TRANSFORMADORES

 

_kvmsnbl Gmiuka Gkaíebkz _mhnrbl Xkpúavkbn

Nprlonbl Gmiuka Gkaíebkz

Gneuna bk Hletkembl bka Pnrtmhmpnetk

Rrnesclrgnblrks

RT-RKP-0008 KXPNÞLA

 

Prlpøsmtl y Lojktmvls bk kstk Gneuna

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tkebrî hlgl prlpøsmtl Kstk gneuna tkebrî prlpøsmtl plsmomamtnr plsmomamtnr ka bksnrrlaal bka als hlelhmgmketls hlelhmgmketls tíhemhls oîsmhls rkqukrmbls slork trnesclrgnblrks. Als lojktmvls bk kstk gneuna sk lrmketne na hugpamgmketl bk als smiumketks puetls:

Kxpamhnr als prmehmpmls bk cuehmlengmketl.

Mbketmcmhnr als bmstmetls tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks.

Bmckrkehmnr als bmstmetls hlgpleketks bk ue trnesclrgnblr.

Bkshrmomr ans cnaans y gnetkemgmketl.

Ks mgplrtnetk hlgprkebkr ans hleskhukehmns quk ka bkshlelhmgmketl bk als hlehkptlss y prmehmpmls kxpamhnbls hlehkptl kxpamhnbls ke kstk gneuna gneuna pukbk lhnsmlenr lhnsmlenr ke an skiurmbnb y hnambnb bka prlbuhtl cmena.

 

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Høgl [tmamznr kstk Gneuna

Kstk gneuna bktnaan als hlehkptls oîsmhls rkanhmlenbls hle ka cuehmlengmketl bk als trnesclrgnblrks. Ke ka gneuna [b. plbrî kehl kehletrnr etrnr mecl meclrgnhmø rgnhmøee bktnaanbn slo slork rk als trnescl trnesclrgnbl rgnblrks, rks, sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns prmehmpnaks, nspkhtls rkakvnetks bk su cuehmlengmketl, plsmoaks cnaans y nhhmleks bk gnetkemgmketl n aakvnr n hnol. Hletnrî, nsmgmsgl, hle nhtmvmbnbks pnrn ncmneznr tlbls als hlelhmgmketl bksnrrlaanbls n al anril bka gneuna.

HNPÇR[AL > Metrlbuhhmøe

;

HNPÇR[AL 9 33 Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

HNPÇR[AL ? >3 Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

HNPÇR[AL 4 Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

4;

HNPÇR[AL 8 Cuehmlengmketl

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HNPÇR[AL = Gnetkemgmketl

=2

HNPÇR[AL 2 Pírbmbns

88

HNPÇR[AL >0 Cnaans

HNPÇR[AL ; Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

2?

HNPÇR[AL 3 ;4 Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

NEKTL Hlehkptls Ikekrnaks Xmgolaliçn

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>>;

 

Høgl [tmamznr kstk Gneuna

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Ka gneuna hletmkek pkqukþns cmiurns quk sk rkpmtke ke tlbls als hnpçtuals y quk sle uen clrgn bk lrinemznhmøe bk an meclrgnhmøe pnrn dnhkr gîs cîhma y bmeîgmhn an akhturn. Kstns cmiurns sk bkelgmene çhlels. N hletmeunhmøe dny uen bkshrmphmøe bkshrmphmøe bk an utmamznhmøe bk hnbn hnbn çhlel, ks bkhmr kkee quí lplrtuembnb npnrkhke:

IALXN_ML

_KH[K_BK

NEKTL

Kxpamhn tírgmels y smians.

_kcukrzn ue hlehkptl yn gkehmlenbl ke ka tkxtl bka gneuna.

Prlcuebmzn hlehkptls.

GNERKEMGMKERL

P_KI[ERNX

NRKEHMØE

_ksnatn prlhkbmgmketls ekhksnrmls bk gnetkemgmketl.

Prksketn prkiuetns bmspnrnblrns.

Bkstnhn hlehkptls mgplrtnetks.

KJKGPAL

NHRMSMBNB

KTNGKE CMENA

Maustrn hle smtunhmleks rknaks als tkgns trntnbls.

Xkþnan ka hlgmkezl bk ue kjkrhmhml quk ak pkrgmtmrî rkclrznr al nprkebmbl.

Xkþnan ka hlgmkezl bk an kvnaunhmøe kvnaunhmøe cmena.

CME BK HNPÇR[AL

CME BK GNE[NA

Xkþnan an cmenamznhmøe bka hnpçtual.

Xkþnan an cmenamznhmøe bka gneuna.

 

>

Rrnesclrgnblrks

Metrlbuhhmøe RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL >

Kstk hnpçtual metrlbuhk als hlehkptls oîsmhls bk trnesclrgnblrks.

>.> [sls bka Rrnesclrgnbl Rrnesclrgnblrr

3

>.? Akyks Cçsmhns pnrn als Rrnesclrgnblrks

4

>.8 Pnrtks bka Rrnesclrgnbl Rrnesclrgnblrr

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>. Metrlbuhhmøe

>.> [sls bka Rrnesclrgnblr ¡NRKEHMØE! Ke ka smiumketk gneuna sk prksketne hnrnhtkrçstmhns ikekrnaks bk kakgketls kaíhtrmhls y kakhtrøemhls. Xme kgonril, na glgketl bk npamhnrals, sk bkoke tlgnr ke huketn ans kspkhmcmhnhmleks y npamhnhmleks rkhlgkebnbns plr meikemkrçn, ka cnormhnetk y an npamhnhmøe bk ans rkians bk skiurmbnb.

Ka trnesclrgnblr ks uen bk ans gîqumens kaíhtrmhns gîs utmamznbns, npamhnbns ngpamngketk pnrn trnesgmtmr an kekriçn ekhksnrmn ke ka auinr ekhksnrml. Xk usn tngomíe pnrn rkbuhmr vlatnjk pnrn cuketks bk namgketnhmøe bk kqumpls kakhtrøemhls, nhlpanblrks bk mgpkbnehmns ke smstkgns bk nubml, prlbuhhmøe bk natl vlatnjk, natn crkhukehmn, kth.

¼Plr quí ks mgplrtnetk hlelhkr nhkrhn nhkrhn bk als trnesclrgnblrks<

Prîhtmhngketk el dny kqumpl l gnqumenrmn kaíhtrmhn l kakhtrøemhn quk el huketk hle na gkels ue trnesclrgnblr. Nsç, ka hlelhmgmketl hanrl bk ans onsks bk lpkrnhmøe y bk su cuehmlengmketl els cnhmamtnrîe ka usl bk kstls kqumpls quk sle ekhksnrmls pnrn ka sugmemstrl bk kekriçn ke an mebustrmn. ¼Huîa ks an prmehmpna npamhnhmøe bk als trnesclrgnblrks<

An prmehmpna npamhnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr ks an trnesgmsmøe bk kekriçn kaíhtrmhn ketrk ka auinr bk prlbuhhmøe (ke panetns ikekrnblrns bk kekriçn) y als auinrks bk su hlesugl (auinrks bk ploanhmøe, mebustrmns, kth.) y nsç plbkr rknamznr su bmstrmouhmøe ke uen clrgn khleøgmhn y kcm kcmhmketk. hmketk.

IALXN_ML Rrnesclrgnblr: Bmsplsmtmvl kstîtmhl

quk pkrgmtk l bmsgmeumr ka vlatnjk bk nugketnr uen hlrrmketk natkren.

RT-RKP-0008

 

9 / >? >?>

>. Metrlbuhhmøe

¼Høgl kstî clrgn clrgnbl bl ue trnesclrgnblr< trnesclrgnblr<

Kstî clrgnbl plr bls olomens kerlaanbns ketlrel n ue eúhakl l gnrhl bk dmkrrl. Plr an olomen, aangnbn prmgnrml, hmrhuan an hlrrmketk huyl vlatnjk sk bkskn trnesclrgnr, prlbuhmkebl ue hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak ke ka eúhakl bka dmkrrl. Kstl mebuhk uen hlrrmketk natkren ke an ltrn olomen, aangnbn skhuebnrml, bksbk blebk an hlrrmketk snak trnesclrgnbn. Xm ka eúgkrl bk kspmrns bka prmgnrml ks gkelr quk ka bka skhuebnrml, ka vlatnjk bk an hlrrmketk nugketn, gmketrns quk, sm ks supkrmlr, ka vlatnjk bmsgmeuyk. Als trnesclrgnblrks kaíhtrmhls søal pukbke cuehmlenr hle hlrrmketk natkren (HN ). ¼Høgl cuehmlen ue trnesclrgnblr< Xk prlbuhk ue hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak ke ka eúhakl bka dmkrrl. >

8

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Ka hngpl gnieítmhl mebuhk uen hlrrmketk natkren ke an olomen skhuebnrmn, bksbk blebk an hlrrmketk snak

An hlrrmketk huyl vlatnjk sk bkskn trnesclrgnr hmrhuan plr an olomen prmgnrmn quk sk kehuketrn kerlaanbn na eúhakl.

trnesclrgnbn.

Als trnesclrgnblrks kaíhtrmhls søal pukbke cuehmlenr hle hlrrmketk

Olomen Prmgnrmn l ‑Prmgnrml‗.

natkren (HN).

Olomen Xkhuebnrmn

Eúhakl l Gnrhl bk dmkrrl

l ‑Xkhuebnrml‗.

Xçgolal bka trnesclrgnblr

Hnpnhmbnb bk als trnesclrgnblrks GSN (gkinvlatngpkrks) + >.000.000 SN fSN (fmalvlatngpkrks) + >.000 SN SN (vlatngpkrks)

Kspmrns An hlrrmketk rkhlrrk ans kspmrns bka trnesclrgnblr6 nsç, ka eúgkrl bk kspmrns ke hnbn olomen bktkrgmen ka vlatnjk cmena: sm ans kspmrns bka prmgnrml ks gkelr quk ka bka skhuebnrml, ka vlatnjk bk an hlrrmketk nugketn, gmketrns quk, sm ks supkrmlr, ka vlatnjk bmsgmeuyk. Gnylr vlatnjk

Gkelr vlatnjk

RT-RKP-0008

 

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>. Metrlbuhhmøe

>.? Akyks Cçsmhns pnrn als Rrnesclrgnblrks Ks mgplrtnetk hlelhkr ka prmehmpml bk cuehmlengmketl bka trnesclrgnblr. Ans onsks bk lpkrnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr sk npamhne n eugkrlsns smtunhmleks quk rkanhmlene vnrmnoaks kaíhtrmhns. Ka trnesclrgnblr ks uen gîqumen kaíhtrmhn kstîtmhn, ks bkhmr, quk el tmkek glvmgmketl. Xu prmehmpml bk lpkrnhmøe sk onsn ke ? akyks cçsmhns cuebngketnaks: • An aky bk Lkrstkb-Ngpkrk. • An aky bk mebuhhmøe kak kakhtrlgnieítmhn htrlgnieítmhn bk Cnrnbny. GNERKEMGMKERL Hlelhkr Hlelh kr sus cuebngketl cuebngketlss pkrgmtmrî clrgn clrgnrr ue hrmtkrml pnrn tlgnr bkhmsmleks ke smtunhmleks pnrtmhuanrks bk gnetkemgmketl.

AK] BK LK_XRKB-NGPK_K

An aky bk Lkrstkb-Ngpkrk kstnoakhk quk ue hlebuhtlr quk aakvn uen hlrrmketk kaíhtrmhn prlbuhk ue hngpl gnieítmhl narkbkblr bk ía. Bk kstn clrgn sk rkanhmlen uen hunambnb kaíhtrmhn (hlrrmketk) hle uen gnieítmhn (hngpl gnieítmhl). AK] BK MEB[HHMØE BK CN_NBN]

An aky bk mebuhhmøe kakhtrlgnieítmhn bk Cnrnbny ks uel bk als prmehmpmls cçsmhls gîs utmamznbls. Pkrgmtk ketkebkr uen irne hnetmbnb bk ckeøgkels rkanhmlenbls hle an kakhtrmhmbnb y an lpkrnhmøe bk ans gîqumens kaíhtrmhns. An aky bk an mebuhhmøe kakhtrlgnieítmhn bk Cnrnbnygnieítmhl bmhk quk smvnrmnoak, sk tmkek ístk ue hlebuhtlr ke ue hngpl prlbuhk ue vlatnjk.

RT-RKP-0008

 

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>. Metrlbuhhmøe

>.8 Pnrtks bka Rrnesclrgnblr

Ka trnesclrgnblr hlesmstk oîsmhngketk ke bls l gîs olomens (bkvnenbls) ke tlrel n ue eúhakl bk dmkrrl angmenbl hlgúe, bk glbl tna quk ka nhlpangmketl ketrk ans olomens sk nhkrhn n an uembnb.

Eúhakl

Xle angmenhmleks bk gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl quk keanzn ans olomens bka prmgnrml y bka skhuebnrml n trnvís bka hngpl gnieítmhl ikekrnbl plr an olomen bka prmgnrml.

Cuketk bk HN Hnrin

Olomen l bkvnenbl prmgnrml

Ks ka quk rkhmok ka sugmemstrl bk hlrrmketk natkren y ks ke blebk sk bktkrgmen kekriçn bkombl ka sketmbl n quk bk ks an caujl ketrnbn bk bka trnesclrgnblr.

Olomen l bkvnenbl skhuebnrml

Ks blebk sk mebuhk ka vlatnjk y sk hlekhtn n an hnrin, nsç, ka sketmbl bk caujl bk kekriçn ks an snambn bka trnesclrgnblr.

RT-RKP-0008

 

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Hansmcmhnhmøe bk als nhkrls utmamznbls ke ka eúhakl

Rnoan >. Hansmcmhnhmøe bk nhkrls kaíhtrmhls quk sk usne ke an nhtunambnb HANXK

HLER. ELG. BKEXMBNB (XMAMHML + P_KSMXRN i/hg8 NA[GMEML) %

KXPKXL_ Pírbmbns gîx. ke ka eúhakl _KXMXRMSMBNB (gg) (Y/fi)  * hg >; fi >9 fi

Nhkrl pnrn angmenhmøe Na hnroøe NXRG9?3 (NMXM ?-X)

0

9.4;

0.3

=.0;

--

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---------

?0 ?8 8; 8= 2= 2= ;? ;? ;9

Nhkrls kaíhtrmhls bk irnel el lrmketnbl NMXM G-;0 G-29 NMXM G-2; NMXM G-28 NMXM G-83 NMXM G-?9 NMXM G-?? NMXM G->= NMXM G->;

0.9 >.0; >.4; ?.8; ?.3; ?.4 8.? 8.8 8.;

NMXM G-3 NMXM G-;

Nhkrls kaíhtrmhls bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn bmrkhhmlenambnb 8.>; 9.3; 0.8; >.23 ?.09 8.>; 9.3; 0.80 >.?4 >.48

24 24

NMXM G-2 NMXM G-8

8.>; 8.>;

>.34 >.38

24 24

Nhkrls kaíhtrmhls bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn pkrgknomambnb ?.= ?.= - 8.>; 8.>; 9.3; 0.80 >.02 >.;2

2;

DM-O

9.4; 9.4 9.9; 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.3; 9.3; 9.3;

9.3; 9.3;

0.3 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29

0.?4 0.?;

4.3; 9.=4 3.9> ;.03 2.;> 2.>? 2.04 8.48 8.9

>.>9 >.04

RT-RKP-0008

 

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Nhkrls Ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns quk tmkek ka nhkrl pnrn angmenhmøe sle: • Xk ak nirkin cøsclrl y gneineksl pnrn nugketnr an rksmstmvmbnb. • Xk slgktk n ue prlhksl kspkhmna pnrn ka hrkhmgmk hrkhmgmketl etl bk irnel nnaa rkhlhkr. [sunagketk ks rkhlhmbl plr ka cnormhnetk.

Nhkrls Kaíhtrmhls

Bk irnel el lrmketnbl Als nhkrls kaíhtrmhls bk irnel el lrmketnbl prksketne uen snturnhmøe gnieítmhn kakvnbn. Xle búhtmaks, plskke prlpmkbnbks bk kstngpnbl oukens y nbkgîs tmkeke uen ouken pkrgknomambnb ke natns, glbkrnbns y onjns mebuhhmleks.

Bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn bmrkhhmlenambnb

Bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn pkrgknomambnb

Als nhkrls bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn

Als nhkrls bk irnel lrmketnbl bk natn

bmrkh bmrkhhmlena hmlenambnb mbnb tmkek tmkekee uen natn prlpmkbnb gnieítmhn bk pírbmbns bk eúhakl guy meckrmlr y natn pkrgknomambnb.

pkrgknomambnb prksketne uen onjn pírbmbn bk eúhakl n natns mebuhhmleks bk lpkrnhmøe.

Prmehmpnaks tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks y als nhkrls quk sk utmamzne utmam zne pnrn an kanolrnhmøe bk su eúhakl RMPL BMXR_MO[HMØE

PLRKEMHN

_KI[ANBL_ BK SLARNJK

R_NEXCL_GNBL_KX BK XLABNBL_NX

KXPKXL_ (gg) 0.?9 0.80 0.8; 0.80 0.8; 0.80 0.8; 0.38 0.80

GNRK_MNA G-8, G-2 G-; G-3 G-; G-3 G-; G->; G-?? G-;

0.8; 0.83

G-3 G-?9 G-28, G-83,

RT-RKP-0008

 

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>. Metrlbuhhmøe

Hlgpleketks metkrels bk ue trnesclrgnblr

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Hlejuetl l pnquktks bk olomens

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Dkrrnjks supkrmlrks

8 2 ; 3 9 4

Dkrrnjks meckrmlrks Xlplrtks bk gnbkrn bk dnyn Açekns bk hnoaks bk natn tkesmøe Açekns bk hnoaks bk rkiuanhmøe tkesmøe X/E. Açekns bk hnoaks bk onjn tkesmøe Onsks pnrn mznr an pnrtk vmvn. Lrkjns pnrn mznr an pnrtk vmvn.

4

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9

2

8

Hlejuetl l pnquktk bk olomens Kstîe hlgpukstls ikekrnagketk plr nangork bk hlork onremznbl y, ke su hnsl, hunebl sle trnesclrgnblrks bk irne irne tngnþl, plr paktmen paktmenss bk hlork6 nquç ks plr blebk sk hlebuhk an kekriçn kaíhtrmhn y blebk sk ikekrn ka gniektmsgl quk bkspuís ks, bk eukvn huketn, trnesclrgnbl n kekriçn kaíhtrmhn. Dkrrnjks supkrmlrks k meckrmlrks Xleolomens, kstruhturns bk ks nhkrl hlgl subkelgork vnebknrrmon y nonjl bkakstk hlejuetl bk y kstl hle quk, an cmenambnb sujktnralkkaamebmhn, hlejuetl olomens y, hle gmsgl dkrrnjk, ncmneznral n an hnjn bka trnesclrgnblr. Xlplrtks bk gnbkrn bk dnyn Kstls sle pnrn huormr an pnrtk pnrtk crletna bka hlejuetl bk olomens y sle pnrn prltkikr an pnrtk vmvn y quk el ilapkk enbn enbn hletrn kaans. Ke an nhtunambnb sk utmamzn tngomíe trmpany trmpany bk gnbkrn hletrnhdnpnbl. Açekns bk hnoaks bk natn, onjn y rkiuanhmøe bk tkesmøe Kstls hnoaks sle als quk dnhke hletnhtl hle ans olqumaans y hle ans olomens bk an pnrtk vmvn. Onsks y lrkjns pnrn mznr an pnrtk vmvn Kstn kstruhturn kstn bmskþnbn pnrn ncmneznr y hnrinr an pnrtk vmvn.

RT-RKP-0008

 

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Hlgpleketks kxtkrels bk ue trnesclrgnblr

8

>0 2

> >?

>> =

> Olqumaans bk natn tkesmøe

Rngomíe aangnbls nmsanblrks, kstls hnsqumaals smrvke hlgl nhlpangmketl pnrn quk ketrke als hnoaks bk natn l onjn

? Olqumaans bk onjn tkesmøe tkesmøe skiúe skn ka hnsl y n an vkz als nçsan bk naiúe hlrtl l naiúe niketk kxtrnþl quk als pukbn pu kbn nckhtnr. Ke ka trnesclrgnblr ks an tnpn blebk tngomíe sk alhnamzne ans olqumaans bk natn tkesmøe y smrvk sm rvk pnrn slplrtnr ans gmsgns y 8 Rnpn supkrmlr nbkgîs pnrn huormr an pnrtk vmvn l ikekrnblrn bk an trnesclrgnhmøe. 2 ; 3 9 4

_kcukrzls prmehmpnaks bk an tnpn supkrmlr Pnrkbks bk anbls anrils _kcukrzls bk pnrkb bk anbls anrils Pnrkbks bk anbls hlrtls _kcukrzls bk pnrkb bk anbls hlrtls

Xmrvk pnrn sujktnr cmrgkgketk n an tnpn supkrmlr y quk el e l sk tkeine glvmgmketls. Ans pnrkbks, tnetl bk als anbls anrils hlgl hlrtls, sle kstruhturns bk nhkrl quk smrvke pnrn hlgpaktnr an hnjn bka trnesclrgnblr juetl hle ans tnpns supkrmlr k meckrmlr. Kstls anbls smrvke bk miuna gnekrn pnrn an prltkhhmøe bk an pnrtk p nrtk vmvn y sus rkcukrzls sle pnrn nskiurnr uens hle ltrns ans pnrkbks. RT-RKP-0008

 

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Onsk bksamznoak y rukbns

>0 Rnequk hleskrvnblr

>> Onehl bk rnbmnblrks

Ka trnesclrgnblr huketn hle ue smstkgn gkhîemhl bk glvmgmketl pnrn ka rîpmbl y cîhma glvmgmketl bka b ka trnesclrgnblr yn skn pnrn prukons l gnetkemgmketl l mehausl dnstn pnrn ue hngoml. Ks ue skiuebl tnequk bk nhkmtk ke ka trnesclrgnblr (yn quk ke blebk sk kehuketrn an pnrtk vmvn bka trnesclrgnblr tngomíe ks). Ks ue bkpøsmtl bk rkpukstl quk hugpak an cuehmøe bk hleskrvnr ans mgpurkzns bka nhkmtk, amokrnr prksmleks y tkekr gîs kspnhml bk naljngmketl bka nhkmtk hunebl sk tkeine irnebks vlaúgkeks. Xk huketne hle ? rkimstrls bk prksmleks bk nhkmtks quk uel ks pnrn pnrn als RNPs y ka ltrl ks pn pnrn rn ka hletkembl bk nhkmtk bk an pnrtk vmvn. Xle als kehnrinbls bk bmsmpnr ka hnalr gkbmnetk ka caumbl (nhkmtk) y hle kstl nugketnr an kcmhmkehmn bka trnesclrgnblr. Ka gítlbl quk utmamzn ka rnbmnblr pnrn kecrmnr ks plr ka smstkgn bk CLN (Nmrk Clrznbl) y ks plr gkbml bk turomens quk dnhke pnsnr nmrk pnrn kecrmnr ka nhkmtk.

>? Lrkjns bk mznjk >8

-

Metkrhngomnblr bk vlatnjk l RNPs

RT-RKP-0008

 

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NHRMSMBNB >. Pnrn cmenamznr ka prksketk hnpçtual, ak prlplekgls rkpnsnr als hlgpleketks kxtkrels bk ue trnesclrgnblr.

Mebmquk ke an tnoan ka eúgkrl bk hnbn uel bk als hlgpleketks kxtkrels quk rkhlelzhn ke ans mgîikeks.

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Hlgpleketk kxtkrel _kcukrzls prmehmpnaks bk an tnpn supkrmlr Onehl bk rnbmnblrks Lrkjns pnrn mznr ka trnesclrgnblr Onsk bksamznoak y rukbns Pnrkbks bk anbls anrils _kcukrzls bk pnrkb bk anbls anrils Rnequk hleskrvnblr Rnpn supkrmlr _kcukrzls bk pnrkb bk anbls hlrtls Metkrhngomnblr bk vlatnjk l RNPs Olqumaans bk onjn tkesmøe Pnrkbks bk anbls hlrtls Olqumaan bk natn tkesmøe

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual >. N hletmeunhmøe sk bksnrrlaanrî ka hnpçtual Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe.

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Bmsplsmtmvls Prltkhhmøe bk RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL ?

Kstk hnpçtual metrlbuhk als bmstmetls bmsplsmtmvls bk prltkhhmøe, gkhîemhls, kakhtrlgkhîemhls y kakhtrøemhls.

?.> Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe Gkhîemhls y Kakhtrlgkhîemhls

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Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe Gkhîemhls y ?.> Kakhtrlgkhîemhls Kxmstk uen irne hnetmbnb bk cnaans l nelrgnambnbks quk pukbke lhurrmr ke als trnesclrgnblrks. Ístns pukbke lhnsmlenr bnþls tnetl na kqumpl (trnesclrgnblr) hlgl n pkrslens. _KH[K_BK [e bmsplsmtmvl bk prltkhhmøe bk ue trnesclrgnblr ks ue nhhkslrml quk sk nirkin n sus hlgpleketks oîsmhls y huyn cuehmøe ks bktkhtnr uen hlebmhmøe bk cnaan, metkrrugpmr (ke ksk hnsl) ka sugmemstrl bk namgketnhmøe kaíhtrmhn y kvmtnr quk sk bnþk ka trnesclrgnblr.

Naiuels bk kstls bmsplsmtmvls bk prltkhhmøe søal ikekrne uen skþna bk nanrgn quk ke hmkrtls hnsls prlbuhke uen nhhmøe bk metkrruphmøe, sm bkspuís bk hmkrtl tmkgpl sk dn gnetkembl an hlebmhmøe bk cnaan.

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_kakvnblr Ouhddlaz

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Gkbmblr bk emvka

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Mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn bka nhkmtk

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Mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn bk bkvnenbls

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Gkbmblr/Mebmhnblr bk caujl

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_kakvnblr bk prksmøe súomtn

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_kakvnblr bk slorkprksmøe

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Bmsplsmtmvls kakhtrøemhls

IALXN_ML Bkvnenbl: Hlgpleketk bk ue hmrhumtl kaíhtrmhl clrgnbl plr ue nangork nmsanbl quk sk nrrlaan ke clrgn bk díamhk hle ue pnsl miuna na bmîgktrl bka nangork. RT-RKP-0008

 

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

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_kakvnblr Ouhddlaz

Ka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz ks uel bk als bmsplsmtmvls bk prltkhhmøe pnrn trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn gîs mgplrtnetks. Xøal sk mestnan ke trnesclrgnblrks huyn mgplrtnehmn y hlstl al justmcmquke. Xu cuehmøe ks bktkhtnr an nhuguanhmøe bk ins prlbuhmbn na prksketnrsk ue nrhl kaíhtrmhl l hlrtlhmrhumtl bketrl bka trnesclrgnblr. Ka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz sk mestnan ke an tuokrçn quk hlekhtn na hukrpl bka trnesclrgnblr hle su tnequk hleskrvnblr. Kstk rkakvnblr prlbuhk uen skþna bk nanrgn l bkshlekxmøe, ks bkhmr, bkskekrimzn na trnesclrgnblr hunebl sk bktkh bktkhtn tn prlbuhhmøe bk insks ikek ikekrnbls rnbls plr hlebmhmleks nelrgnaks n an lpkrnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr. Ka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz ikekrnagketk huketn hle uen gmrmaan bk vmbrml plr blebk sk pukbk loskrvnr an ikekrnhmøe bk insks. Nbkgîs huketn hle vîavuans bksbk blebk sk pukbke tlgnr gukstrns bk als insks l prlonr sm als insks sle mecangnoaks. An nhhmøe bka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz sk onsn ke ka dkhdl bk quk hunaqumkr nhhmbketk quk slorkvkein n ue trnesclrgnblr kstî kstî prkhkbmbl bk uen skrmk bk ckeøgkels, quk sm omke guhdns vkhks el rkvmstke irnvkbnb l sle mgpkrhkptmoaks, n an anrin hlebuhke na bktkrmlrl bka kqumpl. GNERKEMGMKERL Hunebl dny bktkhhmøe bk ouroujns ke ka nhkmtk, ks ekhksnrml ntkebkr megkbmntngketk na trnesclrgnblr pnrn kckhtunr ans prukons nbkhunbns y plekr cukrn bk skrvmhml na trnesclrgnblr ke hnsl bk rkqukrmrsk. Rnequk hleskrvnblr

_kakvnblr Ouhddlaz

Mestnanhmøe bka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz

Rnequk bka trnesclrgnblr

_kakvnblr Ouhddlaz

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

Cuehmlengmketl bka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz Hnjn bk olreks

Kesnyl gkhîemhl

Rnpn Irmcl bk bkshnrin Sîavuan pnrn kesnyl gkhîemhl

Nornznbkrn pnrn hnoaks Caltnblr Metkrruptlrks

Anbl bka trnesclrgnblr

Anbl bka hleskrvnblr

Sîavuan bk caujl

Rnpøe bk bkshnrin

Kjkgpal bk ue rkakvnblr rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz Ouhddlaz y sus pnrtks Ka rkhkptîhual, elrgnagketk aakel bk nhkmtk, hletmkek bls caltnblrks gøvmaks narkbkblr bk kjks cmjls. Xm n hleskhukehmn bk ue bkckhtl plhl mgplrtnetk, sk metrlbuhke pkqukþns ouroujns bk ins, ístns sk kakvne ke ka tnequk prmehmpna bka trnesclrgnblr y sk bmrmike dnhmn ka tnequk hleskrvnblr bk nhkmtk.

Ans ouroujns sle hnptnbns plr ka npnrntl y nagnhkenbns ke ka rkhkptîhual, blebk ka emvka bk nhkmtk onjn prlirksmvngketk n gkbmbn quk ans ouroujns aakene ka kspnhml supkrmlr bka rkhkptîhual.

Kstk caujl bk nhkmtk kehuketrn na skiuebl caltnblr y al nhhmlen, al quk prlvlhn ka hmkrrk bk sus hletnhtls. Kstls nhhmlene n su vkz ka gkhnemsgl bkshlekxmøe als metkrruptlrks bk alsbkanbls bk natn ybk onjn tkesmøe bka trnesclrgnblr, plemkebl n ístk cukrn bk skrvmhml.

Hlgl hleskhukehmn, ka caltnblr supkrmlr sk mehamen y hunebl an hnetmbnb bk ins ks sucmhmketk, hmkrrn sus hletnhtls quk sle als quk namgketne ka hmrhumtl bk nanrgn. Xm hletmeún ka bksprkebmgmketl bk ins, ka emvka bk nhkmtk ke ka rkhkptîhual onjn dnstn quk als insks nahnezne an tuokrçn quk al aakvn dnstn ka tnequk hleskrvnblr.

Xm ka bkckhtl sk nhketún, ka bksprkebmgmketl sk dnhk vmlaketl y sk prlbuhke irnebks ouroujns bk tna gnekrn g nekrn quk, n hleskhukehmn bka hdlquk, ka nhkmtk cauyk orushngketk n trnvís bk an tuokrçn dnhmn ka tnequk hleskrvnblr. RT-RKP-0008

 

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Gkbmblr bk emvka

Als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn kstîe elrgnagketk kqumpnbls hle mebmhnblrks vmsunaks bk emvka bk nhkmtk. Ke kstls gmsgls mebmhnblrks sk tmkeke hletnhtls (pnrn nanrgn l bkshlekxmøe) quk mebmhne emvkaks nelrgnaks bka nhkmtk. Ka mebmhnblr gukstrn ka emvka bka açqumbl plr gkbml bk uen niujn ke uen kshnan irnbunbn, y an plsmhmøe bk an niujn ke an hnrîtuan sk kehuketrn bmrkhtngketk nhlpanbn hle an plsmhmøe bk ue caltnblr. Hunebl ka emvka bk nhkmtk onjn, ka caltnblr hnk y prlbuhk an rltnhmøe bk an niujn dnhmn an mebmhnhmøe ALY (onjl). Hunebl sk nahnezn an ALY, sk hmkrrne als hletnhtls quk nhtmvne ka hmrhumtl bk nanrgn. Xm onjl kstn hlebmhmøe ka emvka bka nhkmtk nugketn (nirkiîeblal na tnequk bka trnesclrgnblr) ka caltnblr suomrî, sme kgonril, ka hmrhumtl bk nanrgn el normrî dnstn quk ka mebmhnblr nvnehk nprlxmgnbngketk >0º slork an gnrhn bk onjl emvk emvka.a. GNERKEMGMKERL Ke ue trnesclrgnblr ks guy mgplrtnetk gnetkekr uen supkrvmsmøe hkrhnen bka emvka bka nhkmtk. [e onjl emvka bk nhkmtk pukbk lhnsmlenr ue nugketl ke an tkgpkrnturn bka trnesclrgnblr, prlbuhmkebl uen nanrgn l an bkshlekxmøe bka trnesclrgnblr.

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Gkbmblr bk emvka

Kstk bmsplsmtmvl mebmhn, gkbmnetk uen niujn ke uen kshnan irnbunbn, an tkgpkrnturn bka nhkmtk ke an pnrtk supkrmlr bka trnesclrgnblr. Hunebl pnsn bk ue açgmtk prkkstnoakhmbl, sk pukbk lptnr plr lpkrnr als vketmanblrks l bnr uen mebmhnhmøe bk nanrgn.

Hnrîtuan Niujn mebmhnblrn Hnjn bk hlekxmleks

Kshnan irnbunbn 80

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Rkgpkrnturn bka caumbl °H

Snalr bk natn tkgpkrnturn

Ruol hnpmanr

Hlekhtlr Bktkhtlr bk tkgpkrnturn

Ka mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn bk açqumbl hlesmstk ke ue bktkhtlr bk tkgpkrnturn, ue tuol hnpmanr hle açqumbl y uen uembnb mebmhnblrn rksmstketk na ngomketk. An mestnanhmøe bka bktkhtlr bk tkgpkrnturn ks guy skehmaan, yn quk elrgnagketk sk cmjn ka bktkhtlr ke uen onsk n ue anbl bka trnesclrgnblr. [en vnrmnhmøe bk an tkgpkrnturn ke ka bktkhtlr hngomn ka vlaugke bka açqumbl ke ka hnpmanr al huna nhhmlen uen olomen bk kxpnesmøe quk imrn ka gkhnemsgl bka mebmhnblr y n ue hmkrtl emvka (natn tkgpkrnturn) lpkrn ka metkrruptlr bk nanrgn l bkshlekxmøe.

Mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn bk caujl

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Ikekrnagketk ka emvka bk nan nanrgn rgn sk cmjn n 4;ºH (>4; °C) y ka emvka bk bkshlekxm bkshlekxmøe øe ke =0ºH (>=2 °C). °C). Ke kstn smtunhmøe, uen lpkrnhmøe ouken bka smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl kjkrhk ue pnpka cuebngketna ke gnetkekr an tkgpkrnturn bka nhkmtk plr bkonjl bk als emvkaks bk nanrgn y bk bkshlekxmøe. Ka rkcrmikrnetk l smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl pukbk hlesmstmr ke nmrk, ins, nhkmtk gmekrna l açqumbl smetítmhl (Amork bk PHOs) quk sle usunagketk als gîs utmamznbls.

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Mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn bk bkvnenbls Burnetk ka prlhksl bk cnormhnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr sk nirkine vnrmls mebmhnblrks bk tkgpkrnturn quk kstîe prîhtmhngketk ke hletnhtl hle als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr. Kstls ikekrnagketk vmkeke hlgl kqumpl kstîebnr ke trnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhl s khl k mehauyke na gkels ue metkrruptlr plr bkvnenbl.

Ka mebmhnblr bk tkgpkrnturn (tkrglstntl) kstî kstî prkhnamornbl n ue hmkrtl emvka. Na aakinr aakinr n kstk emvka ikekrnagketk lpkrn uen skhukehmn bk bkshlekxmøe pnrn prltkikr na trnesclrgnblr bk ue bktkrmlrl ke su nmsangmketl l ue bnþl gnylr. Ke naiuels hnsls sk tmkek tmkek ue mebmhnblr hle bls metkrruptlrks metkrruptlrks plr bkvnenbl, uel hnamornbl n uen tkgpkrnturn amikrngketk gkelr quk ka ltrl. Ke kstn clrgn sk pukbk tkekr uen skþna bk nanrgn netks bk lpkrnr an bkshlekxmøe. Ke trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn ke nhkmtk, als metkrruptlrks bk tkgpkrnturn, nbkgîs bk skr utmamznbls pnrn prlbuhmr skþnaks bk nanrgn y bkshlekxmøe, sk npamhne pnrn lpkrnr ue smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl nbmhmlena quk nyubk n bmsgmeumr an rnzøe bk mehrkgketl bk tkgpkrnturn onjl hlebmhmleks bk slorkhnrins slstkembns. Ka emvka bk hnamornhmøe bk als als metkrruptlrks bk tkgpkrnturn kstî rkanhmlenbl hle ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns (tmpl) bk nmsangmketl bk als bkvnenbls y sus prlpmkbnbks pnrn slplrtnr tkgpkrnturn sme bktkrmlrnrsk.

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Gkbmblr / Mebmhnblr bk caujl

Ka gkbmblr/mebmhnblr bk caujl ks ue bmsplsmtmvl dkrgítmhngketk skaanbl quk mebmhn ka caujl bk nhkmtk ke ue trnesclrgnblr quk lpkrn hle caujl clrznbl bk nhkmtk. Ka gkbmblr/mebmhnblr sk kehuketrn prlvmstl bk metkrruptlrks (hletnhtls) pnrn nanrgn quk lpkrne hunebl ka caujl hnk nprlxmgnbngketk ue ;0% bka elrgna. Ka caujl bk nhkmtk, n trnvís bka smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl, kjkrhk uen prksmøe slork uen pnaktn mestnanbn ke uen cakhdn. An pnaktn sk gnetmkek ke su plsmhmøe gkbmnetk ue rkslrtk. Hunebl dny caujl bk nhkmtk an cakhdn sk gukvk ke hletrn bka rkslrtk, kstk glvmgmketl ks prlplrhmlena n an gniemtub bka caujl bk nhkmtk. Ka glvmgmketl bk an cakhdn ks trnesgmtmbl n an niujn bk mebmhnhmøe n trnvís bk ue nhlpangmketl gnieítmhl. Ke an niujn bk mebmhnhmøe sk huketn hle ue hletnhtl huyn cuehmøe ks lpkrnr an nanrgn bk onjl emvka bk caujl bk nhkmtk. Hunebl ka caujl sk bktmkek, ka Gkbmblr / Mebmhnblr bk caujl bk nhkmtk

rkslrtk rkirksn an pnaktn ydnhmn prlbuhk ue rkirksl bk an niujn bk mebmhnhmøe an plsmhmøe bk pugp lcc  (olgon bktkembn).

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_kakvnblr bk prksmøe súomtn

Ka rkakvnblr bk prksmøe súomtn ks ue bmsplsmtmvl utmamznbl ke trnesclrgnblrks pnrn bktkhtnr hngomls orushls ke an prksmøe metkren bka tnequk, tnequk , ans hunaks pukbke skr prlvlhnbns plr ue nrqukl metkrel. [en vketnjn bk kstk rkakvnblr ks ka dkhdl bk quk el ks sushkptmoak n bmspnrl (nhtmvnhmøe) plr vmornhmøe, mgpnhtl (ilapk) gkhîemhl l vnrmnhmleks bk prksmøe bkombl n hngomls bk tkgpkrnturn. Kstk rkakvnblr elrgnagketk kstî gletnbl ke ans pnrkbks bka bka trnesclrgnblr. [e mehrkgketl ke an prksmøe bka trnesclrgnblr hnusn uen hletrnhhmøe hletrnhhmøe bk als cukaaks cukaaks skeslrks, nsç sk cukrzn uen plrhmøe bk su nhkmtk bk smamhøe bketrl bk als cukaaks bk hletrla, prlbuhmkebl su kxpnesmøe. Ka lrmcmhml amgmtn ka caujl bk nhkmtk bketrl bk als cukaaks, bk gnekrn quk pnrn hngomls bk prksmøe anrils, vnrmnhmleks elrgnaks bk hnrin l hngomls ke an tkgpkrnturn ngomketk, als bls cukaaks bk hletrla sk kxpnebmrîe n an gmsgn vkalhmbnb y ka rkakvnblr el nhtunrî. Metkrruptlr

Paui bk

Xme kgonril, pnrn natns vkalhmbnbks bk

Ornzl onanehçe

hlekxmleks Hnjn bk Nhtunblr

Cukaak bk hletrla Lrmcmhml y hlgpkesnblr Sîavuan

prukon

_kslrtk Cukaak bk hletrla Nhkmtk bk smamhøe Açqumbl Cukaaks bk rkslrtks

hngoml hnusnrî lrmcmhml bk prksmøe uenkevkalhmbnb ka trnesclrgnblr, bk kxpnesmøe ka gîs aketn ke ka cukaak mzqumkrbl quk ke ka cukaak bkrkhdl bk an cmiurn. Bk kstn clrgn, sm lhurrk uen cnaan ke ka trnesclrgnblr, ka mehrkgketl bk prksmøe prlbuhmrî prlbuh mrî uen kxpnesmø kxpnesmøee bmckrketk bmckrketk ketrk als bls cukaaks bk hletrla, al quk prlbuhk uen bmckrkehmn bk kscukrzls gkhîemhls y bk kstn gnekrn sk bmspnrn ka metkrruptlr.

_kakvnblr bk prksmøe súomtn

¡NRKEHMØE! Bkspuís quk ka metkrruptlr bk prksmøe nhtún, ks rkhlgkebnoak quk skn mbketmcmhnbn an hnusn bka bmspnrl netks bk quk ka trnesclrgnblr skn kekrimznbl eukvngketk, nsç hlgl rkvmsnr sm sk prlbujl bn bnþl þl ke ka trnesclrgnblr. Rkein ke huketn, tngomíe, quk an npkrturn l hmkrrk bk an vîavuan gmketrns ka rkakvnblr kstî hlekhtnbl pukbk hnusnr ue bmspnrl ke cnasl bka metkrruptlr.

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_kakvnblr bk prksmøe súomtn

Ka rkakvnblr bk slorkprksmøe sk mestnan plr al ikekrna ke an huomkrtn bka trnesclrgnblr, kkstk stk rkakvnblr ks bka tmpl bk rkslrtk y nbkgîs sk pukbk rkstnoakhkr. Ka rkakvnblr oîsmhngketk sk clrgn bk uen huomkrtn prltkhtlrn, skaals y uen nanrgn vmsuna (bmsplsmtmvl mebmhnblr). An prksmøe elrgna bk lpkrnhmøe bka rkakvnblr sk kehuketrn mebmhnbn ke su panhn bk bntls. Xm an prksmøe n an quk sk kehuketrn ka trnesclrgnblr ks gnylr n >0 psm (0.9 fi/hg ?), hunebl an cukrzn npamhnbn plr an prksmøe bka nhkmtk n als rkslrtks bka gkbmblr ks gnylr quk an cukrzn bk als rkslrtks, sk amokrn ue ins l ue açqumbl n trnvís bka kspnhml ketrk ka bmncrnign y an tnpn. Kstl dnhk quk ka kakgketl sk norn rîpmbngketk y pkrgnekzhn nomkrtl dnstn quk skn rkstnoakhmbl gneunagketk, hunebl an prksmøe ke ka trnesclrgnblr al pkrgmtn. An prksmøe bk bmspnrl bka rkakvnblr kstî ke cuehmøe bk an prksmøe gîxmgn bk lpkrnhmøe bka tnequk bka trnesclrgnblr, an huna ikekrnagketk sk mebmhn ke an panhn bka trnesclrgnblr. _kakvnblr bk slorkprksmøe

Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl, rksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

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Mebmquk quí bmsplsmtmvls bmsplsmtmvls bk prltkhhmøe prltkhhmøe pukbk kehletrn kehletrnrr ke ue trnesclrgnblr blgístmhl (??0/>>0S). Justmcmquk su rkspukstn.

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Xm ka rkakvnblr rkakvnblr bk Ouhddlaz ks tne kcmhmketk kcmhmketk ke an bktkhhmøe bk hlrtlhmrhumtls hlrtlhm rhumtls,, ¼plr quí el sk kehuketrn ke tlbls als als trnesclrgnblrks mebustrmnaks<

NHRMSMBNB ?

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

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?.? Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe Kakhtrøemhls Kxmstk uen irne hnetmbnb bk cnaans l nelrgnambnbks quk pukbke lhurrmr ke als trnesclrgnblrks. Ístns pukbke lhnsmlenr bnþls tnetl na kqumpl (trnesclrgnblr) hlgl n pkrslens. Kstls bmsplsmtmvls tmkeke ans smiumketks hnrnhtkrçstmhns: • Xle kspkhçcmhngketk bmskþnbls pnrn prltkikr açekns bk trnesgmsmøe, trnesclrgnblrks y gltlrks. Huketne hle tkrgmenaks bk ketrnbn pnrn hnptnr skþnaks bk hlrrmketk l vlatnjk. Ans skþnaks prlvmkeke bk trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk l vlatnjk mestnanbls ke als bmsplsmtmvls quk clrgne pnrtk bk ue smstkgn kaíhtrmhl. • Huketne hle tkrgmenaks bk snambn, ans hunaks ikekrnagketk sle hlekhtnbns n ans olomens bk bmspnrl bk als metkrruptlrks bk pltkehmn l n uen nanrgn l naiúe smstkgn bk glemtlrkl. • Ans skþnaks quk rkhmoke sle prlhksnbns plr ka bmsplsmtmvl y sk bktkrgmen sm kxmstk uen hlebmhmøe nelrgna l bk cnaan. • Ke hnsl bk quk kxmstn uen hlebmhmøe nelrgna l bk cnaan, ka bmsplsmtmvl gnebn n kekrimznr uen snambn hlrrksplebmketk n uen olomen bk bmspnrl l n uen nanrgn. Bk tna gnekrn quk sk hlgplrtn hlgl ue rkakvnblr. • Xu lpkrnhmøe sk rknamzn ke onsk n ue prlhksnblr bmimtna, su njustk sk rknamzn gkbmnetk an metrlbuhhmøe bk pnrîgktrls, usnebl ue tkhanbl y ue bmspany bmimtna l an hlekxmøe n uen hlgputnblrn, y hle an hlrrkhtn skakhhmøe bk ans hurvns bk lpkrnhmøe quk bke als tmkgpls nbkhunbls pnrn uen hlrrkhtn hllrbmenhmøe bk ans prltkhhmleks. Kxmstk uen irne vnrmkbnb bk gnrhns pnrn kstls bmsplsmtmvls bk prltkhhmøe, quk huketne hle natl prkstmiml y hnambnb. Ke an pîimen smiumketk smiumketk sk gkehmlenrî ue kjkgpal hle ka G[ARMAME.

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

KJKGPAL Guatmame X_92; Ke an cmiurn sk pukbk loskrvnr al smiumketk: • Ans hlekxmleks ketrk an açekn y ka G[ARMAME gkbmnetk trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk. Kstns smrvke pnrn skesnr (hdkh (hdkhnr) nr) an hlrrmketk ke an açekn. • An hlekxmøe ketrk ue hmrhumtl bk snambn y an olomen bk bmspnrl bk ue metkrruptlr. • Als puetls bk namgketnhmøe pnrn ka G[ARMAME. • Ka pukrtl skrmk pnrn an hlguemhnhmøe ketrk ka G[ARMAME y uen hlgputnbl hlgputnblrn rn pkrsl pkrslena. ena.

Namgketnhmøe

Guatmame X_92; Ketrnbns pnrn vlatnjk y hlrrmketk

Rmkrrn Hmrhumtl bk snambn

Olomen bk bmspnrl bka metkrruptlr Pukrtl skrmk Hlgputnblrn pkrslena

Hurvn bk bnþl tírgmhl bka trnesclrgnblr Hurvn bk slorkhlrrmketk tkgplrmznbn bk rkaís skakh skakhhmlenb hmlenbls ls

    l     p     g       m     k      R

Gnrike bk prltkhhmøe tírgmhn bka trnesclrgnblr

Hlrrmketk Mestnanhmøe bk hnptnhmøe bk slorkhlrr slork hlrrmketk mketk njustn njustnbn, bn, onsnbn ke an hnpnhmbnb bk hnrin hnahuanbn plr cnhtlr bk nrgøemhls

Mestnanhmøe bk hnptnhmøe bk slorkhlrrmketk, onsnbn ke an hnpnhmbnb bk hnrin gîxmgn nbgmsmoak

MEBMHNBL_KX BK KXRNBL 92; •Kstnbl 92;6trnesclrgnblr6 •Kstnbl bka •_kaí •_k aí bk snambn. snambn. RKHANBL E[GÍ_MHL Ans tkhans eugírmhns cnhmamtne ka meirksl bk als vnalrks bk hlesmien. Ans tkhans bk hletrla dnhke quk skn plsmoak envkinr cîhmagketk plr als bmstmetls vnalrks bk hlesmien y kstruhturns bk gkesnjk bk vnalr rknaks. An tkhan bk nyubn prlplrhmlen gkesnjks bk nyubn skiúe ka hletkxtl. RKHANX BK SNAL_ Ans tkhans Xuomr y Onjnr smrvke pnrn glbmcmhnr als vnalrks bk hlesmien. PNANEHN BK HLER_LA BK KTR_NHHMØE Pkrgmtk utmamznr ue nangork pnrn prkhmetl bk palgl n cme bk kvmtnr quk sk kxtrnmin sme an nutlrmznhmøe hlrrksplebmketk.

PNERNAAN I_NEBK Pnetnaan bk hunrketn hnrnhtkrks quk pkrgmtk vmsunamznr als vnalrks bk hlesmien y als gkesnjks bk vnalrks rknaks. Als gkesnjks bk bmnieøstmhl npnrkhke hunebl sk prksketn ue lostîhual l uen nanrgn. Bkspuís bk ue pkrmlbl bk menhtmvmbnb, an pnetnaan gukstrn gkesnjks prkbktkrgmenbls.

XMXRKGN BK P_LRKHHMØE BKA R_NEXCL_GNBL_ 92;

RKHANX BK HLER_LA ] P_LI_NGNHMØE Ans tkhans Gkeú, Xnamr, _kstnurnr, Metrl, Xuomr gkeú y Onjnr Onjnr gkeú ormebne pakel nhhksl sme ekhksmbnb bk utmamznr uen hlgputnblrn.

MERK_CNZ BKA P[K_RL BKA P_LI_NGN _X?8? pkrgmtk hlekhtnrsk n uen hlgputnblrn, =300 onubmls.

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

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?. Bmsplsmtmvls bk Prltkhhmøe

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Sketnjns

• _neils guy ngpamls, pnrn hnsm hunaqumkr npamhnhmøe ke ue gmsgl bmsplsmtmvl. • Ans hurvns bk prltkhhmøe sk bmskþne bk nhukrbl n an ekhksmbnb. • Rlbns ans hlekxmleks ke tnoamaans. • Lpkrnhmøe skiurn. • [e gmsgl kspnhml pnrn tlbls als bmsplsmtmvls bk hletrla. • Prlirngnhmøe bk ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk prltkhhmøe skiúe hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk hnrin.

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Bksvketnjns

• Naiuens bk ans gúatmpaks lphmleks bk kstk kqumpl el sk usne, al quk sk plbrçn metkrprktnr hlgl slornbl. • Ka hlstl memhmna pukbk skr gnylr na hlstl memhmna bk als rkakvnblrks bk prltkhhmøe hlevkehmlenaks. • Xk rkqumkrk gnylr hnpnhmtnhmøe bka pkrslena p krslena bk lpkrnhmøe y gnetkemgmketl pnrn an hnamornhmøe y gnetkemgmketl bk kstk kqumpl.

• An elrgna hlebuhtn bk rkhdnzl n ue kqumpl meelvnblr. • An hketrnamznhmøe bka kqumpl bk prltkhhmleks. • Gkbmhmøe bk tkgpkrnturn. NHRMSMBNB 8

Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl, rksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

Keuehmk ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns prmehmpnaks bk als bmsplsmtmvls gkhîemhls/kakhtrlgkhîemhls y als bmsplsmtmvls kakhtrøemhls ke ue hunbrl hlgpnrntmvl. Gkhîemhls / Kakhtrlgkhîemhls

Kakhtrøemhls

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual ?. N hletmeunhmøe hletmeunhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Cuehmlengmketl .

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Cuehmlengmketl RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL 8

Ke kstk hnpçtual sk vkrîî an hlestru vkr hlestruhhmø hhmøee y cuehmlengmketl bk ue trnesclrgnblr.

8.> Hlestruhhmøe bk ue trnesclrgnblr

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8.? Prmehmpml bk cuehmlengmke cuehmlengmketl tl

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8. Cuehmlengmketl

8.> Hlestruhhmøe bk ue trnesclrgnblr Ke lhnsmleks, als bkvnenbls als trnesclrgnblrks hlgkrhmnaks el sk hlalhne ke pmkrens l hlaugens gktîamhns skpnrnbns (hlgl skbkloskrvn ke als bmnirngns ksqukgîtmhls) puks kxmstk ue gítlbl gîs kcmhmketk, quk rkbuhk an cuin l bmspkrsmøe bk açekns bk caujl (gnieítmhl). Ka gítlbl hlesmstk ke hlalhnr als bkvnenbls prmgnrml y skhuebnrml uel slork ltrl tna hlgl sk gukstrn ke ka irîcmhl. ¡NRKEHMØE! Xm sk kerlaane als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr ke pmkrens skpnrnbns, irne pnrtk bka caujl prlbuhmbl plr an hlrrmketk bka prmgnrml el pukbk nahneznr na bkvnenbl skhuebnrml. D>

Rrnesclrgnblr hle als bkvnenbls uel slork ltrl

T>

Ke kstk hnsl ans tkrgmenaks D> y D? sle pnrn ka bkvnenbl bka prmgnrml y ans tkrgmenaks bka skhuebnrml quk vne n an hnrin sle T> y T?.

T? D?

Pnrn an clrgnhmøe bk olomens ke als trnesclrgnblrks kxmstke bls gítlbls: ka hmaçebrmhl y ka bk olomens panens. Olomen bk onjl vlatnjk Olomen bk natl vlatnjk

Eúhakl Smstn trnesvkrsna bk ue trnesclrgnblr hle bkvnenbls dkhdls gkbmnetk ka gítlbl hmaçebrmhl

Gítlbl bk olomens panens

Ke ka gítlbl bk olomens panens sk hlestruyke

Gítlbl hmaçebrmhl

Ikekrnagketk als bkvnenbls sk dnhke ke clrgn hmaçebrmhn y sk hlalhne uel bketrl bk ltrl, hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn. Ke kstk gítlbl, ka bkvnenbl bk onjl vlatnjk sk hlalhn juetl na eúhakl y ka bk natl vlatnjk ke an pnrtk bk ncukrn l kxtkren. Kstk nrrkial rkqumkrk søal bk uen hnpn bk nmsanetk bk natl vlatnjk ketrk ngols bkvnenbls.

Olomen bk onjl vlatnjk

Olomen bk natl vlatnjk

Eúhakl

skhhmleks panens y bkainbns aangnbns olomens panens. Kstns skhhmleks sk hlalhne ketrk hnpns bk gntkrmna nmsanetk. Smstn trnesvkrsna bk ue trnesclrgnblr hle bkvnenbls dkhdls gkbmnetk ka gítlbl bk olomens panens

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8. Cuehmlengmketl

8.? Prmehmpml bk cuehmlengmketl ¼Høgl trnonjn ue trnesclrgnblr<

An kekriçn kaíhtrmhn bk hlrrmketk natkren sk metrlbuhk plr an olomen bk ketrnb ketrnbnn ‒l prmgnr prmgnrmn‒ mn‒ bka ttrnesc rnesclrgnbl lrgnblr, r, nndç dç sk hhlevmkr levmkrtk tk ke kekriçn gnieítmhn. An kekriçn gnieítmhn cauyk plr ka eúhakl angmenbl bk dmkrrl n an snambn l olomen skhuebnrmn. Ke an olomen skhuebnrmn sk hlevmkrtk bk kekriçn gnieítmhn n kaíhtrmhn plr mebuhhmøe kakhtrlgnieítmhn.

Xmkgprk sk pmkrbk nail bk kekriçn ke ka prlhksl bk trnesclrgnhmøe. Nugketn vlatnjk

Bmsgmeuyk hlrrmketk

_kbuhk vlatnjk

Nugketn hlrrmketk

Bls olomens hkrhnens

Olomen >

Hlesmbkrk bls olomens quk sk kehuketrne guy hkrhnens, blebk n an olomen > sk ak npamhn ue vlatnjk bk hlrrmketk natkren.

Olomen ?

Prlbuhhmøe bk ue hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak

Olomen >

Ístn ikekrnrî ikekrnrî ue hngpl gnieí gnieítmhl tmhl vnrmn vnrmnoak. oak.

Olomen ?

Hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak

Olomen >

Olomen ?

Slatnjk mebuhmbl ke an olomen ?

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Xm kstk hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak metkrnhtún hle an olomen olomen ?, ke kaan sk mebuh mebuhmrî mrî ue vlatnj vlatnjkk bk hlrrmketk natkren. Onjl kstn hlebmhmøe sk tmkek ue vlatnjk ke an olomen ?, ka huna sk lotmkek sme tkekr hlekxmøe kaíhtrmhn ketrk ans olomens, yn quk ketrk kaans sk tmkek úemhngketk keanhk gnieítmhl. N kstk kckhtl sk bkelgmenue mebuhhmøe .

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8. Cuehmlengmketl

Hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe

Hngpl gnieítmhl vnrmnoak

Xm an olomen ? el tmkek hnrin (su hlrrmketk ks hkrl), an hlrrmketk ke an olomen > (hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe) ks an ekhksnrmn pnrn ikekrnr ka hngpl gnieítmhl. Hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe

Olomen >

Ke ka metkrmlr bk ans olomens sk hlalhn ue gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl pnrn prlbuhmr ue ngpaml hngpl gnieítmhl quk ketrkanzn ngons olomens.

Olomen ?

Gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl Eúhakl pnrn prlbuhmr ue hngpl gnieítmhl ngpaml (rloustl) Hngpl bk gniektmznhmøe

Hngpl gnieítmhl

S

Hle kstk nrrkial sk lotmkek uen gkelr hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe quk hunebl el sk tmkek ue eúhakl bk gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl. Kstl sk bkok n quk ka gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl ks gkjlr hlebuhtlr (gkelr rkauhtnehmn) bka hngpl gnieítmhl quk ka nmrk.

Eúhakl ckrrlgnieítmhl

Gkelr hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe

Ka eúhakl rkbuhk an hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe

_KH[K_BK Bkcmemgls na trnesclrgnblr hlgl uen gîqumen kaíhtrmhn kstîtmhn, sme pnrtks ke glvmgmketl, quk gkbmnetk mebuhhmøe kakhtrlgnieítmhn trnesclrgn an kekriçn kaíhtrmhn ke gnieítmhn y vmhkvkrsn.

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8. Cuehmlengmketl

NHRMSMBNB 2

Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl, rksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

>

Hlgpaktk als kspnhmls ke oanehl, npamhnebl ka prmehmpml bk lpkrnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr:

[en olomen quk sk namgketn hle hlrrmketk natkren ikekrn \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \   \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ka huna kstn prmehm prmehmpnagketk pnagketk ke ka eúhakl bk  \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ . Na ketrkanznral hle an olomen ?, sk mebuhmrî mebuhmrî ke kaan \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \   \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ .

?

Keuehmk bls vketnjns y bksvketnjns bk als bkvnenbls b kvnenbls hmaçebrmhls y panels.

8

¼Xk pukbk cnormhnr ue trnesclrgnblr slork ue eúhakl bk ue gntkrmna bk natçsmgn rkauhtnehmn< ] sm utmamzngls nmrk hlgl eúhakl, ¼cuehmlenrî hlgl trnesclrgnblr<

2

Bkcmen ka hlehkptl bk ‑hlrrmketk bk gniektmznhmøe‗.

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual 8. N hletmeunhmøe hletmeunhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Pírbmbns .

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Pírbmbns RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL 2

Ke kstk hnpçtual vkrkgls ans bmstmetns pírbmbns ke als trnesclrgnblrks y sus kckhtls.

2.> Pírbmbns

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2.? Gítlbls bk Kecrmngmketl

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2. Pírbmbns

2.> Pírbmbns Ans pírbmbns ke als trnesclrgnblrks pukbke hansmcmhnrsk ke bls irupls:

Pírbmbns

Pírbmbns ke ka

Pírbmbns ke ka

hlork

eúhakl

n. Pírbmbns ke ka hlork

Xk prlbuhke plr ka caujl bk hlrrmketk n trnvís bk an rksmstkehmn bk als hlebuhtlrks bka bkvnenbl prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Kstns pírbmbns sle gkelrks n gkbmbn quk sk utmamzn hnoak hle uen gnylr îrkn trnesvkrsna ke als bkvnenbls, yn quk kstl bmsgmeuyk an rksmstkehmn bk als gmsgls. Xme kgonril, kstn prîhtmhn mehrkgketn ka hlstl y tngnþl bka trnesclrgnblr. Rngomíe an rksmstkehmn bk als bkvnenbls nugketn hle an tkgpkrnturn, nsç, lpkrnr ue trnesclrgnblr n gnylr tkgpkrnturn el søal bktkrmlrn ka nmsangmketl bk als bkvnenbls, tngomíe mehrkgketn sus pírbmbns.

Gkelr îrkn trnesvkrsna

Gnylr pírbmbn

Gnylr îrkn trnesvkrsna

Gnylr tngnþl Gnylr hlstl

Gnylr tkgpkrnturn

Gnylr bktkrmlrl Gnylr hlstl

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2. Pírbmbns

o. Pírbmbns ke ka eúhakl

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Pírbmbns plr hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns (hlrrmketks bk Kbby) Kbb y)

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Pírbmbns plr dmstírksms

8

Pírbmbns bk cuin bk caujl gnieítmhl

2

Pírbmbns plr snturnhmøe bka eúhakl

Pírbmbns plr hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns (hlrrmketks bk Kbby)

Ka dkhdl bk quk ka eúhakl skn bk ue gntkrmna hlebuhtlr quk clrgk ue hmrhumtl hkrrnbl (hlgl uen kspmrn) y qukhlebuhtlr kstí ke uekahngpl vnrmnoak,uen dnhkhlrrmketk. quk sk mebuzhn ke ía ue vlatnjk. Hlgl ks ue gntkrmna vlatnjkgnieítmhl mebuhmbl prlbuhk Nsç, ans hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns sle nqukaans quk sk ikekrne plr mebuhhmøe ke ka eúhakl bk dmkrrl bka trnesclrgnblr,, n kstns hlrrmketks tngomíe sk aks hlelhk hle ka elgork bk hlrrmketks bk Kbby. trnesclrgnblr Kbby.

XLA[HMØE

P_LOAKGN

Ans hlrrmket hlrrmketks ks bk Kb Kbby by sle mebksknoaks yn quk y an hlesugke pltkehmn bmsmpne ke clrgn bk hnalr. [e eúhakl bk dmkrrl søambl kqumvnak n ue bkvnenbl bk hlrtlhmrhumtl y, bkombl n su onjn rksmstkehmn, sk prlbuhk uen natn hlrrmketk, al quk ikekrn uen pírbmbn bk pltkehmn mgplrtnetk.

Ka eúhakl bk gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl ks mgplrtnetk pnrn quk sk tkein ue nhlpangmketl kcmhmketk ketrk ngols bkvnenbls y plr al tnetl el sk pukbk kamgmenr.

An slauhmøe n kstk prloakgn sk alirn hlestruykebl ue eúhakl clrgnbl plr angmenhmleks guy bkainbns. Nsç, ka eúhakl bk als trnesclrgnblrks kstî clrgnbl plr uen irne hnetmbnb bk angmenhmleks bk gntkrmna ckrrlgnieítmhl. Ke kstn clrgn sk mehrkgketn an rksmstkehmn bka eúhakl na pnsl bk hlrrmketk y sk rkbuhke ans pírbmbns plr hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns l bk Kbby.

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2. Pírbmbns

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Pírbmbns plr dmstírksms

An tklrçn bka gniektmsgl kstnoakhk quk ke ue gntkrmna hnbn glaíhuan tmkek ue plal elrtk y ue plal sur. Hunebl ue gntkrmna el kstî gniektmznbl, l onjl an nhhmøe bk ue hngpl gnieítmhl, sus glaíhuans hngpls gnieítmhls kstîe bkslrbkenbns sk hnehkake(hle dnhmkebl als plals quknpuetnebl ka gntkrmnake eltlbns prksketk bmrkhhmleks). ue hngplKstl gnieítmhl dnhk quk als rksuatnetk.

Hunebl ue hlebuhtlr hle hlrrmketk ks hlalhnbl narkbkblr bka gntkrmna, kstk prlbuhk ue hngpl gnieítmhl y ikekrn quk sk namekke als plals bk sus glaíhuans.

DR

Hunebl uen olomen hle ue u e eúhakl ks hlekhtnbn n ue sugmemstrl bk hlrrmketk natkren, an bmrkhhmøe bk an hlrrmketk hngomn hlestnetkgketk prlbuhmkebl uen natkrenehmn ke an bmrkhhmøe bka caujl gnieítmhl. Ke kstk hnsl ans glaíhuans bka eúhakl kstîe hlestnetkgketk ke glvmgmketl trntnebl bk nameknrsk hle ka hngpl gnieítmhl natkrel. Kstn hlestnetk bk nameknhmøe glakhuanr gukstrn ue rktrnsl rktrnsl hle ka caujl bk hlrrmketk natkren y ka prlhksl bk rknameknhmøe bk ans glaíhuans hlesugk kekriçn. Ans glaíhuans gnetmkeke su nameknhmøe ke tnetl el sk aks npamquk kekriçn quk ans dnin hngomnr bk bmrkhhmøe. Ans pírbmbns plr dmstírksms sk bkoke n an nimtnhmøe gnieítmhn bk ans glaíhuans ke ka eúhakl y n su rksmstkehmn l mekrhmn n skr glvmbns, glvmbns, al huna lrmimen an prlbuhhmøe bk hnalr plr crmhhmøe y pírbmbns bk kekriçn. Ans pírbmbns plr dmstírksms sk mehrkgketne hle an crkhukehmn y sle tngomíe gnylrks ke gntkrmnaks bk natn rkgnekehmn. rkgnekehmn.

IALXN_ML _kgnekehmn : Ks an prlpmkbnb bk hmkrtls gntkrmnaks n rktkekr su gniektmsgl bkspuís bk dnokr smbl kxpukstls n ue hngpl gnieítmhl y plr al tnetl rkqumkrke bk gnylr kekriçn pnrn hngomnr an bmrkhhmøe bk sus glaíhuans.

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2. Pírbmbns

8

Pírbmbns bk cuin bk caujl gnieítmhl

Nsç hlgl ke ka hnsl bk an hlrrmketk kaíh kaíhtrmhn, trmhn, ke blebk an gnylr pnrtk bk an hlrrmketk cauyk cauyk plr ka hngmel quk lcrkhk uen gkelr rksmstkehmn, ke ka gniektmsgl an gnylr pnrtk bk ans açekns bk caujl smiuke an trnykhtlrmn bk gkelr rkauhtnehmn, quk ks ka eúhakl. Xme kgonril, kxmstke naiuens açekns bk caujl quk smiuke ltrn trnykhtlrmn. Hlgl ans açekns bk caujl ke uen gmsgn bmrkhhmøe sk rkpkake ketrk sç, pnrtk bk ans açekns bk caujl sle clrznbns dnhmn ka kspnhml nomkrtl y el pnsne plr bketrl bk als hlebuhtlrks bka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml bka trnesclrgnblr. Kstl sk hlesmbkrn hlgl uen cuin bk açekns bk caujl gnieítmhl. Bkombl n quk sk hlesugk kekriçn ke an ikekrnhmøe bk kstns açekns, y quk na el pnsnr p nsnr plr ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml el rkbmtúne emeiuen utmambnb, sk hlesmbkrne hlgl uen pírbmbn bk kekriçn.

2

Caujl prmehmpna

Cuins bk caujl

Pírbmbns plr snturnhmøe bka eúhakl

Ans pírbmbns plr snturnhmøe lhurrke ikekrnagketk hunebl als trnesclrgnblrks trnescl rgnblrks sle lpkrnbls hle vlatnjks gnylrks n als elgmenaks. Ka eúhakl bka trnesclrgnblr sk hlesmbkrn ue hngmel pnrn ka pnsl bk açekns bk caujl. N gkbmbn quk sk mehrkgketn an hlrrmketk, ka eúgkrl bk açekns bk caujl ks gnylr, dnstn d nstn

Puetl bk snturnhmøe Eúgkrl bk açekns bk caujl

quk ka eúhakl e l pkrgmtk ka pnsl el bk gîs açekns sk bk aaken caujl ygnieítmhl. Hunebl ka eúhakl el pkrgmtk gîs açekns bk caujl,, sk bmhk quk kstî caujl kstî snturn snturnbl bl.. Nsç, hunebl sk mehrkgketn an hlrrmketk el suhkbk enbn l søal sk hlevmkrtk ke ue mehrkgketl guy rkbuhmbl bk açekns bk caujl, nugketnebl, smiemcmhntmvngketk, ans pírbmbns ke ka hlork.

Hlrrmketk ke ngpkrks

_kanhmøe ketrk an hlrrmketk y eúgkrl bk açekns a çekns bk cukrzn, glstrnebl an rkimøe bk snturnhmøe

¡NRKEHMØE! Ans pírbmbns plr hlrrmketks hlrrmketk bk Kbby plr dmstírksms[e tmkeke rkanhmøe e bmrkhtn hle an bkokrî gniemtub y crkhukehmn bkasvlatnjk bk ynamgketnhmøe. ou kerkanhmø ouke gntkrmna pnrn ue eúhakl tkekr uen onjn rkauhtnehmn rkauhtnehmn y rkgnekehmn. Ans pírbm pírbmbns bns plr hlrrmketks bk Kbby pukbke gmemgmznrsk hlestruykebl ue eúhakl clrgnbl plr angmenhmleks.

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2. Pírbmbns

Mebmquk pnrn hnbn uel bk als tmpls bk pírbmbns ke ka trnesclrgnblr uen nhhmøe plsmoak pnrn bmsgmeumr an pírbmbn.

Pírbmbns ke ka hlork

Hlrrmketks Kbby

Dmstírksms

Cuin bk caujl gnieítmhl

NHRMSMBNB ;

Xnturnhmøe eúhakl bka

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2. Pírbmbns

2.? Gítlbls bk Kecrmngmketl Rrnesclrgnblrks y Hnalr Ka hnalr sk ikekrn ke als trnesclrgnblrks hlgl rksuatnbl bk: • An hlrrmketk quk cauyk plr an rksmstkehmn bk als bkvnenbls • Ans hlrrmketks bk Kbby • Ans pírbmbns plr dmstírksms Pnrn tkekr uen ouken hnpnhmbnb bk hnrin sk bkok usnr ue kqumpl bk kecrmngmketl kcmhmketk pnrn rkbuhmr an tkgpkrnturn bk lpkrnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr yn quk an tkgpkrnturn tkgpkrnturn ks ka prmehmpna cnhtlr bk bkirnbnhmøe (bksinstk) bka emvka bk nmsangmketl bka nhkmtk y bk bktkrmlrl ke ka nmsangmketl bk als ikekrnagketk kecrmnbls kecrmnbls plr bkvnenbls. Als trnesclrgnblrks hle hnpnhmbnb bk dnstn ; fSN²s sle ikekrnagketk nmrk.. Ka hnalr prlbuhmbl ks bmsmpnbl ke als narkbkblrks n trnvís bk rnbmnhmøe enturna. Als nmrk trnesclrgnblrks bk bmstrmouhmøe bk pkqukþn y gkbmnen pltkehmn sle kecrmnbls gkbmnetk tnequks bk nhkmtk l hle ue açqumbl nmsanetk smetítmhl el mecangnoak. Kstk tmpl bk gntkrmna kecrmnblr tmkek bls prlpøsmtls. Prmgkrl, trnesplrtn ka hnalr hnalr bksbk als bkvnenbls dnstn an supkrcmhmk bka tnequk, ke blebk sk bmsmpn ke ka nmrk y skiuebl, smrvk hlgl nmsanetk ketrk als bkvnenbls. RMPLX BK KEC_MNGMKERL KE R_NEXCL_GNBL_KX Bksmienhmøe netmiun

Bksmienhmøe eukvn

Bkshrmphmøe

LN/CLN

LENE/LCNL

Nhkmtk-nmrk, hlevkhhmøe enturna, nhkmtk-nmrk, hlevkhhmøe clrznbn

CLY

LCYC

LN

LENE

LN/CN

LENE/LENC

Natns hnpnhmbnbks

Gkbmnens y onjns hnpnhmbnbks

Nhkmtk-niun, hlevkhhmøe clrznbn Nhkmtk-nmrk, hlevkhhmøe enturna Nhkmtk-nmrk, hlevkhhmøe enturna y hlevkhhmøe clrznbn bk nmrk

¡NRKEHMØE! Pnrn an eukvn bksmienhmøe sk utmamzn ue pnr bk irupls bk ? aktrns blebk: • An prmgkr aktrn bktkrgmen ka gntkrmna L: Lma (nhkmtk) N: Nmr  (nmrk) Y: Yntkr (niun). • An skiuebn aktrn bktkrgmen an clrgn E: Enturna, C: Clrznbn.

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2. Pírbmbns

Kecrmngmketl nhkmtk-niun y hlevkhhmøe clrznbn

Als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn bk natn hnpnhmbnb sle crkhuketkgketk kqumpnbls hle kecrmnblrks bka tmpl niun-nhkmtk hle hmrhuanhmøe clrznbn. >. Kecrmngmketl niun / nhkmtk Kstk smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl huketn hle ue metkrhngomnblr bk hnalr, n trnvís bka huna sk cukrzn ka caujl bk niun y bk nhkmtk bka trnesclrgnblr plr gkbml bk uen olgon. Ka nhkmtk bka trnesclrgnblr hmrhuan narkbkblr bk tuols plr als hunaks hmrhuan niun crkshn: ka niun el tmkek hletnhtl bmrkhtl hle ka nhkmtk, sme kgonril, rknamzn ka lojktmvl bk ntrnpnr ka hnalr bka nhkmtk alirnebl su kecrmngmketl. Als tuols bk kecrmngmketl sle hlestrumbls bk hlork hle an cmenambnb bk g gkjlrnr kjlrnr an trnesckrkehmn bk hnalr ke ka smstkgn. Als kecrmnblrks (metkrhngomnblrks) sle bmskþnbls hle uen hnpnhmbnb slornbn bk ketrk ue ?0 y bkuecaujl 80%,hnusnbl pnrn hlgpkesnr bmsgmeuhmøe plr an an suhmkbnb ke ans tuokrçns.

GNERKEMGMKERL [e puetl mgplrtnetk quk dny quk humbnr ke rkanhmøe n an tuokrçn plr blebk hmrhuan ka niun ks su amgpmkzn, yn quk hunebl als tuols sk kehuketrne suhmls suhmls,, sk rkbuhk rkbuhk ka caujl bk niun bmsgmeuykebl an hnpnhmbnb bk kecrmngmketl.

Naiuels trnesclrgnblrks rkqumkrke rnbmnblrks kxtkrels, yn quk plr kjkgpal, hunebl sk tmkeke trnesclrgnblrks bk irne hnpnhmbnb (?0,000 fSN²s l gîs), ka nhkmtk el pukbk trnesplrtnr ka hhnalr nalr tne rîpmbngketk. Hletrla bk kecrmngmketl

Mebmhnblrks bk caujl

_mksils: cuins

Glemtlrkl

• Ks mgplrtnetk supkrvmsnr ka caujl bk niun y nhkmtk nhkmtk ke ue smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl LCYC, bnbl n quk uen rkbuhhmøe l cnaan ke an hmrhuanhmøe nckhtn na prlhksl bk kecrmngmketl. nhkmtk. Als • Xk kgpakne mebmhnblrks bk caujl pnrn glemtlrknr tnetl ka hmrhumtl bk nmrk hlgl ka bk nhkmtk. mebmhnblrks bk caujl kstîe prlvmstls hle hletnhtls pnrn lpkrnr uen nanrgn sm ka caujl hnk bk ue emvka bktkrgmenbl. • [e rmksil quk sk hlrrk hlrrk ke als smstkgns bk kecrmngmketl hle niun ks an prkskehmn bk uen cuin, yn quk ístn pukbk hletngmenr ka nhkmtk hle niun. ¼Høgl rkbuhmr an plsmomambnb bk hletngmenr ka nhkmtk hle niun hunebl sk prksketn uen cuin< • Nskiurnr quk an prksmøe bka niun skn gkelr quk an bka nhkmtk. • [snr kecrmnblrks (metkrhngomnblrks) bk bloak pnrkb hle rkspmrnbkrl pnrn cuins bk niun n an ntgøsckrn. Ans prksmleks bka niun y an bka nhkmtk sle glemtlrknbns glemtlrknbns plr gneøgktrls l metkrruptlrks bk prksmøe hle hletnhtls pnrn nanrgn. Plr ltrn pnrtk, ans tkgpkrnturns bk als caumbls n trnvís bka kecrmnblr sle glemtlrknbns gkbmnetk tkrgøgktrls quk sk kehuketrne mestnanbls ke ke ans ketrnbns y snambns bka kecrmnblr.

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2. Pírbmbns

>. Kecrmngmketl hlevkhhmøe clrznbn Als trnesclrgnblrks n vkhks sle kecrmnbls hle nmrk clrznbl dnhm dnhmnn nrrmon bksbk nonjl. Ka nmrk hmrhuan narkbkblr bka eúhakl y als bkvnenbls y kamgmen kamgmen ka kxhksl bk hnalr plr an pnrtk supkrmlr. Kstls trnesclrgnblrks sle gîs amikrls quk als kecrmnbls plr niun, lhupne gkels kspnhml y sle gkels hlstlsls. Xu prmehmpna bksvketnjn ks an ekhksmbnb bk nmrk skhl y amgpml. Na utmamznr nmrk clrznbl sk mehrkgketn an hnpnhmbnb bka trnesclrgnblr plr hkrhn bka 88% slork ka nutlkecrmnbl (hlevkhhmøe enturna) rîpmbngketk.

NHRMSMBNB 3

Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl ke kstk hnpçtual slork ans pírbmbns, plr cnvlr rksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

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¼^uí smiemcmhn uen rkcr rkcrmikrnhmøe mikrnhmøe LCYC< ¼y uen LENE< ¼Huîa utmamznr utmamznrçn çn ke ue trnesclrgnblr bk >0 GSN<

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Xupleingls quk ustkb bkok vkrmcmhnr quk ka trnesclrgnblr bk ue kqumpl el rkhnamketk gîs bk al nhkptnoak, ¼N quí pnrîgktrls hhrkk rkk ekhksn ekhksnrml rml prkstnr ntkehmøe<

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks!

[stkb dnunhmøe cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual 2.hnpçtual N hletmeunhmøe hletme sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks .

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL ;

Kstk hnpçtual vkrkgls ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns prmehmpnaks quk bmckrkehmne ue trnesclrgnblr bk ltrl, nenamznebl sus pnrîgktrls hnrnhtkrçstmhls.

;.> _kanhmøe ketrk Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

28

;.? Mgpkbnehmn

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;.8 Hnsl Prîhtmhl: Kspkhmcmhnhmleks ke Panhn

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

;.> _kanhmøe ketrk Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks ]n hlgprkebmbl ka prmehmpml bka cuehmlengmketl bka trnesclrgnblr, prlcuebmznr ke su hlelhmgmketl mgpamhn hlelhkr sus pnrîgktrls gîs mgplrtnetks, quk sle als quk ke bkcmemtmvn bmckrkehmne n ue trnesclrgnblr bk ltrl.

Rrnesclrgnblr bk Pltkehmn

R[

fSN ?; Nugk Nugketl etl bk Rkg Rkgp. p. >>;°H Mebkpk Mebkpkebkehmn ebkehmn ? ?.?% .?% Slatnjk Prmgnrml 300 Slatnjk Xkhuebnrml >?0/?20 Dkrtzz 30 Dkrt Cnsk smgpak Rmpl Xkhl Glbkal El. TIR Xkrmk El. >0> - >?88 YR.AOX.2;0 T2 P_MGN_ML Slats Xlork Açekns D> & D? 300

D>

D? T8 T?

T>

XKH[EBN_ML Xlork Açekns T> & T2 Slats Hlekhtnr >?0 T>-T8, T?-T2 ?20 T? ‘ T8 T8 [A

Panhn bk bntls bk ue trnesclrgnblr

Als pnrîgktrls prmehmpnaks bka trnesclrgnblr sk gukstrne ke su panhn y pkrgmtke nskiurnr quk su npamhnhmøe sk aakv aakvnrî nrî n hnol ke cl clrgn rgn nbkhunb nbkhunbn. n. Xk mebmhne ans hlekxmleks bk als bkvnenbls prmgnrml y skhuebnrml, vlatnjks bk namgketnhmøe y snambn, mgpkbnehmn, kth. NEKTL Bketrl bka nekxl kehletrnrî ans smgolaliçns gîs utmamznbns y sus rkckrkehmns.

¡NRKEHMØE! Ke kstk gneuna sk pukbke prksketnr hnrnhtkrçstmhns ikekrnaks bk kakgketls kaíhtrmhls ‘ kakhtrøemhls. Xmeykgonril, na glgketl bk npamhnrals, sk bkoke ke huketn ans kspkhmcmhnhmleks npamhnhmleks rkhlgkebnbns plr meikemkrçn meikemkrçn, , katlgnr cnormhnetk y an npamhnhmøe bk ans rkians bk skiurmbnb.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

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Kspkhmcmhnhmleks Hunebl sk dnhk uen rkvmsmøe, sk hlgprn l sk dnhk ka gnetkemgmketl n ue trnesclrgnblr, sk ekhksmtn hlelhkral l bmsplekr bk blhugketnhmøe, tnetl bk tlbns sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk lpkrnhmøe hlgl bk hlestruhhmøe y an clrgn bk lpkrnr. N hletmeunhmøe, sk amstne amstne naiuens bk ans kspkhmcmhnhmleks kspkhmcmhnhmleks gîs hlgueks nuequk pukbke vnrmnr skiúe ka cnormhnetk: • • • • • • • •

Hnpnhmbnb bka trnesclrgnblr ke fSN l pltkehmn npnrketk npnrketk66 Eúgkrl bk cnsks: > n 8 skiúe an hlestruhhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr6 Crkhukehmn ke hmhals plr skiuebls (Dz)6 Slatnjk bka olomenbl prmgnrml6 Slatnjk bka olomenbl skhuebnrml6 Hlekxmøe ke ka prmgnrml (kstrkaan, bkatn, bkatn nomkrtn, kth.)6 Hlekxmøe ke ka skhuebnrml6 Eúgkrl bk bkrmvnhmleks nrrmon y nonjl bka vlatnjk elgmena y ka plrhketnjk bk hnbn uen6 • Xlorkkakvnhmøe bk tkgpkrnturn pkrgmtmbn ke irnbls hketçirnbls6 • Naturn n emvka bka gnr bk an quk sk vn n lpkrnr ka trnesclrgnblr. Rngomíe dny ltrl tmpl bk kspkhmcmhnhmleks quk bkpkebke bkpkebke bk an mestnanhmøe, tmpl bk hnrins hlekhtnbns, kqumpl y gnrhns quk sk gnekjne, kth. • • • • •

Buhtls y tuokrçns bk natn y onj onjnn tkesmøe6 Xugkrsmøe ke açqumbl kspkhmna el mecangnoak6 Kqumpl bk vketmanhmøe clrznbn hlgl rnbmnblrks6 Mgpkbnehmn kspkhmna6 Hunaqumkr nhhkslrml l nrrkial quk el kstíe bketrl bk ans elrgns bka trnesclrgnblr l quk sk nhlpake ke an kgprksn.

Nenamznrkgls als smiumketks pnrîgktrls bk als trnesclrgnblrks:

>

_kanhmøe bk pltkehmn ketrk als bkvnenbls

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_nzøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe

8

_kanhmøe bk vlatnjk ketrk bkvnenbls

2

_kanhmøe bk hlrrmketk ketrk bkvnenbls

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

>

_kanhmøe bk pltkehmn ketrk als bkvnenbls

An pltkehmn l hnpnhmbnb bk ue trnesclrgnblr, bktkrgmen ka vlatnjk y an hlrrmketk quk ka trnesclrgnblr ks hnpnz bk sugmemstrnr n an hnrin, sme quk sk prksketk ue slorkhnaketngmketl. [e trnesclrgnblr el ikekrnkakhtrlgnieítmhn. pltkehmn kaíhtrmhn,Hlesmbkrnebl smgpakgketk an trnescmkrk l hlevmkrtk bk uen olomen n ltrn plr mebuhhmøe quk ans pírbmbns sle mesmiemcmhnetks ke ue trnesclrgnblr (suplsmhmøe quk sk dnhk crkhuketkgketk pnrn lotkekr vnalrks nprlxmgnbls), an pltkehmn quk ketrn n su bkvnenbl prmgnrml ks miuna n an pltkehmn quk snak plr su bkvnenbl skhuebnrml. Pltkehmn bka prmgnrml 7 Pltkehmn bka skhuebnrml

Mp

Ms Sp

Olomen Pr Prmgnrmn

Ss

Olomen Xk Xkhuebnrmn

Pnrîgktrls pnrn bktkrgmenhmøe bk an pltkehmn

An pltkehmn bk als trnesclrgnblrks sk kspkhmcmhn ke vlat-ngpkrks (SN), y ks ka prlbuhtl bka vlatnjk plr an hlrrmketk quk hmrhuan ke sus bkvnenbls. Mp 7 Ss Ss * Ms Ms SN 7 Sp * Mp blebk: Sp: Slatnjk olomen bka prmgnrml Ss: Slatnjk olomen bka skhuebnrml Mp: Hlrrmketk olomen bka prmgnrml Ms: Hlrrmketk olomen bka skhuebnrml

Kstn khunhmøe ks vîambn søal pnrn hnahuanr an pltkehmn bk ue trnesclrgnblr glelcîsmhl. Pnrn ka hîahual bk an pltkehmn ke ue trnesclrgnblr trmcîsmhl sk utmamzn an smiumketk khunhmøe:

P

 

8SM 

blebk: S 7 Slatnjk bk açekn M 7 Hlrrmketk bk açekn

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

KJKGPAL Ke ka trnesclrgnblr bk an cmiurn sk npamhne ??0 SHN S HN ke an olomen bka prmgnrml y sk tmkek uen hlrrmketk elgmena bk >0 ngpkrks, ka vlatnjk ke an olomen bka skhuebnrml ks bk >>0 SHN. N) Pnrn lotkekr als vlat-ngpkrks bka trnesclrgnblr smgpakgketk sk guatmpamhn ka vlatnjk y an hlrrmketk bka bkvnenbl prmgnrml, nsç sk lotmkek an pltk pltkehmn: ehmn:

Mp Sp

Olomen prmgnrmn Cuketk bk ??0 SHN

SN 7 Sp * Mp 7 ?? ??0 0 S *>0 N 7 ??00 SN

Ss

Ms

Olomen skhuebnrmn >>0 SHN

_kanhmøe bk pltkehmn ketrk bkvnenbls

Hunebl an pltkehmn ks gnylr n >000 SN sk hngomne ans uembnbks n fmalvlat-ngpkrks (fSN). Nsç, an pltkehmn bka trnesclrgnblr ks bk ?.? fSN. O) ¼^uí hlrrmketk hmrhuan ke an olomen bka skhuebnrml< [tmamznebl an hlesmbkrnhmøe bk hkrl pírbmbns, an pltkehmn ke ka skhuebnrml ks miuna n an bka prmgnrml, nsç: SN 7 Sp * MMpp 7 SSss * MMss Bkspkjnebl pnrn an hlrrmketk bka skhuebnrml Ms, tkekgls:

(Sp)(Mp)  Ms        Ss  

 (??0 S)(>0S)   ?0N  Xustmtuykebl als bntls ke an khunhmøe: Ms     >>0S   H) Xm ndlrn ke an olomen bka skhuebnrml hmrhuanrne ? N, ¼huîa skrçn an hlrrmketk ke ka prmgnrml< [en vkz gîs, hlesmbkrnebl an miunabnb bk pltkehmn ketrk prmgnrml y skhuebnrml: SN 7 Sp*Mp 7 Ss*Ms Bkspkjnebl pnrn an hlrrmketk bka prmgnrml Mp, tkekgls: Mp     (Ss)(Ms)    Sp   Xustmtuykebl als bntls ke an khunhmøe, Mp 7 > N

Ke ka hnsl bk ue trnesclrgnblr hle vnrmls bkvnenbls skhuebnrmls, an pltkehmn bk ketrnbn na prmgnrml bkokrî skr nprlxmgnbngketk miuna n an sugn bk ans pltkehmns ke als bkvnenbls skhuebnrmls. An pltkehmn bk als trnesclrgnblrks sk kxprksne ke vlat-ngpkrks (SN) y ke ka hnsl bk pltkehmns natns (gnylrks n >000 SN) ke ke fmalvlat-ngpkrks ø fSN (gmaks bk vlat-ngpkrks) l ke ke gkinvlatngpkrks ø GSN (gmaaleks bk vlat-ngpkrks). ¡NRKEHMØE! Ke hnsl bk tkekr uen bmckrkehmn smiemcmhntmvn ke pltkehmns sk pukbk nskiurnr quk kxmstk naiúe bnþl ke ka trnesclrgnblr.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

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_nzøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe

[e pnrîgktrl guy mgplrtnetk y ngpamngketk utmamznbl ks an rnzøe l rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe, quk ks an rkanhmøe bk kspmrns ketrk ans olomens bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml bk ue trnesclrgnblr. An rnzøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe ikekrnagketk sk kxprksn hlgl uen prlplrhmøe: plr kjkgpal >;:>, ;0:>, >:?;, >:?. Kstn prlplrhmøe mebmhn uen rkanhmøe bk >:? plrquk an olomen bka skhuebnrml tmkek ka bloak bk kspmrns quk an olomen bka prmgnrml.

Olomen Prmgnrmn =00 vukatns

Olomen Xkhuebnrmn >400 vukatns >:?

_kanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe

An rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe pkrgmtk lotkekr an rkanhmøe bk vlatnjk y hlrrmketk ketrk als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr.

8

_kanhmøe bk vlatnjk ketrk bkvnenbls

An rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe l rkanhmøe bk kspmrns bkcmek huîetl vn n skr ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml hunebl sk an npamhn ue vlatnjk ke ka prmgnrml. Ke ka trnesclrgnblr, ka vlatnjk plr kspmrn ks hlestnetk tnetl ke prmgnrml hlgl ke ka skhuebnrml, nsç, ka bkvnenbl quk tkein gîs kspmrns skrî ka quk prksketk ue vlatnjk gîs natl ke sus tkrgmenaks. Nsç hunebl an olomen bka skh skhuebnrml uebnrml tmk tmkek ek gîs kspmrns quk an olomen bka prmgnrml, su vlatnjk skrî gnylr quk ka bka prmgnrml. Ke kstk hhnsl, nsl, hunebl ka skhuebnrml prksketn ue vlatnjk gnylr quk ka prmgnrml, na trnesclrgnblr sk ak aangn kakvnblr kakvnblr.. Rrnesclrgnblr kakvnblr Slatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml 5 Slatnjk ke ka prmgnrml

Olomen Xkhuebnrmn >400 vukatns

Olomen Prmgnrmn =00 vukatns

Olomen Prmgnrmn =00 vukatns Sp 7 >?0 >?0 SHN SHN

Olomen Xkhuebnrmn >400 vukatns >:?

Rrnesclrgnblr kakvnblr

Ss 7 ?20 ?20 SHN SHN

Xm an olomen bka skhuebnrml tmkek gkels kspmrns quk an olomen bka prmgnrml, ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml skrî gkelr quk ka bka prmgnrml y na trnesclrgnblr sk ak bkelgmenrî rkbuhtlr. rkbuhtlr. Rrnesclrgnblr rkbuhtlr Slatnjk ke ka prmgnrml 5 Slatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml

Sp 7 >?0 >?0 SH SHN N

Ss 7 ?20 ?20 SHN SHN

Rrnesclrgnblr rkbuhtlr

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

An rkanhmøe ketrk ka vlatnjk bka prmgnrml, ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml y ka eúgkrl bk kspmrns ke hnbn bkvnenbl sk bktkrgmen hle an smiumketk khunhmøe:  Sp   Ss      Ep   Es  blebk: Sp: Slatnjk ke ka prmgnrml Ss: Slatnjk bka skhuebnrml Ep: Eúgkrl bk kspmrns bka prmgnrml Es: Eúgkrl bk kspmrns bka skhuebnrml

KJKGPAL Hlesmbkrk ue trnesclrgnblr hle ;0 kspmrns ke an olomen bka prmgnrml y >000 kspmrns ke an olomen bka skhuebnrml, sm sk npamhn ue u e vlatnjk bk >>0 SHN n an olomen bka prmgnrml ¼^uí vlatnjk vlatn jk sk tkebrî ke tkrgmen tkrgmenaks aks bk an olomen bka skhuebnrml<

Olomen;0 prmgnrmn vukatns

Xustmtuykebl als vnalrks ke an khunhmøe: Sp 7 >>0 >>0 SHN SHN

Ke kstk hnsl sk tmkek ue trnesclrgnblr kakvnblr

2

Olomen>000 skhuebnrmn vukatns

Hîahual bk vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml

_kanhmøe bk hlrrmketk ketrk bkvnenbls

]n quk an rkanhmøe bk kspmrns cmjn, an rkanhmøe ketrk als vlatnjks bka prmgnrml y bka skhuebnrml, hlesmbkrnebl nbkgîs, quk an pltkehmn bk an olomen bka prmgnrml ks miuna n an pltkehmn bk an olomen bka skhuebnrml: Sp * Mp 7 Ss * Ms Ketlehks an rkanhmøe bk kspmrns tngomíe bkok kstnoakhkr uen rkanhmøe ketrk an hlrrmketk bka prmgnrml y bka skhuebnrml. Nsç, an olomen quk tmkek gîs vlatnjk, tmkek tmkek gnylr eúgkrl bk kspmrns y plr hlesmiumketk tkebrî uen hlrrmketk gîs onjn. Ke clrgn smgmanr, an olomen bk vlatnjk gîs onjl, hle gkelr eúgkrl bk kspmrns, tkebrî an hlrrmketk gîs natn. An rkanhmøe rkanhmøe ketrk ka eúgkrl bk kspmrns y an hlrrmketk kkee ans olomens ks: Mp * Ep 7 Ms * Es

blebk: Mp: Hlrrmketk ke an olomen bka prmgnrml Ms: Hlrrmketk ke an an olomen bka skhuebnrml Ep: Eúgkrl bk kspmrns bka prmgnrml Es: Eúgkrl bk kspmrns bka skhuebnrml

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

KJKGPAL Hlesmbkrk ue trnesclrgnblr hle ;00 kspmrns ke an olomen bka prmgnrml, blebk sk ak npamhne >>0 SHN. Xk tmkek tngomíe ue bkvnenbl skhuebnrml hle >000 kspmrns quk na hlekhtnrsk n an hnrin, hmrhuan uen hlrrmketk bk > N. Mp 7 <

N) ¼Huîa ks an hlrrmketk ke an olomen bka prmgnrml< Ms   Ep  Bk an khunhmøe:       Mp   Es  Es  Bkspkjnebl: Mp  Ms     Ep 

>N Olomen Prmgnrmn ;00 vukatns Sp 7 >> >>0 0 SHN SHN

Olomen Xkhuebnrmn >000 vukatns >:? Ss 7 <

Hîahual bk hlrrmketk y vlatnjk

>000  Xustmtuykebl: Mp  (>N)      ?N   ;00   O) ¼Huîa ks ka vlatnjk ke an olomen bka skhuebnrml<  Sp    Ep       Ss   Es  Ep  Bkspkjnebl: Ss  (Sp)     Es  >000  Xustmtuykebl: Ss  (>>0S)      ??0SHN   ;00   H) Hle als vnalrks lotkembls, vkrmcmhnr quk an pltkehmn ke ka prmgnrml skn miuna n an bka skhuebnrml. [snebl an khunhmøe bk pltkehmn: P7 SM Pnrn ka Prmgnrml : Pp7(>>0SHN)(?)7 ??0SN Pnrn ka Xkhuebnrml: Ps7(??0SHN)(>ª)7 ??0SHN Ka trnesclrgnblr tmkek uen pltkehmn bk ??0 SN. Als rksuatnbls sle hlrrkhtls puks an pltkehmn bka prmgnrml ks miuna n an bka skhuebnrml.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

;.? Mgpkbnehmn Ltrl pnrîgktrl mgplrtnetk bka trnesclrgnblr ks su mgpkbnehmn. An mgpkbnehmn bk ue trnesclrgnblr sk bkcmek hlgl su lplsmhmøe tltna na caujl bk hlrrmketk. hlrrmketk. Ke ka bkvnenbl bk ue trnesclrgnblr an mgpkbnehmn bkpkebk bka hnamork bka hlebuhtlr y bk su eúgkrl bk vukatns. Ke ngomketks mebustrmnaks, nue hunebl ka bkvnenbl prmgnrml y ka skhuebnrml tmkeke hnbn uel uen mgpkbnehmn hnrnhtkrçstmhn, sk hlesmbkrn n an mgpkbnehmn bka trnesclrgnblr hlgl uen mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk, blebk sk nirupne ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk ngols bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr. Ketrk ltrns npamhnhmleks, an mgpkbnehmn bka trnesclrgnblr sk utmamzn pnrn: hlrtlhmrhumtl, ke an skakhhmøe bk ans prltkhhmleks bk slorkhnrin y • Bktkrgmenr an hlrrmketk bk hlrtlhmrhumtl, hlrtlhmrhumtl. • Lotkekr an hnrnhtkrçstmhn bk rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk bka trnesclrgnblr. An rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk kstnoakhk su vnrmnhmøe bk vlatnjk netk vnrmnhmleks bk sme hnrin n paken hnrin. • Hlekhtnr trnesclrgnblrks ke pnrnakal. Xm sle bk an gmsgn pltkehmn y bk bmckrketk mgpkbnehmn, ka bk gkelr gkelr mgpkbnehmn tlgnrî gîs hlrrmketk y el dnorî uen ouken bmstrmouhmøe bk hnrin.

Prlhkbmgmketl pnrn ka hîahual bk an mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk >. Xk hlekhtn an olomen bka skhuebnrml ke hlrtlhmrhumtl. ?. Xk npamhn ka vlatnjk ekhksnrml ke an olomen bka prmgnrml pnrn tkekr an hlrrmketk elgmena ke an olomen bka prmgnrml.

Mp elg elgmen menaa Hlrtl hmrhumtl

Sp

Olomen skhuebnrmn Olomen prmgnrmn

Bktkrgmenhmøe bk mgpkbnehmn bka trnesclrgnblr

Hle kstl sk lotmkek an mgpkbnehmn ke plrhketnjk, quk ks ue pnrîgktrl quk tngomíe bkcmek b kcmek na trnesclrgnblr.  Sphh  Zk%    (>00) Sp     blebk: Sphh: Slatnjk ke ka prmgnrml hle ka skhuebnrml

ke hlrtl Sp: Slatnjk elgmena bka prmgnrml Zk%: Mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk ke plrhketnjk

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

KJKGPAL Xk tmkeke bls trnesclrgnblrks hle als smiumketks bntls bk panhn: Rrnesclrgnblr > Pltkehmn: ?00 fSN Mgpkbnehmn bka ?%

Sp: >8,400 S Ss: 220 S

Rrnesclrgnblr ? Pltkehmn: ?00 fSN Mgpkbnehmn bka 0.?%

Sp: >8,400 S Ss: 220 S

¼Huîa ks ka vlatnjk bka skhuebnrml bk kstls trnesclrgnblrks hunebl sk kehuketrne lpkrnebl n su hnpnhmbnb elgmena< Pnrn ka trnesclrgnblr > sk tmkek uen hnçbn bk vlatnjk bk: (220SHN)(?%) (220SHN)(0.0?)   4.4SHN >00% > Pnrn lotkekr ka vlatnjk rkna ke ka skhuebnrml sk rkstn vlatnjk lotkembl na vlatnjk elgmena. 220SHN  4  .4SHN  28>.?SHN Pnrn ka trnesclrgnblr ? sk tmkek uen hnçbn bk vlatnjk bk: (220SHN)(0.?%) (220SHN)(0.00?)   0.44SHN >00% > Bk miuna clrgn, sk rkstn vlatnjk lotkembl na vlatnjk elgmena. 220SHN  0 .44SHN  28=.>?SHN

Ke onsk na kjkgpal, sk hlehauyk quk ka trnesclrgnblr quk tmkek gnylr mgpkbnehmn tmkek uen gnylr hnçbn bk vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml hunebl kstî kstî n an hnrin elgmena. elgmena. Bkombl n kstl, kstl, als trnesclrgnblrks hle uen onjn mgpkbnehmn gukstrne uen gkjlr rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk. vlatnjk . Kstl smiemcmhn uen gkelr vnrmnhmøe ke su vlatnjk bk snambn hunebl hngomne bk uen hlebmhmøe sme hnrin n uen n paken hnrin.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

Hnsl prîhtmhl: Kspkhmcmhnhmleks ke ;.8 Panhn An panhn bk bntls bk ue trnesclrgnblr gukstrn sus kspkhmcmhnhmleks gîs mgplrtnetks

>

Rrnesclrgnblr bk Pltkehmn

R[

8 2 ;

>3 fSN ?; Nugket Nugketll bk Rkgp. >>;°H Mebkpk Mebkpkebkehmn ebkehmn ?. ?.?% ?% Slatnjk Prmgnrml 300 Slatnjk Xkhuebnrml >?0/?20 Dkrtzz 30 Dkrt Cnsk smgpak Rmpl Xkhl

3 4 9 = >0 >> >? ?

Glbkal El. TIR Xkrmk El. >0> - >?88 YR.AOX.2;0 T2 P_MGN_ML Slats Xlork Açekns D> & D? 300

D>

D? T8 T?

>2 T>

XKH[EBN_ML Xlork Açekns T> & T2 Slats Hlekhtnr >?0 T>-T8, T?-T2 ?20 T? ‘ T8 T8

Rrnesclrgnblrks [eamgmtkb, Hdmhnil, MA Gnbk me TTT

>;

>8 >9

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Panhn tçpmhn bk ue trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmn

#

_kckrkehmn

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Elgork bka cnormhnetk y tmpl bk trnesclrgnblr (ke kstk hnsl bk pltkehmn).

?

Auinr blebk sk cnormhø ka trnesclrgnblr y sk alhnamzn an hlgpnþçn.

8

2

Kspkhmcmhn an pltkehmn bka trnesclrgnblr ke fSN. An hnetmbnb bk hlrrmketk ke ka skhuebnrml sk hnahuan bmvmbmkebl als vlat-ngpkrks plr ka vlatnjk bka skhuebnrml Ms7FSN/Ss. Mehrkgketl bk tkgpkrnturn tkgpkrnturn pkrgmtmbl ke als bkvnenbls. bkvnenbls. Kstk vnalr usunagketk sk onsn pnrn uen tkgpkrnturn ngomketk bk 20 irnbls hketçirnbls (>02 °C). An sugn bk an tkgpkrnturn ngomketk y ka mehrkgketl bk tkgpkrnturn bn hlgl rksuatnbl an tkgpkrnturn gîxmgn bk lpkrnhmøe. Ke kstk hnsl, uen tkgpkrnturn ngomketk bk 20 °H y ue mehrk mehrkgketl gketl bbkk >>; °H (?8= °C), bbnebl nebl hl hlgl gl rksua rksuatnbl tnbl ue vn vnalr alr bk tkgpkrnturn gîxmgn bk >;; °H (8>> °C). Ka vnalr bk an tk tkgpkrnturn gpkrnturn gîxmgn bk lpkrnhmøe bk ue trnesclrgnblr bkpkebk bka tmpl bk nmsangmketl hle quk huketke als bkvnenbls, yn quk hnbn tmpl bk nmsangmketl slplrtn uen gîxmgn tkgpkrnturn sme sucrmr bktkrmlrl.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

#

_kckrkehmn

;

Ks ka vlatnjk elgmena pnrn an olomen o lomen bka prmgnrml.

3

Ks ka vlatnjk elgmena pnrn an olomen bka skhuebnrml.

9

Ks ka eúgkrl bk cnsks bka trnesclrgnblr. Kstk vnalr ks uel sm ka trnesclrgnblr ks glelcîsmhl l trks sm ka trnesclrgnblr ks trmcîsmhl.

4

Ks an crkhukehmn n an quk lpkrn ka trnesclrgnblr.

= >0

Eúgkrl bk glbkal, eúgkrl bk skrmk y pksl bka trnesclrgnblr. Ka glbkal elrgnagketk kstî bnbl ke clrgn bk høbmil y bkpkebk bka cnormhnetk. cnormhnetk.

>> >? >8 >2 >; >3 >9

Bne meclrgnhmøe nhkrhn bk ans plsmoaks hlekxmleks bk als bkvnenbls bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. (Skr kjkgpal Plsmoaks hlekxmleks bk als bkvnenbls bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Bmnirngn ksqukgîtmhl bka trnesclrgnblr quk smrvk hlgl rkckrkehmn pnrn ka tíhemhl bk mestnanhmøe. Bkcmek ka tmpl bk trnesclrgnblr. Ke kstk hnsl ks bka tmpl skhl, tngomíe pukbk p ukbk skr ke nhkmtk (sk kspkhmcmhn ka tmpl bk nhkmtk y an hnetmbnb bk nhkmtk quk ekhksmtn e khksmtn ka trnesclrgnblr). Ks an mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk bka trnesclrgnblr. Kstk vnalr sk kxprksn ke plrhketnjk. Xk rkcmkrk n uen elrgn quk bkpkebk bk hnbn pnçs.

Ltrn meclrgnhmøe quk sukak npnrkhkr ke an panhn bka trnesclrgnblr ks al rkanhmlenbl hle sus RNPs l bkrmvnhmleks. Ke ue trnesclrgnblr hle ue vnalr cmjl bk kspmrns ke prmgnrml y skhuebnrml, sk tkebrî ue vnalr cmjl tngomíe pnrn an rkanhmøe bk vlatnjks.

Xm ka vlatnjk quk namgketn na trnesclrgnblr ks gîs natl l gîs onjl quk ka kspkhmcmhnbl, ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml skhuebnrml tn tngomíe gomíe skr skrîî gnylr l gkelr y el sk plbrî dnhkr eenbn nbn pnrn hngomnral.

Pnrn plbkr hlrrkimr kstk prloakgn sk utmamzne utmamz ne als RNPs l bkrmvnh bkrmvnhmleks mleks,, als hunaks sle tkrgmenaks quk sk snhne bk puetls metkrgkbmls bk als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

An cuehmøe bka RNP ks pkrgmtmr skakhhmlenr (nirkinebl l qumtnebl) ans vukatns bk an olomen bka prmgnrml.. Hle kstl sk alirn natkrnr an rkanhmøe bk kspmrns l trnesclrgnhmøe prmgnrml trnesclr gnhmøe y sk pukbk hlgpkesnr (ke ue amgmtnbl rneil) an vnrmnhmøe quk sk tmkek ke ka vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr.

% Natl vlatnjk

Mebmhnblr bka RNP Plsmhmøe

Hlekhtnr

>00.0

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2n;

=9.;

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8n;

=;.0

8

8n3

=?.;

2

?n3

=0.0

;

?n9

Mebmhnhmøe bk als RNPs

Ke an panhn bka trnesclrgnblr sk tmkek uen rkanhmøe ketrk an plsmhmøe bka RNP y hnbn hnsl bk vlatnjk ke an cuketk bk namgketnhmøe. Ke ltrls hnsls sk pukbk mebmhnr ka plrhketnjk bk hngoml na vlatnjk bka prmgnrml pnrn hnbn RNP.

Ke hnsl quk an mebmhnhmøe skn ue plrhketnjk, pnrn skakhhmlenr ka RNP nbkhunbl sk usn an khunhmøe:   Sc  %    (>00)  Sp  blebk: Sc : Slatnjk bk an cuketk (n npamhnr ke ka prmgnrml) ke vlats. Sp: Slatnjk elgmena l bk panhn bk an olomen bka prmgnrml. %: Plrhketnjk bk vnrmnhmøe rkspkhtl na vlatnjk bka prmgnrml.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

KJKGPAL Mebmhnblr bka RNP

Xkn ue trnesclrgnblr huyls bntls bk panhn sle: Pltkehmn: fSN 300 S Slatnjk bka?; prmgnrml: Slatnjk bka skhuebnrml: >?0 S Mgpkbnehmn bka ?%

% Natl vlatnjk Plsmhmøe

Hlekhtnr

>00.0

>

2n;

=9.;

?

8n;

=;.0

8

8n3

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2

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Mebmhnhmøe bk als RNPs

Ka trnesclrgnblr ks namgketnbl plr ue sugmemstrl huyl vlatnjk ks: Sc7;90 SHN Bnbl quk ka plrhketnjk bk vnrmnhmøe bka vlatnjk bk an cuketk rkspkhtl na prmgnrml sk bktkrgmen gkbmnetk an khunhmøe:   Sc  %    (>00) Ka mmebmhnbl ebmhnblrr bk RNPs sk bkokrî bkokrî hlalh hlalhnr nr  Sp  ;90  Xk tmkek quk: %       (>00)  =;%  300 

ke an plsmhmøe 8 l omke, hlekhtnr ka tkrgmen tkr gmenaa 8 hle hle ka ka tkrgm tkrgmena ena 3.

¡NRKEHMØE! Pnrn dnhkr ka njustk bka RNP l bkrmvnhmøe ke uekstl trnesclrgnblr sk bkok tkekr ka trnesclrgnblr bkskekrimznbl, ks, bkok kstnr bkshlekhtnbl bk an cuketk bk namgketnhmøe.

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

KJKGPAL Plsmoaks hlekxmleks bk als bkvnenbls bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml.

Prmgnrml

Xkhuebnrml

Slats

Xlork açekns

300

D> & D?

Xlork açekns T> & T? Slats >?0

Hlekhtnr T>-T8, T?-T2

?20

T?-T8

Ke ka hnsl bka kjkgpal: • Ans tkrgmenaks D> y D? sle pnrn ka bkvnenbl bka prmgnrml y su namgketnhmøe ks bk 300 S. • Ans tkrgmenaks bka skhuebnrml quk vne n an hnrin sle T> y T2, ka bkvnenbl bka skhuebnrml pukbk lpkrnr ke bls vlatnjks bk >?0 S y/l ?20 ? 20 S.

Xm sk rkqumkrke úemhngketk >?0 S sk ueke u eke ans tkrgmenaks T> hle T8 y T? T ? hle T2.

Hlekxmøe bk skhuebnrmls pnrn >?0 SHN

Xm sk ekhksmtne úemhngketk ?20 S sk ueke u eke ans tkrgmenaks T? y T8 y ans tkrgmenaks T> y T2 sk hlekhtne n an hnrin.

Hlekxmøe bk skhuebnrmls pnrn ?20 SHN

Xm sk rkqumkrk tkekr ngols vlatnjks sk uek T? hle T8, T8, nsç tkekgl tkekglss ?20 S ketr ketrkk T> y T2, >?0S ketrk T> y an uemøe ketrk T?, T8 l T2 y an uemøe T? y T8.

Hlekxmøe bk skhuebnrmls pnrn >?0 y ?20 SHN

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;. Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks

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NHRMSMBNB 9 Pnrn cmenamznr ka prksketk hnpçtual, ak prlplekgls uen úatmgn nhtmvmbnb hle ka cme bk npamhnr al nprkebmbl.

_ksukavn ka smiumketk kjkrhmhml:

Bnbl ue trnesclrgnblr huyn olomen prmgnrmn tmkek >?0 vukatns y an skhuebnrmn >>0 vukatns, sk ak hlekhtn uen cuketk bk tkesmøe natkren bk ?2S n an olomen prmgnrmn prmg nrmn y uen rksmstkehmn bk >00 ℣ ke ka hmrhumtl skhuebnrml.

>

Hlesmbkrnebl quk an mgpkbnehmn ks hkrl, hnahuanr: n) Slatnjk ke an olomen skhuebnrmn. o) Hlrrmketk Ms. h) Hlrrmketk Mp. b) Pltkehmn ke ka hmrhumtl prmgnrmn y skhuebnrmn.

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Slavkr n rknamznr ksls hîahuals hlesmbkrnebl quk an mgpkbnehmn ks ?.;%. ¼^uí pukbk snhnr hlgl hlehausmøe hlgpnrnebl als vnalrks<

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual ;. N hletmeunhmøe hletmeunhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks .

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL 3

Ke kstk hnpçtual sk bktnaanrîe als smstkgns glelcîsmhls y trmcîs trm cîsmhls mhls nsç nsç hlgl ans hlekxmleks y an planrmbnb.

3.> Xmstkgns Glelcîsmhls y Rrmcîsmhls

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3.? Hlekxmleks

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3.8 Planrmbnb

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

3.> Xmstkgns Glelcîsmhls y Rrmcîsmhls Kxmstke naiuens hnrins quk, plr sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns, rkqumkrke bk ue smstkgn bk namgketnhmøe glelcîsmhl, ístk ks ka hnsl bk naiuels bk als smstkgns bk namgketnhmøe bk usl blgístmhl.

_kprksketnhmøe bk ue smstkgn kaíhtrmhl blgístmhl

Ke naiuels smstkgns blgístmhls, sk tmkeke trks hnoaks hlebuhtlrks, bls açekns (A> y A?) y ue ekutrl (E).

Kxmstke ltrls hnsls ke blebk ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk ans hnrins rkqumkrke bk ue smstkgn bk namgketnhmøe trmcîsmhl. Kstls tmpls bk smstkgns kgpakne trks hnoaks hlebuhtlrks quk aakvne kekriçn dnhmn an hnrin y quk, nbkgîs, el huketne hle hnoak bk rktlrel.

Plr al ikekrna, ans cnsks sk bkelgmene hlgl N, O, O, H ø >, ?, 8 l bk nhu nhukrbl krbl n su uomhnhmøe. Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn gu kstrn ue bmnirngn ke ka quk sk rkprksketn n als olomenbls y n ue tmpl bk bmstrmouhmøe bk cnsks.

Bmnirngn bk ue trnesclrgnblr trmcîsmhl

_KH[K_BK An kxprksmøe cnsk kaíhtrmhn sk rkcmkrk n ue slal hlebuhtlr ke ue hmrhumtl gúatmpak bk hlebuhtlrks.

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

3.? Hlekxmleks Pnrn tkekr uekebktkrgmenbl vlatnjk l rneil bk hlrrmketk sk bkok hlelhkr ka tmpl bkkshlekxmøe quk rknamznr ans olomens bka trnesclrgnblr. Al prmgkrl qu k dny quk quk hlelhkr huîaks slequk ansdny açekns bka trnesclrgnblr bka anbl prmgnrml y huîaks sle ans bka skhuebnrml, pnrn tna hnsl, ka cnormhnetk T. kspkhmcmhn ans olomens bka anbl prmgnrml hle an aktrn D y ans bka anbl skhuebnrml hle an aktrn T. Hlekxmøe

[sl Kstn hlekxmøe sk utmamzn ke trnesclrgnblrks trmcîsmhls. Kstn hlekxmøe ks kgpaknbn pnrn Bkatn Bka tn ‘ Bka Bkatn tn namgketnral hle tkesmleks onjns y nsç lotke lotkekr kr tkesmleks tkesmleks natns    plbkr nsç bk bmstrmouhmøe. Rmkek ue slal rneil bk vlatnjk yn quk el tmkek dmal bk bkrmvnhmøe. Xk npamhn hle irne crkhukehmn ke an mebustrmn bkombl n quk an kstrkaan ke ka skhuebnrml prksketn bls rneils bk vlatnjks y hle kstl sk Bkatn ‘ pukbk namgketnr n bmckrketks Kstrkaan gnqumenrmns. Ks guy utmamznbl ] hlgl trnesclrgnblr bk bmstrmouhmøe rkbuhtlr y ke ans suokstnhmleks kakvnblrns bk vlatnjk. Ks kgpaknbn pnrn tkesmleks guy kakvnbns yn quk rkbuhk an hnetmbnb Kstrkaan Kstrkaan‘

]]

Kstrkaan ‘ Bkatn

]  

bk nmsangmketl. Plskk ue dmal bk bkrmvnhmøe pnrn tkekr bls rneils bk vlatnjks. [en bk ans bksvketnjns quk tmkek ks quk sk prksketne nrgøemhns hle cnhmambnb. Xk utmamzn hlgl rkhkptlrn ke als smstkgns quk hletmkeke suokstnhmleks y huyl lojktmvl ks rkbuhmr ka vlatnjk.

Bmnirngn

Hlekxmøe xmøe Bkatn Bkatn - Bkatn Hlek

Hlekxmøe Bkatn-Kstrkaan

Hlekxmøe Kstrkaan-Kstrkaan

Hlekxmøe Kstrkaan-Bkatn

¡NRKEHMØE! Ks plsmoak hlekhtnr trks trnesclrgnblrks glelcîsmhls hle ka lojktmvl bk clrgnr ue onehl bk trnesclrgnblr trmcîsmhl bk hunaqumkrn bk als huntrl tmpls.

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

Hlekxmøe Hlekx møe Bkatn nomkrtn nomkrtn ‘ Bkat Bkatnn nomkrtn

An hlekxmøe Bkatn-Bkatn Bkatn-Bkatn prksketn an vketnjn vketnjn bk plbkr kamgmenr ue trnesclrgnblr pnrn rkpnrnhmøe l gnetkemgmketl,, gmketrns quk als ltrls bls rkstnetks hletmeúne cuehmlenebl hlgl ue onehl trmcîsmhl gnetkemgmketl hle uen hnpnhmbnb rkbuhmbn n ;4% hle rkspkhtl na onehl lrmimena. N kstn hlekxmøe sk ak bkelgmen hlekxmøe Bkatn nomkrtn-Bkatn nomkrtn l hlekxmøe ke S.

KJKGPAL

An hlekxmøe sk lrmimen hle als 8 trnesclrgnblrks glelcîsmhls cuehmlenebl.

Hlekxmøe Bkatn ‘ Bkatn Hlekxmøe Bkatn

[el bk als trnesclrgnblrks snak bk açekn.

Hlekxmøe Bkatn nomkrtn nomkrtn ‘ Bkatn nomkrtn nomkrtn

PN_N PKEXN_… NEKTL Dny hlehkptls ikekrnaks quk sk gnekjne ke tlbls als trnesclrgnblrks, ke kstk npnrtnbl npnrtnbl kehlet kehletrnrî rnrî naiue naiuens ns bk ans bkcmemhmleks oîsmhns pnrn hlgprkebkr ka cuehmlengmketl bk als gmsgls.

Pnrn khlelgmznr ke kqumpngmketl, ¼plbrçngls pkesnr ke mestnanr trnesclrgnblrks trmcîsmhls Bkatn nnomkrtn omkrtn ‘ Bkatn nomkr nomkrtn< tn< Pnrn hletkstnr kstn prkiuetn quk uen bmsgmeuhmøe bka 88%tkein ke ke huketn kqumpngmketl els ikekrn uen rkbuhhmøe bka 2?% ke pltkehmn.

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

3.8 Planrmbnb Pnrn nskiurnrsk quk ans hlekxmleks bk ans tkrgmenaks bk ue trnesclrgnblr sle hlrrkhtns, sk dn bksnrrlaanbl ue gítlbl kstîebnr pnrn gnrhnr ans tkrgmenaks. Ks bkhmr, sk usn pnrn bksmienr an bmrkhhmøe quk tmkek an hlrrmketk ke ue mestnetk bnbl ke ue kgolomenbl rkspkhtl n an bmrkhhmøe quk tmkek an hlrrmketk ke ka ltrl kgolomenbl ke ksk gmsgl mestnetk. Kstn kxprksmøe ks vîambn slal rkcmrmíeblsk n hlrrmketks mestnetîekns. Hunebl ans hlrrmketks hmrhuane ke sketmbl hletrnrml ke ngols kgolomenbls, su nhhmøe kakhtrlgnieítmhn sk hletrnrrkstn, sk trntn bk ue… R_NEXCL_GNBL_ BK PLAN_MBNB X[XR_NHRMSN

Hunebl ka kckhtl kakhtrlgnieítmhl bk ans hlrrmketks sk sugne sk trntn bk ue…

R_NEXCL_GNBL_ BK PLAN_MBNB NBMRMSN

Kstk hlehkptl bk planrmbnb sk npamhn slangketk slangketk n trnesclrgnblrks glelcîsmhls l omke na prmgnrml y skhuebnrml bk hnbn cnsk, ke ue trnesclrgnblr trmcîsmhl. Ans tkrgmenaks bka bkvnenbl bk natl vlatnjk vlatnjk sk gnrhne hle D>, D?, kth. An tkrgmena gnrhnbn hle D> smkgprk bkok kstnr alhnamznbn ke ka anbl mzqumkrbl vmkebl na trnesclrgnblr n trnvís bka huna sk dne snhnbl ans tkrgmenaks bk onjl vlatnjk. Ans tkrgmenaks bk onjl vlatnjk kstîe gnrhnbns hle T>, T? y nsç suhksmvngketk. ¼Høgl bktkrgmenr an planrmbnb<

> Hlekhtnr ue kxtrkgl bka bkvnenbl bk natl vlatnjk hle ue kxtrkgl bka bkvnenbl bk onjl vlatnjk.

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8

Hlekhtnr ue vlatçgktrl ketrk ngols kxtrkgls nomkrtls. Ka vlatçgktrl tmkek quk plbkr gkbmr dnstn an sugn bk an tkesmøe bka prmgnrml gîs an bka skhuebnrml. Npamhnr ue vlatnjk el gnylr quk ka vlatnjk pkrgmtmbl bkavlatnjk bkvnenbl, yn skn ka bkvnenbl bk natl l ka bk onjl vlatnjk hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn.

Hlekxmleks pnrn an prukon bk planrmbnb

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

¡NRKEHMØE! Pnrn kvmtnr hlebmhmleks bk trnonjl pkamirlsns l plr cnatn bk bmsplemomambnb, sk utmamzne vlatnjks gkelrks n als elgmenaks bka trnesclrgnblr. Ke an cmiurn bka kjkgpal, ke vkz bk utmamznr ?800S utmamzngls ?20S. Ke kstk hnsl an tkesmøe bka skhuebnrml skhueb nrml skrî 30S y ka vlat vlatçgktrl çgktrl bkokr bkokrîî plbkr gkbmr dnstn ?20S+30S7800S.

Bktkrgmenhmøe bk an planrmbnb bk ue trnesclrgnblr utmamznebl ue vlatçgktrl

Xm ka vlatçgktrl mebmhn an sugn bk ngols vlatnjks, ka trnesclrgnblr ks nbmtmvl (quk nþnbk y bkok kstnr gnrhnbl D> ke lkanirkin) anbl mzqumkrbl y T> ke ka anblhle bkrkhdl. Rrnesclrgnblr bk bmstrmouhmøe bk planrmbnb nbmtmvn

Xm ka vlatçgktrl mebmhn an bmckrkehmn ketrk ngols vlatnjks, ka trnesclrgnblr ks suostrnhtmvl (rkstn l bmsgmeuyk). Plr al tnetl, ans tkrgmenaks bkoke skr gnrhnbns hle D> ke ka anbl mzqumkrbl y T> ke ka anbl mzqumkrbl.

?800 S

Rrnesclrgnblr bk bmstrmouhmøe bk planrmbnb suostrnhtmvn

¡NRKEHMØE! An planrmbnb bka trnesclrgnblr pukbk hngomnrsk metkrhngomnebl ans tkrgmenaks bk onjl vlatnjk.

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

NHRMSMBNB 4 Pnrn cmenamznr ka prksketk hnpçtual, ak prlplekgls ans smiumketks nhtmvmbnbks hle ka cme bk npamhnr al nprkebmbl.

[en hle cakhdns als bmstmetls tmpls bk hlekxmøe:

 ] ]  

]  ]

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3. Hnrnhtkrçstmhns Prmehmpnaks

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NHRMSMBNB =

_ksplebn n ans smiumketks prkiuetns:

>

Xm ke uen hlekxmøe Kstrkaan Kstrkaan - Kstrkaan hlgpukstn plr ue on onehl ehl bk trnesclrgn trnesclrgnblrks blrks glelcîsmhls, uel bk als trnesclrgnblrks snak bk açekn: n. ¼^uí pnsn hle an tkesmøe ke hnbn uen bk ans cnsks bk an snambn bk onjn tkesmøe<

o. ¼] sm an hlekxmøe ks Bkatn-Bkatn<

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Ke ka trnesclrgnblr bk an cmiurn sk npamhn uen cuketk bk ??0S: n. ¼^uí gkbmrî ka vlatçg vlatçgktrl ktrl sm kkaa trnesc trnesclrgnb lrgnblr lr ks nbm nbmtmvl< tmvl<

o. ¼] sm ks suostrnhtmvl<

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual 3. N hletmeunhmøe hletmeunhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks .

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL 9

Ke kstk hnpçtual kxpamhnrkgls høgl sk hansmcmhne als bmstmetls tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks bk nhukrbl n vnrmls hrmtkrmls, bk ístls sk bkrmvne als tmpls quk sk bktnaanrîe

9.> Hansmcmhnhmøe bk als Rrnesclrgnblrks

39

9.? Rrnesclrgnblrks hle Bkrmvnhmleks l RNPs

3=

9.8 Nutltrnesclrgnb Nutltrnesclrgnblrks lrks

9?

9.2 Rrnesclrgnblrks pnrn Mestrugketls

92

9.; Rrnesclrgnblrks Ouhf-Ollst

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9.3 Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Hletrla

4>

9.9 Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Bmstrmouhmøe

4?

9.4 Rrnesclrgnblrks skiúe su Eúhakl

48

 

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.> Hansmcmhnhmøe bk als Rrnesclrgnblrks Ka elgork l hansmcmhnhmøe quk rkhmok hnbn trnesclrgnblr bkpkebk bk sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns. Pnrn kaal sk tkebrî ke huketn sm ka trnesclrgnblr ks rkbuhtlr l kakvnblr, sm tmk tmkek ek hlekxmøe glelcîsmhn l trmcîsmhn, sm ks skhl l dúgkbl. Nbkgîs, dny ltrls hlgpleketks hle als quk pukbk hletnr ka trnesclrgnblr hlgl olqumaans, smstkgns bk rkcrmikrnhmøe l kgolomenbls, ketrk ltrls. Als trnesclrgnblrks prmehmpnaks l oîsmhls sle: • Rrnesclrgnblrks hle bkrmvnhmleks l RNPs

• Rrnesclrgnblrks Ouhf-Ollst

• Nutltrnesclrgnblrks

• Rrnesclrgnblrks bk hletrla

• Rrnesclrgnblrks pnrn mestrugketls

• Rrnesclrgnblrks bk bmstrmouhmøe

Als trnesclrgnblrks tngomíe sk pukbke hansmcmhnr bk nhukrbl n sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns: Plr an hlestruhhmøe bk su eúhakl

• Bm Bmsgm sgmeu euyk yk hlrr hlrrmk mket etkk • Nhlrnznbl • Bms mstr trmo moum umbl bl

Plr su planrmbnb

• Xus usttrnht rnhtmv mvnn • Nubmtmvn

Plr su utmamznhmøe

• Bk hhlr lrrrmk mket etkk • Bk pplt ltkkeh ehmn mnaa • Bk hletrla • Ouhf - Ollst

Plr su pltkehmn

• Cu Cukr krzn zn 5 ; ;00 00 fS fSN N • Bm Bmst strm rmouh ouhmø møee 1 ; ;00 00 fS fSN N

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Plr ka Xmstkgn bk Namgketnhmøe

• Glelcîsmh mhll • Omcîsmhl • Rrmcîsmhl • Dkxncîsmhl • Blbk bkhn hncî cîsm smhl hl

Nmsangmketl Nmsangm ketl - _kcr _kcrmikrn mikrnhmøe hmøe

• Xkhl Xkhl (nmr (nmrkk l ins) ins) • Nhkm Nhkmtk tk gm gmek ekrn rnaa • Keh ehnp npsu suan anbl blss

Alhnamznhmøe

• Ke plstks • Xuo Xuotkr tkrrîe rîekl kl (su (sugkr gkrimo imoak) ak) • Kxt Kxtkrm krmlr lr (n prukon prukon bk niu niun) n)

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

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Rrnesclrgnblrks hle 9.? Bkrmvnhmleks l RNPs Hle crkhukehmn sk kxtrnke hlekxmleks ke pnrtks metkrgkbmns bk als bkvnenbls prmgnrml y/l skhuebnrml bka trnesclrgnblr, kstns hlekxmleks snake bka bkvnenbl y sk hlekhtne n uen tnoamaan l olrek bk hlekxmleks. Ans bkrmvnhmleks, tngomíe aangnbns RNPs, sk pukbke l el hlekhtnr. Ans lphmleks bk hlekxmøe quk lcrkhk ka RNP pkrgmtke glbmcmhnr ka eúgkrl bk kspmrns n utmamznr. Kstl, hlgl dkgls vmstl netks ke kstk hursl, glbmcmhn an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr y nsç su vlatnjk bk snambn. Na glbmcmhnr an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe sk pukbk kakvnr l onjnr ka vlatnjk bk snambn skiúe skn ka vlatnjk ke ka prmgnrml, gnetkemkebl ka vlatnjk bk snambn ke ka vnalr bksknbl. Ke an gnylrçn bk als hnsls als hngomls bk bkrmvnhmøe (RNP) sle plhl crkhuketks y sk rknamzne gneunagketk.

An cmiurn gukstrn ue bmnirngn ksqukgîtmhl bk ue trnesclrgnblr hle bkrmvnhmleks (RNPs) ke su prmgnrml.

Ke als trnesclrgnblrks bk nhkmtk nhkmtk bk onjns tkesmleks, als RNPs l onrrns bk hlekxmleks sk kehuketrne bketrl bka tnequk. Pnrn rknamznr ka hngoml sk rkqumkrk qumtnr an huomkrtn y dnhkr als hngomls ke ans onrrns bk hlekxmleks sugkrimbns ke ka nhkmtk. Kstl prksketn hmkrtls mehlevkemketks, tnaks hlgl quk ans hlekxmleks pukbke skr dkhdns ke clrgn mehlrrkhtn, ka nhkmtk sk pukbk hletngmenr y burnetk an hlekxmøe sk pukbke hnkr bketrl bka tnequk pmkzns hlgl tlremaals, tukrhns, kth. N pksnr bk tnaks bksvketnjns, ka trnesclrgnblr hle kstk tmpl bk bkrmvnhmleks (RNPs) rksuatn gîs khleøgmhl, plr al huna sk utmamzn crkhuketkgketk.

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Pnrn hngomnr bk bkrmvnhmøe, dny quk prlhkbkr nsç: >. Bkshlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr bk ans açekns bk namgketnhmøe, ?. Dnhkr ka hngoml bk bkrmvnhmleks, b krmvnhmleks, 8. Kekrimznr ka trnesclrgnblr eukvngketk. Ka metkrruptlr mestnanbl ke ans açekns bk namgketnhmøe na prmgnrml cnhmamtn y prlplrhmlen skiurmbnb n kstn lpkrnhmøe. [e gítlbl gîs prîhtmhl y skiurl pnrn hngomnr ans hlekxmleks hlekxmleks bk als als RNPs ks utmamznebl utmamznebl ue skakhtlr hngomnblr bk bkrmvnhmleks (RNPs).

Xm sk usn ue skakhtlr hngomnblr bk bkrmvnhmleks, ka gkhnemsgl pkrgmtk lpkrnr ka skakhtlr sme ekhksmbnb bk normr ka tnequk. Xme kgonril, smiuk smkebl rkqumsmtl bkskekrimznr bkskekrimznr ka trnesclrgnblr netks bk hngomnr bk bkrmvnhmleks.

Hlekxmleks bka skakhtlr hngomnblr bk bkrmvnhmleks bk ue trnesclrgnblr

Cçsmhngketk ka skakhtlr sk gletn slork ue oalquk bk

Xk lpkrn bksbk an pnrtk bk ncukrn bka tnequk gkbmnetk

Ke an pnrtk kxtkrmlr bka skakhtlr y hlekhtnbl na kjk, sk mestnan uen pkrmaan y uen

tkrgmenaks, ikekrnagketk alhnamznbl ke an pnrtk supkrmlr bka eúhakl bka trnesclrgnblr.

uen pnanehn l kjk, ka huna an nhhmlen na skakhtlr bksbk huomkrtn l tnpn bka tnequk bka trnesclrgnblr.

panhn mebmhnblrn mbketmcmhnr, plr anpnrn plsmhmøe bk an pkrmaan, quí bkrmvnhmøe

kstî smkebl utmamz utmamznbn. nbn. RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

PLXMHMØE

KCKHRL Xk tmkeke tlbns ans vukatns bka bkvnenbl bka prmgnrml (natl vlatnjk)

>

hlekhtnbns n an ks namgketnhmøe. kstn plsmhmøe an rkanhmøe bk gîs onjl trnesclrgnhmøe gçemgn y ka Ke trnesclrgnblr ketrkin ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml.

?

Ke kstn plsmhmøe sk kamgmen an skhhmøe ; bka bkvnenbl bka prmgnrml y ka vlatnjk bka skhuebnrml sk mehrkgketn.

8, 2, ;

Kstns plsmhmleks kamgmene gîs vukatns bka b ka bkvnenbl bka prmgnrml mehrkgketnebl nsç ka vlatnjk ke ka skhuebnrml. Kstk mehrkgketl sk kstnoakhk ke onsk n ans rkanhmleks bk kspmrns (K P /KX 7 EP /EX ) tngomíe hlelhmbn hlgl rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe.

Naiuels prlhksls rkqumkrke kstnr dnhmkebl njustks ke ka vlatnjk sme pnrnr. Ke kstls hnsls ka hngoml bk bkrmvnhmøe sk aakvn n hnol gmketrns ka trnesclrgnblr sk kehuketrn lpkrnebl hle hnrin: sk rkqumkrk ue gkhnemsgl hlelhmbl hlgl hngomnblr bk bkrmvnhmleks hle hnrin.

Ka hngomnblr bk bkrmvnhmøe hle hnrin ks gîs rloustl quk ka bk sme hnrin bkombl n quk hlrtlhmrhumtn (glgketîekngketk y burnetk an trnesckrkehmn) na bkvnenbl kxmstketk ketrk ans bkrmvnhmleks mevlauhrnbns ke ka hngoml. Kstl sk dnhk pnrn kvmtnr uen npkrturn l bkshlekxmøe bka hmrhumtl burnetk an trnesckrkehmn.

RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.8 Nutltrnesclrgnblrks Ka nutltrnesclrgnblr bmcmkrk bka trnesclrgnblr trnesclrgnblr ke quk søal tmkek ue bkvnenbl. Ke kstk bkvnenbl, uen pnrtk smrvk tnetl pnrn ka prmgnrml hlgl pnrn ka skhuebnrml.

Nutltrnesclrgnblr

Nutltrnesc Nutlt rnesclrgnbl lrgnblrr hlekh hlekhtnbl tnbl n an hnrin

An cmiurn gukstrn ue nutltrnesclrgnblr hlekhtnbl n uen hnrin. Kstk nutltrnesc nutlt rnesclrgnbl lrgnblrr sk utmamzn pnrn rkbuhmr ka vlatnjk. Ans kspmrns ketrk D> y D? hlestmtuyke ka bkvnenbl prmgnrml y ans kspmrns ketrk T> y T? hlgpleke ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml.

Ka nutltrnesclrgn nutltrnesclrgnblr blr sk utmamz utmamznn pnrn kakvnr (kakvnblr) l rkbuhmr (rkbuhtlr) ka vlatnjk ke an hnrin hnrin.. Kstl bkpkebk bka eúgkrl bk vukatns l kspmrns quk tkein ka prmgnrml pr mgnrml y ka skhuebnrml. Xm ka nutltrnes nutltrnesclrgn clrgnblr blr sk utmamzn pnrn nugketnr ka vlatnjk,

Ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml tkebrî gîs vukatns quk ka prmgnrml, ketlehks…

prmgnrml rml skrî skrî pnrtk bka Ka prmgn bkvnenbl skhuebnrml.

Xm ka nutltrnes nutltrnesclrgn clrgnblr blr sk utmamzn pnrn rkbuhmr ka vlatnjk,

Ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml tkebrîî gkels vukat tkebr vukatns ns quk ans bka prmgnrml, ketlehks…

Ka skh skhuebnrm uebnrmll skrî skrî pnrtk bka bkvnenbl prmgnrml.

Ke ka nutltrnesclrgnblr, an rkanhmøe vlatnjk, hlgl keX ue ketrk ans kspmrns bka prmgnrml y ans bkabka skhuebnrml (E P /E ). trnesclrgnblr, ks miuna n an rkanhmøe Xm sk bksprkhmn an hlrrmketk bk kxhmtnhmøe, kxhmtnhmøe, ans kspmrns plr ngpkr bka prmgnrml y bka skhuebnrml ke ue nutltrnesclrgnblr sle miunaks. Nsç, an khunhmøe bk an rkanhmøe rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe l vuka vukatns tns (K /K 7 E

P

P /E X ) tngomíe sk npamhn n als nutltrnesclrgnblrks.

X

RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Sketnjns

• Lpkrne úemhngketk hle ue bkvnenbl, rkqumkrke, PL_ AL RNERL, gkels hlork y plr al tnetl sle gkels hlstlsls quk als trnesclrgnblrks. • Lpkrne hle gnylr kcmhmkehmn y sle gîs pkqukþls ke tngnþl cçsmhl quk als trnesclrgnblrks bk miuna hnpnhmbnb (fSN²s). • Nbmhmlenagketk prksketne gkelrks emvkaks bk rumbl pnrn ka hnsl bk gmsgn hnrin y crkhukehmn.

Bksvketnjns • El nçsan ka hmrhumtl prmgnrml bka skhuebnrml. Kstl dnhk quk dnyn uen hlekxmøe kaíhtrmhn ketrk prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Ke naiuens smtunhmleks bk cnaan ke ka prmgnrml l ke ka hmrhumtl quk namgketn na prmgnrml, su kckhtl pnsn bmrkhtngketk n als kqumpls quk namgketn na skhuebnrml. • Pltkehmna rmksil ke als hnsls ke quk sk dnhk ue hngoml irnebk bk vlatnjk ketrk prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Plr kjkgpal, sm ue nutltrnes nutl trnesclrgn clrgnblr blr sk utmamzn pnrn rkbuhmr ka vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe bk 240S n >?0S pnrn hlekxmøe bk kqumpls, an bmckrkehmn ketrk als bls vlatnjks ks 240S gkels >?0S bnebl plr rksuatnbl 830S.

_KH[K_BK Ke ue trnesclrgnblr el dny hlekxmøe kaíhtrmhn ketrk prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Als hmrhumtls kstîe nmsanbls. Ka nhlpangmketl y hngoml bk pltkehmn ke ue trnesclrgnblr ks gkbmnetk caujl gnieítmhl.

Npamhnhmøe

Als nutltrnesclrgnblrks sk utmamzne utmamzne crkhuketkgketk crkhuketkgketk pnrn: • • • • • •

_kbuhmr ka vlatnjk, burnetk ka pkrçlbl bk nrrnequk, ke gltlrks bk HN. Hlgpkesnr pkqukþns hnçbns bk vlatnjk ke açekns bk sugmemstrl kaíhtrmhl. Prlbuhmr pkqukþls hngomls bk an ngpamtub bka vlatnjk plr rkqukrmgmketl bk hnrin. Nbnptnr ka vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe bk kqumpls kspkhmnaks n vlatnjks bk sugmemstrl kstîebnr (plr kjkgpal: 220 n 840 SHN, ?80 n ?04 SHN, kth.). Kqumpls bk pltkehmn amgmtnbn hle rkqukrmgmketls bk snambn bk vlatnjk vnrmnoak (SN_MNH²s).

RT-RKP-0008  

>?> 92 / >?>

9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.2 Rrnesclrgnblrks pnrn Mestrugketls Hmkrtls mestrugketls bk gkbmhmøe y rkakvnblrks bk prltkhhmøe pnrn smstkgns bk HN, el pukbke hlekhtnrsk bmrkhtngketk n als hmrhumtls bk natl vlatnjk. Pnrn rknamznr kstn nbnptnhmøe sk utmamzne als trnesclrgnblrks pnrn mestrugketls. An prmehmpna cuehmøe bka trnesclrgnblr pnrn mestrugketl ks nmsanr na mestrugketl l rkakvnblr bka natl vlatnjk. Nbkgîs dnhk plsmoak kstnebnrmznr ans skþnaks pnrn an gnylrçn bk als mestrugketls kaíhtrmhls y ke kstn clrgn lpkrnr ke vnalrks onjls bk vlatnjk y hlrrmketk, hlgl >?0S y ;N. Als trnesclrgnblrks pnrn mestrugketls sk bmvmbke ke: • Rrnesclrgnblr bk Pltkehmna (RP). • Rrnesclrgnblr bk Hlrrmketk (RH).

Rrnesclrgnblr bk Pltkehmna (RP) Rrnesclrgnblr bk Hlrrmketk (RH) Als trnesclrgnblrks bk vlatnjk, tngomíe aangnbls trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna (RP) kstîe bmskþnbls pnrn dnhkr irnebks hngomls bk tkesmøe, tnetl bk natn hlgl bk onjn. Plr al tnetl, kstk tmpl bk trnesclrgnblrks gnekjn ue pltkehmna bk vlatnjk guy natl quk tngomíe ks bkelgmenbl natn tkesmøe y sus vlatnjks pukbke vnrmnr bk nhukrbl n ans ekhksmbnbks. Xle smgmanrks n als trnesclrgnblrks kstîebnrks bk bls bkvnenbls, søal quk bk gkelr hnpnhmbnb. Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Pltkehmna Bkvnenbl Prmgnrml l bk Natl Slatnjk

Ka bkvnenbl bk natl vlatnjk (bkvnenbl prmgnrml) sk hlekhtn n trnvís bk su bmsplsmtmvl bk prltkhhmøe pnrn kvmtnr hlrtls.

Bkvnenbl Xkhuebnrml l bk Onjl Slatnjk

Ka bkvnenbl bk onjl vlatnjk (bkvnenbl skhuebnrml), ikekr ikekrnagket nagketk kstî bmskþnbl bmskþn pnrn. sugmemstrnr sugmems trnr >?0 >k?0 vlats n sublsnambn. snambn Xk hlekhtn na rkakvnblr bk prltkhhmøe l mestrugketl bk

gkbmhmøe. RT-RKP-0008  

9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

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Na hlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna, ks mgplrtnetk plekr n tmkrrn su hnrhnsn pnrn prlpøsmtls bk skiurmbnb. Als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna, bkombl n su usl, tmkeke uen rnzøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe l vlatnjk guy prkhmsn. Ka plrhketnjk bk krrlr ke ue trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna, bkpkebkrî bk an npamhnhmøe. Ke an gnylrçn, ka plrhketnjk bk krrlr ks gkelr na 0.;% (ke Rkremug Gíxmhl ka plrhketnjk bk krrlr quk sk gnekjn ks bka 0.? %). [e plrhketnjk gnylr bk krrlr plbrçn prlbuhmr uen vnrmnhmøe menhkptnoak ke an gkbmhmøe bk vlatnjk u lhnsmlenr ue gna cuehmlengmketl ke als rkakvnblrks bk prltkhhmøe.

KJKGPAL Hlgl kjkgpal, sk utmamznrî ue trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna quk sk utmamzn pnrn rkbuhmr ka vlatnjk bk uen açekn açekn bk nat natnn tkesm tkesmøe øe bk ?,20 ?,200 0 vlats n >?0 vlat vlatss (rkan (rkanhmøe hmøe ?0 n >) >).. Xk hlekhtn ue vlatçgktrl na bkvnenbl bk skhuebnrml l bk onjl vlatnjk >?0 vlats. An akhturn quk sk akn ke ka vlatçgktrl sk guatmpamhn plr ?0 pnrn lotkekr ka vlatnjk ke natn tkesmøe. Xm kxmstmkrn ue krrlr bka 2% ke an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe l vlatnjk, ka vlatçgktrl mebmhnrçn >>;.? vlats, nsç ?0 x >>;.? 7 ?,802 vlats, (prlbuhmkebl ue rksuatnbl hle ue krrlr krrlr bk =3 vlats) hunebl ke rknambnb sk tmkek ?200 vlats. Ke kstk tmpl bk trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna sk tmkeke ? irnebks hansks: als glelcîsmhls y als trmcîsmhls. ]n bketrl bk hnbn hansmcmhnhmøe, dny vnrmns hnrnhtkrçstmhns pnrn hnbn trnesclrgnblr: tmpl bk kecrmngmketl, tmpl bk hlekxmøe bk als bkvnenbls, kakgketls prmehmpnaks y nuxmamnrks, kth.

Krrlrks ke als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna Ke als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna kxmstke ? tmpls bk krrlrks quk nckhtne n an prkhmsmøe bk ans gkbmbns: • Krrlr bk rkanhmøe: Ks an bmckrkehmn ketrk an rkanhmøe vkrbnbkrn ketrk an tkesmøe bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml y an rkanhmøe mebmhnbn ke an panhn hnrnhtkrçstmhn. • Krrlr bk îeiual: Ks an bmckrkehmn ke an plsmhmøe bk an tkesmøe npamhnbn n an hnrin skhuebnrmn s khuebnrmn y an tkesmøe npamhnbn na bkvnenbl prmgnrml. Ka krrlr bk îeiual sk rkprksketn hle ka sçgolal (i). Xk kxprksn ke gmeutls y sk bkcmek hlgl plsmtmvl hunebl an tkesmøe npamhnbn n an hnrin, bksbk an tkrgmena skhuebnrmn gnrhnbn n an el gnrhnbn, kstî nbkanetnbn rkspkhtl n an tkesmøe tkesmøe npamhnbn na prmgnrml bksbk an an tkrgmena gnrhnbn n an el gnrhnbn.

RT-RKP-0008  

>?> 93 / >?>

9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Hansmcmhnhmøe bk als krrlrks Ke ka trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna metkrksn quk als krrlrks ke an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe y als krrlrks bk îeiual ketrk tkesmøe prmgnrmn y skhuebnrmn sk gnetkeine bketrl bk hmkrtls amgmtks. Kstl sk lotmkek slorkbmgkesmlenebl tnetl ka eúhakl gnieítmhl hlgl an skhhmøe bk als hlebuhtlrks bk als olomenbls. An gniemtub bk als krrlrks bkpkebk bk an hnrnhtkrçstmhn bk an hnrin skhuebnrmn quk sk hlekhtn na trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna. Pnrn su hansmcmhnhmøe bksbk ka puetl bk vmstn bk an prkhmsmøe (krrlr gîxmgl ke an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe) ans bmvkrsns elrgns slork trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna kxmike quk als krrlrks sk gnetkeine bketrl bk hmkrtls vnalrks pnrn bktkrgmenbns hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk an hnrin. o) Elrgn Nakgnen SBK

n) Elrgn Ngkrmhnen NXN Kstns elrgns dne hansmcmhnbl ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns bk prkhmsmøe bk als trnesclrgnblrks pnrn ka skrvmhml hle npnrntls bk gkbmhmøe.

Kstn elrgn SBK, elrgnamzn pnrn hnbn hansk bk prkhmsmøe, an hnpnhmbnb bk als kerlaanbls bka trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmna ke SN.

An hansk y amgmtks bk prkhmsmøe p rkhmsmøe bkcmembns plr elrgn NXN sle: Prkhmsmøe pnrn trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna >,? >,? ((¾ ¾ >.?% >.?%))- 0,3 0,3 ((¾ ¾ 0.3% 0.3%))- 0,8 0,8 ((¾ ¾ 0.8% 0.8%). ).

Ans hansks bk prkhmsmøe sle 8->-0,;-0,?-0,> y kaan bkok gnetkekrsk pnrn hunebl ka vlatnjkk prmgnr vlatnj prmgnrml ml el vnrçk gî gîss naaî bka ?0% slork su tkesmøe elgmena, kxhkptl ke als bk hansk 8 ke quk sk inrnetmzn slal pnrn su tkesmøe elgmena. Prkhmsmøe pnrn trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna 0,> (¾ 0.> 0.>%)%)- 0,? 0,?0 0 (¾0. (¾0.?%) ?%) - 0,; (¾0 (¾0,8% ,8%))> (¾>%)(¾>%)- 8 (¾8 (¾8%). %).

Rrnesclrgnblr bk Pltkehmn (RP) Rrnesclrgnblr bk Hlrrmketk (RH)

Pnrn gkbmr emvkaks bk hlrrmketk ke HN ikekrnagketk sk utmamzn ue trnesclrgnblr pnrn mestrugketl hlelhmbl hlgl trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk (RH) Ke ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk, hlgl ka quk sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn, ka bkvnenbl prmgnrml hlesmstk bk uen l gîs kspmrns bk nangork iruksl kerlaanbl ke ue eúhakl bk dmkrrl/nhkrl y hlekhtnbl ke skrmk hle an açekn blebk sk bkskn gkbmr an hlrrmketk. Ke naiuens lhnsmleks ks ue hnoak l uen onrrn bk hlork quk pnsn plr ka hketrl bka eúhakl, lpkrnebl hlgl bkvnenbl prmgnrml.

Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Hlrrmketk

Ka bkvnenbl hlekhtne elrgnagketk skhuebnrmlans tmkek olomens guhdns bk kspmrns hlrrmketk bkbk nangork als mestrugketls bkainbl. Nbk kstk gkbmhmøe bkvnenbl l rkakvnblrks skhuebnrml bk sk prltkhhmøe, lpkrnebl hlgl hnrin bka trnesclrgnblr. Als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk bmcmkrke bk als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmna ke quk an hlrrmketk bka

bkvnenbl skhuebnrml bkpkebk bk an hlrrmketk quk kstî pnsnebl plr ka prmgnrml. RT-RKP-0008  

>?> 99 / >?>

9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Als mestrugketls bk gkbmhmøe l olomens bk rkakvnblrks bk prltkhhmøe kstîe kstnebnrmznbls pnrn ;N n paken kshnan l rneil elgmena. Nsç, ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml bk ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk ikekrnagketk tmkek uen hnpnhmbnb elgmena bk ;N. Xm bk hlrrmketk tmkek uen bkue >00trnesclrgnblr n ;, kstl smiemcmhnrî quk hunebl dny rkanhmøe >00N cauykebl ke ka prmgnrml, sk prlbuhmrîe ;N ke ka skhuebnrml. Kstn rkanhmøe bk hlrrmketks pkrgnekhk hlestnetk gmketrns an hnrin hlekhtnbn na skhuebnrml el lhnsmlek quk ka trnesclrgnblr kxhkbn su hnpnhmbnb ke vlatngpkrks (SN). Xm sk kkxhkbk xhkbk bk kstk rneil, ka eúhakl sk snturnrî y an hlrrmketk bka bka skhuebnrml el sk mehrkgketnrî ke an gmsgn prlplrhmøe quk an hlrrmketk bka prmgnrml. [en vkz gîs, ke als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk an hlrrmketk skhuebnrml bkpkebkybkelanbka hlrrmketk bka qukbkvnenbl kstî pnsnebl kstî plr ka prmgnrml vlatnjk. Plr al tnetl, sm sk nork ka skhuebnrml bk ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk hunebl hmrhuan hlrrmketk plr ka prmgnrml, sk mebuhmrî ue natl vlatnj vlatnjkk ke ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml, al huna bnþnrî ka nmsangmketl bk sus hlebuhtlrks y bkstrumrî na trnesclrgnblr. Bkombl n kstl, ka hmrhumtl skhuebnrml bk ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk euehn bkok bkok skr nomkrtl hunebl ka prmgnrml kstí kekrimznbl. Als mestrugketls l rkakvnblrks bk prltkhhmøe quk utmamzne pnrn su lpkrnhmøe als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk tmkeke an tnoamaan bk tkrgmenaks ke uen clrgn y cuehmøe kspkhmna, huyn cuehmøe ks plekr ue puketk ke ka skhuebnrml pnrn plbkr trnonjnr hle als ltrls mestrugketls.

Rmpl bk Hlestruhhmøe Als tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk sle:

>

Rmpl prmgnrml bkvnenbl

?

Hlestn bk bls bkvnenbls prmgnrmls y skhuebnrmls tltnagketk nmsanbls y gletnbls pkrgneketkgketk slork ka hmrhumtl gnieítmhl.

8

Rmpl tlrl tlrlmbna mbna (vketn (vketnen) en)

Rmkek ue bkvnenbl skhuebnrml tltnagketk nmsanbl y gletnbl pkrgneketkgketk slork ka hmrhumtl gnieítmhl y uen vketnen n trnvís bk an huna pukbk dnhkrsk pnsnr ue hlebuhtlr quk prlplrhmlen ka bkvnenbl prmgnrml.

Rmpl onrrn

Ks smgmanr na tmpl prmgnrml bkvnenbl, kxhkptl ke quk ka prmgnrml ks ue slal hlebuhtlr rkhtl bk tmpl onrrn.

2

Rmpl pnrn olreks

Ks ue tmpl kspkhmna kspkhmna tlrlmbna prlykhtnbl pnrn hlalhnrsk ke als olreks nmsanbls bk als npnrntls, nhtunebl ka hlebuhtlr bka olrek hlgl bkvnenbl prmgnrml.

RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Hansmcmhnhmøe bk als krrlrks Als krrlrks ke ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk vnrçne hle an tkesmøe pnrn an hnrin hlekhtnbn ke olreks bk als tkrgmenaks skhuebnrmls y ka vnalr bk an hlrrmketk skhuebnrmn. N hletmeunhmøe sk keuehmne bls tmpls bk elrgns quk kspkhmcmhne an prkhmsmøe bk als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk: n) Elrgn Ngkrmhnen NXN

o) Elrgn Nakgnen SBK

Kstn elrgn dnhk uen bmckrkehmn ke an hansk bk prkhmsmøe bk als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk pnrn ka skrvmhml bk gkbmhmøe y prltkhhmøe.

N bmckrkehmn bk ans elrgns NXN, ke kstns elrgns el sk dnhk ue trntngmketl bmckrkehmnbl ketrk trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk pnrn gkbmbn y prltkhhmøe. An úemhn bmckrkehmn ketrk kaals ks an hansk bk prkhmsmøe y ka çebmhk bk slorkhlrrmketk.

Ans hansks bk prkhmsmøe pnrn ka skrvmhml bk gkbmhmøe kstîe bkcmembns plr als açgmtks bk krrlr, ke plrhketnjk bk als cnhtlrks bk

Ans hansks bk prkhmsmøe pnrn prltkhhmleks sle > y 8 pnrn trnesclrgnblrks bk dnstn 2; FS y > pnrn 30 FS dnhmn nrrmon.

hlrrkhhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr uen Als hlrrmketk elgmena skhuebnrmn pnrn bka >00%. açgmtks ke plrhketnjk sk bloane na >0% bk hlrrmketk elgmena, als açgmtks bk hlrrmketk bka >00% sk npamhne tngomíe n an hlrrmketk skhuebnrmn hlrrksplebmketk na vnalr bk hlrrmketk tírgmhn hletmeun gîxmgn bka trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk.

Ke an hansk > sk inrnetmzn kstn prkhmsmøe pnrn hlrrmketks ketrk > y >,? vkhks an hlrrmketk elgmena, y pnrn hnrins skhuebnrmns ketrk ka ?;% y >00% an elgmena hle C.P 0,40. Ke an hansk 8 sk inrnetmzn kstn prkhmsmøe pnrn hlrrmketks ketrk 0,; y > vkhks an elgmena, y pnrn hnrins ketrk ka ;0 y >00% an elgmen elgmenaa hle C. C.P P 0,4.

Ke an hansk bk prkhmsmøe elrgnamznbn pnrn prltkhhmleks, ans elrgns NXN dne kstnoakhmbl ans hansmcmhnhmleks bk prkhmsmøe bk als trnesclrgnblrks bk hlrrmketk pnrn ka skrvmhml bk prltkhhmleks, quk hlestn bk 8 cnhtlrks: • Açgmtk bk krrlr plrhketuna: Als plrhketnjks gîxmgls bk krrlr ke an rkanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe sle bk ?.; y >0%. Ístn ks an hansk bk prkhmsmøe elrgnamznbn. • Snalr elgmena bk tkesmøe ke olreks bka skhuebnrml: Als vnalrks kstnoakhmbls bk tkesmøe ke ka skhuebnrml sle: >0, ?0, ;0, >00, 200, y 400, hlrrksplebmketk n hnrins elrgnamznbns [XN bk >00 N. • Hansk bk cuehmlengmketl: Xk bksmien hle an aktrn A (onjn mgpkbnehmn) l D (natn mgpkbnehmn).

Cmenagketk, ka çebmhk bk slorkhlrrmketk, sk bkcmek hlgl ka gúatmpal bk an hlrrmketk prmgnrmn pnrn ka huna ka krrlr bk trnesclrgnhmøe sk dnhk miuna n >0% hle an hnrin elgmena.

RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

A (onjn mgpkbnehmn: Mebmhn ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk quk ks hnpnz bk cuehmlenr hle hunaqumkr tmpl bk hnrin hlekhtnbn, mehausl uen hnrin quk prlbuzhn an hansk bk prkhmsmøe bk an tkesmøe bk olreks bka skhuebnrml n ?0 vkhks an hlrrmketk elgmena skhuebnrmn, pnrn uen ingn bk hlrrmketks quk vne bksbk an elgmena dnstn ?0 vkhks an hlrrmketk skhuebnrmn elgmena, sme kxhkbkr an hansk bk prkhmsmøe bka amgmtk bk krrlr plrhketuna. D (natn mgpkbnehmn): Mebmhn ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk quk ks hnpnz bk prlbuhmr hunaqumkr tkesmøe bk olreks bka skhuebnrml dnstn, mehausmvk, an hansk bk prkhmsmøe bk an tkesmøe hle hunaqumkr hlrrmketk skhuebnrmn pnrn an ingn bk ; n ?0 vkhks an hlrrmketk elgmena skhuebnrmn, sme kxhkbkr an hansk bk prkhmsmøe bka açgmtk bk krrlr plrhketuna. Plr al netkrmlr pnrn kspkhmcmhnr hlgpaktngketk ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk pnrn ka skrvmhml bk prltkhhmøe, sk bkok bksmienr plr su hansk bk prkhmsmøe, tmpl y tkesmøe gîxmgn skhuebnrmn. Kstls vnalrks bkcmeke hlgpaktngketk su hlgplrtngmketl.

KJKGPAL [e trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk ?.;D400, mebmhn ue trnesclrgnblr hle hansk bk prkhmsmøe bk ?.;%, hansk bk cuehmlengmketl D y tkesmøe gîxmgn skhuebnrmn ke olreks skhuebnrmls bk 400 S.

Hnusn bk krrlrks Als krrlrks ke ue trnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk sle bkombls n an kekriçn ekhksnrmn pnrn prlbuhmr ka caujl ke ka eúhakl quk mebuhk an tkesmøe ke ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml quk sugmemstrn an hlrrmketk n trnvís bka hmrhumtl skhuebnrml. Als ngpkrk-vukatns tltnaks bmsplemoaks pnrn prlplrhmlenr an hlrrmketk na skhuebnrml sle miunaks n als ngpkrk-vukatns bka prmgnrml gkels als ngpkrk-vukatns pnrn prlbuhmr ka caujl bka eúhakl. [e hngomlbka ke eúhakl6 an hnrinkaskhuebnrmn natkrn ka ka caujl ke ka eúhakl y vnrçn als ngpkrk-vukatns kxhmtnhmøe caujl bk bmspkrsmøe b mspkrsmøe ke karkqukrmbl eúhakl hngomn ans hnrnhtkrçstmhns gnieítmhns bka bk gmsgl y nckhtn n als ngpkrk-vukatns bk kxhmtnhmøe.

Prkhnuhmleks bk skiurmbnb Ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml smkgprk bkok kstnr hlrtlhmrhumtnbl netks bk bkshlekhtnr an hnrin. Xm sk nork ka hmrhumtl skhuebnrml hle hmrhuanhmøe bk hlrrmketk plr ka prmgnrml, tlbls als ngpkrk-vukatns prmgnrmls sle ngpkrk-vukatns gniektmznetks gniektmznetks y elrgnagketk prlbuhmrîe uen tkesmøe tkesmøe skhuebnrmn kxhksmvngketk kakvnbn ke olreks bka hmrhumtl nomkrtl. ¡NRKEHMØE! Rlbls als hmrhumtls skhuebnrmls bk als trnesclrgnblrks bk gkbmbn bkoke kstnr pukstls n tmkrrn. Hunebl als skhuebnrmls bka trnesclrgnblr bk gkbmbn kstîe metkrhlekhtnbls6 søal bkok plekrsk n tmkrrn tmkrrn ue puetl. Xm ka hhmrhumtl mrhumtl skhuebnrml el kstî pukstl n tmkrrn, ka skhuebnrml sk hlevmkrtk ke an panhn bk gkbmn bk ue hlebkesnblr, nhtunebl ka bkvnenbl bk

natn tkesmøe y tmkrrn hlgl ans ltrns bls panhns. RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

Rrne nesc sclr lrgn gnbl blrk rkss Ou Ouhf hf - Ol Olls lstt 9.; Rr [e trnesclrgnblr Ouhf-Ollst ks ue trnesclrgnblr hle bls bkvnenbls ke blebk ngols sk hlekhtne pnrn lpkrnr hlgl ue nutltrnesclrgnblr. Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn ue bmnirngn ksqukgîtmhl bk uen bk sus hlekxmleks gîs hlgueks. Ka trnesclrgnblr Ouhf-Ollst sk utmamzn pnrn mehrkgketnr l bmsgmeumr ka vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe ke pkqukþns hnetmbnbks.

Bmnirngn ksqukgîtmhl bk ue trnesclrgnblr Ouhf Ou hf - Ol Olls lstt

KJKGPAL Ka trnesc trnesclrg lrgnbl nblrr Ouhf - Oll Ollst st sk puk pukbk bk utm utmamz amznr nr pnr pnrnn mehrkgketnr ka vlatnjk bk ?04 vlats n ?20 vlats. L Ltrls trls hngomls hngom ls bk vl vlatnjk atnjk hlguek hlguekss sle bk 220 vla vlats ts n 240 vla vlats ts y vmhkvkrsn vmhkv krsn y bk ?2 ?20 0 vlats n ?99 vlats vlats..

Bkombl n quk sk bmskþne pnrn pkqukþls hngomls bk vlatnjk, als trnesclrgnblrks Ouhf- Ollst sle gîs pkqukþls ke tngnþl quk als trnesclrgnblrks bk bls bkvnenbls kstîebnrks bk an gmsgn hnpnhmbnb. Plr ltrn pnrtk, ka trnesclrgnblr trnesclrgnblr Ouhf-Ollst ks gîs kcmhmketk, kcmhmketk, prlbuhk gkels rumbl y ks ks gkels hlstlsl.

RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.3 Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Hletrla [e trnesclrgnblr bk hletrla ks ue trnesclrgnblr bk bls bkvnenbls quk prlvkk uen cuketk bk onjl vlatnjk pnrn hmrhumtls bk hletrla (ikekrnagketk >?0SHN). Als trnesclrgnblrks bk hletrla sk utmamzne ke mestnanhmleks mebustrmnaks pnrn prlplrhmlenr vlatnjk n als hmrhumtls bk hletrla tnaks hlgl rkakvnhmøe, cuketks bk plbkr, olomens bk nrrnehnblrks y hletrlanblrks bk gltlrks.

Als emvkaks bk sugmemstrl bk vlatnjk gîs hlgueks (ke mestnanhmleks mebustrmnaks) sle ?04, ?20, ?99, 240 y ;9; vlats.

Rrnesclrgnblr bk hletrla bk bkrmvnhmleks (RNPs) ke ka prmgnrml pnrn hlekxmøe n vnrmls emvkaks bk vlatnjk

An gnylrçn bk als hmrhumtls bk hletrla, tnaks hlgl nrrnehnblrks mebustrmnaks, sk cnormhne pnrn lpkrnr hle >?0 vlats, yn quk an gnylrçn bk als bmsplsmtmvls gnekjne kstk vlatnjk y nbkgîs sus hlgpleketks sle gîs khleøgmhls quk als quk lpkrne hle vlatnjks gîs kakvnbls. Ka trnesclrgnblr trnesclrgnblr bk hletrl hletrlaa pukbk tkekr ue bkvnenbl prmgnrml prmgnrml hle bkrmv bkrmvnhmlek nhmlekss l RNPs pnrn bmvkrsns lphmleks bk vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe. Ltrn hlecmiurnhmøe hlgúe ks ue trnesclrgnblr hle bls bkvnenbls ke ka prmgnrml. Kstl pkrgmtk lpkrnr søal hle ? vlatnjks kstîebnrks bmckrketks bk sugmemstrl. KJKGPAL

Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn ue trnesclrgnblr hle bls bkvnenbls ke ka prmgnrml, al huna pkrgmtk lpkrnral tnetl hle ue vlatnjk bk namgketnhmø namgk etnhmøee bk ?20 vlats (ke hnsl bk hlekhtnrsk ke pnrnakal) hlgl bk 240 vlats (hlekhtîeblsk ke skrmk). Rrnesclrgnblr bk hletrla hle bls bkvnenbls bk ?20 vlats, quk na skr hlekhtnbls ke skrmk

pkrgmtke ue vlatnjk bk namgketnhmøe bk 240 vlats. RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.9 Rrnesclrgnblrks bk Bmstrmouhmøe Ke kstn hansmcmhnhmøe sk keialone n als trnesclrgnblrks quk gnekjne vlatnjks bk gkbmn y onjn tkesmøe. Xus rneils bk lpkrnhmøe kstîe ketrk 82.; fS hlgl gîxmgl y bksbk ksk vlatnjk dnstn vlatnjks vlatnjks hlgkrhmnaks y rksmbkehmnaks. Kstk tmpl bk trnesclrgnblrks sle utmamznbls pnrn rkbuhmr l nugketnr vlatnjks y hlrrmketks pnrn plbkr utmamznr an kekriçn bkspuís bk quk sk dmzl an ikekrnhmøe y an pltkehmn bk an kekriçn kaíhtrmhn. Kstls trnesclrgnblrks el sle bk irne tngnþl hlgpnrnbls hle als bk pltkehmn, yn quk el gnekjne tnetl vlatnjk. Als trnesclrgnblrks bk bmstrmouhmøe sle bk bls tmpls:

Rmpl pkbkstna l kstnetk

Rmpl plstk

Rrnesclrgnblrks tmpl plstk: Ka elgork bk kstls trnesclrgnblrks sk snhn bk an clrgn cçsmhn ke quk sk mestnane pnrn dnhkr an bmstrmouhmøe hle kstls trnesclrgnblrks.

Pnrn als trnesclrgnblrks bk bmstrmouhmøe tmpl plstk l pkbkstna kxmstke vnrmkbnbks. Elrgnagketk el sk hlalhne ke plstks trnesclrgnblrks guy irnebks bkombl na bíoma slplrtk quk pubmkrn

prlplrhmlenrak. RT-RKP-0008  

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9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

9.4 Rrnesclrgnblrks skiúe su Eúhakl Oîsmhngketk, ke rkanhmøe hle ka tmpl bk eúhakl, kxmstke bls tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks:

Rmpl eúhakl (hlrk)

Xm ka eúhakl tmkek clrgn bk rkhtîeiual, hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn,n hle an olomenybka prmgnrml kerlaanbl ue kxtrkgls an olomen bka skhuebnrml ke ka ltrl, sk ak aangn trnesclrgnblr tmpl eúhakl (hlrk). Rrnesclrgnblr tmpl eúhakl (hlrk)

Rmpl nhlrnznbl (sdkaa) Xm ka eúhakl clrgn uen cmiurn bk ue lhdl rkhtneiuanr, hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn, hle ans olomens bka prmgnrml y skhuebnrml kerlaanbns ke clrgn hlehíetrmhn, ks bkhmr, quk hlgpnrtke ka gmsgl hketrl, slork an rngn bka gkbml sk ak bkelgmen trnesclrgnblr nhlrnznbl (sdkaa). Rrnesclrgnblr tmpl nhlrnznbl (sdkaa)

RT-RKP-0008  

9. Rmpls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks

NHRMSMBNB >0 N al anril bk kstk hnpçtual dkgls kstubmnbl als bmstmetls tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks

Plr cnvlr, rksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

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8

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RT-RKP-0008  

4

Rrnesclrgnblrks

Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL 4

Ke kstk hnpçtual sk nenamznrîe als hmrhumtls quk smrvke pnrnn glbka pnr glbkamzn mznrr l glbkanr ka hlgplrtngmketl bk als trnesclrgnblrks y bmstmetns hlecmiurnhmleks plsmoaks.

4.> Hmrhumtls Kqumvnaketks

43

4.? Bmnirngn Cnslrmna 4.8 Kesnyls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks Rrnesclrgnblrks Rrmcîsmhls

44 4=

4.2 Pnrnakal bk Rrnesclrgnbl Rrnesclrgnblrks rks

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

4.> Hmrhumtls Kqumvnaketks Ans pírbmbns quk lhurrke ke als trnesclrgnblrks trnes clrgnblrks rknaks tmkeke quk kxpamhnrsk ke ue glbkal quk rkcakjk ka hlgplrtngmketl bk als trnesclrgnblrks. trnesclrgnblrks. Als prmehmpnaks bktnaaks quk bkoke tkekrsk ke huketn pnrn an hlestruhhmøe bk tna glbkal sle: Pírbmbn

Hnrnhtkrçstmhn

Pírbmbns (C_) ke ka hlork

Ans pírbmbns ke ka hlork sle pírbmbns plr rksmstkehmns ke ans olomens prmgnrmn y skhuebnrmn bka trnesclrgnblr. Xle prlplrhmlenaks na hunbrnbl bk an hlrrmketk ke bmhdns olomens.

Pírbmbns bk hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns

Ans pírbmbns plr hlrrmketks pnrîsmtns sle pírbmbns plr rksmstkehmn ke ka eúhakl bka trnesclrgnblr. Xle prlplrhmlenaks na hunbrnbl bka vlatnjk npamhnbl na trnesclrgnblr.

Pírbmbns plr dmstírksms

Ans pírbmbns plr dmstírksms kstîe nslhmnbns rknhlglbngmketls,, hnbn gkbml hmhal, hle als rknhlglbngmketls bk als blgmemls gnieítmhls ke ka eúhakl. Xle uen cuehmøe hlgpakjn, el amekna, bka b ka vlatnjk npamhnbl na trnesclrgnblr. Als caujls AP y AX quk snake bka eúhakl y pnsne slangketk n trnvís bk uen bk ans

Caujl bk bmspkrsmøe

olomens bk trnesclrgnblr sle caujls bk bmspkrsmøe. Kstls caujls, prlbuhke uen nutlmebuhtn nutlm ebuhtnehmn ehmn ke ans olomens prmgn prmgnrmns rmns y skhuebnrmns. Xus kckhtls bkoke tkekrsk ke huketn.

Ka glbkal quk rkprksketn kstns pírbmbns ks:

Hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk bka trnesclrgnblr rkckrmbl n su anbl prmgnrml

Nuequk an cmiurn gukstrn ue glbkal kxnhtl bk ue trnesclrgnblr, el ks bk guhdn utmambnb. Pnrn nenamznr hmrhumtls prîhtmhls quk hletkeine trnesclrgnblrks, elrgnagketk ks ekhksnrml hlevkrtmr ka hmrhumtl ketkrl ke ue hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk, kqumvnaketk, hle ue emvka bk vlatnjk úemhl. Plr tnetl, ka hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk sk bkok rkckrmr, omke n su anbl prmgnrml l omke na skhuebnrml ke an

slauhmøe bk prloakgns. RT-RKP-0008  

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

Ka hmrhumtl rkckrmbl n ans tkesmleks bka prmgnrml ks:

Hmrhumtls kqumvnaketks nprlxmgnbls bk ue trnesclrgnblr Als glbkals bk trnesclrgnblrks bk ans cmiurns netkrmlrks, n gkeubl, sle gîs hlgpakjls bk al ekhksnrml hle ka lojktl bk alirnr oukels rksuatnbls ke npamhnhmleks prîhtmhns bk meikemkrçn. [en bk ans prmehmpnaks qukjns slork kaals ks quk an rngn bk kxhmtnhmøe bk als glbkals nþnbk ltrl elbl na hmrhumtl quk sk kstí nenamznebl, dnhmkebl an slauhmøe bka hmrhumtl gîs hlgpakjn hlgpakjn bk al ekhksnrml. An rngn bk kxhmtnhmøe tmkek guy plhn hlrrmketk ke hlgpnrnhmøe hle an hlrrmketk bk hnrin bk als trnesclrgnblrks6 bk dkhdl ks tne pkqukþn, quk onjl hmrhuestnehmns elrgnaks hnusn uen hnçbn hlgpaktngketk bkskhdnoak bk vlatnjk ke _P y TP. Bksbk kstl úatmgl, sk pukbk prlbuhmr ue hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk smgpamcmhnbl quk trnonjk hnsm tne omke hlgl ka glbkal lrmimena. An rngn bk kxhmtnhmøe smgpakgketk sk gukvk dnhmn an ketrnbn bka trnesclrgnblr y ans mgpkbnehmns prmgnrmn y skhuebnrmn sk bkjne ke skrmk ketrk sç. Kstns mgpkbnehmns søal sk nbmhmlene, hrknebl als hmrhumtls kqumvnaketks nprlxmgnbls, hlgl sk vk ke ans smiumketks cmiurns nyo. Ke naiuens npamhnhmleks, an rngn bk kxhmtnhmøe pukbk bkskhdnrsk tltnagketk sme hnusnr emeiúe krrlr skrml. Ke kstls hnsls, ka hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk kqumvnaketk bka trnesclrgnblr sk rkbuhk n als hmrhumtls skehmaals bk ans cmiurns h y b.

Cmiurn n: _kqp 7 _p + n?_s Tk Tkqqp 7 Tp + n?Ts

Cmiurn o: _kqs _k qs 7 _ _p/ p/nn? + _s Tk Tkqs qs 7 TTp/ p/nn? + Ts

Cmiurn h

Cmiurn b RT-RKP-0008

 

4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

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4.? Bmnirngn Cnslrmna Pnrn lotkekr an rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk ke ue trnesclrgnblr sk rkqumkrk ketkebkr ans hnçbns bk vlatnjk quk sk prlbuhke ke su metkrmlr. Hlesmbkrkgls ka hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk bka trnesclrgnblr smgpamcmhnbl bk an cmiurn. Als kckhtls bk an rngn bk kxhmtnhmøe ke an rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk bka trnesclrgnblr pukbke mielrnrsk, plr al tnetl slangketk ans mgpkbnehmns ke skrmk bkoke tlgnrsk ke huketn. An rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk bk ue trnesclrgnblr bkpkebk tnetl bk an gniemtub bk kstns mgpkbnehmns hlgl bka îeiual cnsk bk an hlrrmketk quk hmrhuan plr ka trnesclrgnblr. An clrgn gîs cîhma bk bktkrgmenr ka kckhtl bk an mgpkbnehmn y bk als îeiuals bk cnsk bk an hlrrmketk hmrhuanetk ke an rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk bka trnesclrgnblr ks nenamznr ka Bmnirngn Cnslrmna Cnslrmna,, ka huna hlestmtuyk ue ksqukgn bk als vlatnjks y hlrrmketks hlrrmketks cnslrmnaks bka trnesclrgnblr. Ke als smiumketks smiumketks bmnirngns, ka vlatnjk cnslrmna SX sk suplek hle hle ue îeiual bk 0° y tlbls als bkgîs bkgîs vlatnjks y hlrrmketks sk hlgpnrne hle bmhdn suplsmhmøe. Xm sk npamhn an aky bk vlatnjks bk Fmrhddlcc na hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk bk an prmgkr prmgkr cmiurn, ka vlatnjk prmgnrml sk dnaan: Sp/n 7 Ss + _kqs*Ms+ j Tkqs*Ms

[e bmnirngn cnslrmna bk ue trnesclrgnblr ks uen rkprksketnhmøe vmsuna bk kstn khunhmøe. An prmgkr cmiurn els gukstrn ue bmnirngn cnslrmna bk ue trnesclrgnblr quk trnonjn bkhnr pltkehmn guy vkr quk hle Sp/nue5cnhtlr Sp/n Ss pnrn hnrins ins ke ntrnsnbl. nt ntrnsl, rnsl, ns nsççKs quk an cîhma rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk bk ue trnesclrgnblr hle tnaks hnrins bkok skr gnylr quk hkrl. Ke an skiuebn cmiurn pukbk vkrsk ue bmnirngn cnslrmna hle ue cnhtlr bk pltkehmn miuna n uel. Nquç eukvngketk sk vk quk ka vlatnjk skhuebnrml ks gkelr quk ka prmgnrml, bk blebk S_70. Xme kgonril, ke kstn lplrtuembnb an rkiuanhmøe bk vlatnjk ks gkelr quk tkeçn hle uen hlrrmketk ke ntrnsl. Xm an hlrrmketk hlrrmketk skhuebnrmn kkstî stî nbkanetnbn, ka vlatnjk skhuebnrml pukbk skr rknagketk quk ka vlatnjktmkek prmgnrml rkckrmbl. Xm kstl suhkbk,gnylr ka trnesclrgnblr rknagketk uen rkiuanhmøe ekintmvn hlgl sk maustrn ke an úatmgn cmiurn.

RT-RKP-0008  

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

4.8 Kesnyls bk Rrnesclrgnblrks Rrmcîsmhls Dny plhns bmckrkehmns ketrk als trnesclrgnblrks trmcîsmhls y glelcîsmhls ke al quk rkspkhtn n als kesnyls n rknamznr. Plr al prletl, ans kspkhmcmhnhmleks slork tkgpkrnturn, nmsangmketl, kth., el pukbke skr bmckrketks, puks ans elrgns el dnhke bmstmehmøe slork ka eúgkrl bk cnsks. Ans hnçbns bk tkesmøe y rkiuanhmøe tngomíe pukbke kstubmnrsk hlgl sm sk trntnrne bk ue trnesclrgnblr glelcîsmhl, hle søal hlesmbkrnr skpnrnbngketk hnbn cnsk. ]n snokgls hlgl sk hlgomene als rksuatnbls pnrn dnhkr ue bmnirngn úemhl, trmcîsmhl. Bk glbl quk an hnrnhtkrçstmhn bk hnrin metkren l kxtkren, quk bn an tkesmøe ke als olreks skhuebnrmls na vnrmnr an hnrin, sk tlgnrî pnrn uen cnsk, puks ks prîhtmhngketk miuna pnrn ans ltrns. Hunebl sk hlesmbkrn ka rkebmgmketl, npnrkhk an prmgkrn bmckrkehmn. Ke kckhtl, hunebl ka eúhakl ks nsmgítrmhl, ans pírbmbns ke ka dmkrrl sle bmstmetns pnrn ans trks cnsks cnsks al huna ks hlgúe. Hlgl pnrn hnahuanr ka rkebmgmketl dny quk gkbmr gkbmr ans pírbmbns ke ka dmkrrl y ke ka hlork, plr al quk dnorî naiuen bmckrkehmn hle rkspkhtl n als trnesclrgnblrks glelcîsmhls. Xk rknamznrîe, plr tnetl, als kesnyls ke vnhçl y hlrtlhmrhumtl. Xk utmamzn pnrn kehletrnr ans pírbmbns ke ka dmkrrl ke ue trnesclrgnblr. Ke ka prmgnrml sk npamhn an tkesmøe elgmena y ka skhuebnrml sk bkjn ke hmrhumtl nomkrtl. An hlrrmketk quk hmrhuan ke ka prmgnrml sk bkelgmen hlrrmketk bk kxhmtnhmøe y ks bka lrbke bk > na >0% bk an elgmena. Hlgl an hlrrmketk bk kxhmtnhmøe ks guhdl gkelr quk an elgmena, plbkgls bksprkhmnr an hnçbn bk tkesmøe ke _p y Tp . Plbkgls lotkekr an rkanhmøe bk

KEXN]L KE SNHÇL

Bmnirngn bk kesnyl ke vnhçl

trnesclrgnhmøe: K S g >  > K? S? Plbkgls hlelhkr ans pírbmbns ke ka dmkrrl nsugmkebl nsugmk ebl quk an ppírbmbn írbmbn ke _h ks bksprkhmnoak, ketlehks an pltkehmn akçbn skrî an pírbmbn ke ka dmkrrl: Y   P>  PCh ] ka cnhtlr bk pltkehmn skrî: P hls  >  > S M >

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An mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk Zl (_h, JTg):

Hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

Xk utmamzn pnrn bktkrgmenr ans pírbmbns ke ka hlork hlork.. Ke kstk hnsl el ks gkekstkr gkbmr ans pírbmbns ke ans trks cnsks. Bnbl quk sle miunaks ke tlbns, onstn hle gkbmr uen cnsk y guatmpamhnran plr trks. Xk kgpakn ka ksqukgn quk sk gukstrn ke an smiumketk cmiurn.

KEXN]L KE HL_RLHM_H[MRL

Xk npamhn uen tkesmøe rkbuhmbn bkelgmenbn tkesmøe tkesm øe bk hlrtlh hlrtlhmrhumt mrhumtll [hh (? na >;% bk an tkesmøe elgmena), tna quk an hlrrmketk ke ka prmgnrml skn miuna n an hlrrmketk elgmena. Hlgl an tkesmøe tkesmøe bk hlrtl hlrtlhmrhu hmrhumtl mtl [hh ks pkqukþn, an hlrrmketk bk kxhmtnhmøe pukbk bksprkhmnrsk y smgpamcmhnr ka hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk. Xm an hlrrmketk bk hlrtlhmrhumtl M>e ks pkqukþn plbkgls hlesmbkrnr quk an úemhn pírbmbn ks an bka hlork P .

Gkbmhmøe ke ka kesnyl ke hlrtlhmrhumtl

hu

Ketlehks an pltkehmn Y quk gmbk ka vntçgktrl ks an pltkehmn bk hlrtl hmrhumtl. Y  P  hh  PHu Plbkgls hnahuanr ka cnhtlr bk pltkehmn ke hlrtlhmrhumtl. P hls  hh  Hu Shh  M>e An mgpkbnehmn kqumvnaketk bk hlrtlhmrhumtl skrî: S Zhh   hh M>e Plbkgls lotkekr als bls hlgpleketks bk Zhh: _  Zhh   hls  hh T  Zhh   hls  hh

Hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk pnrn ka kesnyl ke hlrtlhmrhumtl

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

4.2 Pnrnakal bk Rrnesclrgnblrks Ka pnrnakal bk trnesclrgnblrks sk utmamzn hunebl bls trnesclrgnblrks bk miuna hnpnhmbnb bkoke lpkrnr lpkrnr na bloak bk hnpnhmbnb hnpnhmbnb ke fSN bk hunaqumkrn bk kaals ke ke clrgn mebmvmbuna. Ke ltrns ltrns pnanorns, an hnpnhmbnb ke fmalvlat-ngpkrs fmalvlat-ngpkrs (fSN) bk trnesclrgnblrks hlekhtnbls hlekhtnbls ke pnrnakal ks miuna miuna n an sugn bk sus hnpnhmbnbks mebmvmbunaks.

Na mestnanr ke uen panetn uen hnrin nbmhmlena, ks naiuens vkhks gîs prîhtmhl ka nirkinr ltrl trnesclrgnblr quk hngomnr ka kxmstketk. Pnrn bmvmbmr an an hnrin bk nhukrbl hle an hnpnhmbnb bk als trnesclrgnblrks y kvmtnr hlrrmketks hmrhuanetks, ks ekhksnrml hugpamr hle als smiumketks rkqukrmgmketls: • Xus rneils bk vlatnjk bkoke skr miunaks. • Xus mgpkbnehmns (plrhketnjk bk mgpkbnehmn) tngomíe bkoke skr miunaks. Netks bk dnhkr ans hlekxmleks cmenaks, sk bkok rknamznr uen prukon bk planrmbnb, bk tna clrgn quk su hlekxmøe skn dkhdn ke an planrmbnb nbkhunbn. Kstl sk pukbk aakvnr n hnol sme bkshlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr lrmimena. Ka skiuebl trnesclrgnblr sk hlekhtn hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn.

Namgketnhmøe prmgnrmn bk >400 Slats

Loskrvk quk ans tkrgmenaks bka skhuebnrml bka skiuebl trnesclrgnblr el kstîe gnrhnbns, pkrl ka vlatçgktrl mebmhn 240 vlats. An sugn bk ngols vlatnjks bka skhuebnrml ks bk 240 vlats, nsç, als skhuebnrmls kstîe hlekhtnbls ke skrmk ke vkz bk pnrnakal (planrmbnb mevkrtmbn). Namgketnhmøe prmgnrmn bk 2400 Slats

Bk als rksuatnbls bk kstn prukon sk pukbk nsugmr quk q uk ans hlekxmleks bka skhuebnrml bkoke skr hngomnbns hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn. Ka vlatçgktrl ndlrn mebmhn 0 vlats. Pnrn tkrgmenr, sk bkok qumtnr ka vlatçgktrl y hlekhtnr als trnesclrgnblrks hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn.

¡NRKEHMØE! Euehn (ke emeiúe tmpl bk hlekxmøe) sk bkoke

uemr tkrgmenaks quk tkeine uen bmckrkehmn bk pltkehmna ketrk kaans. RT-RKP-0008  

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

Namgketnhmøe prmgnrmn bk 2400 Slats

GNERKEMGMKERL An lpkrnhmøe ke pnrnakal bk als trnesclrgnblrks lcrkhk an vketnjn bk plbkr p lbkr qumtnr ue trnesclrgnblr skrvmhml pnrn rkkgpanznral l pnrn bnrakbkgnetkemgmketl sme metkrrugpmr an lpkrnhmøe hlgpaktngketk ke an hnrin l prlhksl quk namgketn.

Hlekxmleks cmenaks pnrn bls trnesclrgnblrks ke pnrnakal

¡NRKEHMØE! • Hunebl sk rkqumkrn rktmrnr ue trnesclrgnblr quk sk kehuketrk ke lpkrnhmøe, sk bkok nskiurnr quk als metkrruptlrks quk hlekhtne tnetl na bkvnenbl prmgnrml hlgl na skhuebnrml kstíe nomkrtls netks bk bkshlekhtnral. • Xm søal sk nork ka prmgnrml, prmgnrml, ka skhuebnrml skiumrî kekrimznbl n trnv trnvís ís bk su hlekxmøe hle ltrls trnesclrgnblrks, kstl ks quk ka vlatnjk y hlrrmketk prksketks ke ka skhuebnrml mebuhmrîe ue vlatnjk ke ka bkvnenbl prmgnrml. • Xk rkhlgmkebn, plr skiurmbnb, bkshlekhtnr prmgkrngketk ka bkvnenbl bk onjl vlatnjk, pnrn nsç nskiu nskiurnr rnr quk hune hunebl bl ka bkvnen bkvnenbl bl bk natl vlatnj vlatnjkk kstí bkshl bkshlekhtn ekhtnbl, bl, el dnyn ue vlatnjk mebuhmbl ke ía. • Ke ka hnsl bk als trnesclrgnblrks rkbuhtlrks ke pnrnakal, sk pukbk prksketnr uen hlebmhmøe guy pkamirlsn bkombl n an plsmomambnb bk b k kstn rktrlnamgketnhmøe. Xm sk nork ka cusmoakk l metkrrupt cusmoa metkrruptlr lr bka prmgnr prmgnrml, ml, ka skhuebn skhuebnrml rml mebuhk vl vlatnjk atnjk prmgnr prmgnrml. ml. Nsç als trnesclrgnblrks hlekhtnbls, plr kjkgpal, n uen namgketnhmøe bk >8?00 vlats, pukbke tkekr kstk vlatnjk mebuhmbl eukvngketk ke ka prmgnrml, bkspuís bk dnokr d nokr smbl bkshlekhtnbl.

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4. Neîamsms bk Hmrhumtls

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NHRMSMBNB >> Pnrn cmenamznr ka prksketk hnpçtual, ak prlplekgls uen úatmgn nhtmvmbnb hle ka cme bk npamhnr al nprkebmbl.

_ksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

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Mgnimek quk sk dn alirnbl hlestrumr ue trnesclrgnblr hle ue hlebuhtlr huyn rksmstkehmn ks hkrl. Bmoujk ka hmrhumtl kqumvnaketk bk ksk trnesclrgnblr:

¼^uí smiemcmhn quk ue trnesclrgnbl trnesclrgnblrr cuehmlen hle ue ccnhtlr nhtlr bk pltkehmn pltkehmn ntrnsnbl<

Bkcmen als hlehkptls bk Rkesmøe bk hlrtlhmrhumtl y Hlrrmketk bk kxhmtnhmøe.

¼Huîa ks an prmehmpna vketnjn bk an lpkrnhmøe ke pnrnakal bk als trnesclrgnblrks<

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! [stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual 4.

N hletme hletmeunhmøe unhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Gnetkemgmketl . RT-RKP-0008  

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Rrnesclrgnblrks

Gnetkemgmketl RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL =

Kstk hnpçtual prksketn als amekngmketls pnrn ka gnetkemgmketl bk als bmstmetls tmpls bk trnesclrgnblrks.

=.> Rrnesclrgnblrks Rmpl Xkhls

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=. Gnetkemgmketl

=.> Rrnesclrgnblrks Rmpl Xkhls Núe hunebl als trnesclrgnblrks rkqumkrke r kqumkrke bk gkels ntkehmøe quk an gnylrçn bk als npnrntls kaíhtrmhls, ekhksmtne miunagketk miunagketk bk hmkrtl gnetkemgmketl rutmenrml. Ke naiuels hnsls, ka bnþl ke als gnetkemgmketl.. trnesclrgnblrks sk bkok n an cnatn bk gnetkemgmketl

GNERKEMGMKERL Dnhmkebl gnetkemgmketl prkbmhtmvl y/l prkvketmvl ke als trnesclrgnblrks pukbke bkshuormrsk y hlrrkimrsk als prloakgns gkelrks netks bk quk kstls sk hlevmkrtne ke prloakgns skrmls k metkrcmkrne hle ka cuehmlengmketl bk als gmsgls.

skhl,, hlgl su elgork al mebmhn, el kstîe megkrsls ke nhkmtk y kstîe Als trnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhl bmskþnbls pnrn mestnanrsk ke auinrks skhls. Bnbns sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns, bkok kvmtnrsk ka hletnhtl nhhmbketna hle niun (n trnvís bk nhhksls tnaks hlgl vketnens) y açekns bk vnplr (bkoke mestnanrsk akjls bk kstls gmsgls).

Cnhtlrks n hlesmbkrnr pnrn ka cuehmlengmketl y gnetkemgmketl bk als trnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhls Dugkbnb ngomketk

Pukbke lpkrnr hlrrkhtngketk ke auinrks blebk an dugkbnb rkantmvn rkantmvn ks natn, pkrl sk bkoke tlgnr prkhnuhmleks pnrn gnetkekrals skhls hunebl el sk kehuketrke kekrimznbls burnetk hmkrtl tmkgpl (hunebl sk bn gnetkemgmketl n als kqumpls, kth.). Hmrhuanhmøe bka nmrk

Ke an mestnanhmøe bk trnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhl sk rkqumkrk, hlgl gçemgl, uen bmstnehmn bk >?‗ (80.24 hg) bk skpnrnhmøe n an pnrkb gîs hkrhnen. Bk kstn clrgn sk pkrgmtk an hmrhuanhmøe bk nmrk (kecrmngmketl) narkbkblr y n trnvís bka trnesclrgnblr. An vketmanhmøe ks vmtna pnrn ue nbkhunbl kecrmngmketl bk als trnesclrgnblrks.

Prkskehmn bk plavl ke ka nmrk

Ka nmrk bkok prkckrketkgketk bk el skr nsç, sk rkhlgmkebn cmatrnralbkapnrn rkbuhmr prkskehmn bkskr pnrtçhuans y/l insks.amgpml Bk kstny clrgn sk prltkik na trnesclrgnblr plavl y an hletngmenetks quçgmhls.

Ka plavl quk sk nhuguan ke als bkvnenbls, eúhakl y huomkrtn prltkhtlrn bka trnesclrgnblr rkbuhk su hnpnhmbnb bk bmsmpnr ka hnalr, al huna prlvlhn su slorkhnaketngmketl. RT-RKP-0008  

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Prkhnuhmleks

Xk bkoke aakvnr n hnol mespkhhmleks pkrmøbmhns n als bkvnenbls y eúhakl plr al gkels uen vkz na nþl. Na rknamznr an mespkhhmøe sk bkok bkshlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr bk su namgketnhmøe. Xk bkok tkekr kspkhmna ntkehmøe ntkehmøe sm ka trnesclrgnblr kstî hlekhtnbl ke pnrnakal hhle le ltrls trnesclrgnblrks, ke kstk hnsl dny quk bkshlekhtnr tngomíe ka bkvnenbl skhuebnrml. Xm ístk sk gnetmkek kekrimznbl, plr ka gmsgl kckhtl bk mebuhhmøe, sk tkebrî tkebrî prksketk ue vlatnjk ke tkrgmenaks bka bk bkvnenbl vnenbl prmgnrml. Hunebl plr nhhmbketk l hlebkesnhmøe sk dugkbkhke als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr, onjl emeiúe gltmvl dny quk kekrimznral puks kxmstk ue rmksil natl bk uen cnaan gnylr. gnylr . Ke kstls hnsls dny quk skiumr naiúe gítlbl bk skhnbl bk als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr.

_kvmsmøe

Hunebl sk qumtne ans huomkrtns, sk rkvmsn sm kxmstk nhuguanhmøe bk plavl (kspkhmnagketk ke an supkrcmhmk bk als bkvnenbls), hlekxmleks sukatns (kspkhmnagketk ke ans tkrgmenaks), bkhlalrnhmøe bkombl n kxhksl bk hnalr l pnrtks hnrolemznbns (prlbuhmbls plr gnals hletnhtls l tkrgmenaks ke gna kstnbl) y hlrrlsmøe.

Amgpmkzn

Als bkvnenbls sk pukbke amgpmnr hle uen nspmrnblrn l slpanblr hle nmrk hlgprmgmbl skhl l emtrøikel. An prksmøe el bkok kxhkbkr als ?; psm (>.9; fi/hg ? ). Xk rkhlgmkebn, hlgl prmgkr pnsl bk an amgpmkzn, usnr an nspmrnblrn y bkspuís ka nmrk hlgprmgmbl l emtrøikel. Hle kstl sk alirn amgpmnr als hlebuhtls bk caujl bk nmrk quk tmkeke als bkvnenbls. Rlbns ans supkrcmhmks, hlgl slplrtks, hngomnblr bk RNPs, hlekxmleks bk tmpl tkrgmena, ousdmeis y ltrns supkrcmhmks nmsanetks sk bkoke amgpmnr hle uen tkan skhn. Xk bkok kvmtnr ka usl bk slavketks bnbl quk pukbke tkekr ue kckhtl kckhtl bkstruhtmvl slork ka nmsangmketl bka trnesclrgnblr.

Prlhkbmgmketl bk skhnbl Hunebl ka trnesclrgnblr kstî kekrimznbl, ka hnalr prlbuhmbl plr ka caujl bk hlrrmketk kaíhtrmhn n trnvís bk als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnblr (y su rksmstkehmn) kvmtne an hlebkesnhmøe bk an dugkbnb y gnetmkeke skhls als bkvnenbls. bkvnenbls. Ke ka hnsl bk pnrls prlaleinbls plr gnetkemgmketl, sk bkoke utmamznr hnaketnblrks l skhnblrks pnrn kvmtnr uen hlebkesnhmøe dugkbnbbkkenmsangmketl. als bkvnenbls. Xm el sk tlgø ke huketn al netkrmlr sk rkhlgmkebn dnhkr prukon bk bk rksmstkehmn

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=. Gnetkemgmketl

Xm ans prukons bk rksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl mebmhne quk als bkvnenbls dne nbqumrmbl dugkbnb l sm kstls kstls dne kstnbl sujktls n hlebmhmleks bk dugkbnb el usunaks, sk bkoke slgktkr n ue prlhksl bk skhnbl.

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Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk hnalr kxtkrel

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Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk hnalr metkrel

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Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk uen hlgomenhmøe bk hnalr kxtkrel k metkrel

Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk hnalr kxtkrel

Ks ka prlhkbmgmketl bk skhnbl gîs hlgúe. Xk aakvn n hnol npamhnebl nmrk hnamketk ke als hlebuhtls prksketks ketrk als bkvnenbls. Ka nmrk hnamketk sk pukbk lotkekr usnebl rksmstkehmns l hnaketnblrks. Ltrn clrgn bk hnaketngmketl kxtkrel ks metrlbuhmkebl na trnesclrgnblr ke ue dlrel. Ke ístk dlrel an tkgpkrnturn bk skhnbl el bkok kxhkbkr kxhkbkr als>>0°H (?80° (?80°C). C).

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Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk hnalr metkrel

Ks tk prlhksl bk skhnbl ks gîs aketl. Ka hnaketngmketl metkrel sk alirn hlrtlhmrhumtnebl ue bkvnenbl y npamhnebl ue vlatnjk rkbuhmbl na ltrl bkvnenbl pnrn lotkekr nprlxmgnbngketk an hlrrmketk elgmena bka trnesclrgnblr, hlgl sk nprkhmn ke ka smiumketk bmnirngn.

Hlekxmøe pnrn skhnbl plr hnaketngmketl metkrel

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=. Gnetkemgmketl

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Gkbmnetk an npamhnhmøe bk uen hlgomenhmøe bk hnalr kxtkrel k metkrel

Hlestmtuyk uen clrgn rîpmbn bk snhnbl bk als bkvnenbls. An tkgpkrnturn bka bkvnenbl el bkok kxhkbkr als >00°H (?80°C) y sk bkok gkbmr ke als hlebuhtls quk sk tmkeke ketrk als bkvnenbls. Pnrn an gkbmhmøe bk an tkgpkrnturn el sk bkoke utmamznr tkrgøgktrls bk gkrhurml, bkombl n quk sk mebuhke hlrrmketks ke ka gmsgl hnusnebl akhturns krrøekns.

Burnetk ka prlhksl bk skhnbl, ka trnesclrgnblr bkok kstnr onjl vmimanehmn hlestnetk pnrn rknamznr naiuen nhhmøe bk kgkrikehmn ke hnsl bk mehkebml. Ke kstk hnsl, sk bkok tkekr bmsplemoak ue kxtmei kxt meiumbl umblrr bk HL?. Xk bkoke dnhkr ans gkbmhmleks bk rksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl pnrn hnbn bkvnenbl hle rkspkhtl n tmkrrn, hlekhtnebl als bkgîs bkvnenbls tngomíe n tmkrrn, hlgl sk gukstrn ke an cmiurn.

Gkbmhmøe bk rksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl, hlekxmøe bka Gkiikrr y als bkvnenbls bka trnesclrgnbl Gkiik trnesclrgnblrr

¡NRKEHMØE! Netks bk dnhkr ans gkbmhmleks bk rksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl, ke hnsl bk utmamznr skhnbl metkrel, metkrrugpn ka sugmemstrl bk hlrrmketk y prlvlquk ue hlrtl hmrhumtl n als bkvnenbls ketrk sus tkrgmenaks y tmkrrn burnetk ue gmeutl, kstl úatmgl hle an cmenambnb bk brkenr tlbn hnrin kstîtmhn.

_KH[K_BK _khukrbk pnrn plbkr hlgpnrntmvns, ans na akhturns bkquk rksmstkehmn bk skr nmsangmketl bkoketlbns skr dkhdns gmsgl emvka bk vlatnjk y rkckrmrans n an gmsgn tkgpkrnturn.

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=. Gnetkemgmketl

=.? Rrnesclrgnblrks ke Nhkmtk Als trnesclrgnblrks ke nhkmtk rkqumkrke gîs ntkehmøe quk als bk tmpl skhl. Ka açqumbl quk sk utmamzn hlgl nmsanetk ks nhkmtk gmekrna l ue açqumbl smetítmhl.. smetítmhl

GNERKEMGMKERL

An nhuguanhmøe bk skbmgketls ke als skrpketmeks y hlebuhtls bk kecrmngmketl bka trnesclrgnblr rkbuhke an hnpnhmbnb bk trnesckrkehmn bk hnalr, lhnsmlenebl ue mehrkgketl ke an tkgpkrnturn bk lpkrnhmøe. Als bkvnenbls sk bkoke mespkhhmlenr skiúe skn an ekhksmbnb. Pnrn prkvkemr an noslrhmøe bk dugkbnb, sk bkok kvmtnr rknamznr an mespkhhmøe ke bçns hle natn dugkbnb y an kxpnesmøe bk olomens bk nmrk burnetk ka gkelr tmkgpl plsmoak.

Kstls açqumbls bkoke rkvmsnrsk plr al gkels uen vkz na nþl pnrn prkvkemr dugkbnb l clrgnhmøe bk skbmgketls.

GNERKEMGMKERL Ks rkhlgkebnoak rkhlgkebnoak bks bkskekri kekrimznr mznr ka trnesclrgnblr, qumtnr an huomkrtn y brkenr an hnetmbnb sucmhmketk bk nhkmtk nmsanetk pnrn kxplekr an pnrtk supkrmlr bka eúhakl y olomens.

Als trnesclrgnblrks ke nhkmtk, ikekrnagketk tmkeke bls tmpls bk kecrmngmketl:

>

>

Nutlkecrmnbl

?

Kecrmnbl plr niun

Nutlkecrmnbl

Kstk tmpl bk kecrmngmketl bkpkebk bk an hmrhuanhmøe bka nmrk narkbkblr bka tnequk y bk quk sus bmsmpnblrks sk kehuketrke amgpmls.

?

Kecrmnbl plr niun

Ka trnesclrgnblr kecrmnbl hle niun utmamzn hlebuhtls l skrpketmeks bk kecrmngmketl n trnvís bk als

hunaks hmrhuan ka niun. RT-RKP-0008  

>00 0 / >?> >?> >0

=. Gnetkemgmketl

GNERKEMGMKERL An nhuguanhmøe bk øxmbl ke als skrpketmeks bk kecrmngmketl rkbuhk ka caujl bk niun prlbuhmkebl slorkhnaketngmketl. slorkhnaketngmketl. Pnrn kamgmenr ka øxmbl, prmgkrngketk sk bkokrî bkjnr na trnesclrgnblr cukrn bk skrvmhml na trnesclrgnblr y sk bkokrî rktmrnr ka skrpketçe pnrn aukil brkenr ka niun gkbmnetk ue hlgprkslr bk nmrk. Plstkrmlrgketk, sk bkokrîe aakenr als tuols hle uen slauhmøe bk îhmbl gurmîtmhl gu rmîtmhl (suacúrmhl) y niun. • An tuokrçn el sk bkok tnpnr hunebl sk aaken hle an slauhmøe bk îhmbl, yn quk dny uen rknhhmøe quçgmhn quk pukbk prlbuhmr ue mehrkgketl bk prksmøe. • An slauhmøe hlesmstk ke uen gkzhan bk pnrtks miunaks bk îhmbl gurmîtmhl purl y niun. Kstn slauhmøe sk bkjn ke ka rnbmnblr bk kecrmngmketl bka trnesclrgnblr plr ue pkrçlbl bk > dlrn, bkspuís sk kejunin hle niun amgpmn amg pmn y, plr úatmgl, hle nhkmtk quk tkeçn ka trnesclrgnblr. snamb n bk an olomen • Gmketrns sk rknamzn kstn lpkrnhmøe, ans tuokrçns bk ketrnbn y snambn bk kecrmngmketl sk bkoke bkshlekhtnr bka smstkgn bk niun y bmrmimr akjls bka trnesclrgnblr. Dnhmkebl kstl, sk rkbuhk an plsmomambnb bk quk ketrk îhmbl l niun ke ka trnesclrgnblr. • Ans cuins ke ans uemleks bka smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl sk pukbke kamgmenr utmamznebl uen slabnburn. An npamhnhmøe bk an gmsgn g msgn sk bkok dnhkr sme kamgmenr ka nhkmtk, yn quk na brkenr ka nhkmtk sk prlbuhk uen gkzhan kxpalsmvn kxp alsmvn bk vnplr bk nhkmtk y nmrk, an huna pukbk memhmnr burnetk an slabnburn. slab nburn. • Ans cuins ke ka dmkrrl vnhmnbl sk pukbke rkpnrnr tnanbrnebl k meskrtnebl uen hlekxmøe tnpøe. Ans cuins ke als kgpnquks sk pukbke kamgmenr kamg menr mestnanebl eukvls kgpnquks.

NEKTL Ke kstk npnrtnbl npnrtnbl keh kehletrn letrnrî rî ue kjkgpal bk prlirngn bk gnetkemgmketl bk trnesclrgnblrks.

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=. Gnetkemgmketl

>0> > / >?> >?> >0

NHRMSMBNB >?

Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl hle netkrmlrmbnb, rksplebn n ans smiumketks prkiuetns:

>

¼Huîa ks an gnylr prkhnuhmøe n tkekr ke huketn pnrn als trnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhl<

¼Huîebl ks ekhksnrml ka prlhkbmgmketl bk skhnbl<

?

8

2

¼^uí prkhnuhmøe bkok tl tlgnrsk gnrsk ke huketn ke ue prlhksl bk skhnbl plr hlgomenhmøe bk hnalr kxtkrel k metkrel<

¼^uí cuehmøe hugpak ka açqumbl ke als trnesclrgnblrks ke nhkmtk<

¡Ckamhmtnhmleks!

[stkb dn cmenamznbl ka hnpçtual =.

N hletme hletmeunhmøe unhmøe sk bksnrrla bksnrrlaanrî anrî ka hnpçtual hnpçtual Cnaans . RT-RKP-0008  

>0

Rrnesclrgnblrks

Cnaans RKGNX BKA HNPÇR[AL >0

N hletmeunhmøe sk prksketn høgl sk prlbuhke ans cnaans ke als trnesclrgnblrks, høgl bktkhtnrans, prkvkemrans y quí prlhkbmgmketls sk pukbke skiumr pnrn kvmtnrans.

>0.> Cnaans ke ka Nhkmtk Nmsanetk

>08

>0.? Cnaans ke ka Kqumpl Nuxmamnr

>09

>0.8 Cnaans ke als Bkvnenbls

>04

>0.2 Bktkhhmøe bk Cnaans gkbmnetk Neîamsms bk Insks

>>?

 

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>0. Cnaans

>0.> Cnaans ke ka Nhkmtk Nmsanetk Ka nhkmtk ke ka trnesclrgnblr sk bktkrmlrn plr an nhhmøe bk an dugkbnb, ka lxçikel, an prkskehmn bk hntnamznblrks (hlork) y ka mehrkgketl bk su tkgpkrnturn. tkgpkrnturn. An hlgomenhmøe bk kstls kakgketls tmkek uen nhhmøe quçgmhn ke ka nhkmtk, quk bn hlgl rksuatnbl an ikekrnhmøe bk îhmbls quk ntnhne n als nmsangmketls y n ans pnrtks gkhîemhns bka trnesclrgnblr, ketrk ltrls kckhtls. Bk kstn nhhmøe quçgmhn rksuatne als albls quk sk prkhmpmtne ke ka trnesclrgnblr y quk mgpmbke an hlrrkhtn bmsmpnhmøe bka hnalr, nhkakrnebl plr al tnetl ka kevkjkhmgmketl bk als nmsangmketls.

An dugkbnb ke ka nhkmtk sk pukbk lrmimenr

Hleskhukehmns

plr: • Ka nmrk quk ketrn na tnequk bka trnesclrgnblr burnetk su lpkrnhmøe6 • Cnaans ke sus juetns y kgpnquks, cuins ke ikekrna6 • Bkshlgplsmhmøe prlpmn bka nhkmtk y bk als nmsangmketls. An dugkbnb ke ka nhkmtk sk pukbk bktkhtnr gkbmnetk prukons bk anolrntlrml y hle an nyubn bk mestrugketls bk gkbmhmøe.

Xm sk bktkhtn dugkbnb, sk bkoke rkvmsnr tlbls als kgpnquks y tkrgmenaks bk hlekxmøe (ousdmeis) pnrn bktkrgmenr ka nhhksl bk an dugkbnb.

Hleskhukehmns An clrgnhmøe bk skbmgketls ks lhnsmlenbn plr an lxmbnhmøe bka nhkmtk na tkekr hletnhtl hle ka nmrk.

Xm sk kehuketrn bkgnsmnbl skbmgketl, sk bkok brkenr brkenr ka nhk nhkmtk mtk nsç hlgl amgp amgpmnr mnr n prksmøe an pnrtk metkrmlr bka tnequk y bkvnenbls. Plstkrmlrgketk, sk rkirksn ka nhkmtk netmiul na tnequk n trnvís bk ue cmatrl.

GNERKEMGMKERL Als trnesclrgnblrks ke nhkmtk, ke als hhunaks unaks dn ketrnbl niun l sk dne meuebnbl, sk bkoke skhnr. Pnrn rknamznr ka skhnbl sk bkok brkenr ka nhkmtk ke ltrl hletkekblr y skiumr mebmhnbl pnrn pnrn als trnesclrgnblr trnesclrgnblrks ks tmpl skhl, ke rkanhmøe hle ans olomens ykakaprlhkbmgmketl eúhakl. Ka nhkmtk bkok skhnrsk hle ue cmatrl n prksmøe. Na tkrgmenr sk dnhk uen prukon pnrn

bktkrgmenr su rmimbkz bmkaíhtrmhn, netks bk quk sk olgokk bk eukvl e ukvl bketrl bka tnequk bka trnesclrgnblr. RT-RKP-0008  

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>0. Cnaans

Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn an clrgn ke quk sk skhn ka nhkmtk bk ue trnesclrgnblr, utmamznebl ue hmrhumtl kxtkrel y dnhmkebl pnsnr na nhkmtk n trnvís bk ue cmatrl. ¡NRKEHMØE! Ka hletkembl bk niun ke ka

Hmrhumtl dmbrîuamhl quk sk utmamzn ke trnesclrgnblrks pkqukþls

nhkmtk, bkcmek ke pnrtks gmaaøe, sk blebk >000 pnrtks plr plr gmaaøe (ppg) 7 0.>% dugkbnb (>000/>000000 7 0.00> x >00 7 0.> %). Xk bmhk quk ue nhkmtkk kstî ke kqum nhkmt kqumamorml amorml,, hunebl su hletkembl bk dugkbnb ks miuna n 20 ppg (0.002% bk dugkbnb). Onjl kstn hlebmhmøe, em ka nhkmtk hkbk su dugkbnb n als nmsangmketls, em kstls an hkbke na nhkmtk.

ke als hunaks hmrhuan ka nhkmtk gkbmnetk bk uendugkbnb. olgon y, na pnsnral n trnvís bk uerkcmatrl, rkbuhk su hletkembl Pnrn trnesclrgnblrks irnebks sk bmskþne bmnirngns bk caujl gns hlgpakjls puks ks gnylr ka hletkembl bk nhkmtk quk nagnhkene, nagnhkene, y plr al tnetl ks ekhksnrml ue prlhksl bk purmcmhnhmøe bka nhkmtk gns bktnaanbl. Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn an clrgn ke quk sk skhn ka nhkmtk bk ue trnesclrgnblr, utmamznebl ue hmrhumtl kxtkrel y dnhmkebl pnsnr na nhkmtk n trnvís bk ue cmatrl.

KJKGPAL Ke an cmiurn sk gukstrn ue kjkgpal bk b k kstk tmpl bk bmnirngn utmamznbl plr uen gîqumen aangnbn bksinsmcmhnblrn bksinsmcmhnblrn pnrn purmcmhnr ka nh nhkmtk. kmtk.

Bmnirngn bk caujl quk gukstrn ka prlhksl bk

purmcmhnhmøe bk nhkmtk ke trnesclrgnblrks irnebks

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>0. Cnaans

¼^uí suhkbk na rlgpkrsk rlgpkrsk an hlebmhmøe hlebmhmøe bk kqumamorml kqumamorml kevkjkzhn gîs su rîpmbl y, plr ntnetl, cnaak y sk bnþk.

? Ka mehrkgketl bk dugkbnb bka nhkmtk, sk gnemcmkstn ke uen bmsgmeuhmøe ke ka vnalr bk vlatnjk bk rupturn l rmimbkz bmkaíhtrmhn. Plr kjkgpal, ue vnalr bk hletkembl bk niun bk 30ppg rkbuhk ka vnalr bk rmimbkz bmkaíhtrmhn ke ue >8%. Ka nhkmtk sk snturn hunebl su hletkembl bk dugkbnb ks bk >00 ppg (0.0>%). Onjl kstn hlebmhmøe, hunaqumkr nbmhmøe nbmhmøe skrî noslrombn plr al alss gntkrmnaks cmorlsls bka trnesclrgnblr, hlgl sle: hnrtøe, pnpka nmsanetk y gnbkrn.

Bk al netks kxpukstl, sk hlehauyk quk an mespkhhmøe bka nhkmtk nmsanetk bkok hlgprkebkr: >. Hletkembl bk dugkbnb ?. Nhmbkz 8. _mimbkz bmkaíhtrmhn 2. Prkskehmn bk albls ;. Rkesmøe metkrcnhmna 3. _ksmstmvmbnb 9. Cnhtlr bk pltkehmn, kth. ¡NRKEHMØE! [e nhkmtk guy hletngmenbl prksketn ans smiumketks hnrnhtkrçstmhns: • Hletkembl bk dugkbnb miuna l gnylr quk 40 ppg • _mimbkz bmkaíhtrmhn gkelr l miuna n ?? fS • Xk rkplrtn prkskehmn bk albls

GNERKEMGMKERL Onjl kstns hlebmhmleks bk hletngmenhmøe, ke trnesclrgnblrks pkqukþls (y dnstn blebk ks prîhtmhl rknamznral) ks rkhlgkebnoak sustmtumr ka nhkmtk, pnrn al huna sk bkok dnhkr al smiumketk: >. Xnhnr ka eúhakl y als bkvnenbls6 ?. Xnhnr y bkskhdnr ka nhkmtk6 8. Amgpmnr ka metkrmlr bka tnequk6 2. Amgpmnr ka eúhakl y als bkvnenbls y skhnrals6

;. 3.

Metrlbuhmr ka eúhakl y als bkvnenbls ke ka tnequk6 Xkaanr y aakenr n vnhçl hle nhkmtk eukvl. RT-RKP-0008

 

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>0. Cnaans

Prkesn bk cmatrnr An prkesn bk cmatrnr ks ue bmsplsmtmvl quk pukbk usnrsk pnrn rknhlebmhmlenr ka nhkmtk bka trnesclrgnblr.. trnesclrgnblr [en prkesn bk cmatrnr kstn hlgpukstn plr uen olgon y uen skrmk bk cmatrls. Xk usn uen gneiukrn pnrn hlekhtnr na nhkmtk bka an prkesn trnesclrgnblr bk cmatrnrnntrnvís an vîavuan bk als bkcmatrls. gukstrkl N gkbmbn bk nhkmtk qukkekakanhkmtk trnesclrgnblr. hmrhuan, sk vn An kamgmenebl olgon cukrzn an suhmkbnb, an dugkbnb y ltrls hletngmenetks bk als cmatrls. Kstk trntngmketl sk rknamzn kstnebl ka trnesclrgnblr bkskekrimznbl. bkskekrimznbl. An prkesn bk cmatrnr tngomíe pukbk usnrsk hunebl sk nþnbk nhkmtk eukvl n ue trnesclrgnblr. trnesclrgnblr . Kstl nskiurn quk ka nhkmtk el kstí hletngmenbl y nyubn n kvmtnr quk sk clrgke ouroujns bk nmrk ke ka nhkmtk.

Prkesn bk cmatrnr

NHRMSMBNB >8 Dkgls vmstl ans cnaans ke ka nhkmtk bk als trnesclrgnblrks.

Plr cnvlr, hletkstk n ans smiumketks prkiuetns:

>

¼^uí nhhmøe dny quk rknamznr uen vkz quk ke als trnesclrgnblrks ke nhkmtk nhkmtk dn ketrnbl niun<

¼^uí kakgketls bkok hlgprkebkr an mespkhhmøe bk nmsanetk<

?

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>0. Cnaans

>0.? Cnaans ke ka Kqumpl Nuxmamnr ¼Høgl kvmtnr uen cnaan ke ka kqumpl nuxmamnr<

> Xk bkok tkekr an hkrtkzn quk ka kqumpl nuxmamnr, bk prltkhhmøe y gkbmhmøe cuehmlek hlrrkhtngketk.

? Bkok rkvmsnrsk y nprktnrsk nprktnrsk an tlremaakrçn ke hunetl dnyn lplrt lplrtuembnb, uembnb, bnbl quk an vmornhmø vmornhmøee enturna bka trnesclrgnblr ke lpkrnhmøe tngomíe cnvlrkhk quk sk ncaljke ans hlekxmleks.

8 Als nmsanblrks l ousdmeis bkoke kstnr amgpmls y, na gkelr smiel bk bktkrmlrl, bkoke bkoke rkkgpanznrsk.

2 Ka tnequk bkok kstnr amgpml, el bkok prksketnr smiels bk kevkjkhmgmketl y sk bkok hlrrkimr bk megkbmntl hunaqumkr cuin.

; Ks hlevkemketk mesmstmr ke quk, ke lpkrnhmøe elrgna, ka nhkmtk sk bmantk l sk hletrnmin skiúe an hnrin bka trnesclrgnblr y an tkgpkrnturn ngomketk.

3 Xk bkok rkvmsnr qukskþnaks el kxmstne rnstrls bk hnrolemznhmøe ke an supkrcmhmk sup krcmhmk bka tnequk y quk tngplhl prksketk bk nolgongmketl.

9 Xm sk loskrvne rnstrls bk hnroøe l skþnaks bk nolgongmketl, sk bkok bkshlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr y bktkrgmenr ans hnusns quk al dne ikekrnbl.

NEKTL Bketrll bka nekxl plbrî kehl Bketr kehletrnr etrnr ka prlirngn bk mespkhhmøe bk kqumpls.

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>0. Cnaans

>0.8 Cnaans ke als Bkvnenbls Kstk tmpl bk cnaans pukbke skr lhnsmlenbns plr: Cnasls hletnhtls Hlrtl hmrhumtl kxtkrel Hlrtl hmrhumtl ketrk kspmrns Xlorktkesm Xlork tkesmleks leks plr bkshn bkshnrins rins ntglscírmhns ntglscírmhns Xlorktkesm Xlork tkesmleks leks plr trnesmtlrmls trnesmtlrmls Xlorkhnrins Smornhmøe quk prlvlhn bkspanzngmketl ke ans olomens

Cnasls hletnhtls Hlgl als cnasls hletnhtls sk lrmimene plr tkrgmenaks sukatns, sukatns, ks rkhlgkebnoak nprktnr ans tkrgmenaks kxtkrens k metkrens bka trnesclrgnblr pkrmøbmhngketk y ke lplrtuembnb. Kstn cnaan, hlgl su elgork al mebmhn, ks prlbuhmbn plr ue hlrtlhmrhumtl kxtkrel na trnesclrgnblr. An plsmomambnb bk prlbuhmr ue bnþl na trnesclrgnblr bkpkebkrî bk su metkesmbnb y bk su tmkgpl bk burnhmøe. Kstn cnaann uen sk gnemcmkstn an prkskehmn bk hnroøe ke ans tkrgmenaks, tkrgmenaks ue hngoml hlalrnhmøehle lshurn ke nmsangmketls y hlebuhtlrks. An hlrrmketk natnhnrhlgmbns quk hmrhuanyburnetk ka hlrtlhmrhumtl kxtkrel prlbuhk natns cukrzns ke als bkvnenbls, als hunaks sk gukvke y, ke lhnsmleks, dnstn sk snake bk su auinr. auinr . Xm ka hlrtlhmrhumtl hlrtlhmrhumtl ks metkesl y prlaleinbl, su kckhtl sk rkca rkcakjnrî kjnrî ke uen bkirnbnhmøe bka nhkmtk, slorkprksmøe, nrqukls y nolgongmketl bka tnequk.

GNERKEMGMKERL

Bk el bktkhtnrsk y hlrrkimrsk n tmkgpl,

Bkspuís bk uen cnaan bk kstk tmpl y netks bk plekr ke skrvmhml eukvngketk na trnesclrgnblr, sk bkok tkekr an hkrtkzn

kstk tmpl bk cnaan bktkrmlrn ka nmsangmketl y hletngmen ka nhkmtk prlbuhmkebl insmcmhnhmøe, hnrolel y nolgongmketl

bk quk skrkvmsnr dn kamgmenbl ka hlrtlhmrhumtl y sk bkok kxdnustmvngketk ka trnesclrgnblr pnrn bktkrgmenr sm kstî, l

¡NRKEHMØE!

bka trnesclrgnblr.

el, bnþnbl.

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>0. Cnaans

Hlrtlhmrhumtl ketrk kspmrns Kstk tmpl bk cnaans sle ka rksuatnbl bk nmsangmketls nmsangmketls quk pmkrbke sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns plr kxhksl bk dugkbnb, slorkhnaketngmketl hlestnetk, kxhksl bk vlatnjk, kth. Kstns cnaansrkiuanr tnrbnekxhkptl tmkgpl ke ke ka plekr cukrn bk skrvmhml na trnesclrgnblr sk gnemcmkstne ue bkvnenbl puetl bk cnaan. Xu mlemznhmøe bkirnbn nay nhkmtk y bkok bkplr prlbuhmr rnstrls bk hnrolemznhmøe ke ka tnequk y plsmoakgketk nolgongmketl.

Xlorktkesmleks plr bkshnrins ntglscírmhns An gnemckstnhmøe bk kstk tmpl bk cnaans sle olomens bktkrmlrnbns ke an pnrtk gîs hkrhnen bka trnesclrgnblr, l skn, ke ans hlekxmleks l dkrrnjks. Ke hnsl bk quk an slorktkesmøe hnusnbn plr an bkshnrin ntglscírmhn kxhkbn ka aaçgmtk çgmtk bk nmsangmketl bka trnesclrgnblr, ka bkvnenbl sujktl n kstk kscukrzl cnaanrî. Hlgl ka tmkgpl bk burnhmøe bk ans bkshnrins ntglscírmhns ks guhdl gîs hlrtl, el sk prlbuhk bktkrmlrl ke ka nhkmtk, em insmcmhnhmøe bka gmsgl y plr al tnetl, plr rkian ikekrna, el sk loskrvne cnaans l nolgongmketls ke ka tnequk. NEKTL

GNERKEMGMKERL

Ke kstk npnrtnbl, npnrtnbl, kehl kehletrnr etrnrîî ue prlirngn bk prukons bk gnetkemgmketl bk trnesclrgnblrks.

Pnrn prkvkemr kstk tmpl bk cnaan sk rkhlgmkebn ka usl bk pnrnrrnyls al gîs hkrhn plsmoak bka trnesclrgnblr.

Xlorktkesmle ks plr trnesm trnesmtlrml tlrmlss Xlorktkesmleks Kstk tmpl bk slorktkesmleks sle prlbuhmbns plr lpkrnhmleks bk swmthdkl (hlekxmøe y bkshlekxmøe bk hnrins mgplrtnetks), plr pukstn bk skrvmhml y bkshlekxmøe bk onehls bk hnpnhmtlrks, kth. Als slorkvlatnjks quk sk prlbuhke plr kstns hnusns pukbke skr bka lrbke bk dnstn bls vkhks ka vlatnjk bk lpkrnhmøe, su rksuatnbl bk bnþl ks n anril panzl y sk prksketn crkhuketkgketk hlgl ue hlrtlhmrhumtl ketrk kspmrns. Xm ka nmsangmketl kstnon bktkrmlrnbl, an mlemznhmøe ikekrnbn hletngmen ka nhkmtk, al insmcmhn y sk prlbuhk ue nolgongmketl ke ka tnequk. Xlorkhnrins Xm ans slorkhnrins n quk sk slgktk ka trnesclrgnblr el dne smbl tlgnbns ke huketn burnetk ka bmskþl bka npnrntl, ístk ístk tkebrî ue kevkjkhmgmketl kevkjkhmgmketl nhkakrnbl quk bkstrumrî sus nmsangmketls y su cnaan sk prksketnrî hlgl ue hlrtlhmrhumtl kketrk etrk kspmrns. Bka neîamsms bk cnaans ke trnesclrgnblrks plbkgls bktkrgmenr quk, snavl ke ka hnsl bk slorktkesmleks lhnsmlenbns plr rnyls, tlbns ans bkgîs cnaans sk pukbke prkvkemr hle ue ouke gnetkemgmketl bka

trnesclrgnblr trnesclrgnblr.. Plr ltrn pnrtk, ue ouke rkimstrl bk gnetkemgm gnetkemgmketl ketl y su kstubml plbrîe bktkhtnr als prmgkrls sçetlgns bk uen cnaan y nsç kvmtnran. RT-RKP-0008  

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>0. Cnaans

GNERKEMGMKERL Xk rkhlgmkebn quk ans rutmens bk gnetkemgmketl prkvketmvl sk rknamhke hnbn skms gksks g ksks y ke irne pnrtk ka íxmtl bka gnetkemgmketl bkpkebkrî bk sm sk aakvn l el ue rkimstrl bk nhtmvmbnbks y rksuatnbls. Ketrk ans nhtmvmbnbks bk gnetkemgmketl sk bkoke vkrmcmhnr: • _kanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe. • _ksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl. • _ksmstkehmn ødgmhn bk als bkvnenbls. • Lpkrnhmøe bka tkrgøgktrl. • Emvka bk nhkmtk. • Amgpmkzn bka tnequk y ousdmeis. • Mekxmstkehmn bk cuins. • Ouke skaanbl y kstnbl bk juetns. • Nprmkt Nprmktkk ikekrna bk tlremaakr tlremaakrçn çn y hlekxmlek hlekxmleks. s. • Ouken vketmanhmøe bka hunrtl ke ka quk sk naljn ka trnesclrgnblr. • • • •

Mekxmstkehmn bk rnstrls bk hnrolemznhmøe, y bk prlbuhhmøe bk insks l dugls. Rlgn bk uen gukstrn nbkhunbn bk nhkmtk pnrn vkrmcmhnr sus hnrnhtkrçstmhns. Skrmcmhnhmøe bka smstkgn bk kecrmngmketl hunebl kxmstn ke ka trnesclrgnblr. Gnetkemgmketl na tnoakrl bk hletrla.

Plr supukstl quk an anolr bk gnetkemgmketl prkbmhtmvl y/l prkvketmvl, onsnbn ke uen pkrmlbmhmbnb nbkhunbn y bka bka neîamsms bk sus rksuatnbls, hletrmoumrî n alirnr quk ka trnesclrgnblr nanriuk su vmbn útma y sk prkvkeine plsmoaks cnaans. Kstl úatmgl ks guy mgplrtnetk, puks tkekr ue trnesclrgnblr cukrn bk skrvmhml sk trnbuhk, na gkels, ke uen pnrnamznhmøe pnrhmna bka prlhksl y plr al tnetl, ke pírbmbns bk prlbuhhmøe.

Bk nhukrbl n alke kstubmnbl slork ans cnaans als bkvnenbls, plr cnvlr gnrquk an lphmøe hlrrkhtn.

>

¼N quí tmpl bk cnaan hlrrksplebk an quk sk gnemcmkstn hle an prkskehmn bk hnroøe ke ans tkrgmenaks, tkrgmenaks hnrhlgmbns y ue hngoml n uen hlalrnhmøe lshurn ke nmsangmketls y hlebuhtlrks< N) Hlrtl hmrhumtl ketrk kspmrns O) Cnasls hletnhtls H) Xlorkhnrin

?

¼Huîa ks an úemhn cnaan quk el hugpak hle kstn rkian2

O) Hlrtl hmrhumtl kxtkrel

H) Xlorktkesmlek Xlorktkesmlekss lhnsm lhnsmlenbn lenbnss plr rnyls RT-RKP-0008  

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>0. Cnaans

NHRMSMBNB >; Bk nhukrbl n al kstubmnbl ke tlrel n ans cnaans ke als bkvnenbls, hlgpaktk an smiumketk nhtmvmbnb.

_ksplebn n ans smiumketks hlesmiens:

>

¼Huîa ks an prmehmpna hleskhukehmn bk ue hlrtlhmrhumtl prlaleinbl<

¼Høgl sk pukbk prkvkemr ans slorktk slorktkesmleks esmleks plr bkshnrins ntglscírmhns<

?

8

2

;

¼Plr quí ks mgplrtnetk an rknamznhmøe bka gnetkemgmketl prkvketmvl<

Ans slorktkesmleks plr bkshnrin ntglsc ntglscírmhn írmhn sle prlbuhmbns plr llpkrnhmleks pkrnhmleks bk swmthdkl. N)

Skrbnbkrl

O)

Cnasl

Ka gnetkemgmketl prkvketmvl sk rknamzn rknamzn hnbn skms gksks y su íxmtl íxmtl bkpkebkrî bk sm sk aakvn l el ue rkimstrl bk nhtmvmbnbks y rksuatnbls. N)

Skrbnbkrl

O)

Cnasl

RT-RKP-0008  

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>0. Cnaans

Bktkhhmøe bk Cnaans gkbmnetk Neîamsms >0.2 bk Insks Ka bmnieøstmhl bk cnaans, n pnrtmr bk als insks prksketks ke ka nhkmtk nmsanetk bkspuís bk uen cnaan ke trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn, sk bksnrrlaaø ke >=;3. Kstk bmnieøstmhl kstî onsnbl prmehmpnagketk ke ka neîamsms bk als insks gukstrknbls gukstrknbls ke ka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz. Kstl ks, hunebl ue trnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmn ks slgktmbl n hlebmhmleks bk hlrtlhmrhumtl, nrhls kaíhtrmhls y slorkhnaketngmketl, sk ikekrne hmkrtls insks hlgoustmoaks bkombl n an bkirnbnhmøe bka nhkmtk y als gntkrmnaks nmsanetks. Ka tmpl y ans hlehketrnhmleks bk insks ikekrnbls sle mgplrtnetks, yn quk ka kevkjkhmgmketl elrgna prlbuhk hnetmbnbks kxtrkgnbngketk pkqukþns bk insks gmketrns quk ans hlebmhmleks bk cnaan ikekrne irnebks hnetmbnbks bk als gmsgls. An gnylrçn bk ans smtunhmleks bk memhml bk uen hlebmhmøe bk cnaan (nrhls kaíhtrmhls ketrk bkvnenbls hle nmsangmketl bktkrmlrnbl) ikekrne (insks) y, plr al tnetl, pukbke bktkhtnrsk hunebl sk dnhke neîamsms pkrmøbmhls bka nhkmtk bkakvmbkehmns trnesclrgnblr. ¡NRKEHMØE! Xk utmamzn an tíhemhn bk hrlgntlirncçn bk insks pnrn mbketmcmhnr als insks hlgoustmoaks, yn quk bktkrgmen tnetl ka tmpl hlgl an hlehketrnhmøe (hnetmbnb) bk als insks bmsukatls ke ka nhkmtk bka trnesclrgnblr. Insks tçpmhls ikekrnbls plr cnaans ke trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn Xçgolal Ins Dmbrøikel D? Lxçikel L? Emtrøikel E? Gktnel HD2 Gleøxmbl bk hnrolel HL Ktnel H?D3 Bmøxmbl bk hnrolel HL? Ktmakel H?D2 Nhktmakel H?D? Ke prlplrhmleks guy rkbuhmbns tngomíe sk kehuketrn prlpmakel (H8D3), prlpnel (H8D4), y outnel (H2D>0).

Ans cnaans gîs hlgueks sle nrhls, bkshnrins, slorkhnaketngmketl slorkhnaketngmketl y puetls hnamketks hnamketks.. Hnbn uen bk

kstns cnaans pukbke prksketnrsk ke clrgn mebmvmbuna l hlgomenbn. Na cmena prlbuhke uen bkirnbnhmøe bk als gntkrmnaks gntkrmnaks nmsanetks, nsç hlgl an clrgnhmøe bk insks hlgoustmoaks y el hlgoustmoaks. RT-RKP-0008  

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>0. Cnaans

Ke uen lpkrnhmøe elrgna tngomíe sk tmkek prlbuhhmøe bk naiuels insks. Ke ue trnesclrgnblr, als insks ikekrnbls sk kehuketrne bmsukatls ke ka nhkmtk nmsanetk, ke kxmstketk kehmgn bka ke ka alskspnhml bmsplsmtmvls bk hlakhhmøe bk nhkmtk insks l hlgl ka rkakvnblr Ouhddlaz. An bktkhhmøe bk uen hlebmhmøe nelrgna rkqumkrk ue neîamsms bk an hlehketrnhmøe bka ins ikekrnbl y bk an tkebkehmn bk su prlbuhhmøe. Nsç, an hnetmbnb bk hnbn ins hle rkspkhtl na vlaugke tltna bk an gukstrnn mebmhn ka tm gukstr tmpl pl bk cnaan quk kkstî stî ke prlhksl.

Nsç, an prkskehmn y hlehketrnhmøe bk als insks prlbuhmbls bkpkebk bka tmpl, tmpl, alhnamznhmøe y tkgpkrnturn bk an cnaan. Hunebl sk prlbuhk uen skþna bk nanrgn l bmspnrl bkombl n an nhuguanhmøe bk insks ke ka rkakvnblr, ks mgplrtnetk bktkrgmenr sm ka ins ks mecangnoak l el, yn quk hle kaal sk pukbk bktkrgmenr an enturnakzn bk an cnaan. Xk snok quk als hlrtlhmrhumtls y nrqukls ketrk bkvnenbls l hlebuhtlrks ikekrne insks mecangnoaks, plr ltrn pnrtk, sm ka ins el ks mecangnoak m ecangnoak al gîs prlonoak ks quk skn nmrk quk ketrø ketrø na trnesc trnesclrgnb lrgnblr lr n trnvís bk ue kgpnquk bkckhtulsl l bnþnbl.

¡NRKEHMØE! El sk bkok pkrbkr bk vmstn quk an npamhnhmøe bk tíhemhns bk bmnieøstmhl n trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn tmkek hlgl lojktmvl prmehmpna ka mehrkgketl bk an hlecmnomambnb bka smstkgn n trnvís bk an rkbuhhmøe bka çebmhk bk cnaans y ka mehrkgketl bk su vmbn útma.

NHRMSMBNB >3

_ksplebn sm ans smiumketks ncmrgnhmleks sle vkrbnbkrns l cnasns:

SK_BNBK_L

>

Ke hlebmhmleks bk cnaan sk ikekrne irnebks hlehketrnhmleks bk ins.

?

An npamhnhmøe bk tíhemhns bk bmnieøstmhl n trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn tmkek hlgl lojktmvl ka mehrkgketl bk an hlecmnomambnb bka smstkgn. Ans cnaans hlgl als nrhls, bkshnrins,

CNAXL

8

slorkhnaketngmketl y puetls hnamketks søal sk prksketne ke clrgn hlgomenbn. RT-RKP-0008

 

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>0. Cnaans

NHRMSMBNB >9

_ksplebn n ans smiumketks metkrrlinetks

>

¼^uí ks an hr hrlgntl lgntlirncç irncçn< n<

?

¼^uí rkqumkrk an bktkhhmøe bk uen hlebmhmøe nelrgna<

8

N)

[e ne neîam îamsms sms bk aann hle hlehke hketrn trnhmø hmøee bka iins ns ik ikekr ekrnbl nbl y bk bk an tk tkebk ebkehm ehmnn bk su prlbuhhmøe.

O)

An pr prlbu lbuhhm hhmøe øe bk uuen en sk skþna þna bbkk nan nanrgn rgn l bbmspn mspnrl rl bk bkombl ombl n an nh nhugu uguanh anhmøe møe bk insks.

¼Huîa ks an utmambnb bk ans tíhemhns bmnieøstmhl< N)

Ka meh mehrkg rkgket ketll bk an hhlec lecmno mnomam mambnb bnb bk bkaa smst smstkgn kgn n ttrnv rnvís ís bk an an rkb rkbuhh uhhmøe møe bka çebmhk bk cnaans y ka mehrkgketl bk su vmbn útma.

O) H)

An rk rkbuh buhhmø hmøee bk als pr prloa loakgn kgnss hnu hnusnb snbls ls pl plrr als in insks sks ke an pprl rlbuh buhhmø hmøe. e. An bbmsgm msgmeuh euhmøe møe bk aals ls iinsk nskss bm bmsuk sukatl atlss ke ka nnhkm hkmtk tk nnmsan msanetk etk..

Ke kstk puetl cmenamzn an kxpamhnhmøe slork Cnaans . ¡Ckamhmtnhmleks! Dn cmenamznbl ka hursl Rrnesclrgnblrks .

RT-RKP-0008  

Nekxl HNPÇR[AL ;: Pnrîgktrls Prmehmpnaks Xmgolaliçn Xçgolal

Elgork Olomen l mebuhtnehmn

Olomen l mebuhtnehmn hle eúhakl ckrrlgnieítmhl

Olomen l mebuhtlr hle bkrmvnhmleks l RNPs

Olomen l mebuhtlr vnrmnoak

Rrnesclrgnblr hle eúhakl bk nmrk Rrnesclrgnblr hle eúhakl ckrrlgnieítmhl (ka puetl mebmhn an planrmbnb) Rrnesclrgnblr vnrmnoak l njustnoak (SN_MNH) Rrnesclrgnblr bk bls bkvnenbls

Rrnesclrgnblr hle lphmøe bk namgketnhmøe ke bls vlatnjks.

RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

Xçgolal

Elgork Bkvnenbl trmcîsmhl bk trnesclrgnblr hlekhtnbl ke R l ‑Xhltt‗ (pnrn tkekr ue sugmemstrl trmcîsmhl n pnrtmr bk ue glelcîsmhl). Bkvnenbl hlekhtnbl ke Bkatn.

Bkvnenbl hlekhtnbl ke Bkatn nomkrtn.

Bkvnenbl el ntkrrmznbl hlekhtnbl ke Kstrkaan. Bkvnenbl ntkrrmznbl hlekhtnbl ke kstrkaan hle tmkrrn.

Rrnesclrgnblr bk hlrrmketk (RH).

Nutltrnescl Nutltr nesclrgnblr rgnblr glelc glelcîsmhl îsmhl.. Rrnesclrgnblr hle bkrmvnhmleks l RNPs ke prmgnrml y skhuebnrml. Rrnesclrgnblr rkiuanblr bk vlatnjk plr snturnhmøe gnieítmhn.

Rrnesclrgnblr bk pltkehmn (RP).

RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

Xmgolaliçn Dny hlehkptls ikekrnaks quk sk gnekjne ke tlbls als trnesclrgnblrks y ks mgplrtnetk su hlgprkesmøe pnrn plbkr ketkebkr als pnrîgktrls y cuehmlengmketl bk als gmsgls. N hletmeunhmøe sk bktnaane kstls hlehkptls:

Hlehkptl

Bkcmemhmøe

Nrrlaangmketl

Ks ka hlejuetl bk kspmrns quk clrgne ue hmrhumtl kaíhtrmhl nslhmnbl n uen bk ans tkesmleks, pnrn ue trnesclrgnblr plamcîsmhl. Kstn pnanorn mebmhn ka hlejuetl bk cnsks (tngomíe ka nrrlaangmketl ks hlelhmbl hlgl an olomen). Kxmstke trnesclrgnblrks hle ue nrrlaangmketl bkstmenbl n skr hlekhtnbl ke skrmk ke ue hmrhumtl hle an cmenambnb bk glbmcmhnr an tkesmøe, ka ltrl nrrlaangmketl ks bk kxhmtnhmøe. Kstls npnrntls sk bkelgmene rkiuanblrks rkiuanblrks..

Nutltrnesclrgnblr

Ks ka trnesclrgnblr ke ka huna na gkels bls nrrlaangmketls tmkeke uen pnrtk hlgúe. Als trnesclrgnblrks pukbke kstnr sugkrimbls ke nhkmtk gmekrna l smetítmhl l skr bk tmpl skhl.

Rkesmøe elgmena l vlatnjk elgmena bk ue nrrlaangmketl

Ks an tkesmøe npamhnbn u lotkembn ke vnhçl ketrk olreks bk açekn bk ue nrrlaangmketl bk ue trnesclrgnblr plamcîsmhl l ketrk olreks bk ue nrrlaangmketl bk ue trnesclrgnblr glelcîsmhl.

_kanhmøe bk trnesclrgnhmøe elgmena

Ks an quk kxmstk ketrk ans tkesmleks elgmenaks elgme naks bk als bmstmetls nrrlaangmketls.

Crkhukehmn elgmena

Ks nqukaan crkhukehmn n an huna ka trnesclrgnblr kstî

Pltkehmn elgmena

bkstmenbl n cuehmlenr. Ks ka vnalr hlevkehmlena bk an pltkehmn npnrketk ke ka quk sk onsn ka bmskþl, an hlestruhhmøe y ans inrnetçns bka trnesclrgnblr.

Hlrrmketk elgmena

Ks ka vnalr quk sk lotmkek bmvmbmkebl bmvm bmkebl an pltkehmn elgmena bk ue nrrlaangmketl slork an tkesmøe elgmena bka gmsgl plr ka cnhtlr bk cnsk nprlpmnbl (rnçz bk trks ke als trnesclrgnblrks trmcîsmhls).

Emvka bk nmsangmketl

Ks ka hlejuetl bk vnalrks quk hnrnhtkrmzne an nptmtub bk als nrrlaangmketls pnrn slplrtnr slamhmtnhmleks bmkaíhtrmhns.

RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

Hlehkptl

Bkcmemhmøe Xle bmstlrsmleks bmstlrsmleks ke an lebn skel skelmbna mbna quk mgprmgk an

Nrgøemhls l nrgøemhns

Hlekxmleks

hnrin y qukbknckhtne an skþnakaíhtrmhns. bk gnekrnNbkgîs, quk bmsgmeuyke kcmhmkehmn ans gîqumens an skþna an bk vlatnjk sk lotmkek bk gnan hnambnb, plr al huna bkok kamgmenrsk gkbmnetk hmkrtns hlekxmleks l nrrkial ke ans gîqumens bk ikekrnhmøe bk vlatnjk. Ans hlekxmleks bk als nrrlaangmketls pukbke skr ke kstrkaan (sçgolal ]) y ke trmîeiual l Bkatn (sçgolal B ø   Β), ke trmîe trmîeiua iuall nom nomkrt krtll l ke zm zmii - zni (sç (sçgol golal al Z, z) z).. Xle bmsplsmtmvls kehnrinbls bk hlekhtnr l dnhkr ka puketk ketrk bkrmvnhmleks bk vlatnjk y nsç lotkekr al quk sk ekhksmtn. Kstls bmsplsmtmvls elrgnagketk sle bk nhkrl y nhtúne hlgl sm cukrne uels swmthds. Hunebl sk

RNPs

gnekjne natls vlatnjks hlgl plr kjkgpal, ke ansplr gkbml suokstnhmleks kaíhtrmhns, sk tmkeke quk kecrmnr bk nhkmtk, bk al hletrnrml pukbke dnhkr hlrtl l nrquknr plr slorkhnaket slorkhnaketngmket ngmketl. l. Dny RNPs quk pukbke skr rkglvmoaks hle hnrin (sme bkshlekhtnr ka trnesclrgnblr) hlgl ka bka dlrel bk cusmøe y dny ltrls gîs hlgl ka bk an suokstnhmøe quk sk tmkek quk bkshlekhtnr pnrn dnhkr hngoml ke ans vnrmnhmleks bk RNPs.

RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

HNPÇR[AL =: Gnetkemgmketl Prlirngn bk Prukons bk Gnetkemgmketl Ks rkhlgkebnoak dnhkr pkrmøbmhngketk prukons na trnesclrgnblr pnrn bktkhtnr lplrtuengketk uen smtunhmøe nelrgna y nskiurnr ue pane bk hletmeikehmn hletrn hunaqumkr kvketunambnb. Ka prlirngn bk gnetkemgmketl prkbmhtmvl y/l prkvketmvl bkokrî skr pukstl ke lpkrnhmøe uen vkz quk ka trnesclrgnblr dn smbl mestnanbl y pukstl ke skrvmhml. An crkhukehmn bk ans mespkhhmleks pukbk skr bktkrgmenbn gkjlr gkbmnetk rkimstrls dmstørmhls. Als cnormhnetks bk trnesclrgnblrks bkoke bk sugmemstrnr uen iuçn bk prîhtmhns bk gnetkemgmketl rkqukrmbns y hle als metkrvnals bk tmkgpl pnrn hmkrtls tmpls bk mespkhhmøe.

N hletmeunhmøe sk prksketne uen skrmk bk prukons quk pkrgmtmrîe bktkhtnr hlebmhmleks nelrgnaks ke ka trnesclrgnblr. ¡NRKEHMØE! Ks mgplrtnetk gkehmlenr, quk als trnesclrgnblrks bk pltkehmn y/l bmstrmouhmøe rnrngketk sk bkskekrimzne. Bkombl n kstl, ks mgplrtnetk kstnr prkpnrnbls pnrn quk, netk ue pnrl y bkskekrimznhmøe bka trnesclrgnblr, sk rknamhke prlhkbmgmketls bk mespkhhmøe y gnetkemgmketl. Prlirngn bk Prukons bk Gnetkemgmketl Eúgkrl

Prukon bk Gnetkemgmketl

Prlirngn

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Açqumbln)nmsanetk: _ksmstkehmn bmkaíhtrmhn o) Nhmbkz h) Hlalr

Neuna

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_ksmstkehmn bk nmsangmketl: çebmhk bk planrmznhmøe y noslrhmøe

Neuna

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Cnhtlr bk pltkehmn

Neuna

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Prukon bk rkanhmøe

Neuna

Ks mgplrtnetk an rmiurlsmbnb hle an quk sk aakvn n hnol kstk prlirngn, slork tlbl na prmehmpml, puks an inrnetçn bka kqumpl bkpkebk bk als rkimstrls bka gnetkemgmketl k mespkhhmleks. Bk el tkekrals, ka cnormhnetk el bnrî emeiuen inrnetçn em bk gnan lpkrnhmøe, em bk gntkrmnaks gntkrmnaks bkckhtulsls. N trnvís bka tmkgpl, ka pkrslena bk gnetkemgmketl bktkrgmenrî bktkrgmenrî gkjlr, bk nhukrbl n sus ekhksmbnbks, sm als

metkrvnals bk tmkgpl bk mespkhhmøe y gnetkemgmketl gnetkemgmketl bkokrîe skr gîs hlrtls. Kstl sk dnrî bkpkebmkebl bka tngnþl k mgplrtnehmn bka skrvmhml, an alhnamznhmøe ke ka smstkgn y ans hlebmhmleks bk lpkrnhmøe, hlgl pukbke skr an tkgpkrnturn ngomketk y ans hlebmhmleks ntglscírmhns. RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

HNPÇR[AL >0: Cnaans >0. ? Cnaans ke ka Kqumpl Nuxmamnr Prlirngn bk Mespkhhmøe pnrn Kqumpls Nuxmamnrks Als kqumpls l nhhkslrmls bka trnesclrgnblr tngomíe bkoke mespkhhmlenrsk rkiuanrgketk. N hletmeunhmøe sk prksketn ue prlirngn bk mespkhhmøe pnrn nhhkslrmls y kqumpls nuxmamnrks mebmhnebl nhtmvmbnb y crkhukehmn. Netks bk memhmnr memhmnr ka prlirngn sk rkqumkrk quk ka trnesclrgnblr skn bkshlekhtnbl.

Prlirngn bk Mespkhhmøe pnrn Kqumpls Nuxmamnrks Eúgkrl

Mespkhhmlenr

Prlirngn rkhlgkebnbl

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Rnequk, nhhkslrmls y kgpnquks plr cuins, kth.

Xkgkstrna

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Bmsplsmtmvls bk amokrnhmøe bk prksmøe

Rrmgkstrna

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Olqumaans

Xkgkstrna

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Npnrtnrrnyls

Xkgkstrna

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Hngomnblrks bk bkrmvnhmøe (RNP)

Xkgkstrna

3

Kqumpl bk hletrla, rkakvnblrks y hmrhumtls

9

Hlekxmleks n tmkrrn

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Nanrgns bk prltkhhmøe

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Neîamsms bk ins

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Prukon bk prksmøe bk olomens bk kecrmngmketl l metkrhngomnblr bk hnalr kxtkrel

Gkesuna Xkgkstrna Gkesuna Xkgkstrna

Neuna

RT-RKP-0008  

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Nekxl

HNPÇR[AL >0: Cnaans >0. 8 Cnaans ke als Bkvnenbls Prlirngn bk Mespkhhmøe pnrn Rrnesclrgnblrks hle Cnaan Mehmpmketk N hletmeunhmøe ke an tnoan sk prksketn ue prlirngn bk mespkhhmøe (nhtmvmbnb y crkhukehmn) pnrn ue trnesclrgnblr quk gukstrn ue hlgplrtngmketl nelrgna l bk cnaan el crnehn.

Prlirngn bk Mespkhhmøe pnrn Rrnesclrgnblrks hle Cnaan Mehmpmketk Eúgkrl

Mespkhhmlenr

Prlirngn rkhlgkebnbl Hnbn dlrn usl bka rkimstrnblr

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Hlrrmketk bk hnrin (N)

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Slatnjk

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Rkgpkrnturn ngomketk

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Rkgpkrnturn bk als bkvnenbls

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Rkgpkrnturn bka nhkmtk

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Prksmøe bk ins (tnequk)

Hnbn dlrn

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Emvka bka nhkmtk

Bmnrml

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Kqumpl bk skaanbl nutlgîtmhl bk ins: n) Mebmhnblr bk prksmøe bk ins trnesclrgnblr

Bmnrml

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Rrnesclrgnblrks tmpl skhl (kecrmnbls hle nmrk clrznbl) n tkgpkrnturn bka nmrk ketrnebl y snamkebl.

Hnbn dlrn