Traffic Volume survey

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

INTRODUCTION: Traffic Volume is the number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period. Traffic volume is used as a quantity measure of flow, the commonly used units are vehicles per day and vehicles per hour.

OBJECTIVES & NEED OF STUDY: One of the fundamental measures of traffic on a road is the volume of traffic using the road in a given interval of time. It is also termed as flow and it is expressed in vehicles per hour or vehicle per day. When the traffic is composed of a number of vehicles, it is the normal practice to convert the flow into equivalent Passenger-Car Unit (PCU), by using certain equivalency factors. The flow is then expressed as PCUs per hour or PCUs per day. Knowing the flow characteristics one can easily determine whether a particular section of the road is handling traffic much above or below its capacity. If a traffic is heavy, the road suffers from congestion with consequent loss in journey speeds. lower the speeds causes ecomonicloss to the community due to time lost by the occupants of the vehicles and the higer operational cost of vehicles.Congesion also lead to traffic hazards. There for traffic volume data are require to draw up schemes for improvement of road network and also to allocate the scare economic resources most advantageously. If a traffic flow data are available over the past number of years, the rate at which traffic flow has increased in the past can be easily determined. Extrapolating the past trend into the future ,a reasonable indication of the future rate of growth of traffic is made possible. If a average annual flow and the length of the highway are known, the annual vehicle kms of travel can easily be computed. Road pavement design pertaining to numbers of commercial vehicles using a road. The maintenance needs of a highway is often based on the traffic using the road. Traffic regulatory and control systems are designed on the basis of accurate vehicle floe data. The design signal and road junction are possible only if, among other things, the vehicle flow data are available.

METHODS FOR COUNTING TRAFFIC VOLUME: (1) Mechanical counters (2) Manual counts

(1) Mechanical counters: These may be either fixed (permanent) type or portable type. The mechanical counter can automatically record the total number of vehicles crossing a section of the road in a desired period. The working may be by the effect of impulses or stimuli caused by traffic

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

movement on a pneumatic hose placed across the roadway or by using any other of sensor. Traffic count is recorded by electrically operated counters and recorders capable of recording the impulses. The impulses caused by vehicles of light weight may not be enough in some cases to actuate. The main advantages of mechanical counter is that it can work throughout the day and night for the desired period, recording the total hourly volume, which may not be practicable in manual counting. The main drawback of the mechanical counter is that it is not possible to get the traffic volumes of various classes of traffic in the steram and the details of turning movements. (2)Manual counts: This method employs a field team to record traffic volume on the prescribed record sheets. By this method it is possible to obtain data which can not be collected by mechanical counters, such as vehicle classification, turning movements and counts where the loading condition or number of occupants are required. But it is not practicable to have manual count for all the 24 hours of the day .Hence it is necessary to resort to statically sampling techniques in order to cut down the manual hours involved in talking complete counts, First the fluctuation of traffic volume during the hours of day and the daily variations are observed. Then by selecting typical short count period, the traffic volume study is made by manual counting. Then by statistical analysis the peak hourly traffic volumes as well as the average daily traffic volumes are calculated. This method is very commonly adopted due to the specific advantages over other methods.

PRESENTATION OF TRAFFIC VOLUME DATA: The data collected during the traffic volume studies are sorted out and are presented in any of the following forms depending upon the requirements. (a) Annual average daily traffic (AADT or ADT) of the total traffic as well as classified traffic are calculated. This helps in deciding the relative importance of a route and in phasing the road development programme. In order to convert the different vehicle classes to one class such as passenger car, conversion factors known as passenger Car units(PCU) are used. (b) Trend charts showing volume trends over period of years are prepared. These data are useful for planning future expansion, design and regulation. (c) Variation charts showing hourly, daily and seasonal variations are also prepared .These help in deciding the facilities and regulation needed during peak traffic periods. (d) Traffic flow maps along the routes,(the thickness of the lines representing the traffic volume to any desired scales),are drawn. These helps to find the traffic volume distribution at a glance. (e) Volume flow diagram at intersection at either drawn to a certain scale or indicating traffic volume . Thus showing the detais of crossing and turning traffic.These data are needed for intersection design. (f) Thirties highest hourly volume or the design hourly volume is found from the plot between hourly volume and the number of hours in an year that the traffic volume is exceeded.The 30th highest hourly volume is the hourly volume that will be exceeded

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

only 29 times in a year and all other hourly volumes of the year will be lessthan this volume.the annual average hourly volume (AAHV) FOUND FROM aadt will not be sufficient during considerable perioad of an year.The high facilities designed with capacity for 30th highest hourly traffic volume in the assumed year is found to be satisfactory from both facility and economic considerations.There will be congestion only during 29 hours in the year.thus the thirtieth highest hourly volume is generally taken as the hourly volume for design.Thus the thirtieth highest houly volume is generally taken as the houly volume for design.The design hourly volume thus arrived at need not necessarily be the thirtieth highest hourly volume in all cases.

CASE STUDY OF TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY: Traffic Volume study was carried out at kamrej Junction by Surat Urban Development Authority. The survey was carried out by Civil Engineering Department of SVNIT on August 20-21, 2010. The following steps ware performed for traffic volume study: (1)Preparation of site layout (2)Vehicle Count Survey (3)Traffic Volume Survey Analysis • Analysis of Traffic Volume Composition • Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr(MODE WISE) • Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr(DIRECTION WISE) (1)Preparation of site layout:

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

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(2)Vehicle Count Survey: Volume Count data is as following: Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr (Mode wise) onDate:20/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction Time

Cycl e

Cart

2Wheelere s

3Wheelere s

Other s

4Wheelere s

LCV

Bus

Truc k

Total Veh./h r

8:00 to 9:00 9:00 to

33

8

1018

327

28

503

183

77

103

2280

10:00 10:00 to 11:00 11:00 to 12:00 12:00 to 13:00 13:00 to 14:00 14:00 to 15:00 15:00 to 16:00 16:00 to 17:00 17:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 19:00 19:00 to 20:00 20:00 to 21:00 21:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 23:00 23:00 to 24:00 24:00 to 1:00

19

4

1436

459

16

857

192

67

121

3171

14

2

1439

524

140

832

202

56

120

3329

33

1

1850

576

4

1002

180

59

130

3835

26

3

1503

443

7

850

198

38

165

3233

26

0

194

302

28

803

208

66

139

2766

65

17

1134

297

14

806

224

88

134

2779

24

14

1205

318

8

810

202

152

145

2878

76

23

2320

657

259

1114

299

68

166

4982

119

13

3309

715

22

1135

201

82

124

5720

131

5

3284

623

19

1197

190

92

123

5664

121

13

2792

460

15

963

198

71

91

4724

69

8

2235

335

24

721

115

85

65

3657

27

7

1232

219

10

504

89

59

68

2215

6

1

644

119

8

300

64

91

44

1277

2

2

286

55

0

241

38

118

47

789

1

5

156

39

0

158

21

73

83

536

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

1:00 to 2:00 2:00 to 3:00 2:00 3:00 to

0

1

37

14

0

108

15

31

68

274

0

0

29

13

0

79

13

31

45

210

4:00 4:00 to

0

2

22

11

0

79

29

41

57

241

5:00 5:00 to

1

8

57

35

2

74

39

81

57

354

6:00 6:00 to

11

12

132

75

7

171

36

99

53

596

7:00 7:00 to

91

10

361

255

1

312

47

117

80

1274

8:00

42

39

642

293

17

347

937 1.61

198 0.34

28317 48.51

7164 12.27

629 1.08

13966 23.93

101 184 3 3.16

55 228 3 3.91

1585

Total %

49 303 2 5.19

58369 100

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr (Mode wise) onDate:20/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction Time

Cycl e

Cart

2Wheelere s

3Wheelere s

Other s

4Wheelere s

LCV

Bus

Truc k

Total Veh./h r

8:00 to 9:00 9:00 to 10:00 10:00 to 11:00 11:00 to 12:00 12:00 to 13:00 13:00 to 14:00 14:00 to 15:00 15:00 to 16:00 16:00 to 17:00

16.5 16.0

763.5

654.0

56.0

503.0

256. 2

169. 4

226. 6

26661 .2

8.0

1077.0

918.0

32.0

857.0

268. 8

147. 4

266. 2

3583. 9

7.0

4.0

1079.3

1048.0

280.0

832.0

282. 8

123. 2

264. 0

3920. 3

16.5

2.0

1387.5

1152.0

8.0

1002.0

252. 0

129. 8

286. 0

4235. 8

13.0

6.0

1127.3

886.0

14.0

850.0

277. 2

83.6

363. 0

3620. 1

13.0

0.0

895.5

604.0

56.0

803.0

291. 2

145. 2

305. 8

3113. 7

32.5

34.0

850.5

594.0

28.0

806.0

313. 6

193. 6

294. 8

3147. 0

12.0

28.0

903.8

636.0

16.0

810.0

282. 6

334. 4

319. 0

3342. 0

38.0

46.0

1740.0

1314.0

518.0

1114.0

418. 6

149. 6

365. 2

5703. 4

9.5

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

17:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 19:00 19:00 to 20:00 20:00 to 21:00 21:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 23:00 23:00 to 24:00 24:00 to 1:00 1:00 to 2:00 2:00 to 3:00 3:00 to 4:00 4:00 to 5:00 5:00 to 6:00 6:00 to 7:00 7:00 to 8:00 Total %

201 0

59.5

26.0

2481.8

1430.0

44.0

1135.0

281. 4

180. 4

272. 8

5910. 9

65.5

10.0

2463.0

1246.0

38.0

1197.0

266. 0

202. 4

270. 6

5758. 5

60.5

26.0

2094.0

920.0

30.0

963.0

277. 2

156. 2

200. 2

4727. 1

34.5

16.0

1676.3

670.0

48.0

721.0

161. 0

187. 0

143. 0

3656. 8

13.5

14.0

924.0

438.0

20.0

504.0

124. 6

129. 8

149. 6

2317. 5

3.0

2.0

483.0

238.0

16.0

300.0

89.6

200. 2

96.8

1428. 6

1.0

4.0

214.5

110.0

0.0

241.0

53.2

259. 6

103. 4

986.7

0.5

10.0

117.0

78.0

0.0

158.0

29.4

160. 6

182. 6

736.1

0.0

2.0

27.8

28.0

0.0

108.0

21.0

68.2

149. 6

404.6

00.0

0.0

21.8

26.0

0.0

79.0

18.2

68.2

99.0

312.2

0.0

4.0

16.5

22.0

0.0

79.0

40.6

90.2

125. 4

377.7

0.5

16.0

42.8

70.0

4.0

74.0

54.6

178. 2

125. 4

565.5

5.5

24.0

99.0

150.0

14.0

171.0

50.4

217. 8

116. 0

848.3

45.5

20.0

270.8

510.0

2.0

312.0

65.8

257. 4

176. 0

1659. 5

21.0 468. 5 0.72

78.0 396. 0 0.61

481.5

586.0

347.0

21237.8 32.69

14328.0 22.05

34.0 1258. 0 1.94

68.6 4244 .8 6.53

222. 2 4054 .6 6.24

121. 0 5022 .6 7.73

1959. 3 64976 .3 100.0

13966.0 21.49

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr (Mode wise) onDate:21/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction Time

Cycl e

Cart

2Wheelere s

3Wheelere s

Other s

4Wheelere s

LCV

Bus

Truc k

Total Veh./h r

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

8:00 to 9:00 9:00 to

48

2

1117

436

40

706

162

69

149

2729

10:00 10:00 to 11:00 11:00 to 12:00 12:00 to 13:00 13:00 to 14:00 14:00 to 15:00 15:00 to 16:00 16:00 to 17:00 17:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 19:00 19:00 to 20:00 20:00 to 21:00 21:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 23:00 23:00 to 24:00 24:00 to 1:00 1:00 to

25

3

1357

413

14

948

190

63

113

3126

24

1

1866

647

11

1087

230

51

102

4019

32

1

1964

557

19

1189

246

68

138

4214

37

2

1793

393

13

852

182

51

117

3440

19

0

1498

405

12

915

229

72

140

3290

12

0

1515

422

20

833

196

67

151

3216

44

5

1405

431

23

865

157

84

132

3146

81

17

2447

622

15

1159

279

65

152

4837

97

14

3062

599

14

1315

194

93

101

5489

158

13

3485

650

27

1253

210

89

141

6026

93

9

3110

522

13

1191

162

96

106

5302

58

28

2381

411

0

830

112

105

70

3995

21

12

1178

276

3

625

104

150

67

2436

10

8

552

120

10

434

46

97

48

1325

4

0

303

59

2

310

30

111

48

867

0

0

86

26

0

181

22

90

79

484

2:00 2:00 to 3:00 2:00 3:00 to

0

0

64

25

0

138

18

39

61

345

0

0

36

14

0

87

16

39

50

4:00 4:00 to

0

0

46

30

102

41

3

65

337

5:00 5:00 to

4 3

0 2

69 102

42 77

95 138

18 25

87 106

48 59

364 512

0 1 0

242

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

201 0

6:00 6:00 to 7:00 7:00 to

35

5

332

120

13

331

42

109

70

1057

8:00

73

5

508

297

5

325

887 1.41

127 0.20

330276 48.66

7594 12.21

225 0.41

15909 25.57

92 194 6 3.13

69 227 6 3.66

1421

Total %

47 295 8 4.75

62219 100.0

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr (Mode wise) onDate:21/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction Time

Cycl e

Cart

2Wheelere s

3Wheelere s

Other s

4Wheeler es

LCV

Bus

Truc k

Total Veh./h r

8:00 to 9:00 9:00 to 10:00 10:00 to 11:00 11:00 to 12:00 12:00 to 13:00 13:00 to 14:00 14:00 to 15:00 15:00 to 16:00 16:00 to 17:00 17:00 to 18:00 18:00 to 19:00 19:00 to 20:00 20:00 to 21:00

24.0

4.0

837.8

872.0

80.0

706.0

226. 8

151. 8

327. 8

3230. 2

12.5

6.0

1017.8

826.0

28.0

948.0

266. 0

138. 6

248. 6

3491. 5

12.0

2.0

1399.5

1294.0

22.0

1087.0

322. 0

112. 2

224. 4

4475. 1

16.0

2.0

1473.0

1114.0

38.0

1189.0

3444

149. 6

303. 6

4629. 6

18.5

4.0

1344.8

786.0

26.0

852.0

254. 8

112. 2

257. 4

3655. 7

9.5

0.0

1123.5

810.0

24.0

915.0

320. 6

158. 4

308. 0

3669. 0

6.0

0.0

1136.6

844.0

40.0

833.0

274. 4

147. 4

332. 2

3613. 3

22.0

10.0

1053.8

862.0

46.0

865.0

219. 8

184. 8

290. 4

3553. 8

40.5

34.0

1835.3

1244.0

30.0

1159.0

390. 6

143. 0

334. 4

5210. 8

48.5

28.0

2296.5

1198.0

28.0

1315.0

271. 6

204. 6

222. 2

5612. 4

79.0

26.0

2613.8

1300.0

54.0

1253.0

294. 0

195. 8

310. 2

6125. 8

46.5

18.0

2332.5

1044.0

26.0

1191.0

226. 8

211. 2

233. 2

5329. 2

29.0

56.0

1785.8

822.0

0.0

830.0

156. 8

231. 0

154. 0

4064. 6

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

21:00 to 22:00 22:00 to 23:00 23:00 to 24:00 24:00 to 1:00 1:00 to 2:00 2:00 to 3:00 3:00 to 4:00 4:00 to 5:00 5:00 to 6:00 6:00 to 7:00 7:00 to 8:00 Total %

201 0

10.5

24.0

883.5

552.0

6.0

625.0

145. 6

330. 0

147. 4

2724. 0

5.0

16.0

414.0

240.0

20.0

434.0

64.4

213. 4

105. 6

1512. 4

2.0

0.0

227.3

118.0

4.0

310.0

42.0

244. 2

105. 6

1053. 1

0.0

0.0

64.5

52.0

0.0

181.0

30.8

198. 0

173. 8

700.1

0.0

0.0

48.0

50.0

0.0

138.0

25.5

85.8

134. 2

481.2

0.0

0.0

27.0

28.0

0.0

87.0

22.4

85.8

110. 0

360.2

0.0

0.0

34.5

60.0

0.0

1020

57.4

116. 6

143. 0

513.5

2.0

0.0

51.8

84.0

2.0

95.0

25.2

191. 4

105. 6

557.0

1.5

4.0

76.5

154.0

0.0

138.0

35.0

233. 2

129. 8

772.0

17.5

10.0

249.0

240.0

26.0

331.0

58.8

239. 8

154. 0

1326. 1

36.5 439. 0 0.64

10.0 254. 00 0.37

381.0

594.0

10.0

325.0

22707.0 33.18

15188.0 22.19

510. 0.75

15909.0 23.25

65.8 4141 .2 6.05

202. 4 4281 .2 6.26

151. 8 5007 .2 7.32

1776. 5 68436 .6 100.0

(3)Traffic Volume Survey Analysis: 3.1 Analysis of Traffic Volume Composition:The summary of collected data is as following. Sr.N o.

A B C D E F G

Type of Vehicle

Cycle Cart 2-Wheelers 3-Wheelers 4-Wheelers LCV Bus

% of Total Vehicle 20/08/20 10 1.61 0.34 48.51 12.27 1.08 23.93 5.19

% of Total Volume in PCU/day

21/08/20 20/08/20 21/08/20 10 10 10 1.41 0.72 0.64 0.2 0.61 0.37 48.66 32.69 33.18 12.21 22.05 22.19 0.41 1.94 0.75 25.57 21.49 23.25 4.75 6.53 6.05

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

H I

Truck Others

3.16 3.91

3.13 3.66

6.24 7.73

6.26 7.32

3.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr(DIRECTION WISE) •

FROM SURAT SIDE:

•

FROM KIM SIDE:

•

FROM KADODARA SIDE:

•

FROM KAMREJ SIDE:

201 0

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

3.3 Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr(MODEWISE)

201 0