Transistores

 

 V\BOZÍZVG\NZ Íofdjn  V\BOZÍZVG\ FN A^OÅÊG LD[GHB\ Jgostdtudåêg n Vdpgs Dfnotdcdjbåêg fg tdpg fg trbosístgr n fgs tnrmdobds Cuojdgobmnotg Mgotbenm fn Nmdssgr Jgmum Qgobs fn Cuojdgobmnotg Nspnjdcdjbåþns fg Vrbosístgr \njtb fn Jbreb ^tdhdzbåêg jgmg Jgmutbfgr G Vrbosístgr jgmg Cgotn fn Jgrrnotn Jdrjudtgs fn pghbrdzbåêg  Bmphdcdjbfgr fn Nmdssgr Nmdssgr Jgmum G Mgfnhg fn Nlnrs-Mghh fg Vrbosístgr  Boâhdsn fg Bmphdcdjbfgr fn Nmdssgr Jgmum  Bmphdc. N. J. jgm jgm \nsdst. fn Jbreb n C Cgotn gotn jgm \nsdst \nsdstáojdb áojdb dotnrob  Bmphdcdjbfgr fn Nmdssgr Nmdssgr Jgmum jgm \ \nsdstáojdb nsdstáojdb fn Nmdss Nmdssgr gr  Bmphdcdjbfgr fn Jghnjtgr Jghnjtgr Jgmum

< < : 6 3 0 4 2< 26 2> 25 :

 

 Vrbosístgr fn Auoåêg Ldpghbr

 V\BOZÍZVG\ FN FN A^OÅÊG LD[GHB\ Jgostdtudåêg n Vdpgs G Vrbosístgr Ldpghbr ä jgostdtuífg pgr fubs auoåþns [O n trás tnrmdobds, (Jghnjtgr, Lbsn n Nmdssgr) jgm bs sneudotns jgocdeurbåþns1  Vrbosístgr O[O O[O

Vrbosístgr [O[

Nxdstnm trbosístgrns fn sdhíjdg n fn enrmìodg mbs gs mbds utdhdzbfgs sêg gs prdmndrgs. Jbfb umb fbs trás jbmbfbs fn snmdjgofutgr bprnsnotb jbrbjtnrístdjbs prúprdbs1 - G Nmdssgr ä mudtg fgpbfg, dstg ä, tnm umb pnrjnotbenm mbds nhnvbfb fn dmpurnzbs9 - B Lbsn ä mudtg cdob n pgujg fgpbfb9 - G Jghnjtgr tnm umb fgpbenm dotnrmäfdb n um vghumn mbdgr. Gs fgds tdpgs bprnsnotbm gs sneudotns símlghgs, nm jbfb um fgs qubds, b sntb dofdjb g tnrmdobh fg Nmdssgr, bpgotbofg pbrb umb zgob O n dofdjbofg g snotdfg fb rnspnjtdvb jgrrnotn1 O[O [O[

jbfb fnhns, pgfnm snr jgovnojdgobfgs gs snotdfgs dofdjbfgs, snofg [brb vâhdfbs bs um rnhbåþns1  Vrbosístgr O[O DN = DL + DJ  ^JN = ^JL + ^LN   Vrbosístgr [O[ DN = DL + DJ  ^NJ = ^NL + ^LJ 

p. ≦ S LLNN ≦ ;,4> S ; 8 S JJNN 8 ;,< S DL = ; DJ ≀ ;  S LLNN ≦ ;,> S

Bonxg 2

p. 22

 

 Vrbosístgr fn Auoåêg Ldpghbr

\njtb fn Jbreb ^mb mbondrb fn gltnr g pbr fn vbhgrns DJ, ^JN, pbrb  vârdgs vbhgrns fn \ L gu fn ^LL, jgosdstn nm fntnrmdobr b rnjtb fn jbreb fg jdrjudtg n fnsno`â-hb sglrn b jbrbjtnrístdjb fn sbífb.  B rnjtb fn jbreb rnprnsnotb gs vârdgs vbhgrns fn DJ, nm cuoåêg fn ^JN, pbrb um fbfg pbr fn vbhgrns fn \ J  n fn ^JJ. Zblnofg nstns vbhgrns, b jgrrnotn DJ snrâ1 ^JJ ∜ ^JN   DJ = \ J Nstb ä b nqubåêg fn umb rnjtb qun pgfnmgs fnsno`br, b pbrtdr fb fntnrmdobåêg fn fgds pgotgs1 Cbznofg1 ^JN = ; DJ = ;

Snm1 DJ = ^JJ / \ J  ^JN = ^JJ 

 B rnjtb tnrâ, pgrtbotg fgds pgotgs fncdodfgs1 (^JN = ;, DJ = ^JJ/\ J) n (^JN = ^JJ, DJ = ;)  B cdeurb sneudotn mgstrb b rnjtb fnsno`bfb sglrn b jbrbjtnrístdjb fn sbífb fg trbosístgr1

Ob rnjtb, pgfnmgs glsnrvbr trás pgotgs>1 Z ‚ [gotg fn Zbturbåêg ‚ jgrrnspgofn b um vbhgr mudtg lbdxg fn \ L, fbofg grdenm b jgrrnotns fn lbsn n fn jghnjtgr cgrtns qun cbznm g trbosístgr notrbr ob zgob fn sbturbåêg n b umb tnosêg ^JN mudtg lbdxb9 J ‚ [gotg fn Jgrtn ‚ qubofg DL sn bouhb, DJ ä mudtg prúxdmb fn ;, g trbosístgr notrb ob zgob fn jgrtn n ^JN  = ^JJ, umb vnz qun oêg `â qunfb fn tnosêg nm \ J9 R ‚ [gotg fn Cuojdgobmnotg ‚ ä g pgotg nm qun g trbosístgr cuojdgob ob zgob bjtdvb. > Rubofg

sn prntnofn fntnrmdobr g pgotg fn cuojdgobmnotg fn um trbosístgr, supþnsn qun nhn nstâ ob zgob bjtdvb. Dssg pgfn fbr grdenm b vbhgrns dmpgssívnds, og jbsg fn nstbr ë sbturbåêg9 nstâ ob sbturbåêg. pgrtbotg, qubofg dssg bjgotnjn, pgfnmgs jgojhudr qun g trbosístgr

p. 2 i ℣, ;; i ℣   Sbmgs fntnrmdobr g prdmndrg pgotg, cbznofg ^JN = ;1 DJ = 2< / ;,>3 = ; mB9 onssn jbsg, sn nstdvnr ob zgob fn sbturbåêg (DJ 8 `CN .DL), DJ  = 66,3 = ;,56mB   DL ? 3; `CN [brb gltnr nssb jgrrnotn, ä prnjdsg qun1 > ∜ ;,5 ^LL ∜ ^LN   = = >,0i ℣   \ L 8 ;,56 DL Zn ebrbotdrmgs qun DL tno`b um vbhgr supnrdgr b ;,56 mB, g trbosístgr nstbrâ ë sbturbåêg. [brb dssg, lbstb usbr umb rnsdstáojdb fn lbsn jgm um vbhgr mbds lbdxg fg qun nstn, pgr nxnmphg 2,0 i ℣ (vbhgr ogrmbhdzbfg).

G Vrbosístgr jgmg Cgotn fn Jgrrnotn ^mb cgotn fn jgrrnotn fnvn mbotnr umb jgrrnotn jgostbotn pbrb vârdgs vbhgrns fn jbreb. Jgm umb pdh`b gu umb lbtnrdb, dssg oêg bjgotnjn. [gr nxnmphg, sn hdebrmgs b umb pdh`b fn 2,> S, umb rnsdstáojdb fn 2>; ℣, tnrnmgs umb jgrrnotn fn 2; mB9 mbs sn hdebrmgs umb rnsdstáojdb fn 2> ℣, b jgrrnotn bumnotb pbrb 2;; mB. Rubotg mbdgr ä b rnsdstáojdb, mnogr snrâ b jgrrnotn. [gfnmgs sdmuhbr umb cgotn fn jgrrnotn jgm umb pdh`b nm särdn jgm umb rnsdstáojdb nhnvbfb1

Jgmg sn vá, b jgrrnotn ä lbdxb, mbs ä prbtdjbmnotn deubh, obs fubs rnsdstáojdbs fn jbreb1 b rnhbåêg notrn bs jgrrnotns fndxb fn snr fn 2 pbrb 2;, jgmg og jbsg botnrdgr.  Bs cgotns fn jgrrnotn tám rnsdstáojdbs dotnrobs nhnvbfbs1 umb cgotn fn jgrrnotn dfnbh tnm rnsdstáojdb dotnrob docdodtb. G snu símlghg ä1 Hdebofg umb rnsdstáojdb bg nmdssgr fg trbosístgr n rntdrbofg b rnsdstáojdb fn lbsn, gltnmgs umb cgotn fn jgrrnotn qun cuojdgob lnm, notrn fntnrmdobfgs hdmdtns fn rnsdstáojdb fn jbreb.

p. 2>

 

 Vrbosístgr fn Auoåêg Ldpghbr

Og jdrjudtg, tnmgs1  S N = S LLLL ‚ S LLNN  DN = S N / \ N  Jgmg DJ  ≀  DN, ob rnsdstáojdb \ J, pbssb umb jgrrnotn jgostbotn, qubhqunr qun snab g vbhgr fn \ J (fnotrg fn fntnrmdobfgs hdmdtns).  Snabmgs g qun sn pbssb pbssb n jgmg ä qu qunn dstg ä pgssív pgssívnh. nh.  Snabmgs g sneudotn nxnmphg1 [rntnofn-sn qun, ob rnsdstáojdb \ J  fg sneudotn jdrjudtg, b jgrrnotn DJ snab fn 2; mB, pbrb fdcnrnotns vbhgrns fb rnsdstáojdb fn jbreb.

Run vbhgrns fnvnmgs tnr nm S LLLL n nm \ N7 [brb gltnr gs 2; mB nm DJ, tnmgs qun tnr um vbhgr bprgxdmbfg nm DN  n, sn cdznrmgs S LLLL = 2,5 S, tnrnmgs1 \ N = (S LLLL ‚ S LLNN) / DN = (2,5-;,5)/2; = ;,2 = 2;; ℣   B tnosêg bgs tnrmdobds fn \ N ä b tnosêg S N = 2,5 ‚ ;,5 = 2 S.  Begrb, vbmgs vnr g qun bjgotnjn bjgotnjn sn \ J = >;; ℣. Vnrnmgs1  S JJJJ = \ J.DJ + S JJNN + S N, gu snab1  S JJNN = S JJJJ ‚ \ J.DJ ‚ S N = ‚ ;,> Õ 2; ‚ 2 = 24 S [brb \ J = < i ℣, tnrnmgs1  S JJNN = S JJJJ - \ J.DJ - S N = ‚ < Õ 2; ‚ 2 = 6 S G qun sn pbssb ä qun pbrb DJ pnrmbonjnr jgostbotn, S JJNN vbrdb fnotrg fgs hdmdtns1 2 S (pbrb ebrbotdr qun g trbosístgr nstnab ob zgob bjtdvb) n  S JJJJ ‚ S N, (og jbsg hdmdtn fn \ J = ;). Og jbsg fg nxnmphg, g vbhgr mâxdmg fn \ J snrdb g qun prgvgjbssn umb qunfb fn tnosêg1 \ J.DJ = S JJJJ ‚ S JJNN ‚ S N = ‚ 2 ‚ 2 = = 2:,0 S [brb `CN = :;;1 DJ = :;;Õ;,;3> = 24, > mB ^JN = 2> ‚ ;,20 Õ 24,> = 2:,0 S Jgmg sn vá, b um bumnotg fn `CN  pbrb g trdphg, jgrrnspgofn um bumnotg deubh fn DJ.

[brb nvdtbr dssg, pgfn-sn jghgjbr umb rnsdstáojdb og nmdssgr. p. 25

 

 Vrbosístgr fn Auoåêg Ldpghbr

S, \ J = >3; ℣, \ L = 20; i ℣ n \ N = 2>; ℣   Vnrnmgs, pbrb `CN = 2;;1 2> ∜ ;,5 ^JJ ∜ ^LN = = ;,;5:mB  DL = + + + Õ ( 2). 20; 2;2 ;,2> \ L `CN \ N   DJ = `CN . DL = 2;; Õ ;,;5: = 5,:mB  DN = (`CN + 2). DL = 2;2 Õ ;,;5: = 5,6mB  ^JN = ^JJ ∜ \ J . DJ ∜ \ N . DN = 2> ∜ ;,>3 Õ 5,: ∜ ;,2> Õ 5,6 = 4,0S  N, pbrb `CN = :;;1 2> ∜ ;,5 = ;,;36mB  DL = 20; + :;2 Õ ;,2>   DJ = :;; Õ ;,;36 = 24, ∜ ;,>3 Õ 24,< ∜ ;,2> Õ 24,: = 2,6S 

p. 20 

 

 Vrbosístgr fn Auoåêg Ldpghbr

Jgmg sn vá, pbrb um bumnotg fg ebo`g fn 2;; pbrb :;;, b jgrrnotn bumnotgu fn 5,: pbrb 24,< mB1 um bumnotg fn 2mB   DL =   = ;,;mB   DL = 2;2 Õ 2,< + 2;; :;2 Õ 2,< + 2;; DJ=2;;Õ;,;>2=>,2mB DJ=:;;Õ;,;=5,:>mB ^JN=22)=>,0S ^JN=2