Traumatologia Fractura de Codo Antebrazo Muñeca Mano

 

Yhovirsogdg Yhov irsogdg Hd`o Hd`ofhdb fhdb ‒Uigr ‒ Uigrf f ]uoz Kdb Kdbbf“ bf“

Nd`ubtdg gi Ligo`ohd Auldhd  PILOHD]OF Hµ473

N]D@WY]DP _ BYQD@OFHIP @FGF, DHWIM]DSF, LYÔI@D _ GI LDHF Dbulhfs3 ❞ ❞

Kdr`od Kdr` od @dsu @dsusf sfbb Db Dbix ixos os Kdr` Kd r`od od _hfp _hfpi i @d @drbf rbfss ]o`d ]o`drg rgf f

Gf`ihti3

Gr.. Lobt Gr Lobtfh fh Kfhzd Kfhzdbis bis ]iyis

 

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  @fhf`ir bds topfs gi nrd`turds nrd`turds läs nri`uihtis gib `fgf y gib dhtimrdzf.  ]i`fhf`ir bds proh`opdbis nrd`turds y buxd`ofhis gi ldhf y luôi`d, gisg gi sgii su `bìh `bìho` o`dd `d `drrd`t `tir irìs ìsto to`d `d adstd ads td su ri rispi spi`to `tovd vd iv ivdbu dbud`o d`oðh ðh y ldhicf.  Dhdbozdr bds `drd`tirìsto`ds prfpods gi `dgd bisoðh gi Hirvof pironïro`f gi loilmrf supirofr gi d`uirgf d su frokih gi bisoðh, dsì `flf sus ldhonist ldhon istd`of d`ofhis his `bìho`ds `bìho`ds,, ihnfqui ihnfqui godkhðsto`f y trdtdl trdtdloihtf oihtf

 

@FGF

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF Ib `fgf is bd sikuhgd drto`ubd`oðh qui läs si buxd ih bfs dgubtfs y bd prolird ih bfs hoôfs.  Bds buxd`ofhis gi `fgf supfhih uh 44% d uh =1% gi bds bisofhis gib `fgf. 



Bd oh`ogih`od dhudb giisbuxd`ofhis gi `fgf is gi >ihtr d 1 i`dsfs pfry 455.555 Bd buxd`oðh pfstirofr pfst irofr lds nri`uihti y supfhi ihtri ib 15% ib ?5% gipirsfhds tfgds bdsy dôf. buxd`ofhis  Bds buxd`ofhis puigih sir solpbis (bokdlihtfs (bokdlihtfsds) ds) f `flpbicds (nrd`turds-95%)  Bd ldyfr oh`ogih`od si fmsirvd ihtri bfs 45 y bfs =5 dôfs gi igdg, dsf`odgd d bisofhis gipfrtovds  ]isubtdgf ohgori`tf ohgori`tf gi `dìgd `fh ib mrdzf ih ixtihsoðh f moih dsf`odgds d krdhgis trduldt trduldtoslfs. oslfs. 

 

BYQD@OFHIP BYQD@OFH IP GIB @FGF LI@DHOPLF GI BIPOFH Ib li`dhoslf `bäso`f is bd `flmohd`oðh gi `drkd dxodb, rftd`oðh ix ixti tirh rhdd gib gib dhti dhtimr mrdz dzf f (s (sup upohd ohd`oð `oðh) h) y nuirz nuirzdd ih vd vdbk bkf f (v (vdb dbkf kf pfstirfbdtirdb). Ady uhd rfturd `or`ubdr prfkrisovd gi bfs ticogfs mbdhgfs. @fh ldyfr nri`uih`od bd bisoðh si prfgu`i pfr uhd `dìgd `fh bd ldhf ib `fgf ihzdixtihsoðh, bf qui gi, pdbdh` pdb dh`ddf qui gispbd gispbdzd ib fbï`rd fbï`rdhfh hfh `fhrisubtd rispi`tf rispi`ih tf uh d bdmrdzf trð`bid trð`bid, `flmohdgf `fh uhd trdsbd`oðh gi bds supirno`ois drto`ubdris pdrd prfgu`or bd buxd`oðh.

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF LDHONIPWD@OFHIP @BOHO@DP 

Ib pd`oihti tìpo`dlihti si sucitd bd ixtrilogdg bisofhdgd, qui prisihtd uh krdgf vdrodmbi gi ohistdmobogdg y dulihtf gi vfbulih.



Is nuhgdlihtdb ridbozdr uhd ivdbud`oðh hiurfvds`ubdr lohu`ofsd, bd `udb gimi pr prd` d`to to``dr drsi si dh dhti tiss gi fm fmti tihi hirr bds bds pr prui uimd mdss gi ol oldk dkih ih y gi `u `udb dbqu quoi oirr ldhopubd`oðh.



Bds nrd`turds dsf`odgds kihirdblihti dni`tdh d bd `dmizd gib rdgof y/f d bd dpðnosos `frfhfogis gib `ómotf.



Uuigi bisofhdrsi bd drtirod mrdquodb, ispi`odblih ispi`odblihti ti ih bds buxd`ofhis dmoirtds

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF GODKHFPWO@F GODKHFPW O@F _ @BDPONO@D@OFH

POLUBIP

]dgofkrdnìds Dhtirfpfstirofris y Bdtirdb WD@ risubtd ótob pdrd ogihtono`dr nrdklihtfs ðsifs

@FLUBICDP

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

W]DWDLOIHWF 

Bd rigu``oðh gi bd buxd`oðh gimi ridbozdrsi soilpri trds bd dglohostrd`oðh gi dhdbkisod. Ih `dsfs gi rigu``oðh  goffl`ubtfsd si gimi `fhsogirdrbd fp`oðh gi rigu``oðh mdcf sigd`oðh.



Ih bds bux buxd`ofh d`ofhis is pfs pfstiro tirofris fris,, trd` trd``ofh `ofhdlfs dlfs gib aólir aólirf f ad`od pfst pfstirof irofrr loih loihtrds trds `fh `fhtrdtrdtrd``ofhdlfs bfhkotugohdblihti bfhkotugohdblihti gib dhtimrdzf y gi bd luôi`d.



Wrds bd rigu``oðh gimih ridbozdrsi rdgofkrdnìds gi `fhtrfb.



Ohlfvoboz Ohlfvo bozd`o d`oðh ðh `fh `fh nï nïru rubd bd mrdqu mrdquofof-dh dhtim timrd rdquo quof-p f-pdbl dbldr dr `fh `fh ib `fgf `fgf ih nbixoð nbixoðh h gi ?5³ y `dmistrobbf gurdhti gurdhti = sildhds so bd drto`ubd`oðh is istdmbi.



Ih `dsfs istdmbis, bd ritordgd gi bd ohlfvobozd`oðh y ib oho`of tilprdhf gi uh prfkrdld gi riadmobotd`oðh pdri`i sir bd istrdtik istrdtikod od tirdpïuto`d gi ibi``oðh.

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

Ldhofmrd gi rigu``oðh `fh ib pd`oihti tulmdgf ih gi`ómotf prfhf y ib dhtimrdzf dpfydgf sfmri bd `dlobbd gi ixpbfrd`oðh: si ridbozd prisoðh sfmri ib fbï`rdhfh loihtrds si dpbo`d trd``oðh y ﬍ixoðh prfkrisovd sfmri ib dhtimrdzf. ixpbfrd`oðh:

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

@fh ib pd`oihti ih gi`ómotf supohf y `fh ib mrdzf dpfydgf sfmri bd `dlobbd si ridbozd uhd trd``oðh sfmri ib dhtimrdzfih bd gori``oðh gib ici gib aólirf y uhd `fhtrdtrd``oðh sfmri ib mrdzf. Ih `dsf gi hf sir ini`tovd bd ldhofmrd si puigi ridbozdrtrd``oðh sfmri bd pdrti prfxoldb gib dhtimrdz dhtimrdzf. f.

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

Ldhofmrd gi rigu``oðh `fh ib pd`oihti ih sigistd`oðh: si ridbozd prisoðh sfmri ib fbï`rdhfh loihtrds si dpbo`d trd``oðhy  ﬍ixoðh prfkrisovd sfmri ib dhtimrdzf

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF

‒W]ODGD WI]]OMBI“

@flmohd bd bisoðh bokdlihtfsd `fh uhd nrd`turd gi bd dpðfflsos   `frfhfogis y `fh bd nrd`turd gi bd `dmizd gib rdgof. Is uhd ihtogdg `fh uhd dbtd tdsd gi `flpbo`d`ofhis y qui riquoiri, ih bd ldyfr pdrti gi bfs `dsfs, gi uh trdtdloihtf quorórko`f

 

BYQD@OFHIP GIB @FGF U]FHD@OÐH GFBF]FPD   Is

uhd bisoðh ix`busovd gi bd ohndh`od, qui si vd d prfgu`or

sfmri tfgf d bfs = dôfs. gi bd `d `dmiz mizdd rdgodb rdgodb pfr bd oh`dr` oh`dr`ird ird`oðh `oðh gib bokdlihtf dhubdr   Li`dhoslf prfgu``oðh3 uh dgubtf tord gi bd ldhf gib hoôf istdgf ih `fgf ih ixtihsoðh   @bìho`d3 gfbfr, ib hoôf ldhtoihi ib loilmrf supirofr ohlðvob, `fh ib `fgf ih ixtihsoðh y ib dhtimrdzf ih prfhd`oðh.   Pi ldhtoihih ih pfsturd dhtoäbko`d   ]x hfrldb    Wr Wrdtdloihtf3 dtdloihtf3 rigu``oðh, ohlfvobozd`oðh ligodhti `dmistrobbf Pumbu umbuxd xd`oð `oðh h   P

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP N]D@WY]DP PYU]D@FHG PYU]D@FHGÌBIDP ÌBIDP 

Bd bisoðh trduläto`d läs nri`uihti (`fgf) hoôfs ihtri 7-4= dôfs.



Uo`f läxolf oh`ogih`od >-; dôfs



Li`dhoslf ohgori`tf3 `dìgd `fh ib `fgf ih ixtihsoðh.



Pi `fhsogirdh bisofhis gi urkih`od pfr bd prfmdmobogdg gi qui f`urrd3   Bisoðh hiurfvds` hiurfvds`ubdr3 ubdr3 Bd drtirod aulirdb puigi vir virsi si `flprflitogd pfr ib po`f aulirdb gi bd nrd`turd. ▣  Pìhgrfli @flpdrtolihtdb ▣

Nrd`turd suprd`fhgìbid prfyi``oðh DU y bdtirdb.

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

LI@DHOPLF GI U]FGY@@OÐH 

Nrd`turds suprd`fhgìbids ih ixtihsoðh (?5%). ▣   Pfh si`uhgdrods d uhd ` `dìgd dìgd sfmri bd ldhf `fh `fh ib `fgf ih ldyfr f lihfr krdgf ih ixtihsoðh.



Nrd`turds suprd`fhgìbids ih nbixoðh (45%). ▣

  F`ur F`urri ri `udhg `udhgf f ib hoôf `di sfmri ib `fg `fgf f y si ih`uihtrd ih nbixoðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

BD @BDPONO@D@OÐH GI BDP N]D@WY]DP IH IQWIHPOÐH LÄP YPDGD IH BD D@WYDBOGDG, IP BD U]FUYIPWD UF] KD]WBDHG   Wopf O - hf gispbdzdgd ▣   Wopf OO - gispbdzdgds gispbdzdgds pirf `fh bd `frto`db pfstirofr pfstirofr ohtd`td ▣   Wopf OOO - gispbdzdgd gispbdzdgd `fh pïrgogd gib `fhtd`tf `fhtd`tf gi bd `frto`db pfst pfstir irofr ofr,, is istä täss si sumgov sumgovogi ogih h ih top topf f OOO-D OOO-D `udh `udhgf gf ib gi gisp spbd bdzd zdlo loih ihtf tf is pf pfst stir irfl flig igod odbb y OO OOOO-M M `udh `udhgf gf is ▣

pfstirfbdtirdb.

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB @BÌHO@D

AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

N]D@WY]D PYU]D@FHGÌBID K]DGF O Dulihtf gi vfbulih, gfbfr `fh `oirtfs lfvoloihtfs y gfbfr d bd gokotfpir`usoðh sfmri ib `fgf N]D@WY]D PYU]D@FHGÌBID K]DGF OO Pi d` d`ih ihtód tódh h bfs bfs sìhtf sìhtfld ldss yd qui qui bd nr nrd`t d`tur urdd is gos`ritdlihti ldyfr d bd dhtirofr pirf luy istdmbi. N]D@WY]D PYU]D@FHGÌBID K]DGF OOO Läs gfbfr, ohnbdld`oðh y ginfrlogdg gi bd rikoðh y uhd psiugfpdräbosos ih ixtihsoðh N]D@WY]D IH NBIQOÐH Ib `fgf si ih`uihtrd ih nbixoðh `fh dulihtf gi vfbulih y gfbfr d bd lfvobogdg.

Pokhf gi Jorlossfh, (iquolfsos pboikui nbixoðh `fgf)3 `fhsosti ih bd dpdro`oðh gi uhd zfhd iquolðto`d pfr ailfrrdkod ih bd `drd dhtirofr gib mrdzf y `fgf.

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP IQUBF]D@OÐH 

Nuhgdlihtdb ixpbfrd`o ixpbfrd`oðh ðh hiurfvds`ubdr hiurfvds`ubdr.. Olpfrtdht Olpfrtdhtii ixpbfrd`oðh dgi`udgd3 pubsf, sihsomobogdg, vdbfrdr bd lfvobogdg gi tfgfs bfs hirvofs.



Uubsf rdgodb, sihsomobogdg y lfvobogdg hirvofs ligodhf, rdgodb (qui si dni`td `fh ldyfr nri`uih`od) y `umotdb.

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP I^DBYD@OÐH ]DGOFK]ÄNO@D 

Ib istugof rdgofbðko`f solpbi ih prfyi``oðh bdtirdb y dhti dh tirf rfpf pfst stir irof ofrr gi `fg fgf f hf hfss vd d `fh fhno norl rldr dr bd gori``oðh gib trdzf y bd ldkhotug gi bfs gispbdzdloihtfs



‒dblfadgobbd krdsd“ krdsd“3 sokhf ohgori`tf gi Pokhf gi bd   ‒dblfadgobbd nrd`turd3 ady uh aildtfld `fh nrd`turd f`ubtd Dulihtf gi vfbulih ih bfs ticogfs mbdhgfs.

Wrdzf gi nrd`turd gos`ritf ih bd prfyi``oðh DU

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB W]DWDLOIHWF 

AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

]IGY@@OÐH ]IGY@@O ÐH Y]KIH Y]KIHWI WI ▣

  Ih nrd`turd nrd`turd Hf gispbdzdgd3 gispbdzdgd3 ohlfvobozd`oðh nïrubd nïrubd gi yisf

▣

  Ih nrd`tur nrd`turdd Gispbd Gispbdzdg zdgd3 d3 rigu`` rigu``oðh oðh `irrdgd `irrdgd ih quorðn quorðndhf dhf mdcf mdcf dhistisod kihirdb

▣

  Po bd nrd`turd nrd`turd is Ohistdmbi trds bd rigu``oðh3 rigu``oðh3 dkucds gi Jors`ahir pir`utähids + ohlfvobozd`oðh.

▣

  Bd `orukìd urkihti HF istä ohgo`dgd ih `dsf gi `flprflosf hiurfbðko`f,, sðbf so ixosti bisoðh vds`ubdr dsf`odgd. hiurfbðko`f

 

N]D@WY]DP IQW]I IQW]ILOGDG LOGDG GOPWDB GOPWDB @FLUBO@D@OFHIP

AÓLI]F IH HOÔFP

  Hiurfbðko`ds3

ih ib 1% gi bfs `dsfs. irvof f rdgod odbb 7= 7=% %3 si dni`td pfr pfr gispbd spbdzzdloi oih htf ▣   Hirvo pfst pfstir irfl fligo igodb db gib nr nrdk dklih lihtf tf f pfr pfr bd is ispì` pì`ub ubdd ðs ðsid id gib gib nrdklihtf prfxoldb. hiurfdprdxod y ri`upirdrsi ri`upirdrsi ▣   Hirvof ligodhf 0>%3 Puibi sir hiurfdprdxod ispfhtähidlihti. ▣   H `umotdb3 läs nri`uihti ih nrd`turds nrd`turds ih nbixoðh.

^ds`ubd ubdris ris33    ^ds`

drtirod drtirod aulird aulirdbb pfr ib po`f po`f gib nrdkli nrdklihtf htf aulird aulirdbb

prfxoldb. ▣   Pìhgrfli Pìhgrfli `flpdrtoliht `flpdrtolihtdb3 db3 Po hf si godkhfsto`d godkhfsto`d y hf si trdtd `f `fh h `drä`t `drä`tir ir urkiht urkihtii (nds` (nds`oft oftfl flìds) ìds),, puigi puigi gicdr gicdr si`uibd si`uibdss krdvis pfr `fhtrd`turd osquïlo`d gi ^fbjldhh. ^fbjldhh.

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB KIHI]DBOGDGIP   Bds

nrd`turds gib `ðhgobf bdtirdb gib aólirf riprisihtdh ihtri 45 y =5% gi tfgds bds nrd`turds qui f`urrih dbrigigfr gib `fgf ih bfs hoôfs `fh igdgis ihtri 0 y 47 dôfs.

  F`updh

ib sikuhgf bukdr ih nri`uih`od, soihgf supirdgds sfbdlihti pfr bds nrd`turds suprd`fhgìbids.

  Dsì

loslf, si ad ripfrtdgf qui `fhstotuyih 97% gi tfgds bds bisofhis nosdrods gib aólirf gostdb.

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB LI@DHOPLF GI U]FGY@@OÐH 

Pi adh sukirogf gfs li`dhoslfs gi bisoðh pdrd bds nrd`turds gib `ðhgobf bdtirdb3 ▣

  Ib   drrd drrdh` h`dlo dloiht ihtf f f «d «dvub vubsoð soðhº hº   si pr prf fgu` u`ii db admir dmir uh trduldtoslf ih ib `udb ib `fgf si dhkubd ih vdrf, bf qui prfvf`d qui ib bokdlihtf `fbdtirdb y bfs lós`ubfs ixtihsfris dpboquih uhd nuirzd gi dvubsoðh sfmri ib `ðhgobf bdtirdb.

▣

  Ih ib ilpuci ib  ilpuci bd  bd bisoðh si prfgucf db dpbo`dr uh olpd`tf sómotf sfmri bd pdbld gi bd ldhf loihtrds ib `fgf si ih`fhtrdmd nbixofhdgf.

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB @BDPONO@D@OÐH Mdsdgd Ih Bd IIxtihsoðh xtihsoðh Gib Wrdzf Gi Nrd`turd3 ▣

  Wopf O. Ib trdzf dtrdvois dtrdvoisdd ib hó`bif gi fsono`d`oðh fsono`d`oðh gib `ðhgobf bdtirdb.

▣

  Wopf OO. Bd nrd`turd ri`frri ri`frri adstd ib `ihtrf gi bd is`ftdgur is`ftdgurdd gi bd trð`bid

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB Gi D`uirgf Db Gispbdzdloihtf Gispbdzdloihtf,, Cdjfm Bds @bdsono`ð Ih Wris Istdgofs ▣

  Ih ib is istd tdgo gof f O bd nrd` nrd`tu turrd si ih ih`u `uih ihtr trdd prä` prä`to to`d `dli liht htii so soh h gispbdzdloih gispbdz tf ysibdih`uihtr supirno`oi dbtirdgd, dbtir dgd, gimogf qui bd dloihtf trð`bid trð`bid ih`u ihtrdd drto`ubdr ìhtikr ìhtikrd, d, hf hf istä ixost ixosti i gispbdz gisp bdzdlo dloiht ihtf fd bdtirdb gib fbï`rdhfh. . Ih isti `dsf bd sipdrd`oðh gib nrdklihtf gostdb is lihfr d = ll.

▣

  Ih ib istdgof istdgof OO bd nrd`turd nrd`turd si ixtoihgi ixtoihgi `flpbitdlihti `flpbitdlihti d trdvïs trdvïs gi bd supirno`oi drto`ubdr pirlotoihgf qui ib nrdklihtf prfxoldb si gispbd`i läs gi = ll, ih f`dsofhis, `fh uh gispbdzdloihtf gib fbï`rdhfh ih nfrld bdtirdb.

▣

  Ih ib is istd tdgo gof f OO OOOO ib nrdk nrdkli liht htf f rf rftd td y si gisp gispbd bdzd zd bd bdti tirrdb y prfxoldblihti, `dmizd gib rdgof. gdhgf pdsf d bd trdsbd`oðh, gib fbï`rdhfh y gi bd

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB W]DWDLOIHWF    Pi

custono custono`d `d pbihdlih pbihdlihti ti qui bds nrd`t nrd`turd urdss qui istäh istäh dlpbodl dlpbodliht ihtii

gispbdzdgds f rftdgds riquoirdh gi ldhicf quorórko`f.    Bd

`fht `fhtrf rfvir virsod sod si gd ih ib ldhi ldhicf cf gi bd bdss nr nrd` d`tur turds ds qui qui is istä täh h lìholdlihti gispbdzdgds puistf qui bd ohlfvobozd`oðh ohdgi`udgd gi bfs nrdklihtfs puigi trdir risubtdgfs ohsdtosnd`tfrofs gimogf d qui ih bfs gìds pfstirofris d bd bisoðh isti gispbdzdloihtf puigi dulihtdr.

   Ih

bds nrd`turds nrd`turds qui prisihtdh prisihtdh lihfs gi = ll gi gispbdzdloih gispbdzdloihtf tf f sid   istdgof OO,, si ri`floihgd ldhicdrbds `fbf`dhgf uh dpdrdtf gi sid yisf yisf mr mrdq dquo uopd pdbl bldr dr luy luy mo moih ih lfbg lfbgid idgf gf y ridb ridboz ozdr dr `f `fht htrf rfbi biss rdgofkräno`fs rdgofkrä no`fs `dgd 9 d ; gìds ih bds prolirds tris sildhds

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB    Ih

bds nrd`turds `fh läs gi = ll gi gispbdzdloihtf, pirf soh rftd`oðh,  rftd`oðh,   istdgof OO, OO, si gimi ridbozdr uhd nocd`oðh ohtirhd pir`utähid istdmbi pfstirofr d uhd rigu``oðh ldhu ld hudb db su suddvi y ad admo moih ihgf gf `f `frr rrfm fmfr frdg dgf f bd ri rist stot otu` u`oð oðh h dhd dhdtðlo tðlo`d `d pf pfrr ligo ligof f gi uh uhdd drtrfkrdnìd.

 

N]D@WY]DP @ÐHGOBF IQWI]HF F BD BDWI]DB WI]DB    Gimogf

d bd krdh `dhtogdg gi risubtdgfs ohsdt ohs dtos osnd nd`t `tfr frof ofss tdht tdhtf f is istï tïto` to`fs fs `f `flf lf

nuh`ofhdbis `fh bfs lïtfgfs gi rigu``oðh `irrdgd, gd, si ad d`iptdgf ridbo bozzdr bd ri rigu` gu``o `oðh ðh dmoir dmoirtd td ih bds nr nrd` d`tur turds ds `f `fh h gispbdzdloihtf ih istdgof OO ohistdmbis y ih tfgds bds nrd`turds `fh gispbdzdloihtf ih istdgof ih istdgof OOO. OOO.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB KIHI]DBOGDGIP 

FBI@]DHODHDP)

 Urisihtdh uhduh gostromu`oðh molfgdb3 ih cðvihis, `flf ri risub subtd tdgf gf gi tr trdu duld ldtos toslf lf gi db dbtd td bfs ih ihirk irkìd ìd y ih bf bfss dh`odhfs pfr uhd solpbi `dìgd.

  Bd

oh`ogih`od gi bds nrd`turds gib fbï`rdhfh ih bd pfmbd`oðh dgubtd is gi 44,9 pfr 455.555 pirsfhds y dôf.

   Pupfhih

gi uh 1% 1 % d uh 45% gi tfgds bds nrd`turds gib `fgf.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB LDHONIPWD@OFHIP @BOHO@DP

FBI@]DHODHDP)

  Bfs

pd`oihtis suibih d`ugor sucitähgfsi bd ixtrilogdg supirofr `fh bd ldhf `fhtrdbdtirdb `fhtrdbdtirdb y `fh ib `fgf ih silonbixoðh. silo nbixoðh.

   Bd Bd

oh`dp oh`dpd` d`ogd ogdg g pdrd pdrd ixtih ixtihgi girr ib `f `fgf gf gi nf nfrl rldd d`tov d`tovdd `f `fht htrd rd bd krdvigdg ohgo`d uhd gos`fhtohuogdg ih ib li`dhoslf gib trì`ips.



  puigi Gimi Gimi ridboz rid bozdrs drsi i uhd lit o`ubfsd fsdgib ivdbud` ivd bud`oðh oðh hiurfv hiurfvds` ubdrr pfrqui pfr admir uhd bisoðhlito`ub dsf`odgd hirvof `umotdb, ihds`ubd ispi`odb ispi`od b ihqui bds nrd`turds `fhlohutds prfgu`ogds pfr trduldtoslfs gi dbtd ihirkìd.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB GODKHÐPWO@F

FBI@]DHODHDP)

]DGOFK]DNOD3 DU _ BDWI]DB GIB @FGF ▣

  Ufh fhii gi ldh dhoono noiistf bd ixtih ihso soðh ðh gi bd nrd`turd, ib krdgf gi `fhlohu`oðh y ib krdgf gi `flprflosf gi bd supirno`oi drto`ubdr, dsì  `flf bd prisih`od f dusih`od gi gispbdzdloihtf gispbdzdloiht f gi bd `dmizd gib rdgof.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB

FBI@]DHODHDP)

@BDPONO@D@OÐH

Pikóh Bd @bdsono`d`oðh DF, Bds Nrd`turds Gib @umotf Urfxoldb Pi @fhsogirdh3   Wopf ▣  

D3 Ixtrddrto`ubdris D43 Ufr dvubsoðh gi bd ohsir`oðh gi tro`ips ▣   D=3 Litdnosodrod solpbi ▣   D03 Litdnosodrod lubtonrd`lihtdrod

  Wopf

M3 Drto`ubdris pdr`odbis Nrd`turd gib fbi`rdhfh fbi`rdhfh ▣   M43 Nrd`turd Nrd`turd gi bd dpðnosos `frfhfogis `frfhfogis ▣   M=3 Nrd`turd

  Wopf ▣

@3 Drto`ubdris tftdbis   @03 Nrd`turd Nrd`turd lubtopbi lubtopbi gi fbi`rdhfh fbi`rdhfh y dpðnosos dpðnosos `frfhfogis `frfhfogis

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB

FBI@]DHODHDP)

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB

FBI@]DHODHDP)

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB W]DWDLOIHWF   Wrdtdloihtf

FBI@]DHODHDP)

hf quorórko`f3

▣

  Pi risirvd pdrd bds nrd`turds nrd`turds hf gispbdzdgds y pdrd dbkuhds gispbdzdgds ih dh`odhfs `fh mdcd gildhgd nuh`ofhdb.

▣

  Lu`afs dutfris prfpfhih ohlfvobozdr ib mrdzf mrdzf `fh `fh uh yisf mrdquofpdbldr f ih uh `dmistrobbf, duhqui ih pd`oihtis `fbdmfrdgfris puigi utobozdrsi uhd nïrubd pfstirofr f uhd ðrtisos.

▣

  Gimih ridbozdrsi rdgofkrdnìds rdgofkrdnìds gi `fhtrfb `fhtrfb d bfs 9 d ; gìds gi oho`odr ib trdtdloihtf pdrd gis`drtdr uh gispbdzdloihtf gi bd nrd`turd nrd`turd.. Bd `fhsfbogd`oðh `fhsfbogd`oðh kihirdbliht kihirdblihtii hf si prfgu`i prfgu`i adstd pdsdgds > d 1 sildhds.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB GIB @YMOW @YMOWF U]FQOLDB U]FQOLDB

FBI@]DHODHDP)   Wrdtdloihtf

quorórko`f3 FMIHTYI

  Uïrgogd Uïrgogd gi `fhtohuogdg `fhtohuogdg gib li`dhoslf li`dhoslf ixtihsfr ixtihsfr (`udbquoir nrd`turd gispbdzdgd). ▣   Oh`fhkruih`od drto`ubdr ▣   Uuigi Uuigi us usdr drsi si uh fm fmih ihqu quii f mdhg mdhgdd gi ti tihs hsoð oðh h ih ib fbi`rdhfh, nocd`oðh ohtrdligubdr f pbd`ds f tfrhobbfs. ▣

MDHGD GI WIHPOFH

UBD@DP F WF]HOBBFP

NOCD@OFH OHW]DLIGYBD]

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]F U]FQOLDB QOLDB @DMISD GI KIHI]DBOGDGIP

]DGOF)

Istdss    Istd

nrd`tu nrd` turd rdss f` f`ur urri rih h `flf `flf `f `fhs hsi` i`ui uih` h`od od gi uhd uhd `d `dìg ìgdd dpfydhgf bd ldhf `fh ib `fgf `ir`dhf d bd ixtihsoðh y ih vdbkf, bf qui prfvf`d ib olpd`tf gi bd `dmizd rdgodb `fhtrd ib `ðhgobf aulirdb.

   Bds

bisofhis gi dbtd ihirkìd si prfgu`ih pfr uhd `dìgd gisgi

`oirtd dbturd f(`dmizd gurdhtirdgodb) bd prä`to`d gi d`tovogdgis d`tovog dgis gipfrtovds. ▣   Dgubtfs ▣   Hoôfs (`uibbf rdgodb, rdgodb, iponosofbosos)

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]FQ U]FQOLDB OLDB @DMISD LDHONIPWD@OFHIP @BOHO@DP    Bfs

GI ]DGOF)

pd`oih pd`oihtis tis kihird kihirdblih blihti ti prisih prisihtdh tdh bolotd bolotd`oð `oðh h gi bd

lfvobogdg gib `fgf y gib dhtimrdzf y gfbfr db ridbozdr bd rftd`oðh pdsovd gib dhtimrdzf. dhtimrdzf.    Uuigih

prisihtdr gfbfr d bd pdbpd`oðh bf`dbozdgf sfmri bd `dmizd gib rdgof, dsì `flf girrdli drto`ubdr ih ib `fgf.

   Ib

pd`oihti `fh nrd`turd gi bd `dmizd gib rdgof prisihtd pfso`oðh gi ginihsd, `fh ib `fgf pikdgf db `uirpf. ]inoiri gfbfr i olpftih`od nuh`ofhdb, qui dulihtd `fh bd prfhfsupohd`oðh y `fh bd `flprisoðh gori`td gi bd `dmizd gib rdgof.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]FQ U]FQOLDB OLDB @DMISD GODKHFPWO@F GODKHFP WO@F _ @BDPONO@D@OFH

GI ]DGOF)

  ]DGOFK]DNOD3 ixpbfrd`oðh, yd ▣   Is olpfrtdhti sfspi`adrbf `fh bd `bìho`d y bd ixpbfrd`oðh, ▣

qui lu`ads vi`is bd rdgofkrdnìd rdgofkrdnìd hf luistrd bd nrd`turd.   Pfbo`otdr Pfbo`otdr prfyi``ofhis prfyi``ofhis dhtirfpfs dhtirfpfstirofr tirofris is y bdtirdb bdtirdb istähgdr istähgdr gib gib `f `fgf gf,, `f `fh h prfy prfyi` i``o `ofh fhis is fm fmbobo`u `uds ds (prfyi` prfyi``oð `oðh h gi Kriihspdh)) pdrd ginohor `fh ldyfr pri`osoðh bd nrd`turd f ih Kriihspdh `dsf gi dbtd sfspi`ad gi nrd`turd, pirf soh sir ïstd ivogihti ih bds prfyi``ofhis dhtirfpfstirofr y bdtirdb.

@BDPONO@D@OÐH3    Wopf ▣

▣ ▣

D3 Nrd`turds Nrd`turds Ixtrdrto`ubdris

  D43 Nrd`turd Nrd`turd pfr dvubsoðh dvubsoðh gi bd tumirfsogdg tumirfsogdg mo`opotdb   D=3 Nrd`turd Nrd`turd solpbi gib `uibbf gib rdgof   D03 Nr Nrd`t d`turd urd lubtonr lubtonrdkl dkliht ihtdro drodd gib `uibbf `uibbf gib rdgof

   Wopf ▣ ▣

M3 Nrd`turds Nrd`turds Drto`ubdris pdr`odbis   M43 Nrd`turd solpbi   M03 Nrd`turd lubtonrdklihtdrod

   Wopf ▣ ▣

@3 Nrd`turds Nrd`turds Drto`ubdris `flpbitds

   @43 @03 Nrd`turd Nrd`turd Nrd`turd solpbi lubtonrdklihtdrod

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]FQ U]FQOLDB OLDB @DMISD

GI ]DGOF)

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]F U]FQOLDB QOLDB @DMISD GI ]DGOF)

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]FQ U]FQOLDB OLDB @DMISD W]DWDLOIHWF   Fmcitovfs ▣

GI ]DGOF)

gib trdtdloihtf

  @frrik @frrikor or `udbquo `udbquoir ir mbfquif mbfquif gi bd rftd`o rftd`oðh ðh gib dhtimrdzf. ▣   Fmtihir uh rdhkf rdhkf gi lfvobogdg lfvobogdg pri`fz gib `fgf `fgf y gib dhtimrdzf. dhtimrdzf. ▣   @fhsikuor bd istdmobogdg gib dhtimrdzf dhtimrdzf y gib `fgf. `fgf. ]igu`or or bd pfsomobogd pfsomobogdg g gi qui si prfguz prfguz`d `d uhd ▣   ]igu` drtrfsos aulirf`umotdb y `dpotibf-rdgodb, duhqui istd óbtold is pf`f nri`uihti

Wrdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f3 ▣

  Bd ldyfrìd ldyfrìd gisi bdsginrd`turds dosbdgds gi bd `dmizd `dmizd gib rdgof puigih trdtdrsi trdtdr nfrld `fhsirvdgfrd. ▣   Ib trdtdloihtf trdtdloihtf sohtfläto`f `fhsosti `fhsosti ih uh `dmistrobbf `fh oho`of pri`fz gi bd lfvobogdg, =7 a d 71 a gispuïs gi bd bisoðh, uhd viz ad `igogf ib gfbfr. gfbfr.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI ]DGOF U]FQ U]FQOLDB OLDB @DMISD    Wrdtdloihtf ▣

quorórko`f3

GI ]DGOF)

  Bd óho`d óho`d ohgo` ohgo`d` d`oð oðh h d` d`ipt iptdg dgdd pdrd pdrd ib tr trdt dtdl dloi oiht htf f quorórko`f quorórk o`f gi uhd nrd`tur nrd`turdd pdr`od pdr`odbb gispbdz gispbdzdgd dgd gi bd `dmizd gib rdgof is ib mbfquif gi bd lfvobogdg

▣

  Yhd ohgo`d`oðh ribdtovd is uh krdh nr nrdklihtf dklihtf (ldyfr (ldyfr gi = ll) qui hf mbfquid bd lfvobogdg.

 

N]D@WY]DPP GI BD N]D@WY]D BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF _ @ÓMOWF DHWIM]DSF)

IUOGILOFBFKÌD    Bds

nrd`turds nrd`turds gi dhtimrdzf sfh läs nri`uihtis nri`uihtis ih bfs aflmris qui ih bds luciris.

   Ib

pfr`ihtdci gi nrd`turds ixpuistds rispi`tf d `irrdgds is ldyfr ih ib dhtimrd dhtimrdzf zf qui ih `udbquoir ftrd rikoðh dhdtðlo`d, `fh ix`ip`oðh gi bd tomod.

LI@DHOPLF GI BIPOÐH   Istds

nrd`turds si dsf`odh `fh ldyfr nri`uih`od d trduldtoslfs gi dbtd ihirkìd (träno`f), duhqui nri`uihtilihti tdlmoïh si prfgu`ih pfr trduldtoslfs gori`tfs (`udhgf ib pd`oihti si prftiki bd `dmizd), airogds pfr drld gi nuikf y `dìgds gisgi uhd dbturd f ridbozdhgf gipfrti.

   Bds

nrd`turds nrd`turds pdtfbðko`ds ih istd zfhd sfh pf`f admotudbis.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF _ GODKHÐPWO@F

@ÓMOWF DHWIM]DSF) Ivdbud`oðh @bìho`d

 

Ivdbud`oðh Ufr Oläkihis

   Bfs Bfs

   Pfbo`otdr

  Is

  Bd

  Bd

   Bd

pd`oih pd`oihti tiss d` d`ug ugih, ih, gi nf nfrl rldd `d `drd rd`t `tirì irìst sto` o`d, d, `f `fh h uhd uhd ginfrlogdg ivogihti gib dhtimrdzf dni`tdgf, gfbfr, dulihtf gi vfbulih y pïrgogd nuh`ofhdb ih bd ldhf y ib dhtimrdzf.

isih`odb ridbozdr uhd `uogdgfsd ivdbud`oðh hiurfvds`ubdr, vdbfrdhgf ib pubsf rdgodb y `umotdb, dsì `flf bd nuh`oðh gi bfs hirvofs ligodhf, rdgodb y `umotdb. prisih`od gi uh gfbfr ohsfpfrtdmbi y `fhtohuf, ib dulihtf gi bd tihsoðh ih bfs `flpdrtolihtfs gib dhtimrdzf f ib gfbfr `fh ib istordloihtf pdsovf gi bfs gigfs gimi ad`ir sfspi`adr uh sìhgrfli `flpdrtolihtdb istdmbi`ogf f ohlohihti.

prfyi``ofhis dhtirfpfstirofr y bdtirdb gib dhtimrdzf y ih `dsf hi`isdrof fmbo`uds, pdrd ginohor licfr bd nrd`turd. nrd`turd.

ivdbud`oðh rdgofbðko`d gimi oh`buor bd luôi`d y ib `fgf `fgf opsobd opsobdtir tirdbis dbis pdrd pdrd gis`dr gis`drtd tdrr nrd`tur nrd`turds ds f buxd`ofhis dsf`odgds. `d `dmi mizd zd gib gib rd rdgof gof gimi gimi is istd tdrr db dbohi ohidg dgdd `f `fh h ib `ðhgobf ih tfgds bds prfyi``ofhis.

 

N]D ]D@W @WY Y]DP GI BD GO NO NOPO POPP GIB GIB ]D ]DG GOF _ @ MO MOWWF DHWIM]DSF)

 

N]D@WY]DP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF _ W]DWDLOIHWF

@ÓMOWF DHWIM]DSF)

  Wrdtdloihtf ▣

hf quorórko`f   Bfs rdrfs `dsfs `dsfs gi nrd`turd hf gispbdzdgd gib `ómotf y gib rdgof puigih trdtdrsi `fh uh yisf mrdquofpdbldr yd sid lfbgidgf ih rftd`oðh hiutrd `fh ib `fgf ih ?5µ gi nbixoðh.

   Wrdtdloihtf ▣

quorórko`f   Uuistf Uuistf qui ib dhtimr dhtimrdzf dzf puigi puigi `fhsog `fhsogir irdrs drsii `flf `flf uhd "drto`u "drto`ubd` bd`oðh" oðh",, ih`drk ih`drkdgd dgd gi uh lfvoloi lfvoloihtf htf,, bd rigu``oðh dmoirtd `fh nocd`oðh ohtirhd is ib prf`igoloihtf gi ibi``oðh pdrd bds nrd`turds gispbdzdgds gib dhtimrdzf qui dni`tdh db rdgof y db `ómotf ih ib dgubtf.

▣

  Ih bds nrd`turds nrd`turds dkugds gimi `fhsogirdr `fhsogirdrsi si bd utobozd`oðh utobozd`oðh gi ohcirtf ðsif so ady uhd olpfrtdhti olpfrtdhti `fhlohu`oðh `fhlohu`oðh f pïrgogd ðsid.

▣

  Bds nrd`turds nrd`turds ixpuistds puigih trdtdrsi trdtdrsi ligodhti rigu``oðh dmoirtd proldrod y nocd`oðh ohtirhd gispuïs gi uh gismrogdloihtf dgi`udgf, d hf sir qui si trdti gi nrd`turds ixpuistds krdvis. krdvis.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF _

@ÓMOWF DHWIM]DSF)

 

N]D@WY]DP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP KIHI]DBOGDGIP

GIB ]DGOF

   Bds Bds

nr nrd` d`tur turds ds gi bfs bfs gfs gfs ti tir` r`of ofss prfx prfxold oldbis bis gib gib rd rdgof gof,, so soh h bisof bisofhi hiss dsf`odgds, gimih `fhsogirdrsi `flf nrd`turds virgdgirdlihti virgdgirdlihti dosbdgds. dosb dgds.

   Poh

ilmdrkf, ilmdrkf, bds nrd`turds nrd`turds gib rdgof qui dn dni`tdh i`tdh db tir`of gostdb gostdb olpbo`dh olpbo`dh bd bisoðh gi bd drto`ubd`oðh drto`ubd`oðh rdgof`umotd rdgof`umotdbb gostdb gostdb adstd qui si giluistri bf `fhtrdrof.

   Yhd  Yhd   buxfnrd`turd

gi Kdbidzzo `fhsosti Kdbidzzo  `fhsosti ih uhd nrd`turd gi bd goänosos gib rdgof, ih bd uhoðh gi bfs tir`ofs ligof y gostdb, dsf`odgd d uhd bisoðh gi bd drto`ubd`oðh rdgof`umotdb gostdb.

 

N]D@WY]DP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP LI@DHOPLF GI BIPOÐH

GIB ]DGOF

  Bds

nrd`turds gi bd goänosos gib rdgof puigih prfgu`orsi pfr uh trduldtoslf gori`tf f ohgori`tf, `flf uhd `dìgd sfmri bd ldhf ih ixtihsoðh.

   Bds

buxfnr buxfnrd`t d`turd urdss gi Kdbidzzo Kdbidzzo puigih puigih prfgu`o prfgu`orsi rsi pfr uh trduld trd uldtosl toslf f gori`t gori`tf f sfmri sfmri bd luôi`d luôi`d,, tìpo`dl tìpo`dliht ihtii ih su pdrti pfr uhd `dìgd sfmri bd ldhf ixtihgogd `fh ib gfrsfbdtirdb, dhtimrdzf ih fprfhd`oðh.

   Bds

buxfnrd`turds gi Kdbidzzo ohvirtogds puigih prfgu`orsi pfr uhd `dìgd sfmri bd ldhf ih ixtihsoðh `fh ib dhtimrdzf ih supohd`oðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF

GODKHÐPWO@F Ivdbud`oðh @bìho`d 

  BBdd nfrl nfrldd gi pris prisih ihtd td`o `oðh ðh gi gibb pd`o pd`oih ihti ti is vdrodmbi. Puibi admir gfbfr, dulihtf gi vfbulih y gfbfr d bd pdbpd`oðh pdbp d`oðh sfmri ib nf`f gi nrd`turd. nrd`turd.

 

Ivdbud`oðh Ufr Oläkihis

   Pf Pfbobo`o `otd tdrr

pr prfy fyi` i``o `ofh fhis is dhti dhtirf rfpf pfst stir irof ofrr dhtimrdzf,, ib `fgf y bd luôi`d. dhtimrdzf

Bfss    Bf 

  Bds Bds buxfn buxfnrd rd`tu `turd rdss gi Kdbid Kdbidzzo zzo ki kihi hird rdbl blih ihti ti prfgu`ih gfbfr gi luôi`d f ih bd bìhid ligod gib dhtimrdzf, qui dulihtd db prisofhdr sfmri bd drto`ubd`oðh rdgof`umotdb gostdb dgiläs gi sfmri bd goänosos gib rdgof.



  Bd bisoðh hiurfvds`ubdr hiurfvds`ubdr is rdrd. rdrd.

y

bd bdti tirrdb

gi gibb

sokhf sokhfss rd rdgof gofbðk bðko`f o`fss gi bd bisoð bisoðh h gi bd dr drto` to`ubd ubd`o `oðh ðh rdgof`umotdb gostdb sfh3 dpðnosos istobfogis gib `ómotf. ▣   Nrd`turd gi bd mdsi gi bd dpðnosos Ihsdh`adloihtf tf gi bd drto`ubd`oðh drto`ubd`oðh rdgof`umotdb rdgof`umotdb gostdb gostdb ▣   Ihsdh`adloih ih bd prfyi``oðh dhtirfpfstirofr. ▣   Pumbuxd`oðh gib `ómotf ih bd prfyi``oðh prfyi``oðh bdtirdb. bdtirdb. ▣   D`frtdloihtf gib rdgof ldyfr ldyfr gi 9 ll.

 

@BDPONO@D@OFH DF

 

N]D@WY]DP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP W]DWDLOIHWF

GIB ]DGOF    Nrd`turds ▣

gib rdgof rdgof prfxoldb   Bds nrd`turds nrd`turds hf gispbdzdgds puigih trdtdrsi trdtdrsi `fh uh yisf mrdquofpdbld mrdquofpdbldrr. Bd pïrgogd gi bd `urvdturd gib rdgof isibuhd pdrd bd rigu``oðh dmoirtd `fh nocd`oðh ohtirhd. Gimi ldhtihirsi yisfohgo`d`oðh adstd fmtihir ivogih`od rdgofbðko`d gi qui si ad bfkrdgf bd `fhsfbogd`oðh.

▣

  Bds nrd`turds nrd`turds gispbdzdgd gispbdzdgdss si trdtdh trdtdh licfr `fh rigu``oðh rigu``oðh dmoirtd y nocd`oðh `fh uhd pbd`d gohälo`d gi `flprisoðh gi 0,9 ll.

  Buxfnrd`turds ▣

▣

gi Kdbidzzo   Ib trdtdloihtf trdtdloihtf gi ibi``oðh is bd rigu``oðh rigu``oðh dmoirtd `fh nocd`oðh ohtirhd, ohtirhd, puis ib trdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f si dsf`od d uhd dbtd tdsd gi nrd`dsfs.

  Bd nocd`oðh `fh `fh pbd`ds y tfrhobbfs tfrhobbfs is ib trdtdloihtf trdtdloihtf gi ibi``oðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP DOPBDGDP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB ]DGOF ]DGOF

 

N]D@WY]D DOPBDGDP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB KIHI]DBOGDGIP

@ÓMOWF

  Oh`buyih

bds nrd`turds pfr mdstfhdzf y bds buxfnrd`turds gi Lfhtikkod, dsì `flf bds nrd`turds pfr istrïs ih gipfrtostds.

  Yhd

bisoðh gi Lfhtikkod `fhsosti ih uhd nrd`turd gib `ómotf prfxol prf xoldb db d`flpd d`flpdôdg ôdgdd gi uhd buxd`o buxd`oðh ðh gi bd `d `dmiz mizdd gib rdgof.

  Bd

nrd`turd pfr mdstfhdzf si prfgu`i pfr uh trduldtoslf gori`tf sfmri ib `ómotf ih su mfrgi sum`utähif, tìpo`dlihti `udhgf bd vì`told ohtihtd prftikir su `dmizd gurdhti uhd dkrisoðh.

 

N]D@WY]D DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB @ÓMOWF

GODKHÐPWO@F Ivdbud`oðh @bìho`d

 

   Ufr

mdstfhdzf3 ohnbdld`oðh bf`db, gfbfr ispfhtähif y d bd pdbpd`oðh y dmrdsofhis vdrodmbis ih bd zfhd gib trduldtoslf.

   Bfs

pd`oihtis pd`oihtis `fh buxfnrd`t buxfnrd`turds urds gi Lfhtikkod Lfhtikkod prisihtdh prisihtdh ohnbdld`oðh gib `fgf, ginfrlogdg, `ripotd`oðh y gfbfr `fh bd

lfvobozd`oðh lfvoboz d`oðh gib `fgf, `fgf, ispi`odblihti ispi`odblihti `fh bd supohd`oðh supohd`oðh y bd prfhd`oðh.    Ivdbud`oðh

hiurfvds`ubdr.

Ivdbud`oðh Ufr Oläkihis    Pfh

hi`isdrods bds prfyi``ofhis dhtirfpfstirofr y bdtirdb gib dhtimrdzf (gi nfrld dg dgo` o`of ofh hdb, puig puigiih sfbo` o`ootdrsi prfyi``ofhis gi luôi`d y gi `fgf).

  Bds

Nx. prfyi``ofhis fmbo`uds dyugdh d ginohor bd

 

@BDPONO@D@OÐH DF

 

N]D@WY]D DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB W]DWDLOIHWF   Nrd`turds

@ÓMOWF godnosdrods dosbdgds (‒nrd`turds pfr mdstfhdzf“)

▣

  Bds nrd`tur nrd`turds ds gib `ómotf `ómotf hf gispbdz gispbdzdgd dgdss f lìholdl lìholdliht ihtii gispbdz gispbdzdgd dgdss puigih puigih trdtdr trdtdrsi si ligodhti ohlfvobozd`oðh gurdhti ; d 45 gìds. Ih nuh`oðh gi bfs sìhtflds gib pd`oihti, is pfsombi `fhtohudr `fhtohudr ib trdtdloih trdtdloihtf tf `fh uhd ðrtisos ðrtisos nuh`ofhdb nuh`ofhdb gurdhti gurdhti 1 sildhds sildhds `fh icir`o`ofs d`tovfs gi rdhkf gi lfvobogdg gib `fgf, bd luôi`d y bd ldhf, f `fh uhd solpbi ohlfvobozd`oðh ih uh `dmistrobbf `fh uh vihgdci `flprisovf.

▣

  Bds nrd`turds nrd`turds gispbdzdgds gispbdzdgds puigih trdtdrsi trdtdrsi `fh rigu``oðh rigu``oðh dmoirtd y nocd`oðh ohtirhd utobozd utobozdhgf hgf uhd pbd`d gi `flprisoðh gohälo`d gi 0,9 ll.

 

N]D@WY]D DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GIB @ÓMOWF   Buxfnrd`turds

gi Lfhtikkod

▣

  Bd rigu``oðh `irrdgd y bd ohl ohlfvobozd`oðh fvobozd`oðh gi bds bux buxfnrd`turds fnrd`turds gi Lf Lfhtikkod htikkod gimi risirvdrsi óho`dlihti pdrd bd pfmbd`oðh pigoätro`d.

▣

 Bds buxfnrd`turds gi Lfhtikkod hi`isotdh trdtdloihtf quorórko`f, rigu``oðh dmoirtd y nocd`oðh ohtirhd gi bd goänosos gib `ómotf `fh uhd pbd`d gi `flprisoðh.

▣

  Ih ib pfstfpird pfstfpirdtfrof tfrof si `fbf`d uhd nïru nïrubd bd pfstirofr gi `fgf gur gurdhti dhti 9 d ; gìds.

▣

  @ud @udhgf hgf bd nocd`o nocd`oðh ðh is is istdm tdmbi, bi, pui puigi gi oho oho`od `odrs rsii bd nos nosoft oftir irdpo dpodd `fh `fh ic icir ir`o` `o`ofs ofs d`tovfs gi nbixoðh-ix nbixoðh-ixtihsoðh tihsoðh y supohd`oðh-prfhd`oð supohd`oðh-prfhd`oðh h

 

N]D@WY]D DOPBDGDP DOPBDGDP GI BD GOÄNOPOP GOÄNOPOP GIB @ÓMOWF

 

N]D@WY]D N]D@WY ]D IH WDBBF ^I]GI    Is

uhd nrd`turd oh`flpbitd. oh`flpbitd.

Pi    Pi

bf`d bf`dbobozd zd ih au auis isfs fs `f `fh h goän goänos osos os no nohd hds, s, `f `flf lf bf bfss gi gibb dhtimrdzf f bd `bdvì`ubd y, lihfs nri`uihtilihti, ih tomod f nïlur.

  Pi

prfgu`ih pfr nuirzds qui ohtihtdh dhkubdr ib auisf pfr uh li`dhoslf gi nbixoðh f tfrsoðh.

   Po Po

db ohtih ohtihtd tdrr nb nbix ixof ofhd hdrr ib auisf auisf,, ri risub subtd td uh ndb dbbf bf ih bd risostih`od ðsid d bd tihsoðh, si rflpi ib pirofstof y bd `frt `frtiz izdd ðs ðsid id ih ib bd bdgf gf `f `fhv hvix ixf f, loiht loihtrd rdss qui, qui, ih bd `fh`dvogdg, ib pirofstof si gisprihgi soh bbikdr d rflpirsi.

   Pi

prfg prfgu` u`ih ih `f `flf lf `fhs `fhsi` i`ui uih` h`od od gi uh uhdd `dì dìgd gd f uh d``ogihti bivi.

 

N]D@WY]DP TYI TYI DNI@WDH DNI@WDH DB @D]WÌBDKF @D]WÌBDKF GI @]I@OLOIHWF

▣

  Wopf O3 ib `drtìbdkf gi `ri`oloihtf y bd ip ipìn ìnos osos os si si sipd pdrrdh ih mb mbf fqui qui gi bd litänosos (49,>%).

▣

  Wopf OO3 bd ipìnosos drrdstr drrdstrdd uh nrdklihtf nrdklihtf trodhkubdr gi bd litänosos (9?,=%).

▣

  Wopf OOO3 bd nrd`turd nrd`turd trdhs`urri trdhs`urri d trdvïs trdvïs gi bd ipìnosos y nosos y si sipdrd gi bd litänosos soh bisofhdrbd (44%).

▣

  Wo Wopf pf O^ O^33 is uhd uhd nr nrd` d`tu turrd d tr trddvïs vïs gi ipìnosos, nosos y litänosos (1,>%).

▣

  bd Wopf ^3soh isnrd`turd uhd bisoðh pfr `flprisoðh `flprisoðh gi nosos^3 (5,0%).

 

N]D@WY]DP TYI DNI@WDH DB @D]WÌBDKF GI @]I@OLOIHWF GODKHFPWO@F

W]DWDLOIHWF

Is nuhgdlihtd nuhgdlihtdbb ridbozdr ridbozdr uhd dgi`udgd dgi`udgd vdbfrd`oðh vdbfrd`oðh gib pd`oihti, `flpbitd y litðgo`d, gisgi bf kihirdb d bf `fh`ritf. Wrds bd dhdlhisos y bd ixpbfrd`oðh nìso`d, si sfbo`otdräh pruimds `flpbilihtdrods, so si pri`osdh, pdrd `flpbitdr ib godkhðsto`f gi sfspi`ad

Bf Bfss pd pdsf sfss nu nuhg hgdl dlih ihtd tdbi biss ih ib tr trddtd tdlo loih ihtf tf gi bd bdss nr nrd` d`tur turds ds sf sfh3 h3 bd ri rigu` gu``oð `oðh, h, so is istä tä gisp gispbd bdzd zdgd, gd, y bd ohlfvobozd`oðh. Bfs fmcitovfs sfh3 ib dbovof gib gfbfr, uhd `fhsfbogd`oðh `frri`td y ivotdr pfsombis `flpbo`d`ofhis.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB IUOGILOFBFKÌD _ KIHI]DBOGDG KIHI]DBOGDGIP IP

]DGOF

 Läs

nri`uihtis gi bd ixtrilogdg supirofr.  Bfs nd`tfris gi roiskf3 dh`odhfs i oh`buyih bd goslohu`oðh gi bd gihsogdg lohirdb ðsid, ib sixf nilihohf, bd rdzd mbdh`d, bfs dhti`igihtis ndlobodris y bd lihfpdusod pri`fz.

LI@DHOPLF GI BIPOÐH    Läs Läs

nri` nri`ui uiht htii is uh uhdd `d `dìg ìgdd sf sfmr mrii bd ldhf ldhf ih ixtihsoðh `fh bd luôi`d ih gfrsonbixoðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB ]DGOF

GODKHÐPWO@F Ivdbud`oðh @bìho`d

 

Ivdbud`oðh Ufr Oläkihis



  Ginfrlogdg vdrodmbi gi bd luôi`d, `fh uh gispbdzdloihtf gi bd ldhf `fh rispi`tf d ibbd. Bd luôi`d ohnbdldgd, `fh iquolfsos y gfbfr d bd pdbpd`oðh y d bd lfvobogdg.

  ]dgofkrdnìds



  Ivdbudr Ivdbudr ib `fgf y ib aflmrf opsobdtirdbis opsobdtirdbis pdrd gis`drtdr gis`drtdr bd

   Bfs

prisih`od gi bisofhis dsf`odgds. 

  Ivdbud`oðh hiurfvds`ubdr, hiurfvds`ubdr, hirvof ligodhf. Bfs sìhtflds gi `flprisoðh gib tóhib gib `drpf.

pfstirfdhtirofr y bdtirdb gi bd luôi`d y so is hi`isdrof fmbo`ud pdrd ginohor licfr bd nrd`turd. nrd`turd. sìhtflds ih ib aflmrf f ib `fgf

gimih ivdbudrsi ligodhti ligo dhti rdgofkrdnìd. rdgofkrdnìd.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB ]DGOF

N]D@WY]D GI @FBBIP 

  ohtrddrto`ubdris Oh`b Oh`buy uyii bds bds gib nr nrdd`tur `trdgof urds ds `fh tdh dht tf ixt xtr rdd ddrt rto` o`ub ubdr dris is `flf govirsfs krdgfs gi dhkubd`oðh gf gfrrsd sdb, b, gi gisp spbd bdzzdlo loih ihttf d`frtdloihtf rdgodb.

  @bìho`dlihti,

gf gfrrsd sdb, b,

tr trddsb sbdd`oðh `oðh

rdg dgod odbb

y

"ih gfrsf gi tihigfr". @dìgd sfmri bd ldhf ih aopirixtihsoðh y gisvod`oðh rdgodb, `fh ib dhtimrdzf ih prfhd`oðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB ]DGOF

OH^I]WOGD) N]D@WY]D GI PLOWA (N]D@WY]D GI @FBBIP OH^I]WOGD)    Nrd`turd

`fh dhkubd`oðh vfbdr (vïrto`i gfrsdb) gib rdgof gostdb `fh uhd uhd ginfrlog ogdg dg "ih pdbd pdbd gi cd cdrrgoh ohiirf", `fh gispbdzdloi gispbd zdloihtf htf vfbdr gi bd ldhf y gib nrdklihtf nrdklihtf gostdb gib rdgof.

   @dìgd

sfmri bd ldhf `fh bd luôi`d ih nbixoðh y ib dhtimrdzf

nocf ih supohd`oðh.

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB N]D@WY]D GI MD]WFH

]DGOF

   Nr Nrd` d`tur turdd

buxd` buxd`oð oðh h dhti dhtirof rofrr, `f `fh h gisp gispri rihgo hgoloi loiht htf f gi nrdklihtf drto`ubdr gib rdgof qui si gispbdzd `fh ib `drpf d pdbldr y prfxoldb.

AYW@AOHPFH OHPFH N]D@WY]D GI AYW@A    @flprisoðh

gib is`dnfogis is`dnfogis sfmri bd dpðnosos istobfogis `fh bd luôi`d ih gfrsonbixoðh y gisvod`oðh `umotdb.

   Nrd`turd

gib `afnir `afnir

 

N]D@WY]DP GIB IQW]ILF GOPWDB GIB W]DWDLOIHWF

]DGOF  

Wrdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f Wrdtdloihtf   Wfgds bds Nx gispbdzdgds gimih rigu`orsi gi nfrld `irrdgd, oh`b oh`bus usf f du duhq hqui ui si `fh fhso sogi giri ri qui qui si sirrä hi hi`i `isd sdro rof f ib trdtdloihtf quorórko`f.    Bd

rigu rigu`` ``oð oðh h gi bd Nx dyug dyugdd d ri rigu gu`o `orr bd ohnb ohnbdl dld` d`oð oðh h pfstirofr pfstir ofr,, goslohuy goslohuyii ib gfbfr gfbfr y dbovod dbovod bd `f `flpr lprisoð isoðh h gib hirvof ligodhf.

Wrdtdloihtf Wrd tdloihtf quoró quorórko`f rko`f   Bisofhis

gi dbtd ihirkìd.   Uïrgogd si`uhgdrod gi bd rigu``oðh. drto`ubdr.    @fhlohu`oðh, is`dbðh f dpirturd drto`ubdr.   @fhlohu`oðh litdnosdrod f pïrgogd ðsid.    Uïrgogd gi dpfyf vfbdr `fh gispbdzdloihtf.   Oh`fhkruih`od gi bd drto`ubd`oðh rdgof`umotdb gostdb.   Nrd`turds ixpuistds.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI AÓLI]F Bd oh`ogih`od dprfxoldgd gi bds nrd`turds gib `drpf is3 •

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Is`dnfogis (>1,=%). Is`dnfogis Uordlogdb (41,0%). Wrdpi`of (7,0%). Pilobuhdr (0,?%). Krdhgi (4,?%). Kdh`afsf (4,;%). Uosonfrli (4,0%).

•

Wrdpizfogi (5,7%).

 

N]D@WY]DP GI AÓLI]F •

  Woihi tris rikofhis ``fh fh hflmri, qui oh`buyih ib pfbf prfxoldb, ib pfbf gostdb (tumïr`ubf) y bd `ohturd, qui sipdrd bfs gfs pfbfs. Läs gib 15 pfr `oihtf gi su supirno`oi istä `umoirtd gi `drtìbdkf drto`ubdr.

 

N]D@WY]DP GI AÓLI]F •

•

Orrokd`oðh gib is`dnfogis  Bd rdld `drpodhd pdbldr y gfrsdb gi bd drtirod rdgodb orrokd ib is`dnfogis d trdvïs gostdb gib auisfgi y buikf prf`igi db pfbf prfxoldb. Ufrgib bfpfbf tdhtf, ib sulohostrf sdhkri db pfbf prfxoldb is tihui y puigi sir ohtirrulpogf pfr uhd nrd`turd (pdrto`ubdrlihti ih bd `ohturd f ib ixtrilf prfxoldb), bf qui dulihtd ib roiskf gi hf uhoðh y fstifhi`rfsos.

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 Bd `bdsono`d `bdsono`d`oðh pfr umo`d`oðh3 läs `flóh tir`of gigostdb bds nrd`turds (pfbf gostdb), gi is`dnfogis tir`of bds `ihtrdb (`ohturd) y tir`of prfxoldb (pfbf prfxoldb) . Dprfxoldgdlihti ib >9 pfr `oihtf gi bds nrd`turds gi is`dnfogis f`urrih ih bd `ohturd, ib 49 pfr `oihtf ih ib pfbf prfxoldb, ib 45 pfr `oihtf ih ib `uirpf gostdb y ib 1 pfr

`oihtf ih pdbldr gostdb) bd tumirfsogdg (uhd prftumirdh`od ih ib dspi`tf

 

N]D@WY]DP GI AÓLI]F •

Ib li`dhoslf läs nri`uihti is uhd `dìgd `fhuhd bd ldhf ixtihgogd, bf qui f`dsofhd nuirzd gi `flprisoðh dxodb `fh bd luôi`d ih aopirixt aopirixtihsoðh. ihsoðh.

 

IUOGILOFBFKÌD3 95% d 15% gi bds bisofhis gib `drpf. LI@DHOPLF GI BIPOÐH •

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@dìgd `fh bd nuirzd ldhf ih qui olpfhi uhd gi ixtihsoðh gfrsonbixo gfrsonbixoðh, ðh, gisvod`oðh `umotdb y supohd`oðh

ohtir`drpodhd.  

GODKHÐPWO@F GI PFPUI@AD Gfbfr gi luôi`d y dulihtf gi vfbulih, `fh gfbfr d bd pdbpd`oðh ih bd tdmdquird dhdtðlo`d, dhdtðlo`d, sfmri ib is`dnfogis is`dnfogis.. Bd aoh`adzðh puigi f hf sir hftdmbi, pirf so istä prisihti, kihirdblihti istä istä ih ib dspi`tf gfrsfrdgodb gi bd luôi`d. •

 Ib rdhkfqui gi adyd lfvoloihtf puigi rigu`orsi sfbf`fh`flotdhti. bokirdlihti, lihfs uhd gosbf`d`oðh gi nrd`turd `fh` flotdhti.dBd nuirzd gi dkdrri kihirdblihti si rigu`i.

 

YMO@D@OÐH GI BD WDMDTYI]D DHDWFLO@D

Bd tdmdquird dhdtðlo`d si ih`uihtrd prfxoldb prfxoldb d bd mdsi gib pubkdr ihtri ib tihgðh ixtihs ixtihsfr fr bdrkf gib pubkdr ligodblihti y ib tihgðh ixtihsfr ixtihsfr `frtf gib pubkdr y bfs tihgfhis dmgu`tfris dmgu`tfris bdrkfs bdtirdblih bdtirdblihti. ti. Yhd nrd`turd gi bd `ohturd is`dnfogis d lihugf si ldhonoistd `flf sihsomobogdg ih istd rikoðh .  

UDBUD@OFH GIB IP@DNFOGIP

 

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Pi gimih fmtihir rdgofkrdnìds solpbis ohligodtdlihti gispuïs gi bd bisoðh, pirf is pfsombi qui hf rivibih ivogih`od gi nrd`turd.   Ib trdt trdtdloihtf dloihtf gi pd`oihtis `fh rrdgofkrdnìds dgofkrdnìds oho`o oho`odbis dbis hikdtovds, pirf bd prif`upd`oðh pfr bd nrd`turd gi is`dnfogis mdsdgd ih adbbdzkfs `bìho`fs `fhsosti ih oläkihis dvdhzdgds so si hi`isotd uh godkhðsto`f ohligodtf (WIL (WIL f bd risfhdh`od ldkhïto`d bd läs pri`osd) ,   F ohlfvobozd`oðh y ripito`oðh gi oläkihis rdgofk rdgofkrdnìds rdnìds solpbis (gispuïs gi ; d 45 gìds). ]ivosi bds rdgofkrd rdgofkrdnìds nìds `uogdgfsdlihti pdr pdrdd giti`tdr bisofhis `fh`flotdhtis gib bokdlihtf is`dnfbuhdr.

 

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 Gihtrf gi bds gfs d sios sildhds pfstirofris d bd bisoðh, bds

rdgofkrdnìds toihih uhd gi `dpd`ogdg giti`tdr nrd`turds gi solpbis is`dnfogis. Bd tdsd ndbsfs hikdtovfs hibolotdgd kdtovfs pdrd pdrd bds rdgofkrdnìds tfldgds pf`f gispuïs gi bd bisoðh is gib =5 db 97 pfr `oihtf i oh`busf bds rdgofkrdnìds gi sios sildhds toihih uhd pri`osoðh bolotdgd (dbrigigfr 99 pfr `oihtf) . Bds nrd`turds fmbo`uds gi bd pfr`oðh ligod gib `uirpf gib is`dnfogis puigih sir pdrto`ubdrlihti gonì`obis gi giti`tdr ih rdgofkrdnìds solpbis y, so hf si giti`tdh, puigih gdr bukdr d ldbfs risubtdgfs.

 

Yhd vostd DU gi bd luôi`d (D) luistrd uhd nrd`turd trdhsvirsdb d trdvïs gib trdhsvirsdb tir`of gostdb gib is`dnfogis is`dnfogis giri`af (nbi`ad). Bd oldkih M is uhd vostd dlpbodgd y luistrd uhd nrd`turd trdhsvirsdb gi dpdroih`od solpbi (nbi`ad). Bd oldkih @ is uhd ri`fhstru``oðh `frfhdb gi bd luôi`d y luistrd uhd nrd`turd `fhlohutd (nbi`ad). Bd oldkih G is uhd vostd dlpbodgd y `fhnorld bd nrd`turd `fhlohutd (nbi`ad), `fh `flpfhihtis

dhdtðlo`dlihti dbohidgfs.

 

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  @udhgf hf si puigi gitirlohdr uh godkhðsto`f ginohotovf ginohotovf ih ib lflihtf gi bd prisihtd`oðh y si sfspi`ad uhd nrd`turd gi is`dnfogis is`dnfogis pfr rdzfhis `bìho`ds, oh`busf so bds rdgofkr rdgofkrdnìds dnìds sfh hikdtovds, hikdtovds, ib pd`oihti gimi `fbf`drsi ih uhd nïrubd gi luôi`d pdbldr f, prinirombilihti, prinirombilihti, ih uhd nïrubd ispo`d pdrd pubkdr f yisf adstd fmtihir uhd oldkih ginohotovd istugof si puigi ridbozdr .   Po bi prif`upd bd aoh`adzðh, ib yisf si pu puigi igi movdbvdr (is gi`or, gi`or, `frtdr bfhkotugohdblihti ih bdgfs fpuistfs) y ihvfbvir `fh uhd vihgd ibästo`d.   Udrd bd ldyf ldyfrìd rìd gi bfs pd`oihtis, ib gfbfr si ldhicd dgi`udgdlihti `fh dhdbkïso`fs gi vihtd bomri. Bds prif`upd`ofhis sfmri bfs ini`tfs gi bfs ligo`dlihtfs dhtoohnbdldtfrofs dhtoohnbdldtfrofs hf istirfogifs ih bd `urd`oðh gi nrd`turds si rivosdh pfr sipdrdgf

 

W]DWDLOIHWF Wrdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f3 Ohgo`d`ofhis gi trdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f3 Nrd`turds Nrd`tur ds gib tir`of gostdb hf gispbdzdgds. Nrd`turds gi bd tumirfsogdg. _isf mrdquofpdb mrdquofpdbldr ldr oh`buyihgf ib pubk pubkdr dr gurdhti gurdhti > sildhds: bolotd bd rftd`oðh gib dhtimrdzf. Ohlfvobozd`oðh ih bokird nbixoðh y gisvod`oðh rdgodb. Pustotu`oðh pfr pfr uh yisf yisf dhtimr dhtimrdquofpdbldr dquofpdbldr d bds > sildhds, qui si ldhtoihi adstd bd `fhsfbogd`oðh. Woilpf dprfxoldgf gi `fhsfbogd`oðh3 •

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Wir`of gostdb3 > d 1 sildhds. Wir`of ligof3 1 d 4= sildhds.

 

W]DWDLOIHWF Ohgo`d`ofhis pdrd rinir rinirih`od ih`od quorórko`d3  Bds nrd`turds dmoirtds y bds dsf`odgds `fh `flprflosf hiurfvds`ubdr riquoirih `fhsubtd quorórko`d gi ilirkih`od (is gi`or gi`or,, ohligodtd). Bds ohgo`d`ofhis pdrd bd girovd`oðh d uh `orucdhf gi ldhf gihtrf gi vdrofs gìds •

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oh`buyih3   ◆Nrd`turds gib pfbf prfxoldb   ◆Nrd`turds gispbdzdgds läs gi 4 ll   ◆Bd nrd`turd gi `ohturd hf gispbdzdgd `udhgf ib rikrisf tilprdhf db

trdmdcf is olpfrtdhti pdrd ib pd`oihti gospuistf d sflitirsi s flitirsi d `orukìd   ◆Urisihtd`oðh ritrdsdgd gi nrd`turds dkugds (läs gi dprfxoldgdlihti

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tris sildhds)   ◆Nrd`turds dsf`odgds `fh bd rupturd gib bokdlihtf is`dnfbuhdr   ◆Ohistdmobogdg `drpodhd (p. Ic., Oh`bohd`oðh gi buhdgf ih rdgofkrdnìds)

 

@FLUBO@D@OFHIP3 •

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]itrdsf gi bd `fh `fhsfbogd`oðh, p psiugfdrtrfsos siugfdrtrfsos `fhsfbogd`oðh ih sfbogd`oðh, ldbd pfso`oðh (ldbuhoðh)3 ysi fmsirvdh `fh läs nri`uih`od `udhgf si ritrdsd ib trdtdloihtf, dsì `flf ih bds nrd`tur nrd`turds ds prfxoldbis gib is`dnfogis. Uuigih

riquiror nocd`oðh quorórko`d i ohcirtf ðsif pdrd bfkrdr bd `fhsfbogd`oðh. Fstifhi`rfsos3 si prfgu`i ispi`odblihti ih bds nrd`turds gib pfbf prfxoldb, gimogf d su pf`d orrokd`oðh. o rrokd`oðh.

 

DW]DU W]DUDLOIHWF DLOIHWF GOPWDB GIB HI]^O HI]^OF F LIGO LIGODHF DHF (PÌHG]FLI GIB WÓHIB @D]UODHF)3 Itofbfkìd Nrd`turdd f buxd`oðh gib suibf gib tóhib y gib rdgof Nrd`tur gostdb, dhfldbìds `fhkïhotds (drtirod ligodhd pirsostihti, lós`ubfs bulmro`dbis prfxoldbis), ritih`oðh riti h`oðh aìgro`d (ilmdr (ilmdrdzf, dzf, ``fbistdsod fbistdsod fmstru`tovd gurdhti gurdh ti ib ilmdrdz ilmdrdzf), f), tihfsohfvotos gi bfs nbix nbixfris, fris, `fhsfbogd`oðh vo`ofsd gib rdgof gostdb, bisofhis f`updhtis gi ispd`of. •

 

N]D@WY]DP GI AÓLI]F DW]DUDLOIHWF GOPWDB GIB HI]^OF LIGODHF (PÌHG]FLI GIB WÓHIB @D]UODHF)3 Godkhðsto`f3 @rotirofs godkhðsto`fs3 Gfbfr y pdristisods ih bd pdbld qui dmdr`dh adstd bd luôi`d f bd `drd pdbldr gib pubkdr, ib ìhgo`i, ib gigf •

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ligof y bd lotdg rdgodb gib dhubdr. Wdlmoïh puigi admir sihsd`oðh gi tfrpizd, gimobogdg, gfbfr hf`turhf i aopfistisod.

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Po ib prfmbild bbivd toilpf, puigi dpdri`ir dtrfnod gi bd ilohih`od tihdr. Ib sokhf gi Wohib (bd pir`usoðh sfmri ib hirvof prfv prfvf`d f`d

 

DW]DUDLOIHWF GOPWDB GIB HI]^OF LIGODHF (PÌHG]FLI GIB WÓHIB @D]UODHF)3 Wrdtdloihtf Wrdtdloihtf hf quorórko`f3 (DOHIs) y uhd nïrubd istäto`d pdr pdrdd ldhtihir bd luôi`d ih pfso`oðh hiutrd, ispi`odblihti so bfs risubtdgfs gi bfs istugofs gi ILK y gi vibf`ogdg gi `fhgu``oðh hirvofsd sfh hikdtovfs. Bds ohnobtrd`ofhis `fh `frto`fogis. •

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Wrdtdloihtf quorórko`f3 Bomird`oðh d `oibf dmoirtf f ihgfs`ðpo`d: bds pfsombis vihtdcds gib trdtdloihtf trdtdloih tf ihgfs`ðpo`f sfh bd lihfr prfmdmobogdg gi gfbfr •

 

DW]DU W]DUDLOIHWF DLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF @Y @YMOW MOWDB DB IH IB @FGF (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB IUOW]F@BI IUOW]F@BID])3 D])3 Itofbfkìd3 Ilpbif ripitotovf gi airrdloihtds vomrdgfrds, tf`dr ohstrulihtfs luso`dbis, luso`dbis, usf gi tfrhoquitis, ldb pfso`ofhis gurdhti bds ohtirvih`ofhis, ginfrlogdgis gib `ómotf ih vdrf y vdbkf, dgairih`ods y si`uibds gi quildgurds, fsono`d`oðh aitirftðpo`d, bisofhis f`updhtiss gi ispd`of (kdhkboðh, bopfld, f`updhti fstif`fhgrfld) fstif` fhgrfld) y drtrot drtrotos. os. •

 

DW]DUDLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF @YMOWDB IH IB @FGF (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB IUOW]F@BID])3 Godkhðsto`f3 Dbtird`ofhis Dbtird`of his sihsotovds3 pdrist pdristisods isods y gfbfr ih bd zfhd gi gostromu`oðh gib hirvof `umotdb, qui oh`buyi ib gfrsf gi bd ldhf (4f qui bf gonirih`od gi bd `flprisoðh `flpri soðh `umotdb ih ib `dhdb gi Kuyfh): tfgds •

ibbds si ixd`irmdh `fh bd nbixoðh gib `fgf y bd dmgu``oðh gib aflmrf. Bfs sìhtflds nri`uihtilihti ilpifrdh pfr bd hf`ai f trds bd nbixoðh prfbfhkdgd gib `fgf ohdgvirtogd gurdhti ib  

DW]DU W]DUDLOIHWF DLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF @Y @YMOW MOWDB DB IH IB @FGF (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB IUOW]F@BI IUOW]F@BID])3 D])3 Wrdtdloihtf3 Hf quorórko`f3 quorórko`f3 DOHIs y nïrubds hf`turhds `fh i ibb `fgf ih ixtihsoðh. Tuorórko`f3 istä ohgo`dgf `udhgf bfs sìhtflds si •

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vuibvih `fhstdhtis. `fhstdhtis. Bds fp`ofhis sfh3 Gis`flprisoðh Gis`flpris oðh gib hirvof `umotdb ih ib `dhdb ipotrf`bidr.

 

DW]DUDLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF HI ]^OF @YMO @YMOWWDB IIH H BD LYÔI@D (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB @YMOWDB F @DHDB GI KY_FH) Itofbfkìd3 Bisofhis f`updhtis gi ispd`of (kdhkboðh, bopfld, •

dhiurosld gi bd drtirod `umotdb), trduldtoslfs ripitogfs (`o`dtrozd`oðh), trflmfsos f dhiurosld gi bd drtirod `umotdb (zfhd OOO), drtrotos ohnbdldtfrods, ohnbdldt frods, mdhgds nomrfsds.

 

DW]DUDLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF @YMOWDB IH BD LYÔI@D (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB @YMOWDB F @DHDB GI KY_FH) Godkhðsto`f3 Ih bd `flprisoðh gi bd rdld prfnuhgd lftfrd, bfs lós`ubfs gi bd ilohih`od aopftihdr •

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sfh hfrldbis y istä gimobotdg gimobotdgf f ib prolir ohtirðsif gfrsdb. Pokhf gi [drtihmirk. Pokhf gi Nrfliht. Dkdrrftdloihtf gi bfs gigfs dhubdr y liôoqui. Bd sihsotovd bd `drd gfrsdb ldhf istä `fhsirvdgd gonirih`od gibnuh`oðh sìhgrfli gib `dhdb `dhih db ipotrf`bidr ih`umotdb ib qui gi adybduh gïno`ot gïno`o t sihsotovf ih bd(d `drd gfrsdb `umotdb gi bd ldhf). Bd pruimd gi Dbbih, Dbbih, bfs istugofs `fh Gfppbir Gfppbir f bd drtirofkrdnìd drtirofkrdnìd sfh hi`isdrofs so si sfspi`ad pdtfbfkìd drtirodb.

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Bds rdgofkrdnìds f bds tflfkrdnìds `flputdrozdgds gib tóhib `drpodhf dyugdh d ivdbudr bds nrd`turds gi bd dpðnosos uh`onfrli gib auisf kdh`afsf. Adbbdzkfs ih bfs istugofs gi vibf`ogdg gi `fhgu``oðh hirvofsd y gi ILK.

 

DW]DU W]DUDLOIHWF DLOIHWF GIB HI]^OF @YM @YMOW OWDB DB IH BD LYÔI@D (PÌHG]FLI GIB @DHDB @YMOWDB F @DHDB GI KY_FH) Wrdtdloihtf3 Hf quorórko`f3 kudhtis d`fb`adgfs, ivotdr bfs lfvoloihtfs pircugo`odbis, pircugo`odbis, nïrubds y DOHIs. •

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Tuorórko`f3aopftihdr, bomird`oðh ibolohd`oðh gib frokih gi lós`ubfs gi bd ilohih`od gibfs `udbquoir istru`turd f`updhti f`updhti gi ispd`of y ivdbud`oðh gi tfgf ib ri`frrogf gib hirvof `umotdb ih ib `dhdb `drpodhf.

 

@FLU]IPOÐH U]FQOLDB GIB HI]^OF ]DGODB3

Itofbfkìd3 Mdhgd nomrfsd ih ib frokih gi bd `dmizd bdtirdb gib trì`ips. •

 

@FLU]IPOÐH U]FQOLDB GIB HI]^OF ]DGODB3 Godkhðsto`f3 Gimobogdg d bd ixtihsoðh gib `fgf y bd supohd`oðh gib dhtimrdzf, pïrgogd gi bd ixtihsoðh gi bd luôi`d, pubkdr y gigfs. •

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- Adbbdzkfs ih bfs istugofs gi vibf`ogdg vibf`ogdg gi `fhgu `fhgu``oðh ``oðh hirvofsd y gi ILK.

 

@FLU]IPOÐH U]FQOLDB GIB HI]^OF ]DGODB3

Wrdtdloihtf3 Bd ri`upird`oðh ispfhtähid ispfhtähid suibi ssir ir bd rikbd: ssoo hf si gd db `dmf gi tris d `udtrf lisis, `dmi •

`fhsogirdr bd hiurfbosos, ohcirtfs gi hirvofs f trdhspfso`ofhis tihgohfsds.

 

@FLU]IPOÐH U]FQOLDB GIB HI]^OF ]DGODB3

Wrdtdloihtf3 Bd ri`upird`oðh ispfhtähid ispfhtähid suibi ssir ir bd rikbd: ssoo hf si gd db `dmf gi tris d `udtrf lisis, `dmi •

`fhsogirdr bd hiurfbosos, ohcirtfs gi hirvofs f trdhspfso`ofhis tihgohfsds.

 

Gigf Gi gf ih ldrt ldrtob obbf bf 

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Ufr rfturd gib tihgðh gib ixtihsfr `flóh gi bfs gigfs d hovib gi su ohsir`oðh gostdb ih bd óbtold ndbdhki. Wrds trduldtoslf

`f h

aopirnbixoðh

gi

bd

drto`ubd`oðh drto` ubd`oðh ohtirn ohtirndbähk dbähko`d o`d gostd gostdb. b.  

 Dni`td läs d 7³ y 9³ gigfs. Ib pd`oihti is oh`dpdz gi ixtihgir pfr `flpbitf

bd DON gostdb, gostdb, `fh `do `dogd gd gi bd puhtd g gib ib gigf gigf..

 

ih ldrtobbf Gigf ih

 

Gigf Gi gf ih ldrt ldrtob obbf bf

 

@FHW]D@WY]D GYUY_W]IH

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Nomrfldtfsos mihokhd gi bds ldhfs y bfs gigfs, gdhgf bukdr d bd nfrld`oðh gi hðgubfs y `frgfhis: `fh nri`uih`od bbivd d `fhtrd`t `fht rd`turds urds ih nbix nbixoðh oðh

 

IUOGILOFBFKOD 

Urivdbih`od Ihtri ib 5,=% 5,=% y ib 9>,5% 9>,5% Aflmris Aflmr is sfh läs dni`tdgfs dni`tdgfs qui bds luciris luciris

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Pi yripfrtdh tdsds gi gf ri`urrih`od qui tf. vdrìdh ihtri 1% >>%, gipihgoih gip ihgoihgf gib trdt trdtdloih dloihtf.

 

ND@W D@WF]IP F]IP GI ]OI ]OIPKF PKF

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Ib nd`tfr nd`tfr kihït kihïto`f o`f ih ib >5-; >5-;5% 5% gi bfs `dsfs `dsfs..

Ib tdmd tdmdqu quos oslf lf  Ib db`fafboslf db`fafboslf y ib `fhsul `fhsulff rikub rikubdr dr gi db`faf db`fafb.b.  Bd ipobipsod.  Bd godmitis. ldquohd quohd vomr vomrdtfro dtfrodd  Ysf gi ld

 

LDHONIPWD@OFHIP 

Bds prolird prolirdss ldhon ldhonistd` istd`ofhis ofhis ]itrd``ofhis y ihguri`oloi ihguri`oloihtf htf ggii bd poib

Ihkrfsdloihtf gi bds nomrobbds virto`dbis  nfrldhgf nfrl dhgf lo`rf lo`rf`uirg `uirgds. ds.  Pums Pumstotu` totu`oðh oðh nomrfsd nomrfsd gi bd krdsd sum`utähid sum`utähid..  Uoi Uoibb gur gurdd i ohlð ohlðvob vob..  Uir Uirgog gogdd gi lfv lfvobog obogdg. dg. 

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Bd prisih`od prisih`od gi ppots ots (afyuibfs) (afyuibfs)

 

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Is nri`uihti ih`fhtrdr hðgubfs ih bd mdsi gib gig gigff liô liôoqu oquii

Gihtrff gi istfs si dn Gihtr dni`td i`tdhh gi läs d lihfs lihfs:: dhubdr dhub dr,, liôoqui, pubk pubkdr dr,, ligof i ìhgo`i.

 

BDPONO@D NO@D@OÐH @OÐH WYMO WYMODHD DHD @BDPO

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