, group, set), 4. teçhizat. outgoing see 1. giden, 2. sempatik, 3. çıkış (exit). outlet see 1. ağız (mouth), 2. delik (hole), 3. yol (path, road, route, way), 4. çıkış (exit). outline see 1. özet (abstract, summary), 2. taslak (draft, sketch), 3. çerçeve (frame), 4. Kontur, 5. profil (profile). outlook see 1. görünüm (appearance, view), 2. görünüş. output see 1. çıktı, 2. çıkış (exit), 3. üretim (generation, production), 4. verim (efficiency, yield), 5. randıman. outrage see 1. hakaret, 2. rezalet, 3. zulüm. outset see başlangıç (beginning, origin, start). outside see 1. dış, 2. dışarıda. outsider see yabancı. outskirts see varoş. outstanding see 1. ödenmemiş, 2. seçkin. oven see 1. fırın, 2. ocak. over see 1. üstünde (on), 2. üstüne, 3. üzerine, 4. üzerinde, 5. boyunca, 6. aşırı (extreme), 7. bitmiş, 8. tekrar (again). overall see 1. ayrıntılı, 2. toplam (aggregate, sum, total). overlap see örtüşmek. overnight see geceleyin. overt see açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage). overwhelming see ezici. owl see 1. baykuş, 2. puhu. own see 1. tanımak (know), 2. kendi (self), 3. kendisinin, 4. öz (self). owner see sahip (lord). ownership see 1. mülkiyet, 2. sahiplik, 3. iyelik (possession). oxygen see oksijen. ozone see ozon.

P pace see 1. adım (step), 2. yürüyüş (walk), 3. adımlamak, 4. hız (speed), 5. ayak (foot). pacific see barışçı. pack see 1. paketlemek, 2. paket (package, packet, parcel), 3. bohça, 4. sürü (flock, herd), 5. çıkın, 6. deste (deck). package see 1. paket (pack, packet, parcel), 2. bohça, 3. koli, 4. ambalaj. packed see paketlenmiş. packet see paket (pack, package, parcel).

571

pact see 1. pakt, 2. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding). pad see 1. yastık, 2. şişirmek, 3. ıstampa, 4. doldurmak (fill), 5. tıkaç. paddy see Çeltik. page see sayfa. paid see 1. ödenmiş, 2. ücretli. pain see 1. ağrı, 2. üzmek, 3. acı (bitter, distress, grief, sorrow), 4. azap, 5. sızı. pains see zahmet. paint see 1. boyamak, 2. boya. painter see 1. ressam (artist), 2. boyacı. painting see 1. resim (image, picture), 2. tablo (picture, table), 3. ressamlık, 4. boyama. pair see 1. çift (couple, double, dual, even), 2. eş (match, wife). pal see 1. arkadaş (companion, friend), 2. dost (friend). palace see saray. pale see 1. soluk (breath), 2. soldurmak, 3. solgun, 4. solmak. palm see 1. palmiye, 2. aya, 3. Avuç. pan see tava. panel see 1. panel, 2. pano, 3. levha. panic see panik. paper see 1. kağıt, 2. gazete (newspaper), 3. belge (document). par see eşitlik (equality). parade see 1. gösteriş, 2. gösteri (demonstration, show). paradise see cennet. paradox see paradoks. paragraph see 1. paragraf, 2. bent. parallel see 1. paralel, 2. koşut, 3. benzer (analogous, like). parameter see parametre. paramount see üstün. parcel see 1. paket (pack, package, packet), 2. koli, 3. parsel, 4. takım (set, team). pardon see 1. af, 2. affetmek (excuse, forgive), 3. bağışlamak (excuse, forgive), 4. bağışlama. parent see 1. Ebeveyn (parents), 2. üst (top, upper). parents see ebeveyn. parish see mahalle. park see park. parliament see 1. parlamento, 2. meclis. part see 1. parça (component, item, piece, portion, segment), 2. bölüm (chapter, department, division, section), 3. rol, 4. pay (share), 5. taraf, 6. ayrılmak, 7. kısım (section), 8. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 9. görev (task). partial see 1. kısmi, 2. bölümsel. participant see katılımcı. participation see 1. iştirak, 2. katılma.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

572

English - Turkish

particle see zerre. particular see 1. özel (private, special), 2. belirli (definite, specific), 3. ayrıntı (detail), 4. ayrıntılı, 5. titiz. particularly see 1. özellikle, 2. bilhassa. partly see kısmen. partner see 1. ortak (common, joint, mutual), 2. eş (match, wife). partnership see ortaklık. party see 1. parti (lot), 2. davet, 3. eğlence (amusement, fun), 4. şahıs (person). pass see 1. geçmek, 2. geçiş (transition), 3. geçit, 4. geçirmek, 5. paso, 6. aşmak. passage see 1. pasaj, 2. geçiş (pass, transition), 3. geçit, 4. geçme, 5. koridor (corridor), 6. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment). passenger see yolcu. passing see 1. geçici (temporary, tentative), 2. geçen (last), 3. geçiş (pass, transition). passion see 1. tutku (ambition), 2. ihtiras, 3. aşk (love). passionate see 1. ihtiraslı, 2. ateşli, 3. hırslı. passive see 1. pasif, 2. edilgen. passport see pasaport. past see 1. geçmiş, 2. geçen (last), 3. sabık. pat see basmakalıp. patch see 1. yamamak, 2. yama, 3. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment). patent see 1. patent, 2. patentli, 3. besbelli (evident). path see 1. yol (road, route, way), 2. patika (trail). pathetic see 1. acıklı, 2. dokunaklı (moving). patience see sabır. patient see 1. hasta (sick), 2. sabırlı. patrol see devriye. patronage see 1. himaye, 2. koruma (conservation, protection). pattern see 1. desen, 2. kalıp (cast), 3. model (model), 4. numune, 5. örnek (example, model, sample), 6. örüntü, 7. şablon, 8. patron (boss, governor). pause see 1. duraklamak, 2. duraklama, 3. Duraklat, 4. mola (break), 5. durma (halt, stop). pavement see kaldırım. pay see 1. maaş (salary, wage), 2. ödemek, 3. ödeme (payment), 4. ücret. payable see 1. ödenebilir, 2. ödenecek. payment see 1. ödeme, 2. karşılık, 3. ücret. peace see 1. huzur, 2. barış, 3. sulh, 4. rahat (ease), 5. sükun. peaceful see 1. huzurlu, 2. sakin (quiet), 3. barışsever, 4. rahat (ease). peak see 1. doruk (height, summit), 2. zirve (height, summit), 3. tepe (hill), 4. uç. peasant see köylü. peasantry see köylüler.

peat see turba. peculiar see 1. acayip, 2. özel (particular, private, special), 3. tuhaf, 4. mahsus, 5. özgü. pen see 1. kalem (item), 2. dolmakalem, 3. ağıl, 4. kümes, 5. yazmak (type, write), 6. kapatmak (close, shut). penalty see 1. ceza (punishment), 2. penaltı. pencil see 1. kalem (item, pen), 2. kurşunkalem. pending see 1. beklemede, 2. askıda. penetration see yaygınlık. penis see 1. penis, 2. kamış (reed). penny see 1. peni, 2. sent. pension see pansiyon. pensioner see emekli. people see 1. halk, 2. ulus (nation), 3. millet, 4. insanlar, 5. ahali. pepper see biber. percent see yüzde. percentage see 1. komisyon, 2. yüzde, 3. yüzdelik. perception see 1. algı, 2. idrak, 3. seziş. perfect see 1. eksiksiz (complete), 2. kusursuz, 3. mükemmel (excellent), 4. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 5. mükemmelleştirmek, 6. tamamlamak (complete). perfection see 1. mükemmellik, 2. kusursuzluk, 3. tamamlama (completion). perfectly see tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely). perform see yapmak (do, fulfil, make). performance see 1. performans, 2. gösteri (demonstration, show), 3. başarım. perhaps see 1. belki (maybe, possibly), 2. muhtemelen. period see 1. dönem, 2. nokta (dot, point, spot), 3. devir, 4. aybaşı, 5. süre (duration, time), 6. devre (circuit), 7. çağ (era), 8. regl, 9. adet. periodic see 1. periyodik, 2. devirli. peripheral see çevresel (environmental). permanent see 1. kalıcı, 2. sürekli (continuous), 3. daimi, 4. değişmez (constant, fixed), 5. devamlı, 6. sabit (constant, fixed). permission see 1. izin (permit), 2. müsaade, 3. ruhsat. permit see 1. izin (permission), 2. müsaade, 3. permi, 4. ruhsat, 5. bırakmak (leave). persistent see inatçı. person see 1. kişi, 2. şahıs, 3. adam (fellow, guy, man), 4. birey (individual), 5. kimse. personal see 1. kişisel, 2. özel (particular, private, special), 3. şahsi. personality see 1. kişilik, 2. şahsiyet. personally see 1. bizzat, 2. şahsen. personnel see personel. perspective see 1. perspektif, 2. görünüm (appearance, outlook, view). persuade see 1. inandırmak, 2. kandırmak.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish persuasion see 1. ikna, 2. inanç (belief), 3. inandırma. persuasive see inandırıcı. pet see 1. okşamak, 2. sevmek (like, love), 3. sevişmek, 4. gözde. petition see 1. dilekçe, 2. rica. petrol see benzin (gas). petty see 1. küçük (minor, small), 2. önemsiz (minor, trivial). phase see 1. evre, 2. faz, 3. safha, 4. aşama. phenomenon see 1. fenomen, 2. hadise, 3. görüngü. philosopher see filozof. philosophical see felsefi. philosophy see felsefe. phone see telefon (telephone). photo see fotoğraf (photograph). photograph see fotoğraf. photographer see fotoğrafçı. photography see fotoğrafçılık. phrase see 1. tümcecik, 2. deyim (expression). physical see 1. fiziksel, 2. bedensel. physics see fizik. physiological see fizyolojik. piano see piyano. pick see 1. toplamak (add, collect, gather, raise), 2. seçmek (choose, select), 3. kazma, 4. seçenek (alternative, option), 5. koparmak, 6. ayıklamak, 7. kürdan. picking see toplama (addition, collection). picnic see piknik. picture see 1. resim (image, painting), 2. görüntü (image), 3. tablo (table), 4. tasvir, 5. film (movie), 6. fotoğraf (photograph). picturesque see pitoresk. pie see 1. turta, 2. tart. piece see 1. parça (component, item, part, portion, segment), 2. piyes, 3. tane (grain), 4. örnek (example, model, sample), 5. numune. pig see 1. domuz, 2. aynasız. pile see 1. hav, 2. tüy, 3. yığmak (stack), 4. kazık, 5. küme (cluster, group), 6. servet, 7. yığın (bulk, mass, stack). pillow see yastık. pilot see 1. pilot, 2. kılavuz (guide), 3. rehber (guide). pin see 1. iğne (needle), 2. bacak (leg), 3. broş. pine see çam. pink see pembe. pipe see 1. boru (tube), 2. pipo, 3. çubuk (bar), 4. kaval. piper see 1. gaydacı, 2. kavalcı. pit see 1. çukur, 2. oyuk, 3. parter. pitch see 1. atmak (cast, throw), 2. ziftlemek, 3. perde (curtain, screen), 4. saha (field), 5. zift, 6. alan (area, domain, field, range, space).

573

pity see 1. acımak, 2. acıma, 3. merhamet, 4. yazık. place see 1. yer (earth, ground, location, seat, space), 2. koymak (put), 3. yerleştirmek, 4. mevki, 5. basamak (step), 6. mahal. placement see 1. yerleştirme, 2. koyma. plain see 1. düz (flat, smooth, straight), 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, shortage), 3. ova, 4. sade, 5. süssüz, 6. dürüst (honest), 7. basit (simple). plainly see açıkça. plaintiff see davacı. plan see 1. proje (design, project, scheme), 2. planlamak, 3. plan, 4. niyet (intent, intention, purpose), 5. kroki, 6. tasarlamak (design), 7. taslak (draft, sketch), 8. tasarı. plane see 1. uçak (aeroplane, aircraft), 2. planya, 3. seviye, 4. rende, 5. rendelemek, 6. düzlem, 7. düzey (level), 8. dümdüz, 9. çınar. planet see gezegen. planning see planlama. plant see 1. bitki, 2. fabrika (factory), 3. hile, 4. dikmek, 5. ekmek (bread). plasma see plazma. plaster see 1. yakı, 2. sıva, 3. sıvamak, 4. alçı, 5. plaster. plastic see plastik. plate see 1. tabak, 2. plaka, 3. plaket, 4. kupa. platform see peron. plausible see makul (reasonable). play see 1. oynamak, 2. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 3. piyes, 4. oyun (game), 5. oynama, 6. eğlenmek, 7. eğlence (amusement, fun), 8. faaliyet (activity). player see oyuncu. plea see 1. yalvarma, 2. savunma, 3. bahane (excuse), 4. özür (apology, excuse), 5. rica. pleasant see 1. hoş, 2. şirin, 3. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 4. tatlı (sweet). please see 1. lütfen, 2. sevindirmek. pleased see 1. memnun (glad, happy), 2. hoşnut. pleasure see 1. haz, 2. keyif, 3. memnuniyet, 4. zevk. plenty see 1. bolluk (abundance), 2. bereket (abundance). plot see 1. arsa, 2. entrika, 3. parsel, 4. plan, 5. suikast, 6. çizmek (draw). plus see artı. pocket see cep. poem see 1. manzume, 2. şiir. poet see 1. ozan, 2. şair. poetic see 1. şairane, 2. şiirsel. poetry see 1. şiir, 2. şiirler. point see 1. nokta (dot, period, spot), 2. göstermek (indicate, represent, show), 3. uç, 4. puan, 5. husus, 6. sivriltmek, 7. punto, 8. özellik (characteristic, feature, property), 9. sayı

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

574

English - Turkish

(number), 10. mesele (affair, matter, question), 11. derece (degree, grade), 12. anlam (meaning, sense, significance), 13. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 14. neden (cause, why). pointed see sivri (sharp). pointless see 1. yararsız, 2. amaçsız, 3. anlamsız (absurd). poison see 1. zehir, 2. zehirlemek. polar see 1. kutuplu, 2. kutupsal. pole see 1. kutup, 2. direk, 3. sırık, 4. polonyalı. police see polis. policy see 1. poliçe, 2. politika (politics), 3. siyaset (politics). polish see 1. perdah, 2. cila, 3. cilalamak, 4. lehçe, 5. parlaklık, 6. parlatmak, 7. Polonyalı, 8. leh, 9. incelik. polite see 1. nazik, 2. kibar. politely see 1. kibarca, 2. nezaketle. political see 1. politik, 2. siyasal, 3. siyasi. politician see politikacı. politics see 1. politika (policy), 2. siyaset. poll see 1. anket, 2. oylama, 3. seçim (choice, election, selection), 4. yoklamak. pollution see 1. kirlilik, 2. kirlenme, 3. kirletme, 4. pislik. polymer see polimer. pond see havuz (pool). pony see midilli. pool see 1. havuz, 2. birleştirmek (join), 3. gölcük. poor see 1. fakir, 2. fena (evil), 3. kötü (bad, evil), 4. yoksul, 5. zavallı, 6. az (few, little), 7. verimsiz. poorly see hasta (sick). pop see 1. baba (dad, father), 2. patlamak, 3. pop. pope see Papa. popular see popüler. popularity see popülerlik. population see nüfus. porch see 1. sundurma, 2. veranda. pork see domuz (pig). port see 1. liman (harbour), 2. iskele, 3. delik (hole), 4. kapı (door, gate), 5. lombar. portable see 1. portatif, 2. taşınabilir. porter see 1. hamal, 2. kapıcı. portfolio see 1. portföy, 2. bakanlık. portion see 1. parça (component, item, part, piece, segment), 2. porsiyon, 3. pay (share), 4. kısım (section), 5. hisse (share), 6. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section), 7. çeyiz, 8. miktar (amount, quantity). portrait see 1. dikey (vertical), 2. düşey (vertical), 3. portre. position see 1. konum (location), 2. pozisyon, 3. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 4. mevki, 5. duruş, 6. durum (state, status), 7. görev (task), 8. yerleştirmek.

positive see 1. pozitif, 2. olumlu, 3. artı (plus), 4. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 5. kesin (definite). positively see gerçekten (indeed, really). possession see 1. iyelik, 2. tasarruf, 3. mülk, 4. sömürge. possibility see 1. olanak (facility), 2. olabilirlik. possible see 1. mümkün, 2. olabilir, 3. olanaklı, 4. olası. possibly see belki (maybe, perhaps). post see 1. posta (mail), 2. karakol, 3. kazık, 4. direk, 5. postalamak (mail), 6. yerleştirmek. postcard see kartpostal. poster see 1. afiş, 2. poster. pot see kap (container). potato see patates. potent see 1. kuvvetli, 2. güçlü, 3. etkili. potential see potansiyel. pottery see çömlekçilik. pound see 1. dövmek, 2. libre, 3. vurmak (hit). pour see 1. dökmek, 2. dökülmek, 3. boşaltmak (discharge, empty), 4. akıtmak. poverty see 1. yoksulluk, 2. fakirlik. powder see 1. toz, 2. barut, 3. pudra. power see 1. güç (energy, force, strength), 2. iktidar, 3. kuvvet (force, strength), 4. yetenek (ability, capability), 5. enerji (energy), 6. derman, 7. kudret, 8. otorite, 9. üs (base), 10. yetki (authority), 11. erk. powerful see 1. güçlü, 2. nüfuzlu, 3. kuvvetli, 4. etkili. practicable see 1. uygulanabilir, 2. yapılabilir. practical see 1. pratik, 2. uygulamalı, 3. elverişli, 4. kullanışlı, 5. becerikli, 6. ameli. practice see 1. pratik, 2. uygulama (application), 3. alışkanlık, 4. alıştırma (exercise), 5. idman, 6. tatbikat. pragmatic see pragmatik. praise see 1. övgü, 2. övme, 3. övmek, 4. methetmek, 5. şükretmek. pray see yalvarmak. prayer see dua. precious see 1. değerli, 2. kıymetli. precise see 1. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, very), 2. kesin (definite), 3. kusursuz, 4. kati. precisely see kesinlikle. precision see kesinlik. predecessor see 1. ata, 2. öncel, 3. selef, 4. cet. predict see öngörmek. prediction see 1. tahmin (forecast), 2. kehanet. prefer see 1. yeğlemek, 2. sunmak (submit). preferably see tercihen. preference see tercih. preferred see tercihli. pregnancy see 1. gebelik, 2. hamilelik.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish pregnant see 1. hamile, 2. gebe. prejudice see önyargı (bias). preliminary see 1. ilk (first, initial), 2. ön (front). premature see 1. mevsimsiz, 2. prematüre, 3. vakitsiz. premier see 1. başbakan, 2. birinci (first), 3. baş (chief, head, master). premises see arazi. premium see 1. prim, 2. ödül (reward), 3. ikramiye. preoccupation see 1. kaygı, 2. tasa. preparation see 1. hazırlık, 2. hazırlama, 3. hazırlanma. prepare see hazırlamak. prepared see 1. hazır, 2. hazırlıklı, 3. istekli. prescription see 1. reçete, 2. emir. presence see 1. huzur (peace), 2. varlık (entity), 3. duruş. present see 1. armağan (gift), 2. hediye (gift), 3. şimdiki, 4. sunmak (submit), 5. mevcut, 6. hazır, 7. tanıtmak. presentation see 1. sunma, 2. sunu, 3. takdim, 4. tanıtma, 5. sunuş, 6. ibraz, 7. gösterme. presently see 1. birazdan, 2. şimdi (now). preservation see 1. koruma (conservation, protection), 2. korunma, 3. muhafaza, 4. saklama. preserve see 1. saklamak (save, store), 2. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 3. reçel (jam). presidency see başkanlık. president see 1. başkan (chairman), 2. rektör. press see 1. basmak, 2. basın, 3. pres, 4. baskı, 5. cendere, 6. zorlamak (force), 7. ütülemek, 8. sıkmak, 9. sıkıştırmak, 10. matbaa, 11. kalabalık, 12. basımevi, 13. mengene. pressing see 1. acil (urgent), 2. acele, 3. ivedi. pressure see 1. basınç, 2. baskı, 3. tazyik. prestige see 1. itibar, 2. nüfuz, 3. prestij. presumably see 1. galiba, 2. muhtemelen. pretty see 1. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely), 2. sevimli, 3. hoş (pleasant), 4. oldukça (fairly, rather). prevalence see yaygınlık. prevent see önlemek. prevention see 1. önleme, 2. engelleme. previously see 1. önceden, 2. evvelce. price see 1. fiyat, 2. eder, 3. paha, 4. bedel, 5. kıymet, 6. değer. pride see 1. gurur, 2. iftihar, 3. onur, 4. kibir, 5. azamet. priest see 1. papaz, 2. rahip. primarily see 1. başlıca, 2. aslında. primary see 1. birincil, 2. ana (chief, main, major, master, principal), 3. birinci (first), 4. baş (chief, head, master). prime see 1. baş (chief, head, master), 2. başlıca, 3. ilk (first, initial, preliminary).

575

primitive see ilkel. prince see 1. prens, 2. şehzade, 3. hükümdar. princess see prenses. principal see 1. ana (chief, main, major, master), 2. baş (chief, head, master), 3. başlıca, 4. temel (base, basic, elementary, foundation). principle see 1. ilke, 2. prensip, 3. kaide, 4. köken (origin). print see 1. basmak (press), 2. yazdýr, 3. iz (trace, track, trail), 4. baskı, 5. basma. printer see 1. yazıcı, 2. matbaacı, 3. basımcı, 4. yazýcý. printing see 1. tabetme, 2. baskı. prior see önceki (former). priority see öncelik. prison see 1. cezaevi, 2. hapishane (jail), 3. tutukevi. prisoner see 1. esir, 2. mahpus, 3. tutsak, 4. tutuklu. privacy see 1. mahremiyet, 2. gizlilik, 3. yalnızlık. private see 1. özel (particular, special), 2. asker (soldier), 3. er, 4. kişisel (personal), 5. mahrem. privilege see 1. ayrıcalık, 2. imtiyaz (concession, franchise). prize see 1. ödül (reward), 2. ikramiye, 3. ganimet. probability see 1. ihtimal, 2. olasılık. probable see 1. muhtemel, 2. olası. probably see muhtemelen. probation see 1. deneme (essay, trial), 2. staj. probe see 1. sonda, 2. araştırmak (explore, investigate, research), 3. araştırma (investigation, research), 4. yoklamak, 5. deşmek. problem see 1. sorun (issue), 2. problem, 3. mesele (affair, matter, question). procedure see 1. prosedür, 2. yordam. proceed see ilerlemek (advance). proceeds see 1. kazanç (gain), 2. verim (efficiency, yield), 3. gelir. process see 1. süreç, 2. işlem, 3. yöntem (method), 4. işlemek. processing see 1. işlem, 2. işleme. processor see işlemci. produce see 1. üretmek (generate), 2. ürün (crop, product), 3. göstermek (indicate, point, represent, show). producer see 1. üretici, 2. yapımcı, 3. prodüktör. product see 1. ürün (crop), 2. çarpım, 3. sonuç (effect, outcome, result). production see 1. üretim (generation), 2. yapım, 3. imal, 4. ürün (crop, product), 5. istihsal, 6. eser, 7. yapıt. productive see 1. üretken, 2. verimli (fertile), 3. yaratıcı, 4. bereketli (fertile). productivity see 1. verimlilik (efficiency, fertility), 2. üretkenlik, 3. prodüktivite. profession see 1. uğraş, 2. meslek, 3. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 4. sanat (art), 5. beyan.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

576

English - Turkish

professional see 1. profesyonel, 2. mesleki. professor see profesör. profile see profil. profit see 1. çıkar, 2. kazanç (gain, proceeds). profitable see 1. kazançlı, 2. yararlı, 3. faydalı. profound see derin. program see 1. programlamak, 2. program (programme). programme see 1. program (program), 2. programlamak (program), 3. planlamak. programming see programlama. progress see 1. ilerleme (advance, advancement), 2. ilerlemek (advance), 3. gelişmek, 4. gelişme. progressive see 1. ilerici, 2. gelişen, 3. ilerleyen. prohibition see yasak (forbidden). project see 1. proje (design, plan, scheme), 2. tasarı, 3. plan, 4. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 5. tasarlamak (design), 6. planlamak. projection see 1. izdüşüm, 2. projeksiyon, 3. çıkıntı, 4. fırlatma, 5. proje (design, plan, project, scheme), 6. gösterim, 7. atma. prominence see 1. çıkıntı, 2. önem, 3. ün (fame), 4. şöhret, 5. tümsek, 6. burun (nose). prominent see 1. çıkıntılı, 2. seçkin, 3. ünlü (famous). promise see 1. söz (word), 2. vaat. promote see yükseltmek (raise). promoter see kurucu. promotion see 1. terfi (advancement), 2. yükselme, 3. yükseltme. prone see yüzükoyun. pronunciation see 1. telaffuz, 2. söyleniş. proof see 1. kanıt (evidence), 2. deneme (essay, trial), 3. kanıtlama, 4. ispat, 5. delil, 6. sağlama, 7. geçirmez. propaganda see propaganda (publicity). proper see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 2. münasip, 3. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 4. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 5. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very). properties see Özellikler. property see 1. özellik (characteristic, feature), 2. mal, 3. mülk, 4. mülkiyet (ownership), 5. nitelik (quality). proportion see orantı. proportional see 1. orantılı, 2. nispi. proposal see 1. öneri (suggestion), 2. teklif, 3. önerge. propose see önermek (suggest). proposition see 1. önerme, 2. öneri (suggestion), 3. sav (thesis), 4. teklif. proprietor see sahip (lord, owner). prose see 1. nesir, 2. düzyazı. prosecution see kovuşturma.

prospect see 1. umut (hope), 2. olasılık, 3. ihtimal, 4. manzara (view), 5. görünüm (appearance, outlook, view). prospective see 1. beklenen, 2. muhtemel. prosperity see 1. gönenç, 2. refah (welfare). prosperous see 1. başarılı, 2. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). protect see korumak (maintain, shield). protected see korunmuş. protection see 1. koruma (conservation), 2. himaye, 3. korunma, 4. muhafaza. protective see koruyucu. protein see protein. protest see 1. protesto, 2. itiraz. protocol see 1. protokol, 2. tutanak. prototype see prototip. proud see 1. gururlu, 2. kibirli (arrogant), 3. mağrur, 4. azametli, 5. onurlu. prove see 1. kanıtlamak, 2. çıkmak (exit). provide see 1. sağlamak, 2. vermek (give, grant). province see 1. il, 2. eyalet (state). provincial see 1. görgüsüz, 2. taşralı. provision see 1. hüküm, 2. hazırlık (preparation), 3. koşul, 4. sağlama, 5. tedarik. provisional see geçici (passing, temporary, tentative). provisions see erzak. psychiatric see psikiyatrik. psychological see psikolojik. psychologist see 1. psikolog, 2. ruhbilimci. psychology see 1. psikoloji, 2. ruhbilim. pub see 1. meyhane, 2. birahane, 3. bar (bar). public see 1. kamu, 2. genel (general), 3. halk (people), 4. kamusal, 5. amme, 6. aleni. publication see yayın. publicity see 1. propaganda (propaganda), 2. tanıtım, 3. tanıtma, 4. reklam (advertisement). publicly see alenen (openly). publish see 1. yayımlamak, 2. basmak (press). publisher see 1. yayımcı, 2. editör. publishing see yayımcılık. pudding see 1. Muhallebi, 2. puding. pull see 1. çekmek (drag, draw), 2. çekme, 3. yolmak, 4. iltimas, 5. çekiş, 6. etki (action, effect, impact, influence), 7. gelmek (come), 8. kayırma, 9. nüfuz, 10. asılmak. pulse see 1. vurum, 2. nabız, 3. bakliyat, 4. çarpmak, 5. vuruş (stroke). pump see 1. pompalamak, 2. pompa, 3. tulumba. punch see 1. delgi, 2. yumruklamak, 3. zımbalamak, 4. yumruk, 5. zımba. punishment see 1. ceza, 2. cezalandırma, 3. eziyet. pupil see 1. öğrenci (student), 2. gözbebeği. purchase see 1. alım, 2. kazanmak (win).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish purchaser see 1. alıcı (buyer, client, customer, receiver), 2. müşteri (client, customer). pure see 1. saf (absolute, clean), 2. arı, 3. temiz (clean, clear), 4. halis, 5. lekesiz, 6. katıksız, 7. katışıksız. purity see 1. arılık, 2. saflık, 3. temizlik. purple see mor. purpose see 1. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, target), 2. niyet (intent, intention), 3. maksat (intention), 4. gaye (aim), 5. tasarlamak (design), 6. kasıt (intention), 7. kastetmek. purse see 1. büzmek, 2. ödül (reward). pursue see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail), 2. sürdürmek (continue), 3. kovalamak. pursuit see 1. takip, 2. kovalama. push see 1. itmek, 2. hücum (aggression, assault, attack), 3. itiş, 4. itme, 5. kakma, 6. sıkıştırmak. put see 1. koymak, 2. yerleştirmek. pyramid see piramit.

Q qualification see 1. niteleme, 2. nitelik (quality), 3. vasıf, 4. kısıtlama, 5. sınırlama, 6. yeterlik, 7. ehliyet. qualified see 1. vasıflı, 2. şartlı, 3. kalifiye, 4. nitelikli, 5. kısıtlı. qualify see nitelemek. qualitative see nitel. quality see 1. kalite, 2. nitelik, 3. özellik (characteristic, feature, property), 4. vasıf. quantitative see nicel. quantity see 1. miktar (amount), 2. nicelik. quantum see 1. hisse (share), 2. kuantum, 3. miktar (amount, quantity), 4. nicem, 5. pay (share). quarter see 1. çeyrek, 2. mahalle, 3. semt, 4. bölge (belt, district, region, zone), 5. aman, 6. yerleştirmek. quarters see kışla. queen see 1. kraliçe, 2. dam (roof), 3. kız (girl), 4. vezir, 5. ibne. quest see 1. aramak (search, seek), 2. soruşturma (inquiry), 3. araştırma (investigation, research), 4. arama, 5. araştırmak (explore, investigate, research). question see 1. soru, 2. mesele (affair, matter), 3. sorgu (inquiry), 4. sorun (issue, problem), 5. şüphe (suspicion), 6. kuşku, 7. problem (problem). queue see 1. kuyruk (tail), 2. sıra (order, rank, sequence). quick see 1. hızlı (fast, swift), 2. çabuk, 3. süratli, 4. tez, 5. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 6. keskin

577

(bitter, sharp), 7. seri (series), 8. çabucak, 9. anlayışlı. quickly see 1. hızla, 2. çabucak. quiet see 1. sessiz, 2. sakin, 3. sessizlik (silence), 4. durgun, 5. gürültüsüz, 6. susturmak, 7. hareketsiz, 8. gösterişsiz, 9. huzur (peace). quite see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 2. oldukça (fairly, rather), 3. pek (very), 4. epey. quota see 1. pay (share), 2. kontenjan, 3. kota, 4. hisse (share). quotation see 1. iktibas, 2. aktarma (transfer), 3. alıntı. quote see aktarmak (transfer).

R rabbit see tavşan. race see 1. ırk, 2. soy, 3. yarış, 4. koşu, 5. nesil, 6. yarışmak. racism see ırkçılık. rack see 1. raf (shelf), 2. askı. radar see radar. radiation see 1. radyasyon, 2. ışıma, 3. ışınım. radical see 1. radikal, 2. kök (root), 3. köktenci, 4. köklü. radio see 1. radyo, 2. telsiz. radioactive see radyoaktif. radius see yarıçap. rage see 1. hiddet (anger), 2. köpürmek, 3. moda (fashion), 4. öfke (anger). ragged see pejmürde. raid see 1. akın, 2. baskın, 3. basmak (press). rail see 1. demiryolu (railway), 2. parmaklık, 3. ray. railway see demiryolu. rain see 1. yağmur, 2. yağdırmak. raise see 1. yükseltmek, 2. toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick), 3. büyütmek (expand), 4. yetiştirmek, 5. kaldırmak (lift, remove), 6. zam, 7. dikmek, 8. artırmak (increase), 9. kabartmak. raised see kabarık. rally see 1. takılmak, 2. ralli, 3. miting, 4. toplantı, 5. toparlanmak. ram see 1. koç, 2. şahmerdan, 3. toslamak. random see rasgele. range see 1. erim, 2. alan (area, domain, field, space), 3. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 4. saha (field), 5. otlak, 6. menzil, 7. dizi (array, series, string), 8. uzanmak, 9. dizmek. rank see 1. sıra (order, sequence), 2. rütbe, 3. dizi (array, series, string), 4. derece (degree, grade), 5. aşama, 6. bol (abundant, ample), 7. saf (absolute,

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

578

English - Turkish

clean, pure), 8. saymak (count, number), 9. sınıf (class), 10. gür. rape see kolza. rapid see 1. hızlı (fast, quick, swift), 2. seri (series), 3. dik. rare see 1. seyrek, 2. nadir, 3. olağanüstü. rarely see nadiren. rat see 1. sıçan, 2. hain, 3. dönek, 4. kalleş. rate see 1. oran (ratio), 2. saymak (count, number), 3. hız (speed), 4. kur, 5. fiyat (price), 6. derece (degree, grade), 7. nispet, 8. sınıf (class), 9. ücret. rather see 1. oldukça (fairly), 2. biraz (some). ratio see 1. oran (rate), 2. nispet. rational see 1. mantıklı, 2. rasyonel, 3. makul (reasonable), 4. ussal. rationale see gerekçe. raw see 1. ham, 2. işlenmemiş, 3. pişmemiş, 4. çiğ, 5. acemi, 6. taze (fresh), 7. deneyimsiz. ray see ışın (beam). re see yeniden (again). reach see 1. uzatmak (extend), 2. ulaşmak, 3. yetişmek, 4. uzanmak, 5. uzanma, 6. menzil, 7. erişme, 8. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 9. varmak (arrive, get). react see tepkimek. reaction see 1. tepki, 2. reaksiyon, 3. tepkime, 4. gericilik, 5. irtica. reactor see reaktör. read see 1. okumak, 2. Okuma (reading), 3. yorumlamak (interpret), 4. anlamak (see, understand). reader see 1. okuyucu, 2. okur, 3. düzeltmen, 4. okutman. readily see 1. isteyerek, 2. kolayca (easily). readiness see 1. gönüllülük, 2. çabukluk. reading see 1. okuma, 2. yorum (comment, interpretation). ready see 1. hazır, 2. alesta. real see 1. gerçek (actual, fact, true), 2. hakiki, 3. sahici, 4. asıl. realism see 1. gerçekçilik, 2. realizm. realistic see 1. gerçekçi, 2. realist. reality see 1. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 2. hakikat, 3. gerçeklik. realize see 1. gerçekleştirmek, 2. anlamak (see, understand), 3. uygulamak (apply). really see 1. gerçekten (indeed), 2. sahiden, 3. aslında, 4. cidden, 5. hakikaten. realm see 1. ülke (country), 2. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 3. krallık. rear see 1. büyütmek (expand), 2. yetiştirmek, 3. arka (back), 4. art, 5. dikmek, 6. geri (back), 7. şahlanmak. reason see 1. neden (cause, why), 2. akıl (intelligence, mind), 3. gerekçe, 4. us, 5. düşünmek (think).

reasonable see 1. makul, 2. akıllı (intelligent, wise). reasoning see muhakeme. reassurance see reasürans. rebel see 1. ayaklanmak (revolt), 2. isyancı, 3. asi. rebellion see 1. isyan, 2. ayaklanma. recall see 1. anımsamak (remember), 2. hatırlama, 3. hatırlamak (remember). receipt see 1. makbuz, 2. alındı (acknowledgement). receive see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, take), 2. kaldırmak (lift, remove), 3. uğramak, 4. taşımak (bear, carry). receiver see 1. alıcı (buyer, client, customer), 2. ahize, 3. almaç, 4. tahsildar. receiving see alış. recent see yeni (new, novel). reception see 1. resepsiyon, 2. kabul (acceptance, admission), 3. alma, 4. karşılama. recession see 1. düşüş, 2. durgunluk, 3. gerileme, 4. girinti. recipe see 1. reçete (prescription), 2. çözüm (solution). reckless see 1. kayıtsız (indifferent), 2. pervasız. reckon see saymak (count, number). recognition see 1. tanıma, 2. kabul (acceptance, admission, reception), 3. tanınma. recognize see tanımak (know). recommendation see 1. öğüt (advice, counsel), 2. tavsiye (tip). reconciliation see 1. uzlaşma, 2. barışma, 3. barış (peace). record see 1. kaydetmek (register), 2. dosya (file), 3. kayıt, 4. plak, 5. sicil, 6. tutanak, 7. rekor, 8. yazmak (type, write), 9. şöhret, 10. belge (document), 11. isim (name, noun). recording see kayıt (record). recover see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. iyileşmek. recovery see 1. iyileşme, 2. kurtarma (rescue). recreation see 1. eğlence (amusement, fun), 2. dinlenme (rest), 3. teneffüs. recurrence see tekerrür. red see 1. kırmızı, 2. kızıl, 3. al, 4. kýrmýzý, 5. komünist. redemption see 1. amortisman, 2. kefaret, 3. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 4. ödeme (payment). reduce see 1. azaltmak (decrease), 2. indirmek, 3. küçültmek. reduction see 1. indirim, 2. indirgeme, 3. küçültme, 4. azaltma. redundancy see artıklık. redundant see 1. gereksiz, 2. lüzumsuz. reed see 1. kamış, 2. saz, 3. sipsi. refer see 1. başvurmak, 2. bakmak (look, maintain, regard, view, watch), 3. göndermek (forward, send), 4. değinmek. referee see 1. hakem, 2. bilirkişi (expert).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish reference see 1. ilgi (interest), 2. referans, 3. gönderme, 4. ima, 5. bonservis, 6. başvurma. referendum see referandum. reflect see 1. yansıtmak, 2. düşünmek (think). reflection see 1. yansıma, 2. akis, 3. hayal, 4. aksetme, 5. ayıplama, 6. yankı (echo). reform see 1. reform, 2. düzeltmek, 3. ıslah. refuge see 1. sığınak, 2. barınak, 3. refüj. refugee see mülteci. refusal see 1. ret, 2. reddetme. refuse see 1. döküntü, 2. reddetmek, 3. süprüntü, 4. artık (remainder, residual). regard see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, view, watch), 2. bakış (look, view), 3. itibar, 4. saygı, 5. saymak (count, number), 6. dikkat (attention), 7. hürmet. regeneration see yenilenme. regime see 1. rejim, 2. sistem (system). regiment see alay. region see 1. bölge (belt, district, zone), 2. çevre (environment), 3. yöre. regional see bölgesel. register see 1. kaydetmek (record), 2. sicil, 3. kütük, 4. yazmak (type, write), 5. yazmaç, 6. sayaç (counter), 7. liste (list). registered see 1. kayıtlı, 2. taahhütlü, 3. tescilli. registration see 1. kayıt (record), 2. tescil, 3. kaydetme. regression see 1. gerileme, 2. regresyon. regret see 1. pişmanlık, 2. üzüntü, 3. esef, 4. teessüf, 5. üzülmek (worry), 6. aramak (search, seek). regular see 1. düzenli, 2. normal (normal), 3. olağan, 4. muntazam, 5. düzgün (smooth). regularly see muntazaman. regulate see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, set), 2. düzenlemek (arrange, order, organize). regulation see ayarlama. regulations see 1. mevzuat, 2. nizamname, 3. tüzük, 4. yönetmelik. rehabilitation see rehabilitasyon. rehearsal see prova. reign see saltanat. reinforce see sağlamlaştırmak. reject see 1. reddetmek, 2. ıskarta. rejection see ret. relate see anlatmak (tell). related see 1. akraba, 2. ilgili. relation see 1. ilişki, 2. bağıntı, 3. ilgi (interest, reference), 4. nispet, 5. akraba. relational see ilişkisel. relationship see 1. akrabalık, 2. ilişki (relation). relative see 1. göreli, 2. göreceli, 3. bağıl, 4. bağıntılı, 5. akraba, 6. izafi, 7. nispi, 8. hısım. relatively see 1. nispeten, 2. oldukça (fairly, rather).

579

relax see 1. dinlenmek, 2. gevşetmek, 3. yumuşamak. relaxation see 1. gevşeme, 2. gevşetme, 3. dinlenme (rest), 4. yumuşatma. release see 1. bırakmak (leave), 2. kurtuluş, 3. salıverme, 4. salıvermek, 5. tahliye. relevant see uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable). reliability see güvenilirlik. reliable see 1. güvenilir, 2. emniyetli. reliance see 1. itimat, 2. güven (faith). relief see 1. çare, 2. kabartma, 3. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 4. rölyef, 5. yardım (assistance, help). relieve see kurtarmak (save). religion see 1. din, 2. iman, 3. mezhep, 4. diyanet. religious see 1. dindar, 2. dinsel, 3. dini, 4. sofu. reluctance see 1. gönülsüzlük, 2. isteksizlik. reluctant see 1. gönülsüz, 2. isteksiz. remain see 1. kalmak (stay), 2. durmak (cease, halt, stand, stop). remainder see 1. kalan, 2. bakiye, 3. artık (residual). remaining see artan. remark see 1. açıklama (explanation), 2. söylemek (say, tell). remarkable see 1. olağanüstü, 2. fevkalade. remedy see 1. ilaç (drug), 2. düzeltmek, 3. çare, 4. deva, 5. derman, 6. iyileştirmek. remember see 1. anımsamak, 2. hatırlamak, 3. anmak, 4. unutmamak. reminiscent see 1. hatırlatan, 2. hatırlayan. remote see uzak (distant, far). remove see 1. kaldırmak (lift), 2. çıkarmak, 3. defetmek, 4. silmek (cancel, wipe), 5. derece (degree, grade). renaissance see Rönesans. render see 1. vermek (give, grant), 2. kılmak, 3. etmek (do, make), 4. çevirmek. renewal see yenileme. renowned see 1. şöhretli, 2. ünlü (famous). rent see 1. kira, 2. kiralamak, 3. yarık, 4. yırtık. repair see 1. onarım, 2. onarmak, 3. tamir, 4. gidermek, 5. düzeltmek, 6. gitmek (go). repay see ödemek (pay). repayment see karşılık. repeat see 1. yinelemek, 2. tekrarlamak, 3. nakarat, 4. tekrarlama, 5. Yinele. repertoire see repertuar. repetition see 1. yineleme, 2. tekrar (again), 3. tekrarlama. replace see değiştirmek (alter, change, modify). replacement see 1. değiştirme, 2. yenileme. reply see 1. cevap (answer, response), 2. yanıt (response), 3. karşılık.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

580

English - Turkish

report see 1. rapor, 2. söylenti, 3. söylemek (say, tell), 4. haber, 5. bilgi (information, knowledge), 6. anlatmak (relate, tell), 7. bildirmek (inform), 8. şöhret, 9. bildiri. reporter see 1. muhabir, 2. raportör. represent see 1. göstermek (indicate, point, show), 2. betimlemek (describe). representation see 1. temsil, 2. gösterim, 3. temsilcilik. representative see 1. temsilci, 2. vekil, 3. mümessil, 4. tipik (typical). repression see tutma (hold). reproduction see 1. üreme, 2. reprodüksiyon, 3. çoğaltma. republic see cumhuriyet. republican see cumhuriyetçi. reputation see 1. ad (name), 2. şöhret, 3. ün (fame), 4. nam. request see 1. istek, 2. istemek (want), 3. dilek, 4. rica, 5. talep (claim). require see istemek (want). required see gerekli (necessary). requirement see 1. gereksinim, 2. gerek, 3. icap, 4. ihtiyaç. rescue see 1. kurtarma (recovery), 2. kurtarmak (save). research see 1. araştırma (investigation), 2. araştırmak (explore, investigate), 3. incelemek. resemblance see benzerlik (analogy, similarity). resentment see 1. gücenme, 2. içerleme, 3. kızma. reservation see 1. rezervasyon, 2. şart. reserve see 1. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, separate, split), 2. yedek (substitute), 3. rezerv, 4. çekingenlik, 5. ihtiyat. reserved see 1. ayrılmış, 2. çekingen (shy). reservoir see 1. depo (store), 2. hazne. residence see 1. konut, 2. oturma, 3. ev (home, house). resident see 1. sakin (quiet), 2. yerleşik. residual see artık (remainder). resign see çekilmek. resist see 1. dayanmak, 2. direnmek. resistance see 1. direnme, 2. rezistans, 3. dayanma, 4. direnç, 5. mukavemet, 6. direniş, 7. dayanıklılık. resistant see dirençli. resolution see 1. karar (decision), 2. önerge, 3. teklif, 4. azim, 5. çözüm (solution), 6. çözünürlük, 7. kararlılık. resolve see 1. çözmek, 2. halletmek, 3. karar (decision), 4. niyet (intent, intention, purpose). resolved see 1. azimli, 2. kararlı. resource see 1. kaynak (origin, source), 2. çare. resources see 1. kaynaklar, 2. olanaklar. respect see 1. saygı, 2. hürmet, 3. riayet.

respectable see 1. saygın, 2. saygıdeğer, 3. namuslu. respects see 1. saygılar, 2. hürmetler. response see 1. yanıt, 2. cevap (answer, reply), 3. karşılık, 4. tepki (reaction). responsibility see sorumluluk (liability). responsible see sorumlu. responsive see 1. hassas, 2. hevesli. rest see 1. dinlenme, 2. es, 3. dinlenmek, 4. durak (station, stop), 5. rahat (ease), 6. dayanak (support), 7. mesnet, 8. kalan (remainder), 9. istirahat, 10. hareketsizlik, 11. dayanmak, 12. destek (support), 13. bakiye (remainder), 14. artık (remainder, residual), 15. dinlendirmek. restaurant see 1. restoran, 2. lokanta. restless see huzursuz. restoration see 1. iade, 2. onarım (repair), 3. restorasyon, 4. yenileme. restore see onarmak (repair). restraint see 1. baskı, 2. sınırlama, 3. tutma (hold). restrict see sınırlamak. restricted see 1. sınırlı, 2. gizli (confidential, hidden), 3. dar (narrow). restriction see sınırlama. restrictive see 1. kısıtlayıcı, 2. sınırlayıcı. result see 1. sonuç (effect, outcome), 2. ürün (crop, product), 3. netice, 4. semere, 5. son (end, final, finish, last). resume see 1. sürdür, 2. Devam (continuation). retail see perakende. retain see tutmak (hold, keep). retire see çekilmek. retired see emekli. retirement see 1. emeklilik, 2. inziva. retreat see sığınak (refuge). return see 1. dönmek (turn), 2. dönüş (turn), 3. getirmek (bring, fetch), 4. iade, 5. karşılık, 6. kazanç (gain, proceeds), 7. nüksetme. reveal see açıklamak (explain). revelation see vahiy. revenge see 1. intikam, 2. öç. revenue see gelir. reverend see muhterem. reverse see 1. ters, 2. aksi, 3. arka (back), 4. yenilgi, 5. zıt. review see 1. eleştiri, 2. dergi (magazine). revision see tashih. revival see 1. uyanış, 2. canlanma. revolt see 1. ayaklanmak (rebel), 2. ayaklanma, 3. isyan, 4. başkaldırmak, 5. iğrendirmek. revolution see 1. devrim, 2. ihtilal, 3. devir (period), 4. dönme (rotation). revolutionary see devrimci. reward see 1. ödül, 2. ödüllendirmek, 3. karşılık. rhythm see 1. ritim, 2. vezin, 3. ritm.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish rhythmic see ritmik. ribbon see 1. şerit, 2. kurdela, 3. kurdele. rice see 1. pirinç (brass), 2. Pilav. rich see 1. zengin (wealthy), 2. bol (abundant, ample), 3. gür, 4. paralı, 5. bereketli (fertile), 6. ağır (heavy, serious), 7. verimli (fertile). ride see 1. binme, 2. gezinti. rider see 1. atlı, 2. binici. ridge see sırt (back). ridiculous see 1. gülünç, 2. komik, 3. saçma (absurd). riding see 1. binicilik, 2. binme. rifle see 1. tüfek (gun), 2. soymak. right see 1. sağ, 2. doğru (accurate, correct, true), 3. haklı, 4. hak, 5. düz (flat, plain, smooth, straight), 6. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 7. düzeltmek, 8. dürüst (honest), 9. doğrultmak, 10. dik, 11. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true). rigid see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. eğilmez, 3. katı (solid), 4. bükülmez, 5. değişmez (constant, fixed). rigorous see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. şiddetli (bitter). rim see 1. jant, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin, side, verge), 3. çerçeve (frame). ring see 1. halka, 2. yüzük, 3. çalmak (steal), 4. çember, 5. çınlamak, 6. çınlatmak, 7. daire (circle), 8. ring. riot see 1. isyan, 2. ayaklanma, 3. ayaklanmak (rebel, revolt), 4. şamata. ripe see 1. hazır, 2. olgun, 3. olmuş. rise see 1. yükselmek, 2. çıkmak (exit), 3. doğmak, 4. yükseliş, 5. kalkmak, 6. tümsek, 7. yükselme, 8. terfi (advancement), 9. doğuş, 10. artış (increase), 11. bayır. rising see 1. ayaklanma, 2. isyan, 3. yükselen. risk see 1. risk, 2. riziko, 3. tehlike (danger, hazard). risky see 1. riskli, 2. rizikolu, 3. tehlikeli (dangerous, hazardous). ritual see törensel. rival see rakip. river see 1. nehir, 2. ırmak. road see 1. yol (path, route, way), 2. karayolu. roar see 1. gürleme, 2. gürlemek, 3. kükreme, 4. kükremek. rob see soymak. robbery see 1. hırsızlık (theft), 2. soygun. robust see 1. gürbüz, 2. sağlam, 3. güçlü. rock see 1. kaya, 2. sallanmak, 3. elmas (diamond), 4. sallamak, 5. taş (stone). rocket see 1. roket, 2. füze. rocky see kayalık. role see rol. roll see 1. yuvarlamak, 2. yalpa, 3. liste (list), 4. yuvarlanma, 5. salınmak, 6. sarmak (wind), 7. silindir (cylinder), 8. tomar, 9. dalgalanma, 10. rulo, 11. top (ball, gun).

581

rolling see yuvarlanma. romance see 1. masal, 2. romans. romantic see romantik. roof see 1. dam, 2. çatı. room see 1. oda (chamber), 2. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 3. fırsat, 4. neden (cause, why), 5. meydan. root see 1. kök, 2. kaynak (origin, resource, source), 3. köken (origin). rope see 1. ip (string), 2. halat, 3. urgan, 4. kement. rose see gül. rosemary see biberiye. rotation see 1. dönme, 2. dönüş (return, turn), 3. rotasyon, 4. deveran, 5. devir (period). rotten see 1. çürük, 2. berbat, 3. kokmuş, 4. bozuk (broken), 5. cılk. rough see 1. kaba (coarse, crude, gross), 2. pürüzlü, 3. taslak (draft, sketch), 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. kabataslak, 6. hoyrat, 7. fırtınalı, 8. kabadayı, 9. külhanbeyi, 10. ham (raw), 11. dalgalı, 12. tüylü, 13. yaklaşık, 14. pürüzlendirmek. roughly see 1. kabaca, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough). round see 1. Yuvarlak, 2. yuvarlamak (roll), 3. yuvarlaklaştırmak, 4. çevresinde, 5. daire (circle), 6. etrafında, 7. dönmek (return, turn). route see 1. rota, 2. yol (path, road, way), 3. güzergâh, 4. hat (line). routine see 1. yordam, 2. rutin. rover see 1. avare, 2. korsan. row see 1. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 2. gürültü (noise), 3. patırtı (noise), 4. dizi (array, series, string). royal see 1. kraliyet, 2. şahane. rubber see 1. kauçuk, 2. lastik, 3. silgi, 4. raspa, 5. prezervatif. rubbish see 1. saçma (absurd), 2. süprüntü, 3. çöp. rude see 1. terbiyesiz, 2. kaba (coarse, crude, gross, rough). rug see 1. kilim, 2. halı. rule see 1. kural (statute), 2. cetvel (ruler), 3. yönetmek, 4. hükmetmek, 5. usul, 6. tüzük, 7. hüküm (provision), 8. kanun (law). ruler see 1. cetvel, 2. hükümdar, 3. yönetici (administrator, director, manager). rules see tüzük. ruling see 1. başlıca, 2. yargı, 3. hüküm (provision). rumour see 1. dedikodu (gossip), 2. söylenti, 3. şayia, 4. yaymak (spread). run see 1. koşmak, 2. çalıştırmak, 3. koşu, 4. koşma, 5. dere, 6. akış (flow), 7. kaçmak (escape), 8. işlemek, 9. rağbet, 10. seyir, 11. yarış, 12. koşturmak. runner see koşucu.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

582

English - Turkish

running see 1. cari (current), 2. koşma, 3. sürekli (continuous), 4. koşan, 5. koşu, 6. akar, 7. akan, 8. işleyen, 9. işlek. rural see kırsal. rush see 1. saz, 2. saldırmak (attack), 3. koşturmak, 4. hücum (aggression, assault, attack), 5. üşüşme, 6. telaş, 7. sıkıştırmak, 8. koşma, 9. hamle, 10. akın, 11. acele, 12. koşmak (run). ruthless see 1. merhametsiz, 2. insafsız, 3. acımasız, 4. amansız.

S sack see 1. torba (bag), 2. çuval, 3. kovmak, 4. sepetlemek, 5. yağma, 6. yağmalamak, 7. yatak (bed). sacred see 1. kutsal (holy), 2. mukaddes, 3. dinsel, 4. mübarek. sacrifice see kurban (victim). sad see 1. acıklı, 2. üzgün, 3. hazin, 4. hüzünlü. saddle see 1. semer, 2. eyer, 3. yüklemek (load), 4. sele, 5. eyerlemek. sadness see hüzün. safe see 1. kasa, 2. emin, 3. sağlam, 4. tehlikesiz. safety see 1. güvenlik (security), 2. emniyet, 3. selamet. sail see yelken. sailing see 1. yelkencilik, 2. gemicilik. saint see 1. aziz, 2. evliya. salad see salata. salary see 1. maaş (pay, wage), 2. aylık (monthly). sale see 1. satış, 2. sürüm, 3. satım, 4. mezat, 5. talep (claim), 6. Ucuzluk. salon see salon. saloon see 1. meyhane, 2. bar (bar). salt see 1. tuz, 2. tuzlamak, 3. tuzluk, 4. tat, 5. nükte, 6. lezzet, 7. tuzlu. salvation see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2. kurtarılma, 3. kurtuluş, 4. selamet. same see aynı. sample see 1. örnek (example, model), 2. mostra, 3. numune, 4. eşantiyon, 5. örneklemek, 6. tatmak (taste), 7. göstermelik, 8. model (model). sanctuary see 1. sığınak (refuge), 2. tapınak (temple), 3. barınak, 4. mabet. sand see kum. sandwich see sandviç. sandy see kumlu. satellite see 1. uydu, 2. peyk. satisfaction see 1. tatmin, 2. memnuniyet, 3. hoşnutluk, 4. tazmin, 5. memnunluk, 6. doyum, 7. ödeme (payment). satisfactory see yeterli (adequate).

satisfied see 1. hoşnut, 2. memnun (glad, happy). satisfy see 1. doyurmak, 2. ödemek (pay), 3. gidermek, 4. inandırmak, 5. karşılamak. satisfying see doyurucu. sauce see 1. sos, 2. salça, 3. terbiye, 4. şımarıklık, 5. arsızlık. sausage see 1. sosis, 2. sucuk. save see 1. kurtarmak, 2. saklamak (store), 3. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 4. artırmak (increase), 5. biriktirmek, 6. hariç, 7. Kaydet. saving see 1. kurtarma (recovery, rescue), 2. tasarruf, 3. tutum (attitude), 4. kurtarıcı. saw see 1. testere, 2. bıçkı, 3. atasözü, 4. doğramak. say see 1. demek, 2. söylemek (tell), 3. söz (word), 4. tekrarlamak (repeat), 5. varsaymak (assume), 6. farzetmek. saying see 1. atasözü, 2. söz (word). scale see 1. ölçek, 2. cetvel (ruler), 3. terazi, 4. ölçü (gauge, measure), 5. derece (degree, grade), 6. tırmanmak (climb), 7. kefe, 8. kefeki, 9. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 10. ölçeklemek, 11. pul (stamp), 12. skala, 13. tartmak, 14. gam, 15. çap (diameter). scandal see 1. skandal, 2. rezalet, 3. dedikodu (gossip), 4. iftira, 5. kepazelik. scarcely see ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only). scarlet see 1. al (red), 2. kırmızı (red). scenario see senaryo (script). scene see 1. manzara (view), 2. sahne (stage), 3. rezalet, 4. dekor, 5. olay (event, fact, incident), 6. mizansen. scenery see 1. dekor, 2. manzara (view). scent see 1. sezmek, 2. esans, 3. koku. schedule see 1. cetvel (ruler), 2. program (program, programme), 3. liste (list), 4. tarife (tariff), 5. çizelge (table). scheme see 1. proje (design, plan, project), 2. tasarı, 3. düzenlemek (arrange, order, organize), 4. entrika, 5. plan, 6. tertip, 7. dolap (cabinet), 8. Düzen (order). scholar see bilgin. scholarship see 1. burs, 2. bilginlik. school see 1. okul, 2. ekol, 3. mektep, 4. öğretmek, 5. yetiştirmek, 6. eğitmek, 7. alıştırmak. science see 1. bilim, 2. ilim. scientific see 1. bilimsel, 2. ilmi, 3. kesin (definite). scientist see bilgin. scope see 1. kapsam, 2. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 3. saha (field), 4. olanak (facility, possibility), 5. fırsat, 6. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target). score see 1. puan, 2. skor, 3. çentik, 4. çizgi (line), 5. sebep, 6. partisyon, 7. kertik, 8. işaret (sign, signal), 9. hınç, 10. hesap (account, bill, calculation), 11. sayı (number).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish scrap see 1. döküntü, 2. kırpıntı, 3. kırıntı, 4. parçalamak, 5. ıskarta, 6. dalaş, 7. artık (remainder, residual), 8. dövüşmek, 9. hurda. scratch see 1. çizik, 2. kaşımak, 3. tırmalamak, 4. çizmek (draw), 5. tırmık, 6. kaşınmak, 7. karalamak, 8. çıkarmak, 9. sıyrık. screaming see bağıran. screen see 1. ekran, 2. perde (curtain), 3. elemek, 4. paravana, 5. saklamak (save, store), 6. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 7. gizlemek (hide), 8. elek, 9. bölme, 10. kafes (cage), 11. kalbur, 12. oynatmak, 13. siper (shield). script see 1. senaryo (scenario), 2. alfabe, 3. betik, 4. senet. sea see 1. deniz, 2. dalga (wave), 3. derya. seal see 1. damga (stamp), 2. mühür, 3. mühürlemek, 4. damgalamak, 5. ayıbalığı, 6. kapamak (close, shut), 7. fok, 8. conta. search see 1. aramak (seek), 2. araştırmak (explore, investigate, research), 3. arama, 4. yoklamak, 5. araştırma (investigation, research), 6. Ara (intermediate). searching see 1. keskin (bitter, sharp), 2. araştırıcı. seaside see 1. sahil (coast), 2. kıyı. season see 1. sezon, 2. zaman (time), 3. mevsim, 4. süre (duration, time), 5. vakit, 6. yumuşatmak, 7. kurutmak, 8. çeşnilendirmek, 9. alıştırmak, 10. olgunlaştırmak. seasonal see mevsimlik. seat see 1. koltuk, 2. yer (earth, ground, location, place, space), 3. yerleştirmek, 4. mevki, 5. oturtmak, 6. merkez, 7. iskemle, 8. sandalye (chair). second see 1. saniye, 2. ikinci. secondary see 1. ikincil, 2. ikinci (second), 3. tali. secrecy see gizlilik. secret see 1. gizli (confidential, hidden), 2. esrarlı, 3. sır, 4. saklı, 5. giz, 6. gizem, 7. mahrem. secretary see 1. sekreter, 2. bakan (minister), 3. katip, 4. yazman. secretion see 1. salgılama, 2. gizleme, 3. salgı. section see 1. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part), 2. kısım, 3. kesit, 4. kesim (sector, segment), 5. bölge (belt, district, region, zone), 6. kesme, 7. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 8. bölmek (divide, separate, split). sector see 1. kesim (segment), 2. sektör, 3. bölge (belt, district, region, zone). secular see 1. laik, 2. dünyevi. secure see 1. güvenli, 2. sağlamlaştırmak, 3. emin, 4. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 5. sağlam, 6. sağlamak, 7. şüphesiz, 8. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take).

583

security see 1. güvenlik (safety), 2. teminat, 3. güvence (assurance), 4. kefalet, 5. rehin, 6. emniyet, 7. kefil. sediment see 1. tortu, 2. telve, 3. posa, 4. çökelti. see see 1. görmek, 2. anlamak (understand), 3. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 4. görüşmek, 5. piskoposluk. seed see 1. tohum, 2. döl (offspring), 3. meni, 4. çekirdek (core, nucleus), 5. sperma. seek see 1. aramak (search), 2. araştırmak (explore, investigate, research), 3. çabalamak, 4. istemek (want), 5. uğraşmak. seem see görünmek (appear). segment see 1. kesim (sector), 2. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion), 3. dilim (slice), 4. bölüm (chapter, department, division, part, section), 5. bölüt, 6. bölmek (divide, separate, split), 7. segman, 8. kısım (section). seldom see 1. nadiren, 2. seyrek, 3. az (few, little). select see 1. seçmek (choose, pick), 2. seçme (selection), 3. seçkin, 4. Seç, 5. kalburüstü. selected see seçilmiş. selection see 1. seçim (choice, election), 2. seçme (select). selective see 1. seçmeli (optional), 2. seçici, 3. ayıran. self see 1. kendi, 2. öz, 3. kişi (person), 4. kişilik (personality), 5. bencillik, 6. karakter (character). selfish see 1. bencil, 2. egoist. sell see 1. satmak, 2. satış (sale), 3. satılmak, 4. kazıklamak, 5. hile, 6. dolap (cabinet), 7. aldatmak (trick), 8. sattırmak. seller see 1. bayi, 2. satıcı. selling see satış (sale). semantic see anlamsal. seminar see Seminer. senate see senato. send see 1. göndermek (forward), 2. yollamak, 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. Gönder, 5. fırlatmak. senior see kıdemli. sensation see 1. duyu (sense), 2. duyum, 3. sansasyon, 4. duygu (emotion, feeling, sense). sense see 1. duyu, 2. duygu (emotion, feeling), 3. anlam (meaning, significance), 4. his, 5. sezmek, 6. algılamak, 7. yön (course, direction), 8. hissetmek (feel), 9. düşünce, 10. anlayış (apprehension), 11. anlamak (see, understand), 12. kanı, 13. eğilim (inclination, trend). sensible see 1. makul (reasonable), 2. mantıklı, 3. akıllı (intelligent, wise), 4. duyarlı, 5. hassas, 6. hissedilir. sensitive see 1. hassas, 2. duyarlı, 3. duygulu, 4. alıngan. sensitivity see 1. duyarlık, 2. duyarlılık. sensory see 1. duyumsal, 2. duyusal.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

584

English - Turkish

sentence see 1. tümce, 2. cümle, 3. karar (decision), 4. hüküm (provision). sentiment see 1. his (sense), 2. duygu (emotion, feeling, sense). sentimental see 1. duygusal (emotional), 2. içli, 3. hissi. separate see 1. bölmek (divide, split), 2. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, split), 3. ayrı (apart, distinct), 4. ayrılmak, 5. müstakil, 6. bireysel (individual). separation see 1. ayrılma, 2. ayrılık. sequence see 1. sıra (order, rank), 2. dizi (array, series, string), 3. seri (series). sergeant see çavuş. serial see 1. dizisel, 2. dizi (array, series, string), 3. tefrika. series see 1. dizi (array, string), 2. seri, 3. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 4. silsile. serious see 1. ciddi, 2. ağır (heavy), 3. ağırbaşlı, 4. önemli (important, significant, substantial), 5. tehlikeli (dangerous, hazardous). seriously see cidden. serum see serum. servant see 1. hizmetçi, 2. uşak, 3. köle (slave), 4. kul. server see sunucu. service see 1. hizmet, 2. fayda, 3. görev (task), 4. servis, 5. ibadet, 6. uşaklık, 7. tebliğ, 8. yarar (advantage, benefit), 9. hizmetçilik, 10. ayin, 11. askerlik, 12. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 13. memuriyet. serving see porsiyon (portion). session see 1. oturum, 2. celse, 3. toplantı. set see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate), 2. grup (bunch, group), 3. set, 4. takım (team), 5. batmak, 6. kurmak (build, found, install), 7. koymak (put), 8. hazırlamak, 9. batış, 10. vaziyet, 11. belirlenmiş, 12. sabit (constant, fixed), 13. yerleştirmek, 14. fide, 15. değişmez (constant, fixed), 16. belirlemek, 17. batma, 18. alıcı (buyer, client, customer, receiver), 19. eğilim (inclination, trend), 20. küme (cluster, group). setting see ayar. settle see 1. yerleşmek, 2. yerleştirmek, 3. durulmak, 4. yatıştırmak, 5. yatışmak, 6. ödemek (pay), 7. konmak, 8. halletmek, 9. anlaşmak, 10. kararlaştırmak. settled see 1. yerleşik, 2. sabit (constant, fixed), 3. ödenmiş, 4. değişmez (constant, fixed). settlement see 1. halletme, 2. ödeme (payment), 3. tasfiye, 4. uzlaşma, 5. yerleşme, 6. ev (home, house), 7. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal, understanding). settling see yerleşme. seven see yedi. seventh see yedinci.

seventy see yetmiş. several see birkaç. severe see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. şiddetli (bitter), 3. sade, 4. haşin, 5. ağır (heavy, serious), 6. keskin (bitter, sharp). severity see 1. önem, 2. sertlik, 3. şiddet (violence). sex see 1. cinsiyet, 2. seks. sexual see 1. cinsel, 2. seksüel. sexuality see cinsellik. sexy see seksi. shade see 1. gölge (shadow), 2. gölgelendirmek, 3. gölgelemek, 4. nüans, 5. stor, 6. hayalet (ghost), 7. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 8. ruh (soul). shadow see 1. gölge (shade), 2. zerre, 3. gölgelemek (shade), 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. keder (grief), 6. eser, 7. koruma (conservation, protection), 8. karartmak, 9. karanlık, 10. hüzün, 11. hayalet (ghost), 12. gölgelendirmek (shade), 13. nebze. shaft see 1. mil (mile), 2. şaft, 3. dingil. shake see 1. sarsılmak, 2. silkmek, 3. sallanmak, 4. sarsıntı, 5. titreme, 6. çalkalamak, 7. sarsma, 8. sallamak, 9. sallama, 10. deprem, 11. sarsmak, 12. silkelemek, 13. atlatmak. shallow see 1. sığ, 2. yüzeysel (superficial). shame see 1. ayıp, 2. yazık, 3. utandırmak, 4. utanç, 5. utanma, 6. leke (spot). shape see 1. biçim (form, format), 2. şekil (figure), 3. biçimlendirmek, 4. şekillendirmek, 5. gelişmek, 6. yönlendirmek (direct), 7. durum (state, status), 8. form (form), 9. düzenlemek (arrange, order, organize), 10. kalıp (cast). share see 1. pay, 2. paylaşmak, 3. hisse, 4. bölüşmek, 5. aksiyon. shareholder see hissedar. sharp see 1. sivri, 2. keskin (bitter), 3. açıkgöz (smart), 4. zeki, 5. tiz, 6. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7. net (net), 8. aniden, 9. diyez. shed see 1. akıtmak, 2. kulübe (cabin, cottage, hut), 3. sundurma, 4. hangar, 5. baraka, 6. dökmek. sheep see koyun. sheer see 1. dimdik, 2. düpedüz, 3. halis, 4. sapmak, 5. sırf. sheet see 1. yaprak (leaf), 2. gazete (newspaper), 3. levha, 4. tabaka, 5. çarşaf. shelf see 1. raf (rack), 2. sergen. shell see 1. kabuk (crust, skin), 2. kovan, 3. fişek, 4. kik. shelter see 1. sığınak (refuge), 2. siper (shield), 3. barınak, 4. korumak (maintain, protect, shield), 5. barındırmak. shepherd see 1. çoban, 2. gütmek. shield see 1. kalkan, 2. korumak (maintain, protect), 3. siper, 4. zırh.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish shift see 1. vardiya, 2. değiştirme, 3. değişmek, 4. değişme, 5. değişiklik (change, modification), 6. değiştirmek (alter, change, modify), 7. çare, 8. yüklemek (load), 9. tedbir, 10. hile, 11. bahane (excuse), 12. kaçamak. shining see 1. ışıltılı, 2. parlak (shiny). shiny see parlak. ship see 1. gemi, 2. göndermek (forward, send), 3. nakletmek (carry), 4. vapur, 5. tekne. shipping see 1. nakliye, 2. taşıma. shirt see gömlek. shit see 1. bok, 2. sıçmak, 3. esrar, 4. sıçma. shock see 1. şok, 2. darbe, 3. vuruş (stroke), 4. sarsmak, 5. çarpma, 6. sarsma, 7. sarsıntı. shocking see berbat. shoe see 1. ayakkabı, 2. nallamak. shoot see 1. filiz, 2. vurmak (hit), 3. sürgün, 4. fırlatmak, 5. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 6. öldürmek (kill), 7. atış, 8. çekmek (drag, draw, pull). shooting see 1. atış, 2. avcılık. shop see 1. dükkân, 2. mağaza. shore see 1. sahil (coast, seaside), 2. kıyı, 3. payanda, 4. destek (support). short see 1. kısa, 2. bodur, 3. az (few, little), 4. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient), 5. aniden, 6. bücür, 7. eksik (missing), 8. gevrek, 9. kontak. shortage see 1. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain), 2. kıtlık, 3. yokluk (absence), 4. eksiklik (deficiency). shortly see 1. kısaca, 2. yakında. shorts see şort. shot see 1. girişim (interference), 2. aşı, 3. iğne (needle, pin), 4. menzil, 5. gülle, 6. atış, 7. erim (range), 8. deneme (essay, trial), 9. nişancı, 10. saçma (absurd), 11. şans, 12. fotoğraf (photograph). shoulder see 1. omuz, 2. banket, 3. omuzlamak, 4. sırt (back), 5. yüklenmek. shout see 1. bağırmak (call, cry), 2. bağırma, 3. seslenmek, 4. haykırmak, 5. feryat (cry), 6. bağırış. show see 1. göstermek (indicate, point, represent), 2. gösteri (demonstration), 3. şov, 4. sergi, 5. gösteriş, 6. fırsat, 7. teşhir, 8. temsil (representation), 9. şans, 10. öğretmek, 11. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 12. Göster, 13. görünüş, 14. görünmek (appear), 15. girişim (interference), 16. kanıtlamak. shower see 1. duş, 2. sağanak, 3. yağdırmak. showing see 1. gösterme, 2. gösteri (demonstration, show). shut see 1. kapamak (close), 2. kapatmak (close), 3. kapanmak, 4. kapalı (off), 5. kapanmış.

585

shy see 1. çekingen, 2. ürkek, 3. utangaç, 4. ürkmek, 5. fırlatmak, 6. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 7. korkak, 8. sıkılgan, 9. atış, 10. çekinmek. sick see 1. hasta, 2. rahatsız, 3. keyifsiz, 4. iğrenç, 5. bıkmış, 6. usanmış. sickness see 1. hastalık, 2. kusma. side see 1. yan, 2. kenar (border, edge, margin, verge), 3. taraf, 4. yön (course, direction), 5. kıyı. siege see kuşatma. sight see 1. görüş, 2. görme (vision), 3. görmek (see), 4. görünüş, 5. manzara (view). sign see 1. im, 2. alamet, 3. işaret (signal), 4. imzalamak, 5. belirti (symptom), 6. burç (tower), 7. jest (gesture), 8. tabela, 9. iz (trace, track, trail). signal see 1. işaret (sign), 2. sinyal, 3. im (sign). signature see imza. significance see 1. anlam (meaning, sense), 2. önem. significant see 1. önemli (important, substantial), 2. anlamlı. silence see 1. sessizlik, 2. susturmak, 3. susma. silent see 1. sessiz (quiet), 2. suskun. silently see sessizce. silk see 1. ipek, 2. ipekli. silver see 1. gümüş, 2. sırlamak. similar see benzer (analogous, like). similarity see benzerlik (analogy). simple see 1. basit, 2. yalın, 3. sade, 4. saf (absolute, clean, pure). simplicity see 1. basitlik, 2. sadelik. simply see 1. sadece, 2. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely). simultaneous see simultane. sin see 1. kabahat, 2. suç (crime), 3. günah. sincerely see içtenlikle. sing see 1. ötmek, 2. çınlamak, 3. vızıldamak, 4. şakımak, 5. söylemek (say, tell), 6. uğuldamak. singer see şarkıcı. singing see ötme. single see 1. tek (odd, unique), 2. bekar, 3. bir (one). sinister see 1. fesat, 2. kötü (bad, evil, poor). sink see 1. lavabo, 2. batırmak, 3. yatırmak, 4. batmak, 5. azalmak, 6. alçalmak, 7. kazmak (dig). sir see 1. bay, 2. beyefendi, 3. sör. sister see 1. hemşire (nurse), 2. abla, 3. kardeş, 4. rahibe, 5. hastabakıcı. sit see 1. oturmak (live), 2. oturtmak. site see 1. mevki, 2. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space). sitting see 1. oturma, 2. oturum (session), 3. oturan. situated see bulunan. situation see 1. durum (state, status), 2. konum (location, position), 3. mevki, 4. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 5. hal. six see altı.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

586

English - Turkish

sixth see altıncı. sixty see altmış. size see 1. büyüklük (magnitude), 2. boyut (dimension), 3. beden (body), 4. ölçü (gauge, measure), 5. boy (length), 6. apre, 7. çirişlemek, 8. hacim (bulk, volume), 9. numara (number), 10. tutkal, 11. çiriş. skeleton see 1. iskelet (framework), 2. çatı. sketch see 1. taslak (draft), 2. skeç, 3. kroki. ski see kayak. skill see 1. beceri, 2. hüner, 3. maharet, 4. marifet, 5. ustalık. skilled see 1. usta, 2. vasıflı, 3. becerikli. skin see 1. deri (leather), 2. cilt (volume), 3. kabuk (crust, shell), 4. post, 5. ten, 6. tulum. skipper see kaptan (captain). skirt see 1. etek, 2. eteklik, 3. kenar (border, edge, margin, side, verge). skull see kafatası. sky see 1. gökyüzü, 2. gök, 3. sema. slate see 1. arduvaz, 2. kayağantaş. slave see 1. köle, 2. kul. sleep see 1. uyumak, 2. uyku, 3. Uyuma. sleeve see 1. kol (arm), 2. yen, 3. zıvana. slender see 1. ince (fine, thin), 2. az (few, little), 3. narin, 4. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient). slice see 1. dilim, 2. dilimlemek, 3. kesmek (cut). slide see 1. slayt, 2. kayma, 3. sürgü, 4. kaymak (cream), 5. lam, 6. kaydırak, 7. heyelan, 8. kaydırmak. sliding see sürgülü. slight see 1. önemsememek, 2. zayıf, 3. hafif (light), 4. önemsiz (minor, trivial), 5. saygısızlık, 6. küçümsemek, 7. küçük (minor, small), 8. hakaret, 9. ince (fine, thin), 10. narin. slightly see 1. biraz (some), 2. hafifçe. slim see 1. zayıflamak, 2. incelmek, 3. zayıf, 4. ince (fine, thin), 5. yetersiz (inadequate, insufficient). slip see 1. sürçme, 2. hata (error, fault), 3. yanlışlık, 4. kaçmak (escape), 5. kayış, 6. kayma (slide), 7. kaymak (cream), 8. kaçırmak, 9. yanılmak, 10. kombinezon. slope see 1. yokuş, 2. bayır, 3. eğim, 4. meyil, 5. şev, 6. yamaç. slot see 1. delik (hole), 2. yarık, 3. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 4. yuva (nest). slow see 1. Yavaş, 2. yavaşlamak, 3. ağır (heavy, serious), 4. geri (back), 5. yavaşlatmak. small see 1. küçük (minor), 2. önemsiz (minor, trivial). smart see 1. açıkgöz, 2. şık (elegant), 3. zeki, 4. akıllı (intelligent, wise), 5. gösterişli, 6. keskin (bitter, sharp), 7. kurnaz, 8. yanmak (burn), 9. sızlamak, 10. şiddetli (bitter), 11. sert (hard,

harsh), 12. acımak (pity), 13. yakışıklı (handsome). smell see 1. koklamak, 2. koklama, 3. koku, 4. kokmak, 5. sezmek. smile see 1. gülümseme, 2. gülümsemek. smith see 1. demirci, 2. nalbant. smoke see 1. duman, 2. sigara (cigarette), 3. tütmek, 4. tütsülemek. smooth see 1. düz (flat, plain, straight), 2. düzgün, 3. yumuşak, 4. kolaylaştırmak, 5. hoş (pleasant), 6. düzlemek, 7. düzeltmek, 8. akıcı (fluid), 9. kolay (easy), 10. pürüzsüz, 11. sakin (quiet), 12. düzleştirmek. snake see yılan. snow see 1. kar, 2. kokain, 3. eroin. so see 1. böyle (such, thus), 2. kadar, 3. öyle, 4. şöyle, 5. böylece (thus), 6. çok (many, much, very), 7. öylesine, 8. pek (very). soap see 1. sabun, 2. sabunlamak. sober see 1. ağırbaşlı, 2. ayıltmak, 3. ciddi (serious), 4. gösterişsiz, 5. makul (reasonable), 6. ölçülü. soccer see 1. futbol (football), 2. ayaktopu. social see 1. toplumsal, 2. sosyal, 3. toplumcul. socialism see 1. toplumculuk, 2. sosyalizm. socialist see 1. toplumcu, 2. sosyalist. society see 1. sosyete, 2. toplum, 3. topluluk (community), 4. dernek (association), 5. kurum, 6. dostluk, 7. cemiyet, 8. arkadaşlık, 9. şirket. sociology see 1. sosyoloji, 2. toplumbilim. socket see 1. yuva (nest), 2. oyuk, 3. priz. sodium see sodyum. sofa see 1. kanepe, 2. sedir. soft see 1. tatlı (sweet), 2. uysal, 3. yumuşak, 4. alkolsüz, 5. cıvık, 6. hafif (light), 7. müşfik. software see yazılım. soil see 1. toprak (earth, ground, land), 2. arazi, 3. lekelemek, 4. leke (spot), 5. kirletmek, 6. kirlenmek, 7. kir, 8. pislik, 9. ülke (country), 10. gübre. soldier see 1. asker, 2. er. sole see 1. taban (base, floor), 2. tek (odd, single, unique), 3. yalnız (alone). solely see 1. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely), 2. sadece, 3. sırf. solicitor see avukat (attorney, counsel, lawyer). solid see 1. katı, 2. dolu (full), 3. som, 4. sağlam, 5. güvenilir, 6. kesiksiz, 7. masif, 8. bütün (all, entire, integral, whole), 9. sert (hard, harsh), 10. sıkı, 11. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 12. dayanıklı. solidarity see 1. birlik (union, unity), 2. dayanışma. solo see solo. solution see 1. çözüm, 2. eriyik, 3. çözelti, 4. solüsyon, 5. çare, 6. çözünme, 7. erime, 8. halletme. solve see 1. çözmek (resolve), 2. halletmek.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish some see 1. bazı, 2. biraz, 3. birkaç (several), 4. bazısı, 5. bir (one), 6. birtakım, 7. kimi, 8. yaklaşık. somebody see 1. biri, 2. birisi, 3. kimse. someone see 1. birisi (somebody), 2. biri (somebody). sometime see eski (former, old). sometimes see bazen (occasionally). somewhat see biraz (some). son see oğul. song see 1. şarkı, 2. türkü. soon see 1. yakında, 2. neredeyse (almost), 3. hemen (immediately), 4. erken (early), 5. birazdan, 6. çabuk (quick). sophisticated see kültürlü. sore see 1. yara, 2. acıyan, 3. ağrılı, 4. kızgın (angry). sorrow see 1. acı (bitter, distress, grief), 2. dert, 3. keder (grief), 4. üzülmek (worry), 5. üzüntü, 6. gam, 7. kederlenmek. sorry see 1. üzgün, 2. pişman, 3. maalesef, 4. affedersiniz, 5. üzgünüm. sort see 1. sınıflandırmak, 2. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 3. çeşit, 4. tür (kind, species, type), 5. ayıklamak, 6. sıralamak, 7. tip (type). soul see 1. ruh, 2. kimse, 3. can, 4. kişi (person), 5. öz (self). sound see 1. ses (tone, voice), 2. sağlam, 3. emin, 4. salim, 5. sağlıklı, 6. öttürmek, 7. ötmek (sing), 8. güvenilir, 9. gürültü (noise), 10. etki (action, effect, impact, influence), 11. derin, 12. deliksiz, 13. çalmak (steal), 14. çalınmak, 15. boğaz (throat), 16. anlam (meaning, sense, significance), 17. geçerli (current, valid). sounding see iskandil. soup see çorba. sour see 1. buruk, 2. ekşi, 3. ekşimek, 4. hırçın, 5. kesilmek, 6. bozulmak. source see 1. kaynak (origin, resource), 2. memba, 3. menşe. south see güney (southern). southern see 1. güney (south), 2. güneyli. sovereignty see 1. egemenlik (domination), 2. bağımsızlık (independence), 3. hakimiyet, 4. saltanat. space see 1. uzay, 2. alan (area, domain, field, range), 3. aralık (gap, interval), 4. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat), 5. boşluk (blank, gap, vacuum), 6. ara (intermediate), 7. süre (duration, time), 8. mesafe. spacious see 1. ferah, 2. geniş (large, wide). spare see 1. esirgemek, 2. zayıf, 3. yedek (substitute), 4. sıska, 5. kıymamak, 6. fazla, 7. boş (blank, empty, free, vacant), 8. az (few, little), 9. cimri, 10. kıt, 11. öldürmemek, 12.

587

serbest (free), 13. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate, split), 14. ihtiyat. spatial see 1. uzaysal, 2. uzamsal. speak see 1. konuşmak (talk), 2. söylemek (say, tell). speaker see 1. hoparlör, 2. konuşmacı, 3. sözcü, 4. spiker. speaking see konuşma (speech, talk). special see 1. özel (particular, private), 2. has. specialist see 1. uzman (expert), 2. mütehassıs. species see 1. tür (kind, type), 2. cins, 3. çeşit. specific see 1. belirli (definite), 2. özgül, 3. spesifik, 4. kesin (definite), 5. özel (particular, private, special), 6. özgü. specification see 1. belirtme, 2. belirtim, 3. şartname. specify see Belirtmek. specimen see 1. model (model), 2. numune, 3. örnek (example, model, sample), 4. göstermelik. spectacle see 1. manzara (view), 2. görünüş. spectacles see gözlük (glasses). spectrum see 1. spektrum, 2. tayf. speculation see 1. spekülasyon, 2. kurgu, 3. tahmin (forecast). speculative see 1. spekülatif, 2. kuramsal (theoretical), 3. kurgusal. speech see 1. konuşma (talk), 2. söylev (address), 3. nutuk, 4. söz (word), 5. demeç, 6. dil (language, tongue), 7. hitabe. speed see 1. hız, 2. sürat, 3. çabukluk. spell see 1. kriz (attack, crisis), 2. nöbet, 3. hecelemek, 4. büyü, 5. sihir. spelling see 1. yazım, 2. heceleme, 3. imla. spend see 1. harcamak, 2. geçirmek, 3. tüketmek. spent see 1. bitkin, 2. harcanmış. sphere see 1. çevre (environment), 2. küre, 3. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 4. sınıf (class), 5. tabaka, 6. yuvar. spider see örümcek. spin see 1. döndürmek, 2. eğirmek, 3. örmek, 4. çevirmek, 5. dönmek (return, turn). spine see 1. omurga, 2. belkemiği, 3. diken, 4. kılçık. spiral see 1. sarmal, 2. helezon, 3. spiral. spirit see 1. can, 2. canlandırmak, 3. ispirto, 4. ruh (soul), 5. peri, 6. öz (self), 7. hayalet (ghost), 8. canlılık, 9. cin, 10. maneviyat. spiritual see 1. manevi, 2. ruhani, 3. ruhsal, 4. kutsal (holy, sacred), 5. tinsel. splendid see 1. görkemli, 2. muhteşem, 3. mükemmel (excellent). split see 1. bölmek (divide, separate), 2. yarmak, 3. bölünme, 4. ayırmak (appropriate, divide, reserve, separate), 5. paylaşmak (share), 6. Böl, 7. yarık, 8. bozuşma, 9. çatlak, 10. çatlatmak, 11.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

588

English - Turkish

yarma, 12. ayrılık (separation), 13. bölüşmek, 14. bölünmek, 15. ayrılmak, 16. parçalamak. spokesman see sözcü. sponsorship see 1. destek (support), 2. himaye, 3. kefillik. spoon see 1. kaşık, 2. oynaşmak, 3. kaşıklamak. sport see 1. spor, 2. eğlenmek, 3. oynamak (play), 4. oyun (game), 5. oyuncak, 6. takılmak, 7. eğlence (amusement, fun). spot see 1. leke, 2. benek (dot), 3. nokta (dot, period, point), 4. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 5. lekelemek, 6. beneklemek, 7. mahal, 8. seçmek (choose, pick, select), 9. tanımak (know), 10. ayıp (shame), 11. yerleştirmek, 12. görmek (see). spotted see 1. lekeli, 2. benekli, 3. noktalı. spouse see eş (match, wife). spray see 1. püskürtmek, 2. sprey, 3. serpinti, 4. püskürteç. spread see 1. yaymak, 2. dağıtmak, 3. yayılmak, 4. örtü, 5. açmak (open), 6. sermek, 7. uzatmak (extend, reach), 8. yayılma, 9. açılmak, 10. ziyafet, 11. bulaştırmak, 12. dağılma. spreading see 1. yayma (emission), 2. germe. spring see 1. ilkbahar, 2. bahar, 3. yay (arc), 4. sıçramak, 5. zemberek, 6. yaylanma, 7. sıçrama, 8. pınar, 9. memba, 10. köken (origin), 11. fırlamak, 12. fırlama, 13. esneklik, 14. eğilmek, 15. çıkmak (exit), 16. çatlamak, 17. atlama (jump), 18. kaynak (origin, resource, source). spy see 1. casus, 2. gözetlemek, 3. gözetleme, 4. ajan (agent). squad see 1. manga, 2. ekip, 3. takım (set, team). squadron see filo. square see 1. kare, 2. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 3. meydan, 4. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 5. uydurmak, 6. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 7. kesin (definite), 8. düzeltmek, 9. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 10. dördül, 11. dürüst (honest), 12. bağdaşmak, 13. gönye. stability see 1. denge (balance, equilibrium), 2. kararlılık, 3. değişmezlik, 4. sağlamlık, 5. istikrar. stable see 1. ahır, 2. değişmez (constant, fixed), 3. kararlı, 4. sabit (constant, fixed). stack see 1. yığın (bulk, mass), 2. yığmak, 3. baca (chimney), 4. istif, 5. bolluk (abundance, plenty). stadium see stadyum. staff see 1. asa, 2. değnek, 3. destek (support), 4. personel, 5. porte, 6. sopa, 7. kurmay. stage see 1. sahne, 2. etap, 3. evre (phase), 4. menzil, 5. safha (phase), 6. aşama, 7. sahnelemek, 8. tiyatro. staircase see merdiven. stairs see merdiven (staircase).

stake see kazık. stall see ahır. stamp see 1. pul, 2. damga (seal), 3. marka, 4. ıstampa, 5. damgalamak, 6. zımba, 7. iz (trace, track, trail), 8. kalıp (cast), 9. basmak (press), 10. alamet (sign), 11. nitelik (quality), 12. ezmek. stance see duruş. stand see 1. durmak (cease, halt, stop), 2. durak (station, stop), 3. duruş, 4. kalmak (stay), 5. sehpa, 6. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 7. tribün, 8. dayanmak, 9. bulunmak, 10. durum (state, status), 11. direnme. standard see 1. standart, 2. ayar, 3. bayrak (banner, flag), 4. sancak, 5. derece (degree, grade), 6. miyar, 7. model (model), 8. ölçün. standing see 1. sürekli (continuous), 2. daimi, 3. sabit (constant, fixed), 4. devamlı, 5. saygınlık, 6. durgun, 7. mevki. star see 1. yıldız, 2. star. stark see 1. sade, 2. süssüz, 3. kesin (definite), 4. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very). start see 1. başlamak (begin), 2. başlangıç (beginning, origin), 3. başlatmak, 4. irkilmek, 5. başlama, 6. start, 7. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 8. kurmak (build, found, install), 9. irkilme, 10. sıçrama, 11. çıkış (exit), 12. çalıştırmak (run), 13. çalışmak (work), 14. avantaj (advantage), 15. gevşetmek. starting see 1. başlama, 2. çalıştırma, 3. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start), 4. çıkış (exit). state see 1. durum (status), 2. devlet, 3. eyalet, 4. belirtmek (specify), 5. görkem, 6. hal, 7. saptamak, 8. vaziyet, 9. söylemek (say, tell), 10. debdebe, 11. açıklamak (explain), 12. Ülke (country), 13. mevki. statement see 1. ifade (expression), 2. söz (word), 3. deyim (expression), 4. demeç, 5. bildiri, 6. beyan, 7. açıklama (explanation), 8. rapor (report). static see 1. statik, 2. duruk, 3. dural, 4. durgun. station see 1. istasyon, 2. durak (stop), 3. rütbe, 4. üs (base), 5. yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 6. merkez, 7. makam, 8. mevki. statistics see istatistik. statue see 1. heykel, 2. yontu. status see 1. durum (state), 2. hal, 3. mevki, 4. statü. statute see 1. yasa (law), 2. kural (rule), 3. tüzük, 4. kanun (law), 5. nizam, 6. hüküm (provision). statutory see 1. kanuni, 2. yasal (legal). stay see 1. kalmak, 2. kalma, 3. dayanmak, 4. ertelemek, 5. durdurmak (stop), 6. durmak (cease, halt, stand, stop), 7. oturma, 8. istralya, 9. ikamet, 10. gergi, 11. önlemek, 12. alıkoymak, 13. durma (halt, stop), 14. dayanma, 15. bırakmamak, 16. beklemek (expect, wait), 17. erteleme, 18. destek (support).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish steady see 1. sağlam, 2. devamlı, 3. sürekli (continuous), 4. düzenli (regular), 5. sabit (constant, fixed), 6. sevgili (beloved, dear, love), 7. şaşmaz, 8. sakinleştirmek, 9. yatıştırmak, 10. istikrarlı, 11. ciddi (serious), 12. dönmez, 13. değişmez (constant, fixed), 14. daimi, 15. muntazam. steal see 1. aşırmak, 2. çalmak, 3. kelepir, 4. hırsızlık (theft). steam see 1. buhar, 2. buğu, 3. enerji (energy), 4. güç (energy, force, power, strength), 5. hiddet (anger), 6. istim, 7. kuvvet (force, strength), 8. öfke (anger). steel see 1. çelik, 2. sertleştirmek, 3. katılaştırmak. steep see 1. demlemek, 2. dik, 3. ıslatmak (wet), 4. sarp, 5. yalçın, 6. aşırı (extreme), 7. fahiş. stem see 1. sap (handle), 2. gövde (body), 3. pruva, 4. çıkmak (exit), 5. durdurmak (stop). step see 1. adım (pace), 2. basamak, 3. kademe, 4. derece (degree, grade), 5. tedbir, 6. önlem (measure), 7. yürümek (walk), 8. adımlamak, 9. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 10. girişim (interference), 11. basmak (press), 12. girmek (enter). stereo see stereo. sterling see sterlin. steward see kamarot. stick see 1. yapıştırmak, 2. yapışmak, 3. değnek, 4. sopa, 5. sokmak, 6. saplamak, 7. baston, 8. sırık, 9. şaşırtmak, 10. kumpas, 11. koymak (put), 12. bıçaklamak, 13. delmek. sticky see 1. zor (difficult), 2. yapışkan. stiff see 1. katı (solid), 2. koyu (dark), 3. sert (hard, harsh), 4. zor (difficult). still see 1. hareketsiz, 2. yatıştırmak, 3. susturmak, 4. sessiz (quiet), 5. sakinleştirmek, 6. imbik, 7. durgun, 8. hala (aunt), 9. sakin (quiet), 10. durdurmak (stop), 11. daha (more), 12. köpüksüz. stimulate see 1. uyarmak (alert, warn), 2. canlandırmak, 3. kamçılamak. stimulation see 1. uyarım, 2. uyarma. stimulus see uyaran. stir see 1. canlılık, 2. karıştırmak, 3. telaş. stitch see 1. dikiş, 2. ilmik. stock see 1. stok (store), 2. soy, 3. sap (handle, stem), 4. nesil, 5. hammadde, 6. kabza, 7. basmakalıp, 8. kütük. stomach see 1. mide, 2. istek (request), 3. karın (belly), 4. katlanmak, 5. iştah, 6. heves, 7. hazmetmek, 8. dayanmak, 9. sindirmek. stone see 1. taş, 2. taşlamak. stool see 1. tabure, 2. dışkı, 3. oturak, 4. lazımlık. stop see 1. durmak (cease, halt, stand), 2. durdurmak, 3. durma (halt), 4. durak (station), 5. Durdur, 6. Dur, 7. alıkoymak, 8. engel (barrier), 9. nokta (dot, period, point, spot), 10. kesmek

589

(cut), 11. mani, 12. tıkamak (block), 13. son (end, final, finish, last), 14. duruş, 15. durdurma, 16. bitmek (end, finish), 17. kalmak (stay), 18. kesilmek. storage see 1. depolama, 2. depo (store), 3. ambar (store, warehouse), 4. bellek (memory), 5. saklama. store see 1. depo, 2. depolamak, 3. ambar (warehouse), 4. saklamak (save), 5. stok, 6. dükkân, 7. mağaza, 8. Dükkan, 9. biriktirmek, 10. bolluk (abundance, plenty), 11. doldurmak (fill). storm see 1. bora, 2. fırtına. story see 1. masal, 2. öykü, 3. hikaye, 4. kat (multiple), 5. makale, 6. efsane, 7. martaval, 8. rivayet, 9. yalan (lie). stove see 1. fırın (oven), 2. ocak, 3. soba. straight see 1. düz (flat, plain, smooth), 2. doğru (accurate, correct, right, true), 3. dümdüz, 4. güvenilir, 5. namuslu, 6. sek, 7. düzgün (smooth), 8. düzenli (regular), 9. dosdoğru, 10. dürüst (honest). straightforward see 1. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 2. basit (simple), 3. dürüst (honest). strain see 1. hava (air, weather), 2. ırk, 3. soy, 4. zorlanma, 5. nesil, 6. nağme, 7. melodi, 8. kan (blood), 9. zorlama (constraint), 10. ifade (expression), 11. germek, 12. germe, 13. gerilme, 14. gerginlik (stress, tension), 15. ezgi, 16. eser, 17. zorlamak (force), 18. iz (trace, track, trail). strand see 1. kıyı, 2. sahil (coast, seaside), 3. iplik (thread, yarn), 4. tel (wire), 5. yalı. strange see 1. garip, 2. acayip (peculiar). stranger see yabancı. strategic see stratejik. strategy see strateji. straw see 1. saman (hay), 2. hasır, 3. kamış (reed). stream see 1. akım (current), 2. dalgalanmak, 3. çay (tea), 4. akmak (flow), 5. akarsu, 6. dere, 7. akıntı, 8. sel (flood), 9. gidiş, 10. akıtmak, 11. akış (flow). street see 1. sokak, 2. cadde (avenue), 3. yol (path, road, route, way). strength see 1. kuvvet (force), 2. güç (energy, force, power), 3. sertlik, 4. dayanıklılık, 5. şiddet (violence). strengthen see 1. desteklemek (support), 2. güçlendirmek, 3. kuvvetlendirmek. stress see 1. stres, 2. gerginlik (tension), 3. önem, 4. vurgulamak (highlight), 5. vurgu (accent, emphasis), 6. gerilme, 7. baskı, 8. basınç (pressure). stretch see 1. uzatmak (extend, reach), 2. yayılmak, 3. germek, 4. gerinmek, 5. Gerinme, 6. gerginlik (stress, tension).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

590

English - Turkish

strict see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. sıkı, 3. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 4. katı (solid), 5. dikkatli (careful). strike see 1. grev, 2. bulmak (find), 3. vurmak (hit), 4. çarpmak, 5. çalmak (steal), 6. basmak (press), 7. çakmak, 8. vurma, 9. etkilemek, 10. çarpma. striker see 1. vurucu, 2. grevci. striking see çarpıcı. string see 1. sicim, 2. dizi (array, series), 3. ip (rope), 4. tel (wire), 5. şart, 6. kordon (cord), 7. kılçık, 8. dizgi, 9. bağ (bond, connection, link), 10. koşul, 11. germek, 12. şerit, 13. kiriş (beam). strip see 1. şerit, 2. soyunmak, 3. soymak, 4. çubuk (bar), 5. bant (band, tape), 6. forma. stroke see 1. vuruş, 2. inme, 3. vurmak (hit), 4. okşamak, 5. okşama, 6. hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement), 7. darbe, 8. çarpma, 9. hat (line), 10. felç, 11. okşayış, 12. çizgi (line). strong see 1. kuvvetli, 2. güçlü, 3. keskin (bitter, sharp), 4. ağır (heavy, serious), 5. sağlam, 6. sert (hard, harsh), 7. şiddetli (bitter). structural see yapısal. structure see 1. yapı, 2. bünye, 3. bina (building), 4. planlamak. structured see yapısal. struggle see 1. çaba (effort), 2. çabalama, 3. çabalamak, 4. savaş (battle), 5. uğraş, 6. uğraşmak, 7. boğuşmak. student see 1. öğrenci, 2. uzman (expert, specialist). studio see 1. stüdyo, 2. atölye (workshop). study see 1. inceleme, 2. incelemek, 3. araştırma (investigation, research), 4. çalışma (work), 5. çalışmak (work), 6. okumak (read), 7. taslak (draft, sketch). stuff see 1. şey (thing), 2. madde (item, matter), 3. tıkamak (block), 4. doldurmak (fill). stupid see 1. ahmak, 2. aptal, 3. akılsız (foolish). style see 1. stil, 2. biçem. subject see 1. konu (matter, topic), 2. özne, 3. mevzu, 4. denek, 5. uyruk, 6. tabi, 7. ders, 8. bağlı, 9. bende, 10. kul. subjective see öznel. submarine see denizaltı. submission see itaat. submit see sunmak. subscription see 1. Abonelik, 2. abone. subsequent see 1. sonraki (next), 2. müteakip. subsequently see sonra (after, afterwards). subsidiary see 1. yardımcı (assistant), 2. bayi. subsidy see sübvansiyon. substance see 1. madde (item, matter), 2. öz (self), 3. cisim, 4. sağlamlık, 5. servet, 6. zenginlik, 7. esas. substantial see 1. önemli (important, significant), 2. özlü, 3. dayanıklı, 4. sağlam, 5. gerçek (actual,

fact, real, true), 6. büyük (big, grand, great, large, major). substantially see 1. esasen, 2. oldukça (fairly, rather), 3. aslında. substantive see 1. isim (name, noun), 2. ad (name), 3. dayanıklı, 4. sabit (constant, fixed). substitute see 1. yedek, 2. vekil, 3. bedel. substitution see ikame. subtle see ince (fine, thin). succeed see başarmak. success see başarı (achievement). successful see başarılı. succession see sıra (order, rank, sequence). successor see 1. halef, 2. ardıl, 3. varis. such see 1. böyle (so, thus), 2. öyle, 3. çok (many, much, very). sudden see ani. suddenly see 1. ansızın, 2. birdenbire, 3. aniden, 4. birden. suffering see 1. acı (bitter, distress, grief, sorrow), 2. elem, 3. çile. sufficient see 1. yeterli (adequate), 2. elverişli. sugar see 1. şeker, 2. şekerim, 3. tatlım. suggest see 1. önermek (propose), 2. Öner. suggestion see 1. öneri, 2. önerme (proposition), 3. teklif, 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. ima, 6. telkin. suicide see intihar. suit see 1. dava, 2. takım (set, team), 3. uymak (fit), 4. yakışmak, 5. kostüm (costume), 6. uydurmak. suitable see 1. uygun (appropriate, apt), 2. yerinde, 3. elverişli, 4. münasip. suitcase see 1. valiz, 2. bavul (trunk), 3. Çanta (bag). suite see 1. takım (set, team), 2. maiyet, 3. süit. sulphur see kükürt. sum see 1. toplam (aggregate, total), 2. meblağ, 3. tutar, 4. toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick, raise), 5. yekun, 6. özet (abstract, outline, summary), 7. doruk (height, peak, summit), 8. öz (self). summary see özet (abstract, outline). summer see yaz. summit see 1. doruk (height, peak), 2. zirve (height, peak). summons see 1. çağrı (call), 2. davet. sun see 1. güneş, 2. güneşlendirmek, 3. güneşlenmek, 4. gün (day). sunk see gömme. sunny see 1. güneşli, 2. neşeli, 3. aydınlık. sunset see günbatımı. super see Süper. superb see 1. mükemmel (excellent), 2. enfes. superficial see 1. yüzeysel, 2. üstünkörü, 3. yarımyamalak.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish superintendent see 1. yönetici (administrator, director, manager), 2. müfettiş, 3. denetmen. superior see 1. üst (top, upper), 2. üstün, 3. kibirli (arrogant). superiority see üstünlük (advantage). supermarket see süpermarket. supervision see 1. gözetim, 2. nezaret, 3. idare (management), 4. denetleme (inspection). supervisor see 1. denetçi, 2. denetleyici, 3. gözetici, 4. müfettiş, 5. danışman. supplement see 1. ilave, 2. ek (appendix), 3. eklemek (add). supplementary see ek (appendix). supplier see satıcı. supply see 1. tedarik, 2. besleme, 3. mevcut, 4. sağlamak, 5. Arz, 6. erzak, 7. ikmal. support see 1. desteklemek, 2. destek, 3. dayanak, 4. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 5. tutma (hold), 6. sürdürmek (continue), 7. kaldırmak (lift, remove), 8. kanıtlamak, 9. yardım (assistance, help), 10. geçim, 11. destekleme, 12. dayanmak, 13. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 14. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 15. geçindirmek. supporter see 1. taraftar, 2. yardımcı (assistant), 3. arka (back), 4. bileklik. suppose see 1. sanmak (guess, think), 2. varsaymak (assume), 3. zannetmek, 4. farzetmek. supposed see sözde. supreme see 1. yüce, 2. son (end, final, finish, last), 3. ulu. sure see 1. kesin (definite), 2. sağlam, 3. muhakkak, 4. emin, 5. şüphesiz, 6. güvenilir, 7. elbette, 8. tabii. surely see 1. elbette, 2. muhakkak. surface see 1. yüzey, 2. cilalamak. surge see 1. dalgalanma, 2. dalgalanmak, 3. kabarmak, 4. kabarma. surgeon see 1. cerrah, 2. operatör (operator). surgery see 1. muayenehane, 2. cerrahlık. surgical see cerrahi. surplus see fazlalık. surprise see 1. sürpriz, 2. şaşırtmak, 3. şaşkınlık, 4. baskın, 5. hayret (wonder). surprising see şaşırtıcı. surrender see 1. feragat, 2. vazgeçme, 3. teslim (delivery). surroundings see 1. çevre (environment), 2. etraf, 3. muhit. surveillance see 1. gözetim (supervision), 2. nezaret. survey see 1. yoklamak, 2. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch), 3. tetkik. surveyor see bilirkişi (expert). susceptible see 1. hassas, 2. şıpsevdi, 3. alıngan.

591

suspect see 1. şüphelenmek, 2. kuşkulanmak, 3. sanık, 4. şüpheli. suspended see 1. asma, 2. asılı. suspension see 1. süspansiyon, 2. asma, 3. asılma, 4. erteleme. suspicion see 1. şüphe, 2. kuşku, 3. işkil, 4. iz (trace, track, trail), 5. vehim. suspicious see 1. şüpheli, 2. kuşkulu, 3. şüpheci, 4. şüphelenen. sustain see 1. çekmek (drag, draw, pull), 2. sürdürmek (continue), 3. taşımak (bear, carry). swan see kuğu. sweat see 1. ter, 2. terlemek, 3. terletmek. sweater see 1. kazak, 2. süveter. sweet see 1. tatlı, 2. hoş (pleasant), 3. sevimli, 4. şirin, 5. verimli (fertile), 6. cici, 7. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 8. nazik, 9. şeker (sugar), 10. sessiz (quiet), 11. taze (fresh). swift see 1. hızlı (fast, quick), 2. çabuk (quick), 3. süratli, 4. çevik. swim see 1. yüzmek, 2. yüzme (swimming), 3. yüzdürmek. swimming see 1. yüzme, 2. yüzücülük. swing see 1. salıncak, 2. sallanma, 3. sallanmak, 4. becermek, 5. asılmak. swinging see 1. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 2. hareketli. switch see 1. anahtar (key), 2. şalter, 3. çubuk (bar), 4. makas, 5. değiştirmek (alter, change, modify), 6. anahtarlamak. switching see 1. manevra, 2. anahtarlama. sword see 1. kılıç, 2. pala. symbol see 1. sembol, 2. simge. symbolic see 1. simgesel, 2. sembolik. symmetry see 1. simetri, 2. bakışım. sympathetic see sempatik. sympathy see 1. duygudaşlık, 2. acıma, 3. şefkat, 4. sempati. symptom see 1. semptom, 2. araz, 3. belirti, 4. bulgu. syndrome see sendrom. syntactic see sözdizimsel. syntax see 1. sözdizim, 2. sözdizimi, 3. sentaks. synthesis see 1. sentez, 2. bireşim. synthetic see sentetik. system see 1. sistem, 2. dizge, 3. evren (universe), 4. düzen (order), 5. şebeke. systematic see 1. sistematik, 2. düzenli (regular), 3. sistemli.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

592

English - Turkish

T table see 1. masa, 2. çizelge, 3. tablo (picture), 4. sofra. tackle see 1. takım (set, team), 2. tutma (hold), 3. uğraşmak. tactical see taktik. tactics see 1. taktik, 2. tabiye. tail see kuyruk (queue). take see 1. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive), 2. götürmek, 3. kazanmak (win), 4. yakalamak (catch, grip, trap), 5. tutuş, 6. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 7. çıkarmak, 8. dayanmak, 9. alma (reception), 10. kiralamak. taking see 1. alma (reception), 2. çekici. tale see 1. yalan (lie), 2. dedikodu (gossip), 3. masal, 4. öykü. talent see 1. yetenek (ability, capability), 2. kabiliyet. talented see yetenekli. talk see 1. konuşma (speech), 2. konuşmak (speak), 3. görüşme, 4. sohbet (chat), 5. söz (word), 6. laf. talking see konuşma (speech, talk). tall see 1. uzun (long), 2. yüksek (high, loud). tangible see 1. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 2. dokunulabilir, 3. maddi, 4. somut (concrete). tank see 1. depo (store), 2. tank, 3. sarnıç. tap see 1. musluk, 2. tıkırtı, 3. tıkırdatmak. tape see 1. bant (band), 2. şerit, 3. Teyp. target see 1. hedef (aim, destination, goal, objective), 2. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose), 3. erek (end). tariff see tarife. task see 1. görev, 2. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 3. külfet, 4. ödev, 5. vazife. taste see 1. tatmak, 2. beğeni, 3. tat, 4. zevk, 5. lezzet. tax see 1. vergi, 2. vergilendirmek, 3. yormak, 4. yük (load), 5. külfet. taxation see 1. vergilendirme, 2. vergi (tax). taxi see taksi (cab). tea see çay. teach see 1. öğretmek, 2. göstermek (indicate, point, represent, show), 3. eğitmek. teacher see 1. öğretmen, 2. hoca. teaching see 1. öğretim, 2. ders, 3. öğretme. team see 1. takım (set), 2. ekip, 3. tim. tear see 1. gözyaşı, 2. yırtmak, 3. yırtılmak, 4. yırtık, 5. koparmak, 6. kopmak. technical see teknik. technique see 1. teknik (technical), 2. yöntem (method).

technological see teknolojik. technology see teknoloji. tedious see sıkıcı (boring). telegraph see telgraf. telephone see telefon (phone). television see televizyon. tell see 1. söylemek (say), 2. anlatmak (relate), 3. bildirmek (inform), 4. demek (say), 5. emretmek (order). telling see 1. tesirli, 2. etkili. telly see televizyon (television). temper see huy. temperament see 1. huy, 2. mizaç, 3. yaradılış. temperature see ateş (fire). temple see 1. tapınak, 2. mabet, 3. şakak. temporary see 1. geçici (passing, tentative), 2. muvakkat. temptation see ayartma. ten see on. tenancy see kiracılık. tenant see 1. kiracı, 2. kiralamak. tend see 1. yönelmek, 2. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch). tendency see 1. eğilim (inclination, trend), 2. meyil. tender see 1. gevrek, 2. yumuşak, 3. sevecen, 4. hassas, 5. körpe, 6. müşfik, 7. nazik, 8. sunmak (submit), 9. teklif, 10. duyarlı. tennis see tenis. tense see 1. germek, 2. gerilmek, 3. gergin. tension see 1. gerginlik (stress), 2. gerilim, 3. gerilme, 4. germe. tent see çadır. tentative see 1. geçici (passing, temporary), 2. tecrübe (experience), 3. deneme (essay, trial). tenth see onuncu. term see 1. terim, 2. dönem (period), 3. süre (duration, time), 4. adlandırmak. terminal see 1. terminal, 2. uç, 3. son (end, final, finish, last), 4. uçbirim, 5. kutup (pole). termination see son (end, final, finish, last). terminology see terminoloji. terrace see 1. taraça, 2. teras, 3. set (set). terrain see arazi. terrible see 1. korkunç (horrible), 2. berbat. terrific see 1. korkunç (horrible, terrible), 2. müthiş. territory see 1. arazi, 2. toprak (earth, ground, land, soil). terror see 1. dehşet, 2. terör. terrorist see terörist. test see 1. sınamak, 2. test, 3. sınama, 4. sınav, 5. deney (experiment), 6. denemek, 7. deneme (essay, trial), 8. ölçü (gauge, measure), 9. muayene (examination). testament see vasiyetname. testimony see 1. tanıklık, 2. şahitlik.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish text see 1. metin, 2. konu (matter, subject, topic), 3. tekst. textile see 1. tekstil, 2. dokuma. texture see 1. doku, 2. bünye (structure), 3. yapı (structure). thanks see 1. teşekkür, 2. teşekkürler. theatre see tiyatro. theatrical see yapmacık. theft see 1. hırsızlık, 2. çalma. theme see 1. tema, 2. konu (matter, subject, topic). then see 1. sonra (after, afterwards), 2. öyleyse. theoretical see 1. kuramsal, 2. teorik, 3. nazari. theory see 1. kuram, 2. teori, 3. nazariye. therapist see terapist. therapy see 1. terapi, 2. tedavi (treatment). there see 1. orada, 2. oraya, 3. işte. thermal see 1. ısıl, 2. termal, 3. termik. thesis see 1. sav, 2. tez, 3. önerme (proposition). thick see 1. kalın, 2. koyu (dark), 3. sık, 4. boğuk, 5. yoğun (dense). thickness see kalınlık. thief see hırsız. thigh see 1. but, 2. uyluk. thin see 1. ince (fine), 2. zayıf, 3. sulu, 4. seyrek, 5. inceltmek, 6. cılız, 7. incelmek. thing see 1. şey, 2. yaratık, 3. madde (item, matter), 4. nesne (object). think see 1. sanmak (guess, suppose), 2. düşünmek, 3. zannetmek. thinking see 1. düşünme, 2. düşünce, 3. düşünen. third see üçüncü. thirty see otuz. thorough see tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very). thoroughly see adamakıllı. thou see sen. though see gerçi. thought see 1. düşünce, 2. görüş (sight), 3. kanı, 4. düşünme, 5. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 6. niyet (intent, intention, purpose). thoughtful see 1. düşünceli, 2. dikkatli (careful). thousand see bin. thread see 1. iplik (yarn), 2. tel (wire), 3. lif. threat see 1. gözdağı, 2. tehdit, 3. tehlike (danger, hazard), 4. korkutma. threaten see korkutmak. three see üç. threshold see 1. eşik, 2. başlangıç (beginning, origin, start). throat see 1. boğaz, 2. gırtlak. throne see taht. through see 1. içinden, 2. arasından, 3. sayesinde, 4. yüzünden. throughout see boyunca.

593

throw see 1. atmak (cast, pitch), 2. atma, 3. fırlatmak, 4. vermek (give, grant), 5. atış. thrust see 1. dürtmek, 2. saplamak. thumb see başparmak. thunder see 1. gümbürdemek, 2. gürlemek. thus see 1. böylece, 2. böyle (so, such). ticket see 1. bilet, 2. etiket (label), 3. etiketlemek, 4. ehliyet. tide see 1. gelgit, 2. akış (flow), 3. cereyan, 4. eğilim (inclination, trend), 5. mevsim. tidy see 1. epey, 2. temiz (clean, clear), 3. tertipli, 4. düzenli (regular). tie see 1. bağlamak (link), 2. kravat, 3. bağ (bond, connection, link), 4. düğüm (node), 5. evlendirmek (marry), 6. düğümlemek, 7. boyunbağı, 8. beraberlik, 9. bağlantı (connection, link). tiger see kaplan. tight see 1. gergin, 2. sıkı. till see kasa. timber see kereste. time see 1. zaman, 2. süre (duration), 3. saat (clock, hour, o'clock), 4. vakit, 5. çağ (era), 6. kere, 7. vade, 8. devir (period), 9. zamanlamak, 10. müddet. timetable see tarife (tariff). timing see zamanlama. tin see 1. kalay, 2. teneke. tiny see 1. minicik, 2. küçücük, 3. ufacık. tip see 1. tavsiye, 2. uç, 3. bahşiş, 4. burun (nose), 5. eğilmek, 6. tepe (hill). tired see yorgun (weary). tissue see doku (texture). title see 1. Ünvan, 2. başlık (heading), 3. hak, 4. isim (name, noun), 5. unvan. to achieve see 1. başarmak, 2. kazanmak (win). to adopt see 1. benimsemek, 2. edinmek (acquire). to advise see 1. öğütlemek, 2. bildirmek (inform). to bring see getirmek (fetch). to celebrate see kutlamak. to come see 1. gelmek, 2. ulaşmak (reach). to compensate see 1. dengelemek (balance), 2. eşitlemek, 3. karşılamak. to compete see yarışmak. to complain see yakınmak. to comply see uymak (fit). to contemplate see tasarlamak (design). to convey see 1. nakletmek (carry), 2. götürmek, 3. taşımak (bear, carry). to create see 1. yaratmak, 2. atamak. to deny see 1. yalanlamak, 2. yadsımak. to derive see 1. çıkarmak, 2. türetmek, 3. almak (accept, buy, get, have, receive, take). to describe see 1. betimlemek, 2. tanımlamak (define), 3. çizmek (draw).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

594

English - Turkish

to develop see 1. gelişmek, 2. geliştirmek. to differ see benzememek. to discover see 1. bulmak (find, strike), 2. keşfetmek, 3. anlamak (see, understand). to disturb see 1. karıştırmak, 2. aksatmak, 3. bozmak. to earn see kazanmak (win). to evaluate see değerlendirmek. to exist see 1. yaşamak (live), 2. bulunmak, 3. olmak (become, get, happen). to expect see 1. beklemek (wait), 2. sanmak (guess, suppose, think). to fulfil see yapmak (do, make, perform). to include see 1. içermek, 2. kapsamak, 3. katmak. to induce see kandırmak. to insist see dayatmak. to introduce see 1. başlamak (begin, start), 2. tanıştırmak, 3. tanıtmak, 4. öğretmek. to investigate see 1. araştırmak (explore, research), 2. incelemek, 3. soruşturmak. to listen see dinlemek. to modify see 1. değiştirmek (alter, change), 2. hafifletmek. to noun see 1. isim (name), 2. ad (name). to occur see 1. olmak (become, get, happen), 2. bulunmak. to persuade see 1. inandırmak, 2. kandırmak. to predict see öngörmek. to prefer see 1. yeğlemek, 2. sunmak (submit). to provide see 1. sağlamak, 2. vermek (give, grant). to pursue see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail), 2. sürdürmek (continue), 3. kovalamak. to qualify see nitelemek. to react see tepkimek. to recover see 1. kurtarmak (save), 2. iyileşmek. to refer see 1. başvurmak, 2. bakmak (look, maintain, regard, view, watch), 3. göndermek (forward, send), 4. değinmek. to reinforce see sağlamlaştırmak. to relate see anlatmak (tell). to remember see 1. anımsamak, 2. hatırlamak, 3. anmak, 4. unutmamak. to replace see değiştirmek (alter, change, modify). to resign see çekilmek. to restrict see sınırlamak. to retain see tutmak (hold, keep). to seem see görünmek (appear). to send see 1. göndermek (forward), 2. yollamak, 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. Gönder, 5. fırlatmak. to tend see 1. yönelmek, 2. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view, watch). to transform see dönüştürmek (convert). to undertake see 1. yüklenmek, 2. üstlenmek, 3. girişmek.

to warn see uyarmak (alert). tobacco see tütün. today see bugün. toe see parmak (finger). together see 1. beraber, 2. birlikte. toilet see 1. tuvalet (bathroom, lavatory), 2. hela. tolerance see 1. hoşgörü, 2. tolerans, 3. dayanma, 4. müsamaha. tolerate see katlanmak. toll see çalmak (steal). tomato see domates. tomb see 1. kabir, 2. mezar, 3. türbe. tomorrow see yarın. tone see 1. ton, 2. ses (sound, voice), 3. tavır (attitude), 4. perde (curtain, screen), 5. koyuluk, 6. tarz (genre). tongue see 1. dil (language), 2. lisan (language). too see 1. de (also), 2. dahi, 3. fazla, 4. da (also), 5. çok (many, much, very), 6. keza, 7. ayrıca. tool see 1. araç (implement, instrument, means), 2. alet (implement, instrument). tooth see diş. top see 1. üst (upper), 2. tepe (hill), 3. doruk (height, peak, summit), 4. zirve (height, peak, summit), 5. topaç, 6. baş (chief, head, master), 7. aşmak, 8. geçmek (pass). topic see konu (matter, subject). torch see meşale. torture see 1. işkence, 2. eziyet. total see 1. toplam (aggregate, sum), 2. tutar, 3. toplamak (add, collect, gather, pick, raise), 4. bütün (all, entire, integral, whole), 5. etmek (do, make), 6. tutmak (hold, keep, retain), 7. tüm (all). touch see 1. dokunmak, 2. dokunma, 3. ellemek, 4. temas (contact), 5. taç, 6. üslup, 7. iz (trace, track, trail), 8. dokunuş, 9. değmek, 10. değme, 11. etkilemek. touching see acıklı. tough see 1. çetin, 2. dayanıklı, 3. sağlam, 4. sert (hard, harsh), 5. kabadayı. tour see 1. gezi (trip), 2. gezmek, 3. tur, 4. turne, 5. nöbet, 6. dolaşmak. tourism see turizm. tourist see turist. tournament see turnuva. towel see havlu. tower see 1. burç, 2. kule, 3. hisar, 4. kale (castle, goal). town see 1. şehir (city), 2. kent (city), 3. kasaba. toxic see zehirli. toy see oyuncak. trace see 1. iz (track, trail), 2. izlemek (monitor, track, trail), 3. kalıntı, 4. çizmek (draw), 5. işaret (sign, signal).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish track see 1. iz (trace, trail), 2. izlemek (monitor, trace, trail), 3. ray, 4. patika (trail), 5. pist, 6. yol (path, road, route, way), 7. palet. tract see 1. alan (area, domain, field, range, space), 2. bölge (belt, district, region, zone), 3. broşür, 4. risale, 5. saha (field), 6. sistem (system), 7. toprak (earth, ground, land, soil). tractor see 1. traktör, 2. çekici. trade see 1. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work), 2. meslek, 3. sanat (art), 4. ticaret (commerce), 5. alışveriş. tradition see gelenek (custom). traditional see geleneksel (conventional). traffic see 1. trafik, 2. ticaret (commerce), 3. alışveriş. tragedy see 1. trajedi, 2. facia, 3. felaket. tragic see 1. trajik, 2. acıklı, 3. feci, 4. korkunç (horrible, terrible). trail see 1. izlemek (monitor, trace, track), 2. iz (trace, track), 3. patika, 4. kuyruk (queue, tail), 5. sürüklemek (drag), 6. sürüklenmek, 7. sürünmek. train see 1. tren, 2. kervan, 3. katar, 4. yetiştirmek, 5. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 6. alıştırmak, 7. kafile, 8. eğitmek, 9. dizi (array, series, string), 10. maiyet. trained see eğitilmiş. trainee see stajyer. trainer see 1. antrenör, 2. çalıştırıcı. training see 1. Eğitim (education), 2. idman, 3. antrenman, 4. terbiye, 5. çalışma (work). transaction see hareket (act, action, motion, move, movement). transcription see transkripsiyon. transfer see 1. aktarma, 2. aktarmak, 3. nakletmek (carry), 4. transfer, 5. devretmek, 6. devir (period), 7. geçirmek. transform see dönüştürmek (convert). transformation see 1. dönüşüm, 2. transformasyon. transition see 1. geçiş (pass), 2. intikal. translation see 1. tercüme, 2. çeviri (version). transmission see 1. transmisyon, 2. iletme, 3. vites, 4. iletim, 5. geçirme, 6. gönderme. transparent see 1. saydam, 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3. şeffaf. transport see 1. taşımak (bear, carry), 2. taşıma, 3. nakil, 4. nakletmek (carry). transportation see sürgün. trap see 1. tuzak, 2. yakalamak (catch, grip), 3. ağız (mouth), 4. kapan, 5. ayırıcı. trauma see travma. travel see 1. seyahat (journey), 2. yolculuk (journey). traveller see 1. seyyah, 2. yolcu (passenger). travelling see 1. gezici, 2. seyahat (journey), 3. seyyar. tray see 1. tepsi, 2. tabla, 3. sini.

595

treasurer see veznedar. treasury see hazine. treat see 1. davranmak (act), 2. zevk, 3. ısmarlamak, 4. ikram. treatment see 1. tedavi, 2. davranış (attitude), 3. muamele. tree see ağaç (wood). tremendous see 1. kocaman (huge), 2. heybetli, 3. şahane. trench see 1. çukur (pit), 2. hendek, 3. siper (shield). trend see 1. eğilim (inclination), 2. akım (current, stream), 3. meyil, 4. yönelmek. trial see 1. deneme (essay), 2. duruşma, 3. dert, 4. yargılama, 5. dava, 6. çile, 7. sınav. triangle see üçgen. tribe see 1. kabile, 2. oymak, 3. aşiret, 4. boy (length). tribunal see mahkeme. tribute see 1. takdir, 2. haraç, 3. övgü. trick see 1. aldatmak, 2. dalavere, 3. hile, 4. kandırmak, 5. marifet, 6. oyun (game), 7. dolap (cabinet). tricky see hileli. tried see güvenilir. trio see üçlü. trip see 1. gezi, 2. hata (error, fault), 3. sürçme, 4. gezinti, 5. kastanyola, 6. sürçmek, 7. tökezleme, 8. tökezlemek. triumph see 1. utku, 2. zafer (victory). triumphant see 1. muzaffer, 2. galip. trivial see önemsiz (minor). tropical see tropikal. trouble see 1. sıkıntı, 2. üzüntü, 3. zahmet, 4. dert, 5. üzülmek (worry), 6. rahatsızlık, 7. bulandırmak, 8. bela, 9. arıza (fault), 10. hastalık, 11. sorun (issue, problem). trousers see pantolon. truck see kamyon. true see 1. gerçek (actual, fact, real), 2. doğru (accurate, correct, right), 3. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 4. içten, 5. hakiki, 6. asıl, 7. sadık, 8. sahi, 9. samimi, 10. halis. truly see 1. gerçekten (indeed, really), 2. hakikaten, 3. içtenlikle. trunk see 1. bavul, 2. beden (body), 3. gövde (body). trust see 1. güven (faith, reliance), 2. güvenmek, 3. inanmak (believe), 4. tröst. trustee see 1. mütevelli, 2. mutemet. truth see 1. doğruluk (accuracy), 2. dürüstlük (honesty), 3. hakikat, 4. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true), 5. gerçeklik, 6. vefa. try see 1. çalışmak (work), 2. deneme (essay, trial), 3. denemek, 4. yargılamak, 5. sınamak (test). trying see zahmetli. tube see 1. boru (pipe), 2. tüp, 3. metro.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

596

English - Turkish

tumour see 1. tümör, 2. ur. tune see 1. ayarlamak (adjust, regulate, set), 2. akort, 3. beste, 4. nağme, 5. uyum. tunnel see tünel. turbulent see 1. çalkantılı, 2. fırtınalı. turkey see 1. Türkiye, 2. hindi. turn see 1. dönmek (return), 2. dönüş (return), 3. çevirmek, 4. döndürmek (spin), 5. sıra (order, rank, sequence), 6. nöbet, 7. yöneltmek, 8. sarım, 9. sapmak, 10. dönüştürmek (convert, transform), 11. dönüşmek, 12. sapma (deviation, drift). turner see tornacı. turning see 1. dönemeç, 2. dönme (rotation), 3. dönüş (return, turn). turnover see 1. ciro, 2. devir (period). tutor see vasi. twentieth see yirminci. twenty see yirmi. twin see ikiz. twist see 1. bükme (bend), 2. bükmek, 3. bükülmek, 4. düğüm (node), 5. ibrişim, 6. bükülme, 7. burkmak, 8. sarmak (wind). two see iki. type see 1. tür (kind, species), 2. tip, 3. yazmak (write), 4. örnek (example, model, sample). typical see tipik.

U ugly see 1. çirkin, 2. iğrenç, 3. ters (reverse), 4. tatsız, 5. kötü (bad, evil, poor), 6. fırtınalı, 7. biçimsiz, 8. huysuz. ulcer see 1. ülser, 2. yara. ultimate see 1. son (end, final, finish, last), 2. esas, 3. nihai. umbrella see şemsiye. unable see 1. aciz (helpless), 2. olanaksız. unaffected see 1. etkilenmemiş, 2. yapmacıksız. unaware see 1. habersiz, 2. önemsemeyen. uncertain see 1. şüpheli, 2. belirsiz (ambiguous), 3. kararsız. uncertainty see 1. belirsizlik, 2. şüphe (suspicion). uncle see amca. uncomfortable see rahatsız. uncommon see nadir. unconscious see 1. baygın, 2. bilinçsiz, 3. kasıtsız, 4. şuursuz. under see 1. altında, 2. aşağısına, 3. altına. underground see 1. metro, 2. yeraltı, 3. gizli (confidential, hidden). undermine see baltalamak. underneath see 1. altına, 2. altında, 3. altından, 4. alt (bottom).

understand see 1. anlamak (see), 2. kavramak (grip), 3. öğrenmek (learn). understandable see anlaşılır. understanding see 1. anlaşma (accord, agreement, deal), 2. anlayış (apprehension), 3. anlayışlı, 4. anlama, 5. kavrayış. undertake see 1. yüklenmek, 2. üstlenmek, 3. girişmek. undertaking see 1. girişim (interference), 2. taahhüt, 3. vaat, 4. söz (word). undesirable see istenmeyen. uneasy see 1. endişeli, 2. rahatsız, 3. tedirgin, 4. tutuk, 5. huzursuz (restless), 6. sıkıntılı. unemployed see 1. aylak (idle), 2. işsiz. unemployment see işsizlik. uneven see 1. pürüzlü, 2. engebeli, 3. tek (odd, single, unique). unexpected see beklenmedik. unfair see 1. haksız, 2. hileli. unfamiliar see yabancı. unfortunate see 1. talihsiz, 2. şanssız, 3. başarısız, 4. bahtsız. unfortunately see maalesef. unhappy see 1. mutsuz, 2. bedbaht, 3. yersiz, 4. kederli, 5. şanssız. unification see 1. birleşme, 2. birleştirme. uniform see 1. üniforma, 2. birörnek, 3. tekdüze, 4. aynı (same), 5. düzenli (regular). union see 1. birlik (unity), 2. sendika, 3. birleşme. unique see 1. tek (odd, single), 2. benzersiz, 3. eşsiz, 4. biricik, 5. nadir. unit see 1. birim, 2. ünite, 3. birlik (union, unity), 4. parça (component, item, part, piece, portion, segment), 5. takım (set, team). united see 1. birleşik (joint), 2. birleşmiş. unity see 1. birlik (union), 2. beraberlik. universal see evrensel. universe see 1. evren, 2. alem (kingdom). university see üniversite. unknown see 1. Bilinmeyen, 2. meçhul, 3. yabancı. unlawful see 1. kanunsuz, 2. yolsuz. unlimited see sınırsız. unmarried see evlenmemiş. unnecessary see 1. gereksiz, 2. lüzumsuz. unpleasant see 1. nahoş, 2. tatsız, 3. çirkin (ugly). unreasonable see 1. mantıksız, 2. aşırı (extreme), 3. fahiş, 4. akılsız (foolish). unrest see 1. huzursuzluk, 2. rahatsızlık. unstable see 1. dengesiz, 2. kararsız. unsuitable see 1. elverişsiz, 2. uygunsuz. unusual see 1. olağandışı, 2. nadir. up see 1. yükseltmek (raise), 2. yukarıya, 3. Yukarı, 4. kuzeye, 5. yukarıda (above). upper see 1. üst (top), 2. üstteki.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish upright see 1. dik, 2. dürüst (honest), 3. namuslu, 4. dikey (vertical). upset see 1. devirmek, 2. bozmak, 3. devrilmiş, 4. devrilmek, 5. devrilme, 6. bozuk (broken), 7. devirme. upstairs see 1. yukarıda (above), 2. yukarıya. up-to-date see güncel. uranium see uranyum. urban see kentsel. urge see 1. zorlamak (force), 2. dürtü. urgency see 1. acele, 2. ısrar, 3. kaçınılmazlık, 4. zorunluluk. urgent see 1. acil (pressing), 2. ivedi, 3. zorunlu (compulsory, mandatory). urine see 1. sidik, 2. idrar, 3. çiş. us see 1. biz, 2. bize, 3. bizi. usage see kullanım. use see 1. kullanmak (employ), 2. kullanma, 3. fayda, 4. adet, 5. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 6. kullanım. used see 1. eski (former, old), 2. kullanılmış. useful see 1. yararlı, 2. faydalı, 3. kullanışlı. usefulness see 1. fayda, 2. kullanışlılık. useless see 1. yararsız, 2. abes, 3. nafile, 4. faydasız, 5. kullanışsız. user see 1. kullanıcı, 2. tüketici. usual see 1. alışılmış, 2. olağan, 3. alelade. usually see 1. genellikle, 2. çoğunlukla. utility see 1. yarar (advantage, benefit), 2. fayda. utter see 1. söylemek (say, tell), 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very), 3. atmak (cast, pitch, throw), 4. basmak (press), 5. kesin (definite). utterance see ifade (expression).

V vacant see 1. boş (blank, empty, free), 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage), 3. dalgın, 4. münhal, 5. sahipsiz. vacuum see 1. boşluk (blank, gap), 2. vakum. vague see 1. belirsiz (ambiguous), 2. anlaşılmaz, 3. müphem. vale see vadi (valley). valid see 1. Geçerli (current), 2. yasal (legal), 3. sağlam, 4. mantıklı, 5. meşru, 6. muteber. validation see onaylama (approval). validity see 1. geçerlik, 2. geçerlilik, 3. doğruluk (accuracy, truth), 4. sağlamlık. valley see 1. vadi, 2. koyak, 3. dere. valuable see 1. kıymetli, 2. değerli. valuation see 1. değer, 2. değerleme. value see 1. değer, 2. kıymet, 3. önem.

597

valve see 1. valf, 2. vana, 3. ventil, 4. supap. van see 1. kamyonet, 2. Minibüs. variable see 1. değişken, 2. kararsız. variance see 1. değişiklik (change, modification), 2. varyans. variation see 1. değişim, 2. varyasyon, 3. çeşitleme, 4. değişme. varied see 1. çeşitli, 2. değişik, 3. farklı, 4. türlü. variety see 1. varyete, 2. değişiklik (change, modification), 3. çeşitlilik, 4. tür (kind, species, type), 5. çeşit, 6. cins, 7. farklılık. various see çeşitli. vary see 1. değişmek, 2. değiştirmek (alter, change, modify), 3. çeşitlemek. vast see 1. geniş (large, wide), 2. çok (many, much, very), 3. engin. vat see 1. fıçı, 2. tekne. vector see 1. vektör, 2. yöney. vegetable see sebze. vegetation see 1. bitkiler, 2. tümör, 3. ur. vehicle see 1. taşıt, 2. araç (implement, instrument, means, tool), 3. vasıta. vein see 1. damar, 2. huy, 3. mizaç, 4. toplardamar. velocity see 1. sürat, 2. hız (speed). velvet see kadife. vendor see satıcı. ventilation see havalandırma. venture see 1. teşebbüs, 2. cüret, 3. risk (risk). verb see fiil. verbal see 1. sözlü, 2. aynen (exactly). verdict see 1. hüküm (provision), 2. karar (decision). verge see 1. kenar (border, edge, margin, side), 2. sınır (border, boundary, limit), 3. eşik (threshold), 4. daire (circle). verse see 1. dize, 2. koşuk, 3. mısra, 4. nazım, 5. şiir, 6. ayet. version see 1. uyarlama (adaptation), 2. çeviri, 3. versiyon, 4. sürüm, 5. yorum (comment, interpretation), 6. tercüme. versus see aleyhinde. vertical see 1. dikey, 2. düşey. very see 1. çok (many, much), 2. pek, 3. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise), 4. aynı (same), 5. bile, 6. özel (particular, private, special), 7. en (breadth, width). vessel see 1. gemi (ship), 2. kap (container), 3. tekne, 4. alet (implement, instrument, tool), 5. damar (vein), 6. kanal (canal, channel), 7. tas. vet see 1. baytar, 2. veteriner. vicar see vekil. vicinity see 1. çevre (environment), 2. civar, 3. semt. vicious see 1. huysuz, 2. bozuk (broken), 3. kötü (bad, evil, poor), 4. şiddetli (bitter).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

598

English - Turkish

victim see kurban. victor see 1. fatih, 2. galip, 3. kazanan. victory see 1. zafer, 2. galibiyet, 3. utku. video see 1. görüntü (image, picture), 2. video. view see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, watch), 2. manzara, 3. görünüm (appearance, outlook), 4. bakış (look), 5. görüş (sight), 6. görüntüleme, 7. incelemek, 8. kanı, 9. amaç (aim, intent, object, objective, purpose, target), 10. görmek (see). vigorous see 1. dinç, 2. gayretli, 3. kuvvetli. villa see 1. villa, 2. köşk. village see köy. violence see 1. şiddet, 2. zorbalık, 3. zorlama (constraint). violent see 1. sert (hard, harsh), 2. zorlu, 3. şiddetli (bitter). virgin see 1. bakire, 2. kız (girl), 3. bakir. virtual see 1. sanal (imaginary), 2. edimsiz, 3. gerçek (actual, fact, real, true). virtually see 1. fiilen, 2. gerçekte. virtue see 1. erdem, 2. fazilet. virus see virüs. visible see 1. görünür, 2. açık (clear, explicit, free, light, open, plain, shortage). vision see 1. görme, 2. görüş (sight), 3. hayal, 4. kuruntu, 5. görü. visit see 1. vizite, 2. ziyaret. visitor see ziyaretçi. visual see 1. görsel, 2. görülebilir, 3. optik (optical). vital see 1. hayati, 2. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 3. yaşamsal, 4. yaşayan. vitamin see vitamin. vivid see canlı (alive, live, lively, living). vocal see 1. sesli, 2. vokal. voice see 1. ses (sound, tone), 2. söylemek (say, tell), 3. söz (word), 4. çatı, 5. fikir (conception, idea, opinion), 6. düşünce. volatile see 1. uçucu, 2. geçici (passing, temporary, tentative), 3. dönek. volcanic see volkanik. voltage see 1. voltaj, 2. gerilim (tension). volume see 1. hacim (bulk), 2. oylum, 3. cilt (skin), 4. miktar (amount, quantity), 5. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 6. birim (unit). voluntary see 1. gönüllü (volunteer), 2. istemli, 3. fahri. volunteer see gönüllü. vote see 1. oy, 2. bildirmek (inform), 3. önermek (propose, suggest), 4. oylama. voting see oylama. voyage see 1. seyahat (journey), 2. yolculuk (journey). vulnerability see savunmasızlık. vulnerable see 1. yaralanabilir, 2. savunmasız.

W wage see 1. maaş (pay, salary), 2. ücret, 3. sürdürmek (continue). waist see bel. wait see 1. beklemek (expect), 2. bekleme, 3. bekleyiş, 4. pusu. waiter see garson. waiting see 1. bekleme (wait), 2. bekleyiş. wake see 1. uyanmak (awake), 2. uyandırmak, 3. canlandırmak, 4. canlanmak. walk see 1. yürümek, 2. yürüyüş, 3. gezinti, 4. yürüme (walking), 5. yol (path, road, route, way), 6. yürütmek. walking see 1. yürüme, 2. yürüyüş (walk). wall see 1. duvar, 2. sur. wallet see cüzdan. wan see 1. solgun, 2. soluk (breath), 3. bitik. want see 1. istemek, 2. arzu (desire, will, wish), 3. ihtiyaç, 4. yoksulluk (poverty), 5. yokluk (absence), 6. sıkıntı, 7. noksan, 8. lüzum, 9. gerektirmek, 10. gereksinme, 11. gereksinim (requirement), 12. eksiklik (deficiency), 13. istek (request), 14. fakirlik. war see 1. savaş (battle), 2. savaşmak. ward see 1. bölge (belt, district, region, zone), 2. koğuş, 3. vesayet. warehouse see 1. ambar (store), 2. depo (store), 3. ardiye. warfare see savaş (battle). warm see 1. sıcak (hot), 2. ılık, 3. ısıtmak, 4. ısınmak, 5. canlı (alive, live, lively, living), 6. hararetli, 7. heyecanlı. warmth see 1. sıcaklık, 2. hararet, 3. içtenlik. warn see uyarmak (alert). warning see 1. uyarı, 2. ihtar, 3. tembih, 4. ikaz, 5. ibret. warrant see ruhsat. wary see 1. uyanık, 2. ihtiyatlı, 3. tedbirli. wash see 1. yıkamak, 2. yıkama, 3. yıkanma. washing see 1. çamaşır, 2. yıkama, 3. yıkanma. waste see 1. boş (blank, empty, free, vacant), 2. artık (remainder, residual), 3. israf, 4. öldürmek (kill), 5. harap, 6. çöp, 7. döküntü. watch see 1. bakmak (look, maintain, refer, regard, view), 2. seyretmek, 3. kollamak, 4. saat (clock, hour, o'clock, time), 5. beklemek (expect, wait), 6. izlemek (monitor, trace, track, trail), 7. nöbet, 8. seyretme, 9. gözlemek, 10. vardiya. water see 1. su, 2. sulamak, 3. kalite (quality), 4. sulanmak. wave see 1. dalga, 2. sallamak, 3. sallanmak.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

English - Turkish way see 1. yol (path, road, route), 2. taraf, 3. yön (course, direction), 4. mesafe, 5. tarz (genre), 6. usul, 7. âdet. weak see 1. güçsüz, 2. zayıf. weakness see 1. halsizlik, 2. zaaf, 3. zayıflık, 4. güçsüzlük. wealth see 1. bolluk (abundance, plenty), 2. servet, 3. varlık (entity), 4. zenginlik. wealthy see 1. zengin (rich), 2. varlıklı, 3. bol (abundant, ample). weapon see silah. wear see 1. taşımak (bear, carry), 2. yıpranma, 3. giymek, 4. eskime, 5. dayanma, 6. dayanıklılık, 7. aşınma, 8. giyinme, 9. giysi (costume), 10. kullanma (use), 11. takınmak, 12. takmak, 13. elbise (clothes, dress). wearing see 1. yorucu, 2. yıpratıcı. weary see 1. yorgun, 2. bitkin, 3. usanmak, 4. bıkmak, 5. bıkkın, 6. yormak, 7. yorucu, 8. yorulmak. weather see hava (air). web see 1. ağ (net, network), 2. dokuma, 3. perde (curtain, screen). wedding see düğün. wee see 1. minicik, 2. ufacık. week see hafta. weekly see haftalık. weight see 1. ağırlık, 2. önem, 3. tartı, 4. yük (load), 5. ağırlaştırmak. weird see 1. acayip (peculiar), 2. tuhaf. welcome see 1. karşılama, 2. hoşgeldiniz. welfare see 1. refah, 2. sağlık. well see 1. iyi (fine, good, okay), 2. kuyu, 3. memba, 4. yerinde, 5. uygun (appropriate, apt, suitable), 6. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 7. şey (thing), 8. kaynamak, 9. çok (many, much, very), 10. kaynak (origin, resource, source), 11. hoş (pleasant), 12. güzel (beautiful, fair, fine, handsome, lovely, pretty), 13. fışkırmak, 14. pek (very). west see batı. western see batı (west). wet see 1. ıslak, 2. ıslatmak, 3. yağmurlu, 4. yaş (age), 5. rutubet, 6. ıslaklık. whatever see 1. hiç (nothing), 2. ne. wheat see buğday. wheel see 1. tekerlek, 2. Teker, 3. çark, 4. dönmek (return, turn), 5. direksiyon, 6. döndürmek (spin). when see vakit. where see 1. nerede, 2. nereye, 3. nereden, 4. Yer (earth, ground, location, place, seat, space), 5. nere. whereas see 1. halbuki, 2. oysa. while see 1. zaman (time), 2. süre (duration, time). whip see 1. kamçı, 2. kamçılamak, 3. kırbaç. whisky see viski.

599

whisper see 1. fısıldamak, 2. fısıltı. whistle see 1. düdük, 2. ıslık. white see 1. beyaz, 2. ak. who see 1. kim, 2. kime. whole see 1. Bütün (all, entire, integral), 2. tam (absolute, accurate, complete, exact, exactly, precise, very). wholesale see toptan. wholly see 1. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 2. büsbütün, 3. tümden. why see 1. neden (cause), 2. niye, 3. niçin. wicked see 1. muzip, 2. yaramaz, 3. aşağılık, 4. hain, 5. hınzır, 6. kötü (bad, evil, poor). wide see 1. geniş (large), 2. tamamen (absolutely, altogether, entirely), 3. kapsamlı, 4. iyice, 5. ferah, 6. engin, 7. büyük (big, grand, great, large, major), 8. bol (abundant, ample), 9. enli. width see 1. en (breadth), 2. genişlik. wife see 1. karı, 2. eş (match), 3. zevce, 4. hanım, 5. avrat, 6. refika. wild see 1. azgın, 2. kızgın (angry), 3. vahşi, 4. yabani. wilderness see 1. çöl (desert), 2. kır, 3. yığın (bulk, mass, stack), 4. sahra. will see 1. arzu (desire, wish), 2. irade, 3. istek (request), 4. niyet (intent, intention, purpose), 5. amaçlamak, 6. arzulamak, 7. dilek, 8. vasiyetname. willing see 1. hazır, 2. istekli, 3. gönüllü (volunteer), 4. razı. willingness see gönüllülük. win see 1. kazanmak, 2. galibiyet, 3. başarı (achievement, success), 4. zafer (victory). wind see 1. Rüzgar, 2. sarmak, 3. rüzgâr, 4. yel, 5. dönemeç, 6. dolanmak, 7. dolamak, 8. nefes (breath), 9. kurma. window see 1. pencere, 2. cam (glass), 3. vitrin. wine see şarap. wing see 1. kanat, 2. uçmak (fly), 3. kanatlanmak, 4. kol (arm), 5. çamurluk. winner see galip. winning see 1. çekici, 2. hoş (pleasant), 3. sevimli. winter see 1. kış, 2. kışlamak. wipe see 1. silmek (cancel), 2. silme, 3. vuruş (stroke). wire see 1. tel, 2. telgraf. wisdom see 1. bilgelik, 2. akıl (intelligence, mind), 3. akıllılık. wise see 1. akıllı (intelligent), 2. bilge, 3. deneyimli, 4. usta (skilled). wish see 1. arzu (desire, will), 2. istek (request), 3. arzulamak, 4. dilek, 5. dilemek, 6. istemek (want). wit see 1. nükte, 2. akıl (intelligence, mind), 3. anlayış (apprehension). witch see 1. cadı, 2. büyülemek, 3. büyücü.

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

600

English - Turkish

with see ile (and). withdraw see 1. çekilmek, 2. çekmek (drag, draw, pull). withdrawal see 1. çekilme, 2. iptal. within see 1. içinde, 2. zarfında, 3. içeriye, 4. içeride, 5. iç (inner, inside, internal). witness see 1. şahit, 2. tanık, 3. tanıklık, 4. kanıt (evidence, proof), 5. delil. woman see 1. kadın, 2. karı (wife). wonder see 1. hayret, 2. şaşmak, 3. şaşkınlık, 4. mucize, 5. harika (wonderful). wonderful see harika. wood see 1. odun, 2. tahta (board), 3. ağaç (tree), 4. koru, 5. ahşap, 6. kereste. wooden see tahta (board, wood). wool see 1. yün, 2. yapağı. word see 1. kelime, 2. sözcük, 3. söz, 4. haber. wording see üslup. work see 1. çalışmak, 2. iş (action, affair, deed, job), 3. çalışma, 4. işlemek, 5. emek, 6. görev (task), 7. çalıştırmak (run), 8. işletmek (operate), 9. oynamak (play). worker see 1. amele, 2. işçi. working see 1. çalışan, 2. çalışma (work), 3. iş (action, affair, deed, job, work). works see 1. fabrika (factory), 2. mekanizma (mechanism), 3. tesis. workshop see 1. atölye, 2. işlik, 3. işyeri. world see 1. dünya (earth), 2. evren (universe), 3. alem (kingdom). worldwide see evrensel (universal). worn see 1. aşınmış, 2. bitkin, 3. eskimiş, 4. yıpranmış. worried see 1. üzüntülü, 2. endişeli, 3. kaygılı, 4. üzgün. worry see 1. üzülmek, 2. üzüntü, 3. kaygılanmak, 4. üzmek, 5. merak (curiosity), 6. kaygı, 7. dert, 8. endişe (anxiety). worship see 1. tapma, 2. tapmak, 3. ibadet, 4. tapınma, 5. tapınmak. worth see 1. değer, 2. bedel. worthy see 1. layık, 2. saygıdeğer. wound see 1. yaralamak, 2. yara, 3. bere, 4. incitmek. wretched see 1. zavallı, 2. sefil (miserable), 3. perişan, 4. biçare, 5. bitkin, 6. berbat. wrist see bilek. writ see ferman. write see 1. yazmak (type), 2. yazma. writer see yazar (author). writing see 1. yazı, 2. yazarlık, 3. yazma. written see yazılı. wrong see 1. uygunsuz, 2. yanlış (false), 3. bozuk (broken), 4. haksız, 5. hatalı, 6. ters (reverse).

Y yacht see yat. yard see 1. avlu (court, courtyard), 2. yarda, 3. seren. yarn see 1. iplik (thread), 2. masal. yeah see evet (yes). year see 1. Yıl, 2. sene. yellow see 1. sarı, 2. korkak, 3. sarartmak, 4. sararmak, 5. kıskanç. yes see evet. yesterday see dün. yet see 1. henüz, 2. daha (more), 3. ama (but), 4. ancak (barely, but, hardly, however, only, scarcely). yield see 1. verim (efficiency), 2. ürün (crop, product), 3. eğilmek, 4. sünme, 5. kazanç (gain, proceeds), 6. getiri, 7. esnemek, 8. gelir. young see 1. yavru, 2. genç (youth, youthful), 3. yeni (new, novel), 4. küçük (minor, small), 5. taze (fresh). youngster see 1. çocuk (child, infant), 2. delikanlı, 3. genç (young, youth, youthful). yours see 1. seninki, 2. sizinki. youth see 1. genç (young, youthful), 2. gençlik, 3. delikanlı (youngster), 4. tazelik. youthful see 1. genç (young, youth), 2. taze (fresh), 3. dinç.

Z zero see 1. sıfır, 2. hiçlik. zone see 1. bölge (belt, district, region), 2. yöre, 3. kuşak (belt, generation), 4. mıntıka, 5. alan (area, domain, field, range, space).

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Index

Vocabulary Study Lists Verbs (Turkish - English) açıklamak ad affetmek aksatmak aldırmamak alındılamak almak anımsamak anlamak anlatmak anmak aramak araştırmak aşındırmak atamak atmak ayırmak bağışlamak bakmak başarmak başkalaşmak başlamak başlatmak başvurmak beklemek belirlemek belirmek benimsemek benzememek betimlemek bildirmek bırakmak birikmek

explain noun forgive disturb ignore acknowledge derive remember distinguish relate remember seek seek eat create send choose forgive tend achieve alter begin begin refer expect determine appear adopt differ describe advise dismiss collect

biriktirmek bozmak bulmak bulunmak büyümek çabalamak çağırmak çekilmek çekmek çeşitlemek çevirmek çıkarmak çizmek çürütmek dayanmak dayatmak değerlendirmek değinmek değişmek değiştirmek Denetlemek dengelemek desteklemek dinlemek direnmek dışlamak doğmak dönüştürmek düşünmek duymak düzelmek düzeltmek edinmek elde emmek eşitlemek etmek ettirmek farzetmek fırlatmak geçirmek gelişmek geliştirmek gelmek gerçekleştirmek getirmek

collect disturb discover exist grow seek invite withdraw withdraw vary render derive describe eat resist insist evaluate refer vary replace inspect compensate strengthen hear resist exclude arrive transform think hear improve improve acquire carry absorb compensate render get suppose send carry improve develop come realize get

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

602

Indexes

Gir girişmek girmek Gönder göndermek görünmek götürmek gözükmek güçlendirmek güvenmek hafifletmek hatırlamak havlu hazırlamak hesaplamak içermek ilerletmek inandırmak incelemek isim işitmek ıskarta istemek iyileşmek izlemek kabullenmek kaçınmak kaldırmak kandırmak kapsamak kararlaştırmak karışmak karıştırmak karşılamak katlanmak katmak kaydetmek kazanmak kemirmek keşfetmek kılmak korkutmak kovalamak kovmak kurmak kurtarmak

enter undertake enter send refer appear convey appear strengthen depend modify remember towel get calculate include improve persuade examine noun hear reject choose recover pursue accept avoid receive induce include determine interfere disturb compensate tolerate include enter earn eat detect render threaten pursue dismiss constitute recover

kutlamak kuvvetlendirmek menzil nakletmek nitelemek öğrenmek öğretmek öğütlemek Okuma okumak olmak oluşturmak onarmak onaylamak Öner önermek öngörmek oturmak oturtmak planlamak reddetmek sağlamak sağlamlaştırmak sakınmak sanmak saptamak saymak seçmek sezmek sınamak sınırlamak sivrilmek soğurmak SOR sormak soruşturmak soymak sunmak sürdürmek tanımak tanımlamak tanıştırmak tanıtmak tasarlamak taşımak tepkimek

celebrate strengthen carry convey qualify hear introduce advise read read get constitute restore acknowledge suggest suggest predict sit sit calculate reject ensure reinforce avoid suppose determine calculate choose detect examine restrict distinguish absorb ask ask investigate rob submit pursue acknowledge describe introduce introduce calculate receive react

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes toparlamak toplamak toplanmak türetmek tutmak uğramak uğraşmak ulaşmak ummak unutmak unutmamak üstlenmek uyarlamak uyarmak uydurmak uygulamak uymak varmak varsaymak vermek yadsımak yakınmak yakışmak yalanlamak yapmak yaptırmak yaraşmak yaratmak yarışmak yaşamak yeğlemek yemek yoklamak yoksaymak yollamak yönelmek yorumlamak yüklenmek yükseltmek yutmak zannetmek

collect collect collect derive retain receive seek arrive anticipate forget remember assume adapt warn adapt realize comply get assume render deny complain become deny fulfil get become create compete exist choose eat examine ignore send tend interpret undertake promote absorb suppose

Verbs (English - Turkish) absorb accept achieve acknowledge acquire adapt adopt advise alter anticipate appear arrive ask assume avoid become begin bring calculate carry celebrate choose collect come compensate compete complain comply conform consider constitute contemplate convey create decide define deny depend derive describe detect

emmek almak başarmak onaylamak edinmek uyarlamak benimsemek bildirmek başkalaşmak beklemek belirmek doğmak sormak varsaymak kaçınmak olmak başlamak getirmek hesaplamak menzil kutlamak ayırmak birikmek gelmek dengelemek yarışmak yakınmak uymak uymak saymak atamak tasarlamak götürmek atamak kararlaştırmak tanımlamak yadsımak güvenmek türetmek betimlemek sezmek

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

603

604

Indexes

determine develop differ discover dismiss distinguish disturb earn eat ensure enter evaluate examine exclude exist expect explain forget forgive fulfil get grow happen have hear ignore improve include induce insist inspect interfere interpret introduce investigate invite learn lend listen modify noun obtain occur persuade predict prefer promote propose

saptamak gelişmek benzememek keşfetmek kovmak anlamak karıştırmak kazanmak çürütmek sağlamak kaydetmek değerlendirmek incelemek dışlamak yaşamak beklemek açıklamak unutmak affetmek yapmak getirmek büyümek olmak almak duymak aldırmamak geliştirmek içermek kandırmak dayatmak Denetlemek karışmak yorumlamak başlamak soruşturmak çağırmak öğrenmek vermek dinlemek değiştirmek isim sağlamak bulunmak inandırmak öngörmek sunmak yükseltmek önermek

provide pursue qualify react read realize receive recover refer reinforce reject relate remember render replace require resign resist restore restrict retain retire reveal rob seek seem send sit strengthen submit suggest suppose tend think threaten tolerate towel transform undertake vary warn withdraw

sağlamak izlemek nitelemek tepkimek Okuma anlamak almak iyileşmek bakmak sağlamlaştırmak ıskarta anlatmak anımsamak kılmak değiştirmek istemek çekilmek dayanmak onarmak sınırlamak tutmak çekilmek açıklamak soymak uğraşmak görünmek atmak oturmak desteklemek sunmak Öner zannetmek bakmak düşünmek korkutmak katlanmak havlu dönüştürmek yüklenmek çeşitlemek uyarmak çekmek

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes

Nouns (Turkish - English) abla abluka acele açık Açiklama açıklama açıklık acılık adam aday afet ağız agoni ahenk ahize akademi akın akrabalık aksilik aktarma aktif aktris alacaklı alan albüm aldanma aldatma alem alet aleyhtar alfa alfabe algı alıcı alın alındı alıntı alkol Allah almaç

sister investment urgency shortage explanation commentary clarity bitterness bloke applicant disaster outlet agony agreement receiver academy invasion relationship bile quotation assets actress creditor domain album deception imposition universe apparatus opponent alpha script perception buyer brow acknowledgement quotation alcohol lord receiver

alt altyapı alüminyum ambar ambulans amca amel amele ameliyat amir anabilgisayar anahtarlama analist analoji anayasa anayol anlam anlama anlaşma anlaşmazlık anlatım anlayış anneanne anons ant antikor antre antrenman antropoloji ar ara araba araç araçlar aralık araştırma araz arazi ardıl arena arife aristokrasi arka arkadaşlık arkeoloji artık

child infrastructure aluminium storage ambulance uncle diarrhoea worker operation commander mainframe switching analyst analogy constitution highway significance comprehension agreement disagreement expression conception grandmother announcement oath antibody entry training anthropology are interval car vehicle media interval exploration symptom terrain successor arena eve aristocracy supporter society archaeology remainder

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

605

606

Indexes

artma arz aşama asılma aşinalık asır aşiret asker asma astım atama ateş atma atmosfer atölye avare avcı avlu avukat avunma avuntu ay ayakkabı ayaklanma ayaktopu ayar ayarlama aydınlatma aydınlık aygıt ayin ayıp ayırma aylık aynılık ayrılık ayrılma aza azim azot baba babacığım baca bagaj bağımsızlık bağıntı

accession earth phase suspension familiarity century tribe soldier suspension asthma appointment fever projection atmosphere studio rover hunter courtyard attorney consolation consolation month shoe rebellion soccer setting adjustment lighting daylight apparatus ceremony contempt isolation salary identity faction leaving member resolution nitrogen daddy dad chimney luggage sovereignty correlation

bağış bağışıklık bağlantı bahane bahçıvan bakanlık bakıcı bakım bakır bakışım bakiye baldır bale balıkçı balkon bana banker banyo bar barınak bariyer baş başarı başbakan basımcı basınç başkan başkanlık basket baskı baskın başlangıç başlık bastırma başyazar batak bataklık bavul bay bayan bayi bayrak bebek beğenme bekçi belgeleme

contribution immunity commitment plea gardener portfolio keeper maintenance copper symmetry remainder calf ballet fisher balcony me banker bathroom pub sanctuary barrier leader success chancellor printer compression president presidency basket impression descent outset hood compression editor marsh marsh suitcase sir mistress seller colours doll approval keeper documentation

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes belirme belirsizlik Belirteç belirti belirtim belirtme bellek ben beni benlik benzerlik benzeşim benzin beraberlik bereket berraklık beşinci beste besteci betik bey beyan beyefendi biberiye biçim bildiri bileklik bileşim bilgi bilgin bilgisizlik bilinç bilirkişi bina birader birahane bireşim birim birleşme birleştirme birlik bitkiler biyografi biyoloji biyopsi biz

emergence uncertainty indicator symptom specification specification storage ego me ego affinity analogy petrol unity abundance clarity fifth composition composer script lord statement sir rosemary configuration announcement supporter composition data scientist ignorance consciousness surveyor construction brother pub synthesis unit alliance unification unity vegetation biography biology biopsy us

bize bizi blucin böbrek bodrum boğum boksör bölge bolluk bölüm bomba borç borçlu boy boyacı boyut boyutlar bozma bozulma Brezilya broşür buhran bulaştırma bulgu bulma bülten bulucu bulunmayış buluş bulvar bunalım bünye burjuvazi büro bürokrasi burun but buut büyükanne büyükbaba büyükelçi büyüklük büyüme buzağı buzdolabı büzülme

us us jeans kidney cellar node fighter region abundance category egg debt debtor tribe painter dimension dimensions dissolution dissolution brazil leaflet depression contamination symptom detection bulletin detector absence discovery avenue crisis constitution bourgeoisie bureau bureaucracy prominence thigh dimension grandmother grandfather ambassador magnitude expansion calf fridge contraction

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

607

608

Indexes

çaba çabalama cadde çağ cahillik çakmak çalgıcı çalışkanlık çalışma çalıştırma cam can cankurtaran canlanma canlılık Çanta çap çare çarpım çarşaf çatı çavuş cazibe cefa cehalet çekici çekicilik çekim çekirdek çekişme çekme çekmece celse cemaat cemiyet cennet cephane cephanelik cereyan cerrah cerrahlık cesaret çeşitleme çeviri çevirme çevre

effort effort avenue era ignorance lighter musician industry operation operation window life ambulance revival life suitcase diameter solution product sheet framework sergeant attraction hardship ignorance tractor attraction attraction nucleus contention extraction drawer session congregation society heaven ammunition arsenal circulation surgeon surgery enterprise variation interpretation enclosure neighbourhood

çevrebilim ceza cezalandırma çiftçi çiftçilik cihaz çıkarma çıkıntı çıkış çile çim çimenlik cinsellik ciro çit civar çocuk çoğalma coğrafya çökelti çokluk çöküntü çözelti çözüm çözünme çözünürlük cüzdan dağılma daire dalgınlık dam damar damga dana danışma danışman Data davetli davranış dayanma dede defter değerlendirme değirmenci değişiklik değişim

ecology punishment punishment farmer agriculture apparatus extraction projection outlet ordeal lawn lawn sexuality backing barrier vicinity youngster accession geography sediment abundance depression solution resolution solution resolution wallet dissolution department absence queen vessel marker calf consultation supervisor data guest attitude tolerance grandfather notebook evaluation miller amendment variation

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes değişme değişmezlik değiştirme dehliz dekan dekor dekorasyon delegasyon delik delikanlı delil demeç demirci demiryolu demokrat denetçi denetleyici denge dengesizlik denizcilik denklem departman depo depolama depresyon dere derinlik derlem derleme dernek ders derslik dert destek destekleme detektör devalüasyon devam devamlılık deveran devinirlik devir deyim dikey dil dilbilim

variation stability modification gallery dean scenery decoration delegation outlet boy argument statement smith railway democrat supervisor supervisor stability instability navigation equation department storage storage depression valley depth collection composition institution example classroom complaint cooperation backing detector devaluation continuation continuity rotation momentum rotation expression portrait language linguistics

din dinleme dinlenme diplomasi dişçi disk disko diskotek divan diyanet diz dizge dizgi doğrulama doğruluk dökme doktrin döküm dokümantasyon dokunulmazlık dolar dolaşım dolaşma domuz donanım donatı donatım dönem dönme dönüş dönüşüm doruk dostluk doyumsuzluk dram drama dua düğüm dünürlük dünya dürbün durgunluk dürtü durum duruş düşey

religion monitoring recreation diplomacy dentist disk disco disco council religion knee system composition confirmation validity casting doctrine casting documentation immunity dollar circulation navigation pork hardware equipment equipment era rotation rotation transformation height society dissatisfaction drama drama prayer node alliance earth binoculars recession impulse situation attitude portrait

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

609

610

Indexes

düşmanlık düşük düşünce düşüş duvar duvarcı duyarlık duyarlılık duyuru düzeltme düzeltmen düzen düzenek düzenleme düzenleyici ebat ebeveyn eczacı eda edebiyat editör efendi efsane egemenlik eğilim Eğitim eğitmen eğlence ego ehliyetsizlik ek ekip ekmekçi ekoloji ekonomi ekonomist eksen eksiklik ekspertiz elastikiyet elbise elçi elçilik elektron eleman element

hostility abortion attitude recession enclosure mason sensitivity sensitivity advertisement adjustment reader disposal mechanism layout editor dimensions parents chemist expression literature editor lord myth domination affinity training instructor diversion ego disability extension brigade baker ecology economics economist axis shortage expertise flexibility clothes ambassador mission electron element element

elverişlilik emek emekli emeklilik emilme emme emniyet emtia en endüstri enformasyon engel engelleme enjeksiyon enzim er erime eriyik erteleme erzak esas eser eşik esinti esir eşitlik esneklik eşya et etik etki etkileşim etkililik etkinleştirme etkinlik etraf ev evre evren evrimsel eylem eziyet faaliyet fabrika fabrikatör facia

convenience effort pensioner retirement absorption absorption safety commodity width industry information barrier prevention injection enzyme soldier solution solution suspension provisions basis production threshold breath prisoner equality flexibility article meat ethics impression interaction effectiveness activation activity surroundings residence phase system evolutionary activity punishment activity factory manufacturer disaster

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes fark farmason faşizm fatih faz federasyon felaket felsefe feminizm fenomen fesih fetih fıçı fıçıcı fidanlık fiil fikir fıkra film filo fırın fırıncı fırlatma fırsat fısıltı fizik flora fonlama formül forum fotoğrafçı fotoğrafçılık frekans funda futbol füze gaddarlık galeri galibiyet galip garaj garson gaydacı gayret gazete gazeteci

distinction mason fascism victor phase federation disaster philosophy feminism phenomenon dissolution conquest vat cooper nursery verb concept article movie squadron stove baker projection opportunity breath physics flora funding formula forum photographer photography frequency heath football missile cruelty gallery victory victor garage waiter piper industry sheet journalist

gazetecilik geçerlik geçerlilik geçiş geçit gelenek gelin gelir geliş gelişme geliştirme gelme gemi gemicilik gen genç genişleme genişletme genişlik genleşme gerçekçilik gerçekleştirme gerek gerekçe gereksinim gericilik gerileme gerilim geyik gezegen gezici gider girdap Girdi girinti giriş girişim girişkenlik girme gıyap giydirme giysi gizleme glikoz göğüs göl

journalism validity validity transition gate tradition bride income arrival improvement development advent vessel navigation gene youngster expansion extension width expansion realism implementation requirement rationale requirement reaction regression voltage deer planet travelling expenditure gulf entry recession door enterprise enterprise entry absence dressing clothes secretion glucose chest loch

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

611

612

Indexes

gömlek gönüllülük gönülsüzlük görev görevli görüngü görünüm görüş görüşme gösterge gösteri gösterim gösterme göstermelik göt göz gözbebeği gözdağı göze gözetici gözlük grevci grup gruplaşma güç güçlük güdü güldürü gülme gülüş gümrük gün günahsızlık günbatımı gündem gündüz güvence güvenilirlik güvenlik güvensizlik güz güzellik haber hadise hafta hakimiyet

shirt willingness reluctance assignment employee phenomenon perspective conception conference indicator demonstration projection demonstration specimen arse drawer pupil threat cell supervisor glasses striker batch configuration ability complexity motivation comedy laughter laughter customs day innocence sunset agenda daytime assurance reliability safety disbelief autumn beauty message event week sovereignty

hal hala halef halletme hamal hamil han hapishane harcama hareket haset hastabakıcı hastalık hava havaalanı havacılık havalandırma havalimanı havuz havza hayal hayat hayret haz hazine hazne heceleme hedef hekimlik hela helikopter hemşire herif heyecan heyet heykel hidrojen hile himaye hipotez hırdavat hırs hırsızlık hısımlık hisse hissedar

situation aunt successor settlement porter holder inn institution expenditure transaction jealousy sister complaint atmosphere airfield aviation ventilation airport basin basin imagination existence astonishment enjoyment exchequer reservoir spelling destination medicine lavatory helicopter sister bloke fever corps statue hydrogen device asylum hypothesis hardware ambition burglary affinity quantum shareholder

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes hiyerarşi hizip hızlanma hizmetçi hizmetli hobi hoca Hollanda hoparlör hoşgörü hoşlanma hoşnutsuzluk hücre hücum hudut hukuk hukukçu hüküm hükümdar hürriyet hüviyet huy huysuzluk huzursuzluk ibne ibret icap icat içerme içindekiler icra içtepi içtima idam idare idareci iddia ideoloji idman idrak ifade iflas ifşa ihtilaf ihtiras ihtiyaç

hierarchy faction acceleration servant employee hobby teacher holland speaker tolerance enjoyment dissatisfaction cell aggression boundary law lawyer judgement lord independence identity kidney bile unrest queen example requirement innovation implication contents execution impulse assembly execution manipulation administrator contention ideology training perception statement bankruptcy disclosure controversy ambition deprivation

ikrar iktibas iktidar iktisatçı ilaç ilan ilerleme ileti ilgi ilinti ilişki iltica ima imal imalathane iman imgelem imla imleyici imparator inanç inceleme İncil indikatör iniş inme inşa inşaat inşaatçı intikal inziva iplik iptal iris ırkçılık irtica irtifa iş isabet işaret işbirliği işçi ishal ışıklandırma ısıtıcı iskele

confession quotation ability economist medicine announcement advancement message involvement correlation relationship asylum implication production factory religion imagination spelling marker emperor conviction investigation bible indicator landing descent construction construction builder transition retirement yarn abolition iris racism reaction height profession incidence marker cooperation employee diarrhoea lighting heater landing

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

613

614

Indexes

iskelet işkence ıslah işlem işlemci işleme işletme işletmeci işletmen işlik ısrar işsizlik istatistik istekli isteksizlik istiare istihsal istikrar istila istismar istisna işveren isyan işyeri itaat itibar itikat itiraf itme ittifak ivme iyileştirme iyilik izah izdüşüm ızgara izlenim izolasyon jeoloji jüri kabile kabiliyet kabin kabristan kabul kaçınılmazlık

framework cruelty amendment operation processor processing operation operator operator workshop insistence unemployment statistics applicant reluctance metaphor production stability invasion exploitation exception employer rebellion workshop compliance odour creed confession impulse alliance acceleration amendment kindness explanation projection grid impression isolation geology jury tribe ability cabin cemetery acknowledgement urgency

kadın kafa kahkaha kaide kalan kaldırım kaleci kalınlık kalker kalkınma kalsiyum kamara kamarot kamera kamış kamyon kanaat kanal kandırma kanepe kanı kanıt kantin kanun kap kapak kapama kapı kapıcı kapitalizm kapsam kapsama kaput karaca karaciğer karakter karar kararlılık kararsızlık karayolu kardeş kargaşa karı karışıklık karışım karıştırma

dame nut laughter basis remainder pavement goalkeeper thickness limestone development calcium cabin steward camera penis lorry conviction vessel deception sofa conclusion argument canteen canon vessel lid enclosure door porter capitalism comprehension inclusion hood deer liver fibre judgement resolution instability highway brother confusion dame confusion mixture implication

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes karmaşa karmaşıklık karşılaşma karşılaştırma karşılık kartpostal kaş kaset kasvet kategori katılım katılımcı katiyet katkı kavalcı kavgacı kavram kavrama kavşak kayak kaydetme kaygı kayıt kaynak kaynaklar kaynaşma kaza kazak kazanan kazanç kefillik keşideci keşif kesim kesinlik kiler kılıç kimlik kimyager kip kirlenme kırtasiyecilik kişilik kısım kısıt kısıtlama

complexity complexity event analogy payment postcard brow cassette depression category accession participant certainty contribution piper fighter conception comprehension junction ski registration preoccupation entry source resources fusion accident sweater victor proceeds sponsorship drawer discovery sector certainty cellar sword identification chemist mood contamination bureaucracy personality department constraint constraint

kıskançlık kışla kısrak kıstas kitaplık kıtlık kıvam kıyas kız kızgınlık klavye kliring koku kol kolaylık köle koleksiyon koleksiyoncu kolektör kolesterol koloni kolordu koltuk komedi komisyon komisyoncu komite kompozisyon kompozitör kompresyon komşular komutan konak konfederasyon konferans konfigürasyon kongre konsantrasyon konsey konsorsiyum konsültasyon konteyner kontluk kontrolör konu konuk

jealousy quarters mare criterion library shortage consistency analogy queen irritation keyboard clearing odour limb convenience servant collection collector collector cholesterol colony corps armchair comedy percentage broker committee composition composer compression neighbourhood commander mansion confederation conference configuration convention concentration council consortium consultation container county controller topic guest

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

615

616

Indexes

konukseverlik Konum konuşma konuşmacı konut korelasyon körfez korkuluk korkutma koroner korsan koruma korunma köşk kovalama koyak köylü köylüler koyma koyuluk koyun kraliçe kraliyet krallık kreasyon kreş kriter kriz kuantum küçümseme küfe küfür kukuleta kul kullanım külliyat kulp kültür kulübe kulvar kumandan kupon kural kuram kurbağa kurban

hospitality location conversation speaker residence correlation gulf barrier threat coronary rover preservation preservation villa pursuit valley peasant peasantry placement consistency sheep queen kingdom realm creation nursery canon crisis quantum contempt basket oath hood servant disposal corpus holder culture cottage lane commander coupon law theory frog victim

kurdela kurdele küre kurgu kurma kürtaj kurul kuruluş kurum kuruntu kuşatma kusursuzluk kutu kütüphane kütüphaneci kuyumculuk kuzen kuzin laubalilik lazer leğen levha lider liderlik lif likidite limonluk lisan literatür litre logo lokanta lord Lotus maaş mabet madalya madde maden mahkeme mahkumiyet mahpus mahrumiyet mahzen makale makine

ribbon ribbon sphere speculation foundation abortion committee enterprise society imagination enclosure perfection chest library librarian jewellery cousin cousin familiarity laser basin sheet leader leadership fibre liquidity greenhouse language literature litre logo restaurant lord lotus salary temple decoration article metal tribunal conviction prisoner deprivation cellar article device

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes makineler makinist mal malumat mandıra maneviyat manevra mantık manzara manzume masal masaüstü mason masraf Masraflar mastar matara matbaacı matematik maun mecaz meclis mefhum mekanik mekanizma mektuplaşma memba memnuniyetsizlik memur menşe merak merasim merdiven mermi mesafe mesaj mesele meslek meşruluk metal metin metodoloji metre metres mevcudiyet mevki

machinery driver commodity information dairy morale switching logic scenery poem yarn desktop mason expenditure expenses infinitive canteen printer mathematics mahogany metaphor parliament concept mechanics machine correspondence source dissatisfaction officer source hobby ceremony staircase missile interval message problem profession legitimacy metal text methodology metre mistress entity location

mevzuat meyhane mezarlık mezhep midilli mihrap mihver miktar millet milliyet milliyetçilik mimar minnettarlık miras mirasçı misafir misafirperverlik misal misyon mit model modül moment montaj moral motif motivasyon muafiyet muayenehane mücadele mücevherat müdür müfettiş muhafaza muhafız muhalif Muhasebe muhasebecilik mühimmat muhit mükemmellik mülk Multimedya münakaşa mürettebat müsamaha

regulations pub cemetery cult pony altar axis quantum nation nationality nationalism architect gratitude heritage heir guest hospitality example mission myth specimen module momentum assembly morale motif motivation immunity surgery contention jewellery manager supervisor enclosure keeper opponent accountancy accountancy ammunition surroundings perfection estate multimedia argument crew tolerance

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

617

618

Indexes

müşavir müşteri müteahhit mutfak mutluluk müvekkil müze müzisyen nafaka nakliye nakliyeci nalbant nallamak naylon nazariye nefes nem nesil nesne netice nezaket nicelik nicem nilüfer nine nişan nispet nitelik nitrojen nizam nizamname norm nüfus numune ocak öd odaklama ödeme ödenek ödev öfke öğe oğlan öğrenci öğrenim öğreti

adviser client contractor kitchen happiness client museum musician maintenance shipping carrier smith shoe nylon theory breath moisture descent thing conclusion kindness quantity quantum lotus grandmother decoration ratio composition nitrogen statute regulations norm population specimen cooker bile focusing settlement allocation homework irritation element boy pupil education doctrine

öğretim öğretmen oğul öğüt oksijen okuma okur okutman okuyucu olabilirlik olanak olanaklar olasılık olay ölçme ölçüt olgunluk ölüm ömür onama onay onaylama öncü önder önderlik önem önerge öneri önerme önleme opera operasyon operatör oran org organ organizma örge örgü örgüt orkestra örme örnek örnekseme ortaklık ortam

education teacher son recommendation oxygen reading reader reader reader likelihood possibility resources likelihood event measuring canon maturity dissolution life approval confirmation validation leader leader leadership emphasis proposal proposal thesis prevention opera operation operator ratio organ organ organism motif knitting organism orchestra knitting example analogy partnership environment

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes örümcek otel otomobil otoyol oturma oturum oymak oyuk oyun oyuncu öz özdeşlik özetleme ozon özür paket pala pansuman pantolon para parametre parça parlamento parti pasaport patates pay pazarlama pelerin pencere peni penis perde personel perspektif pil pislik piyade plan planlama plazma poliçe polimer polis politika popülerlik

spider hotel car motorway residence session tribe socket device player nucleus identity compression ozone plea packet sword dressing trousers funds parameter unit parliament batch passport potato quantum marketing cape window penny penis membrane personnel perspective cell contamination infantry layout planning plasma policy polymer copper policy popularity

portföy portör portre posa poz prenses priz problem prodüktör profesör programlama proje projeksiyon propaganda prosedür protokol prototip prova psikolog psikoloji Rab radar raf rahatsızlık rahibe rakip randevu rapor rastlantı reaksiyon reaktör realizm reasürans reçete reddetme referandum regresyon rehabilitasyon rejim rekabet reklam reklâm reklamcılık rektör repertuar resim

portfolio carrier portrait sediment exposure princess socket problem producer professor programming projection projection publicity procedure protocol prototype rehearsal psychologist psychology lord radar shelf unrest sister competitor appointment statement accident reaction reactor realism reassurance formula refusal referendum regression rehabilitation regime competition publicity advertisement advertising chancellor repertoire illustration

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

619

620

Indexes

resmiyet ressam restoran ret rezervasyon rica rıza Rönesans rota rotasyon ruhbilim ruhbilimci rutubet saadet saat sadakat safha saflık safra sağlamlaştırma sağlamlık sağlık sahip şahsiyet şakak sakatlık saklama salata saldırı salgı salgılama salon saltanat saman şampiyonluk sanat sanayi sandık sanık sansür saplantı saptırma saray sargı şarkıcı şart

ceremony painter restaurant refusal booking plea compliance renaissance lane rotation psychology psychologist moisture happiness hour loyalty phase innocence bile consolidation stability fitness holder personality temple disability storage salad aggression secretion secretion salon sovereignty hay championship profession industry chest accused censorship obsession diversion palace dressing singer reservation

şartname şaşırma şaşkınlık satıcı satış sav savaş savaşçı savunma savunmasızlık savunucu saygısızlık sayı şebeke sedir şef sefer şefkat sektör selamet sembol Seminer semptom semt senaryo senato sendrom sene senet sent sentaks sentez sepet sera serbestlik sergen sergi sergileme şerit sertlik servet set sevecenlik sevgili şey seyahat

specification astonishment astonishment vendor disposal thesis warfare fighter defence vulnerability defender contempt basket system sofa chef navigation kindness sector safety symbol seminar symptom neighbourhood scenario senate syndrome year script penny syntax synthesis basket greenhouse independence shelf gallery exhibition ribbon bitterness assets terrace kindness girl thing travelling

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes seyyah seyyar seziş şiddet sığınak sığır sığırlar sigorta sigortalama şiir şiirler şikâyet sıkıntı sıkıştırma sıklık silah silgi simetri simge simsar sinema sınıf sınıflama sınıflandırma sınır sınırlama sinirlendirme sıra şirket sirkülasyon sistem siyaset soba sodyum şoför soğan soğurma sohbet şöhret soluk solüsyon şömine somun sömürge sömürme son

traveller travelling perception violence asylum cattle cattle assurance insurance poetry poetry complaint boredom compression frequency weapon cleaner symmetry symbol broker cinema classroom classification classification boundary limitation irritation succession society circulation regime policy stove sodium driver onion absorption conversation odour breath solution fireplace nut colony exploitation conclusion

sonbahar sonuç sör sorgu şort sorumluluk sorun soruşturma sosis sosyalizm sosyete sosyoloji sövgü soy söyleniş söyleşi söz sözcü sözdizim sözdizimi sözlük spekülasyon spiker stadyum stajyer stüdyo subay şube suç suçlu suçluluk suçsuzluk sucuk şükran sunak sundurma sunucu supap süpermarket şüphe sürdürme süre süreklilik sürme sürücü sürüm

autumn conclusion sir enquiry shorts commitment problem investigation sausage socialism society sociology oath descent pronunciation conversation assurance spokesman syntax syntax dictionary speculation speaker stadium trainee studio officer department offence offender guilt innocence sausage gratitude altar porch server valve supermarket uncertainty continuation interval continuity continuation driver version

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

621

622

Indexes

süs süsleme süspansiyon süthane şuur süveter taahhüt tabaka tabanca tabetme tabiat tabir tahkikat tahlilci tahmin tahrip tahsil tahsildar takas takım takip taksi takviye talihsizlik talimat tamamlama tamlık tanı tanım tanıma tanımlama tanıtıcı tanıtım tanıtma Tanrı tapınak tapınma taraça taraftar tarife tarihçi tarım tartışma tas tasa taşçı

decoration decoration suspension dairy consciousness sweater commitment sphere heater printing kidney expression inquest analyst speculation demolition education collector clearing unit pursuit cab consolidation disaster instructions perfection accuracy diagnosis definition acknowledgement explanation identifier publicity publicity lord temple cult terrace supporter tariff historian agriculture argument vessel preoccupation mason

tasfiye tashih taşıma taşıt taşıyıcı tasnif tasvip tatbikat tavan tavır tavsiye tayfa tayin tayyare tazminat tazyik teçhizat tecrit tedavi tedavül tefsir teftiş tehdit tehlike tekel tekerrür teklif tekne teknisyen tekrar tekrarlama tekst tekzip tel telaffuz telaş televizyon telve tema temdit temel temizleme temizleyici temizlikçi temsil temsilcilik

dissolution revision shipping vehicle carrier classification approval operation ceiling attitude recommendation crew appointment aeroplane damages compression equipment isolation therapy circulation interpretation investigation threat danger monopoly recurrence proposal vessel operator repetition repetition text denial fibre pronunciation excitement telly sediment theme continuation foundation clearance cleaner cleaner representation representation

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes teneffüs tenis teori tepe tepki tepkime terapi terapist teras terbiye tercih tercüme terfi terminoloji tertip tesadüf tescil teşebbüs teşekkür teselli teşhir teşhis tesis tesisat teyit teyze tez tımar tımarhane tip tıp tiraj tiryakilik tiyatro tohum tolerans tophane toplama toplanma toplantı toplayıcı toplu topluluk toplum toplumbilim toplumculuk

recreation tennis theory height reaction reaction therapy therapist terrace training preference version advancement terminology composition accident registration enterprise acknowledgement consolation exposure identification works installation confirmation aunt thesis manor institution norm medicine circulation addiction theatre egg tolerance arsenal concentration concentration assembly collector batch society society sociology socialism

toprak törebilim tören tornacı torpido tortu trajedi traktör transformasyon transkripsiyon travma tugay tümevarım tümör tümsek tünel turba turist turizm tutanak tutarlılık tutku tutma tutsak tutuklu tutum tuvalet tüzük uçak uçaklar üçgen ücret uçurum uğraş ulam ulaşma ülke ulus ün ünite unsur ur üretici üretim ürün uşak

earth ethics ceremony turner egg grounds tragedy tractor transformation transcription trauma brigade induction tumour prominence gallery peat tourist tourism protocol consistency ambition repression prisoner prisoner attitude lavatory constitution aircraft aircraft triangle payment gulf profession category accession realm commonwealth prominence unit element tumour manufacturer production child servant

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

623

624

Indexes

usandırma üslup üstünlük utku uyanış uyaran uyarım uyarlama uyarma uydurma üye üyeler üyelik uygulama uygunluk uyluk uyma uysallık uyum uyuşma uyuşmazlık uzantı uzatma uzlaşma uzman uzmanlık uzuv vade vadi vagon vahiy vaka vakıf vakit valf valiz vana varis varış varlık Varlıklar varma varoş varsayım varyans varyasyon

harassment wording lordship victory revival stimulus stimulation version stimulation invention member membership membership enforcement correspondence thigh compliance flexibility consistency alliance disagreement extension extension settlement student expertise member maturity valley car revelation event foundation hour valve suitcase valve heir arrival entity assets arrival outskirts hypothesis variance variation

vasi vasıta vekil vektör ventil veranda vergi vergilendirme veri veriler verim versiyon vesile vezir veznedar villa virüs vitrin voltaj vurgu vurucu yabancı yadsıma yakınlık yakınma yakma yalak yalan yalanlama yalıtım yalnızlık yalvarma yamaç yapağı yapı yapım yapımcı yapıt yapma yaprak yapraklar yaradılış yaratık yardım yardımcı yargı

administrator means vicar vector valve porch imposition assessment data data proceeds version means queen treasurer villa virus window voltage emphasis striker outsider denial affinity complaint lighting basin invention denial insulation loneliness plea brow wool construction production producer production fulfilment sheet foliage creation creature assistance supporter judgement

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes yarıçap yarıküre yarışçı yarışma yarışmacı yasa yasak yaşam yasama yat yatırım yatırımcı yavru yaygınlık yayılma yayımcı yayımcılık yayın yazar yazarlık yazı yazıcı yazıhane yazılım yazım yazın yazışma yazma yazýcý yeğen yemin yenge yenileme yenilik yer yerleşim yerleşme yerleştirme yeryüzü yetenek yetersizlik yetiştirme yetki yetkililer yığın yıkım

radius hemisphere competitor competition competitor law prohibition life legislation yacht investment investor child prevalence expansion editor publishing publication writer writing writing printer bureau software spelling literature correspondence writing printer nephew oath aunt renewal innovation situation layout settlement placement earth ability disability culture clearance authorities collection disaster

Yıl yineleme yoğunlaşma yoğunluk yokluk yoksunluk yol yolcu yönetici yönetmelik yönetmen yöney Yönlendirme yöntem yöntembilim yontu yordam yöre yorum yükleme yüklenici yükseklik yükselme yükseltme yumurta yün yunus yürürlük yürütme yuva yuvar yüzde yüzdelik yüzyıl zaaf zafer zahmet zaman zamanlama zapt zar zenginlik zevk ziraat zirve ziyaretçi

year repetition concentration concentration absence deprivation outlet passenger manager regulations administrator vector orientation methodology methodology statue procedure region interpretation charging contractor height promotion promotion egg wool dolphin operation execution socket sphere percent percentage century disability victory pains hour timing conquest membrane abundance enjoyment agriculture summit visitor

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

625

626

Indexes constraint violence constraint urgency cruelty category

zor zorbalık zorlama zorunluluk zulüm zümre

Nouns (English - Turkish) ability abolition abortion absence absorption abundance academy acceleration acceptance accession accident accountancy accuracy accused acknowledgement activation activity actress addiction adjustment administrator admission advancement advent advertisement advertising adviser aeroplane affinity agenda aggression agony agreement agriculture

iktidar iptal düşük eksiklik emilme bereket akademi ivme kabul artma rastlantı muhasebecilik ayar sanık tanıma etkinleştirme etkinlik aktris tiryakilik ayar idareci giriş ilerleme gelme reklam reklamcılık danışman tayyare ilgi gündem hücum agoni anlaşma çiftçilik

aircraft airfield airport album alcohol allegiance alliance allocation alpha altar alteration aluminium ambassador ambition ambulance amendment ammunition amusement analogy analyst announcement anthropology antibody apparatus applicant appointment approval archaeology architect are arena argument aristocracy armchair arrival arse arsenal article assembly assertion assessment asset assets assignment assistance assurance asthma astonishment

uçak havaalanı havaalanı albüm alkol sadakat dünürlük ayırma alfa mihrap değiştirme alüminyum büyükelçi hırs ambulans değişiklik cephane eğlence benzeşim analist ilan antropoloji antikor alet aday tayin beğenme arkeoloji mimar ar arena delil aristokrasi koltuk varma göt cephanelik madde çevirme iddia vergi mal aktif devir destek güvence astım şaşırma

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes asylum atmosphere attitude attorney attraction aunt authorities autumn avenue aviation axis backing baker balcony ballet banker bankruptcy barrier basin basis basket batch bathroom beauty behaviour bible bile binoculars biography biology biopsy bitterness bloke booking boredom boundary bourgeoisie boy brazil breath bride brigade brochure broker brother brow builder

barınak hava duruş avukat çekicilik hala yetkililer güz cadde havacılık mihver ciro fırıncı balkon bale banker iflas korkuluk yalak esas sayı grup banyo güzellik davranış İncil aksilik dürbün biyografi biyoloji biyopsi sertlik adam rezervasyon sıkıntı hudut burjuvazi delikanlı Brezilya esinti gelin tugay broşür komisyoncu birader alın inşaatçı

bulletin bureau bureaucracy burglary buyer cab cabin calcium calf camera canon canteen cape capitalism car carrier cassette casting category cattle ceiling cell cellar cemetery censorship century ceremony certainty championship chancellor charging chef chemist chest child chimney cholesterol cinema circulation clarity classification classroom cleaner clearance clearing client clothes

bülten büro bürokrasi hırsızlık müşteri taksi kabin kalsiyum buzağı kamera kanun kantin pelerin kapitalizm araba nakliyeci kaset dökme bölüm sığır tavan hücre kiler kabristan sansür yüzyıl tören katiyet şampiyonluk başbakan yükleme şef eczacı göğüs çocuk baca kolesterol sinema sirkülasyon açıklık sınıflama derslik temizleyici temizleme kliring müvekkil giysi

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

627

628

Indexes

collaboration collection collector colony colours comedy commander commentary commitment committee commodity commonwealth competition competitor complaint complexity compliance composer composition comprehension compression concentration concept conception conclusion confederation conference confession configuration confirmation confusion congregation conquest consciousness consistency consolation consolidation consortium constitution constraint construction consultation container contamination contempt contention contents continuation

işbirliği derlem koleksiyoncu koloni bayrak güldürü komutan açıklama bağlantı komisyon emtia ulus çekişme rakip dert karmaşa rıza besteci kompozisyon anlama basınç yoğunluk mefhum anlayış karar birlik görüşme itiraf konfigürasyon doğrulama kargaşa cemaat zapt bilinç kıvam avunma sağlamlaştırma konsorsiyum anayasa zor anlam konsültasyon kap bulaştırma ayıp sav içindekiler uzatma

continuity contraction contractor contribution controller controversy convenience convention conversation conviction cooker cooper cooperation copper coronary corps corpus correlation correspondence cottage council county coupon courtyard cousin creation creature creditor creed crew crisis criterion cruelty cult culture customer customs dad daddy dairy dale damages dame danger data day daylight daytime

devamlılık büzülme müteahhit yazı denetleyici ihtilaf elverişlilik toplantı söyleşi inanç fırın fıçıcı destek bakır koroner heyet külliyat korelasyon mektuplaşma kulübe meclis kontluk kupon avlu kuzen yaradılış yaratık alacaklı inanç ekip kriz ölçüt gaddarlık merak kültür müşteri gümrük baba baba mandıra vadi tazminat kadın tehlike bilgi gün aydınlık gündüz

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes dean debt debtor deception decoration deer defence defender definition delegation democrat demolition demonstration denial density dentist department depot depression deprivation depth descent desktop destination detection detector devaluation development device diagnosis diameter diarrhoea dictionary dimension dimensions diplomacy disability disagreement disaster disbelief disc disclosure disco discovery discussion disk disposal

dekan borç borçlu kandırma dekorasyon geyik savunma savunucu tanım delegasyon demokrat tahrip gösteri yadsıma sıklık dişçi bakanlık depo depresyon mahrumiyet derinlik inme masaüstü hedef bulma bulucu devalüasyon kalkınma plan tanı çap amel sözlük boyut ebat diplomasi ehliyetsizlik anlaşmazlık facia güvensizlik disk ifşa disko bulgu görüşme disk düzen

dissatisfaction dissolution distinction diversion doctrine documentation doll dollar dolly dolphin domain dominance domination door drama drawer dressing driver earth ecology economics economist edition editor education effectiveness effort egg ego electron element emergence emperor emphasis employee employer enclosure endorsement enforcement enjoyment enquiry enterprise entity entry environment enzyme episode

doyumsuzluk bozma üstünlük eğlence doktrin belgeleme bebek dolar bebek yunus alan egemenlik egemenlik giriş drama keşideci giydirme makinist arz çevrebilim ekonomi iktisatçı yayın başyazar tahsil etkililik çabalama bomba ego elektron eleman belirme imparator önem görevli işveren kapama ciro uygulama haz sorgu teşebbüs mevcudiyet antre çevre enzim olay

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

629

630

Indexes

equality equation equipment era estate ethics evaluation eve event evolutionary example exception exchequer excitement exclusion execution exhibition existence expansion expenditure expenses expertise explanation exploitation exploration exposure expression extension extraction faction factory familiarity farmer fascism federation feminism fever fibre fiction fifth fighter finding fireplace fisher fitness fittings flexibility flora

eşitlik eşitlik donatı devir mülk etik değerlendirme arife olay evrimsel ders istisna hazine telaş çıkarma icra sergileme hayat genişleme gider Masraflar ekspertiz açıklama işletme araştırma teşhir tabir uzatma çekme ayrılık fabrika laubalilik çiftçi faşizm federasyon feminizm telaş lif uydurma beşinci kavgacı karar ocak balıkçı yetenek teçhizat elastikiyet flora

focusing foliage football formula forum foundation framework frequency fridge frog fulfilment funding funds fusion gallery garage gardener gate gene geography geology girl glasses glucose goalkeeper grandfather grandmother gratitude greenhouse grid grounds guest guilt gulf happiness harassment hardship hardware hay heading heater heath heaven height heir helicopter hemisphere heritage

odaklama yapraklar futbol formül forum vakıf çatı frekans buzdolabı kurbağa yapma fonlama para erime dehliz garaj bahçıvan kapı gen coğrafya jeoloji kız gözlük glikoz kaleci büyükbaba anneanne minnettarlık limonluk ızgara tortu davetli suç uçurum mutluluk usandırma cefa donanım saman başlık ısıtıcı funda cennet yükseklik varis helikopter yarıküre miras

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes hierarchy highway hillside historian hobby holder holland homework hood hospitality hostility hotel hour hunter hut hydrogen hypothesis identification identifier identity ideology ignorance illustration imagination immunity implementation implication imposition impression improvement impulse incentive incidence inclusion income indemnity independence indication indicator induction industry infantry infinitive information infrastructure injection inn

hiyerarşi otoyol yamaç tarihçi hobi hamil Hollanda ödev kukuleta konukseverlik düşmanlık otel zaman avcı kulübe hidrojen hipotez tanıma tanıtıcı aynılık ideoloji cahillik örnek hayal muafiyet gerçekleştirme bulaştırma aldatma baskı gelişme dürtü güdü isabet kapsama gelir tazminat bağımsızlık gösterme Belirteç tümevarım sanayi piyade mastar bilgi altyapı enjeksiyon han

innocence innovation inquest insight insistence instability installation institution instructions instructor insulation insurance intake interaction interpretation interval invasion invention investigation investment investor involvement iris irritation isolation jealousy jeans jewellery journalism journalist judgement junction jury keeper keyboard khan kidney kindness kingdom kitchen knee knitting lad landing lane language laser

günahsızlık icat tahkikat kavrama ısrar kararsızlık kurma kuruluş talimat eğitmen izolasyon sigorta giriş etkileşim açıklama ara akın uydurma inceleme abluka yatırımcı ilgi iris kızgınlık yalnızlık haset blucin kuyumculuk gazetecilik gazeteci yargı kavşak jüri bakıcı klavye han huy nezaket alem mutfak diz örme delikanlı iniş kulvar dil lazer

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

631

632

Indexes

laughter lavatory law lawn lawyer layout leader leadership leaflet leaving lecturer legend legislation legitimacy lexicon liability librarian library lid life lighter lighting likelihood limb limestone limitation linguistics liquidity literature litre liver livestock location loch logic logo loneliness lord lordship lorry lotus loyalty luggage machine machinery madam magnitude mahogany

gülme hela yasa çimenlik avukat yerleşim önder liderlik broşür ayrılma okutman efsane mevzuat meşruluk sözlük sorumluluk kütüphaneci kütüphane kapak canlılık çakmak yakma olasılık aza kalker sınırlama dilbilim likidite edebiyat litre karaciğer mal Konum göl mantık logo yalnızlık sahip üstünlük kamyon Lotus sadakat bagaj makine makineler bayan büyüklük maun

maid mainframe maintenance manager manifesto manipulation manners manor mansion manufacturer mare marker marketing marsh mason mathematics maturity me means measuring meat mechanics mechanism medal media medicine member membership membrane message metal metaphor methodology metre miller minutes missile mission mistress mixture modification module moisture momentum monitoring monopoly month mood

hizmetçi anabilgisayar nafaka yönetmen bildiri hile terbiye tımar konak fabrikatör kısrak damga pazarlama batak duvarcı matematik olgunluk bana alet ölçme et mekanik mekanizma madalya araçlar hekimlik aza üyeler perde mesaj maden istiare metodoloji metre değirmenci tutanak füze elçilik bayan karışım değiştirme birim nem devinirlik dinleme tekel ay hava

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes morale motif motivation motorway movement movie multimedia museum musician myth nation nationalism nationality navigation neighbourhood nephew nitrogen node norm notebook nucleus nursery nut nylon oath obedience obsession odour offence offender officer onion opera operation operator opponent opportunity orchestra ordeal organ organism orientation outcome outlet outset outsider outskirts

maneviyat motif güdü otoyol hareket film Multimedya müze çalgıcı efsane ulus milliyetçilik milliyet sefer semt yeğen azot boğum norm defter çekirdek fidanlık somun naylon küfür itaat saplantı şöhret saldırı suçlu memur soğan opera çalıştırma cerrah aleyhtar fırsat orkestra çile araç organizma Yönlendirme son çıkış başlangıç yabancı varoş

oven owner oxygen ozone packet pains painter palace parameter parents parliament participant partnership passenger passport pavement payment peasant peasantry peat penis penny pensioner percent percentage perception perfection personality personnel perspective petrol phase phenomenon philosophy photographer photography physics piper placement planet planning plasma player plea poem poetry policy

fırın sahip oksijen ozon paket zahmet boyacı saray parametre ebeveyn meclis katılımcı ortaklık yolcu pasaport kaldırım ücret köylü köylüler turba kamış peni emekli yüzde komisyon algı kusursuzluk kişilik personel görünüm benzin aşama fenomen felsefe fotoğrafçı fotoğrafçılık fizik gaydacı koyma gezegen planlama plazma oyuncu yalvarma şiir şiir poliçe

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

633

634

Indexes

polymer pony popularity population porch pork porter portfolio portrait possibility postcard potato prayer preference premises preoccupation preservation presidency president prevalence prevention princess printer printing prisoner problem procedure proceeds processing processor producer product production profession professor programming prohibition projection prominence promotion pronunciation proposal proprietor protocol prototype provisions psychologist psychology

polimer midilli popülerlik nüfus sundurma domuz hamal portföy portre olabilirlik kartpostal patates dua tercih arazi kaygı koruma başkanlık rektör yaygınlık engelleme prenses basımcı baskı mahpus mesele prosedür gelir işlem işlemci prodüktör çarpım üretim beyan profesör programlama yasak atma şöhret terfi telaffuz teklif sahip protokol prototip erzak ruhbilimci ruhbilim

pub publication publicity publisher publishing punishment pupil purchaser pursuit quantity quantum quarters queen quotation racism radar radius railway ratio rationale reaction reactor reader reading realism realm reassurance rebellion receiver recession recipe recommendation recreation recurrence referendum refusal regime region registration regression regulations rehabilitation rehearsal rejection relationship reliability religion reluctance

bar yayın tanıtım yayımcı yayımcılık ceza gözbebeği alıcı kovalama miktar nicem kışla dam iktibas ırkçılık radar yarıçap demiryolu nispet gerekçe reaksiyon reaktör düzeltmen okuma gerçekçilik alan reasürans ayaklanma almaç düşüş çözüm tavsiye teneffüs tekerrür referandum reddetme rejim bölge kaydetme gerileme mevzuat rehabilitasyon prova ret akrabalık güvenilirlik din gönülsüzlük

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes remainder renaissance renewal repertoire repetition representation repression requirement resemblance reservation reservoir residence resolution resources restaurant retirement revelation revenue revision revival ribbon rosemary rotation rover rules safety salad salary salon saloon sanctuary sausage scenario scenery scholar scientist script secretion sector sediment seller seminar senate sensitivity sergeant servant server

artık Rönesans yenileme repertuar tekrar gösterim tutma ihtiyaç benzerlik rezervasyon depo ev teklif kaynaklar lokanta emeklilik vahiy gelir tashih uyanış kurdela biberiye dönme avare tüzük emniyet salata aylık salon bar barınak sucuk senaryo manzara bilgin bilgin senet salgılama bölge tortu bayi Seminer senato duyarlık çavuş hizmetçi sunucu

session setting settlement severity sexuality shareholder sheep sheet shelf shipping shirt shoe shortage shorts significance similarity singer sir sister situation ski smith soccer socialism society sociology socket sodium sofa software soldier solicitor solution son source sovereignty speaker specification specimen speculation spelling sphere spider spokesman sponsorship squadron stability

celse ayar ev önem cinsellik hissedar koyun çarşaf sergen nakliye gömlek ayakkabı açık şort önem benzerlik şarkıcı bay hastabakıcı durum kayak demirci ayaktopu sosyalizm dernek sosyoloji priz sodyum kanepe yazılım asker avukat çare oğul kaynak bağımsızlık sözcü belirtme göstermelik spekülasyon heceleme tabaka örümcek sözcü destek filo istikrar

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

635

636

Indexes

stadium staircase stairs stance statement statistics statue statute steward stimulation stimulus storage stove striker student studio submission success succession successor suitcase summit sunset supermarket supervisor supplier supporter surgeon surgery surroundings surveyor suspension sweater switching sword symbol symmetry symptom syndrome syntax synthesis system tariff taxation teacher television telly temple

stadyum merdiven merdiven duruş bildiri istatistik heykel nizam kamarot uyarım uyaran ambar fırın vurucu uzman atölye itaat başarı sıra halef Çanta doruk günbatımı süpermarket müfettiş satıcı arka cerrah muayenehane çevre bilirkişi asma kazak anahtarlama kılıç sembol simetri araz sendrom sözdizim sentez dizge tarife vergi hoca televizyon televizyon tapınak

tennis termination terminology terrace terrain territory text theatre theme theory therapist therapy thesis thickness thigh thing threat threshold timetable timing toilet tolerance topic tourism tourist tractor tradition tragedy trainee training transaction transcription transformation transition trauma traveller travelling treasurer treasury triangle tribe tribunal trousers tumour turner uncertainty uncle unemployment

tenis son terminoloji set arazi toprak tekst tiyatro konu kuram terapist terapi önerme kalınlık but madde gözdağı başlangıç tarife zamanlama hela dayanma konu turizm turist traktör gelenek facia stajyer idman hareket transkripsiyon dönüşüm geçiş travma seyyah gezici veznedar hazine üçgen aşiret mahkeme pantolon tümör tornacı şüphe amca işsizlik

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes unification unit unity universe unrest urgency us utterance vale validation validity valley valve variance variation vat vector vegetation vehicle vendor ventilation verb verdict version vessel vicar vicinity victim victor victory villa violence virus visitor voltage vulnerability waiter wallet warfare weapon week width willingness window wool wording worker

birleşme ünite birlik alem huzursuzluk kaçınılmazlık bize ifade vadi onaylama geçerlilik dere supap değişiklik değişim fıçı vektör tümör araç satıcı havalandırma fiil karar yorum kap vekil çevre kurban fatih galibiyet köşk zorlama virüs ziyaretçi gerilim savunmasızlık garson cüzdan savaş silah hafta genişlik gönüllülük cam yapağı üslup işçi

works workshop writer writing yacht yarn year youngster

637

fabrika atölye yazar yazarlık yat iplik sene genç

Adverbs (Turkish - English) açıkça alenen ancak asla aslında aynen ayrıca başlangıçta başlıca bazen belki bilhassa biraz birazdan birdenbire bizzat cidden çoğunlukla çok da dahi de evvelce fazla genellikle gerçekten hafif hafifçe hakkıyla halen hiç

obviously publicly scarcely never basically exactly too initially primarily occasionally possibly expressly slightly presently abruptly personally seriously mostly too too too too previously too usually actually lightly slightly duly currently never

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

638

Indexes

içtenlikle inşallah katiyen kazara kesinlikle keza kibarca kolayca kolaylıkla maalesef muhtemelen nasıl nazikçe ne nezaketle nispeten oldukça önce önceden özdevimli özellikle resmen şahsen sessizce şimdi şüphesiz tam tamam tamamen tesadüfen umutla

sincerely hopefully never accidentally definitely too politely easily easily unfortunately easily how gently how politely relatively relatively firstly previously automatically expressly officially personally silently presently easily exactly exactly exactly accidentally hopefully

distinctly duly easily evidently exactly expressly firstly gently highly hopefully how initially lightly mostly never obviously occasionally officially openly originally personally politely possibly presently previously primarily publicly relatively scarcely seriously silently sincerely slightly too unfortunately usually

açıkça hakkıyla kolayca açıkça tamamen açıkça önce nazikçe çok inşallah ne başlangıçta hafif çoğunlukla hiç açıkça bazen resmen açıkça aslında şahsen kibarca belki birazdan evvelce başlıca alenen oldukça ancak cidden sessizce içtenlikle hafifçe keza maalesef genellikle

Adverbs (English - Turkish) abruptly accidentally actually automatically basically clearly currently definitely

birdenbire kazara aslında özdevimli aslında açıkça halen kesinlikle

Adjectives (Turkish - English) acayip acele açık acıklı

peculiar hurried overt pathetic

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes acil acımasız aciz adaleli adi adli adsız affedersiniz akıllı akılsız akraba alakadar alakalı alçakgönüllü aldırışsız alıngan altın amaçsız amansız ameli anal analitik anlamlı anlamsız anlaşılır anonim anormal aptal ardışık arızalı artistik aşağılık aşikâr asılı aşırı asma atılgan atmosferik atomik ayıran aynen aynı ayrıntılı az azametli bağışık

immediate ruthless unable muscular cheap judicial anonymous sorry sensible unreasonable related interested interested modest indifferent sensitive golden pointless ruthless practical anal analytical meaningful meaningless understandable anonymous abnormal dumb consecutive defective artistic wicked evident suspended unreasonable suspended aggressive atmospheric atomic selective verbal same detailed few proud immune

bağlı bahtsız barışçı başarısız basit başka başlangıç basmakalıp bayağı baygın becerikli beceriksiz bedbaht belirgin belirli belirsiz belli bencil benzer benzersiz berbat bereketli besbelli biçimsiz bilgili bilgisiz bilimsel bilinçli bilinçsiz bilinen biricik birikimli birikmiş birimsel biyolojik bol bölgesel boş bozuk bürokratik büyük büyüleyici büyülü buzlu cahil çalışkan

connected unfortunate pacific unfortunate straightforward different elementary conventional cheap unconscious practical awkward unhappy evident certain doubtful certain selfish analogous unique terrible productive evident ugly informed ignorant scientific aware unconscious known unique cumulative cumulative modular biological ample regional meaningless defective bureaucratic ample glamorous magical icy ignorant energetic

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

639

640

Indexes

canlı cazibeli çekici çekilmez çekilmiş cerrahi çeşitli çift cinsel çıplak çirkin çizgisel coğrafi çok cömert çözümlemeli çözümsel dahili damalı dayanıklı dayanılmaz değerli değersiz değişik değişmez dehşetli deli demokratik deneme deneyimli deneysel dengeli devirli dilbilimsel dilsiz dinç dini dirençli diri dış dışarıda doğru doğrusal dokunaklı dokuzuncu dolu

alive charming appealing intolerable drawn surgical varied dual sexual naked ugly linear geographical numerous handsome analytical analytical inner checked substantial intolerable costly cheap varied settled fearful daft democratic tentative experienced experimental balanced periodic linguistic dumb youthful ecclesiastical resistant alive foreign outdoor honest linear pathetic ninth loaded

donmuş dövülmüş doyurucu dürüst düşmanca duyarlı duygulu duygusal ebedi edebi edilgen edimsiz eğitilmiş eğlenceli egoist egzotik ehliyetsiz ekinsel ekonomik eksik elektrik elektrikli elektriksel elektronik elverişli elverişsiz emin emniyetli endişeli endüstriyel enerjik enfes engin esas eski esnek esrarengiz eşsiz etkilenmemiş etkileşimli etkisiz etnik etraflı evlenmemiş evli evrensel

frozen beaten satisfying honest hostile sensitive emotional sentimental eternal literary passive virtual trained enjoyable selfish exotic inefficient cultural economic inadequate electrical electrical electrical electronic practical unsuitable certain reliable fearful industrial energetic superb vast intrinsic old flexible mysterious unique unaffected interactive inefficient ethnic comprehensive unmarried married global

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes faal fahiş farkında farklı farksız faydalı feci feodal ferah fevkalade finansal fırtınalı fizyolojik fonksiyonel garip Geçerli geçersiz geçici geleneksel genç genel geniş genişletilmiş geometrik gerçek gerçekçi gerekli gereksiz girişken gizemli gizli global gönülsüz görgülü güçlü güncel gürültücü gürültülü gururlu güvenilir güzel haberdar hain haksız hantal harika

energetic unreasonable alive different indifferent beneficial tragic feudal spacious remarkable financial ugly physiological functional odd valid illegal tentative conventional youthful global ample expanded geometric intrinsic realistic required redundant aggressive mystical inner global reluctant experienced energetic up-to-date noisy noisy arrogant tried pleasant informed wicked unfair awkward gorgeous

hassas hatalı hatırlatan hatırlayan hayali hayatta hayırlı hayırsever hazır hazırlıklı Hemen hevesli heybetli heyecanlı Hiç hiçbiri hiddetli hileli hınzır hissedilir hissi hiyerarşik hoş hoşnut hukuki huysuz huzursuz iç içli içsel idari iğrenç ihtiyar ikili ikincisi iktisadi ilgili ilginç ilgisiz ilk ilkel illegal ilmi imzasız ince insafsız

delicate incorrect reminiscent reminiscent imaginary alive beneficial charitable prepared prepared immediate responsive tremendous emotional none none angry unfair wicked sensible sentimental hierarchical enjoyable glad judicial vicious uneasy internal sentimental inherent managerial disgusting old dual latter economic related interesting indifferent elementary elementary illegal scientific anonymous fragile ruthless

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

641

642

Indexes

irrasyonel ısıl isimsiz işlevsel istekli isteksiz istenmeyen istisnai iyimser kaba kabahatli kabiliyetli kaçamaklı kaçık kalifiye kalitesiz kanuni kanunsuz kapsamlı karanlık kareli kârlı karşılıklı kasıtsız kasti kasvetli kavgacı kavramsal kayalık kaygılı kayıtlı kayıtsız kazançlı kederli kentsel kesin keyfi keyifli kibar kibirli kilitli kırılgan kirli kırsal kişisel kısıtlı

irrational thermal anonymous functional prepared reluctant undesirable exceptional optimistic brutal guilty intelligent elusive daft qualified cheap statutory illegal comprehensive gloomy checked beneficial mutual unconscious conscious bleak aggressive conceptual rocky fearful registered indifferent profitable unhappy urban certain arbitrary cheerful polite arrogant locked fragile filthy rural personal qualified

kıskanç kızgın klinik kocaman konvansiyonel korkak korkunç kötü küçük kullanılmış kullanışlı kullanışsız kültürel kumlu küresel kuşkulu küstah küsur kusurlu kutsal kuvvetli lehte leziz lezzetli loş lüks lüzumsuz maalesef mağrur mahsus makul mali manevi mantıklı mantıksız manyetik marjinal masraflı mecburi medeni memnun meraklı merhametsiz meşgul meşhur mesleki

jealous angry clinical enormous conventional fearful fearful vicious petty used practical awkward cultural sandy global doubtful arrogant odd faulty spiritual intense favourable delicious delicious gloomy luxurious unnecessary sorry proud peculiar reasonable financial spiritual valid unreasonable magnetic marginal expensive forced civil glad curious ruthless engaged famous occupational

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes meşru mevsimsiz mimari moda modüler muaf muazzam mübarek muhakkak muhtemel muhteşem mükemmel mümkün müşterek müstesna muteber müthiş mutsuz muzip muzır müzmin nadir namuslu narin nazik nefis nemli neşeli nicel nişanlı nispi nitelikli nükleer ödenebilir ödenecek ödenmemiş ödenmiş öfkeli olabilir olağandışı olağanüstü olanaklı olanaksız olası öldürücü olgun

valid premature architectural fashionable modular immune enormous holy certain probable gorgeous elegant possible mutual exceptional valid fearful unhappy wicked harmful confirmed unusual respectable fragile civil delicious moist cheerful quantitative engaged proportional qualified nuclear payable payable outstanding settled angry possible abnormal remarkable possible unable possible fatal ripe

olmuş ölümcül olumlu önad onaylı önceki önemli önemsiz onurlu opsiyonlu orantılı ortak ortodoks örtük özel özgü özlü öznel pahalı paketlenmiş paralel parasal parlak pasif patırtılı periyodik pis pişkin pişman politik popüler pragmatik pratik prematüre psikiyatrik psikolojik rahatsız rasyonel realist renkli riskli ritmik rizikolu ruhani ruhsal rutubetli

ripe fatal favourable adjective approved old substantial petty proud optional proportional mutual orthodox implied personal peculiar substantial subjective expensive packed analogous monetary gorgeous passive noisy periodic filthy old sorry political popular pragmatic practical premature psychiatric psychological uneasy rational realistic colourful risky rhythmic risky spiritual spiritual moist

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

643

644

Indexes

sabırsız sabit saçma sade saf sağ sağlam şahane şahsi sahte şairane sakar sakat saldırgan sanal şanssız sarhoş şartlı şaşırtıcı saygıdeğer saygın sayısız seçici seçimli seçkin seçmeli şefkatli seksi seksüel şen seninki sert sesli sessiz sevimli sevinçli seyrek şiddetli sıfat şiirsel şık sıkıcı sıkıntılı şimdiki simultane sınırlı

impatient settled irrational stark naive alive substantial tremendous personal artificial poetic awkward defective aggressive virtual unhappy loaded qualified astonishing respectable respectable countless selective optional outstanding optional charitable sexy sexual cheerful yours rigorous vocal dumb charming glad rare brutal adjective poetic elegant gloomy uneasy immediate simultaneous limited

sınırsız şıpsevdi şirin sivil siyasal siyasi sizinki soğuk son sonraki sonsuz sorumlu sözde sözdizimsel sözlü suçlu suni şüpheci şüphelenen şüpheli şüphesiz süssüz şuursuz süzgün taahhütlü tahammülsüz Tahmini tahsilli tahta takma taktik talihsiz tam tanımlayıcı tanınmış tarihi tarihsel tarımsal tatlı tatsız taze tecrübe tecrübeli tedirgin tehlikeli tek

infinite susceptible pleasant civil political political yours frozen latter latter eternal liable supposed syntactic verbal guilty artificial suspicious suspicious suspicious certain stark unconscious drawn registered impatient estimated informed wooden artificial tactical unfortunate thorough descriptive distinguished historic historical agricultural pleasant ugly youthful tentative experienced uneasy risky odd

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes teknolojik telaşlı temel tercihli termal termik ters tesadüfi tescilli tesirsiz tiksindirici tinsel toplanmış toplumsal trajik tuhaf türlü tutarlı tutuk tüzel ucuz ucuza ümitsiz umutsuz ünlü unutulmaz üretken ürkek ussal usta üstünkörü uyanık uygar uygulamalı uygun uygunsuz uzak uzamsal uzatılmış uzaysal üzgün üzgünüm uzun vahşi vakitsiz vasat

technological hurried elementary preferred thermal thermal ugly accidental registered inefficient disgusting spiritual collected communal tragic bizarre varied coherent uneasy corporate cheap cheap hopeless hopeless famous memorable productive fearful rational intelligent superficial conscious civil practical adequate unsuitable remote spatial extensive spatial sorry sorry tall brutal premature indifferent

vasıflı verimli verimsiz vokal yabancı yakın yakışıklı yalancı yalın yanlış yapay yapıcı yapısal yapışkan yapma yapmacık yapmacıksız yaralı yaramaz yararlı yararsız yaratıcı yardımsever yarımyamalak yasadışı yasak yasaklanmış yasal yaşayan yaşlı yerleşik yerli yersiz yetenekli yeterli yetersiz yıkıcı yirminci yolsuz yönetimsel yüklü yüksek yükümlü yüzeysel zahmetsiz zararlı

skilled productive inefficient vocal foreign immediate handsome artificial naked incorrect artificial constructive structural sticky artificial artificial unaffected injured naughty beneficial pointless productive charitable superficial illegal forbidden forbidden statutory alive old settled indigenous irrelevant intelligent satisfactory inefficient destructive twentieth unlawful managerial loaded tall liable superficial cheap destructive

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

645

646

Indexes elegant toxic intelligent enjoyable mental sticky forced formidable forced

zarif zehirli zeki zevkli zihinsel zor zoraki zorlu zorunlu

Adjectives (English - Turkish) abnormal accidental adequate adjective aged aggressive agricultural alive amazing ample anal analogous analytical angry anonymous appealing approved arbitrary architectural arrogant artificial artistic astonishing atmospheric atomic aware awkward balanced beaten beneficial biological

olağandışı tesadüfi elverişli önad ihtiyar saldırgan tarımsal diri şaşırtıcı bol anal paralel analitik fırtınalı isimsiz çekici onaylı keyfi mimari gururlu yapmacık artistik şaşırtıcı atmosferik atomik bilinçli beceriksiz dengeli dövülmüş hayırlı biyolojik

bizarre bleak brutal bureaucratic casual certain charged charitable charming cheap checked cheerful civil clinical coherent collected coloured colourful communal comprehensive compulsory conceptual confirmed connected conscious consecutive considerable constructive conventional corporate costly countless cultural cumulative curious daft defective delicate delicious delightful democratic depressing descriptive destructive detailed different disastrous disgusting

acayip kasvetli şiddetli bürokratik tesadüfi belirli yüklü hayırsever büyüleyici adi damalı istekli kibar klinik tutarlı toplanmış renkli renkli toplumsal etraflı mecburi kavramsal müzmin ilgili uyanık ardışık önemli yapıcı basmakalıp tüzel pahalı sayısız kültürel birikimli acayip deli kusurlu hassas hoş hoş demokratik acıklı tanımlayıcı zararlı ayrıntılı başka feci berbat

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes distinguished doubtful drastic drawn dreadful dual dubious dumb ecclesiastical economic electrical electronic elegant elementary elusive emotional endless energetic engaged enjoyable enormous estimated eternal ethnic evident exceptional exotic expanded expensive experienced experimental explicit extended extensive extraordinary famous fashionable fatal faulty favourable fearful feudal few filthy financial flexible forbidden

tanınmış belirsiz şiddetli çekilmiş berbat çift belirsiz aptal dini ekonomik elektrik elektronik mükemmel temel kaçamaklı duygulu sonsuz kuvvetli meşgul eğlenceli kocaman Tahmini ebedi etnik besbelli müstesna egzotik genişletilmiş masraflı deneyimli deneysel aşikâr genişletilmiş geniş fevkalade meşhur moda ölümcül kusurlu elverişli ürkek feodal az kirli finansal esnek yasak

forced foreign formidable fragile frozen functional geographical geometric glad glamorous global gloomy golden gorgeous grim guilty handsome harmful hierarchical historic historical holy honest honourable hopeless hostile huge hurried icy ignorant illegal imaginary imaginative immediate immune impatient implicit implied inadequate incorporated incorrect indifferent indigenous industrial inefficient infinite informed

mecburi dış korkunç ince donmuş fonksiyonel coğrafi geometrik memnun büyüleyici evrensel sıkıcı altın harika acımasız kabahatli bol zararlı hiyerarşik tarihi tarihi kutsal doğru onurlu umutsuz düşmanca kocaman acele buzlu bilgisiz kanunsuz sanal yaratıcı acil bağışık sabırsız örtük örtük eksik anonim hatalı vasat yerli endüstriyel ehliyetsiz sınırsız bilgili

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

647

648

Indexes

inherent injured inland inner insufficient intelligent intense interactive interested interesting internal intolerable intrinsic inviting involved irrational irrelevant jealous judicial known latent latter liable limited linear linguistic literary loaded locked luxurious magical magnetic managerial marginal married marvellous mathematical meaningful meaningless memorable mental modest modular moist monetary muscular mutual mysterious

içsel yaralı iç gizli eksik kabiliyetli kuvvetli etkileşimli meraklı ilginç dahili çekilmez esas çekici ilgili irrasyonel ilgisiz kıskanç adli bilinen gizli son sorumlu kısıtlı çizgisel dilbilimsel edebi dolu kilitli lüks büyülü çekici idari marjinal evli fevkalade kesin anlamlı anlamsız unutulmaz zihinsel alçakgönüllü birimsel nemli parasal adaleli karşılıklı esrarengiz

mystical naive naked naughty ninth noisy none nuclear numerous occupational odd old optimistic optional orthodox outdoor outstanding overt pacific packed passive pathetic payable peculiar periodic personal petty physiological pleasant poetic pointless polite political popular possible practical pragmatic preferred premature prepared probable productive profitable proportional proud psychiatric psychological qualified

gizemli saf çıplak yaramaz dokuzuncu gürültücü Hiç nükleer çok mesleki acayip eski iyimser opsiyonlu ortodoks dışarıda ödenmemiş açık barışçı paketlenmiş edilgen dokunaklı ödenebilir acayip devirli kişisel önemsiz fizyolojik güzel şairane amaçsız kibar politik popüler mümkün ameli pragmatik tercihli prematüre hazır muhtemel yaratıcı yararlı nispi azametli psikiyatrik psikolojik kısıtlı

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

Indexes quantitative rare rational realistic reasonable redundant regional registered related reliable reluctant remarkable reminiscent remote required resistant respectable responsive rhythmic rigorous ripe risky rocky rural ruthless same sandy satisfactory satisfying scientific selective selfish sensible sensitive sentimental settled sexual sexy simultaneous skilled sorry spacious spatial spiritual stark statutory sticky

nicel nadir makul realist akıllı gereksiz bölgesel kayıtlı akraba emniyetli isteksiz olağanüstü hatırlatan uzak gerekli dirençli namuslu hassas ritmik sert hazır riskli kayalık kırsal merhametsiz aynı kumlu yeterli doyurucu bilimsel ayıran bencil akıllı alıngan duygusal yerleşik cinsel seksi simultane becerikli pişman ferah uzamsal kutsal tam yasal yapışkan

straightforward structural structured subjective substantial superb superficial supposed surgical susceptible suspended suspicious syntactic tactical talented tall technological tentative terrible terrific thermal thorough toxic traditional tragic trained tremendous tried trivial twentieth ugly unable unaffected uncommon unconscious understandable undesirable uneasy unfair unfamiliar unfortunate unhappy unique unlawful unlimited unmarried unnecessary

açık yapısal yapısal öznel büyük enfes üstünkörü sözde cerrahi şıpsevdi asma kuşkulu sözdizimsel taktik yetenekli uzun teknolojik deneme berbat korkunç ısıl tam zehirli geleneksel korkunç eğitilmiş heybetli güvenilir önemsiz yirminci huysuz aciz etkilenmemiş nadir baygın anlaşılır istenmeyen endişeli haksız yabancı şanssız kederli benzersiz kanunsuz sınırsız evlenmemiş gereksiz

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

649

650

Indexes

unreasonable unsuitable unusual up-to-date urban used useful valid varied vast verbal vicious virtual vivid vocal wicked wooden yours youthful

akılsız elverişsiz nadir güncel kentsel eski faydalı Geçerli farklı çok aynen bozuk sanal canlı vokal aşağılık tahta seninki taze

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)