Trastornos Neuropsicológicos y Sus Repercusiones

 

Weperoushfles leurfpshof`ÿkhoms y trmstfrlfs leurfpshof`ÿkhofs

Zmtf`fk Zmtf `fkãms ãms leurf leurfpsh pshof of`ÿk `ÿkhom homs s  Mbmshms

Mbeo Mbeotmo tmohfl hfles es Qrmstfrlf Qrmstfrlf m oflseouelo oflseouelohm hm ae ulm ulm `eshÿl m `ms pmrtes pmrtes ae` oeregrf oeregrf respflsmg`es pfr e` `elkumie y pueae omusmr prfg`ecms el `ms shkuheltes aestrezms9 `m expreshÿl, `m ofcprelshÿl, `m `eoturm y `m esorhturm. Exhstel ; thpfs ae mbmshms9 =. Mbmshm mousthof ‟ mklfshom f ae [erlhode (`eshfles tecpfrm`es superhfres)9 Ahbhou`tma pmrm reoflfoer `ms pm`mgrms ae bfrcm ofloretm y el errfres ae su prfauoohÿl. 7. Mbmshm mousthof ‟ mcleshom (`eshfles el `m sekulam ohroulvf`uohÿl tecpfrm`)9 @fs pmoheltes thelel ahbhou`tmaes pmrm reteler hlbfrcmohÿl, es ul trmstfrlf el e` fhaf bflèthof es ulm mcleshm vergm`. ?. Mbmshm mcleshom (`esshfles mlku`mres y tecpfrfoohphtm`es)9   Es ulm ahbhou`tma el `m aelfchlmohÿl e hlversmcelte el `m represeltmohÿl ae` reberelte ae `ms pm`mgrms cmyfrcelte se msfohm ofl ulm pequeým mklfshm vhsum` y ahbhou`tmaes el `m omtekfrhzmohÿl ae fgietfs. 1. Mbmshm secmlthom (`eshfles mlku`mres y suprmcmrkhlm`es)9  _e omrmoterhzm pfr que e` pmohelte ahsorhchlm bflecms perf lf `fkrm ofcprelaer `m re`mohÿl exhstelte eltre `fs checgrfs ae ulm frmohÿl. 5. Mbmshm ae oflauoohÿl (@eshÿl pfsoeltrm` hlberhfr)9  Es hlompmz ae elofltrmr `m pfshohfl maeoumam ae` mpmrmtf bflmafr pmrm `m mrthou`mohÿl ae` `elkumie. E` suietf omreoe ae retrfm`hceltmohÿl sfgre su mpmrmtf bflmafr y se cuestrm mprmxhof el `m prfauoohÿl Bulamceltfs ae leurfpshof`fkãm y Mshklmturm9 ae `elkumie. leurfahmklÿsof eberelte f Mbmshm ae grfom (@eshfles el `m 2. Mbmshm cftfrm teroerm ohroulvf`uohÿl brfltm`)9  _e omrmoterhzm pfr `m aesmutfcmthzmohÿl ae` motf vergm` mrthou`mtfrhf y e` mkrmcmthscf, e` pmohelte pueae prfauohr sflhafs mhs`mafs. Qhele ahbhou`tmaes m` eieoutmr omcghfs leoesmrhfs pmrm pmsmr ae ul bflecm, sh`mgm f Movhama9 pm`mgrm m ftrm.M.M.=. Weperoushfles leurfpshof`ÿkhoms y ;. Mbmshm ahlmchom f mbmshm cftfrm trmlsofrthom` (`eshfles trmstfrlfs leurfpshof`ÿkhofs prebrfltm`es)9  _e omrmoterhzm pfr `m muselohm ae `elkumies espfltmlefs, e` prhcerf preseltm persevermohfles, ofltmchlmohfles y aetelohfles sughtms el e` ahsoursf, es hlompmz ae nmg`mr pfr oumltf omreoe ae ul esquecm expreshvf.

 Mklfshms  Mklfsh ms

Hlompmohama Hlompmohama pmrm pmrm reoflfoer reoflfoer e haelthbhomr haelthbhomr `ms hlbfrcmohfles hlbfrcmohfles que ``ekml ``ekml m trmvès ae `fs selthafs espeohm`celte `m vhstm. Es e` resu`tmaf ae ulm `eshÿl el e` oeregrf ofloretmcelte el `ms írems reoeptfrms seoulamrhms shtumams el e` tí`mcf, estm `eshÿl pueae aegerse m ul trmucmthscf ormlefeloebí`hof, oeregrfvmsou`mr, aecelohm, hltfxhomohÿl ae cflÿxhaf moohaelte ae omrgflf y ftrfs aesÿraeles leurf`ÿkhofs. @ms mklfshms se ahvhael el afs pmrtes prhlohpm`es ae moueraf m ofcf e` pmohelte `fs cmlhbhestm, omge aestmomr que `m mklfshm es cís ofcùl sue`e ser `m vhsum`, y lf mbeotm ae `m oflsohelohm y, f ompmohama ae

 

rmzflmcheltf oflshelte =. Mklfshm peroepthvm9 Hlompmohama ae perohghr `m hlbfrcmohÿl ofcp`etmcelte. (sf`f se reohge `m hlbfrcmohÿl cms aetm``mam y chluohfsm, pfr pmrtes.) 7. Mklfshm msfohmthvm9 hlompmohama ae aesorhghr `m hlbfrcmohÿl reohgham (se reohge `m hlbfrcmohÿl ofrreotmcelte, perf es hlompmz ae aesorhghr`m)  Mcleshms

Exhstel 1 thpfs prhlohpm` prhlohpm`es es ae Mcleshm9 Mcleshm9 =. Mcleshm mlterfkrmam9 Oflshste el `m hlompmohama pmrm reteler hlbfrcmohÿl `uekf ae ulm perturgmohÿl oeregrm`. 7. Mcleshm retrfkrmam9 Es `m hcpfshgh`hama ae evfomr f reoupermr ulm hlbfrcmohÿl prevhmcelte mprelaham. ?. Mcleshm espeohbhom9 _e re`mohflm ofl `m lmturm`ezm ae `m hlbfrcmohÿl que nm ae cecfrhzmrse f retelerse. 1. Mcleshm hlespeohbhom9 _e preseltm pmrm tfaf thpf ae cmterhm` y pueae msuchr oum`quher cfam`hama

 Mprmxhms  Mprmxhm s

Qrmstfrlf Qrmstfrlf el `m eieouohÿl eieouohÿl hltelohflm` hltelohflm` ae ul kestf m oflseouelohm oflseouelohm ae ulm `eshÿl oeregrm`. _e omrmoterhzm pfr `m pèraham ae ompmohama ae ``evmr cfvhcheltfs ae prfpÿshtf, mprelahafs y bmch`hmres, m pesmr ae teler `m ompmohama bãshom (tflf cusou`mr y offrahlmohÿl) y e` aesef ae rem`hzmr`fs. Es aeohr, exhste ulm ahsfohmohÿl eltre `m haem (e` pmohelte smge `f que quhere nmoer) y `m eieouohÿl cftfrm (omreoe ae` ofltrf` ae moohÿl). Exhstel vmrhfs thpfs ae mprmxhms9 =. Mprmxhm guof`hlkufbmohm` (`eshÿl el e` `fgu`f pmrhetm`, pfrohfl mlterhfr `maf hzquheraf)9  Es `m ahbhou`tma que eltrmým e` cfvhcheltf vf`ultmrhf ae `fs cusou`fs hcp`homafs el e` nmg`m4 `mrhlke, bmrhlke, `elkum, `mghfs y ceih``ms. 7. Mprmxhm haefcftfrm9 es `m ahbhou`tma que e` pmohelte thele pmrm rem`hzmr ulm ahvershama ae kestfs, ofcf pueael ser9 shcgf`hofs, expreshvfs, aesorhpthvfs ofrpfrm`es y ae uth`hzmohÿl ae fgietfs. ?. Mprmxhm haemohflm`9  Es `m perturgmohÿl ae` p`ml ae ulm seouelohm ae moohÿl f el `m m`termohÿl ae `m suoeshÿl `ÿkhom y mrcflhom ae kestfs e`eceltm`es. M`kulfs ae estfs kestfs rem`hzmr  ulm tmrem ofcf pfr eiecp`f ``mcmr pfr te`ebflf. 1. Mprmxhm ae` vesthr (`eshÿl el e` `fgu`f pmrhetm`, nechsberhf hzquheraf)9 Hcp`hom ulm m`termohÿl el e` oflfohcheltf ae` ouerpf y ae su resm`ohÿl ofl `fs fgietfs y ofl e` espmohf el e` oum` se aesp`mzm. 5. Mprmxhm oflstruoohflm`9 Este thpf ae mprmxhm es quhzm e` cís ofcul, pueae aebhlhrse ofcf ul aebeotf ae msfohmohÿl eltre `m peroepohÿl vhsum` y `m moohÿl mprfphmam. 2. Mprmxhm fou`fcftfr9 _e omrmoterhzm pfr `m ahbhou`tma pmrm cfver `fs fifs ae bfrcm aesemam.

 Moohaeltes  Moohaeltes oeregrfvmsou`mres

_e rebherel m `m m`termohÿl el `m hrrhkmohÿl smlkuãlem ae` oeregrf. _e ahvhae el gíshomcelte 7 cfam`hamaes9 fgstruoohÿl ae` b`uif smlkuãlef y necfrrmkhm. =. @m ecgf`hm ecgf`hm oeregrm`9 oeregrm`9 Es Es `m fo`ushÿl fo`ushÿl ae ul vmsf eloebm`hof eloebm`hof m omusm omusm ae ul ecgf`f, represeltmaf pfr ul ofmku`f smlkuhlef krmsf f

 

kmsefsf, resu`tmaf ae elberceamaes omrahmoms f trmstfrlfs vmsou`mres extrmoeregrm`es. 7. Moohaeltes Moohaeltes necfrrmkho necfrrmkhofs9 fs9 Wesu`tm Wesu`tm ae ulm ulm rupturm rupturm ae ae ul mleurhscm. Exhste cmyfr breouelohm ae moohaeltes oeregrfvmsou`mres el `m rekhÿl ae `m mrterhm oeregrm` ceahm hzquheram. _e kelerml bfrcms k`fgm`es ae mbmshms el tfafs `fs lhve`es ae `elkumie. El `m mrterhm oeregrm` mlterhfr se preseltm ul trmstfrlf pmrthou`mr el e` `elkumie resu`tmlte omrmoterhzmam pfr ul perhfaf hlhohm` ae cuthscf sekuhaf ae ulm mbmshm trmlshtfrhm.  Mrterhm oeregrm` oeregrm` pfsterhfr, pfsterhfr, el estm estm se preseltm preseltm ulm ulm mbmshm ÿpthom, m`exhm m`exhm vergm`, vergm`, ahbhou`tma pmrm revhsum`hzmr e` reberelte ae ulm pm`mgrm.

Lefp`mshms Qucfres oe oeregrm`es

Ul tu tucfr es es ul ul of ofliultf ae ae oè oè`u`ms qu que or oreoel y se cu cu`thp`homl ae ae bf bfrcm mlÿcm`m, @fs tucfres oeregrm`es pueael ser prhcmrhfs, oumlaf se bfrcml m pmrthr ae `ms prfphms oè`u`ms que ofcpflel `fs teihafs oeregrm`es y cetmstíshofs. Oumlaf su frhkel estí `fom`hzmaf el ftrm zflm ae` frkmlhscf que se nm ahsechlmaf el e` oeregrf. @fs tucfres oeregrm`es se ahvhael el bfom`es y oeregrm`es9 Bfom`es9 Oflvu`shfles, pmrí`hshs, mbmshms, mprmxhms, mklfshms, mbeoohfles ae pmres ormlem`es. Kelerm`es (se aegel pfr e` muceltf el `m preshÿl hltrmormlem`)9   Oebm`ems, líusems y vÿchtfs, cmrefs, oflvu`shfles kelerm`hzmams, pmph`eaecm.

Qrmucmthscf ormlefeloebí`hof

@eshÿl ahreotm ae `ms estruoturms ormlem`es, eloebí`homs f celãlkems que se preseltm ofcf oflseouelohm ae ul mkelte ceoílhof exterlf y pueae frhkhlmr ul aeterhfrf bulohflm` ae` ofltelhaf ormlem` Qhpfs ae trmucmthscf9 @eve9 Zèraham ae oflohelohm celfr m ?: chl, af`fr ae omgezm oflbushÿl y mcleshm. Cmyfr reoupermohÿl leurf`ÿkhom ofcp`etm. Cfaermaf9 E` pmohelte se eloueltrm `etírkhof y estupfrfsf. _e requhere nfsphtm`hzmohÿl y pueael leoeshtmr ulm hltervelohÿl lefquhrùrkhom. Cmyfr  prfgmgh`hama ae nm``mzkfs mlfrcm`es el leurfhcmkel. Krmve9 E` pmohelte lf pueae mgrhr sus fifs, sekuhr ÿraeles y subre ae `eshfles leurf`ÿkhoms shklhbhomthvms. Leurfhcmkel mlfrcm`, se requhere

hlkresf m UOH. Aecelohm

_hlarfce aeghaf m `m ahsbulohÿl ae `fs nechsberhfs oeregrm`es que prfauoel aeshltekrmohÿl ae `m oflauotm el `fs p`mlfs hlte`eotum` y ecfohflm` m`termlaf shklhbhomthvmcelte `m bulohÿl sfohm` y `mgfrm`.

 

Es ul sãlarfce que hcp`hom e` aeterhfrf ae `m cecfrhm, e` hlte`eotf, e` ofcpfrtmcheltf, y `m ompmohama pmrm rem`hzmr mothvhamaes ae `m vham ahmrhm. @ms aecelohms pueael ser9 Zreselh`es y selh`es9 eama ae hlhohf. Qrmtmg`es f hltrmtmg`es 9 Ebeothvhama ae` trmtmcheltf Ofrthom`es y sugofrthom`es 9 Ofcprfchsf oeregrm` cms hcpfrtmlte 

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m` hlhohf ae `m elberceama. @ms aecelohms sugofrthom`es prfkreshvmcelte preseltml ofcprfchsf ofrthom`, y `ms ofrthom`es shklfs f sãltfcms sugofrthom`es. 

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Qrmstfr Qrm stfrlf lf aèbhoht aèbhoht ae ae mtelohÿl mtelohÿl

_ugofrthom`es9 preseltml oflshstelte m`termohÿl ae` shstecm cftfr  ofl trmstfrlfs el `m vergm`hzmohÿl, tm`es ofcf nhpfbflãm y ahsmrtrhm. Ofrthom`es9 Zreseltml trmstfrlfs leurfpshof`fkhofs bfom`hzmafs, tmltf ofcf mcleshms, mklfshms, mbmshms y mprmxhms.

_e omrmot omrmoterhz erhzm m pfr e e`` aèbhoht aèbhoht mtelo mtelohflm hflm`, `, cmyfrce cmyfrcelte lte se se eloueltr eloueltrm m `hkmaf `hkmaf el ofcfrgh`hama ofl sãltfcms ae nhpermothvhama e hcpu`shvhama. _helaf este e` cís ofcùl. Qhpfs ae QAMN9 =. Hlmteltf9 @fs pmoheltes preseltml shltfcmtf`fkãm oeltrmam el `m esberm ae `ms ahbhou`tmaes ae mtelohÿl y ofloeltrmohÿl. 7. Nhpermothvf/hcpu`shvf9 E` pmohelte preseltm su shltfcmtf`fkãm oeltrmam el `m mothvhama cftfrm. ?. Ofcghlmaf9 @fs pmoheltes preseltml mcgfs thpfs ae shltfcms. _ãltfcms ae` QAMN9  

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 Muthscf

Ahbhou`tma ae ofloeltrmohÿl y mtelohÿl. Ahbhou`tma pmrm hlnhghr f brelmr `fs hcpu`sfs, pfr e``f thelel hcpu`shvhama. Ahbhou`tma el reku`mr e` lhve` ae mothvhama, prfauohelaf hlquhetua pshofcftfrm e nhpermothvhama.

Ofliultf Ofliultf ae trmstfrlfs trmstfrlfs ofcp`eifs ofcp`eifs ae` aesmrrf``f aesmrrf``f leurf`ÿkh leurf`ÿkhof, of, omrmoterhzmaf pfr ahbhou`tmaes el `ms re`mohfles sfohm`es, m`termohfles ae `m ompmohama ae ofculhomohÿl y pmtrfles ae oflauotm esterefthpmafs, restrhlkhafs y repeththvfs. Omrmoterãsthoms9 Extrecm sf`eama, cecfrhm exoe`elte, aesef fgseshvf ae hlvmrhmlohm mcgheltm`, `hchtmohfles el `m vmrheama ae `m mothvhama espfltmlem, eof`m`hm, shl ofltmotf vhsum`, ahbhou`tmam pmrm re`mohflmrse ofl `ms

persflms, reshstelohm m `fs omcghfs, eto. Qhpfs ae muthscf9 Msperker 9 Muthscf `eve. _e omrmoterhzm pfr `m bm`tm ae ecpmtãm respeotf m `m sfoheama, `m fgseshÿl. Zfr aeterchlmams moohfles f mothvhamaes y

 

pfr aesmrrf``mr ul ofebhohelte hlte`eotum` pfr elohcm ae `m ceahm. Ae Wett9 Mpmreoe bulamceltm`celte el cuieres y mulque es ulm mbeoohÿl rmrm. Ofl``evm ulm krml ahbhou`tma ae` aesmrrf``f ae` `elkumie, msã ofcf ae nmgh`hamaes cftrhoes. Ae aeshltekrmohÿl hlbmlth`9 _e omrmoterhzm pfr ul prfbulaf aeterhfrf ae `ms ompmohamaes y nmgh`hamaes maquhrhams el kelerm`. Kelerm`celte se pherae e` nmg`m y `m ompmohama ae ofculhomohÿl ofl `m sfoheama.

Wetrmsf celtm`

Ahsompmohama hlte`eotum`. Zersflms ofl leoeshamaes eauomthvms espeohm`es. @m eselohm ae este trmstfrlf es e` aèbhoht hlte`eotum`. Qhpfs ae retrmsf celtm`9 Ofklhthvmcelte9 Frheltmohÿl nmohm `f ofloretf, ekfoeltrhscf, ahstrmothgh`hama y pfom ompmohama ae mtelohÿl. @m nhpermothvhama selsfrhm` pueae oflauohr m oflauotms aesgframltes, m `m evhtmohÿl ae estãcu`fs y m `m leoeshama ae prfoesmr estãcu`fs m lhve` ae hltelshama gmifs. Ecfohflm`celte9 thelel ahbhou`tma pmrm expresmr selthcheltfs y perohghr mbeotfs tmltf el sh chscf ofcf el `fs ftrfs. @m expreshvhama ae `m mbeothvhama pueae estmr cfahbhomam pfr `fs hcpeahceltfs bãshofs. Wetrmsf ae` nmg`m9 que pueael hlnhghr `m expreshÿl mbeothvm `f que oflauoe m hlstmlohms ae ulm nhpermothvhama mbeothvm mpmrelte que hlo`uye ulm hrm hcpu`shvm y gmim tf`ermlohm m `m brustrmohÿl. Ahbhou`tmaes mamptmthvms9 @ms ofcp`eihamaes lfrcm`es ae `ms hltermoohfles ahmrhms pueael pfler m pruegm `fs `hchtes ofklhthvfs ae` WC. El omsfs extrecfs e` aesofltrf` hcpu`shvf pueae oflauohr m `m vhf`elohm. Wemoohfles ecfohflm`es prhchthvms 9 m `m brustrmohÿl y m `m telshÿl pueael hcp`homr remoohfles mkreshvms, mutf`eshvms, f mutfesthcu`mltes.

Ahsmrtrhms

Ahsom`ou`hm

Qrmstfrlf ae prfkrmcmohÿl cftfrm ae` nmg`m. @fs cùsou`fs ae `m gfom, omrm y e` shstecm resphrmtfrhf se pueael aegh`htmr, cfverse ofl `elthtua f lf cfverse el mgsf`utf aespuès ae ul aerrmce oeregrm` u ftrm `eshÿl oeregrm`. E` thpf y krmveama ae `m ahsmrtrhm aepelaerí ae que pmrte ae` shstecm lervhfsf se ve mbeotmam. _e preseltml ahbhou`tmaes el e` eltelahcheltf ae ofloeptfs lucèrhofs shcp`es, bm`tm ae ulm ofcprelshÿl hltuhthvm ae `fs lùcerfs y thelel prfg`ecms el e` mprelahzmie ae lùcerfs y prfoeahcheltfs lucèrhofs. Qhpfs ae Ahsom`ou`hm9 =. Rergm`9 Ahbhou`tma el lfcgrmr `ms omlthamaes cmtecmthoms lucerfs y terchlfs. 7. Ahs`exhom9 Ahbhou`tma el `m esorhturm. ?. Haefklfsthom9 Ahbhou`tma pmrm nmoer fpermohfles celtm`es. 1. Fpermohflm`9 Ahbhou`tma pmrm nmoer `ms fpermohfles esorhtms.

 

Qr Qrms mstf tfrl rlf f aes aeshl hlte tekr krmt mthv hvf f

Qmcg Qmcghè hèl l of oflf lfoh ohaf af ofcf ofcf psho pshofs fshs hs aesh aeshlt ltek ekrm rmth thvm vm ae Nè`` Nè``er er.. _e omrmoterhzml pfr ulm perturgmohÿl krmve y kelerm`hzmam ae vmrhms írems ae` aesmrrf``f9 nmgh`hamaes pmrm hltermoohÿl sfohm`, ofculhomohÿl, f `m preselohm ae ofcpfrtmcheltfs e hltereses y mothvhamaes esterefthpmafs.

Ahslfchm

Ahbhou`tma que thelel `ms persflms ofl m`kùl thpf ae amýf oeregrm`, aeterhfrf f ahsbulohÿl. Zmrm reoupermr `ms pm`mgrms f pmrm prfauohr `fs sflhafs que `ms ofcpflel.

Ghg`hfkrmbãm9 F`ceaf, @. (7:=5). Cmlum` te trmstfrlfs leurfpshof`ÿkhofs. _`haesnmre. nttps9//es.s`haesnmre.let/@uohfF`ceaf/cmlum`-te-trmstfrlfs-leurfpshof`fkhofs1;7551??