Trickling Filter

May 2, 2020 | Author: Anonymous | Category: Pengolahan Limbah, Material, Teknik Kimia, Ilmu Kimia, Alam
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Vrcebjclg ncjvaru Fr, Ibapivc U, _affs Iuukeciva Prknauukr* Vdipir Qlc~arucvs Ifmqlev Uecalvcuv* VEC_F Pivciji $PQLMIO# ― 967 006 CLFCI

Vrcebjclg ncjvaru   Hkuv ekl~alvcklij vaedlkjkgs oqv rajivc~ajs jauu quaf   Ecreqjir kr raevilgqjir lkl(uqohargaf nctaf ncjh ockraievkru   Clejqfau  ― _keb kr pjiuvce piebclg iu i hafcqh nkr ock(ncjh fa~ajkphalv  ― Wiuvawivar fkuclg kr ippjceivckl usuvah  ― Qlfar fricl usuvah  ― Uvrqevqra eklviclclg piebclg  ― Uaeklfirs uavvjclg qlcv

  Ejircncaf kr ncla ueraalaf prchirs annjqalv cu ippjcaf kl vda piebclg ilf ijjkwaf vk vrcebja vdrkqgd

Vrcebjclg ncjvaru   Vda ock(ncjh cu ijvarlivc~ajs atpkuaf vk wiuvawivar ilf icr    Wiuvawivar hifa vk njkwu iu i vdcl ncjh k~ar vda ock(ncjh

  Vraivaf annjqalv nrkh VN cu piuuaf vdrkqgd i uaeklfirs ejircncar ilf jav kqv iu vraivaf uaeklfirs u aeklfirs annjqalv   Pkrvckl kn vda ejircncaf annjqalv his oa raesejaf vk VN nkr   ― Fcjqvclg vda uvralgvd kn clekhclg wiuvawivar   ― Hiclviclclg alkqgd wavvclg kn vda ock(ncjh fqrclg hclchij kr  lk njkw eklfcvcklu

_aecreqjivckl

Wiuvawivar 

Prchirs ejircncar 

Vrcebjclg ncjvar 

Uaeklfirs ejircncar 

ujqfga Vk ujqfga Dilfjclg . fcupkuij

Vrcebjclg ncjvar 

Vraivaf annjqalv

Vrcebjclg Ncjvar  Cl ukha wcra haud ueraal cu pjieaf k~ar vda vkp _ayqcrau jauu alargs ilf aius vk kpariva Di~a hkra pkvalvcij nkr kfkru ilf yqijcvs kn vraivaf annjqalv cu jkw ―eiquau ira Clifayqiva ~alvcjivckl Pkkr ejircncar faucgl Clifayqiva prkvaevckl nrkh ekjf vahparivqrau Fkuclg kparivcklu Ockncjh fa~ajkphalv fa~ajkphalv his lkv oa qlcnkrh cl vda vrcebjclg ncjvar  Jcyqcf his lkv qlcnkrhjs njkw k~ar vda alvcra piebclg uqrniea $wavvclg anncecales#

Piebclg Jkw ekuv hivarcij wcvd dcgd upaecnce uqrniea irai* dcgd alkqgd pkrkucvs ilf dcgd fqriocjcvs cu cfaij   _keb $rkqlfaf rc~ar rkeb* erqudaf uvkla kr dcgd yqijcvs grilcva#* ojiuv nqrliea ujig* kr pjiuvce eil oa quaf Ekrrqgivaf pjiuvce udaav piebclg  ― Dcgd dsfriqjce eipiecvs* dcgd pkrkucvs* ilf raucuvilea ra ucuvilea vk pjqggclg $nkr oavvar icr ecreqjivckl ilf ock(ncjh ujkqgdclg#  ― Hkuv quaf ilf vwk vspau= erkuu njkw ilf ~arvceij njkw  ― Piebclg fapvd cu 6 vk 9? h $> vk >,1 h cu vspceij#* dalea rayqcra jauu jilf irai  ― Uqparckr vk uvkla piebclg nkr dcgdar krgilce jkifclg rivau

_keb piebclg  ― Dcgd falucvs jchcvu fapvd ― 0,3 vk ?,1 h $9,4 h cu vspceij#  ― Uc}a cu 71 vk 900 hh $31! kn vda hivarcij#

Wiuvawivar fkuclg+ippjceivckl usuvah Vwk vspau kn wiuvawivar fkuclg+fcuvrcoqvckl fkuclg+fcuvrcoqvckl usuvahu= _kvirs fcuvrcoqvkru . Nctaf Lk}}ja Fcuvrcoqvckl Usuvahu

_kvirs fcuvrcoqvkru   Diu ? kr hkra dkjjkw irhu hkqlvaf kl i ealvrij pc~kv  ― Irhu di~a lk}}jau ilf atvalf ierkuu ier kuu vda VN fcihavar   ― Upieclg oavwaal lk}}jau faeraiuau ealvar vk parchavar  $aluqrau qlcnkrh fcuvrcoqvckl kn wiuvawivar#

  Fslihce raievckl kn vda fcuedirgaf wiuvawivar nrkh lk}}jau ra~kj~au vda fcuvrcoqvckl irh  ― _kvivcklij upaaf ~ircau wcvd njkw  ― Ijvarlivc~ajs ajaevrceij hkvkr eil ijuk oa quaf

Wiuvawivar fkuclg+ippjceivckl usuvah   Ejairilea oavwaal fcuvrcoqvkr irh ilf ncjvar piebclg vkp cu 910 vk ??1 hh   Vspceij daif jkuu cl vda fcuvrcoqvkr cu 0,> vk 9,1 h   _kvivcklij upaafu kn fcuvrcoqvkru  ― Cl vda piuv vdaua wara 0,1 vk ? rph ― oqv lkw rafqeaf nkr  oavvar ncjvar parnkrhilea  ― Edilga nrkh ekl~alvcklij 9 vk 1 hcl+ra~, nkr rkeb ncjvaru vk fkuclg a~ars 50(11 hcl, klea chprk~af parnkrhilea $rafqeaf ock(ncjh vdceblauu . kfkqr kouar~af#  ― Eil oa faecfaf os L 8 $9"_#y + $I,F_# _* raeseja rivck

y* clnjqalv njkw riva

I* lk, kn fcuvrcoqvkr irhu

F_* fkuclg riva

Wiuvawivar fkuclg+ippjceivckl usuvah   Fkuclg ~kjqhau  ― Dcgdar fkuclg ~kjqhau ira rapkrvaf vk chprk~a wavvclg anncecales* igcvivckl* njqudclg ilf wiud iwis kn njs aggu* ilf rauqjvaf cl vdcllar ock(ncjh  ― Ficjs clvarhcvvalv dcgd njqudclg fkuau ira udkwl vk eklvrkj ock(ncjh vdceblauu ilf ukjcfu cl~alvkrs

Nctaf lk}}ja fcuvrcoqvckl usuvah  ― Cl eiua kn uyqira kr raevilgqjir ncjvaru nctaf njiv upris lk}}jau ira quaf  ― Quaf nkr udijjkw rkeb ncjvaru  ― Njiv upris pivvarl lk}}jau ira quaf $iv parcpdars dijn upris lk}}jau ira quaf#  ― Wivar prauuqra cu ~ircaf usuvahivceijjs cl krfar vk upris wiuvawivar ncruv iv hitchqh fcuvilea ilf vdal iv faeraiuclg fcuvilea

Qlfar(fricl usuvah Hailv vk eived ncjvaraf wiuvawivar ilf ukjcfu ilf ekl~as vk uaeklfirs ejircncar    Udkqjf niecjcviva ~alvcjivckl* aius clupaevckl ilf njqudclg cn  laafaf  ― Friclu ira kpal iv okvd vda alfu ilf kpal clvk i ecreqhnaralvcij edillaj

Njkkr ilf friclu kn vda ncjvar udkqjf oa uvrklg alkqgd vk uqppkrv piebclg* ujcha grkwvd ilf wiuvawivar   ― _keb ncjvaru qua pra(eiuv ojkebu kn ~cvrcncaf ejis kr ncoar gjiuu grivclg jicf kl raclnkreaf eklerava uqo(njkkr   ― Pjiuvce piebclg ncjvaru qua oaihu k~ar ekjqhlu

Nraa friclclg kqv kn ncjvaraf wiuvawivar udkqjf oa aluqraf  ― 9 cl 1 okvvkh ujkpa cu prk~cfaf vkwirfu vda kqvjav  ― qlfar(friclu ira faucglaf nkr njkw ~ajkecvs h+uae, iv i~ariga njkw Oaihu ira prk~cfaf wcvd edillaju kl vdacr vkp

^alvcjivckl ilf icr njkw Livqrij frinv cu vda prchirs hailu nkr prk~cfclg vda laafaf icr njkw   Knval clifayqiva ― nkreaf ~alvcjivckl os jkw prauuqra nilu eil oa ukjqvckl ― NF kr CF nilu eil oa quaf   Frc~clg nkrea cu vahparivqra fcnnaralea oavwaal ihocalv icr ilf wiuvawivar    Fqrclg parckfu kn lk vahparivqra fcnnaralea livqrij frinv his lkv oa vdara   Ekkjar wiuvawivar nkreau fkwlwirf icr njkw vdrkqgd vda ncjvar ilf wirhar wiuvawivar nkreau qpwirfu icr njkw   Qpwirf icr njkw lkv faucrioja ( uqppjs kn ktsgal cu jkwar  wdara fahilf cu dcgdar ilf kfkqru eil oa i prkojah

^alvcjivckl ilf icr njkw Livqrij icr frinv vdrkqgd ncjvar eil oa favarhclaf os  Ficr  8 515   9V    e



9    ]  V d    

Ficr  * frinv cl hh kn wivar ekjqhl ]* dacgdv kn vda ncjvar cl …, Ve* ekjf vahparivqra cl B Vd* dkv vahparivqra cl B

Icr njkw ~ajkecvs vdrkqgd vda ncjvar cu prkpkrvcklij vk vda livqrij icr frinv Prauuqra frkp ierkuu ncjvar cu rajivaf vk njkw ~ajkecvs os

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∎ P vkvij daif jkuu cl bPi $909,5?1 bPi cu ayqij vk 9 ivhku# ^ cu uqparnaecij icr njkw ~ajkecvs

^alvcjivckl ilf icr njkw Lp cu auvchivaf iu

 L  p

9,5>×90 ∟1  J

8 90,55F atp

 I

F cu fapvd kn piebclg $h# J+I cu jcyqcf jkifclg riva $bg+h?,dr#

Vkvij daif jkuu vdrkqgd vda ncjvar $Lpv # cu quqijjs vibal iu 9,5 vk 9,1 vchau vk Lp Lp ~ijqa nkr rkeb piebclg kn 61 h ?+h5 upaecnce uqrniea irai cu ?,0 Nkr pjiuvce rilfkh piebclg Lpv cu 9,> nkr 900 h ?+h5 uqrniea irai Nkr pjiuvce piebclg wcvd erkuu njkw eklfcvcklu L pv cu 9,5 nkr 900 h ?+h5 upaecnce uqrniea irai ilf 9,> nkr 960 h ?+h5 piebclg

^alvcjivckl ilf icr njkw Nkr oavvar icr njkw   Friclu Friclu udkqjf udkqjf lkv njkw njkw oask oasklf lf dijn dijn nqjj nqjj   Kpal irai k~ar vda vkp kn vda qlfar(friclu udkqjf oa vk 5,7 ilf k~arnjkw riva 9h+dr nkr i~ariga njkw ilf ? h+dr nkr paib njkw ira quaf, Wcvd prkpar faucgl ilf kparivckl kn i uaeklfirs ejircncar  ejircncaf annjqalv diu :?0 hg+j kn VUU

Vrcebjclg ncjvaru Ejiuucncaf iu   Jkw kr uvilfirf riva ncjvaru  ― Prkfqea annjqalv kn eklucuvalv yqijcvs vdkqgd clnjqalv cu kn  ~irsclg uvralgvd  ― Vkp 0,> vk 9,? h kn vda ncjvar diu ippraecioja ock(ncjh ilf jkwar pkrvckl his di~a lcvrcnsclg oievarci  ― Kfkqru ilf ncjvar njcau his oa vda prkojahu

  Clvarhafciva ilf dcgd riva ncjvaru  ― Njkw cu quqijjs eklvclqkqu  ― _aecreqjivckl kn annjqalv ijjkwu dcgdar krgilce jkifclgu  ― His oa i uclgja kr vwk uviga prkeauu  ― Dcgd rivau ncjvaru quqijjs qua pjiuvce piebclg

Vrcebjclg ncjvaru   _kqgdclg ncjvaru  ― Hqed dcgdar krgilce jkifclgu $ bg+h ?,fis# ira quaf  ― Dsfriqjce jkifclg eil oa qpvk 930 h 5+h?,fis  ― Quaf vk vraiv wiuvawivar prckr vk uaeklfirs vraivhalv $rayqcra jkw alargs vdil IUP ― ? vk 6 bg OKF par bWd nkr  VN igicluv 9,? vk ?,6 bg OKF par bWd nkr IUP#

?(uviga ncjvaru   Dcgd uvralgvd wiuvawivaru pranar ?(uviga ncjvar wcvd clvarhafciva ejircncar    Pranarraf wdal lcvrcnceivckl cu rayqcraf  ― Lcvrcnceivckl fahilfu jkw krgilce jkifclg $:50 hg+j# ― ekhpjava lcvrcnceivckl fahilfu :91 hg+j kn krgilce jkif

  Uapiriva VN* invar uaeklfirs vraivhalv* eil ijuk oa quaf nkr lcvrcnceivckl

Ockjkgceij ekhhqlcvs kn vrcebjclg ncjvar  Ockjkgceij ekhhqlcvs kn vrcebjclg ncjvar clejqfau  ― Iarkoce* iliarkoce ilf nieqjvivc~a oievarci  ― Nqlgc* ijgia ilf prkvk}kilu  ― Wkrhu* cluaev jir~i ilf ulicju

Ock(ncjh kl vda hafcqh uqrniea cu hicljs ekhpkuaf kn  iarkoce* nieqjvivc~a ilf iliarkoce oievarci  ― Jkwar raiedau kn vda ncjvar eil di~a lcvrcnsclg oievarci  ― Iv jkwar annjqalv pD* nqlgc pjis chpkrvilv rkja  ― Ijgia his grkw cl vda qppar raiedau kn vda ncjvar 

Prkojahu eiquaf os ockjkgceij ekhhqlcvs  ― Prkvk}ki* wkrhu* cluaev jir~i ilf ulicju naaf kl ockjkgceij ncjhu ilf cleraiua annjqalv vqrocfcvs  ― Ulicju ira vrkqojaukha cl vda VNu quaf nkr lcvrcnceivckl  ― Ijgia eil eiqua ncjvar ejkggclg ilf kfkru prkojah Nqlgij grkwvd eil ijuk ejkg vda ncjvar 

Ujkqgdclg kn ock(ncjhu Ock(ncjh eil oa qp vk 90 hh vdceb ― cl vda vkp 0,9 vk 0,? hh iarkoce fagrifivckl keeqru   Krgilce jkifclg cleraiuau vdceblauu kn vda ncjh   Iarkoce al~crklhalv ilf uqouvriva eil lkv palavriva cllar fapvdu kn vda ock(ncjh   Cl eiua kn vdceb ncjhu* n cjhu* fqa vk iliarkoce al~crklhalv ilf uqouvriva jchcvclg eklfcvcklu ilf ekluayqalv alfkgalkqu raupcrivckl* ock(ncjh jkkuau cvu ejclgclg iocjcvs   Qlfar dsfriqjce jkifclg ujkqgdclg knn kn ock(ncjh keeqru   Haedilcuhu kn ujkqgdclg nkr rkeb piebclg cu ippiralvjs fcnnaralv nrkh vdiv kn pjiuvce piebclg  ― Cl pjiuvce piebclg ujkqgdclg knn cu i uhijj ueija prkeauu ilf keeqru nrkh dsfrkfslihce udair   ― Cl rkeb piebclg jirga ueija uprclg ujkqgdclg keeqru hicljs fqa vk cluaev jir~i ievc~cvs ― innaevu vkvij OKF kn vda annjqalv $eil oa dcgdar vdil vdiv kn vda clnjqalv#

Vrcebjclg Ncjvar= faucgl Oiuaf kl ahpcrceij rajivckludcpu farc~af nrkh pcjkv pjilv uvqfcau ilf nqjj(ueija pjilv atparcaleau Nkjjkwclg ira rajivaf wcvd vraivhalv anncecales ilf quaf iu faucgl ilf kparivclg pirihavaru  ― ^kjqhavrce krgilce jkifclg  ― Qlcv irai jkifclg  ― Dsfriqjce ippjceivckl rivau

Iv :0,1 bg+h5,fis OKF jkifclg vda vraivhalv anncecales cu ,9 (>,7 h# l* dsfriqjce ekluvilv nkr piebclg vibal iu 0,>7 iv ?0 °E ilf iu 0,1 nkr i piebclg kn 30 h?+h5 upaecnce uqrniea irai

Ahpcrceij nkrhqjia nkr pjiuvce piebclg Edilga cl OKF eklealvrivckl wcvd vcha cu fU  8 ∟bU  fv 

U a U 0

∟ bv 

8 atp 8 atp

∟ bF

yl

b cu vibal iu 0,>3+fis iv ?0 °E Cvu ~ijqa cu vahparivqra fapalfalv

b V 

8 b ?09,051V ∟?0

Hkfcncaf ^aj} ayqivckl nkr vda annjqalv OKF nkr vda pjiuvce piebclg U a

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 B ?0δ V ∟?0 IU  F  $ _ " 9# atp ∟_   y$ _ " 9# 

_ cu raeseja rivck δ

cu vahparivqra ekrraevckl ekanncecalv $9,051#

Uk cu clnjqalv OKF ilf U a cu annjqalv OKF Iu cu upaecnce uqrniea irai $h ?+h5# y cu dsfriqjce ippjceivckl riva raekhhalfaf ~ijqa cu ,9 h ilf U 9 8 910 hg+j kn OKF

Nkr clnjqalv OKF kn 600 vk 100 hg+j ktsgal vrilunar eil oaekha jchcvclg cl vrcebjclg ncjvaru Jkifclg kn ukjqoja oEKF 0 ?35

Pi

Cn vahparivqra cu
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