Tree Types & Installation Methods

TREE TYPES and INSTALLATION METHODS James Pappas Jamie Patrick-Maxwell Ray Guillory

Devon FMC FMC

Deepwater Subsea Completion Systems

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Contents • • • • • • • •

Trends Technology Design Variables Subsea Configurations Drivers Tree Types Current & Future Technology Installation Methods

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Subsea Equipment Trends 2000’s

1990’s

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19601990

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10,000 psi

1,000 to 5,000 psi

15,000 psi 20,000 psi High Temperature

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Deepwater Installations Trends 1980 1980 1983 Bonito Bonito Piraúna RJS-39 RJS-232 RJS-39 189m 189m 293m

FMC 619 ft

1985 Marimbá RJS-284 Kvaerner 383m

961 ft

FMC 1,256 ft

1988 Marimbá RJS-376D 492m

1988 Placid Green FMC Canyon 31 1,613 ft 684m

VG 2,244 ft

1992 Marlim MRL-9 781m

1994 Marlim MRL-4 1027m

FMC 1997 2,561 ft Shell Mensa FMC 1618m 3,368 ft FMC 5,308 ft

1997 Marlim Sul MLS-3 1709m

VG 5,605 ft

1999 Roncador RJS-436 1853m

FMC 6,080 ft

2000 Petrobras Roncador 1877m

2002 Marathon Camden Hills 2197m

2004 Shell Coulomb 2307m

VG 6,157 ft Cameron 7,209 ft

FMC 7,570 ft

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Installation Vessels Semi- submersible Drill Ship

Jack-up

Water Depth (Feet)

Surface Vessel

Type of Mooring

< 400

Jack-up

Spud Can or Mudmat

400-4000

Semi-Submersible

Mooring (Anchors)

> 4000

Semi-Submersible

Dynamically Positioned (Thrusters)

> 2000

Drill Ship

Dynamically Positioned (Thrusters)

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Host Facilities Geographic Trends Existing Popularity Gulf of Mexico

Brazil

High

Med

Med

Med

High

Low

Med

Low

Med

High

High

High

TLP/Spar Subsea to Platform Subsea to FPSO

North Atlantic

West Africa

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Subsea Tree & Control Module Trends

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Early Trees … Texaco Tartan Stacked Valve Tree

Shell Dry Chamber Tree

Archives from Various Operating Companies and Entities

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My Career Early Trees …

Main Pass 261 #1 FMC CM-1 Mudline Tree

VK 739 #3 Kvaerner Side Valve Tree

VK 739 #2 (Pecten) Dril-Quip Vertical Tree

GC 157 (Shell Manatee) #1 Vertical Tree

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Deep Water Tree Technology

1992

1994

1996-1998

2000

Tree Interfaces that Govern Design Well – Tubing Size, Pressure, Temperature, Material Class

The Well

• Controls – Direct, Piloted, Electro/Hydraulic

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Controls

• Flowlines – Pipeline Size, Pressure, Connection Type

• Wellhead

Flowline Connection

Wellhead

– Mudline, Clamp Hub, Mandrel, Different Vendors Optimum Subsea Tree Configuration Driven by Reservoir Requirements

Fundamental Subsea Configurations VXT (TH in Tubing Head)

• The type of completion defines where the tubing hanger resides

VXT (TH in the wellhead)

HXT and EHXT

• Anything above the tubing hanger can be removed without disturbing the well Tubing Hanger

Tubing Head Subsea Wellhead

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Typical Tree Decision Drivers Horizontal Tree

Vertical Tree

• Financial driver is “installed CAPEX” • Lower well count projects that cannot justify expense of open water completion riser • High drive wells or multilaterals (have need for large bore ≥ 7”) • Complex reservoirs or frequent workovers requiring tubing retrieval • ESP technology • Batch drilling/completion and/or requirement for drill thru systems

• Financial driver is “life-of-field OPEX” • Large well count projects (or portfolios of projects) that can justify and benefit from investment in open water completion riser system • Lower drive wells (smaller bore) • Simple reservoirs or low frequency of tubing retrieval workovers • High pressure - difficult well control issues

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Subsea Trees by Water Depth

Mudline Tree Diverless Tree (Guideposts/Guidelines)

Diver Assist Tree

Guidelineless (GLL) Tree (Funnels)

Water Depth (Feet)

Surface Vessel

Type of Tree

< 400

Jack-up

Mudline – Diver Assist

200-800

Floating Vessel

Diver Assist

800-2500

Floating Vessel

Diverless

¾2500

Floating Vessel

Guidelineless

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Tree Configurations

10K Vertical Deep Water Standard

10K Vertical Shallow Water Tree 15K Enhanced Vertical Tree

15K Standard EHXT

10K Standard EHXT

Comparison of Traditional and Enhanced Vertical Trees

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ROV Tree Cap

Flowline U-Loop

Tubing Hanger Installed in Wellhead

Traditional VXT

Tubing Head With Annulus Isolation Valve

Slim OD Tubing Hanger

Enhanced VXT

Traditional Vertical Tree with Tubing Hanger Completion in Wellhead • •

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Eliminates Need for Tubing Head 18-3/4” Dual Bore Tubing Hanger Features Integral Annulus Valve 14-1/2” TH and Adapter Sleeve used on Competitor Wellheads Trip Saving ROV Tree Cap Guideline or Guidelineless Configurations BOP Setup Required for TH Orientation

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4” x 2” 5K Dual Bore GL Tree

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EG MAGY “C

EVXTTM-DB

EVXTTM-SB

Total Girassol

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Shell Std

Enhanced Slim Bore Vertical Tree 4” x 2” 10,000 psi 5” x 2” 15,000 psi

Enhanced Dual Bore Vertical Tree 5” x 2” 5,000 psi 5” x 2” 10,000 psi

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GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree and Tubing Head Stack Section View

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Tree Valves

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GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree System ROV Tree Cap

Tree Assembly

Subsea Control Module

Tubing Hanger Tubing Head Assembly Vertical Hub for Well Jumper

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GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree ROV Tree Cap Tree Cap Parking Slot

Subsea Control Module Flowline Connector

Hydraulic Flying Lead Receptacles

Tree Connector

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10K EVXT Tubing Head

Hub for Tree Flowline Connector Vertical Hub for Well Jumper Flowline Hub Latch/Release Annulus Access Valve

10K Concentric Slimbore Tubing Hanger

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Running Tool Latch Profile Locking Mandrel Lock Ring Dual Elastomer Secondary Seals

Alignment Key Tubing Suspension Threads (4” to 5 1/2”)

National Hydraulic Couplings Tronic Wet-Mate Electrical Connectors

Plug Profile Split Protective Sleeve For Couplings

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10K ROV Tree Cap • Run subsea with tree • Weighs less than 100 lbs in water

10K Enhanced Vertical Tree Stack Views

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15K Enhanced Vertical Tree System SCM Choke

Tree Assembly

Tubing Hanger

Vertical Hub for Well Jumper

Tubing Head Assembly

Capable of handling BOP’s directly

15K Enhanced Vertical Tree PRODUCTION WING VALVE PRODUCTION MASTER VALVE

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18 ¾ - H4 RE-ENTRY HUB

TREE CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE

TREE CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE

PRODUCTION SHUT IN VALVE

TREE CONNECTOR

PROD. MQC PLATE DOWNHOLE FUNCTIONS ROV PANEL

CHOKE MANF / SLED MQC PLATE

EROSION DETECTOR BLOCK

15K Enhanced Vertical Tree TREE CAP PARKING RECEPTACLE

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SUBSEA CONTROL MODULE

ANNULUS CROSSOVER VALVE ANNULUS WING VALVE ANNULUS SWAB VALVE ANNULUS MASTER VALVE

PRODUCTION SHUT DOWN VALVE

CONNECTOR / SCSSV ROV PANEL

FLOWLINE CONNECTOR

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15K Tubing Hanger Assembly

15K ROV Tree Cap

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Enhanced Horizontal Tree System

5” x 2” 10,000 psi 5” x 2” 15,000 psi

Comparison of Traditional and Enhanced Horizontal Trees Tubing Hanger

Internal Tree Cap

Both Crown Plugs Installed in Extended Tubing Hanger

Traditional HXT

Enhanced HXT

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Enhanced Horizontal Tree EHXT®

85,000 lbs 14.5’ x 14.5’ footprint x 12.5’ tall

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10K & 15K ROV Tree Cap

EHXT Tubing Hanger Features

Crown Plug Tubing Hanger

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10K & 15K EHXT EH-5 Radial Penetrator

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• Enables 9 downhole control lines through 2 EH-5 Penetrators – Hydraulic, chemical, electrical

Welded Tubing Connections on Ends of Radial Penetrator Stems

Tubing Hanger

Tree Spool Body

Female Coupler

Male Coupler

EH-5 Penetrator

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15K EHXT Length 166” (4.22m)

153” (3.88m)

134” (3.40m)

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5K HXT WireLineLess w/ ESP

Petrobras

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5K HXT with ESP Features Tubing Hanger With Dual Ball Valve

ROV Tree Cap

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5K EHXT with Retrievable Choke Module Choke Module

TREE

5K EHXT Retrievable Choke Module

•MEG Flow Meter •Wet Gas Meter •Water Cut Meter •Choke •Tree Connector •Manifold Connector •Two Sand Detectors •Suite of Dual PT/TT Sensors

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Electric Tree with Redundant Battery System

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Standard Electric Connectors

Battery Pack

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Electric Choke Control Retrofit • •

Reported production gain of 1900 bbl/d Fully open to fully closed 45 seconds.

Electric Flow Control Valves

• Electric Actuators position control and fast operation • Electric Actuators for subsea processing systems

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Boosting and Processing

Tordis Subsea Separation System

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Installation Methods and Systems

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Vertical Tree on Drill Pipe

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Horizontal Tree On Drill Pipe

5” x 2” 5K GLL Dual Bore Tree, LMRP, EDP & Completion Riser

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Heave Compensated Landing System (HCLS) 52

Tree overboarding

Tree being moved off Laney deck

Tree lowering into water

HCLS buoy deployment

HCLS Tree Installation Boat to Crane

Buoys Tree

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HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Overboard

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HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Boat

HCLS Tree Installation Buoys Overboard

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HCLS Tree Installation Sling

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HCLS Tree Installation Landout

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Rig Winch Tree Installation Boat Offload

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Rig Winch Tree Installation Rig Deployment

Rig Winch Tree Installation

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Rig Winch Tubing Head Spool Deployment

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Subsea Tree Installation • Run on monobore riser • Controlled by SCM during installation

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Monobore Completion Riser Systems • 5” 10K & 15K monobore riser systems • Riser systems can be used for light well intervention on both vertical and horizontal trees

15K Monobore Riser

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EDP

LRP

Tree

Tubing Head

5” 15K Completion Riser System

Lubricator Valve

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Tapered Stress Joint

HPU

Riser Control Station

Surface Tree

Lubricator Valve Reel Unit To EDP / LRP

Tension Joint Umbilical Reel

Intermediate Joints

THANKS!

QUESTIONS?

Me

One of my Earliest Trees – Happy Holidays, Y’all!

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Tree

TREE TYPES and INSTALLATION METHODS James Pappas Jamie Patrick-Maxwell Ray Guillory

Devon FMC FMC