Traveller Copyright © MM Publications
H.Q. Mitchell
test booklet
Traveller
Contents Test 1 Module 1. ................................................................................................................................... 5 Test 2 Module 2. ................................................................................................................................... 10 Test 3 Module 3. ................................................................................................................................... 15 Mid-term Test......................................................................................................................................... 20 Test 4 Module 4. ................................................................................................................................... 26 Test 5 Module 5. ................................................................................................................................... 31 Test 6 Module 6. ................................................................................................................................... 36
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Final Test..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Traveller
Test 1 Module 1 1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence. 1. The Global Health Charity Organisation held a rock festival last week, the
of which are going towards
famine relief in central Africa. a. winnings
b. proceeds
c. earnings
d. savings
2. After trying every trick in the book to get the boys to conform, the principal had no choice but to give them a ten-day for repeatedly violating the school rules. a. expulsion
b. assessment
c. instruction
d. suspension
3. Even though I’ve known Sven for so many years, I only found out yesterday that his mother is from Moscow, so he’s Russian. a. part
b. slightly
4. I will use this example to
c. a bit
d. somewhat
my point.
a. portray
b. illustrate
c. depict
d. sketch
5. Jason is a very capable individual, not only is he exceptionally good at
his own business but he is also
involved in a lot of charity work. a. doing
b. making
c. running
d. operating
6. As a(n)
you receive most of your training on the job while working for an employer who helps you
learn the necessary skills for a particular trade. a. exchange student
b. apprentice
7. H e donated the a. alimony
c. instructor
d. collaborator
he received for the reproduction of his play to various charities. b. bonus
c. royalties
d. commission
8. Although I wear designer clothes, I wait for the sales to get them a. in
b. at
a discount.
c. on
d. for
SCORE
8
B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals. 1. The interviewer told me that unfortunately I was
for the position in
QUALIFY
levels is causing
PRECEDENT
question as I significantly exceeded the job requirements. 2. The fact that unemployment numbers have reached wide-spread concern. INSTALL
is a convenience but you need
to keep your spending in check because it can easily get out of hand. 4. I’m saving the weekly
my parents give me in the hope that I can spend the
ALLOW
year after I finish school travelling. 5. Not only did I find the lecture on genetics boring but I also found it
.
6. D iseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria continue to affect populations in developing countries because research efforts are
COMPREHEND FUND
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3. Paying for expensive goods using monthly
.
Traveller 7. T he
COMPENSATE
that Jenny received hardly made up for the emotional distress of
losing her pet dog. 8.
developments in gene therapy are set to help people with a predisposition
to a particular disease deal with it before its onset.
ORDINARY
SCORE
8
C. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below. 1. C orporal / Capital punishment is considered by a large majority of pedagogists to be an unacceptable way to discipline unruly children. 2. I was really annoyed when I had to fork / splash out a huge sum of money to fix the windowpane in my lounge when the parents of the kid who broke it refused to pay for it. 3. V ocational / Tertiary training is essential for those who wish to develop expertise and practical knowhow for a specific line of work. 4. I have difficulty memorising facts so I always found experiential / rote learning to be extremely difficult and timeconsuming. 5. I am never buying from that mini-market again as everything is so overpriced; it’s a clear case of armed / daylight robbery. 6. It’s going to take the better part of my life to buy / pay off my mortgage. 7. She felt she had to get out of the building because a nagging premonition / foresight told her that something was going to go terribly wrong. 8. The severance / compensation pay I received after getting fired helped tide me over until I found myself a new job.
SCORE
2. grammar
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A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. He must be very clumsy because this is the fifth time he a. falls
b. is falling
2. I
on this assignment all day but it’s still nowhere near finished.
a. work
b. am working
3. If he a. call
c. has fallen
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a. supposing
d. has been falling
c. have worked
d. have been working
, tell him that the deal hasn’t gone through yet. b. called
c. should call
4. I am more than willing to lend you my laptop b. unless
d. will call you give it back to me before the weekend.
c. as long as
5. King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand currently
d. should the largest faceted diamond, known as The Golden
Jubiliee Diamond. a. owns
b. is owning
c. has owned
d. has been owning
6. _ ______________ you apply yourself throughout the year, you cannot expect to get a distinction in the end of year exams. a. Unless
down the stairs.
b. Provided
c. Supposing
d. On condition
Traveller 7. Samuel is studying to be a paediatrician, so he a. has gone to
b. has been in
England for the last four years. c. has been to
8. I’ve always considered her
d. is in
to be a model; I don’t know why the model agency felt that her height was
insufficient. a. too tall
b. very tall
c. quite tall
d. tall enough
SCORE
8
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1. I started playing the piano ten years ago but I still haven’t mastered it. BEEN In spite of the fact that I , I still haven’t mastered it. 2. I think that you should seriously consider participating in an exchange programme as it would do you the world of good. POSITION If I participating in an exchange programme as it would do you the world of good. 3. Out of the two I think I liked the second restaurant the least. BETTER I think that the one. 4. I suggest you speak to your lecturer in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time instead of sending him an e-mail. IDEA Instead of sending your lecturer an e-mail I think to him in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time. 8 SCORE
C. Complete the blanks using the words in the box. There are two extra words which you will not need to use.
so
least
most
better
best
1. I studied very hard because I wanted to do my 2. I find this to be one of the
more
much
too
in the language exam I sat for this morning. mundane tasks I have ever been called upon to do.
even 4. My son is not 5. I personally believe that the 6. I was a wink of sleep.
. of a swimmer so when we go to the sea I have to be on my guard. you worry about something, the worse you make the situation. worried about my exam results which were coming out the next day that I couldn’t get
SCORE
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3. Your score in the vocabulary test is pretty satisfactory but I’m sure you have the potential to do
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3. READING Read the text and answer the questions 1-8. Choose a, b, c or d.
Traveller
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë Published in 1847, this critically acclaimed novel tells the story of a young girl who overcomes great adversity and blossoms into an independent woman of impeccable character. Orphaned at a young age, Jane spends her early years at Lowood, a charity school for girls, where the pupils are forced to live in appalling conditions. When the headmaster, Mr Brocklehurst, brands Jane a liar in front of the entire school, Jane is determined to clear her name, and she enlists the help of the kindly superintendent, Miss Temple. Miss Temple offers to write to Mr Lloyd, an apothecary who treated Jane in the past, to verify that Jane is indeed an honest girl. As the extract begins, Jane and her friend, Helen, are having tea with Miss Temple.
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They conversed of things I had never heard of; of nations and times past; of countries far away; of secrets of nature discovered or guessed at: they spoke of books: how many they had read! What stores of knowledge they possessed! Then they seemed so familiar with French names and French authors: but my amazement reached its climax when Miss Temple asked Helen if she sometimes snatched a moment to recall the Latin her father had taught her, and taking a book from a shelf, bade her read and construe a page of Virgil; and Helen obeyed, my organ of veneration expanding at every sounding line. She had scarcely finished ere the bell announced bedtime: no delay could be admitted; Miss Temple embraced us both, saying, as she drew us to her heart “God bless you, my children!” Helen she held a little longer than me: she let her go more reluctantly; it was Helen her eye followed to the door; it was for her she a second time breathed a sad sigh; for her she wiped a tear from her cheek. On reaching the bedroom, we heard the voice of Miss Scatcherd: she was examining drawers; she had just pulled out Helen Burns’s, and when we entered Helen was greeted with a sharp reprimand, and told that tomorrow she should have half-a-dozen of untidily folded articles pinned to her shoulder. “My things were indeed in shameful disorder,” murmured Helen to me, in a low voice: “I intended to have arranged them, but I forgot.” Next morning, Miss Scatcherd wrote in conspicuous characters on a piece of pasteboard the word “Slattern,” and bound it like a phylactery round Helen’s large, mild, intelligent, and benign-looking forehead. She wore it till evening, patient, unresentful, regarding it as a deserved punishment. The moment Miss Scatcherd withdrew after afternoon school, I ran to Helen, tore it off, and thrust it into the fire: the fury of which she was incapable had been burning in my soul all day, and tears, hot and large, had continually been scalding my cheek; for the spectacle of her sad resignation gave me an intolerable pain at the heart. About a week subsequently to the incidents above narrated, Miss Temple, who had written to Mr. Lloyd, received his answer: it appeared that what he said went to corroborate my account. Miss Temple, having assembled the whole school, announced that inquiry had been made into the charges alleged against Jane Eyre, and that she was most line 32 happy to be able to pronounce her completely cleared from every imputation. The teachers then shook hands with me and kissed me, and a murmur of pleasure ran through the ranks of my companions. Thus relieved of a grievous load, I from that hour set to work afresh, resolved to pioneer my way through every difficulty: I toiled hard, and my success was proportionate to my efforts; my memory, not naturally tenacious, improved with practice; exercise sharpened my wits; in a few weeks I was promoted to a higher class; in less than two months I was allowed to commence French and drawing. I learned the first two tenses of the verb ETRE, and sketched my first cottage (whose walls, by-the-bye, outrivalled in slope those of the leaning tower of Pisa), on the same day. That night, on going to bed, I forgot to prepare in imagination the Barmecide supper of hot roast potatoes, or white bread and new milk, with which I was wont to amuse my inward cravings: I feasted instead on the spectacle of ideal drawings, which I saw in the dark; all the work of my own hands: freely pencilled houses and trees, picturesque rocks and ruins, Cuyp-like groups of cattle, sweet paintings of butterflies hovering over unblown roses, of birds picking at ripe cherries, of wren’s nests enclosing pearl-like eggs, wreathed about with young ivy sprays. I examined, too, in thought, the possibility of my ever being able to translate currently a certain little French story which Madame Pierrot had that day shown me; nor was that problem solved to my satisfaction ere I fell sweetly asleep.
1. How does Jane feel while listening to Helen and Miss Temple converse? a. fascinated by their wealth of knowledge b. bored by their constant references to French authors c. e nvious of the fact that Miss Temple seems to favour Helen over her d. f rustrated at her inability to participate in the conversation 2. Why did the girls leave Miss Temple? a. Miss Temple suggested that they should go. b. M iss Temple was too moved to continue the conversation. c. They had to go to their bedroom immediately. d. M iss Scatcherd was waiting for them in their bedroom. 3. How does Helen feel about her punishment? a. She’s furious. b. S he feels she’s been mistreated and plans to take revenge on Miss Scatcherd. c. She is accepting of her punishment. d. She feels angry and complains to Jane about it. 4. Why does Jane throw the pasteboard that was tied to Helen’s head into the fire? a. S he could no longer bear to watch her friend’s passive acceptance of an unjust punishment. b. S he wanted her friend to realise that Miss Scatcherd was wrong. c. S he couldn’t stand seeing her friend crying. d. It was the least she could do to take revenge on Miss Scatcherd.
Traveller
5. The word ‘imputation’ in line 32 means: a. j udgement b. c riticism c. d eceit d. b lame 6. What’s the ‘grievous load’ Jane mentions in line 34? a. Mr Lloyd’s letter to Miss Temple. b. T he inquiry made by Miss Temple. c. T he unfair accusation of Jane being a liar. d. T he lack of trust from Jane’s companions. 7. W hat does Jane do once Miss Temple announces that her name has been cleared? a. She turns her attention to her studies. b. She tries to improve her memory. c. She begins studying for a French test. d. She decides to become an artist. 8. Jane sketches her first cottage and, that night, it seems that a. she experiences a feeling of complete satisfaction. b. s he realises that she should focus on drawing landscapes. c. she has changed her fantasies. d. s he sets new goals after reviewing what has happened during the day.
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SCORE
4. listening You will hear an employment expert giving a speech at a job fair. The topic of his speech is: ‘Jobs that didn’t exist ten years ago’. For questions 1-9 complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 1. The new job opportunities that have arisen can perhaps offer those looking for a job greater career in the future. 2. Many companies are letting their customers know what social networking sites.
are available to them through
3. A social media manager’s responsibilities include making the public more aware of a
5. Business continuity planners come up with even terrorists.
and
. to ward off attacks from cyber space or
6. Among the services telecommuters offer large companies are customer service and 7. Video game manufacturers want their games to be both 8. The global economic crisis has given some 9. Hiring an interior redesigner is a a new appearance.
. and enjoyable.
new business opportunities. way to give your home
SCORE
18
TOTAL SCORE
80
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4. Bloggers are required to have strong
.
Traveller
Test 2 Module 2 1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence. 1. Although the food at this diner is nothing to write home about, the service is
as the waitresses are very polite
and efficient. a. unspoilt
b. idyllic
c. outstanding
2. Edwin Anderson is a double agent who remains a(n)
d. lush
figure throughout the novel as the reader never finds out
his true identity. a. shadowy
b. prosperous
c. commendable
d. exclusive
3. Edward VIII reigned as King for a short period of time and was the only British monarch to voluntarily
the
throne. a. extinguish 4. This seminar
b. relinquish
c. vanquish
d. distinguish
a large variety of activities that are sure to help you achieve the level of competency required to
work independently. a. enables
b. encloses
5. The witness’s testimony gave
c. encompasses
d. enchants
to the defendant’s claim that he had been dining at Harrington’s at the time of the
murder. a. vent
b. lie
c. ground
d. place
6. Having not thought of an alternative course of action, I found myself in a difficult situation when my plan a. backwashed
b. backlashed
c. backtracked
7. If he accepted the promotion, it would involve him being a. transformed
b. transported
8. Local delicacies make trying the a. lush
b. traditional
.
d. backfired
to the head offices in France.
c. transferred
d. transmitted
cuisine worth your while. c. elegant
d. vibrant
8
SCORE
B. Use the word given to form a suitable idiom and complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 1. I personally would feel terribly embarrassed wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to the party yesterday night. DEAD I personally
wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to
the party yesterday night. 2. Mary really offended John yesterday when she said that he didn’t stand a chance of getting into law school. Mary really
FOOT
when she said that John didn’t stand a
chance of getting into law school.
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3. I was extremely frightened when I heard a growling noise coming out of my wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother playing a prank on me. I nearly
SKIN when I heard a growling noise coming out of my
wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother playing a prank on me. 4. I found it difficult to look serious when my supervisor, who is never at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly at a colleague of mine who threw her resignation in his face. I found it difficult to
FACE when my supervisor, who is never
at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly at a colleague of mine who had thrown her resignation in his face. 10
Traveller 5. Samantha has been very happy ever since she got a place on that graduate training scheme. Samantha
CLOUD
ever since she got a place on that graduate
training scheme. 6. Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt really uncomfortable and out of place at her family get-together. FISH Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt
at her
family get-together.
SCORE
12
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
disarm disorientate
orbit refrain
deport lurch
inter reserve
1. It is said that when the great queen died she was
along with her favourite jewellery.
2. After bumping his head, Andrew became terribly
and found it difficult to find his way back
to the camp. 3. J ack found himself overpowered when he attempted to single-handedly
the burglars he saw
breaking into his neighbour’s house. 4. My husband had
a luxurious suite with a balcony overlooking the sea for our silver wedding
anniversary. 5. I would appreciate it if you would
from smoking in my presence as I have an allergy to
cigarette smoke. 6. The ring particles that 7. The passengers all
around Saturn are made up almost entirely of water ice. forward when the bus driver suddenly slammed on the brakes.
8. Until the necessary arrangements have been finalised, the illegal immigrants who are to be are being kept at removal centres.
SCORE
8
D. Complete the sentences below by using prepositions to complete the prepositional phrases. 1. I work
walking distance from my house so I save a heap on daily transportation expenses.
2. This quaint little village is quite literally
the middle of nowhere, so make sure you take plenty of supplies
with you. 3. Living
the outer suburbs means I get the best of both worlds because I can enjoy the wide open spaces but
still live close enough to commute to the city centre on a daily basis. 5. I love visiting my grandmother who lives in a picturesque, little cottage situated 6. J ust
the beaten track. the outskirts of town.
the coast of the peninsula one could see the battered bow of what had once been a majestic ship jutting
out of the water. 7.
my way to work yesterday I bumped into an old friend of mine, whom I hadn’t seen since graduating from
college five years ago. 8. Legend has it that he buried the treasure
the foot of a mountain under a crooked, little olive tree.
SCORE
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4. Make sure that you are in top form before going on a bicycle vacation that takes you
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Traveller
2. grammar A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. When I was young my grandfather a. was spending
a lot of time with me and he often took me fishing at the weekend.
b. had spent
c. would spend
d. did spend
2. I was about to start cooking but then the phone rang and I spent the next forty minutes telling Sally about the splendid wedding reception I
the night before.
a. was attending 3. The friend to
b. had attended
d. did attend
I entrusted my secret betrayed my confidence by telling everyone what I had told her.
a. whom 4. My husband
c. was going to attend
b. who
c. that
d. which
so bad tempered but now he tends to fly off the handle about small and seemingly insignificant
things. a. was not used to being b. had never been 5. The hotel at
b. which
c. that
d. whom
depictions of still life, contained allegorical symbolism.
a. most of them were 7. Last night, I
d. never used to be
we stayed is considered to be one of the most luxurious in the vicinity.
a. where 6. T he paintings,
c. didn’t used to be
b. they were mostly
c. most of which were
d. the most were
ready to go to bed when, suddenly, I heard a noise coming from the basement.
a. got
b. had got
8. We decided to take a break because we
c. was getting
d. had been getting
non-stop for more than six hours and we were having difficulty
concentrating on the task. a. had been working
b. were working
c. had worked
d. worked
SCORE
8
B. Rewrite the sentences using a participle clause. 1. I didn’t have her telephone number so I was unable to call her to invite her over. 2. The politician was in a state of shock after seeing the election results and he refused to make any comment.
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3. I was ready to leave once I had finished my work.
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4. The location of the hotel on a beautiful beach makes it a perfect holiday choice.
SCORE
8
3. READING Read the text and decide if the statements 1-8 that follow are True, False or Not Mentioned.
Traveller
With climate change and pollution wreaking havoc on our fragile environment, individuals and businesses alike have been forced to change their behaviour and adopt new practices in an attempt to preserve our natural heritage. ‘Green’ is, evidently, the new buzzword – from hybrid cars to eco-friendly weddings, this new wave of environmental consciousness has impacted virtually every sphere of our lives. And nowhere is this shift in attitude more apparent than in the travel industry, where ecotourism has become the fashionable choice for the eco-conscious traveller.
Back
to basics
The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as ‘responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people’. Essentially, ecotourism involves travelling to unspoiled areas where protected plant and animal species thrive. For the ecotourist, the benefits of such travel are numerous, and include: observing (often endangered) flora and fauna; engaging with locals and learning about local culture, and even offering one’s services as a volunteer. Many countries have developed ecotourism projects that rely heavily on volunteer participation, these include: leopard monitoring and research projects in Sri Lanka; reforestation programmes in Ecuador and the various elephant protection projects in Botswana. Ecotourism, when properly managed, enriches and empowers local communities. The money generated by ecotourism is channelled into the maintenance and development of local infrastructure and is also used to fund conservation initiatives. Ecotourism also creates jobs for locals. In some developing countries, such as Costa Rica, Nepal, Kenya and Ecuador, ecotourism is a thriving industry, and accounts for a large portion of the gross domestic product. Ecotourism is low-impact, meaning that damage caused to the environment is minimal when compared with regular travel. Certain basic guidelines must be adhered to, for example, tourists are encouraged to explore their surrounds by foot, rather than by car. As a general rule, ecotourists opt for accommodation that makes use of alternative energy sources and they are careful not to waste water and other valuable resources. Tourists are expected to support local industries by purchasing local produce instead of imported goods, and are also required to show respect for local traditions and customs. Successful ecotourism projects have been launched in a number of countries. In Kenya, for example, the Samburu people have turned more than a million acres of previously overgrazed land into a biodiversity conservation zone. Tourists are guided through the area by Samburu tribal warriors, and are afforded the rare opportunity to observe endangered African animals, such as Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe, in their natural habitat.
Though many ecotourism projects have served to benefit local communities and preserve plant and animal species, some ecotourism initiatives do not meet the basic ecotourism requirements. In an attempt to capitalise on the increasing popularity of ‘green travel’, some countries have instituted controversial ecotourism projects that have violated the rights of the locals and significantly harmed the environment. In these instances, people living in natural areas have been forced to leave their homes without compensation, which has led to clashes over land rights. Attempts have been made to regulate ecotourism, but, until comprehensive legislation is passed, travellers would be wise to research ecotourism projects carefully and ensure that they give their time and money to legitimate initiatives.
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Another notable ecotourism destination is the island of Borneo. Rich in flora and fauna, this island has much to offer the intrepid ecotourist, from rainforests and wetlands to mountain climbing excursions and botanical tours. Borneo is also home to the Sepilok Rehabilitation Centre, which was founded in 1964 to provide medical care for orphaned orang-utans. The Sukau Rainforest Lodge, situated on the banks of the Kinabatangan River, is a firm tourist favourite – this award-winning eco-lodge is built on stilts and runs entirely on rainwater and solar power.
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Traveller 1. According to the writer, all aspects of modern life have been affected by the new eco-friendly trend. 2. Ecotourism has more benefits for ecotourists than for the local people. 3. Kenya is mentioned as an example of a country in which ecotourism has contributed to the strengthening of the economy. 4. Ecotourists are expected to support local communities by staying in locally owned accommodation. 5. The natural habitat of Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe in Kenya extends throughout an area of over a million acres. 6. The Sakau Rainforest Lodge is a popular eco-friendly hotel in Borneo. 7. In some countries, ecotourism has led to conflict over land ownership and the exploitation of local people. 8. Ecotourism is a carefully regulated practice.
SCORE
16
4. listening You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (a, b or c) which fits best according to what you hear. Extract 1 Extract 3 You hear a woman talking to a colleague about her recent trip to Sweden.
You hear a radio talk-show host interviewing a woman who works in the Amazon rainforest.
1. The Ice Hotel a. is redesigned in the spring. b. is constructed every winter. c. is torn down each November.
5. The radio talk show is about a. unusual job locations. b. unusual jobs. c. unusual travel destinations.
2. The man asked the woman if she’d taken photos of the hotel because a. she is an avid photographer. b. he wanted to see it. c. it will eventually disappear.
6. The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel is built on stilts because a. the indigenous peoples asked the architects to build it that way. b. the architects felt compelled to protect the rainforest ecosystem. c. the views are much better from above.
Extract 2
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You hear an advertisement promoting a competition to win a holiday at an unusual hotel.
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3. To visit the Jules Undersea Lodge one must a. be a certified diver. b. take a three-hour diving course. c. know how to dive. 4. To win a stay at the Jules Undersea Lodge, listeners must a. subscribe to Travel Now magazine. b. call the hotel for competition details. c. purchase the latest copy of Travel Now.
SCORE
12
TOTAL SCORE
80
Test 3 Module 3
Traveller
1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the word that best completes the sentence. 1. Marsupials / Amphibians are a group of mammals that give birth to young that are premature and must spend time in a special pouch to develop. 2. The amplitude / magnitude of the earthquake that struck just south of the U.S - Mexico border on the 4th of April was 7.2 degrees on the Richter scale. 3. Although it had been unbearably hot throughout the day, the light blizzard / breeze that set in after sunset made it possible for us to get a good night’s sleep. 4. Knowing full well that their loved ones would have alerted the authorities of their disappearance, the hikers waited patiently at the mouth / foot of the cave. 5. Renowned economists have openly stated that they do not expect a(n) upturn / turnout in the economy until the end of the year. 6. Rescue efforts / Emergency drills need to be carried out on a regular basis to ensure that all those living in close proximity to the volcano know what to do if it erupts. 7. The two satellites / meteors that orbit Mars were discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877. 8. All members of the board were in agreement that handouts / cutbacks would have to be made in overseas investments.
SCORE
8
B. Match the two halves of the sentences. 1. The wind of change in global climate policies first blew 2. Students from the Royal Arts and Crafts Institute found themselves in the spotlight yesterday 3. If we are to successfully weather the storm, we will have to pool our technological resources 4. Scientists seem to be in a fog as to 5. The representative of the environmental group hit the nail on the head 6. The director of the company hit the roof 7. Being the only environmental activist in the group I found myself swimming against the tide 8. The conservation efforts that are being made are just a drop in the ocean compared to
a. when he said that environmental policies will have to be more aggressive to make a difference. b. to combat global climate change as quickly and efficiently as we can. c. with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in Japan in 1997. Copyright © MM Publications
d. when he found out that valuable financial resources were being squandered on projects with a low profit margin. e. what is needed to curb the unscrupulous squandering of natural resources. f. how to deal with the unprecedented rate of environmental degradation. g. when I mentioned that households should be charged depending on how much waste they generate. h. when they presented a sculpture that depicts the plight of Mother Nature.
SCORE
8 15
Traveller
C. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
dormant
active
aftershocks
magma
rupture
vibrations
crater
fault
1. tremors that occur after the main earthquake which are usually of a smaller scale 2. a large crack in the ground below the surface
3. being inactive for a long period between eruptions
4. shaking experienced during an earthquake
5. having recently erupted or likely to erupt in the immediate future
6. a gap that has opened up during an earthquake
7. a sunken area that looks like a big hole
8. molten rock under the Earth’s surface (called lava when it is ejected)
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8
D. Complete the sentences with the correct word in the box.
ozone
non-renewable
carbon
resource
geothermal power
recycling
1. Fossil fuels are a source of energy because they take millions of years to form. 2. plants utilise the heat stored in the Earth to generate electricity both sustainably and cost-effectively. 3. We are faced with an unprecedented rate of depletion because we are using up reserves faster than they can be replenished. 4. In a bid to reduce their footprint, residents of this community have decided to use bicycles as their primary means of transport. 5. depletion results in more ultraviolet light from the sun reaching the Earth, which disrupts the food chain by changing the life cycles of plants. 6. All local residents need to do is put all recyclable items into one bin because the new plant mechanically separates materials using highly engineered systems. 6 SCORE
2. grammar A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. My supervisor
very pleased about the fact that we will not be able to meet the deadline.
a. couldn’t be
b. mustn’t be
2. By the end of the year, I a. will have to work
c. shouldn’t have been
d. can’t be
for this company for longer than I care to remember. b. will be working
3. It is said that at that time valuable artifacts
c. will have been working d. will work by him on the black market for more than one hundred thousand
euros a piece. a. were selling
b. had been selling
c. were being sold
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4. If you want to speak to Kathy, you will have to hurry because she’s just a. about leaving
b. about to leave
c. to leave
5. I was hoping to go to the theatre but it’s too late now, the performance a. will have
b. shall have
6. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting but my mother a. made me 7. Beth
b. had me
c. will be
d. had sold . d. to be leaving started by now. d. is going to be
to run some errands for her. c. got me
d. put me
all night working on her assignment as the tutor was absent the next day and an extension was given.
a. needn’t have stayed up b. shouldn’t have stayed up c. shouldn’t be staying up d. didn’t have to stay up 16
8. The monthly instalment
at the end of the month without delay or else your car will be
confiscated. a. is to be paid
b. is being paid
9. The walls of the office were filled a. in
b. of
10. Despite his lack of experience, he
c. is to be paying
Traveller
d. being paid
valuable paintings by celebrated artists. c. with
d. by
get the job done without delay and managed to save the company a lot of
money.
a. could
b. couldn’t
c. was able to
d. wasn’t able to
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10
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1. I am pretty sure that they are presently renovating that hotel because I saw them delivering truck-loads of new furniture just yesterday. BE It was just yesterday that I saw truck-loads of new furniture being delivered so they that hotel. 2. Most people suspect that he was embezzling large sums of money while serving in the Ministry of Education. HAVE He
large sums of money while
serving in the Ministry of Education. 3. John will have to have a look at my car because it’s been playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and leaving me stranded. LOOKED I
by John because it’s been
playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and leaving me stranded. 4. It is possible that various conservation groups will deal with the severity of the situation by combining forces. MAY It is by combining forces that the by conservation groups. 5. It is believed that his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes has defused a potentially volatile situation. BEEN A potentially volatile situation by his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes. 6. Buying such an expensive present for your boss’s wife was completely unnecessary. HAVE You
such an expensive present
for your boss’s wife. WE Fortunately,
before we moved
into our new home. 8. Ted and Sally got married 25 years ago and next Thursday is their wedding anniversary. WILL By next Thursday Ted and Sally 25 years.
SCORE
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7. Fortunately, the central heating system had been tested by an expert before we moved into our new home.
16 17
3. READING
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Seven paragraphs have been removed from the text below. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap in the text. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
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Traveller
Rich in marine life and bursting with kaleidoscopic colour, coral reefs are one of the finest examples of nature’s bounty. They’ve often been described as the ‘rainforests of the sea’, and with good reason: coral reefs are the key components of some of the most complex and diverse ecosystems in nature. In fact, about 25 per cent of all marine creatures, including fish, molluscs and sponges, either depend on coral reefs for food or use them as spawning grounds. 1 Coral reefs are made up of colonies of tiny creatures called coral polyps. The polyps absorb calcium from the sea and use it to produce a limestone exoskeleton that expands as the creatures grow. Polyps feed on the larvae of shellfish, but they also need algae to thrive. Polyps enjoy a symbiotic relationship with algae – the algae live in the polyps’ tissues and provide them with nutrients; they also produce chemicals that help the polyps secrete their exoskeletons. 2 Ocean acidification is another reason why coral reefs are under threat. This occurs when excessive amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (one of the causes of global warming), are absorbed by the ocean. The result is that sea water becomes more acidic, thus compromising the polyps’ ability to secrete their exoskeletons. If global warming continues unabated, it’s likely that all corals could become extinct within the next 100 years. 3 Destructive fishing practices are one of the main reasons why the reefs of Southeast Asia are the most threatened in the world. Fishermen in countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines routinely use explosives or sticks of dynamite to kill fish, often causing irreparable damage to coral reefs in the process. 4 Another problematic form of land-based pollution is agricultural runoff. This is water that flows from farms through river systems and into the ocean, and it often contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphates. Increased nitrogen levels in sea water cause an overgrowth of algae; as a result, the corals are deprived of sunlight and eventually die. High levels of phosphates can also kill coral by impeding the growth of the coral polyps’ exoskeletons. 5 Many nations rely heavily on coral reefs for their livelihoods and food supply. The coral reef fisheries of Southeast Asia, for example, enjoy profits of about 2.4 billion dollars a year. In developing countries, roughly 25 per cent of potential fish harvests come from coral reefs. Fisheries worldwide employ about 38 million people, while another 162 million people are indirectly involved in the fishing industry. Should coral reefs continue to die out, the economic impact would be devastating, and many people would have to turn to alternative food sources to supplement their diets and their incomes. 6 And it’s not just the fishing and tourism industries that need coral reefs to thrive; coral reefs are also indispensable to the pharmaceutical industry. Research has shown that some of the organisms that live on coral reefs, such as sponges and seaweed, produce chemicals that have antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. These chemicals are the main ingredients of new medicines that are being formulated to treat a range of diseases and viruses. Thus, the degradation of coral reefs could have serious implications for the future of medicine. 7 One way they are doing this is by applying low voltage electrical currents through seawater to crystallise dissolved minerals onto steel structures. When this is done a white carbonate is produced which is the same mineral that natural coral reefs consist of. These steel structures are then colonized by corals at a very quick pace. We can only hope that these and other efforts are enough to preserve our coral reefs for generations to come.
Traveller A. Though the situation seems dire, steps have been taken to try to protect and sustain our remaining coral reefs. Some of the reefs in the Philippines, for example, have been declared ‘no-go’ areas to protect them from overfishing. Also, some attempts have been made by conservationists to restore coral reefs. B. Coral mining is another issue that is of great concern to coral reef conservationists. Coral mining involves the removal of large chunks of coral from reefs, usually for building purposes. The coral is then crushed and mixed with other materials to make bricks or cement. In the Maldives, for example, building materials are quite scarce and corals are the mainstay of the construction industry. The high demand for coral in the Maldives could potentially wipe out many of the coral reefs in the country. C. Aside from global warming and overfishing, one of the biggest contributing factors to the decline of coral reefs is pollution. Because of rapid development in coastal areas, increased amounts of industrial waste, sewage, oil and pesticides are now being disposed of in the ocean. These toxins are harmful to the reefs, and pesticides in particular have been proven to interfere with coral reproduction and growth. D. The decline of coral reefs will also impact the tourism industry. Half the gross national product of many Caribbean countries is derived from tourists flocking to their beaches and reefs. The Maldives and the Seychelles depend on coral reef tourism for a significant portion of their foreign income, and in Florida, USA, reef tourism is a billion-dollar industry. E. Coral reefs flourish in warm, tropical seas, but polyps are extremely sensitive to increases in water temperature.
Global warming has caused the surface water of the ocean to become warmer and the polyps react to this rise in temperature by expelling the algae that they depend on for food. This process is called ‘blanching’: once the polyps have released the algae, they turn white and starve to death. F. Of course, it’s not just land-based pollution that has impacted coral reefs. Marine debris (including plastic, glass and discarded fishing nets that are simply tossed into the ocean), has also caused significant damage to coral reefs. Floating debris, from plastic packets to bottles, can smother coral reef organisms or break down the coral structure entirely. G. It would be difficult to imagine a world without coral reefs, but, according to a recent global study, this alarming prospect could easily become a reality. The study found that a third of all coral reefs are facing extinction, primarily as a result of global warming, overfishing and pollution. The loss of coral reefs could have a potentially devastating impact on tourism and the fishing industry, and on the economies of countries that rely on coral reefs for their livelihoods. But what are coral reefs and how do they develop? H. According to estimates, 19 per cent of the world’s coral reefs have already died, including 50 per cent of the reefs in the Caribbean. This is in no small part due to the scourge of overfishing and the adoption of destructive fishing practices, such as dynamite fishing. In parts of the Caribbean, overfishing has wiped out virtually all the herbivorous fish that feed on the algae and seaweed that live on coral reefs. In the absence of herbivorous fish, algae and seaweed grow at a rapid rate and eventually kill the coral.
4. listening
SCORE
14
You will hear a radio interview with a spokesman from a dolphin conservation organisation. The primary topic of conversation is how dolphins are affected by their encounters with humans. For questions 1-5 choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear.
2. In addition to being a pleasurable pastime, swimming with dolphins a. can stimulate people to be more sociable. b. can interfere with one’s brain function. c. can have a therapeutic effect on some afflictions. d. can make one more energetic. 3. Rupert believes that if people were more informed about dolphins, a. they would try harder to save them from extinction. b. more people would want to swim with them. c. they would gain greater insight on human-animal communication. d. they could understand the behavioural patterns of other mammals.
4. How does Rupert Clarkson feel about people swimming with dolphins? a. He is in favour of it. b. He has some reservations about it. c. He believes it should not be allowed. d. He suggests that it could be potentially dangerous for humans. 5. Dolphin-human interaction can affect a dolphin’s a. ability to take care of its young. b. ability to breathe. c. sociable mood. d. eagerness to communicate with humans.
SCORE
10
TOTAL SCORE
80
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1. According to Rupert Clarkson, a. it appears that there is a special bond between humans and dolphins. b. humans falsely believe that dolphins are playful and friendly. c. dolphins enjoy interacting with humans. d. because of their intelligence, dolphins appreciate interacting with humans.
19
Traveller
MID-TERM TEST 1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. 1. Despite being the boss’ nephew, his a. commission b. incompetence 2. Some lecturers are incredibly a. monotonous b. simulating 3. Did you know that they’ve a. done b. bid
led to his dismissal. c. flexibility
d. premonition
while others send you to sleep. c. simultaneous d. stimulating away with plastic shopping bags at the local supermarket? c. come d. broken
4. John bought a new laptop and is paying for it in monthly a. deposits b. instalments c. endeavours
. d. statements
5. My cousin Mark let my pet parrot out of its cage and told me he had a. liberated b. incarcerated c. imprisoned 6. Many universities now want to know what a. vocational b. corporal
it. d. restrained
activities applicants have taken part in. c. extracurricular d. maintenance
7. Steve was given several for unruly behaviour and finally was expelled from school. a. assessments b. instructions c. suspensions d. grants 8. Today it is actually quite common for women to have to pay a. income b. earnings c. compensation 9. There’s a € 100 a. fine
after a divorce. d. alimony
for not wearing a helmet while riding a bike. b. punishment c. mortgage d. allowance
10. After winning the lottery, she took her friends on a spending a. rip-off b. spree c. rubble 11. When the guards are a. on
b. of
. d. hop
duty, they aren’t allowed to speak to passersby. c. in d. at
12. Emily’s teachers congratulated her on being accepted to one of the most universities in the country. a. rural b. enticing c. prestigious d. effervescent 13. My grandmother women who don’t know how to cook and the fact that I can’t even boil an egg is a source of embarrassment to her. a. frowns upon b. gives vent to c. squints at d. plays down 14. The pilot informed the passengers that he didn’t expect that they would encounter any a. exposure b. turbulence c. diversity d. opulence
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15. This lizard can change its colour so that it a. sways b. blends
20
16. We sat a. lurching
.
in with its surroundings. c. roots d. weaves
at the sun as it set on the horizon. b. shifting c. glaring
d. gazing
17. At the farewell party, Graham finally . a. walked on air b. kept a straight face c. let his hair down
d. hit the roof
18. Try not to get on the wrong you. a. end b. side
d. mind
of Mrs Brown because she will make life in the neighbourhood very difficult for c. part
SCORE
18
Traveller B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals. 1. Even though they are terribly
staff
, they refuse to hire more people.
2. This film is
exception
; a masterpiece I would say.
3. His
foresee
enabled him to amass a fortune.
4. He was sentenced to 15 years for bribery and 5. The
corrupt
.
excess
consumption of coffee can cause sleep disturbances.
6. The passengers were
heart
to hear that their flight would be further
delayed. 7. Her unruly behaviour led to her 8. The
expel
from school.
recreation
facilities need to be improved if we want the hotel to
make a profit this year.
SCORE
8
2. Grammar A. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. 1. ‘Matt, you look worried. What’s happened?’ ‘ the news about the earthquake.’ a. I’ve just heard b. I’ve just been hearing
c. I’m just hearing
d. I just hear
2. I really a. am loving
c. have been loving
d. love
what I went through, you would be more sympathetic. b. know c. would know
d. have known
4. They English for more than five years and can speak quite fluently. a. have learnt b. have been learning c. learn
d. are learning
5. Ted has a busy schedule but makes sure he favourite restaurant. a. has seen b. sees
d. is seeing
his friends every Thursday evening when they meet at their c. has been seeing
6. I think all the grammar tasks on the test were difficult, but the a. harder b. hardest
ones were the sentence transformations. c. more hard d. hardier
7. He has lots of cars, most of a. them
are antiques. b. whom
c. whose
d. which
8. Would you say that rock is a. far
popular than jazz? b. too
c. a lot
d. more
9. Ken looks amazing! He a. can’t be
working out! b. should be
c. must be
d. needs to be
10. Elaine had a bad cold for several weeks but is feeling a. much b. more
better now. c. enough
d. too
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3. If you a. knew
reading poetry. b. have loved
21
Traveller 11. Hey, Catherine, what a. had you ended up
doing last weekend? b. had you been ending up
c. were you ending up
d. did you end up
12. escaped from prison and spent the remainder of his life somewhere in Africa. a. He is believed that he b. He is believed to be c. It is believed to be
d. It is believed that he
13. We’re getting new tiles a. installed
d. install
in our bathroom next weekend. b. to be installed c. installing
14. We for hours and hours when we had final exams. a. had been studying b. used to study
c. would have studied
d. had studied
15. If you play with matches, you . a. would get burnt b. burnt
c. burn
d. will get burnt
16. If you , you might get into trouble. a. don’t behave b. behave
c. won’t behave
d. will behave
17. The police are looking for a man a. goes b. gone
by the name of ‘Snake’. c. going
d. is going
18. You me a new set of keys as I found my old set under the bed. a. mustn’t have made b. can’t have made c. might not have made
d. needn’t have made 18
SCORE
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given. would
1. When he was younger, he was in the habit of going on long walks in the countryside. When he was younger,
in the countryside.
2. You are always going to be paying lots of money for repairs if you do not get rid of that old car of yours. You are always going to be
forking
you get rid of that old car of yours. faster
3. Let’s get down to work because as soon as we finish this we can all go home. Let’s get down to work because
we can all go home. going
4. We had planned to make spaghetti, but then Dad came home with pizza. We
, but then Dad came home with pizza. sack
5. I’m sure John wasn’t fired because he works harder than anyone else in the office.
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John
22
because he works harder than anyone else in the office.
6. Experts believe the amount of food and money being given to poor countries is not sufficient compared to the amount drop
that is actually needed. The amount of food and money being given to poor countries ocean compared to the amount that is actually needed.
SCORE
12
3. reading
Traveller
Read the text and answer the questions 1-7. Choose a, b, c or d.
New Ideas On A Proper Education With ever-increasing problems in schools nowadays, a lot of parents are considering alternative ways of educating their offspring. Homeschooling has become a way for parents to protect their children from peer pressure, bullying and other forms of juvenile delinquency. It’s not as easy at it sounds, though, as parents have to be aware of all the responsibilities of homeschooling. Simultaneously, children need to be familiar with technology and be able to use a computer and any other gadgets which may facilitate their learning. Skeptics have often remarked on the pitfalls of such programmes. Primarily, one can’t help but wonder about the focus of the child and his/her grasp of reality; what connection does such a child form and develop with society and the rest of the outside world when it is stuck at home in front of a computer screen? Others question whether children can learn to be objective if they are not exposed to views and opinions of different people. Some wonder whether homeschooling may encourage further isolation.
Studies have shown that homeschooled children actually do better than their traditionally-schooled peers. In fact, they actually take the lead by 30 – 37 percentile points. In studies from as early as 1975, certain researchers actually recommended that children be kept away from the traditional school until at least the ages of 8-10 as the child goes through enormous upheaval when changing his/her environment for that of the school’s – a change they could better deal with around their ninth year. They also claim that the traditional schooling system does not encourage socialisation but, rather, peer dependence and it crushes a child’s self-esteem, originality of thought and optimism.
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Changes within society have already led to the confinement of children in their homes anyway. Where once children would play outside all afternoon, now they sit at a desk doing their homework. Their playtime continues indoors where they will typically be playing on their computer, a Nintendo or Playstation or just watching television. If one has no siblings, the whole idea of socialisation is left to the school and parents. Nevertheless, many people feel the advantages of homeschooling outweigh the disadvantages. Some parents have said that this way of teaching has given them the opportunity to focus more on the development of the moral character of their child. They also claim that because the teaching is on a one-to-one basis, the education is as good as that provided by private schools. At the same time it successfully distances their child from the less desirable elements of the formal education system: poor facilities, lack of materials and the resulting lack of school spirit.
23
Traveller It remains debatable how practical homeschooling is; with working mothers and single-parent families trying to make ends meet, it’s difficult to envision a society where parents could take on such responsibilities. For those not in a difficult financial situation, it is obviously worth discussing. Well-adjusted, financially fortunate parents could indeed seize such an opportunity. Just the thought of protecting your child from discrimination, bullying and peer pressure is tempting. However, how can the state ensure that a child is properly educated, were this practice to become widespread? Concern over falling test scores definitely calls into question the value of traditional schooling methods. On the other hand, homeschooling has been linked with anti-social behaviour. It seems the government must take a better look at the education system and take measures to deal with any shortcomings.
1. What is the main objection to homeschooling? a. the expense b. the suitability of the learning environment c. the quality of teaching d. the isolation of the child 2. Nowadays, children are…. a. spending most of their time indoors. b. playing more Nintendo than Playstation. c. only socialising with siblings. d. spending more time watching television. 3. What do many parents consider to be a significant advantage of homeschooling? a. the better facilities provided b. the individual attention children receive c. children avoid travelling long distances d. children avoid undesirable company 4. Who score better according to research carried out? a. private school children b. state school children c. homeschooled children d. no relevant statistics are available
5. It is recommended that children not start school until 8-10 a. as they cannot appreciate the school environment. b. as they do not need to socialise until later. c. in order to encourage socialisation. d. as they would have developed skills to handle the change. 6. What is a main concern for the writer as regards home schooling? a. the economic practicalities b. the intellectual abilities of parents c. the social abilities of parents d. the smaller class sizes 7. The writer recommends a. taking a better look at homeschooling. b. a combination of homeschooling and traditional schooling. c. improvements to the education system. d. taking measures to deal with falling test scores.
Copyright © MM Publications
SCORE
24
14
Traveller 4. Listening You will hear an interview with Mary Sue Martin talking about her tour operating company. For questions 1-5, choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear. 1. What does Mary Sue say about her job? a. She enjoys travelling with all expenses covered. b. Writing up reports doesn’t let her notice her surroundings. c. It’s a dream come true. d. It’s not as enjoyable as it seems. 2. What is true about holiday hot spots according to Mary Sue? a. They go in and out of fashion. b. Most hot spots remain popular in any season. c. There don’t seem to be any all-time favourites. d. They attract trendy people. 3. Where did the interviewer say he went on holiday the previous year? a. to a location off the beaten track b. to Vietnam c. to Spain d. to Greece and Spain 4. What kind of clients does Mary Sue’s company attract? a. people who like luxurious hotels b. people who want to avoid busy, crowded places c. people who are willing to spend a lot of money d. people who won’t sacrifice their comfort 5. What does Mary Sue say about booking holidays? a. It is best to book through a travel agent. b. Some local travel agents don’t accept credit cards. c. Booking online is convenient. d. Young people prefer booking online.
SCORE
10
5. writing
Write your article in 250 - 300 words.
SCORE
20
TOTAL SCORE
100
Copyright © MM Publications
An international magazine is inviting readers to contribute to a series of articles about celebrations in their country. Describe a celebration that is important in your country, explaining what its importance is and how it makes you feel.
25
Traveller
Test 4 Module 4 1. VOCABULARY
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence. 1. While hiking through the dense Amazon forest, I was bitten by a poisonous snake but luckily our guide had the so I was back on my feet in no time. a. antidote
b. medicine
2. Having lost a lot of blood he a. packed up
d. cure
and regained consciousness only hours later in the Intensive Care Unit.
b. went off
3. Mike’s so bossy! He’s always a. sprinting
c. remedy c. passed out
d. knocked out
around giving everyone orders.
b. limping
c. skipping
d. strutting
4. I was so exhausted after spending the whole day giving my cousins from abroad a guided tour of the sights in the city that I slept like a(n) a. baby
. b. log
c. pigeon
d. ape
5. A special committee has been set up to watch athletes suspected of using performance enhancers like a(n) a. hawk
b. bird
c. eagle
6. I t is essential to have a routine checkup because an early
.
d. pigeon of a life-threatening disease can go a long way in
assisting in its cure. a. prognosis
b. analysis
c. diagnosis
d. prescription
7. The minute Jodie entered the sports hall I waved to grab her attention and a. patted
b. beckoned
c. grabbed
her over. d. nudged
8. When travelling abroad, it is a good idea to have a backup plan because things don’t always go like a. wildfire 9.
b. the plague
c. clockwork
.
d. wind
can be caused by eating too much or too fast.
a. Dehydration
b. Indigestion
c. Congestion
10. A lthough the players did their best, our team didn’t manage to a. classify
b. qualify
c. intensify
d. Laceration for the finals of the World Cup. d. testify
SCORE
10
B. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 1. Bad eating habits tend to alleviate / aggravate feelings of exhaustion and irritability. 2. To prevent dehydration / indigestion you need to increase your intake of fluids when working out. 3. A local anaesthetic is used for the extraction of one’s wisdom teeth but mine were so well rooted that I had to be put
Copyright © MM Publications
under / passed out. 4. It took me a while to deteriorate / recuperate after contracting a mild strain of malaria while travelling in Africa. 5. I sprained / strained my eyes after working all night on my computer to finish an assignment of mine. 6. Given that I am a staunch / firm fan of Arsenal, I never miss their home matches. 7. He is a key player without whom my team could not possibly have achieved the landslide / avid victory it did yesterday. 8. After ranking number one for a record 237 weeks, Roger Federer, world-renowned tennis champion, finally met his league / match in August 2008. 26
SCORE
8
Traveller
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. inoculate qualify
saunter fracture
vomit intensify
classify fortify
1. I was really happy to hear that Ben
for the football team this year because he’s been training
very hard. 2. When I was five, I had to wear a sling for three weeks because I rolled off my bed in my sleep and my arm. 3. In bracing for the pandemic, the government decided that the young and frail were to be before the onset of winter. 4. While on holiday, I got a bad case of food poisoning and spent the better part of two days in my hotel room whatever contents were left in my stomach. 5. The general practitioner who examined my grandmother said that we would have to
her
immune system by giving her lots of fresh fruit and vegetables. 6. After enjoying a leisurely picnic on the banks of the river, the couple
through the forest
gathering pine cones. 7. I will have to
my training if I wish to participate in the Olympic Games next year.
8. According to this medical journal, migraines are
into seven subclasses.
SCORE
8
2. grammar A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. Having successfully carried out his duties he was given permission a. taking
b. to take
c. in taking
2. Under no circumstances do I support a. using
study leave. d. to have taken
plastic bags when more eco-friendly alternatives exist.
b. to use
c. use
d. the use
3. The company may be receiving a lot of bad publicity at the moment but I do not intend a. submit
b. to submit
c. submitting
my resignation.
d. to submitting
4. My husband used to be an FBI agent, but even when he retired, he refused
information which was strictly
confidential. b. having divulged
c. to divulge
d. to have divulged
5. I am not so ambitious as to be interested in pursuing a career which would involve me a. work
b. to work
c. working
6. Given that I need some time to regain my strength, I would prefer a. not go 7. There’s no point a. to try
b. not going
b. to trying
b. you haven’t
9. The basketball players promised a. to do
d. in working on a working holiday this year. d. not to go
to get an extension because the tutor will not give you one.
8. Can you please explain to me why a. haven’t you
c. not be going
long hours.
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a. divulging
b. doing
c. trying
d. on trying
mentioned that before? c. hadn’t you
d. wasn’t
their best to win next Saturday’s game. c. they do
d. they could do
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9 27
Traveller
B. Rewrite the sentences below using the beginnings given. Use the introductory verbs in the box. promise
beg
apologise
suggest
congratulate
1. ‘Please, please, don’t tell my mother that I’ve been skipping classes’, the boy said to me. The boy
.
2. ‘Well done! Your performance was spectacular and deserves a standing ovation’, Mary said to us. Mary
.
3. ‘How about going on a skiing trip next weekend?’ my friend asked me. My friend
.
4. ‘I will never spend such a huge sum of money without asking you first’, said my wife. My wife
.
5. ‘I’m sorry I forgot to inform you about the important meeting regarding your proposed business trip abroad,’ my personal assistant said. My personal assistant
.
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10
C. Complete the sentences using the correct infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets. 1. I consider
(lie) to your parents about your whereabouts to be not only terribly irresponsible
of you but also morally wrong. 2. You were
(replace) Andy as a guest speaker at the conference but your services will no longer
be required. 3. He tried hard
(clinch) the deal but it fell through and he was forced to come home empty
handed. 4. Having told so many lies she was not in a position (remember)
what she had said to her
colleagues at work. 5. She was right
(take up) the job offer because an opportunity such as this only arises once in
a lifetime. 6. H er father regretted
(tell) her about the savings account he had opened for her when she was
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a baby because she kept on nagging him to give her the money.
28
7. S he was used to
(train) six hours and never complained about all she had to be deprived of in
order to become a swimming champion. 8. Although Albert Einstein is believed
(have) early speech difficulties, he was a top student in
primary school.
SCORE
8
3. READING Read the texts A-E and answer the questions 1-15 by writing the correct letter A-E in the boxes. Who would recommend their diet to other people? Who has been on numerous diets in the past? Who started their diet without planning to lose any weight? Who feels let down by the effectiveness of their diet so far? Who is no longer on a diet?
My Diet
1 2 3 4 5
Traveller
Who had medical advice to start dieting? Who says their diet has attracted some negative publicity? 8 Who have failed to lose any weight? Who mentions an advantage and a drawback of the diet they follow? Who has started to take more exercise? Who has a particular date by which to finish their diet? Who have to calculate how much energy is in 13 their food? Who replaces some meals with liquids?
6 7 9 10 11 12 14 15
a. Jane
t to turn over a t I really did wan bu , hé ic on eating cl a of t ow it’s a bi crazy one based a kn e I ud n. cl tio ex lu u so yo ell swear it is if as a new year’s re and Geri Halliw rst diet, at least er fi eg y lw m el as Z w e s I started my diet en hi R T e . es lik so it was ve a new lifestyle t when celebriti diet, I realised al Bu a r s. fo tie e en tim new leaf and ha tw as rly w t, and ed it I tried in my ea t you want to ea it, when I realis ha on w le is t tic ea ar u pineapples which an yo s ha ive side, er ything other magazine are on the expens Atkins is that ev us t en ou m ab d g te by it, and ever y in es th gg t which is their su ins diet. The grea e lost 5 pounds, e is that most of I’v id d ns an w , do w time for an Atk e no th s ; th hing tastes good e diet for 3 mon therefore ever yt r. I’ve been on th te bs lo e lik s od e fo still going. since they includ but at least I’m g, in nt oi pp sa di frankly
b. Emily
I’m getting married next month, and so three months ago I decided I would try to look a bit sleeker for my big day. In order to give me an extra bit of incentive, I ordered my weddin g dress two sizes too small, which left me with 8cm to lose around my waist. But I think the extra pressur e will give me a shove in the right direction, even if my doctor warned me that it might backfire. I chose to use the Weightwatchers diet, which involves counting the number of points in different types of food, where the points are linked to their calories. I’ve also manag ed to be more active – nothing particularly demanding, but I’m walking instead of catching the bus for short distances, and this way I’m able to increase my point allowance. It is a hassle, having to count the point value for everything I eat, but perhaps this allows me to work out whether I really want to eat the particular foodstu ff, or whether I’m merely satisfying a sudden craving which will pass in a minute or two. Anyway, whatever the reason, my waist is 2cm smaller than it was, which is better than nothing, although I don’t think I’m going to hit my target.
erns about eating meat, arians in Britain mostly because of health conc veget on milli three the of one me beco to I chose nuts, seeds, eggs, dairy l issues. My diet includes only cereal products, although I am also concerned about the mora of course as difficult as for not ugh altho y, al products can be trick anim some ing Avoid . ables veget and fruit and products in cheese making. from the stomach lining of cows, is often used vegans. Rennet, for example, which is extracted arianism I’ve actually veget to n ersio t, over the 10 months after my conv weigh lose to not was n vatio moti my ugh Altho fat intake has dropped, g any exercise, I guess it’s probably because my lost 7 or 8 pounds. Since I haven’t started takin and lamb dishes I used to pork beef, the of my diet have much less than core the itute const h whic ucts prod soya the since vegetarian plunge! so I wholeheartedly urge other people to take the and , good really g feelin I’m this, all of top eat. On
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c. Greg
29
d. Rob
Traveller
I’m a serial dieter. I’ve been overweight for years, and sin ce I’ve now passed 50 and 18 about my future. I decided stone, I’ve become seriously to start the Cambridge Die worried t, des pite it being so controversia modern version of the diet l, since I felt reassured that is not as risky as the origin the al ver sion of the 1970s and 80s. My breakfast and lunch, and the diet substitutes shakes in pla reby aims to keep the calori ce of es under a short rein. My target my weight undoubtedly con is 1,000 calories a day, which stitutes a crash diet. I take giv sup en plements of minerals, vitam of nutrients due to the severe ins and fatty acids to reduce calorie restriction, but these the los s hardly fill me up. I’ve been it has taken me a while to get on the diet for just a month used to it, and I know I hav now , and en’ t always kept within my cal surprised when I discovere orie count. That’s why I wa d at my last weighing that my sn’t too weight was exactly the sam that these things take time, e as when I started. But I kno and I’ll keep going. I feel I w by now have to.
e. Lily
had a penchant for junk food and chocolate. Over the years I’ve never really thought much about my food, and have always only recently, after I moved from a flat to a house, and the pounds have slowly accumulated, but things came to a head stairs. I thought there might be something wrong with me discovered I was getting short of breath whenever I climbed the . Thus I started my diet on doctor’s orders. I started reading medically, but my doctor told me it was straightforward obesity in fats and sugars, and so resolved to change it. But this I up on healthy eating, and realised my normal diet was too high I really tried hard but found that I was actually getting found was harder than I thought it would be, and for several weeks e defeat, but my doctor and friends said they thought I very stressed and putting on more weight. I didn’t want to conced es, and maybe have another go in the future. should take time off it for a while to relax and recharge my batteri 15
SCORE
4. listening
I. Y ou will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (a, b or c) which fits best according to what you hear. Extract 1 Extract 3 You will hear a writer talking about his new book on the 1960s.
You will hear a researcher talking about his experiments on the effects of exercising.
1. According to the speaker, people were less overweight in the 1960s because they a. ate healthier foods. b. went to the gym more often. c. led more active lives.
5. The US experiments showed that people a. tend to put on weight as they grow older. b. take more exercise in the US than the UK. c. must take exercise to lose weight.
2. Why does the speaker think that more people tried to lose weight in the 1960s? a. People were more aware of health risks. b. There was more social pressure to do so. c. The lifestyle was much more relaxed.
6. The researcher concludes that the UK government’s recommendations a. are different from the US government’s. b. should be changed. c. are not intended to help people to diet.
Extract 2
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You will hear an extract from a radio programme about chocolate.
30
3. According to the speaker, what has recently been discovered? a. Chocolate is not as fattening as was previously thought. b. Consuming chocolate lowers the chance of a heart attack. c. A new type of chocolate which is much healthier. 4. Why does the speaker urge caution about the health benefits of chocolate? a. Proper experiments have yet to confirm them. b. Only some types of chocolate have them. c. Chocolate also has health drawbacks.
SCORE
12
TOTAL SCORE
80
Traveller
Test 5 Module 5 1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence. 1. Commercials that target children are always accompanied by catchy
because it makes it easier for them to
remember the product or even the company selling it. a. spams
b. spots
c. jingles
2. It was clear to see that he had the
d. plugs
hand in the presidential elections as his agenda dealt with key issues that had
been creating widespread discontent. a. high
b. upper
3. What started out as a lucrative business
c. first
d. big
ended up as a bitter feud when differences of opinion occurred between
the two men regarding the utilisation of company funds. a. partnership
b. federation
c. organisation
d. consortium
4. The accountant told the businessman that if he wanted his business venture to thrive, he would have to increase his profit . a. border
b. perimeter
c. margin
d. boundary
5. In attempting to
my older brother, I often took up sports activities like martial arts that were not quite for me,
and at which I usually failed dismally to make any progress in. a. replicate 6. I
b. devise
c. substitute
d. emulate
a terrible blunder when I asked Jody how things were at work; you see she was given the sack about three
weeks ago and she’s been very depressed about it. a. took
b. made
7. It was the boy’s unbridled
c. had
d. created
that enabled him to come up with such an innovative solution to a problem with
seemingly no practical answer. a. spirit
b. thirst
c. imagination
8. Sam is terribly lazy and irresponsible; he’s always trying to a. chicken
b. weasel
d. potential out of his duties.
c. monkey
d. beaver
SCORE
8
B. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below. 1. Action needs to be taken to prevent unscrupulous businessmen from exploiting / manipulating children in a bid to profit from their labor. 2. Look out for the fairtrade logo / slogan that certifies that international fairtrade standards have been met in the production of the goods on which it is found. 3. T his small company has made / taken the lead in robotics and is making progress in leaps and bounds. 4. Scientists at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research are faced with the daunting / paramount task of recreating 5. The geothermal power plant in the Philippines generates / develops 18% of the country’s electricity. 6. CERN is the world’s largest fully functional / designed physics laboratory, whose main aim is to provide accelerators for research that requires a lot of energy. 7. Nostradamus is said to have predicted / forecast many major world events. 8. Although the fresh products / produce sold at the farmers’ market is cheaper than that sold at a greengrocer’s, it is not necessarily of the same quality.
SCORE
8
Copyright © MM Publications
conditions that existed before the earth was created.
31
C. Complete the sentence with the words in the box.
bargain income
living control
affairs fist
campaign mouth
Traveller
1. The current state of is so disheartening that many young people are contemplating leaving the country to seek their fortune elsewhere. 2. It is feared that the current state of the economy will lead to a large portion of the population living from hand to . 3. M y only source of at the moment is the baby-sitting I do once a week, but that is certainly not enough to cover my personal expenses. 4. Our rigid quality standards ensure that our baby products are not only durable but also safe. 5. They decided to launch a publicity to promote their new line of health and wellness products for expectant mothers. 6. It is only by hunting that consumers can ensure that the products and services they buy are good value for money. 7. F rancis decided to become a partner in his brother’s company when he saw that he was making money hand over . 8. The cost of has risen to such an extent that low-income families are having a difficult time making ends meet. 8 SCORE
2. grammar A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, beginning with the word that has been given. 1. Zoé is getting the promotion because she proved that she has a keen mind and good business sense. If
.
2. You must not permit members of the audience to enter the dressing rooms of performers. Under
.
3. It didn’t cross my mind even once that I would be required to undergo such a gruelling interview cycle to qualify for the position. Not
.
4. I was given a transfer by my superior, not a promotion. What
.
5. I heard the sound of a deafening explosion just when I reached the underground. Scarcely
.
6. T he only way you will manage to climb the corporate ladder in a company such as this is by exercising will-power and
Copyright © MM Publications
determination. Only
.
7. Max is very intuitive and that’s why he grabbed the opportunity when it arose. If
.
8. Jenny didn’t miss that important phone call because she didn’t leave as early as she had expected. Had
.
9. I handed in my business proposal on Friday, not on Monday. It
32
.
SCORE
18
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. I wish Brent
asking me to help him out with his work, I’ve got enough of my own.
a. stopped
b. had stopped
2. By no means
d. could stop
our colleagues for granted; after all the success of this company lies in us working together.
a. shouldn’t we take 3. I f only I
c. would stop
Traveller
b. we should take
c. we shouldn’t take
d. should we take
my differences with Gabriela before she left the country for good, but her husband wouldn’t let me see
her. a. could have reconciled 4. I would rather a. didn’t have 5.
b. would reconcile
c. were reconciling
d. reconciled
that verbal confrontation with that insolent journalist at the press conference last night. b. not have
c. hadn’t had
d. not have had
any queries regarding the filling out of these forms, please contact my secretary who will be more than willing
to help you. a. Having had 6. No matter where a. has she stayed 7. It’s about time you a. were getting 8.
b. Should you have
c. Were you to have
d. Had you had
, she always finds fault with her accommodation. b. she has stayed
c. she stays
d. does she stay
off your laurels; you’ve been lounging around ever since you were given the sack. b. had got
c. got
d. get
we will always wonder about is whether there is intelligent life on any other planet in our solar system.
a. What
b. It
c. Where
d. That
SCORE
8
3. READING Read the texts A, B and C, which are related to technology, and answer the questions 1-6. Choose a, b, c or d.
dictates that there could only be one winner, and now we know it is Sony. With the products inseparable on performance and technical grounds, the victor in this little war was always going to be decided through marketing. Where Sony had the advantage here is that its Playstation 3 computer games console comes pre-fitted with a Blu-ray player. So with Playstation 3 selling over 10 million units, that meant 10 million Blu-ray DVD players were already owned by consumers, far more than the 1 million HD players sold. With this sort of sales momentum, the major retailers started to favour Blu-ray, and Toshiba have just announced that they have ceased production of the HD. The war may be over, but what impact will the victory make? Toshiba’s decision to pull the plug on the HD DVD so early is one which financial analysts see as prudent; they had nothing to gain by staying in an unwinnable war. Consumers too might be better off. If there’s only one DVD format, then consumers don’t have to worry about product incompatibility. With only one format on the market, it might be expected that its sales would take off, but in this case there is good reason to think this won’t happen. The point is that technology is moving so fast that Blu-ray players and discs may soon be a thing of the past, whether they have a rival or not. This is because an ever increasing number of consumers are already turning their backs on DVD players to download their movies from the internet, or from their satellite or cable television provider. The future just isn’t hardware. 1. In the writer’s view, Sony’s Blu-ray won the format battle because it a. was cheaper than its rival. b. produces better quality pictures. c. was given free with another product. d. was launched earlier.
2. What does the writer think will be a consequence of Sony’s victory? a. Confusion for consumers. b. Big economic problems for Toshiba. c. A large increase in Blu-ray sales. d. Very little benefit for Sony.
Copyright © MM Publications
A. The DVD Format War In 2006, two rival high-definition DVD systems were launched – Sony’s Blu-ray and Toshiba’s HD DVD. Economics
33
Traveller B. Magical Rubber A French laboratory has recently announced the development of a new kind of synthetic rubber with an extraordinary property. Watching a demonstration of this amazing substance was quite eye-opening. The technician laid out a cylindrical length of the rubber, a yellowish material, on the worktop. She then took out a razor blade and severed the sample, and held the two pieces apart, revealing the cleanly cut ends. Then she pressed the two ends back together and released one of them. To the viewers’ great amazement, the two halves of the rubber cylinder had stuck back together. It was like a magician’s trick. An hour later the bond had strengthened so much that the technician was able to stretch the rubber to twice its initial length without any rupturing at the point it had been cut. The secret of the substance has nothing to do with magic, of course, but lies in how its molecules are held together. A piece of normal rubber comprises a single molecule with many billions of smaller units bonded together chemically in a vast tangled network. It is elastic because the different strands in the rubber can be compressed or extended, much like a concertina. However, if the rubber is broken, then the chemical bonds are permanently severed. In the new rubber, chemical bonds are much weaker. However, when these bonds break, they are not broken permanently, but can bond again, like Velcro or tiny grasping hands. 3. What is ‘magical’ about the new rubber? a. Its extreme flexibility. b. Its incredible strength. c. The way it sticks to itself. d. The way it sticks to other things.
4. The rubber has this property because its molecules are a. of two different types. b. elastic and flexible. c. very long and thin. d. connected very loosely.
C. Techno-Addicts In just the same way that there is often a silver lining to a dark cloud, so there is a downside to any good thing. With
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modern technology like mobile phones and other digital devices, the downside is addiction. Some people’s leisure time and even working hours are becoming dominated by a constant checking for new e-mails and text messages. In extreme cases, people wake up two or three times a night to check. As creatures of habit, people can get addicted to quite bizarre things, but due to the portability of this technology, it is a much more likely object of addiction than most. In our society, of course, these devices are extremely useful – indeed, some would say they were essential – and so finding a solution to the problem is far from simple. Trying to regulate the functions of these devices, as some people have suggested, might have some impact on the ways they are used and some economic consequences for the manufacturers, but it wouldn’t prevent the addiction. A better strategy would be to educate the user. Although I would stop short of new legislation posing restrictions, cautionary notes placed on the devices can be effective in notifying users of the risks of addiction. But whatever changes we make now, the pace of technological change means the future will inevitably throw up many further unforeseen problems. 5. In the writer’s opinion, what is the reason for technoaddiction? a. You can take technological devices with you everywhere. b. Modern technology is extremely fascinating. c. Almost everybody owns technological devices. d. Modern technology is very easy to use.
6. W hat does the writer think the best solution to techno-addiction is? a. For manufacturers to provide warnings on technological devices. b. To take measures considering what the future will hold. c. To teach students about technology in schools. d. For the government to introduce laws to control what the devices can do.
SCORE 34
12
4. listening I. Y ou will hear part of a radio programme in which journalist Arabella Gordon talks about the phenomenon of technophobia. For questions 1-9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 1. People found the new machines to be threatening and appeared in their places of work.
Traveller when they first
2. The new weaving machines were operated by
and .
3. The Frame Breaking Act was a law which brought in the death penalty for
.
4. William Wordsworth and William Blake believed that the Industrial Revolution was spoiling . 5. A computer’s apparent ability
is perceived as a threat by many people.
6. Arabella Gordon mentions science-fiction stories in which
have human
slaves. 7. In the UK, it is the low price of electronic typewriters that makes them attractive to . 8. Typewriters are more popular in developing countries where there is a shortage of . before he was a writer.
SCORE
18
TOTAL SCORE
80
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9. Frederick Forsyth was a
35
Traveller
Test 6 Module 6 1. VOCABULARY A. Complete the idioms/expressions by using the appropriate form of have, take or put. 1. To
it mildly, I would say that, yes, Mrs Campion was extremely upset when she was informed that her son
was arrested for shoplifting. 2. Are you sure that you
what it takes to be a lawyer? It’s a very demanding profession, you know.
3. T he mayor is liable to
issue with any derogatory comments about how effective the surveillance cameras
he had installed are, so be careful what you say. 4. Although the judge and the lawyer who was cross-examining the witness tried to
her at ease, she was
very nervous, which made a bad impression on the jury. 5. Carla is
second thoughts about studying abroad and is now considering applying to a university near her
home town. 6. Having to cope with a full-time job and three young children, while her husband is away is
a strain on
Beth. 7. Parents should
heed of the early signs of children’s addiction to computer games and the Internet and
encourage them to take up other activities. 8. Judge Morrison will not
a hard line on first offenders, but he is very strict with repetitive offenders.
SCORE B. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence. 1. All the women in the accounting department consider the chief accountant to be a very eligible
8
as he is
good-looking, has a good income and also has a good sense of humour. a. widower
b. sibling
c. in-law
2. I was very upset yesterday when my French teacher made a very
d. bachelor remark about my accent in front of the whole
class. a. affectionate
b. tactless
3. What kind of person would
c. shrewd
d. urbane
a successful carreer as a legal adviser in one of the largest companies in the country
to become a gardener? a. desert
b. abscond
c. abandon
4. In order to bring the ex-minister to justice, we will need definite a. proof 5. Frank is very
b. evidence
d. surrender of his involvement in the scandal.
c. hints
d. clues
of the fact that he was overlooked for promotion although he had worked overtime and sacrificed
a large part of his personal life for the company. a. resentful
b. compassionate
c. impulsive
d. intolerant
6. This proposal is very ambitious and will certainly solve many problems, however, on the
it might be quite
Copyright © MM Publications
difficult to implement.
36
a. downsize
b. downcast
c. downside
7. We have been finding it increasingly difficult to
d. downstream
the workload after several members of the staff have been laid
off. a. manipulate
b. operate
8. The traffic warden told me that he would
c. run
d. handle
me off with a warning this time, but the next time I was caught
driving without a licence, I would have to pay a fine. a. get
b. let
c. see
d. put
SCORE
8
Traveller
C. Complete the sentences with an appropriate preposition. 1. My father is always very strict, in contrast 2. In view
my mother who is quite lenient.
the situation, I think we will be obliged to resort to our alternative plan.
3. In response
numerous requests from viewers, we have decided to broadcast the documentary again on Friday at
6pm. 4. The administrative staff of the factory have decided to go on strike in solidarity
the workers from the factory
floor who have been on strike for two weeks. 5. In accordance
school regulations, all students must wear the school uniform.
6. He is a person that I admire greatly and I am in awe
SCORE
of his immense talent.
6
2. grammar A. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1. The prisoner was allowed to work in the prison kitchens because he had been behaving well. On
behaviour
, the prisoner was allowed to work in the prison
kitchens. in
2. Although this was his first offence, Mark was sentenced to three years in prison. Mark was sentenced to three years in prison,
his first
offence. too
3. The news was so good that I couldn’t believe it. The news
true. to
4. The flight was cancelled because the weather conditions were so bad. The flight was cancelled
conditions. of
5. The children’s questions didn’t annoy the author at all; he found them very refreshing. Instead
the children’s questions, the author found them
very refreshing.
SCORE
10
B. Complete the sentences with a/an, the or - and circle the correct verb form. 1. Is / Are the information you gave me about 2.
proverbial phrase ‘No news is / are good news’ is attributed to
3.
experience of reading this book has opened my eyes to
4.
physics is / are
5.
United Arab Emirates is / are situated in
borders on
Oman and
King James I of England. whole new world of crime novels.
subject that I like most of all. Southwest Asia on
Persian Gulf and the country
Saudi Arabia.
SCORE
Copyright © MM Publications
first judicial systems in Europe reliable?
16 37
3. READING Read the texts and answer the questions 1-10. Choose a, b, c or d.
Traveller
The Blood-Type Theory Human blood comes in four different types, namely A, B, AB and O. In most of the world, most people are ignorant of which blood type they possess, since it is important only if they have to undergo an operation which requires a blood transfusion. In Japan, however, things are different, since a large proportion of the population believes that blood type determines personality and, as a result, over 90% of the population are aware which type they are. This linking of blood type and personality has ramifications across life, but is especially prominent in prospective relationships and employment. For example, in Japan one popular way to meet romantic partners is to go to specialised venues which conduct speed dating. A single man and woman sit alone together at a table for just a few minutes. Then a bell rings, and they go to sit with someone new. Some such venues hold dating sessions which are limited to men or women of a particular blood type. For those who believe in the blood-type theory, this seems to maximise their chance of finding someone special. The current popularity of the idea exploded in the 1970s following the publication of a book by Masahiko Nomi, even though he was a lawyer and broadcaster who had no medical or psychological training. His ideas were largely anecdotal, and many critics thought it mere superstition, but the book nevertheless sparked great interest in the general public. Now his son, Toshitaka, continues to promote the theory, and nowadays it is ubiquitous in Japanese popular culture, featuring on morning TV, women’s magazines and best-selling self-help books. Much like horoscopes in the West, the blood group theory is regularly debunked by scientific experimentation, yet it retains popular appeal. Perhaps one reason for this is that it helps to break the ice in social situations. Japanese people do not always find it easy to express their opinions, so discussing blood types is an indirect way of telling people what you think of them. 1. According to the passage, in Japan a. people associate blood types solely with personality traits. b. a complicated scientific theory relating blood types to personality has been developed. c. many more people than elsewhere know which type of blood they have. d. blood transfusions are made only for certain types of blood. 2. How is the blood-type theory used in speed dating? a. People go to tables according to their blood types. b. Dating couples talk about the theory and what it means. c. Some people want to meet only people of a particular blood type. d. People try to guess the blood type of their date.
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3. What is true about the popularity of the blood-type theory? a. It became popular due to the writings of a father-and-son team. b. It is popular because of a traditional idea in Japanese culture. c. It is not as popular as it was in the 1970s. d. It became popular following experiments conducted by Masahiko Nomi.
38
4. What does scientific testing show about the blood-type theory? a. Scientific testing supports the theory. b. Scientific testing refutes the theory. c. Scientific testing is inconclusive. d. The theory has not been scientifically tested. 5. Why is the blood-type theory so popular in Japan? a. It gives people something to talk about. b. It makes social interaction easier. c. It is used as a way to make friends. d. Japanese people find it very entertaining.
Traveller The Piltdown Man Ever since 1859, when Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution, a desperate race had been on between scientists to discover the evolutionary intermediate between apes and humans. But this so-called ‘missing link’ was proving very elusive. In 1912, an amateur archaeologist called Charles Dawson said he had found a skull in Barkham Manor, Piltdown, in Sussex, England. At the time, scientists thought the skull genuine, and that Dawson had indeed discovered the missing link. He became famous almost overnight. Nevertheless, it later transpired that the skull was a forgery, made from a human skull only about 500 years old with its jaw replaced by that of a female orangutan, with the bones stained to make them appear older.
6. What was the ‘missing link’? a. A clue in a scientific investigation. b. A kind of scientific theory. c. A piece of evidence which had been lost. d. A kind of ancient human ancestor.
9. Where had important finds been made before 1912? a. Germany only b. France and Germany only c. Britain only d. Britain, Germany and France
7. Who orchestrated the hoax? a. Dawson b. Darwin c. A group of British scientists d. Nobody knows
10. W hy did it take a long time to re-examine the Piltdown skull? a. It was in harmony with other discoveries. b. British scientists wanted it to be genuine. c. Its owner would not give permission. d. Scientists thought more testing would damage it.
8. What turned out to be true about the discovery? a. It had bones of two different creatures. b. It was constructed and painted in a laboratory. c. It was a modern human’s skull. d. It was made of a synthetic material.
SCORE
20
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It remains unknown, however, who made the skull, and whether Dawson knew it was a fake. Fingers have been pointed not only at Dawson, but at various other scientists and people said to be his enemies, but nobody knows for sure. The motivation for the hoax is also unknown. One theory is patriotism. Given that sensational discoveries of early humans had recently occurred, first in Germany and then in France, and given the patriotic one-upmanship of pre-First World War Europe, huge pressure was on British scientists to show that Britain had also played a major role in human evolution. Piltdown man seemed a godsend in this respect, since it made Britain seem to be the birthplace of mankind. Even if patriotism was not the motivation for Piltdown man, it certainly made it harder for British scientists to see it for the hoax that it was. Indeed, despite its inconsistencies with other early humans discovered in the wake of Piltdown, which would normally have precipitated critical testing much sooner, it was over 40 years before re-examination showed the Piltdown skull to be a fake.
39
Traveller
4. listening I. Y ou will hear two university students, Matthew and Emily, talking about copyright. For questions 1-6, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree. Write M for Matthew, E for Emily, or B for both, where they agree.
1. DVDs sold by street vendors are often poor quality. 2. People who illegally download films from the Internet profit from it financially. 3. Film studios would be badly affected economically if films were not protected by copyright. 4. Unsuccessful artists would be unaffected economically if their work was not protected by copyright. 5. It is right that copyright should last for fifty years after an author’s death.
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6. Breaches of copyright are going to increase in the future.
40
SCORE
12
TOTAL SCORE
80
Traveller
FINAL TEST 1. VOCABULARY A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
1. Telecommunications specialists herald the Internet as one of the greatest technological developments of all times because it is the fastest way to
a. dispel
information. b. disseminate
2. Not having my glasses, I
c. disperse
d. dissolve
intently at the small print, which I knew I had to read carefully before
signing the contract.
a. glared
b. glanced
c. glimpsed
d. peered
3. So anxious was I about my exam results that I spent the whole night staring at the
of the clock
waiting for daybreak.
a. neck
b. foot
c. head
d. hands
4. The man who escaped with only minor injuries from the building that collapsed during the earthquake is being at Lawrance Hospital in Bronxville.
a. healed
b. cured
c. treated
5. My doctor said that I had
d. remedied
with a stomach bug and that the severe abdominal pain and nausea would
subside after about seven days.
a. come down
b. come round
c. brought up
6. Before entering the water the diver
d. gone off
twice in the air with such grace and precision that all seven
judges gave him a high score.
a. wobbled
b. sauntered
7. T he Constitution
c. somersaulted
d. strutted
in a clear and unambiguous manner the civil and political rights of all citizens of
the country.
a. codifies
b. fortifies
c. testifies
8. My parents told me that I would have to paddle my own
a. ship
b. boat
9. Mark has been
c. raft
d. classifies if I wished to pursue a career in showbiz. d. canoe
in antique and vintage jewellery for the last five years, and I must admit that he’s
done pretty well for himself.
a. dealing
b. importing
c. exporting
d. trading
10. It is our unquenchable thirst for knowledge and our curiosity for the unknown that have led to us to breakthroughs that have altered the course of history. a. taking
b. making
c. having
11. T he stringent laws regulating organ donation that were
d. producing more than ten years ago are to undergo
modification to increase the availability of organs for transplantation.
a. performed
b. activated
12. Never have I met a more
c. proceeded
d. enacted
person than Gary. He never thinks about the consequences of his actions;
he just acts on the spur of the moment.
a. inquisitive
b. impulsive
c. obstinate
d. intolerant
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41
Traveller 13. Before becoming a junior executive, I attended a course which provided crucial instruction on how best to conflict situations.
a. handle
b. manipulate
c. operate
14. Sally needs to be taken down a
d. cope
or two because she’s become very conceited ever since she won that
Young Designer’s Award.
a. stride
b. line
c. peg
15. Mohandas Gandhi strongly
d. size
the use of violence and brute force in one’s quest for liberty, instead he
advocated nonviolent resistance.
a. doomed
b. convicted
c. sentenced
d. condemned 15
SCORE
B. Read the sentences and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals. 1. The argument made by the government official was so
that, upon hearing him, many were FORCE
convinced that he was telling the truth. 2. Although qualifications are of paramount importance, what determines a candidate’s
is his/ ELIGIBLE
her practical experience and leadership skills. 3. N ot only does environmental
facilitate the spread of deadly diseases, but it also assists in the DEGRADE
creation of new ones.
4. The triathlon, which consists of swimming, running and cycling, is a multi-sport event which requires a good level of physical fitness and
ENDURE
.
5. Initially, I was very reserved but the upbeat tempo had an
effect and I ended up shedding all LIFT
my inhibitions and having a good time. 6. O ur
on mobile technology has reached such outrageous proportions that it is interfering with RELY
our personal relationships. 7. I n
to public demand, the government decided to hold a referendum before passing
the bill.
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8. Medical practitioners are concerned about the widespread
42
RESPOND of obesity because it is the leading PREVAIL
preventable cause of death worldwide.
SCORE
8
Traveller
2 . GR A MM A R A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence. 1. She
such excellent progress that I was really shocked to hear that she was given the sack.
a. is making
b. had been making
2. You should not allow yourself a. to distract 3.
c. has been making
d. made
by small and insignificant things.
b. to be distracting
c. to be distracted
d. to have been distracted
by the company that produces the product, it is logical that the report spoke in favour of it.
a. To have written
b. To be written
c. Having been written
d. Writing
4. If Joanne hadn’t decided to stop working to look after her children, her medical practice a. would have thrived b. would be thrived 5.
now.
c. would have been thriving d. would be thriving
fair, it was Jessica who came up with the idea that secured us that lucrative deal, not Betty.
a. Having been
b. To be
c. To have been
d. Having been
6. Even though he had been working for the company for less than a year, his initiative and drive led to a promotion. a. his being given
b. him to be given
c. his given
d. him to give
7. Scarcely do I get back from work
I have to leave to go to that seminar I am presently attending.
a. then
c. before
b. than
8. If only my father
waiting at the office because now it’s too late for him to take me to the party.
a. hadn’t been kept
b. didn’t keep
9. Such a nervous wreck
c. wouldn’t be kept
b. I was
c. were I
10. I would have preferred
11.
d. won’t keep
at the onset of the audition that I ended up fainting.
a. was I
a. to have informed
d. when
d. I was being
about the meeting a few days ahead of time rather than at the last minute. b. having informed
c. informing
d. to have been informed
accepting accountability for the oil spill, the company refused to foot the bill for the clean up.
a. In spite
b. Although
c. However
d. Despite
12. When the scandal broke out, the director of the company decided to hand in his resignation
create
a lot of bad publicity for the company. a. so as not to
b. in order not
c. in case he
d. so that
13. Jeremy may not have the authority to, but he orders everyone around as though he
a senior
executive. b. is being
c. were
d. has been
14. In retrospect, he realised that he had been the ideal candidate for the job and regretted
for the
position. a. not to apply 15. Whenever I a. bump
b. not applying
c. not to have applied
d. not being applied
into Lorrette, she talks about the environmental group which she is a member of. b. am bumping
c. bumped
d. have bumped
SCORE
15
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a. is
43
Traveller
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given. 1. I bought ten items of clothing but I didn’t need five of them. WHICH I bought ten items of clothing
use to me.
2. Allegedly, this advanced telecommunications system was invented by two very resourceful young lads. SAID This advanced telecommunications system
two very resourceful
young lads. 3. Perhaps he was behaving so peevishly because what you said offended him. BEEN He
because what you said offended him.
4. ‘While Harold Robbins was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he was leaking confidential information’, said the journalist. OF Harold Robbins
while he was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
5. You should on no account give the parcel to anyone other than the person in question. BE Under
to anyone but the person in question.
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SCORE
44
10
3. RE A DING Read the text and answer the questions 1-7. Choose a, b, c or d.
Traveller
In 1856, quarry workers in Germany found some bones in a cave which on first sight seemed to belong to a bear or other large mammal. However, these bones were later identified as being of a previously unknown species of hominid similar to humans, which were named Neanderthals after the valley in which the cave is located. Since then, numerous other similar remains have been discovered, and it has been established that the Neanderthals inhabited parts of Europe and Central Asia from around 400,000 to 28,000 years ago. Traditionally, Neanderthals have been portrayed derogatively, as uncivilised and unsophisticated grunting cavemen. In the knowledgeable science-fiction writer HG Wells’ short story The Grisly Folk (1921), for example, they are depicted as savage creatures who deserved to die out. The reasons for this negative portrayal are not altogether clear, although it might have something to do with Neanderthals’ physical characteristics. They were about the same height as contemporary Homo sapiens, our ancestors, but they had a more robust build, with barrel chests and shorter limbs, and indeed were much stronger, especially in the arms and hands, which might bring to mind a great ape, such as a gorilla. Their heads were also characteristically different to those of Homo sapiens, and with their receding chins and foreheads appeared much more ape-like. Thus it was all too easy to see Neanderthals as thickheaded semi-humans. Indeed, this attitude is reflected linguistically, since calling someone a ‘Neanderthal’ infers stupidity and a disposition to resort to brute force. Scientific research has nonetheless concluded that this popular conception of Neanderthals is mere prejudice. Firstly, the evidence that exists seems to indicate that they had comparable intelligence to modern humans. Their cranial capacity was the same or slightly larger than contemporary Homo sapiens, indicating that they had brains at least as big. Moreover, it seems that the brain areas responsible for complex thought were just as advanced as ours, and so they probably had the ability to think like us. Nevertheless, because we have only bones and no soft tissue to go on, any conclusions drawn about Neanderthal brains and cognitive capacity can only be provisional at best. This said, if Neanderthals were indeed intelligent, we would expect that there to be some signs of Neanderthals applying this intelligence, and indeed we do. Neanderthals performed many sophisticated tasks which are normally associated only with humans. For example, it is known that they controlled fire, constructed complex shelters and skinned animals. They also made various tools, including hammers of bone and wood, and stone-headed axes and spears. They even seem to have performed burial ceremonies, since they buried their dead with flowers and tools. It is also believed that they used a kind of body paint, and perhaps even had jewellery, with the caveat that the latter may have instead been traded from the Homo sapiens who co-existed with them. There is, however, a particular ability that human beings have which makes us unique, namely language. Like us, Neanderthals lived in groups and had varied social systems, and so language would have been very useful for them. Nevertheless, the idea that they lacked complex language was widespread until 1983, when a Neanderthal hyoid was found at Kebara Cave in Israel. The hyoid is a small bone which connects the muscles of the tongue with those of the larynx in a way that facilitates a notably wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements. The hyoid bone found in the Kebara Cave is virtually identical to that of modern humans, indicating that Neanderthals were able to make a comparably broad range of sounds, as required for speech. So it seems that Neanderthals could do more than merely grunt. Another factor important in communication by speech is understanding. From the shape of their outer and middle ears, Neanderthals appear to have had an auditory sensitivity similar to modern humans and very much more advanced than chimpanzees. Thus, they were probably able to differentiate between many different sounds, such as the various sounds of spoken language. Indeed, some researchers hypothesise that they enjoyed music and singing.
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Ancient Ancestors: What were the Neanderthals really like?
45
Traveller 1. What did HG Wells say about Neanderthals? a. They had never actually existed. b. They were intelligent and innovative. c. They still lived on in certain parts of the world. d. They were inferior to Homo sapiens. 2. What may have led to Neanderthals’ being depicted in an unfavourable light? a. their size and build b. the fact that they were stronger than Homo sapiens c. the fact that they descended from gorillas d. their volatile temper and tendency to violence 3. A ccording to the writer, what is true of Neanderthals’ brains? a. They were certainly larger and as advanced as the ones of modern humans. b. The evidence that Neanderthals applied their intelligence is inconclusive. c. They were the same size as the ones of modern humans or even slightly bigger. d. They were very similar to the ones of modern humans in terms of size and cognitive capacity.
5. The writer implies that a. there are several misconceptions regarding Neanderthals. b. Neanderthals were not as ugly and violent as many people think. c. Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens. d. more scientific research is required in order to discard the prejudices linked with Neanderthals. 6. T he discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone is very important because it shows that Neanderthals a. spoke a complex language. b. could make a large variety of sounds. c. were able to make only animal noises. d. had vocal organs identical to the ones of modern humans. 7. What did examination of Neanderthal ears show? a. They were able to understand human speech. b. They could hear very quiet sounds. c. The shape of their ears was the same as modern humans. d. They could distinguish a wide range of sounds.
4. What does caveat in paragraph 4 mean? a. cautionary note b. conviction c. scientific discovery d. evidence
14
SCORE
4. listening You’ll hear a professor giving a lecture on the lost city of Atlantis and its presumed location. For questions 1-9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 1. Atlantis is said to have been engulfed by a(n) earthquake that struck it.
that followed soon after the huge
2. The evidence backing Plato’s account is based on Gibraltar.
performed just west of the Straits of
3. Dr Marc-Andre Gutscher thinks that there are impressive similarities between the the geological reality.
and
4. Plato’s most famous student, Aristotle, is said to have regarded his story of Atlantis as 5. Plato placed the destruction of Atlantis at a period before
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6. Various Atlantic.
46
. .
have been suggested, one of which places Atlantis right in the middle of the
7. Marinatos linked the destruction of Atlantis to a(n)
that is genuine.
8. Some time around 1500BC a(n) destruction of an advanced civilisation.
took place on the island of Thera, which led to the
9. Robert Sarmast believes that the Atlantis.
of the Mediterranean basin brought about the end of
SCORE
18
5. writing
Traveller
Write your essay in 250 - 300 words.
SCORE
20
TOTAL SCORE
100
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“Spare the rod and spoil the child.’ This common phrase from the previous century, is supported by some people today who believe that children should be physically punished in order to learn to be obedient and have good manners. Discuss the meaning of this proberb giving examples to support your ideas.
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Traveller Advanced C1 Test Booklet H.Q. Mitchell Published by: MM Publications www.mmpublications.com
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ISBN: 978-960-443-627-9
