Traffic Volume Analysis: A Case Study on Politeknik Seberang Perai Intersection at Jalan Permatang Pauh, Penang Muhammad Emir Harith Bin Rasid1, Mohd Azuan Tukiar2 Corresponding Author:
[email protected] 1,2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang
ABSTRACT: Traffic congestion have become a major problem along Jalan Permatang Pauh during morning and evening peak hour. Therefore, the analysis of traffic congestion need to be implemented to reduce the problem at Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection. Thus, traffic volume study carried out at a signalized 4-leg intersection by using the SIDRA Intersection 6 Software. There are three parameters to analysed in this thesis: traffic volume, phase time, level of service for each of the approaches for this intersection. All factors analysed under three parameters to determine the level of service (LOS) of the intersection were contributing equally and correlates with each other and there was not one that exceeds the other factor. The existing result for level of service (LOS) is mostly LOS F. After proposed new phase time, the LOS at Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection becomes LOS C. Keyword: traffic volume, traffic congestion, LOS, phase time 1. INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion is a major problem in Jalan Permatang Pauh. The condition become worst in a peak hour where increasing number of vehicle contribute to the traffic congestion in that area. Jalan Permatang Pauh is 3111 Federal Road and industrial federal road in Pulau Pinang. Besides that, Jalan Permatang Pauh is a main road to North – South Expressway (PLUS) connected by Permatang Pauh Interchange and its also a main road to Butterworth – Kulim Expressway (BKE). Mostly Jalan Permatang Pauh was constructed by using Standard Jalan JKR R5 that give the road user maximum speed up to 90 km/h, with 3-meter minimum lane width by [3]. Furthermore, there are many junctions at Jalan Permatang Pauh that connect to the main region such as Kulim, Seberang Jaya and Bukit Mertajam. One of the main junction in Jalan Permatang Pauh is shown in Figure 1. One of the junction is located near to the Politeknik Seberang Perai. The junction has four main road as shown in Figure 1. Bad traffic congestion alway happens in this junction. Therefore, the main reason this research paper is made is to propose a new phase timing for the Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection based on current traffic condition data. North Major road: Jalan Permatang Pauh
West Jalan Politeknik Seberang Perai
East Jalan Pauh Jaya
South Major road: Jalan Permatang Pauh Figure 1: Signalized 4-leg Intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai, Penang.
2. METHODOLOGY For this paper, the data were collected at a junction near Seberang Perai Polytechnic. The time set for collecting traffic data is Monday and Friday at 7am to 9am and 5pm to 7pm respectively. The data set time collection is based on the study paper [5, 6]. Traffic data is recorded through manual vehicle count using multi gang tally counter. Traffic data was taken for the four intersections and recorded every 15 minutes. The results of the traffic data collected were then analysed by using the SIDRA Intersection 6 software to obtain Level of Service at the intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. SIDRA Intersection 6 software is used to obtain new Phase Timing in order to improve the Level of Service for intersections near Politeknik Seberang Perai. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Traffic Volume and Flow Pattern Analysis Figure 2 shown amount of traffic that had been recorded for junction near Politeknik Seberang Perai in Monday at 7am to 9am. Based on Figure 2, almost vehicle using that road is car with 428 cars on 7am to 9am. Meanwhile, motorcycle recorded with second highest with 488 motor and lorry (all-type axle) third highest with 6 lorries recorded. Based on the frequency vehicle pattern, all type of vehicle mostly has highest reading on 7.30am to 7.45am and the frequency vehicle pattern is decreasing at 9am. Figure 3 shown amount of traffic recorded at Politeknik Seberang Perai Junction on Friday at 5pm to 7pm. Based on figure 3, highest vehicle motor that using the junction is also a car with 445 cars recorded. Meanwhile, motorcycle recorded as the second highest with 101 motorcycle and lorry (all-type axle) third highest with 10 lorries recorded. Based on the frequency vehicle pattern, all types of vehicle shown an increasing value at 5pm to 5.15pm and the frequency vehicle pattern is decreasing at 7pm.
No of Vehicle in PCU/hr
Graph No. of Vehicle in PCU/hr versus time(minutes) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
411
382
334
428
270
335
320
CAR
302
MOTORCYCLE
70.84
85.14
2.38
4.76
88.66
87.12
5.95
3.57
80 3.57
LORRY
80.74
75.68
70.62
3.57
3.57
5.95
7.00-7.15 7.15-7.30 7.30-7.45 7.45-8.00 8.00-8.15 8.15-8.30 8.30-8.45 8.45-9.00
Time (minutes)
Figure 2: Traffic Volume at Politeknik Seberang Perai Intersection during Monday (7.00 am-9.00 am)
No of Vehicle in PCU/hr
Graph No. of Vehicle in PCU/hr versus time(minutes) 500 400
431 445
420
400
353 394
300
315
304
MOTORCYCLE LORRY
200 96.14 100 0
CAR
7.14
100.98
87.12
89.76
87.34
84.04
7.14
8.33
9.52
4.76
2.38
76.78 2.38
69.96 1.19
5.00-5.15 5.15-5.30 5.30-5.45 5.45-6.00 6.00-6.15 6.15-6.30 6.30-6.45 6.45-7.00
Time (minutes)
Figure 3: Traffic Volume at Politeknik Seberang Perai Intersection during Friday (5.00 pm-7.00 pm)
Based on Figure 2 and Figure 3, it can be concluded that car is the biggest contributors to traffic congestion at Politeknik Seberang Perai junction. This become a part toward a main contributor toward the traffic congestion in Jalan Permatang Pauh. The result is supported by previous research [1, 4, 8], where it stated that so many cars using the road in one time will contribute to the traffic congestion. Besides that, one of the factor that has been identified contribute to the use of many private vehicle because of the lack of efficient transport system in Jalan Permatang Pauh. Because of that, Majlis Perbandaran Seberang Perai must increase the number of public transportation so local people can use the public transportation to reduce the number of vehicle on the road. Therefore, the solution can reduce the traffic congestion in Jalan Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang. Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Analysis Based on the traffic data that has been obtained, the data has been incorporated into the SIDRA software to obtain LOS for the intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. Table 1 shows the existing data that has been recorded for the intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. The data obtained to determine LOS at intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. The existing data has shown that the average LOS at the intersection is LOS F on Monday at 7 am - 9 am. Similarly, at 5pm - 7pm Friday, the average LOS is LOS F. From the data, it shows that there is severe traffic jams occurred at intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. Table 1: The existing Level of Service (LOS) summary at Politeknik Seberang Prai Intersection Intersection at Politeknik Seberang Prai South: Jalan Permatang Pauh (Major Road) Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 Lane 4 Average East: Politeknik Seberang Prai Lane 1 Average North: Jalan Permatang Pauh (Major Road) Lane 1 Lane 2 Lane 3 Average West: Jalan Pauh Jaya (Minor Road) Lane 1 Lane 2 Average Average Intersection
Lane width (m)
Monday (7am8am)
Level of Service (LOS) Monday Friday (8am(5pm9am) 6pm)
Friday (6pm7pm)
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
LOS A LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS A LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS E
LOS A LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS A LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
3.3
LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F
3.3 3.3 3.3
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
3.3 3.3
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
LOS F LOS F LOS F LOS F
Proposed new traffic flow From the data in Table 1, it shows that there is severe traffic jams occurred at intersection near Politeknik Seberang Perai. One of the factor observed, the traffic signal at the junction near Politeknik Seberang Perai has too long traffic delay, therefore, the vehicle from other direction must wait longer. When it is has higher traffic stop, it will cause traffic congestion and give an impact on the road near the junction. Thus, it is suggested that longer signal timing is unsuitable for rapid development population area. Figure 4 shows the phase at Politeknik Seberang Perai. Table 2 shows that the existing phase time data and proposed new phase time at the intersection of Politeknik Seberang Perai. Existing phase time for traffic signal on Monday (7am to 9am) for phase A and C was 160 seconds, while the existing phase time in phase B and D is 60 seconds. The new phase time for Monday (7 am until 9 am) at the intersection is proposed to 40 seconds for phase A and phase C and for phase B and phase D proposed to 15 seconds. Table 3 shows that the existing phase time data and proposed new phase time at the intersection of Politeknik Seberang Perai. Existing phase time for traffic signal on Friday (5 pm to 7 pm) is 180 seconds for phase A and C while the existing phase time in phase B and D is 60 seconds. The new phase time for Friday (5 pm until 7 pm)
at the intersection is proposed to 40 seconds for phase A and phase C and for phase B and phase D proposed to 20 seconds. Table 4 shows Level of Service (LOS) before and after proposed new phase timing at Politeknik Seberang Prai Intersection. From Table 4, it shows that all the proposed phase time has enhance the LOS at the Politeknik Seberang Prai Intersection. Since the traffic stop has reduced, the traffic will move faster and it will not interfere with the other roads or intersections near the junction at Politeknik. The proposed phase time is supported by previous research [2], where it stated that the phase time could not be longer time to wait to avoid from traffic congestion for the other phase.
Figure 4: Phase on Politeknik Seberang Prai intersection Table 2: Phasing timing summary results at Politeknik Seberang Prai intersection on Monday (7.00 am – 9.00 am) before and after proposed the new phase timing.
Phase
Before
After
Monday morning (7.00 am - 9.00 am) A B C D
Monday morning (7.00 am - 9.00 am) A B C D
Green Time (sec)
154
54
154
54
34
9
34
9
Yellow Time (sec)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
All-Red Time (sec)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Phase Time (sec)
160
60
160
60
40
15
40
15
Table 3: Phasing timing summary results at Politeknik Seberang Prai intersection on Friday (5.00 pm – 7.00 pm) before and after proposed the new phase timing.
Phase
Before
After
Friday evening (5.00 pm - 7.00 pm) A B C D
Friday evening (5.00 pm - 7.00 pm) A B C D
Green Time (sec)
174
54
174
54
34
14
34
14
Yellow Time (sec)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
All-Red Time (sec)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Phase Time (sec)
180
60
180
60
40
20
40
20
Table 4: Level of Service (LOS) before and after proposed new phase timing at Politeknik Seberang Prai Intersection. Before
After
Level of Service (LOS)
Level of Service (LOS)
Intersection at Politeknik Seberang Prai
Lane Width (m)
Lane 1
3.3
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
LOS A
Lane 2
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
Lane 3
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
Lane 4
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
Average LOS F East: Politeknik Seberang Prai Lane 1 3.3 LOS F
LOS E
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
Monday (7am(8am8am) 9am) South: Jalan Permatang Pauh (Major Road)
Average
LOS F
Friday (5pm- (6pm6pm) 7pm)
Monday (7am(8am8am) 9am)
Friday (5pm- (6pm6pm) 7pm)
North: Jalan Permatang Pauh (Major Road) Lane 1
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS D
LOS C
LOS C
Lane 2
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
Lane 3
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS D
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS D
LOS D
Average
West: Jalan Pauh Jaya (Minor Road) Lane 1
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
Lane 2
3.3
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS F
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
LOS C
Average Average Intersection 4. CONCLUSION
From the study of traffic volume analysis in Jalan Permatang Pauh, it can be solved by the proposed new phase time at Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection. Therefore, by the proposed new phase time the traffic congestion will reduced at Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection. The better LOS can improved the traffic free flow for the road users at near Politeknik Seberang Perai intersection. Based on the result of analysis, the value of LOS in Politeknik Seberang Prai intersection was LOS C 5. REFERENCES 1. 2.
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8.
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