Tratamiento_SCIENCE.pdf
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Description
Mixed Ability Activities Taking into account the diversity of the students, obtaining an improvement in academic results requires the adoption of certain pedagogic measures. The proposals that are gathered in this book are completed through two types of activities: • Consolidation. • Extension. The contents of the student’s book are gathered in both cases, unit by unit. It depends on the teachers to decide whether it is convenient to apply them to their different students, in function of the specific needs of each one.
UNIT
1
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE UNIVERSE AND PLANETARY MODELS
A Decide which of the illustrations below belongs to the geocentric model and which to the heliocentric and fill in the blanks. Then indicate which sentences below belong to each model (A or B). I) Stars are fixed on a sphere that revolves around the Earth. II) The Moon revolves around the Earth. III) The sphere of stars does not move. IV) The Earth revolves around the Sun. V) The Earth rotates on its axis. VI) The Earth does not move. VII) The planets rotate around the Sun in concentric circles. VIII) The Sun rotates around the Earth. IX) This is the model proposed by Ptolomei. X) This is the model proposed by Copernicus.
B
1.
1. 2.
2. 9.
8. 3.
3. 4.
8.
7. 4. 6. 5.
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5.
7. 6.
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A
Unit 1. Worksheet I Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
B Fill in the blanks in the following sentences: a) The Sun is only one star out of the millions that form the .................................. b) In Ptolomei’s model, which celestial body is the centre of the Universe? …………. What is this model called? .................................................................................... c) In Copernicus’s model, does the Earth rotate around the Sun or does the Sun rotate around the Earth? …………………...........………......................................... What is this model called? ......................……….....…….........................................
C Complete the following sentences according to the modern model of the Universe. a) The Earth moves
…….......…………………………………………………………….
b) The Moon rotates ……………………………………………………………………...... c) Is the Sun the centre of the Universe? ..................... Why? ................................. .............................................................................................................................. d) Planets rotate ……………………………………………...........…………………….. e) Does the Earth have rotation movement? ............................................................
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f) Stars …………………… form a sphere that rotates around its centre.
D Draw a diagram of the modern model of the Universe. To do this you can use the information of the previous activity.
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UNIT
1
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE PLANETS
A Which of the following figures is an ellipse?
B Match the two columns with arrows:
1. Movement of a planet around its star.
B. PLANETARY
YEAR
2. The path a planet makes around its star.
C. REVOLUTION
3. The time it takes a planet to rotate completely on its own axis.
D. PLANETARY
4. Movement of a planet when it rotates around itself.
E. ROTATION
F. ROTATION
DAY
AXIS
5. Length of time it takes a planet to rotate around its star. 6. Imaginary line on which a planet rotates.
C You can see a star and a planet in the illustration. Identify each of them. Draw the elliptic orbit
made by the planet in its revolution movement. In this movement mark the anti-clockwise direction. Draw a satellite rotating around the planet in an anti-clockwise direction.
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A. ORBIT
∞
UNIT
1
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE SOLAR SYSTEM I
A In 1610 Galileo Gallilei was able to detect the planet Jupiter, and he also discovered its four major planets, as shown in the photo. Look at the chart and:
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
SATELLITE
DISTANCE
ORBITAL PERIOD
TO JUPITER (KM)
(DAYS)
RADIO (KM)
Io
421,600
1.77
1,815
Calisto
1,883,000
16.69
2,400
Ganymede
1,070,000
7.16
2,631
Europa
670,900
3.55
1,569
a) Order them according to their size, starting with the largest, and identify Io and Europa from the photo. ............................................................................................. b) Why is Calisto’s orbital period larger than Io’s? .................................................... .................................................................................................................... c) How many satellites like Io could we fit in a line around the Earth’s diameter (the Earth’s diameter is 12,740 km)? ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................ d) What is the equivalent of the term “orbital period”? ........................................ ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................
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Unit 1. Worksheet III Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
B Identify the planets in the illustration below. Then classify them into: a) Terrestrial planets or gas giants: ............................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. b) With or without an atmosphere: .............................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. c) With clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation: ............................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................
8.
7. 4.
6.
3. 2.
1.
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5.
UNIT
1
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE SOLAR SYSTEM II
A Order the planets of the Solar System from the closest to the Sun to the farthest. ........................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................
B There are obvious differences between each pair of images. Identify the celestial body each represents and explain why they are different.
1. ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... 2. .......................................
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....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... 3. ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... ....................................... .......................................
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Unit 1. Worksheet IV Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Write down the names of the bodies of the Solar System in the illustration and answer the following questions:
a) What is the distance in millions of kilometres from the Earth to the Sun? ............. b) What other dwarf planets are there in the Solar System besides Pluto? ........... c) Which planets of the Solar System have satellites? ............................................. d) Which are the terrestrial planets? .................................................................
D In a hypothetical planetary system, planet Hancock is orbiting around a blue star, which is 50 million kilometres away:
a) How many AU separate them? ................................................................................ b) Would life on that planet be possible? Why? Why not? ..................................................................................................................................
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e) Which planet has the longest “year”. Why? ............................................................
Unit 1. Worksheet IV Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
E Fill in the blanks in the following table: PLANET
DISTANCE
DISTANCE TO THE EARTH
TO THE EARTH IN
IN ASTRONOMICAL
MILLIONS OF KM
UNITS
Jupiter
778
Mars
228
Uranus
2, 870
Saturn
1, 429
F Identify each of the celestial bodies in the photos and answer the following questions:
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1
2
a) What is its name? .......................................................... b) What does it orbit around? .......................................................... c) What composition does it have? ..........................................................
a) What is it? .......................................................... b) Does it orbit on its own or accompanied? .......................................................... c) Are there any bodies like it in the Solar System? ..........................................................
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UNIT
1
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
PLANETS AND SMALL CELESTIAL BODIES
A Match the two columns: A. COMET
11. Celestial body formed by huge quantities of gases, basically hydrogen and helium.
B. GALAXY
12. Huge groups of stars, gas and dust.
C. PLANET
13. Celestial spherical body which has not cleared its orbit.
D. METEORITE
14. Celestial body formed by ice, dust particles and gases.
E. DWARF PLANET
F. STAR
G. PLANETARY
15. Rocky body originating from asteroids, comets or other matter in the universe. 16. Celestial body that has cleared its orbit. 17. Celestial body that rotates around the planets.
H. ASTEROID
18. Group formed by a star and celestial bodies rotating around it.
I. SATELLITE
19. Small rocky body which is near other bodies rotating around a star.
B Mark whether the following sentences are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F): 1. The Earth was formed at the same time as the Big Bang. 2. The Sun and the Solar System are the result of a nebular contraction. 3. Gravitational force keeps the planets rotating around their star. 4. Planets and stars produce their own light. 5. The Sun does not move in the Universe.
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SYSTEM
UNIT
1
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE STARS (I)
A What celestial bodies can you see in the photo? What is the difference between them? What is their origin?
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... White
Red
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
Yellow
Blue
.....................................................
B Answer the following questions briefly: a) What combustible does a star use? ……………………………..................................... b) Which stars have a higher surface temperature, the red ones or the blue ones? ....... c) How do stars with a higher mass die? ....................................................................
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d) What is the approximate temperature of the Sun? …………........…..…..……… e) How do we classify stars according to their size? .....................................................
C Which constellation can you see in the photo? How many stars is it formed by? Join the stars and you will have a picture. What does it look like? ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... .........................................................
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UNIT
1
Worksheet VII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE STARS (II)
A In the sky we can find examples of the stellar evolution theory. With the appropriate instruments we can see millions of them, each of which represents the evolution of a specific type of star. This is like having the frames of a film in sequence and following the plot of the story. a) Why can’t a person watch the evolution of the life of one star? ......................................................... ......................................................... b) When we are looking at the stars, do you think those stars really exist in the sky in that precise moment or are they the stars that existed thousands of years ago? ......................................................... .........................................................
B The Crab Nebula, which you can see in the picture, is one of the most famous remains
a) What is a supernova? And a nebula? ........................................................ b) A nebula is located 6000 light years from the Earth. What does this mean? ........................................................ c) What do you think Jesus Christ’s contemporaries would have seen in that area of the universe? ........................................................ d) What will there be thousands of years later in that area of the Universe? ........................................................
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of a supernova, and it is located more than 6,000 light years from the Earth. The explosion of the supernova could be seen from the Earth in the year 1054 A.D. and it was registered by Chinese astronomers.
UNIT
1
Worksheet VIII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE
A a) Describe the shape and composition of the galaxy NGC, which appears in the photograph.
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... b) Could it have planetary systems? What are they? ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
B a) Write down the corresponding names in the photograph of the Milky Way.
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1.
b) What is the diameter of our galaxy? ....................................................................... c) Where is our Solar System located? ........................................................................ d) How many galaxies are there in the Universe? ........................................................... e) How many stars can you see in the sky? ............................................................. f) How does it appear from the Earth? ....................................................................
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Unit 1. Worksheet VIII Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Find the mistakes in the following text and rewrite it correctly: “The beginning of the Universe has been dated by scientists to have taken place about 1,370 million years ago. All the wood and energy were concentrated on a very small and cold spot. After the explosion, called the Big Bang, they were blown in all directions, and, after a short time, they grouped together as stars and galaxies”. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
D Fill in the blanks with the following words and numbers: satellites, stars, 150,000,000, robotic vehicle, light year, galaxies, 300,000, astronomical.
a) The first ……………………… and ………………………….. were formed a million
b) Light travels at a speed of ………………….. kilometres per second, and the distance it covers in a year is called a …………………… . c) The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is ……………………. kilometres, and this is called an ……………………. unit. d) We can explore the Universe through powerful telescopes which are in the ………………………… which rotate around the Earth. e) A ………………… can move along the surface of the planets and pick up samples which will then be analysed.
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years after the big explosion that gave way to the Universe.
UNIT
2
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE EARTH AS A PLANET
Look at the lines in the picture. Are they parallels or meridians? ....................................... Complete the following tasks: a) Find the Equator and write the names northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere in the correct place. b) Draw the rotation axis of the Earth. Imagine our planet rotating around its axis. Observing the illustration, which hemisphere has more light? ...................................... c) Find Australia. Is it day or night in that part of the planet? ........................................... d) Find India. Is it day or night there? ............................................................................... e) In which country will it be night first, India or Saudi Arabia? Explain why. ....................................................................................................................................... f) Could you draw the Greenwich Meridian on this image? Explain your answer. ............. ....................................................................................................................................... g) Which is the hemisphere with the largest portion of land surface? ..............................
Sun’s rays
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.......................................................................................................................................
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UNIDAD UNIT
2
Worksheet II Nombre Name and y apellidos: surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Curso:...................................................................... Form: .....................................................................
Fecha:....................................................................... Date: ....................................................................
EL MOVIMIENTO REVOLUTION MOVEMENT DE TRASLACIÓN
A Look at the illustration. In which position would the Earth be (1-4) at the different times indicated? Explain your answers.
3
4
2
1
a) Summer solstice in the northern hemisphere. …………….....………………………….. b) Autumn equinox in the southern hemisphere. ……………….....…………………….. c) Winter solstice in the northern hemisphere. …………………………..……...............
e) Summer solstice in the southern hemisphere. ……………….……………………….. f) Autumn equinox in the northern hemisphere.
…………….…..…………………….
g) Winter solstice in the southern hemisphere. …………….….……………………… h) Spring equinox in the northern hemisphere. …………......………………………….
B When does each season begin in the different hemispheres? Fill in the table. HEMISPHERE Northern Southern
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SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
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d) Spring equinox in the southern hemisphere. ……………….…………………………
UNIT
2
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVOLUTION AND ROTATION
A Mark the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon on the illustration, then answer the following questions: a) What is the name of the movements marked with a grey line? ……........…............. b) What direction do they follow: clockwise or anti-clockwise? ……......................…….. c) What is the name of the path they make? What shape does it have? ........... d) What is the name of the movements marked with white arrows? ........................... e) Which movement is responsible for the seasons? .................................................
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f) Which is responsible for the existence of day and night? …………......…………….
B Fill in the blanks with the correct word. Choose among the following: latitude, day,
south, solstices, elliptical, circumference, ecliptic, Sun, revolution, rotation, 24, seasons, night, 365, equinoxes, Moon. The Earth, in its movement around the …………., makes a path with an ….......…. shape. It takes a bit longer than ….................….. days to finish a complete turn. As this happens the Earth passes through different points, where the light it receives is different. This happens because the …….............…… axis of the Earth is tilted, which explains the existence of the …............…... The moments in which day and night have the same length are called …...........….. and those in which either day or ………...….. are longer are called …….............…… .
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Unit 2. Worksheet III Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Fill in the blanks, bearing in mind that: – You should write the name of the seasons (5-12) according to where the arrow points to, the northern or southern hemisphere. – In the rest of the blanks (1 ,2, 3 and 4) you must write down, spring, summer, autumn or winter followed by the words solstice or equinox (for the northern hemisphere).
1.
9.
5.
10.
6.
3.
11.
12.
7.
2.
8.
4.
a) When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, it is ………………… in the southern. b) When it is spring in the southern hemisphere, it is ………………….. in the northern.
d) The ecliptic is ………………………….. . e) Seasons exist because the rotation axis of the Earth is tilted ………………….. degrees in relation to the ecliptic. f) On which days of the year do the different seasons begin in the northern hemisphere? ...................................................................................................................... g) Which season begins on 22nd September in the southern hemisphere? ................ h) And on 22nd December? .......................................................................................... i) The summer solstice is the ………………… day in the northern hemisphere. This same day is the…………… in the southem hemisphere and is called the…………… .
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c) In the Poles days and nights last for ……………………. .
UNIT
2
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE MOON AND ITS MOVEMENTS
Look at the movement of the Moon around the Earth. Match the labels numbered from 1 to 8 to the images on the left; these images can be seen from our planet. In the rest of the blanks, write down the appropriate phase of the Moon.
A.
C.
E.
B.
Solar radiation
9.
1.
5.
2.
6.
D.
10.
12.
F. 3.
G.
7.
H. 4.
8. 11.
a) In which direction does the Moon move? ....………………......................................... b) Where does the light of the Moon come from? ...............................................................
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c) How many days does the lunar month have? .............................................................. d) And the lunar year (to go around the Earth)? ............................................................. e) Why can’t we see the whole of the Moon’s surface from the Earth? .......................... f) Why are temperatures on the Moon extreme? ........................................................ ...................................................................................................................... g) Why are there many craters on the Moon? ............................................................ ...................................................................................................................... h) Do the seas in the Moon have water? Explain your answer. ………..…….....…… ...................................................................................................................... i) What phase comes after the first quarter? ...................................................................
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UNIT
2
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ECLIPSES AND TIDES
A The two illustrations show a sequence of events. The one on the left takes place first. Look at them carefully and answer the following questions:
a) Has the character in the picture been trying to catch a fish for a long time? .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. b) Which phase of the Moon can you see in the illustration? ..................................... c) Is there a high tide during the day or during the night? ..........................................
B The sequence in the picture happens in under 100 minutes. Look at it and answer:
a) What phenomenon has been photographed? ........................................................ b) Why does it happen? ........................................................................................... c) Which phase is the Moon in so that this can happen? ......................................
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..................................................................................................................................
UNIT
2
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE EARTH’S SPHERES AND THEIR RESOURCES
A Identify the spheres of the Earth on the picture and explain their composition. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
B Draw the layers of the geosphere on the part of the Earth painted in white. Why is the Earth structured in spheres? Explain briefly how they were formed. ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ............................................... ...............................................
95
UNIT
3
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WHAT ARE LIVING THINGS LIKE?
A Living things perform three vital functions. These are: ..........................................................................................................................
B The nutritrion of plants is ............................. because they make their own food from ............................................................................................................ . The nutrition of animals is ............................. because they get their nutrients feeding on ............................................................................................... .
C Give an example of a stimulus and how a living thing would react to it. ...................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................
D Explain the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. ...................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................
E Look at the picture and answer the following questions. 1) What is the most abundant component in living things? ................................................................. ................................................................. 2) What is the percentage of substances rich in carbon in living things? ................................................................. .................................................................
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Water (65-90%) Compounds with a high content of carbon (10-30%)
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......................................................................................................................................
UNIT
3
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
TYPES OF CELLS
A Define what a cell is. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................
B Look at the following illustrations and answer the following questions: a) Write down what type of cell each one is. b) Write down the name of the parts labelled in each cell. 1) Cell: .......................................................... . 1. 2.
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3.
6.
4. 5.
97
Unit 3. Worksheet II Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
2) Cell: .......................................................... . 1. 2.
3.
5.
4.
3) Cell: .......................................................... .
2.
1.
4. 5. 6. 8. 7.
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3.
UNIT
3
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE ORGANISATION OF LIVING THINGS
A The cells of unicellular organisms can be ............................. and ..............................; those of multicellular organisms are always.................................. .
B What is the difference between a colony and a multicellular organism? ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................
C Match the words in the two columns. Then, fill the table with the correct text. System.
1. A group of organs that co-operate together in a common activity.
Cell.
2. A structure with a concrete form, made up of several tissues that perform a specific function.
Tissue.
3. The minimum unit with functions shared by all living beings.
Organ.
4. A group of cells with a similar shape, they perform the same function.
LEVEL OF ORGANISATION
DEFINITION
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a)
b)
c)
d)
99
UNIT
3
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
A Number the names of the following taxa, ordering them from the narrowest (most specific) to the widest. Class
Family
Order
Phylum
Genus
Species
B The scientific name of the dog is Canis fammiliaris: a) Is there any mistake(s) in the name? If there is a mistake, write it correctly ......................................................... b) What genus does the dog belong to?................................................................ c) What species does the dog belong to? ..............................................................
C Complete the following table, stating the kingdom each of the organisms on the list belongs to.
ORGANISM
KINGDOM
Cork tree Crayfish Rose bush Starfish Mushroom
100
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Sperm Whale
UNIT
4
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE MONERA KINGDOM
A Mark with a circle those characteristics related to bacteria. 1. They are unicellular organisms. 2. They are multiicellular organisms. 3. They are eukaryotic organisms. 4. They are prokaryotic organisms.
B Complete the following chart: TYPE OF BACTERIA
SHAPE
DRAWING
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C Illustrate with a drawing how bacteria reproduce.
101
UNIT
4
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
PROTOZOA AND ALGAE
A Write down the different mechanisms protozoa use to move and explain what they are: a) ..................................... are .................................................................................. . b) ..................................... are .................................................................................. . c) ..................................... are .................................................................................. .
B The nutrition of algae is autotrophic. Explain why brown algae and red algae produce photosynthesis the same as green algae do.
............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................
C Complete the following table:
TYPE OF CELL
UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR
TYPE OF NUTRITION
KINGDOM IT BELONGS TO
EXAMPLE
102
PROTOZOA
ALGAE
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BACTERIA
UNIT
4
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
FUNGI
A Mark with an X which of the following characteristics belong to the fungi kingdom: 1. They are unicellular organisms. 2. Their cells are prokaryotic. 3. They contain chloroplast. 4. They have a cellular wall. 5. Their cells are eukaryotic. 6. The body of all fungi is made up of hyphae.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Draw a mushroom and identify the following terms: cap, gills,, stalk, hyphae, spores.
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UNIT
4
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WHAT ARE PLANTS LIKE?
A Write down the names of those parts that have been marked: 1. .......................
2. .......................
3. .......................
4. .......................
B Complete the following sentences: a) Most complex plants are formed by ……........, …………and ……... .
c) Sexual plant reproduction takes place through………......…………….. . d) Asexual plant reproduction can be through ..................... or from ........................ .
C Match the elements in the two columns:
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a. GYMNOSPERMS
1. Plants without seeds.
b. ANGIOSPERMS
2. Plants with seeds in the fruit.
c. MOSSES
3. Plants without seeds in the fruit.
AND FERNS
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
b) Plant nutrition is ..............., because they make their own food through photosynthesis.
UNIT
4
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
PLANTS WITH SEEDS
A Conifers are the most abundant gymnosperms. Write down three examples of conifers. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................
B Fill in the blanks: The flowers of conifers are grouped together in ............................. which can be of two different types: ............................. cones, which produce produce ............................. grains and ............................. cones, which form the ............................. cones in which seeds develop.
C Complete the following chart detailing the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
ANGIOSPERMS
Seed
They are not in the fruit
Types of leaves © ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
GYMNOSPERMS
Deciduous
Flowers Size
Trees, shrubs or herbs
D Write the names of four trees, shrubs and herbs. EXAMPLES
GROUP THEY BELONG TO
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
.................................................
105
UNIT
4
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS
A Complete the following sentences about mosses: a) Mosses adhere to the ground through filaments called ………..................………. b) Mosses absorb the mineral substances they need through ………................. c) In some phases of their lives mosses reproduce through………………… and in others, through…………………. They also reproduce from…………… of their bodies.
B Write down the names of the plants below and also the names of those parts marked:
2. .......................
3. .......................
a.
106
................................................
1. .......................
3. ....................
b.
2. .......................
................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
1. .......................
UNIT
4
Worksheet VII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
FUNGI AND PLANTS
A The vegetables we usually eat can be different parts of the plant: leaves, stems, roots, flowers. Write which part of the plant you are eating, when you eat the following: Cabbage ..............................................
Celery .............................................
Beetroot ................................................
Lettuce ............................................
Turnip....................................................
Spinach ............................................
Artichoke ..............................................
Asparagus........................................
Broccoli .................................................
Cauliflower ......................................
Carrot………………………......................
Onion .............................................
B Read the following characteristics very carefully and then say whether they belong to
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
fungi, plants or both:
a) They have a cellular wall.
.............................................................
b) Autotrophic nutrition.
.............................................................
c) They cannot move around.
.............................................................
d) Heterotrophic nutrition.
.............................................................
e) They have chlorophyll, they are green. ........................................................... f) They perform photosynthesis.
.............................................................
g) Unicellular and multicellular.
.............................................................
h) All of them are multicellular.
.............................................................
i) They have eukaryotic cells.
.............................................................
107
UNIT
5
Worksheet I Nombre y apellidos: Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Curso: ..................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Fecha: .................................................................... Date: .......................................................................
WHAT CHARACTERISES ANIMALS?
A Write True (T) or False (F) next to each of the following statements: a) Animals are prokaryotic and multicellular organisms. b) Animals have organs and systems in order to perform their vital functions. c) Animals are autotrophs. d) Animals are heterotrophs. e) Animals are never omnivores.
B Write down whether the animal in the picture is a vertebrate or an invertebrate.
d)
108
b)
c)
e)
f)
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
a)
UNIT
5
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING THE PORIFERA AND THE CNIDARIA
A Match A to C with their definition(s). 11. The walls of their bodies are perforated a. Polyps
12. Their mouths are surrounded by tentacles
b. Sponges
13. They have spicules
c. Medusae
14. They are shaped like a bag 15. Live floating in marine waters
B Write down the most important parts of the body of each of the animals in the following pictures.
................................................................. .................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. ................................................................. .................................................................
109
UNIT
5
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING WORMS
A Write a sentence about worms using the following words: the, perforate, earthworms, soil, galleries, and, enrich. ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
B Fill in the blanks in the following sentences: a) Taenia has a flat ……………………… . b) The best known nematodes are .............., which live in people’s ……………... . c) Platyhelminthes live in……………. environments . d) Annelids have a .......................... systems.
C Write down the name of the animal in the picture and the names of the parts indicated.
…...…………...........………............……………………………………………………...… …...…………...........………............……………………………………………………...… …...…………...........………............……………………………………………………...… …...…………...........………............……………………………………………………...…
110
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
Describe its body .
UNIT
5
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING MOLLUSCS
A Write down the type of mollusc in each illustration below:
a)
b)
c)
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Complete the following chart:
Gastropods
Bivalves
They have a
They have a
………...................... shell
………....... and ……........ foot.
Their shell has two
Their foot has the shape of an
……….......................…..
………......................
They have an internal
The foot has the shape of
……………………........
…………………........
Cephalopods
111
UNIT
5
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING ARTHROPODS
A What do the following diagrams represent? Then complete the illustrations by adding the missing names:
a)
b)
B To which type of arthropod does each of the following animals belong? Write down the
a)
c)
112
b)
d)
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
parts its body is divided into:
UNIDAD UNIT
5
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING THE ECHINODERMS
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
A Look at the illustration and explain the main characteristics of this animal.
....................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
113
UNIT
6
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING FISH
A Write in the corresponding place in the illustrations the following terms: operculum, caudal fin divided into two equal halves, scales, gills, caudal fin divided into two halves of different size and swim bladder.
B To which type of fish do those in the illustrations belong? Write them down. 2. ............................................................
C Which of the following statements correspond to fish? Mark them: 1. Most of them are oviparous. 2. They breathe through lungs. 3. They can live on the ground, near the sea. 4. They have fins used for propulsion and for manoeuvring in the water. 5. They have bare skin. 6. They are ectothermic.
114
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
1. .........................................................
UNIT
6
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING AMPHIBIANS
A Answer the following questions relating to the reproductive cycle of frogs. a) Where do frogs’ eggs develop? ..............
5.
................................................................. ................................................................ ..................................................................
4. 1.
3.
b) State which of the individuals marked with numbers are adults and which are larvae. ..........................................................................
2.
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... c) What are frogs’ larvae called and what are the differences between them and adult frogs?
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. d) These larvae become adults through a process. What is the name of this
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
process?....................................................................................................
B Complete the following chart. Write Yes or No if the amphibians of the corresponding group have or do not have the characteristic mentioned. ANURA
URODELA
Longer back legs Legs of similar length Very thin skin with many glands No tail Ectotherms Elongated body
115
UNIT
6
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING REPTILES
A Match the following reptiles to the type they belong to:
a) ………...........…
c) …………………....……………………
b) …………………....……………………
d) …………………....……………………
B Complete the following table, writing down two similarities and two differences between amphibians and reptiles.
SIMILARITIES
DIFFERENCES
..................................................................
......................................................................
..................................................................
......................................................................
..................................................................
......................................................................
C Indicate which of the following are characteristics of reptiles:
116
1. Some have scales.
2. They are endothermic.
3. They breathe through lungs.
4. They are usually terrestrial.
5. Most of them are herbivores.
6. They lay eggs with a shell.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
UNIDAD UNIT
5 6
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING BIRDS
A Complete the following sentences: a) Birds have a pair of……... and …......... bones to facilitate their………........ .
b) Their jaws form a…….... whose shape varies according to their type of……....... .
c) Their lungs are connected to bags called……. which make their body lighter and help them to……… while they are flying.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B According to the information shown in the images, state which type of bird each one is.
a) During flight we can appreciate the huge size of the stork.
b) The cassowary has no keel and it has powerful legs which enable it to move safely in the tropical forests where it lives.
a) …………………....……………..…
b) ……………................……....………………
C Indicate which of the following are characteristics of birds: a) They are endothermic. b) They have wings which help them to maintain their internal body temperature. c) They have scales. d) They are ectothermic. e) They have flight feathers.
117
UNIT
6
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING MAMMALS
A Complete this diagram with the following: platypus, viviparous, placental mammal,
marsupium, placenta, dog, oviparous, their babies are born undeveloped, viviparous, their babies are born developed, marsupial. MAMMALS
Monotreme
• Placenta
Kangaroo
............................................................................................................................
C Write down three of the characteristics of placental mammals that birds do not have. 1. ................................................................................................................................... 2. ................................................................................................................................... 3. ...................................................................................................................................
118
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B How are mammals’ babies fed during the earliest stages of their lives?
UNIT
7
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ADAPTATION, EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY
A The following sentences are false. Explain why: a) The rate at which a species adapts to the conditions of the environment is very fast. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
b) The great biodiversity of the Earth appeared suddenly and has always remained constant. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
B Write down one bodily adaptation of each of these creatures and explain the
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
advantage it gives them:
SCORPION Adaptation: ................................................................. ..................................................................................... Advantage: ................................................................. ..................................................................................... SNAIL Adaptation: ................................................................. ..................................................................................... Advantage: ................................................................... .....................................................................................
119
UNIT
7
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WHY IS BIODIVERSITY IMPORTANT
A Name some of the resources, that in your opinion, biodiversity provides in each of these cases:
a) A beautiful wood of chestnut trees on a mountain slope crossed by a mountain stream. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
b) A small village on the coast. ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
B The disappearance of a single species can affect the balance of the whole planet. Explain this sentence with an example.
......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................
120
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
.........................................................................................................................
UNIT
7
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
BIODIVERSITY IS DISAPPEARING. HOW CAN WE PREVENT THIS?
A The following human actions result in loss of biodiversity. Place them in the table under one of these two headings: overexploitation or ecosystem alteration.
a) A fire in a forest area dedicated to farming. b) Massive fishing of a specific type of fish in a marine area. c) Building a bridge in the middle of a wood. d) Felling all the trees. e) Dumping sewage water into a river, f) Urbanising a coast where there was no human population. OVEREXPLOITATION
ECOSYSTEM ALTERATION
B The photograph is of a wetland, one of the ecosystems with the greatest biodiversity
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
in our country. Complete the table about its biodiversity.
POSSIBLE THREATS
MEASURES TO PROTECT IT
121
UNIT
7
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN FOSSILS
A Imagine a scientist finds a fossil of the skeleton of a dinosaur. Answer the following questions:
a) What can we learn about the dinosaur, thanks to the fossil? ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... b) Explain the reason why we cannot tell the colour of its skin. ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
B Fossils are found in layers of sedimentary rocks. a) What are layers of sediment? ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... c) In a series of layers, which fossils are older, the ones on the top layers or the ones in the deepest layers? ......................................................................................................................... d) Why? ......................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................
122
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
b) Why does the period in which an organism lived coincide with the period in which the layer containing the organism was formed?
UNIT
8
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
A Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)? I. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen. II. The gas needed for plants’ photosynthesis is oxygen. III. Nitrogen represents 78% in volume of gas in the air. IV. The percentage of water vapour in the atmosphere is always constant. V. In the atmosphere there is a small proportion of other gases, such as helium, neon, …..
B
Write correctly those sentences you thought were incorrect in the previous activity:
.................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
.................................................................................................................................
C
Fill in the blanks:
The atmosphere has …………………………………. layers. The highest layer is the …………………………………….., where the aurora borealis takes place. The next layer is the ………………. and there meteorites disintegrate, producing what are called ………………………
……………………… The stratosphere is a layer
inside of which there is an area called the ………………………………, where a gas ,…………………………………………, is abundant. This gas is of vital importance because it absorbs the ……………………………….
rays of the Sun, which are
harmful. The inner layer is the ………………………………………….., where ………………………………………… phenomena take place and where all living beings of the Earth can be found.
123
Unit 8. Worksheet I Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
D How many litres of oxygen are there in a room which has 9 square metres of surface and is 2 m high? Explain your calculations.
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
E Fill in the blanks in the picture. Write in the arrows (I, II, II, IV) the name of the
corresponding layer of the atmosphere; in the blanks on the left (V, VI, VII) the altitude of each of them; and on the blanks on the right (VIII, IX, X) the name of the limit between each layer. High energy solar radiation Spaceships in orbit
Aurora borealis Satellites
VIII.
– 90°C
V.
Shooting stars
II.
Cosmic rays
IX.
0 °C
VI. Ultraviolet radiation
III.
Nuclear bomb cloude
Ozone layer
X. VII.
8 km
IV.
Air temperature _ 100 °C
124
Everest mountain (8864 m)
0°
15°
+100 °C
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
I.
Unit 8. Worksheet I Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
F Identify the following images. In each column write down the name of each of them and of the layer of the atmosphere where they are found.
I. ............................................. II. ............................................ III. ............................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
........................................ ........................................ ........................................
IV. .......................................................................
V. ...............................................................
............................................................
.......................................................
125
UNIT
8
Worksheet II Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WEATHER AND CLIMATE (I)
A Fill in the blanks in the text, using the following words: humidity, region, planet, climate, air, meteors, weather, atmosphere, temperature.
Natural events that take place in the …………………. are called …………………… or atmospheric phenomena. These happen because the ………………. has a different density, ………………… and ………………………. in the various areas of the ………………... If we refer to the conditions of the atmosphere at a certain time and place, we will be talking about the ………………….. If we talk about the whole of the atmospheric phenomena that characterise a …………………………. during a long period of time, we will be talking about the …………………….. of that region.
B Answer the following questions briefly: I. What is a meteorological station? ............................................................................. ……………………………………….....…………………..........……...………………… II. Why do we say that the instruments of a meteorological station measure the atmospheric weather? Why not the climate? ............................................................
C In the column on the left of the table there are several sentences that refer either to the weather or to the climate. In the column on the right write down which one they refer to. CIRCUMSTANCE
126
WEATHER/CLIMATE
I couldn’t go horseriding because it started to snow.
I.
I love summer in Castille.
II.
The plane arrived late due to the turbulence caused by the wind.
III.
The month of January is generally rainy in Asturias.
IV.
The areas near the poles are cold.
V.
A storm is coming from the north.
VI.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. What is meteorology? ..............................................................................................
Unit 8. Worksheet II Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
D Look at the instruments in the pictures below. Write down their names, what they are used for and their units of measurement.
I. ......................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................... ...............................................................................
II. ......................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................... ............................................................................... III. ....................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ...............................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
...............................................................................
IV. ....................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................... ...............................................................................
V. ...................................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................... ...............................................................................
127
UNIT
8
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WEATHER AND CLIMATE (II)
A Draw a climograph with the following data: MONTH OF THE YEAR
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (ºC)
January
15
22
February
14
21
March
12
29
April
8
54
May
5
134
June
3
141
July
3
129
August
4
116
September
5
58
October
8
39
November
10
25
December
13
32
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
PRECIPITATION (MM)
128
Unit 8. Worksheet III Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
B Answer the following questions about the climograph you have constructed: I. Does it correspond to a city in the northern or in the southern hemisphere? Why? .. .................................................................................................................................. II. Which month registers most precipitation? .............................................................. III. Work out the arithmetic mean of all the temperatures of the year. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. IV. What is the total of number of registered/recorded precipitation? What is the total in litres per square metre? ......................................................................................
C Look at this climograph carefully and answer the following questions: Temperature (°C)
Precipitations (mm) 200
belongs? ………...........……....………
160
………………....…........……........…
120
II. Is it of the Northern or the Southern
40
80
20
40
Hemisphere? Why? ……….…..…......
0
………………....…........……........…
0 © ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
I. To which climatic zone do you think it
–20
III. Why do you think so little precipitation
–40 –60
J F M A M J
J A S O N D
is recorded? …..……........................ ………………....…........……........…
IV. Which is the coldest month? And the most rainy? ………..……......……………...... ………………......….........................................................…………........… V. Where, on Earth, can we find the following latitudes? 1. Between 0° and 30°; ………..…….....................……………...... 2. Between 30° and 60°; ………......…….......... 3. Between 60° and 90°. ………..…....................................…..........
129
UNIT
8
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA
A Identify the atmospheric phenomena in the picture and explain why they are formed. Choose between rain, hail, snow and ice crystals. I. ...................................... ................................... .......................................
I. II. III. IV.
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ II. ..................................... ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
IV. .................................................................................................................................
B In the images you can see how a high pressure area
(anticyclone) and a low pressure area are formed. Answer the following questions: I. Which image corresponds to each one? .............. II. Explain the process of each. ...............................................................................
................................................................................. III. What is wind? ................................................ ...............................................................................
130
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. .................................................................................................................................
UNIT
8
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
A The pictures show Torricelli’s experiment, carried out at sea level and at the summit
of a 4,000 metre-high mountain. Look at the pictures and answer the following questions: I. What is the force that does not allow mercury to fall? ............................................................................ II. As we climb up a mountain, does this force increase or decrease? ………..............……………. III. In Torricelli’s experiment the mercury in the tube fell. To what level? ...................................... IV. What is the equivalent of an atmosphere as a pressure unit? ...................................................... V. Which of the two illustrations corresponds to the experiment carried out at sea level, and which to the summit of a 4,000 metre-high mountain? Why?
A
B
..................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Answer the following questions and fill in the blanks: I. If we blow up a balloon and weigh it, does it weigh more inflated or deflated? .... ................................................................................................................................ II. At sea level, is the pressure higher or lower than 1,000 millibars? …………………. III. When the temperature rises, does the air expand or contract?……..….........…… IV. High pressures are those above ……………...……...……....…. mb. V. What are high pressure areas also called? ………...…...…...…...…...…...…..… VI. In which layer of the atmosphere is atmospheric pressure lower? .................... VII. In which is it higher? …………….......…………………………………………………… VIII. 760 mm of Hg corresponds to ………………………… millibars.
131
UNIT
8
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
A Find information about the famous experiment of Magdeburg hemispheres on the Internet or in any other source, and answer the following questions:. I. Describe briefly what the experiment was about. .....................................…………………………………………………………………… .....................................…………………………………………………………………… .....................................…………………………………………………………………… II. Why are they called the Magdeburg spheres? ........................................................ ............................……………………………………………............……………………… III. In what year was the experiment carried out? ................................................... IV. What was the inventor’s name? ............................................................................... V. What property of the atmosphere was the focus of the experiment? .................
VI. How many horses took part in the experiment? .........................................
B Fill in the following table with the equivalent units: ATMOSPHERES
MILLIBARS
HG MILIMETRES
1.2
990
690
132
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
..............................................................................................................................
UNIT
8
Worksheet VII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
FUNCTIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
A Describe which property of the atmosphere you can see in this image.
Solar radiation
IR absorption by CO2 and water vapour
..................................................... .....................................................
Infrared radiation (IR)
IR reflected by clouds
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
B Explain the relationship between the previous property and this image.
..................................................... .....................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
C I. What do you think? How does the concentration of CO2 influence this property? ......... . II. How does it influence the clouds? .......................................................................... III. In which layer of the atmosphere does this phenomenon take place? .................... IV. In your opinion, can gases from burning fossil fuels or the exhaust fumes of cars influence it? ..............................................................................................................
133
UNIT
8
Worksheet VIII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
A Are the following statements TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)? I. Gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide come from the burning of fossil fuels. II. Reforestation is a method that enables us to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. III. The ashes and smoke from burning are part of the atmosphere. IV. The increase of the greenhouse effect produces a reduction in the Earth’s temperature. V. The depletion of the ozone layer produces an increase in cancer and allergies in human beings. VI. Acid rain destroys the vegetation and the soil. VII. A good way of reducing environmental pollution is by not wasting energy. VIII. Forest fires produce an increase of pollutants in the atmosphere.
B Look at the picture. Identify the phenomenon and explain whether it can be considered
................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................................................................. .................................................................................
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a type of atmospheric pollution.
UNIT
8
Worksheet IX Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
INTERPRETING METEOROLOGICAL MAPS
A Look at the meteorological map and answer the following questions: London
Berlin Prague 50º N
Paris 996 mb
Vienna Berna
Lisbon Madrid
Rome 40º N
Algiers
I. What are meteorological maps used for? .......................................................... II. Is pressure higher or lower than 1,013 millibars in anticyclones? ............................. III. What are isobars? .................................................................................................... IV. What are cold fronts? ............................................................................................... V. Look at the map, is the Iberian Peninsula under the influence of a low pressure area or of an anticyclone? ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
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VI. Which of the following cities are under the influence of an anticyclone: Lisbon, London, Algeria, Madrid, Berne, Prague, and Berlin ……........................................ ...........................................................………………………………………………..... VII. What is the symbol used to indicate hot fronts? Draw a picture of it. ................ .......................................................………………………………………………..... VIII. What is the direction of winds in low pressure areas in the northern hemisphere? ..................................................................................................................... IX. And in anticyclones in the northern hemisphere? ............................................... ...................................................................................................................... X. Draw on the map the anticyclone and the low pressure areas and write down the value of the isobars.
135
UNIT
9
Worksheet I Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WATER
A Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)? I. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. II. Pure water is abundant in nature. III. Ice floats on liquid water, so ice has more density than water. IV. The climate is milder on the coast than inland. V. Water in liquid state existed in the first stages of the formation of the
Earth.
B Complete the following sentences: I. Pure water is made up of …………………………. and ……………………………………. II. The chemical formula of water is ………………………………………………………… III. The characteristics of pure water are: ………………………………………………… IV. Nowadays water covers ………………………….. of the ................. ................. .
C Look at the photo and answer the questions: I. What state is the water in the picture? Explain your answer. …......…...……..........….....………… …......…...……..........….....………… II. Explain two properties of water represented in the photograph. …......…...……..........….....………… …......…...……..........….....…………
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V. At sea level pure water ……………… at 100 °C, and …………………….. at 0 ° C.
UNIDAD UNIT
2 9
Worksheet II Nombre Name and y apellidos: surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Curso:...................................................................... Form: .....................................................................
Fecha:....................................................................... Date: ....................................................................
WATER SALINITY
A Conduct the following experiment. 1. Pour tap water into one glass and tap water with three spoonfuls of salt into another. Ensure that the water in each glass is at the same level. Stir with a spoon until all the salt has dissolved completely. 2. Place a very fresh egg in the glass containing only tap water and see what happens. 3. Take the egg out of the glass with a spoon and put it carefully inside the glass containing the salt. Watch what happens and answer the following questions: I. What happens to the egg? What conclusion can you draw after the experiment? ...... .................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... II. Why do we float less easily in a swimming pool than in the sea? ............................ ...................................................................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Analyse the table and answer the following questions:
MASS OF WATER
SALT CONCENTRATION (AMOUNT OF SALTS/ TOTAL OF AQUEOUS DILUTION)
Swimming pool
500 mg/kg
Dead Sea
360 g/kg
Atlantic Ocean
36 g/kg
Mediterranean Sea
38 g/kg
North Sea
34,5 g/kg
I. What do we call the amount of salt dissolved in water? ................................. II. Which of the water masses shown has the highest quantity of salt per water kilogram? And the least? ........................................................................................................... III. In which of them would it be more difficult for us to float? Why? Order them according to this criteria, starting with the one in which it would be harder for us to float. .........
137
UNIT
9
Worksheet III Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH (I)
A Fill in the blanks: Marine waters have a high ……………………….. and they represent …………………… of the total amount of water on Earth. ……………………………….. liquid waters are formed by groundwater, the water of ………………………….. and …………………….., and that of ……………….. and …………………… We can also find water in a solid state forming the polar ice …………………….. and glaciers. ……………………………. of fresh water on our planet is …………………… .
B Look at the graph and answer the questions: Rivers, 2%
Others, 0,9% Superficial fresh water, 0,3%
Reservoirs, 11%
I. Where can the greatest supply of fresh water be found? What state is it in? ………….......................................……… ………….......................................………
Groundwater, 30,1%
Lakes, 87%
II. Which is the least abundant superficial (surface) fresh water? And the most? ………….......................................………
Ice layers and glaciers, 68,7% Fresh water
Superficial fresh water (liquid)
………….......................................………
C The left part of the graph in the previous activity has become this pie chart. Complete it, drawing in the blank square another pie chart with labels which represent the surface, fresh, liquid water of the planet.
Groundwater 30,1%
Others 0,9% Superficial fresh water 0,3%
Ice layers and glaciers 68,7%
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III. What is more abundant, groundwater or water in reservoirs?
UNIT
9
Worksheet IV Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH (II)
A Identify the types of water shown in the images and explain what you know. A. ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................ ....................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................ ....................................................................................
C. ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
....................................................................................
D. ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................ ....................................................................................
E. ....................................................................................... .............................................................................. ................................................................................ ....................................................................................
139
UNIT
9
Worksheet V Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE WATER CYCLE (I)
A Look at the following picture without labels and write on it all the processes that constitute the water cycle.
III.
II. IV.
Describe briefly the route taken by water that accumulates as ice on a glacier. ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................
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I.
UNIT
9
Worksheet VI Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE WATER CYCLE (II)
A Answer the following questions: I. In your opinion, how do the following atmospheric conditions influence the water cycle? 1. If the temperature is very high, does evaporation increase or decrease? Why? ................................................................................................................... 2. If there is a lot of wind, will water evaporate faster or more slowly? .................... ................................................................................................................................... 3. If humidity in the environment is very high and the temperatures high, will there be more or fewer clouds? Why? .......................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 4. In the desert with low humidity and a high temperature, will there be clouds. Why? Why not? .............................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... II. What happens to the rain water that filters into the earth? ........................................ ...................................................................................................................................
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B I. What system for extracting water can you see in the picture?
………………......…...…………..…………… ………………......…...…………..…………… II. Where is this water located, so that it can be extracted? ………………......…...…………..…………… ………………......…...…………..…………… III. Why does it fill up again when we extract all of its water, for instance for irrigation purposes? ………………......…...…………..…………… ………………......…...…………..……………
141
UNIT
9
Worksheet VII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WATER IN NATURE AND IN LIVING BEINGS
A Fill in the blanks using the following words: sedimentation, river, upper course, erosion, deltas, quickly, meanders, mouth, transportation, stream, middle course, source, slowly, lower course.. The place where a …………… starts is its ………………………. For the first few kilometers, which is the ………….
……….. of a river, the force of …………………
predominates; the slopes are steep and the water flows ………….. . As the river flows along the ………………… ………….. its waters flow more ……………, ………………. predominates and ………………………. appear in the landscape. In the last part of the river, or ………………… …………… the ………………. is slow and …………………………. of materials carried by the river takes place, forming the ………………….., which can be found at the ………………….. of the rivers.
B Label the illustration and answer the following questions: 1.
4.
7. 6. 5.
3.
I. In which part of a river do the waters flow more quickly? …......….…........…………… II. In which part of the river can gorges, torrents and waterfalls, be found? Why? ……............……………........……………........……………....……....………............…… III. What do materials deposited on land by the sea create? ......…....................…..... IV. What approximate percentage of the mass of a living being is water? .............
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2.
UNIT
9
Worksheet VIII Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
A Answer the following questions: I. What type of water is shown in the image? …......…...……....….....…........…………… ………………......…...…………........…………… II. Is it fresh water or salt water? …..................... III. What characteristics should this water have? …......…...……....….....…........…………… ………………......…...…………........……………
B The graph shows the distribution of water consumption in a house. First we have the
consumption of drinkable water, then the consumption of non-drinkable water. Look at it carefully and answer the questions below. 4%
9%
2%
30%
5%
They need drinkable water Shower-bath
Drinking and cooking
Washbasin
Washing up
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
They do not need drinkable water 20% 10%
20%
Toilet
Cleaning the house
Washing machine
Watering plants
I. What percentage corresponds to the need for drinkable water in a house? Explain your answer. ................................................................................................................................ II. What percentage corresponds to the need for non-drinkable water? ....................... .................................................................................................................................. III. Could treated water be used for those activities that do not require drinkable water? Why? Why not? .................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................
143
Unit 9. Worksheet VIII Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Label the picture and answer the following questions. The labels are: treated water
for watering plants; river; extraction well; domestic consumption; farmland; reservoir; drip irrigation; used treated water; water inlet for irrigation; water treatment plant; sewage treatment plant. 1.
4.
2. 5.
3.
11.
6.
7.
8. 10.
9.
I. What is sewage? ...................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. III. Explain five measures you can take in your house to contribute to sustainable water management. 1. ……………………………………........................…………………………………… 2. ……………………………………........................…………………………………… 3. ……………………………………........................…………………………………… 4. ……………………………………........................…………………………………… 5. ……………………………………........................……………………………………
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II. What process does it go through before being returned to the environment? .........
UNIT
9
Worksheet IX Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
WHAT DO WE USE WATER FOR?
A Match the effects and pollutants on the left to the uses of water which cause it. Each use may correspond to more than one type of contamination.
I. Sewage, detergents, shampoos, microorganisms.
1. Leisure time and recreational use
II. Oil waste. 2. Agricultural use III. Fertilizers, manure and pesticides.
3. Industrial use
IV. Chemical pollutants, such as heavy metals.
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V. Solid pollutants (woods, plastics, rock fragments).
4. Mining use
5. Domestic use
B Mark with a cross those uses of water that relate to consumption and non-consumption: USE
CONSUMPTION
NON-CONSUMPTION
I. Obtaining energy in a hydroelectric power plant II. Filling a swimming pool III. Watering a field of beetroot IV. Washing your car V. Refrigerating machines in an industry VI. Washing rocks to separate minerals
145
UNIT
9
Worksheet X Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
USES OF WATER
Look at the map of water consumption per person per year in different countries on the planet.
Water compsuntion per person (m3) in the year 2000 More than 1000 500–1000 250–500 100–250 Less than 100 No data available Source: FAO. 0
1500
3000
4500
6000 km
A Identify all the countries which, according to the label, use more water per
B What was the consumption of water per person in litres in the year 2,000 in the following countries: I. Australia: ........................................................................... II. Argentina: ......................................................................... III. Mexico: ............................................................................. IV. Somalia: .......................................................................... V. Norway: ............................................................................. VI. Saudi Arabia: ................................................................... VII. Russia: ............................................................................
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person in the world. .................................................................................................
UNIT
10
Worksheet I
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
REVISING MINERALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
A Match the properties in the first column to the definitions in the second: PROPERTY
DEFINITION
1. Streak
A. Difficulty with which a mineral may be scratched.
2. Fracture
B. The colour of the mineral when it is made into powder.
3. Lustre
C. Tendency of a mineral to break along flat planar surfaces.
4. Hardness
D. How a mineral looks when it reflects light.
B Mark whether the following statements related to the properties of minerals are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F):
a) The shape of a mineral depends on the ordered disposition of its components. b) The colour a mineral becomes when it is made into powder is called the colour of the mineral.
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c) Hard minerals are those which are difficult to break. d) Cleavage is a type of fracture.
C Answer the following and explain your answer. The shell of molluscs is formed by calcium carbonate, just as calcite is. Can the shell be considered a mineral? ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
147
UNIT
10
Worksheet II
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
A Iceland spar is a transparent variety of calcite. It has a property called birefringence:
that is, we see a double image through it. This mineral looks like glass and, if we hit it, it breaks into rhombohedrons (polyhedrons with six rhombi faces). If some drops of acid are added to it, it produces bubbles.
According to this description, what properties does this mineral have? ................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ..........................................................................................................................
B Lustre is one of the properties used to identify minerals, and there are different types of
lustre. We use the name of the object the mineral looks like in order to give it a name. Thus, when the surface of a mineral looks like a metal we say it has metallic lustre. Use your dictionary and and try to work out what the lustre is called when it looks like: a) Like the glass in a window pane: ......................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. c) Like it is covered in oil:
................................................................................................... d) Like pearls:
...................................................................................................
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b) Like gold:
UNIT
10
Worksheet III
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS
A One of the following sentences is false. Which one is it? Rewrite the sentence correctly.
a) The grains that form rocks are also the minerals that constitute them. .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... b) All rocks are formed by several different minerals. .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... c) The grains that form rocks can be packed together quite or very tightly. .................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Fill in the blanks in the following statements relating to the properties of rocks: a) According to their origin rocks can be…….......…………., …………....…….. and ……....................……..
b) The ……........………. of a rock give it its composition.
c) The composition of the rock consists of the …............................……. that form it. For example, in the case of granite they are .............................................., .......................…………… and …………........................................... .
149
Unit 10. Worksheet III Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Write a factual sentence using the following words: a) Magma, magmatic rocks, solidification. .................................................................................................................... b) Fossils, sedimentary rocks, strata. ...................................................................................................................
D Fill in the blanks in the following sentences to give the definition of the three types of rocks:
a) …………......................……….. rocks are formed from other rocks in the Earth’s crust which are transformed when the ………...….. and the …….......…… on them increases.
b) …………….. rocks are formed when magma cools down and ……………….
c) ……………………….. rocks are formed by the hardening and the transformation of
E Are the following statements related to rocks true or false? Correct the false ones: a) All the rocks are formed by several types of minerals. .................................................................................................................... b) Plutonic and volcanic rocks are metamorphic. .................................................................................................................... c) Some sedimentary rocks demonstrate cleavage. .................................................................................................................... d) Pressure and temperature are the factors that produce metamorphism. ....................................................................................................................
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……………. which is deposited at the bottom of seas or lakes.
UNIT
10
Worksheet IV
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE RESOURCES OF THE GEOSPHERE
A Answer the following questions about minerals and rocks of interest: a) Name three rocks used as building materials. .................................................................................................................... b) Which mineral is used for glass? .................................................................................................................... c) Name two rocks used for ornamental purposes. ....................................................................................................................
B Complete the following sentences, inserting these terms into the correct place: diamond, uraninite, metals, glass, gems, nuclear power plants and emeralds.
a) Metallic ores are minerals used to extract……..............................…… b) The crystals of some minerals have a high value and are called…...........……… The
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
…............……….. and the ……….......................….. are included in this category. c) Quartz is used for ………...........................……. d) Uranium is obtained from the mineral ……………............…, and it is used in ……..........……… ……….............….. ……...............………….
151
UNIT
11
Worksheet I
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
A Read the text carefully and then answer the following questions: “Everything around us is made up of matter, this notebook, water in a river, a tree and even the air, which we do not see, is matter. Matter is everything which occupies a place in space, has mass, and consequently has weight. To describe matter we use its properties, which can be general and specific. We also find that among properties some depend on the amount of matter we take, for example, mass, and others do not, for example, temperature. We call the first ones extensive properties and the second ones, intensive properties.” I. Write down the words whose meaning you do not know. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... II. Look up in the dictionary the meaning of the words you have written in the previous paragraph and write a sentence (different to the one in the text) with each of these words. ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... III. What is the text about? Write down what you consider are the most important points. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................
Unit 11. Worksheet I Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
IV. According to the text, answer the following questions: 1. What is matter? ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 2. What are the properties that depend on the amount of matter called? ............................................................................................................................. 3. And those that do not depend on the amount of matter? ............................................................................................................................. 4. Are general properties the same as specific properties? Why? .............................................................................................................................
B Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F): I. Oxygen is a gas; therefore it is not made up of matter. II. Gases are a type of matter which do not occupy space. III. To differentiate one type of matter from another, we use general properties. IV. All matter occupies space, although some types of matter do not have mass. V. Temperature is an extensive magnitude.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
VI. The mass of a body is an extensive magnitude. VII. Anything that exists outside our planet has no matter. VIII. Galaxies are not constituted by matter.
C Match each of the magnitudes on the left to the two corresponding types of properties listed on the right:
I. MASS
1. GENERAL
II. DENSITY
2. SPECIFIC
III. LENGTH
3. INTENSIVE
IV. TEMPERATURE
4. EXTENSIVE
153
UNIT
11
Worksheet II
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
MAGNITUDES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT
A Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below using the following words: measurement; system; length; properties; magnitudes; unit.
Those ………………. we can observe and measure are called physical ……………….. We use ……………….. instruments in order to know the value of a specific magnitude. In them we read numerical data followed by the corresponding ……... A unique …………… of units has been defined by scientists in order to avoid the use of different units for one and the same physical magnitude, for example, metres and centimetres to indicate a measurement of …………….. .
B Write in the following table the names of two physical magnitudes which can be measured directly, and two others whose measurement can be obtained indirectly. INDIRECT MEASUREMENT
C State which of the following properties can be considered physical magnitudes, writing in the squares YES or NO: I.
Temperature.
II. Mass. III. Happiness. IV. Kindness. V. Height. VI. Speed.
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DIRECT MEASUREMENT
UNIT
11
Worksheet III
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
A Explain why scientists have created the International System of units. ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
B Add the corresponding S.I. (International System) unit to the following measurements: MEASUREMENTS
MAGNITUDE
NUMBER
UNIT
Velocity
37
I.
Volume of a solid body
5.1
II.
Mass of a person
75
III.
Length of a room
4
IV.
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
C Use the following figures and make the changes of unit required: I. 3.5 m =
mm
IV. 65 m3 =
cm3
II. 75 dam2 =
dm2
V. 2,500 cm2 =
hm2
III. 505,250 cm =
km
VI. 755,000 m3 =
hm3
Multiples and submultiples of the square metre
Multiples and submultiples of the cubic metre · 1000
· 100 · 100
· 1000
· 100 · 100 dm2 cm2
÷ 100
dam3
· 1000
÷ 100
dm3
÷ 100 ÷ 100
mm3
cm3
÷ 1000
m3
÷ 1000 ÷ 1000
÷ 1000 ÷ 1 000
÷ 100 ÷ 100
hm3
· 1000
dam2 m2
km3
· 1000
hm2
· 100
mm2
· 1000
km2
· 100
÷ 1000
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Unit 11. Worksheet III Name andnoticia surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Una
D Mark with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ the measurements expressed in S.I.: MAGNITUDE
MEASURED VALUE
YES/NO
Mass of a car
1,500 kg
I.
Temperature of the Sun
5,600 °C
II.
Surface of an orchard
6 hm2
III.
Period of the Earth´s rotation
24 h
IV.
Formula 1 speed
310 km/h
V.
Density of water
1,000 g/dm3
VI.
E Are the following sentences TRUE (T) or FALSE (F): I.
Length can be measured in metres; although in the S.I. we must use kilometres.
II. The volume of a body can be measured in metres. III. An hour is 3,600 s. IV. The mass of a body can be expressed in kilos.
VI. The measurement 60 m3 can express the surface that a body occupies.
F Complete the following chart: PREFIX
SYMBOL
EQUIVALENCE 1 000 000
k Deca Unidad
100 = 1
Centi 0.001 0.000 001
156
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V. To go from m2 to km2 we must divide the corresponding number by a million.
UNIT
11
Worksheet IV
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF MATTER (I)
A Look at the measurement instruments in the photos. Write down the name of each of them and the magnitude each measures.
MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT
MAGNITUDE MEASURED
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
B Fill in the blanks in the following sentences: I. Surface is the …………………… ………………. which expresses the extension of a body in two ………………….. . In the S.I. we measure it in …………………… metres.
II. The physical magnitude that expresses the extension of a body in three dimensions is called ……………. . In the S.I. it is measured in ………………..
……………….. .
III. The maximum volume a specific container can have is called …………………., and it is measured in litres, L or millilitres, ml. The equivalence between the volume unit of the S.I. and the litre is: 1 ….........… = …...................…. L.
IV. To determine the density of a litre in the lab we measure its mass with ……………., and the volume it occupies with a ………………………… ……………………….. .
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Unit 11. Worksheet IV Name andnoticia surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Una
C Explain the difference between mass and weight. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
D The chart shows the densities of several metals: METAL
LEAD
DENSITY
11,340
(kg/m3)
IRON 7,874
MANGANESE 7,470
In the lab we have discovered that 25 g of a metal displaces an approximate volume of 3.18 cm3 in a test tube with water. What metal is it? .......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
E We have two bodies, A and B, with the same volume; but the mass of body A is double the mass of B. Which one is denser? Why?
....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................
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© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
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UNIT
11
Worksheet V
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF MATTER (II)
A Read the text carefully and answer the following questions: “We live in a three dimensional space, where all the bodies occupy a certain dimension. If we want to know their lineal extension, we measure their length; to know their extension in two dimensions, we measure their surface and in three dimension, their volume. The maximum volume a specific container can hold is called capacity, which we usually measure in litres, L. Besides, as all bodies have a certain mass we define a new physical magnitude, density, which is a specific property of matter.” I. What is the text about? Write down the most important information. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... II. Explain the difference between volume and capacity and state two units of each of these two magnitudes. ......................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... III. Express in S.I. units the density of a body whose value is 1g/cm3. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... © ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
IV. Work out the number of litres of water a swimming pool can hold if the pool has the following dimensions: 20m long by 8m wide and 1.5 metres deep. ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
B Match with arrows each magnitude on the left to its most appropriate measurement instrument on the right: MASS
THERMOMETER
TIME
CHRONOMETER
LENGTH
SCALES
TEMPERATURE
METRIC
TAPE MEASURE
159
Unit 11. Worksheet V Name andnoticia surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Una
C Complete the following text, which describes an experiment in the lab, where several words and several quantities are missing. Once you have read the text, can you give it a title?
Choose among the following words: rigidity, particles, density, test tube, scales, chronometer, and tape measure. (Calculate the mass and density of the liquid.) The measurement of the ………….. of an unknown liquid can help us determine what its density is. To do this we measure the mass of an empty test tube with the …………, and the result is 235g. Next, we add 20cm3 of the liquid, and we measure the mass of the …….. …………with the liquid again, and this time the result is 250 g. Therefore the liquid has a mass of ………….
………………., and its density expressed in S.I. units
is …………….. kg/m3. • The title of the experiment could be: ……………………………………………………………………............................………..
D Two identical cubic pieces, one made of wood and the other made of iron, have the following dimensions: 45cm x 30cm x 20cm. We measure the mass of both of them and we find 14.3kg for the wood piece and 212.5kg for the iron piece.
I. Without making any calculations, write down which of the two materials is denser: wood or iron. Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ II. What is the relationship between the density of iron and the density of wood. Bear in mind that a relationship is a division, in this case, the division between the density of iron and that of wood. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ III. Imagine both pieces were hollow. In which of them could we pour more water? Why? How many litres of water could we put inside them? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
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© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
................................................................................................................................
UNIT
12
Worksheet I
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATES OF MATTER
A Complete the text using the following words: particles, heat, rigidity, strongly. The main characteristic we can see in a solid is its ………….. . This happens because the ………………… which make it up are ………………. connected, but a solid can become a liquid if we supply enough ……...............................….. .
B Complete the following table in which we state the characteristics of solids, liquids and
gases. You should state whether they are rigid or not, and whether they have their own shape and volume or they adopt those of the container, with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
PHYSICAL STATE
RIGIDITY
OWN SHAPE
OWN VOLUME
I. Solid
II. Liquid
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. Gas
C Complete the following diagram. Write down above each figure the state of aggregation of the substance.
I.
II.
III.
161
UNIT
12
Worksheet II
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
CHANGES OF STATE OF MATTER
A Cross out the incorrect word in each of the underlined paired words or phrases. Then, explain why you have chosen one option or the other: I. Temperature is an extensive/intensive magnitude ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ II. Changes of state are reversible/irreversible. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ IV. During a change of state the temperature changes/does not change. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
162
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. The change from solid to liquid is called fusion/vaporisation.
Unit 12. Worksheet II Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
B The figure shows an incomplete diagram. You should write down the three states of aggregation of matter in our environment (one in each blank space), and the name of a corresponding change of state.
C Find seven words related to temperature, the states of aggregation of matter, and the
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
changes of state in the following word puzzle:
K
A
C
I
T
U
F
R
N
T
G
E
A
S
A
G
U
E
N
H
C
A
L
O
E
S
S
F
O
E
O
C
O
V
H
A
M
U
I
R
L
E
O
D
I
L
O
S
C
M
B
O
I
L
I
N
G
I
I
A
D
N
A
I
D
E
M
O
L
L
O
D
I
Q
I
L
U
N
U
R
N
O
I
C
I
L
L
U
B
E
D
J
T
N
M
K
M
R
O
T 163
UNIT
12
Worksheet III
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
TEMPERATURE AND THE STATES OF MATTER
A Complete the following text: Temperature is a physical magnitude which we associate with the ………….. level of a body. In the S.I. it is measured in …………., whose symbol is …. . Nevertheless, in daily life we use other units, for example, the ……………..
………………… , whose
symbol is …. .
B The outside temperature of a house in the mountains is –25°. In which state of aggregation would the antifreeze for cars be, if its fusion temperature is –12 °C?
....................................................................................................................................
C As you know, when two bodies are in contact and each of them has a different temperature, the hottest body transfers heat to the coldest. We know that the equivalence between the Kelvin scale and Celsius or centigrade scale is t (°C) = T (k) – 273. Write down which of the two arrows shows the correct transference of heat from one body to the other. Explain your answer.
A: 25°C
B: 280 K
D The figure shows a body before and after heating it. Write down the word “before” or “after” in the blank space on top of the appropriate drawing and explain why.
.......................................................................................................................................
164
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
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UNIT
12
Worksheet IV
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
ATOMS, MOLECULES, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
A Match with an arrow each word on the left to the corresponding statement on the right:
1. A substance made up of molecules with different atoms.
I. ATOM II. MOLECULAR III. MOLECULAR IV. CHEMICAL
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
2. The simplest particle that makes up matter. 3. The process by which two or more atoms join together to form a molecule.
REACTION
4. The aggregate of at least two equal atoms forming a molecule.
B Complete the following diagram:
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
THE ELEMENTS
are classified into
for example
Diamond
for example
Argon
for example
Oxygen
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Unit 12. Worksheet IV Name andnoticia surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Una
C Complete the following diagram, adding in each box the correct name of the compound
written on the left. The possible names from which you should choose are: sulphur dioxide, potassium fluoride, sulphur trioxide, carbon monoxide, iron, carbon dioxide, magnesium chloride, crypton chloride, and manganese chloride. CHEMICAL FORMULA
NAME
SO3 KF CO Fe MgCl2 CO2
D Look at the images and write down which type of pure substance it is; that, is whether it is
166
I. .................................................
II. .................................................
III. .................................................
IV. .................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
an element (atomic, crystalline or molecular) or a compound (molecular or crystalline solid):
UNIT
12
Worksheet V
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
THE PARTICLES THAT FORM MATTER
Read the text carefully and answer the following questions without looking them up in your textbook: “All the matter that surrounds us is made up of some very small particles, called atoms. To get an idea of its size imagine we made a line 1m in length formed of carbon atoms: we would need almost 11 thousand million atoms. There are many types of atoms: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen,……. Atoms can join together forming a bigger unit of matter, called a molecule. These molecules can be very simple, as for instance is the case with the ozone molecule, whose chemical formula is O3, or they can be extraordinarily complex, as is the case with the vitamin B12.” A. What are the particles that make up matter called? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ B. What is an atom? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
C. What is a molecule? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ D. How many carbon atoms could we place along a straight line 1mm in length? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ E. Write down the chemical symbols of all the elements in the text. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
167
UNIT
12
Worksheet VI
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A The following text has some mistakes. Find them and then write down the text correctly:
“Matter can be classified according to its aspect in heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. The first ones have a uniform aspect, that is, all their parts are equal, but both are made up of different substances. For instance, sea water is made up of (pure) water and different salts. All the substances are made up of very small particles, called molecules, which join together, forming atoms.” ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
B Write four examples of pure substances and four mixtures. Also write the substances they are made up of.
PURE SUBSTANCES
168
MIXTURES
THE MIXTURE IS MADE UP OF
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
................................................................................................................................
Unit 12. Worksheet VI Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Look at the images and write down whether the following materials are a pure substance or a mixture. In the case of a pure substance, state whether it is an element or a compound:
I. …………………………
II. ………………………
III. ………..……………
IV. ………………………
V. ………………………
VI. ………………………
D Complete the following diagram:
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER is made up of
are classified into
are classified into
Homogeneous for instance
Elements for instance
for instance
for instance
169
UNIT
12
Worksheet VII
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
METHODS OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES (I)
A Complete the diagram, which shows a different way of classifying matter. Write down the appropriate word in the empty boxes. Use the following terms: filtration, pure substances, elements, decanting, solutions, compounds, distillation. MATTER
Heterogeneous matter
Homogeneous matter
V. ....................
VI. .................... divide into
VII. ....................
their components can be separated by
I. ..................
II. .................
III. ................
IV. ................
B Write down on which properties the following methods of separation are based and what type of mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous) applies to each: METHOD OF SEPARATION Distillation
Filtration Decantation
170
TYPE OF MIXTURE
PHYSICAL PROPERTY IT DIFFERENTIATES
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
VIII. ...................
Unit 12. Worksheet VII Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
C Match with arrows the laboratory material to the separation method it requires. Write down the name of each instrument under the corresponding illustration.
I. ...........................
DISTILLATION
IV. ...........................
FILTRATION II. ...........................
V. ...........................
DECANTATION
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. ...........................
VI. ...........................
D Draw a small diagram showing how you would separate a mixture of water and petrol (liquids do not mix with each other).
171
UNIT
12
Worksheet VIII
Name and surname: ..................................................................................................................................... Form: ......................................................................
Date: .......................................................................
METHODS OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES (II)
A Look at the laboratory instruments, and write down their names, which method(s) of separation is used for each, and what its specific function is:
I. ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................... .............................................................................. ...................................................................................
II. ......................................................................................... ..................................................................................... .............................................................................. ...................................................................................
..................................................................................... .............................................................................. ...................................................................................
IV. ........................................................................................ ..................................................................................... .............................................................................. ...................................................................................
172
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
III. ........................................................................................
Unit 12. Worksheet VIII Name and surname: .....................................................................................................................................
B Complete the following chart, stating in each case which type of mixture it is (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and which technique you would use to separate the substances that make it up: MIXTURE
TYPE OF MIXTURE
METHOD OF SEPARATION
Water solution of salt
Pure water and oil Water, iron dust
C How would you separate the components of a mixture of sand and sugar? Draw a diagram to show the process. Bear in mind that to separate the mixture you have to use two methods of separation; one of them, based on the fact that sand is not soluble, would be filtration.
................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................
© ANAYA ENGLISH. Grupo Anaya, S.A., 1.º ESO. Authorized reproducible material.
................................................................................................................................
• Diagram:
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