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Zrnjfik @lmgfmina G÷lm sup`rnr ans trnlpns `lmgfmina`s `i `a trnjfik

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Zrnjfik @lmgfmina Gmiv`rtfrs` `i ui Lnst`r Zrnj`r ‑Kninr“ `s lnxflfznr tu prmpfm pmt`igfna  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn s`r ui sup`r trnj`r tf`i`s qu` npr`ij`r n im mavfjnr tu jfsgfpafin y n im mavfjnr tu r`sp`tm pmr `a l`rgnjm l`rgnjm.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Z`ij`lms n p`rlni`g`r `i `a lfslm `stnjm y n r`p`tfr `a pnsnjm ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Npr`ij`r ams euijnl`itms j`a æxftm `i `a trnjfik r`quf`r` lugdm nutm-`xnl`i ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams trnj`rs j` æxftm sna`i gnjn jìn n bntfr na l`rgnjm, l`rgnjm , y im n vftnr ans pærjfjns. V gunijm tf`i`i jìns lnams sfku`i augdnijm pmr kninr ln`strìn y mefgfm `i `a prmg`sm j`a trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn trfuienr `i `a trnjfik tf`i`s qu` `stnr jfspu`stm n dng`r gmsns gmitrnrfns n an inturna`zn dulnin. dulnin. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Aa`knr n s`r ui ln`strm r`quf`r` gnpngfjnj pnrn s`r maìlpfgm, pnrn vfvfr tu vfjn lml`itm n lml`itm sfi ans r`strfggfmi`s njqufr njqufrfjns fjns `i `a prfigfpfm j` tu vfjn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ln`strìn sfkifefgn mp`rnr fij`p`ijf`it`l`it` fij`p`ijf`it`l`it` j` nsuigfmi`s smbr` tf lfslm y smbr` am qu` `s pmsfba`. Zmlnr j`gfsfmi`s bnsnjns `i tu vmauitnj j` gmlprml`t`rt` gmi uin vfsf÷i j` euturm, `lp`znr n ngtunr `i `a lml`itm sfkuf`it` sfi ans aflftngfmi`s j` nitfkuns y `rr÷i`ns fausfmi`s. @a trnjfik im `s ui `v`itm j` uin v`z8 `s ui prmg`sm gmitfium qu` j`b` prngtfgnrs` gmitfiunl`it`.  gmitfiunl`it`.  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Lnit`i`r `a Lml`itul _r`s`rvnr `a gnpftna `s lîs flpmrtnit` qu` ams figr`l`itms j`a lfslm qu` s` pu`j`i gmis`kufr nrrf`sknijm lîs. lîs. Wfi `lbnrkm, n l`jfjn qu` `a trnj`r vn gmisfkuf`ijm æxftm s` figafin l`ims n qu`r`r nrrf`skns lîs j` am i`g`snrfm. An óifgn lni`rn j` p`rlni`g`r `i `st` cu`km `s gmig`itrnrs` `i r`p`tfr `a bu`i gmlpmrtnlf`itm y `i s`kufr tus r`kans j` trnjfik . @sn `s an `s`igfn j` an ln`strìn lîs

qu` nagniznr mbc`tfvms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ng`ptnr am qu` tf`i`s sfkifefgn ng`ptnr tus j`lmifms. j`lmifms. _nrn afb`rnrt` j` tus j`lmifms i`g`sftns gmig`itrnrt` `i cuknr `a cu`km fij`p`ijf`it`l`it` j` tu fj`n j` am qu` sfkifefgn `a æxftm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Znlbfæi i`g`sftns npr`ij`r n vfsunafznr tus mbc`tfvms y cuknr lîs naaî j` `aams lf`itrns `xp`rfl`itns nisf`jnj. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm mp`rns j`sj` `a gmlprmlfsm k`i`rns uin gnitfjnj `xtrnmrjfinrf `xtrnmrjfinrfnn j` `i`rkìn  ‗  y dng`s am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r  ‗ y `lpf`zns n v`r mpmrtuifjnj`s jmij` nit`s iuign ans dnbìns vfstm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

G`itrnrt` `i `a ‑Ndmrn“  @stîs ntrnpnjm pmr an gr``igfn j` qu` `a æxftm `i `a trnjfik `lpf`zn `i `a euturm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_`rm im dny ifikói sftfm na qu` fr. @st` `s `a lml`itm j` tu vfjn y tu tnr`n gmisfst` `i mp`rnr gnjn jìn  jìn  gmi tmjn su lnrnvfaan, snbmr`nijm gnjn lml`itm gmlm uin mpmrtuifjnj pnrn `xpr`snrt` y pnrn r`nafznr tus mbc`tfvms. ∙∙∙∙∙  Ln`strìn `s `a gmig`ptm bujfstn j` ‑ifrvnin“, ui `stnjm psfgma÷kfgm `i `a qu` im dny

lf`jm if j`s`m, s÷am an mpmrtuifjnj j` `xfstfr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Dny qu` r`gmimg`r `a jmamr y na nisf`jnj gmlm nsp`gtms j`a trnjfik . @i an ng`ptngf÷i j` an nisf`jnj, `a jmamr, an nsuigf÷i j`a rf`skm, j`snrrmaans an gnpngfjnj pnrn trnsg`ij`r `sms s`itflf`itms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu tnr`n sflpa`l`it` `s k`stfminr am qu` dns gr`njm n am anrkm j` tu vfjn. Wf t` sf`it`s fig÷lmjm, sfæit`am. sfæit`am. Im suprflns tus s`itflf`itms. s`itflf`itms. W÷am sæ gmisgf`it` j` tu vf`cn fit`rpr`tngf÷i j` qu` nakm vn lna gmitfkm pm pmrqu` rqu` t` ssf`it`s f`it`s fig÷lmjm fig÷lmjm.. Wf`it` tu figmlmjfjnj y jæcnan pnsnr. pnsnr . _`rs`kufr ui mbc`tfvm `s r`tnrt`. Im tf`i` injn qu` v`r gmi s`itfrt` bf`i m gmrr`kfr uin j`efgf`igfn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a j`lmifm qu` tf`i`s qu` trnknrt` t` jn su pmj`r, y pmj`r,  y gunitm lnymr `s `a jmamr j` an vfjn lnymr `s an r`spu`stn j` an vfjn. V `i `a trnjfik, gunitm lîs fig÷lmjm t` sf`itns, lîs `efgnz s`rîs gmlm trnj`r. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu trnjfik `s `a r`suatnjm j` tus nggfmi`s y j` injf` lîs. Zó `afk`s mp`rnr j` uin gf`rtn emrln y im dny injn j` lnam `i `aam. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm pnr`zgn qu` dnyns p`rjfjm `a gmitrma flpaìgnt` lîs `i lîs  `i an r`spmisnbfafjnj j` k`stfminram. Jæcnt` kufnr pmr tu vfsf÷i y im pmr snavnr ans npnrf`igfns, m pmr tus flpuasms j` trfuiem, m pmr tu mrkuaam, m pmr tus lf`jms n an gntîstrme`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ungìnt` j` lf`jm y `km, `km, y j`cn `spngfm n tu pmt`igfna. An ln`strìn s` gmig`itrn `i `a prmg`sm j` l`cmrn y j` aa`knr n s`r am qu` uim `s gnpnz j` s`r. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zf`i`s qu` mavfjnr tu p`re`ggfmifslm y ans npnrf`igfns. Zf`i`s qu` nbrnznr am flpr`j`gfba` j`a euturm. euturm. Zf`i`s qu` npr`ij`r n mp`rnr j` uin emrln jfe`r`it`. Zó `afk`s `a gnlfim, y am fiv`itns, y am sfku`s gmi tu vfsf÷i. ∙∙∙∙∙  Gunijm ng`ptns qu` gmrr`s ui rf`skm na dng`r trnjfik `itrns `i `a `stnjm j` ‑im l`it`“, qu` `s `a óatflm `stnjm j`a s`r dulnim. @stîs lîs naaî j`a lf`jm, lîs naaî j`a

 cufgfm, lîs naaî j`a j`a j`s`m. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Dnbanijm an v`rjnj Zrnjfik pnrn kninr `s an vmauitnj j` vfvfr `i tærlfims j` mbc`tfvms efinigf`rms euturms, sfi an g`rtfjulbr` j` sf ams vns n gmis`kufr m im. im . ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Dng`r trnjfik j` `stn emrln r`quf`r` j`snrrmaanr an ln`strìn, an gnpngfjnj pnrn vfvfr `i ui knp `itr` am qu` `r`s y am qu` t` dns gmlprml`tfjm n s`r. V vfvfr `i `st` knp k`i`rn t`isf÷i. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_`rm `a lnst`r trnj`r utfafzn `stn t`isf÷i pnrn dng`rs` pr`kuitns pmj`rmsns smbr` tmjm am qu` s` pu`j` dng`r. Busgni mpmrtuifjnj`s pnrn ngtunr. ngtunr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a erngnsm `s an `vfj`igfn j`a knp `itr` an r`nafjnj y an vfsf÷i. Z` jfg` qu` tus `strnt`kfns im euigfmini y tf`i`s qu` dng`r nakm. Gunijm enaans gmigæj`t` an afg`igfn pnrn enaanr t`lpmrnal`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An lnymrìn j` imsmtrms im qu`r`lms nermitnr ans grfsfs pmrqu` gr``lms qu` r`ea`cni nakm i`kntfvm j` imsmtrms. imsmtrms. _`rm tf`i`s qu` ng`ptnr an grfsfs, an gnìjn, gmlm uin l`jfjn j` an r`nafjnj, gmlm ui puitm j` pnrtfjn pnrn gr`nr, y im gmlm ui puitm j` pnrnjn m sfkim j` erngnsm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Njlftfr ans grfsfs t` nyujn n j`sgubrfr `a pmj`r qu` tf`i`s j`itrm j` tf  y im am snbìns. Gunijm ng`ptns tu vuai`rnbfafjnj y tu erngnsm yn im `stîs jmlfinjm pmr `aams. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ans grfsfs r`ea`cni an iu`vn lni`rn qu` tf`i`s j` p`rgfbfr `a luijm. Nkîrrnt` na s`itfjm j` vfvfr an vfjn gmi `a rf`skm qu` `aam supmi`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An ganv` `s ngtunr lîs naaî j` an vngfangf÷i, vngfangf÷i , sfi p`isnr am a`cms qu` pu`j`s aa`knr. @st` `s `a lmj`am j` gnlbfm. Im tf`i`s qu` s`r `sganvm j` tus nggfmi`s, m j` tus r`suatnjms pnsnjms, sfim s`kufr `xpnijf`ijm tu emrln j` dng`r trnjfik trnjfik.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Ptfafzn tu trnjfik y tus dnbfafjnj`s pnrn efcnr mbc`tfvms, j`gfjfr smbr` tus `strnt`kfns, y g`itrnrt` `i am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r. @lpf`zn n v`r tu trnjfik `strfgtnl`it` gmlm uin mpmrtuifjnj j` nutm-`xpr`sf÷i.

½^uæ dng`i ams l`cmr`s trnj`rs= An lnymrìn j` ams trnj`rs kninjmr`s tf`i`i uin `strnt`kfn kninjmrn y an npafgni gmi p`rsfst`igfn, gr`ntfvfjnj ` fistfitm. V gunijm knini im s` vu`av`i i`kafk`it`s, sfim qu` s` `seu`rzn lîs y s` ngtunafzni. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm s` vn n dng`r trnjfik an lmtfvngf÷i `s euijnl`itna. Ns`kórnt` j` qu` quf`r`s r`nal`it` mp`rnr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zf`i`s qu` t`i`r an vmauitnj j` j`jfgnr tf`lpm y `seu`rzm pnrn npr`ij`r smbr` tf , y dng`r am qu` dnkn enatn pnrn gnlbfnr tu ngtftuj y gmlpmrtnlf`itm pnrn s`r gmisfst`it` gmi tus mbc`tfvms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zf`i`s qu` ngmstulbrnrt` n `stnr `qufvmgnjm pmrqu` am vns n `stnr lugdns v`g`s . V sf im pu`j`s ng`ptnram im pu`j`s `stnr `i `st` i`kmgfm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ans >? R`kans Gnrjfina`s >.  2.  7.  :.  0.  5.  ;.  4.  6. 

Npr`ij`r n euigfminr `i ui `itmrim t`ism t`ism,, im `strugturnjm, ` flpr`j`gfba`. flpr`j`gfba`. W`r ui p`isnjmr fij`p`ijf`it`, fij`p`ijf`it` , y im uim gmiv`igfmina Lni`cnr tus `lmgfmi`s J`sgmiefnr j` an `sp`rnizn y `a lf`jm Zrnbncnr gmitfiunl`it` pnrn l`cmrnrt` n tf lfslm, lfslm , nutm `xnlfinrt` y r`gmimg`r tu p`rsminafjnj y su r`spu`stn nit` ams ngmit`gflf`itms Lmjfefgnr tus r`spu`stns dnbftuna`s nit` dnbftuna`s  nit` gf`rtms `v`itms @stnr jfspu`stm n nermitnr ams prmba`lns, prmba`lns, `it`ij`rams, y r`gmimg`r qu` `stîi r`angfminjms gmi tu gmlpmrtnlf`itm R`gmimg`r ams prmba`lns y nsulfr qu` pu`j`i s`r r`su`atms, r`su`atms , y qu` pnrn `aam t`ijrîs qu` gnlbfnr gmsns j` tu p`rsminafjnj Z`i`r p`rsp`gtfvn pnrn `it`ij`r an gmlpa`cfjnj j` ams l`rgnjms y j` tu p`rsminafjnj

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>?. J`snrrmaanr an nj`gunjn ngtftuj l`itna pnrn `a trnjfik. trnjfik . Zf`i`s qu` gnlbfnr dîbftms p`rsmina`s y gr``igfns, y na dng`ram gnlbfnrî jrîstfgnl`it` tu vfjn. Zf`i`s qu` nbnijminr tu `km ∙∙∙∙∙  Dnstn qu` npr`ijns n tma`rnr an figmlmjfjnj j`a trnjfik, s`itfrîs pr`sf÷i psfgma÷kfgn pnrn lmjfefgnr tu mbc`tfvm y ngtunr gmlm am dns d`gdm sf`lpr`. Zf`i`s qu` r`sfstfr `sms flpuasms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn s`r ui lnst`r trnj`r tf`i`s qu` sup`rnr an a`y j` an prmbnbfafjnj y an fig`rtfjulbr` j`a l`rgnjm. Zf`i`s qu` s`r gnpnz j` nsulfr rf`skms. _nrn `aam i`g`sftns j`snrrmaanr uin `strnt`kfn nj`gunjn n tu p`rsminafjnj. V sf im t` kustn an tmln j` j`gfsfmi`s busgn ui lmj`am lîs l`gîifgm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a trnjfik r`quf`r` nsulfr rf`skms. Im pu`j`s mp`rnr sfi vfvfr gmi an fig`rtfjulbr` fid`r`it`. _`rj`r `s pnrt` j`a trnjfik. trnjfik . N ams l`cmr`s trnj`rs im a`s p`rturbni ans mp`rngfmi`s p`rj`jmrns pu`stm qu` snb`i qu` `i `a anrkm panzm kninrîi. Gunijm tf`i`s lf`jm j` p`rj`r t`rlfins p`rjf`ijm m j`cnijm pnsnr mpmrtuifjnj`s pmr lf`jm n mp`rnr.

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Zrnjfik G`itrnjm Ams jms krnij`s gnlbfms  gnlbfms  qu` tf`i` qu` nermitnr `a trnj`r flpafgni k`stfminr ans `lmgfmi`s (>), (>), y guatfvnr an jfsgfpafin pnrn s`kufr su pani j` trnjfik (2).  (2).  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

V uin j` ans d`rrnlf`itns lîs ótfa`s `s `a g`itrnjm. g`itrnjm . @a g`itrnjm t` `is`þn n emgnafznrt` `i ams `a`l`itms `s`igfna`s j` an tnr`n n r`nafznr, n an v`z qu` jfstnigfns j` ans r`spu`stns `lmgfmina`s y i`kntfvns j` ans mp`rngfmi`s p`rj`jmrns y `str`snit`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a g`itrnjm r`jug` ans jfstrnggfmi`s. jfstrnggfmi`s. Z` nyujn n j`spr`mgupnrt` pmr ams `rrmr`s pnsnjms y `vftnr qu` t` pr`mgup`s pmr `a euturm. @a g`itrnjm t` prmpmrgfmin ui l`cmr gmitrma j`a sfst`ln i`rvfmsm nut÷imlm, y t` p`rlft` fr lîs naaî j` ams aìlft`s kufnjm pmr tus mbc`tfvms j` trnjfik y an nggf÷i j`a l`rgnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zmjm am qu` i`g`sftns pnrn `stnr g`itrnjm `stî j`itrm j` tf , p`rm `stî `ilnsgnrnjm pmr uin gnpn j` j ` lf`jm y mtrns `lmgfmi`s i`kntfvns. _nrn g`itrnrt` g`it rnrt` i`g`sftns g`itrnrt` g`itrnrt` `i tu flnk`i, afb`rnr an nisf`jnj, an r`sfst`igfn, `a lna`stnr `lmgfmina y gmitrmanr ams `v`itms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@i ui `stnjm g`itrnjm t` gmig`itrns `i an tnr`n qu` `stîs r`nafznijm. J`cns qu` ams d`gdms eauyni, qu` ans mp`rngfmi`s i`kntfvns smi mpmrtuifjnj`s j` npr`ijfznc`, y im ui lmtfvm j` nutm-eank`angf÷i. @i ui `stnjm g`itrnjm fit`krns gu`rpm y l`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm `stîs g`itrnjm t` gmlprml`t`s gmi ui mbc`tfvm j` trnjfik `sp`gìefgm, y `itmig`s gmitrmans `a lf`jm n p`rj`r y yn im mp`rns gmi `xg`sfvn gnut`an. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunaquf`rn qu` s`n an tægifgn j` g`itrnjm qu` utfafzns pu`j`s prngtfgnran `i gunaquf`r lml`itm, `i gunaquf`r auknr, nit`s j` frt` n jmrlfr, ` figausm `i tu l`sn j` trnbncm. trnbncm. _u`j`s utfafznr an l`jftngf÷i j`cnijm eu`rn `a luijm `xt`rfmr y emgnafznijm tu nt`igf÷i `i mbc`tfvms `sp`gìefgms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf gnlbfns an pmsturn j`a gu`rpm y t` r`ancns `lpf`zns n gnlbfnr tus p`isnlf`itms. _rngtfgn `a g`itrnjm gnjn jìn pnrn nermitnr `a lf`jm m an frn, m gunaquf`r `lmgf÷i 4

 

i`kntfvn, y t` s`rî lîs eîgfa trnsg`ij`r ans r`nggfmi`s `lmgfmina`s. @s gmlm uin nutm-dfpimsfs.

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Ufsunafzngf÷i An `xp`rf`igfn `stî kmb`rinjn prfigfpnal`it` pmr nqu`aams p`isnlf`itms qu` s` prmjug`i `i nsmgfngf÷i gmi flîk`i`s vfsuna`s pmj`rmsns. pmj`rmsns . Gmlm tó pu`j`s `a`kfr ans flîk`i`s qu` quf`r`s, pu`j`s l`cmrnr tu trnjfik s`a`ggfminijm mbc`tfvms `sp`gìefgms j` trnjfik y nsmgfnijm gmi `aams flîk`i`s `sp`gìefgns y pmj`rmsns j` `sms mbc`tfvms. J` `stn emrln ans r`strfggfmi`s j` ams dîbftms qu` t` aflftni, y pu`j`s figr`l`itnr `a pu`j`s æxftm j`sup`rnr tu trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ufsunafznr tu mbc`tfvm s`a`ggfminjm j` uin emrln pmsftfvn `s qufzî an emrln lîs nstutn qu` i`g`sftns prngtfgnr pnrn gmis`kufr tmjm tu pmt`igfna. pmt`igfna. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams `c`rgfgfms j` vfsunafzngf÷i t` pu`j`i nyujnr n prmkrnlnr ans flîk`i`s j`s`nba`s   y n `aflfinr ans i`kntfvns. Z` pu`j`i nyujnr n sup`rnr `a jmamr, n r`ancnrt`, n figr`l`itnr tu r`sfst`igfn, y n r`jugfr tu lf`jm `i `a trnjfik.

W`a`ggfminr tu flnk`i Wf t` r`ancns y gf`rrns ams mcms imtnrîs g÷lm ams p`isnlf`itms y ans flîk`i`s surk`i j` emrln gmitfiunjn y `spmitîi`n `i tu l`it`. V `stn `s an gmsn lîs flpmrtnit` n r`gmrjnr smbr` an vfsunafzngf÷i. Zó pu`j`s g`itrnrt` s÷am `i ui p`isnlf`itm m uin flnk`i n an v`z. V `stm `s nsì yn s`ni m im r`na`s an flnk`i y `a p`isnlf`itm. p`isnlf`itm.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@s flpmrtnit` snb`r qu` an vfsunafzngf÷i smam t` pu`j` nyujnr sf tó ng`ptns an r`nafjnj j` am qu` v`s `i tu l`it`. Zó im `stîs n jfspmsfgf÷i j` tu l`it`, sfim qu` tó pu`j`s `a`kfr am qu` quf`r`s qu` tu l`it` mbs`rv`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gdnranijm An vfsunafzngf÷i im sfkifefgn qu` tni prmitm tó v`s tu flnk`i s`a`ggfminjn `i tu l`it` vns n gmis`kufr `a r`suatnjm j` fil`jfntm. fil`jfntm. Wfkifefgn qu` gmi `a tf`lpm  tf`lpm  tus j`gfsfmi`s j` trnjfik pu`j`i ncustnrs` y gmrr`angfminrs` gmi tu iu`vm mbc`tfvm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunitm lîs npr`ij`s n gmitrmanr `a prmg`sm j` emgnafzngf÷i, lîs `stnrîs g`itrnjm `i `a lml`itm pr`s`it` y lîs gnpnz s`rîs j` pnrtfgfpnr `i ams `v`itms j` trnjfik j`a jìn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Wf pr`stns nt`igf÷i n tus p`isnlf`itms imtnrîs qu` ams bu`ims y lnams p`isnlf`itms surk`i l`zganjms, l`zganjms, y qu` tó im pu`j`s j`t`rlfinr quæ `s ui p`isnlf`itm i`kntfvm. Wæ gmisgf`it` j` qu` `sms p`isnlf`itms smi k`i`rnjms na`ntmrfnl`it` y pmgm pu`j`s dng`r gmi `aams. `aams . ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Lîs naaî j` `stms p`isnlf`itms na`ntmrfms y gmitfiums dny mtrms qu` tó pu`j`s trn`r n an sup`refgf`. sup`refgf`. Aa`vn tf`lpm jfe`r`igfnr ams p`isnlf`itms na`ntmrfms j` ams qu` tó k`i`rns. Pin v`z dns prngtfgnjm `a s`r gmisgf`it` j` tus p`isnlf`itms pu`j`s jfrfkfr tus p`isnlf`itms dngfn tus mbc`tfvms. mbc`tfvms. V am dng`s j`cnijm n ui anjm ams p`isnlf`itms nutmlîtfgms qu` t` tf`i`i bamqu`njm `i `a pnsnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a pnsnjm tfþ` `a pr`s`it` W`r gmisgf`it` j` tus p`isnlf`itms na`ntmrfms `s `a prfl`r pnsm pnrn s`pnrnr ams p`isnlf`itms figmisgf`it`s j`a pnsnjm j` nqu`aams qu` tó k`i`rns. k`i`rns . Mbs`rvn tus p`isnlf`itms j`sj` `stn p`rsp`gtfvn y pu`j`s `lp`znr n v`r g÷lm tus fit`rpr`tngfmi`s, bnsnjns `i `a pnsnjm, tfþ`i an emrln `i qu` p`rgfb`s y r`nggfmins nit` ams `v`itms. V j`sgubrfrîs qu` `a pr`s`it` im `s tni `str`snit`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pi pnsm flpmrtnit` `i an vfsunafzngf÷i `s r`gmimg`r tus p`isnlf`itms dnbftuna`s i`kntfvms qu` surkfrîi gunijm ims `ier`it`lms n sftungfmi`s jfeìgfa`s j` trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An i`g`sfjnj j` g`rtfjulbr` y gmitrma pu`j`i flp`jfrt` `itrnr `i `a t`rr`im j` an `sp`guangf÷i y an fiv`rsf÷i, `i `a luijm j` an fig`rtfjulbr`, jmij` `a mbc`tfvm `s fr gmi `a eaucm lîs qu` trntnr j` gmitrmanr am qu` im pu`j`s gmitrmanr.

@c`rgfgfms j` vfsunafzngf÷i >.  Gmitrma j` an r`spfrngf÷i  r`spfrngf÷i   Gf`rrn ams mcms y r`spfrn j` emrln inturna sfi emrznr `a eaucm inturna j`a nfr`. Gunijm r`spfrns j` emrln r`ancnjn y inturna vfncn dnstn ui auknr nkrnjnba` qu` dnyns vfsftnjm, ` flnkfin qu` `stîs naaì. Lfrn ans vfstns, du`a` ams mamr`s, `sgugdn ams smifjms, y sf`it` ams s`itflf`itms s`itflf`itms.. Ufsunafzn `stn flnk`i gnjn jìn, jurnit` gmrtms p`rfmjms j` tf`lpm y npr`ij`rîs an gnpngfjnj pnrn `itrnr `i ui `stnjm r`ancnjm `i lml`itms j` `stræs fit`ism y t` gnalnrî.

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2.  Gnlbfn flîk`i`s l`itna`s Pin v`z gnalnjm t` nyujnrî `sgugdnr quæ sug`j` j`itrm y eu`rn j` tf. Wfku` gmi ams mcms g`rrnjms y g`itrn tu nt`igf÷i `i tu `itmrim  ‗rufjm j` gmgd`s, pîcnrms, mrj`injmr, `tg. Ndmrn vu`av` tu nt`igf÷i n tus s`isngfmi`s eìsfgns3 gnamr, fgmr, lma`stfns, `tg. Uu`av` j` iu`vm na `xt`rfmr y n tu fit`rfmr y r`pìt`am tr`s v`g`s. @i `stn ntl÷se`rn j` gnaln `stîs `i l`cmr`s gmijfgfmi`s pnrn nermitnr `a jmamr y ams s`itflf`itms i`kntfvms. 7.  Flîk`i`s y trnjfik Ndmrn s`a`ggfminr ans flîk`i`s l`itna`s pmsftfvns qu` t` vni n engfaftnr `a trnjfik, y qu` t` vni n nyujnr n k`stfminr tus lf`jms. @lpf`zn uin afstn j` nefrlngfmi`s qu` npmy`i tu trnjfik y t` p`rlftni fr n pmr tu mbc`tfvm sfi vngfanr. J`snrrmaan flîk`i`s gmigr`tns j` qu` `s `a trnjfik `xftmsm. Ufsunafzn `a r`suatnjm j`s`njm. G÷lm `s `a trnjfik j` æxftm. Gnitfjnj j` gnpftna qu` mp`rns y mtrms pnrîl`trms. Fj`nal`it` tu flnk`i j`b` figaufr ui puitm j` `itrnjn y mtrm j` snafjn, y gmi pmsfgfmi`s lnymr`s j` ans qu` mp`rns dnbftunal`it`. Ufsunafzn flîk`i`s j` tus pnutns vnafmsns y g÷lm `xtf`ij`s tus`idmrfzmit`s j` trnjfik. p`rlft`lîs an vfsunafzngf÷i `s `isnynr an emrln qu` tó fit`itns mp`rnr.Am qu` t` :.  @a pmj`r j` ans flîk`i`s pmsftfvns Ans flîk`i`s pmsftfvns t` nyujni n s`kufr tu `strnt`kfn jìn n jìn. Ams trnj`rs j` æxftm dni npr`ijfjm gmi `a tf`lpm n sup`rnr su nisf`jnj y sfku`i sus r`kans `i v`z j` r`tfrnrs` n su zmin j` gmiemrt. Dni npr`ijfjm n fit`rpr`tnr su `xgftngf÷i gmlm uin s`þna pnrn an nggf÷i y gr``i `i ans mpmrtuifjnj`s qu` dny na mtrm anjm j` an nisf`jnj. U`i ans pærjfjns gmlm uin mpmrtuifjnj j` npr`ij`r. 0.  U`s am qu` `sp`rns _u`j`s vfsunafznr am qu` quf`r`s gmis`kufr, gmlm pmr `c`lpam `stnr lîs tf`lpm `i `a l`rgnjm m figr`l`itnr tu ifv`a j` rf`skm. Gunitm lîs npr`ijns n `a`kfr tus flîk`i`s vfsuna`s lîs gnpnz s`rîs j` pnrtfgfpnr `i ans mpmrtuifjnj`s j` trnjfik j`a jìn. _mjrîs fr lîs naaî j` tus ifv`a`s j` trnjfik dnbftuna`s. Vn im `stnrîs jmlfinjm pmr an i`g`sfjnj j` p`rlni`g`r `i tu zmin j` gmiemrt jurnit` nþms.

>2

 

Gmig`itrngf÷i Ams l`cmr`s trnj`rs dng`i ui `seu`rzm gmisgf`it` pnrn `itrnr `i `a cu`km. Wf pf`rj`s uin mpmrtuifjnj r`gu`rjn qu` `a trnjfik `s ui prmg`sm gmitfium. _u`j`s vmav`r lnþnin. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_`rm tf`i`s qu` dng`r ui `seu`rzm. Gunijm im surk`i mpmrtuifjnj`s j` trnjfik t`i`lms qu` dng`r mtrns gmsns fit`afk`it`s. _mj`lms aanlnr n nakuf`i, a``r nakm smbr` trnjfik, dng`r niîafsfs, dng`r fiv`stfkngf÷i, r`pnsnr r`kfstrms j` mp`rngfmi`s. Pim im pu`j` nburrfrs` sf `stî `i `a i`kmgfm j`a trnjfik.

Nta`tns y gmig`itrngf÷i Ans tægifgns j` r`ancngf÷i g`itrnjm y vfsunafzngf÷i smi r`gursms qu` pu`j`s utfafznr pnrn j`cnr j` pr`mgupnrt` pmr enaams j`a pnsnjm. Na `itrnr `i `stnjm j` l`jftngf÷i s` r`jug` `a `stræs, an nisf`jnj y an t`isf÷i, y j`gr`g` `a flpngtm j` an jfstrnggf÷i fit`rin y ams `stìluams `xt`rims. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Nggf÷i gmig`itrnjn Gmisfst` `i gmitrmanr y gmit`i`r ans r`spu`stns `lmgfmina`s y g`itrnrs` `i am qu` tf`i`s nit` tf. An nggf÷i gmig`itrnjn sfkifefgn v`r ganrnl`it` ams sfkuf`it`s pnsms dngfn tu mbc`tfvm sfi qu` t` trnfgfmi`i tus i`rvfms, tus jujns, tus lf`jms. lf`jms. Wfkifefgn lnit`i`r ui `stnjm j` gnaln j`itrm j`a gnms, im qu`jnrs` pnrnafznjm y gmitrmanr an sftungf÷i. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

L`cmrnr an gmig`itrngf÷i _u`j`s l`cmrnr an gmig`itrngf÷i sf npr`ij`r n gmitrmanr ui iól`rm j` engtmr`s nsmgfnjms n an gmig`itrngf÷i. J`sj` au`km t`i`r an l`it` y `a gu`rpm `i gnaln nyujn lugdm n an gmig`itrngf÷i. An l`cmr gmig`itrngf÷i s` gmisfku` gunijm s` j`cni eaufr ams ngmit`gflf`itms, sfi g`itrnrs` lugdm `i ams r`suatnjms. r`suatnjms. Am fj`na `s qu` t` g`itr`s `i am qu` dny qu` dng`r, y im `i ams r`suatnjms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_u`j`s prngtfgnr tu gmig`itrngf÷i nat`rinijm j`sj` ams p`isnlf`itms y s`isngfmi`s fit`rins n ams `v`itms `xt`rims. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

>7

 

An gmitfiun lmiftmrfzngf÷i j` tu trnjfik `s gmlm t`i`r ans lnims smbr` `a tfl÷i y im jmrlfrs`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm knins `stîs gmlpa`tnl`it` `igduenjm y pu`j`s fr gmi `a eaucm, ng`ptnr `a æxftm y `a erngnsm gmlm ans jms gnrns j` an lfsln lmi`jn . Lf`itrns `stîs gmig`itrnjm gmisfku`s r`suatnjms, p`rm sf`lpr` pu`j` npnr`g`r a` fi`rgfn y ams dîbftms j`a pnsnjm, y pmr `aam `s i`g`snrfm vmav`r sf`lpr` n tu mbc`tfvm.

Gmig`itrngf÷i y Lml`itul N v`g`s an gmig`itrngf÷i gr`n ui lml`itul t`rrfba`. Wf`it`s qu` pf`rj`s `a gmitrma, qu` tmjm `s flpr`j`gfba`, qu` `stîs fil`rsm `i uin `xp`rf`igfn iu`vn. Gunijm an gmig`itrngf÷i s` j`bfaftn vu`av` n am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r y im t` j`c`s gmitrmanr pmr tus s`itflf`itms m tus p`isnlf`itms. p`isnlf`itms . Gunijm an k`it` dng` ans gmsns bf`i n l`iujm `lpf`zni n s`r lîs gr`ntfvms, lîs ea`xfba`s, l`ims jfsgfpafinjms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a trnj`r j` æxftm `s gnpnz j` j`cnr pnsnr an `uemrfn m an j`s`sp`rngf÷i j` an óatfln mp`rngf÷i. mp`rngf÷i. J`spuæs j` uin s`rf` j` mp`rngfmi`s kninjmrns `s imrlna qu` t` sf`itns bf`i, p`rm vfkfan im r`ancnrt` y j`cnr j` s`kufr tus rutfins j` pr`pnrngf÷i y panifefgngf÷i `strntækfgn. `strntækfgn.

Gmig`itrngf÷i y pærjfjns Gunijm r`gup`rns an eu`rzn j`spuæs j` uin pærjfjn j`b`s r`gmrjnr qu` gnjn pærjfjn `s uin `xp`rf`igfn pmt`igfna j` npr`ijfznc`. npr`ijfznc` . Dny uin t`ij`igfn n emgnafznrs` `i an pærjfjn `i v`z j` dng`ram `i ans mpmrtuifjnj`s qu` mer`g` an pærjfjn. Am prfigfpna `s `stnr g`itrnjm `i tu mbc`tfvm j` trnjfik y im gn`r `i `a ‑pmbr` j` lì“. Ninafzn quæ prmjucm an pærjfjn, quæ s` t` pujm pnsnr y quæ pu`j`s dng`r an pr÷xfln v`z. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_mr quæ an gmig`itrngf÷i `s ganv` An gmig`itrngf÷i `s an ganv` j` an krnij`zn, `s am qu` jfe`r`igfn na lnst`r trnj`r j`a trnj`r mrjfinrfm. J`snrrmaanr an gmig`itrngf÷i, s`r gmisgf`it` j` tus nggfmi`s y j` tus j`gfsfmi`s, n p`snr j` ans njv`rsfjnj`s, `s grìtfgm `i `st` i`kmgfm.

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_`rlftfr eaufr ams `v`itms Gunijm nsflfans an fj`n j` an gmig`itrngf÷i pnrtfgfpns `i tus mp`rngfmi`s gmlm `xp`rf`igfns `xgftnit`s ` fit`r`snit`s. Ufv`s tu vfjn gmlm uin nv`iturn, y im t` qu`jns `i `a lmjm ‑y sf …….“ An gmig`itrngf÷i im `s pnrn gmitrmanr tu vfjn, sfim pnrn qu` eauyn.

Gmlm `lp`znr

Gmig`itrnrt` `i am qu` pu`j`s dng`r dmy. dmy. Jfgdm j` mtrm lmjm, g`itrnrt` `i ams l`jfms y im `i `a efi.

Gmig`itrngf÷i y lf`jm @a `seu`rzm pnrn lnit`i`r tus j`e`isns a`vnitnjns tnlbfæi pu`j` j`bfaftnr tu gmig`itrngf÷i. Wf tf`i`s lf`jm na erngnsm pmijrîs lugdn nt`igf÷i `i ams r`suatnjms. @a lf`jm na erngnsm figr`l`itn an pmsfbfafjnj j`a `rrmr pmr `rrmr  pmr an nutm prme`gìn j` qu` sf `sp`rns erngnsm mbt`ijrîs erngnsm. @stm sug`j` gunijm s` r`eu`rzn tu figafingf÷i n g`rrnr pmsfgfmi`s nit`s j` nagniznr tus mbc`tfvms , m fit`rpr`tnr pfstns gmlm fijfgntfvm j` erngnsm, am qu` t` pmi` t`ism. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_`rm sf bncns tus j`e`isns nul`itnrî tu nisf`jnj, pmr am qu` i`g`sftns npr`ij`r g÷lm dng`ram n an v`z qu` p`rlni`g`s g`itrnjm. V pu`j`s dng`ram ng`ptnijm tu nisf`jnj y im trntnr j` mbvfnran. Njlftfr tus lf`jms `s uin d`rrnlf`itn `efgnz pnrn r`jugframs. r`jugframs . Wf ` gmig`itrns `i g÷lm sf`it`s, guîitm jurn am qu` sf`it`s, gmi quæ p`isnlf`itm s` nsmgfn am qu` sf`it`s, y t` r`spmisnbfafzns j` `aam, pmjrîs jfsfpnr `a lf`jm y an nisf`jnj. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

^uæ sug`j` sf pf`rj`s a n gmig`itrngf÷i an Gunijm eamc`n tu gmlprmlfsm t` j`cns fivnjfr pmr p`isnlf`itms i`kntfvms, pmr an nutm custfefgngf÷i m an i`kngf÷i. W` prmjug`i anpsms `i tu gmig`itrngf÷i. V `stms anpsms s` lnifef`stni gmlm ui erngnsm `i s`kufr tu pani j` trnjfik, y n v`g`s ui tf`ij` n i`knr `st` erngnsm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams anpsms j` gmig`itrngf÷i tnlbfæi s` prmjug`i gunijm t` r`gr`ns `i tus anur`a`s. Gunijm t` sug`jn `stm tf`i`s qu` vmav`r `a emgm n tu vfsf÷i.  Gunijm ans gmsns vnyni lna im t` rfijns nit` `a erngnsm, im guap`s if t` eank`a`s. Uu`av` n g`itrnrt` `i am qu` `stîs dngf`ijm. dngf`ijm . Ninafzn quæ `rrmr dns gml`tfjm y r`stnba`g` tus prmg`jflf`itms. Njlft` `a enaam y gmrrìk`am. gmrrìk`am . Ams anpsms `i an >0

 

gmig`itrngf÷i smi imrlna`s `i `st` i`kmgfm. _`rm im sfkifefgn qu` t` `stæ pnsnijm injn lnam. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An psfgmamkìn j` p`rj`r j`spuæs j` kninr ½Z` dns efcnjm qu` j`spuæs j` jìns kninjmr`s n l`iujm s` sug`j`i jìns p`rj`jmr`s= An r`spu`stn `stî `i an pærjfjn j` gmig`itrngf÷i. @s lîs eîgfa kninr jfi`rm y p`rj`ram qu` kninram y gmis`rvnram. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½^uæ j`b`s dng`r pnrn nagniznr ui iu`vm mbc`tfvm, uin iu`vn `tnpn `i tu trnjfik= Gmigæitrnt` `i am qu` j`b`s dng`r y ams pnsms qu` j`b`s jnr. Gunijm v`s `a gmlpmrtnlf`itm qu` t` lnitf`i` `i an zmin j æxftm, y ams pnsms qu` t` dng`i nvniznr, t` v`rîs `lpucnjm pnrn pnsnr n an nggf÷i y busgnr iu`vns l`tns. @i `stn ens` `s flpmrtn flpmrtnit` it` qu` t` vfkfa`s gunaquf` gunaquf`rr figafingf÷i n trntnr j` vmav`r n tu zmin j` gmiemrt. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a p`afkrm j` vmav`r n am p`qu`þm `s qu` p`rj`rîs an gmiefnizn j` vmav`r n  cuknr n am krnij`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gmig`itrngf÷i y r`gup`rngf÷i An r`gup`rngf÷i j`spuæs j` uin s`rf` j` pærjfjns flpafgn s`kufr uin s`rf` j` pnsms pnrn r`gup`rnr an ngtftuj l`itna j`a trnjfik kninjmr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a mbc`tfvm `s l`cmrnr tu trnjfik y tu gnpngfjnj pnrn njnptnrt` n ams gmistnit`s gnlbfms j` ams l`rgnjms. Am qu` euigfmin dmy pu`j`, gnsf s`kurm, qu` im euigfminrî lnþnin. Ams l`cmr`s trnj`rs dni npr`ijfjm qu` tf`i`i qu` njnptnrs` gmitfiunl`it` n ams l`rgnjms, y qu` n p`snr j` `aam im sf`lpr` ngf`rtni. Am flpmrtnit` `s s`kufr mp`rnijm y lmvfæijms`. lmvfæijms`. Na dng`ram nsì gunijm `a l`rgnjm `xpamt` `stnr`lms j`itrm, y im `i an mrfaan. Mp`rn figausm gunijm ams b`i`efgfms s`ni p`qu`þms pnrn s`kufr j`itrm j`a nkun y s`kufr l`cmrnijm tus dnbfafjnj`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pi pnsm pnrn an r`gup`rngf÷i `s an r`ancngf÷i y `a g`itrnjm gnjn jìn. Ams `c`rgfgfms j` r`ancngf÷i y vfsunafzngf÷i pu`j`i nyujnrt` n sup`rnr ans jujns y g`itrnrt` `i an sfkuf`it` mpmrtuifjnj. >5

 

∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn tf gmlm trnj`r an ganv` pnrn an r`gup`rngf÷i `s mbs`rvnr ams d`gdms y tus r`nggfmi`s nit` ams lfslms. lfslms . Gmi `a tf`lpm v`rîs `a vnamr j` afb`rnrt` j` flîk`i`s i`kntfvns y lf`jms. J`spuæs j` uin s`rf` j` pærjfjns pu`j` s`r ngmis`cnba` dng`r ui j`sgnism `i tu trnjfik, y j`jfgnr tf`lpm n r`gmrjnr y r`gr`nr ans flîk`i`s y s`itflf`itms nsmgfnjms n tus æxftms pnsnjms `i `a trnjfik.

Ens`s j` an r`gup`rngf÷i An r`gup`rngf÷i `itr` mp`rngfmi`s s` pu`j` l`jfr `i ens`s. @s `a tf`lpm j` r`ancngf÷i `itr` uin mp`rngf÷i y an sfkuf`it`, sfkuf`it` , y pu`j` jurnr j` > n 2? s`kuijms. Nganrns tu l`it` y t` r`ancns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Au`km vf`i` an ens` j` pr`pnrngf÷i j` an sfkuf`it` mp`rngf÷i. mp`rngf÷i . Ufsunafzns mbc`tfvms gmigr`tms y puitms j` `itrnjn y snafjn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An sfkuf`it` ens` `s pnsnr n an nggf÷i. nggf÷i. J`cns j` p`isnr smbr` am qu` `stîs dngf`ijm u `c`gutns `a prmg`sm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wfkuf`ijm `stns tr`s ens`s `itrns `i ui `stnjm l`itna pmsftfvm. _r`pnrns tu pani y tu `strnt`kfn, y `i `a lml`itm j` an `c`gugf÷i t` r`ancns, j`cns j` p`isnr y `c`gutns g`itrîijmt` `i an nggf÷i. R`ancngf÷i + _r`pnrngf÷i + Nggf÷i

Ptfafznr an gr`ntfvfjnj `i an r`gup`rngf÷i Figausm `i an ens` j` an r`gup`rngf÷i dny qu` pnsnr n an nggf÷i . @s figausm lîs flpmrtnit` qu` an l`jftngf÷i. Zf`i`s qu` `stnr lîs g`itrnjm `i ans nggfmi`s `sp`gìefgns n r`nafznr. Pin emrln j` nyujnrt` `i `stm `s `a `c`rgfgfm eìsfgm. eìsfgm . @a `c`rgfgfm t` nyujn n lnit`i`rt` `i gmitngtm gmi `a luijm `xt`rfmr. V n im r`gr`nrt` j`lnsfnjm `i ams p`isnlf`itms y mpfifmi`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

>;

 

@a trnjfik flpafgn `a usm j`a anjm j`r`gdm ` fzquf`rjm j`a g`r`brm. @a `c`rgfgfm t` lnitf`i` `i gmitngtm gmi `a anjm nrtìstfgm y gr`ntfvm gr`ntfvm qu`  qu` `s `a j`r`gdm, y a`cms j` an mbs`sf÷i j`a anjm fzquf`rjm. @a `c`rgfgfm t` nyujn n `stnr lîs g`itrnjm y lîs `i`rkfznjm. `i`rkfznjm. _u`j` s`r ngmis`cnba` mp`rnr fil`jfntnl`it` j`spuæs j` dng`r an rutfin j` `c`rgfgfms j` an lnþnin lnþnin.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Npprmngd gmisgf`it` @st` `iemqu` gmisgf`it` j` an r`gup`rngf÷i y an pr`pnrngf÷i pnrn an sfkuf`it` mp`rngf÷i m `a sfkuf`it` jìn j` trnjfik, gmisfst` `i njmptnr an nj`gunjn ngtftuj l`itna. @s emgnafznrs` `i `a pr`s`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ng`ptnr tus emrtna`zns y j`bfafjnj`s t` nyujn n dng`rt` ans pr`kuitns `s`igfna`s y dng`r am qu` dny qu` dng`r pnrn trfuienr.

>4

 

>??% Gmlprmlfsm _rml`sns, im knrnitìns @a gmlprmlfsm flpafgn an vmauitnj j` prml`t`rt` ui r`suatnjm gunijm im dny knrnitìn j`a lfslm. lfslm. Wflpa`l`it` dngfæijmt` an prml`sn  ‗nsulfr `s` rf`skmprmjug` `imrl` `i`rkìn qu` nafl`itn an r`nafzngf÷i j` tus mbc`tfvms efinigf`rms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm t` gmlprml`t`s lu`strns `a gmrnc` pnrn j`ganrnr am qu` p`rsfku`s y aa`knr n s`r am qu` `r`s gnpnz j` s`r. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zmjms t`i`lms gnpngfjnj`s eìsfgns y l`itna`s qu` vni lîs naaî j` iu`strn prmpfn `stflngf÷i, p`rm pnrn tmlnr gmigf`igfn j` `aans an l`it` j`b` j`sngtfvnr `a ‑p`isnlf`itm j` flpmsfbfafjnj“. flpmsfbfafjnj “. Wmam gunijm sup`rnlms `a fistfitm j` nutm pr`s`rvngf÷i pmj`lms nagniznr `a æxftm. æxftm . _u`j`s nagniznr gunaquf`r gmsn sf flpafgns n tu gu`rpm y n tu l`it` `i an tnr`n gmi an suefgf`it` jfafk`igfn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Am qu` t` gmlprml`t` `s an prml`sn. An prml`sn prmjug` uin jfsgr`pnigfn `itr` am qu` tó `r`s y am qu` prml`t`s nagniznr. V `st` knp `s an eu`it` j` t`isf÷i gr`ntfvn. Gunijm `stn t`isf÷i s` k`stfmin nj`gunjnl`it` im `s tni krnij` gmlm pnrn sup`rnrt`, p`rm `s suefgf`it`l`it` eu`rt` gmlm pnrn `stfluanrt` `i an bósqu`jn j` iu`vms gnlfims dngfn ams r`suatnjms qu` dns prml`tfjm. @a gmlprmlfsm gmi ui mbc`tfvm `sp`gìefgm `s an jfl`isf÷i lîs grìtfgn j`a trnjfik pnrn kninr yn qu` yn qu` prmpmrgfmin `a emgm y an `i`rkìn qu` i`g`sftns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a gmlprmlfsm, gmlm ym am utfafzm, sfkifefgn prml`t`r ui r`suatnjm sfi ifikuin `vfj`igfn if g`rtfjulbr` j` g÷lm am vns n gmis`kufr gmis`kufr.. Wfkifefgn pmi`rt` `i uin sftungf÷i jmij` im dny lîs nat`rintfvns qu` gr`nr `a r`suatnjm qu` dns prml`tfjm.. @a gmlprmlfsm `s ui `iemqu` prmngtfvm `i `a qu` tó prml`t`s prml`tfjm prmjugfr ui r`suatnjm efinigf`rm `i ui j`t`rlfinjm `spngfm t`lpmrna  ‗pu`j` s`r ui nþm, m ui l`s- y njnptnr tu trnjfik n `s` r`suatnjm. @i v`z j` `sp`rnr n v`r am qu` `a l`rgnjm t` jn, tó tf`i`s qu` snafr ndì y gmis`kufr qu` `a l`rgnjm t` j` am qu` tó dns j`gfjfjm. @s an emrln j` subfr na sfkuf`it` ifv`a. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

>6

 

Lugdn k`it` prml`t` dng`r ‑tmjm am qu` pu`jn“ pu`jn “ sfi jnrs` gu`itn j` qu` ‑tmjm am qu` pu`jn“ t` aflftn. Wukf`rm qu` j`gfjns uin gfern y au`km mp`r`s `i

tærlfims j` `sn gfern. @a iól`rm qu` `afk`s `stî smam aflftnjm pmr tu flnkfingf÷i.. @i v`z j` `sp`rnr n t`i`r an gmivfggf÷i `lpf`zn n cuknr `i `a ifv`a flnkfingf÷i qu` dns `a`kfjm y gmisfku` an gmivfggf÷i j`spuæs. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Im tf`i`s qu` s`itfrt` g÷lmjm prfl`rm y j`spuæs nvniznr. Im euigfmin j` `sn lni`rn. lni`rn. Zf`i`s qu` pnsnr na sfkuf`it` ifv`a y cuknr `i `a æa nit`s j` qu` t`ikns an gmivfggf÷i. gmivfggf÷i. @a æxftm s` prmjug` gunijm cu`kns gmisfst`it`l`it` `i ui ifv`a qu` t` eu`rzn n dng`r gmsns qu` im dng`s mrjfinrfnl`it` mrjfinrfnl`it`.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An emrln `stîijnr `i qu` euigfminlms `s dng`r am qu` snb`lms y prmjugfr r`suatnjms qu` ims smi enlfafnr`s pmrqu` ims smi g÷lmjms. _`rm gmlprml`t`rs` gmi nakm qu` vn lîs naaî jn lf`jm. @stnlms `itr`injms pnrn gmrtnr `a jmamr `i gunitm surk` dngf`ijm am rnzminba`, am dnbftuna. @s `a sftfm lîs s`kurm pnrn `stnr, p`rm im `s i`g`snrfnl`it` `a l`cmr sftfm pnrn `stnr. `stnr . ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zmjm `stm sfkifefgn j`gfr njf÷s na gmiemrt y an s`kurfjnj, y j`gfr njf÷s n ans jujns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu mbc`tfvm efinigf`rm prmpmrgfmin sfkifefgnjm y prmp÷sftm n tu trnjfik jfnrfm. @a mbc`tfvm j`t`rlfin am qu` t` p`rlft`s p`isnr, s`itfr y r`gmrjnr smbr` ams `v`itms j`a l`rgnjm. W` gmivf`rt` `i `a prfigfpfm qu` kuìn tu trnjfik.

W`a`ggfminr ui mbc`tfvm Pi mbc`tfvm t` r`tn n pmi`r `i nggf÷i tmjms tus r`gursms. Zu tnr`n `s snafr ndì eu`rn y lmtfvnrt` pnrn jfspnrnr tni natm gmlm pu`jns. pu`jns . _u`j`s t`l`r qu` tu mbc`tfvm t` mbafknrî n cuknr uin afkn jfe`r`it`. V `s` `s `a r`tm qu` dnrî qu` `igdue`s gnjn lnþnin. Im tf`i`s qu` `lp`znr ui cu`km iu`vm, smam l`cmrnr `a  cu`km qu` dns `stnjm cuknijm. An l`cmr emrln j` l`cmrnr `s dng`r lîs j` am qu` dng`s l`cmr.

Mbs`rvn tus p`isnlf`itms ½^uæ t` jfg`s gunijm mp`rns= ½_f`isns `i dng`r trnjfik pnrn kninr m pnrn p`rj`r= @s l`cmr uin nutm prme`gìnpmr qu` s` `s gulpan. Ams  p`isnlf`itms tf`i`i`stnba`g`r ui krni flpngtm `i tu trnjfik, am qu` uin bu`in  bu`in 2?

 

fj`n pr`stnra`s nt`igf÷i. V sf smi i`kntfvms tf`i`s qu` lmjfefgnrams `i pmsftfvms, y s`itfrt` lîs `xgftnjm gmi tu trnjfik.  trnjfik.  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Im pf`is`s ½y sf pf`rjm= ½y sf t`ikm ui lna jìn= _f`isn ½G÷lm pu`jm dng`rl` lîs krnij`= ½G÷lm pu`jm t`i`r ui bu`i jìn= ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_r`stn nt`igf÷i n tu gmiv`rsngf÷i fit`rin. fit`rin . Wf `stîs gnisnjm ` fis`kurm s`rîs prmgafv` n dng`r lnans mp`rngfmi`s. Wæ pngf`it`, `sp`rn tus mpmrtuifjnj`s. Im p`rlftns qu` uin pærjfjn t`lprnin iuba` tu cufgfm. @i v`z j` nbnijminr ` frt` n gnsn `sp`rn tu pr÷xfln mpmrtuifjnj, y sf surk` uin bu`i mp`rngf÷i im juj`s `i mp`rnran. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Am lîs grìtfgm `s s`r gnpnz j` tmlnr j`gfsfmi`s lfiutm n lfiutm sfi vngfanr. Wf t` j`lmrns au`km t` nutm eank`anrîs y pmijrîs tu nt`igf÷i `i tus erngnsms.

@a`kfr tu lætmjm j` trnjfik @afk` ui lætmjm j` trnjfik qu` t` euigfmi`. _ru`bn lætmjms y gmlbfingfmi`s j` lætmjms qu` dnstn qu` `igu`itr`s `a qu` l`cmr sntfsenkn tus i`g`sfjnj`s. Z`i `i gu`itn qu` `a lætmjm j` trnjfik `s smam uin d`rrnlf`itn. Wu `efgngfn smam j`p`ij` j` tu y j` tu gmiefnizn `i `a lætmjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pin v`z tf`i`s ui lætmjm j` trnjfik y uin tægifgn j` k`stf÷i j`a gnpftna, t` pu`j`s `ier`itnr n ams gnprfgdms j`a l`rgnjm, n tus r`nggfmi`s `lmgfmina`s, y n mtrms r`tms fid`r`it`s na prmg`sm j`a trnjfik. trnjfik . @stn `s an pnrt` lîs grugfna j`a trnjfik. @stm `s am qu` s`pnrn n ams lnst`r trnj`rs j` ams trnj`rs gmrrf`it`s. g mrrf`it`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gr`nr `strugturn Gunijm t` dns gmlprml`tfjm gmi ui mbc`tfvm, gunijm dng`s am i`g`snrfm pnrn `xpr`snram, `igmitrnrîs r`gursms y p`rs`v`rnigfn `i tu fit`rfmr. Frîs lîs naaî j`a ‑bf`i“ y j`a ‑lna“ y `lp`znrîs n v`r `a l`rgnjm gmlm am qu` `s. Gnjn jìn

surkfrîi lîs mpmrtuifjnj`s pnrn gmlprml`t`rt`. Ams prmba`lns y gmieafgtms s` r`v`anrîs gmlm mgnsfmi`s pnrn gr`g`r, nsì qu` ams pu`j`s jnr an bf`iv`ifjn. 2>

 

∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pin v`z `stnba`gfjm tu mbc`tfvm tu tnr`n `s j`t`rlfinr quæ i`g`sftns dng`r pnrn mp`rnr gmisfst`it`l`it` gmi tu mbc`tfvm. Na efina j`a jìn, j` an s`lnin, m j`a l`s, gmlpnrnrîs tus r`suatnjms gmi tu mbc`tfvm. Wf am dns gmis`kufjm pu`s bf`i, y sf im t`ijrîs qu` lmjfefgnr am qu` dnkn enatn.

Gmlprmlfsm gmi ams j`tnaa`s Gmlprml`t`rs` gmi ui mbc`tfvm sfkifefgn j`cnr ntrîs vf`cms dîbftms gmlm ‑mp`rnr pnrn im p`rj`r“ p`rj`r “ m s`kufr n an lnsn. Znlbfæi sfkifefgn j`cnr j` anjm tus

pr`mgupngfmi`s pmr ans eaugtungfmi`s j`a l`rgnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a trnj`r gmlprml`tfjm im p`rlft` qu` sus `lmgfmi`s aflft`i su trnjfik. @a trnj`r gmlprml`tfjm nbrnzn an fig`rtfjulbr` `i su mbc`tfvm j` `xpnijfr sus dmrfzmit`s.

An `sgna`rn j`a gmlprmlfsm

_nrn s`r ui trnj`r gmlprml`tfjm j`b`s r`gmrjnr mp`rngfmi`s pnsnjns, ans bu`ins y ans lnans, y t`i`r an pr`gnugf÷i j` jfe`r`igfnr am qu` sug`jf÷ y am qu` tó gr``s qu` sug`jf÷. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@i `s`igfn, `a gmlprmlfsm r`quf`r` tr`s ens`s3 >ª ENW@ Umauitnj j` pmi`rt` n trnbncnr y nrrf`sknr. nrrf`skn r. Flpafgn npr`ij`r n euigfminr gmi an fig`rtfjulbr`, fig`rtfjulbr`, nuiqu` im s`n an emrln inturna `i qu` mp`rnlms. 2ª ENW@ R`gmimg`r y j`cnr j` anjm ams p`isnlf`itms i`kntfvms. i`kntfvms . Zf`i`s qu` sup`rnr tu fistfitm j` nutm pr`s`rvngf÷i. 7ª ENW@ Figr`l`itnr an gmlpa`cfjnj j` tu tnr`n  tnr`n  y `a vmaul`i j`a r`tm qu` nermitns. @stm t` mbafknrî n pmi`r tmjn an gnri` `i `a nsnjmr.

>? R`kans pnrn figr`l`itnr `a gmlprmlfsm >.  2.  7.  :. 

Ptfafznr tmjm tu tna`itm @aflfinr ans jfstrnggfmi`s @aflfinr an t`ij`igfn n mp`rnr lîs l`rgnjms j` ams qu` pu`j`s s`kufr @afk` imlbr`s pmsftfvms `i v`z j` i`kntfvms

0.  Im vu`avns ntrîs 5.  Busgn nyujn gunijm t` sf`itns j`sgmig`rtnjm 22

 

;.  Fj`itfefgn tus gr``igfns y supærnans 4.  U` lîs naaî j` an rutfin 6.  @lpf`zn n trnbncnr nit`s >?. Npuitn tus p`isnlf`itms ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a gmlprmlfsm sfkifefgn an vmauitnj j` p`rlftfrt` `stnr fig÷lmjm gunijm pfsns t`rr`im j`sgmimgfjm. Z` pu`j` nyujnr aa`vnr ui jfnrfm.  jfnrfm.  @sgrfb` tus s`itflf`itms pnrn v`r g÷lm s` r`angfmini gmi tus r`spu`stns `lmgfmina`s y tu j`s`lp`þm. j`s`lp`þm . I`utrnafznrîs an nisf`jnj sf `sgrfb`s smbr` tu figmlmjfjnj. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ufvf`ijm `i `a knp Ufvfr `i `a knp im sfkifefgn nagniznr r`suatnjms, sfim vfvfr `i tærlfims j` mbc`tfvms. Ams r`suatnjms smi uin sflpa` l`jfjn. Wf i gmisfku`s r`suatnjms r`vfsn quæ `stîs dngf`ijm lna y r`gtfeìgnam. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

G`itrnrs` `i `a pr`s`it` gunijm surk` `a erngnsm `s uin pnrt` fid`r`it` j` vfvfr `i `a knp. @a pmj`r j` vfvfr `i `a knp prmvf`i` j` tu vmauitnj j` njlftfr ams prmba`lns. Pin v`z fj`itfefgnjms ams prmba`lns pu`j`s mp`rnr gmi æxftm. Pin v`z t` jns gu`itn j` qu` im gmimg`s tus aìlft`s, `itmig`s `stîs pr`pnrnjm pnrn vfvfr `i `a knp.

Wup`rnr `a lf`jm @s imrlna s`itfr lf`jm gunijm mp`rns `i ifv`a`s iu`vms. Dnstn qu` npr`ijns n tma`rnram `xp`rfl`itnrîs pr`sf÷i psfgma÷kfgn pnrn bncnr tu mbc`tfvm j` trnjfik y vmav`r n ams vf`cms dîbftms. Nit`s j` snb`ram mp`rnbns pnrn ‑im p`rj`r“ y ndmrn mp`rnrîs ‑pnrn kninr“. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½G÷lm s` gmisfku` `sn tma`rnigfn= W` `lpf`zn mbs`rvnijm tus p`isnlf`itms y ams gmlpmrtnlf`itms nsmgfnjms.  nsmgfnjms.  W÷am `itmig`s pmjrîs j`snrrmaanr ui iu`vm gmlpmrtnlf`itm lîs naaî j` tu zmin j` gmiemrt. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An lnymrìn j` tu `stræs prmvf`i` j` tus p`isnlf`itms y s`itflf`itms, im j`a l`rgnjm. Gunijm `stîs mp`rnijm sf tf`i`s lf`jm, sf`it` `a lf`jm. Wf j`bncm j`a lf`jm dny trfst`zn, tnlbfæi sfæit`an. _`rlìt`t` `stnr vfvm y s`itfr am qu` sf`it`s. 27

 

Ufvf`ijm `a pr`s`it` Ufvfr `a ndmrn `s vfvfr `i `a luijm pr`s`it` gmi `a gmimgflf`itm j` qu` tf`i`s tmjm pnrn r`nafznr tu vfsf÷i. Ng`ptnr an r`nafjnj j` an fig`rtfjulbr`. J`cnr j` p`isnr `i `a euturm y r`gmimg`r qu` s÷am `stî `a ndmrn nit` tf pnrn ngtunr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams trnj`rs j`b`i npr`ij`r n imtnr `a flpngtm j` sus lf`jms figmisgf`it`s `i su gmlpmrtnlf`itm j` trnjfik, y nsulfr lîs an r`spmisnbfafjnj j` sus nggfmi`s. J`b`i utfafznr `sms lf`jms pnrn pmt`igfnrs` `i tærlfims j` `a`ggf÷i gmisgf`it` j` sus mbc`tfvms. @stm p`rlft` v`r qu` `a r`suatnjm `s smam ui r`ea`cm j` tu `strnt`kfn, y im ui r`ea`cm j` tf lfslm.

@a`kfr am qu` tf`i`s Na ng`ptnrt` n tf y `a`kfr `a lml`itm pr`s`it` `sgugdns sfi cuzknr, nsul`s rf`skms, t` mavfjns j` ans sup`rstfgfmi`s, y `r`s gnpnz j` fr lîs naaî j` tu zmin j` gmiemrt psfgma÷kfgn pnrn fr n mtrn zmin lîs gr`ntfvn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wmam pu`j`s vfvfr `a lml`itm pr`s`it`. pr`s`it` . Gunijm t` g`itrns `i `a lml`itm pr`s`it` j`sgubr`s tu pmt`igfna j` gmrnc` y gr`ntfvfjnj. @itrn `i cu`km tu vmauitnj j` sup`rnr tus lf`jms y pr`gmig`pgfmi`s, y pmi`r tmjn an gnri` `i `a nsnjmr `i `a lml`itm pr`s`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@i v`z j` augdnr pnrn gmit`i`r m `sgnpnr j` tus s`itflf`itms, npr`ij`s n `xp`rfl`itnrams `i v`z j` j`rrmgdnr tu `i`rkìn pnrn `sgmij`rams . Im flpmrtn sf tó pf`isns qu` j`b`rìns m im j`b`rìns s`itfrt` `ienjnjm, g`amsm, guapnba`, pnrnafznjm. Imtn tus s`itflf`itms. Ngæptnams. Gunijm augdns pnrn npnrtnr tus `lmgfmi`s j` tf pu`j`s prmy`gtnr tus lf`jms smbr` `a luijm, y `itmig`s `a luijm `lpf`zn n npnr`g`r nl`inznit` ` flpr`j`gfba`. Wf pu`j`s ng`ptnr tus lf`jms gmlm nrt` j` tf lfslm, tus lf`jms pnsnrîi.

_ngf`igfn @a gmlprmlfsm gmi ui mbc`tfvm j`lnijn pngf`igfn, yn qu` `a r`suatnjm pu`j` tnrjnr `i prmjugfrs` lîs tf`lpm j`a qu` `stflnbns `stflnbns.. Znlbfæi sfkifefgn pr`stnr nt`igf÷i n ams r`suatnjms i`kntfvms, nsì gmlm n mtrms fijfgnjmr`s qu` tf`i`s qu` vfkfanr pnrn gmrr`kfr am i`g`snrfm.

2:

 

Zrnjfik prmngtfvm Gmlm trnj`r prmngtfvm im `stnrîs gmitrmanjm pmr tus r`spu`stns t`l`rmsns nit` ams jfa`lns j`a trnjfik `i lml`itms jfeìgfa`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@i an snan j` trnjfik `stî `a Wnitm Krfna, Krfna , y gnjn trnj`r j`b` busgnr sus gmlpmi`it`s. @stî `i an snan p`rm an lnymrìn j` trnj`rs im am v`i  v`i  pmrqu` `s jfeìgfa j` v`r. @s fitnikfba`, s` `igu`itrn `itr` aìi`ns. @s uin gmsn sutfa, p`rm `stî naaì y nqu`aams qu` `stîi >??% gmlprml`tfjms smi gnpng`s j` j`sgubrfram.

20

 

_rfigfpfms bîsfgms j` trnjfik @a trnjfik `s `a r`suatnjm j` lugdns vnrfnba`s, vnrfnba`s , y im s÷am j`a lætmjm j` trnjfik. Am qu` pf`isns, am qu` sf`it`s, y g÷lm k`stfmins am qu` sf`it`s, `s grìtfgm pnrn `a æxftm `i `a trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a lf`jm pu`j` pnrnafznrt` m `lpucnrt` n mp`rnr flpuasfvnl`it`. flpuasfvnl`it` . @a lf`jm iuban tu mbc`tfvfjnj y tu gnpngfjnj pnrn gmisfj`rnr tmjms ams nsp`gtms y lnit`i`r an gnaln fit`rfmr y pmj`r lnit`i`r an jfsgfpafin. An nvnrfgfn `s mtrn `lmgf÷i n jmlfinr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf bf`i `s v`rjnj qu` im gmitrmans ans vnrfnba`s j`a l`rgnjm, sì pu`j`s j`t`gtnr t`ij`igfns y snb`r a``r `a pr`gfm. _u`j`s npr`ij`r npr`ij`r n fr gmi `a eaucm m gmitrn `a eaucm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Am l`cmr qu` pu`j`s dng`r `s j`snrrmaanr ui lmj`am j` prmbnbfafjnj prmbnbfafjnj.. J`spuæs tf`i`s qu` s`kufr `s` lmj`am `i v`z j` s`kufr tus fistfitms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An lnkfn j`a trnjfik s` prmjug` gunijm sup`rns an fig`rtfjulbr` y `lpf`zns n v`r am qu` pu`j` sug`j`r nit`s j` qu` sug`jn. sug`jn . @s gunijm `a trnj`r j`t`gtn ui gnlbfm j` jfr`ggf÷i.

@stujfnr `a gmlpmrtnlf`itm nit` `a rf`skm @a l`rgnjm `s ui anbmrntmrfm inturna pnrn v`r g÷lm an k`it` r`nggfmin nit` `a rf`skm y g÷lm k`stfmin am j`sgmimgfjm. Zmjm trnj`r trntn j` r`jugfr `a rf`skm y pr`stn krni nt`igf÷i n lnit`i`r ans pærjfjns gmitrmanjns. Gunijm jmlfins `stm sus prmbnbfafjnj`s j` r`itnbfafjnj s` figr`l`itn figr`l`itni i `xpmi`igfnal`it`.

Z`i`r e` ‑Gmrtnr ans pærjfjns y j`cnr gmrr`r ams b`i`efgfms“.   Wu`in bf`i, p`rm i`g`sftns

emrtna`zn fit`rfmr pnrn dng`ram. Im pmjrîs dng`ram sf im tf`i`s e` `i tus j`gfsfmi`s, j`gfsfmi`s , sf im tf`i`s gmiefnizn, `i guym gnsm `a lf`jm t` jmlfinrî.

_sfgmamkìn j` an tmln j` b`i`efgfms Zrnjfik pnrn kninr im `s ui cu`km p`re`gtm. _nrn s`r ui bu`i k`stmr j`a rf`skm tf`i`s qu` s`r gnpnz j` nermitnr an v`rjnj y gmimg`r ans prmbnbfafjnj`s , figausm `stnijm

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`qufvmgnjms. Im sf`lpr` tf`i`s qu` t`i`r rnz÷i. rnz÷i . J`gfrt` an v`rjnj `s am qu` s`pnrn n ams trnj`rs kninjmr`s j` ams p`rj`jmr`s.

_sfgmamkìn j` ams p`rj`jmr`s @a trnj`r p`rj`jmr im p`rj`jmr im pu`j` tma`rnr `a `stræs j`a l`rgnjm gnlbfnit`. W` emgnafzn `i `a j`snstr` y `stm a` flpfj` prmg`snr fiemrlngf÷i ótfa y mp`rnr nj`gunjnl`it` . @a `stræs r`jug` an gnpngfjnj pnrn tmlnr j`gfsfmi`s. N l`jfjn qu` pf`rj` s` figr`l`itn su nisf`jnj, y s` prmjug` ui gmlpmrtnlf`itm qu` luatfpafgn sus pærjfjns. @a trnj`r trntn j` flftnr n mtrms pmrqu` su nisf`jnj a` flpfj` tmlnr j`gfsfmi`s fij`p`ijf`it`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Mtrn r`spu`stn nit` ans pærjfjns `s r`p`tfrs`, dng`r lîs j` am lfslm. W` tf`ij` n gmiefnr `i `xp`rf`igfns j` trnjfik j`a pnsnjm y s` p`rlni`g` `stnignjm `i v`z j` mbs`rvnr am qu` sug`j` dmy `i `a l`rgnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An enatn j` gnpngfjnj pnrn nermitnr an v`rjnj y r`ncustnr `a gmlpmrtnlf`itm n ams r`qu`rflf`itms j`a l`rgnjm j` dmy, `s ui bu`i `c`lpam j` an i`kngf÷i psfgma÷kfgn y an rngfminafzngf÷i, gfrguistnigfns nlbns qu` dng`i qu` `a trnj`r p`rj`jmr r`pftn `rrmr`s j`a ny`r.

_mr quæ `a trnj`r mjfn p`rj`r Ams trnj`rs mjfni p`rj`r pmrqu` `aam flpafgn njlftfr ui `rrmr. `rrmr.

^uæ dng`r nit` ans pærjfjns _`rj`r `s pnrt` j`a cu`km. @a lnst`r trnj`r snb` qu` j`b` gnlbfnr su p`rg`pgf÷i pnrn tma`rnr ans lnifmbrns j` ans pærjfjns y vmav`r n su trnjfik.

Kninr `s ui e`i÷l`im j` anrkm panzm Ams trnj`rs kninjmr`s lfrni sus r`suatnjms n anrkm panzm. panzm . Zf`i`i e` `i qu` dng`i am gmrr`gtm y qu` gmi `a tf`lpm kninrîi. Im s` g`itrni `i gnjn mp`rngf÷i `i tærlfims j` b`i`efgfm m pærjfjn. pærjfjn. Jfserutni k`stfminijm gnjn mp`rngf÷i y sfku`i `i `a cu`km. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@s gmlm cuknr ui pnrtfjm j` kmae j` >4 dmyms. Wf tf`i`s ui dmym lnam im pu`j`s g`itrnrt` `i `a j`snstr`. Zó cu`kns dmym n dmym, y im njmptns uin ngtftuj j`e`isfvn pmrqu` t` pu`j` nrrufinr tmjm `a pnrtfjm.

2;

 

K`stfminr rf`skm y mtrms prfigfpfms nvniznjms j` trnjfik @a trnjfik `s nsulfr rf`skm, rf`skm , p`rm im `i `a s`itfjm j` npmstnr gf`knl`it` gmlm `i `a gnsfim, sfim `i `a s`itfjm j` utfafznr an fiemrlngf÷i jfspmifba`, gmitrmanr an r`spu`stn `lmgfmina, y au`km pnsnr n an nggf÷i er`it` n j`t`rlfinjns prmbnbfafjnj`s y nit` `v`itms flpr`j`gfba`s. flpr`j`gfba`s. V s`r ef`a n tu dfp÷t`sfs, pani j` trnjfik, j` emrln qu` gmisfkns r`suatnjms pmsftfvms j` emrln gmisfst`it` ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a lnst`r trnj`r trntn j` r`jugfr `a rf`skm `it`ijf`ijm ans pnutns j`a l`rgnjm, sus lmvflf`itms, sus prmpfns jfstmrsfmi`s y p`rsp`gtfvn bnsnjms `i an inturna`zn j`a l`rgnjm, sus `xp`rf`igfns pnsnjns, y su sfst`ln j` r`spu`stn na `stræs. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a niîafsfs `stnjìstfgm j`a gmlpmrtnlf`itm j`a l`rgnjm, sus pnutns, `s uin i`g`sfjnj prfmrftnrfn j`a lnst`r trnj`r. trnj`r . Ans `stnjìstfgns t` pmsfbfaftni `xnlfinr ui krni iól`rm j` `xp`rf`igfns pnsnjns, j`t`rlfinr `i quæ l`jfjn `stns pnutns smi r`gurr`it`s y pu`j`i l`cmrnr tu trnjfik. Znlbfæi t` nyujni n j`t`rlfinr quæ gmlpmrtnlf`itms smi l`ims envmrnba`s y quæ dny qu` lmjfefgnr m `aflfinr. `aflfinr . ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a trnjfik `xftmsm s` bnsn `i an gmrr`gtn gmlbfingf÷i uin bu`in l`jfjn j` an prmbnbfafjnj y nprmv`gdnr an mpmrtuifjnj. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pin nsuigf÷i j` `st` afbrm `s qu` an fig`rtfjulbr` j` ams l`rgnjms y `a `stræs j`a trnjfik gmitrfbuy`i n figr`l`itnr ams p`isnlf`itms nutmlîtfgms y j`e`isfvms, ams guna`s tfþ`i tu ngtfvfjnj j` trnjfik. @st` gmlpmrtnlf`itm j`b` s`r r`gmimgfjm y gmitrmanjm pnrn ngtunr afbr`l`it` `i `a l`rgnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn gmitrmanr an fig`rtfjulbr` `a lnst`r trnj`r j`snrrmaan gf`rtms pnrîl`trms j` gmlpmrtnlf`itm qu` a` p`rlft`i flpmi`r mrj`i `i an fig`rtfjulbr` y `i an figmitrmanbfafjnj j`a l`rgnjm. @a lnst`r trnj`r r`gmimg` `a flpngtm j` ans pærjfjns `i su trnjfik, y pmr `aam k`stfmin `a rf`skm pnrn lnit`i`r sus pærjfjns na lìiflm . J` d`gdm, pnrn `a lnst`r trnj`r `a gmitrma j` ans pærjfjns `s an vnrfnba` grìtfgn `i an k`stf÷i j`a rf`skm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

24

 

Jfiîlfgns j` ams l`rgnjms Ams l`rgnjms smi ui `itmrim `i gmistnit` gnlbfm jmij` ans r`kans gnlbfni gmi ans gfrguistnigfns. _`rm gmi er`gu`igfn im dny r`kans `i an l`it` j`a trnj`r. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunitm lîs nrrf`skns lîs j`sgubr`s qu` pu`j`s `xpnijfr tus aìlft`s. aìlft`s . @a prfigfpna pnsm pnrn k`stfminr `a rf`skm `s p`rs`kufr iu`vms rf`skms qu` pu`jns nsulfr `i tu trnjfik jfnrfm.

W`r lîs nkr`sfvm Ams trnj`rs j`b`i `xnlfinr sus mp`rngfmi`s pnrn `it`ij`r guîa`s smi sus p`isnlf`itms dnbftuna`s pnrn s`kufr sus r`kans j` trnjfik, y tmlnr gmigf`igfn j` `sms p`isnlf`itms subaflfina`s qu` a`s p`rlftfrîi nagniznr lîs ea`xfbfafjnj y lnymr jmlfifm j`a trnjfik, `sp`gfnal`it` `sp`gfnal`it` `i l`rgnjms natnl`it` vmaîtfa`s ` flpr`j`gfba`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf tu puitm j` `itrnjn `s bu`im `s prmbnba` qu` an mp`rngf÷i s`n bu`in. An ganv` `s pnsnr n an nggf÷i y im `sp`rnr pnrn lîs gmiefrlngfmi`s, gmiefrlngfmi`s , gmi `a gmisfkuf`it` rf`skm j` p`rj`r an mpmrtuifjnj. Lugdms trnj`rs im smi suefgf`it`l`it` nkr`sfvms. nkr`sfvms . W` qu`jni pnrnafznjms er`it` n an pnitnaan. Ams l`cmr`s trnj`rs knini trnj`rs knini s`t`itn v`g`s lîs qu` ams mtrms gmi an lfsln mp`rngf÷i pmrqu` smi lîs nkr`sfvms, nkr`sfvms, im pmrqu` s`ni lîs afstms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

R`vfsnr tus mp`rngfmi`s ^ufzî su`i` mbvfm, p`rm j`b`s gmiv`rtfr `i dîbftm an r`vfsf÷i j` ans mp`rngfmi`s j` gnjn jìn, na fkuna qu` ams cuknjmr`s j` eótbma v`i `a vìj`m j` ams pnrtfjms qu` cu`kni. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf tf`i`s figafingf÷i n rngfminafznr tu trnjfik. Wf `stîs bamqu`njm pmr imgfmi`s pr`gmig`bfjns, `itmig`s im s`rîs gnpnz j` r`nafznr gf`rtns mp`rngfmi`s. Ans mp`rngfmi`s s` pu`j`i r`nafznr pmrqu ` tó `stîs `i `a ‑ndmrn“. Zó im pu`j`s snb`r gmi nit`angf÷i am qu` vns n dng`r m am qu` vn n sug`j`r, p`rm sì tf`i`s qu` `stnr pr`pnrnjm pnrn r`nafznr uin mp`rngf÷i gunijm gu nijm s` pr`s`it` uin bu`in mpmrtuifjnj.  mpmrtuifjnj.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Dny ui tfpm j` trnj`r qu` `s j`lnsfnjm fij`gfsm. Im quf`r` p`rj`r. @s ui pmgm pnrnimfgm, am qu` figr`l`itn su fij`gfsf÷i. @st` gmlpmrtnlf`itm `s tìpfgm `i nakuf`i

26

 

gmi ui trnjfik luy pmbr`. ^uf`r` v`ram tmjm `i aìi`n, gmiefrlnjm, nit`s j` nbrfr uin pmsfgf÷i, p`rm gunijm `stm sug`j` an mpmrtuifjnj yn dn pnsnjm.

_`re`ggfmifslm y k`stf÷i j`a rf`skm An p`rsminafjnj cu`kn ui pnp`a flpmrtnit` `i g÷lm `a trnj`r k`stfmin sus pærjfjns. Ams p`re`ggfmifstns `stîi sf`lpr` busgnijm emrlns j` l`cmrnr. K`i`rnal`it` gr``i qu` tf`i`i qu` trnbncnr luy jurm y `stnr `i p`re`gtn emrln eìsfgn pnrn r`nafznr lîs tnr`ns, `i v`z j` jnrs` gu`itn j` qu` tf`i`i qu` trnbncnr j` emrln lîs fit`afk`it`. K`i`rnal`it` `stîi `stnignjms pmr sus natms ifv`a`s j` `xfk`igfn y im `stîi jfspu`stms n jnr ui pnsm lîs naaî sf im tf`i`i tmjn an fiemrlngf÷i. @st` gmlpmrtnlf`itm a`s na`cn j`a æxftm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams trnj`rs p`re`ggfmifstns s÷am `stîi jfspu`stms n cuknr gunijm tf`i`i an s`kurfjnj j` qu` vni n kninr. @stm a`s flpfj` gr`g`r tnitm gmlm pmjrìni. pmjrìni . _nrn s`r gr`ntfvm `a trnj`r j`b` nsulfr rf`skms. @s fi`vftnba`. fi`vftnba` . _nrn qu` ui trnj`r gr`zgn i`g`sftn npr`ij`r g÷lm nsulfr rf`skms lfjf`ijm `a rntfm rf`skm/r`gmlp`isn. @a mbc`tfvm `s mp`rnr gunijm dny ui rf`skm envmrnba`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn s`r ui trnj`r j` æxftm `a p`re`ggfmifstn j`b` mavfjnrs` j` sus nutm flpu`stns aflftngfmi`s qu` a` flpfj`i nsulfr `a rf`skm nj`gunjm, nj`gunjm , y j`b`i fkunal`it` r`iuigfnr n ans gr``igfns nrrnfknjns ` figmisgf`it`s smbr` `a erngnsm. @stm sfkifefgn ngtunr figausm gunijm ams r`suatnjms im `stîi knrnitfznjms. knrnitfznjms . _nrn `st` tfpm j` trnj`r pu`j` s`r ótfa r`vfsnr `a lmit÷i j` mp`rngfmi`s p`rjfjns.

>4 Fj`ns pnrn k`stfminr `a rf`skm >.  _anifefgn nit`s j` mp`rnr. J`t`rlfin tu puitm j` `itrnjn y snafjn  snafjn   2.  Gmitrman tus `lmgfmi`s. Gunitm lîs gmitrma`s tus `lmgfmi`s, lîs `efgnz s`rîs  s`rîs   7.  _nsn n an nggf÷i. Gninafzn tus `lmgfmi`s gmlm lmtfvngf÷i lmtfvngf÷i   :.  Wæ j`gfjfjm. Wæ nkr`sfvm. Wæ nkr`sfvm  nkr`sfvm  0.  Wfku` tus r`kans, p`rm sæ ea`xfba` pnrn njnptnrt` n ans gmijfgfmi`s gnlbfnit`s 5.  _r`j`efi` tu rf`skm `i gnjn mp`rngf÷i. Nakuims mp`rngf÷i.  Nakuims r`gmlf`ijni r`gmlf`ijni im sup`rnr `a 0% 0%   ;.  Wæ ea`xfba`. 4.  R`vfsn tus j`gfsfmi`s y tus mp`rngfmi`s 6.  Læt`t` `i an zmin. @itræint` pnrn gr`nr an ngtftuj l`itna qu` sup`r` ams  p`isnlf`itms i`kntfvms y s` g`itr` `i ans `xp`rf`igfns `xp`rf`igfns pmsftfvns pmsftfvns   >?. _r`pnrn tu r`gup`rngf÷i. Wf pf`rj`s tu gmiefnizn vu`av` n am bîsfgm, vu`av` n mp`rnr, knin nakói jfi`rm. R`gmistruy` tu gmiefnizn cuknijm nakm lîs  p`qu`þm, r`gmistruy`ijm r`gmistruy`ijm tu r`kfstrm j` mp`rngfmi`s mp`rngfmi`s kninjmrns  kninjmrns 

7?

 

>>. Wf `s i`g`snrfm, dnz uin pnusn `i tu trnjfik. Wf sf`ijm jfsgfpafinjm y sfkuf`ijm tus r`kans nguluans pærjfjns gfigm jìns s`kufjms, dnz uin pnusn `i tu trnjfik  pnrn rmlp`r ans pnutns pnutns p`rj`jmrns. p`rj`jmrns.   >2. _fj` nyujn. @i v`z j` qu`jnrt` eu`rn j`a cu`km, pfj` nyujn `xt`rfmr.  `xt`rfmr.  >7. Im t` pr`mgup`s. R`vfsnr tus mp`rngfmi`s im `s pr`mgupnrs` pmr mp`rngfmi`s  pnsnjns. W` trntn j` pr`pnrnr `a sfkuf`it` jìn j` trnjfik y v`r quæ pnutns dni j`cnjm j` euigfminr   >:. R`gmk` b`i`efgfms prmitm >0. Gmpfn ans `xp`rf`igfns j` mtrms. _u`j`s figmrpmrnr ans pnutns j` mtrms `i tu `strnt`kfn   `strnt`kfn >5. @stnba`g` ui mbc`tfvm. W`n niuna m l`isuna m s`lnina, t` dng`s uin fj`n j` guîitm tf`i`s qu` kninr pnrn nagniznram >;. Gmlprmlfsm >4. @sgrfb` tu mbc`tfvm. _mi`r pmr `sgrftm tu mbc`tfvm r` r`gu`rjn tu gmlprmlfsm y t` nyujn n sup`rnr i`kngfmi`s j`a pnsnjm y mtrns j`e`isns psfgma÷kfgns.

7>

 

K`stfminr `a @stræs @a @stræs s` j`efi` gmlm uin r`spu`stn j`a gu`rpm n sftungfmi`s `str`snit`s. `str`snit`s. W` j`efi` gmlm uin r`spu`stn j`a tfpm ‑augdnr m vmanr“. An A n r`spu`stn j`a `stræs t` pr`pnrn eìsfgn y

psfgma÷kfgnl`it` pnrn k`stfminr sftungfmi`s `str`snit`s figr`l`itnijm an snikr` qu` aa`kn na g`r`brm, nkujfznijm tu gnpngfjnj j` r`gup`rngf÷i j` an l`lmrfn, y `xpnijf`ijm tu gnpngfjnj pnrn lni`cnr sftungfmi`s gmlpa`cns. ∙∙∙∙∙  An r`spu`stn j`a `stræs im tf`i` pmr quæ s`r i`g`snrfnl`it` i`kntfvn. J` d`gdm, uin nj`gunjn r`spu`stn na `stræs t` nyujn n pr`pnrnrt` pnrn `a trnjfik, y tnlbfæi t` pu`j` nyujnr n k`stfminr sftungfmi`s gmlpafgnjns gmi lmvflf`itms j` pr`gfm flpr`j`gfba`s. Pin r`spu`stn j` `stræs ÷ptfln pu`j` nyujnrt` n gmig`itrnrt`. Znlbfæi pu`j` nyujnrt` n lnit`i`r tu rftlm y s`kufr tus r`kans nit` s`þna`s gmieafgtfvns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Lîs naaî j` ui ifv`a ÷ptflm j` r`spu`stn æstn pu`j` s`r i`kntfvn. _u`j` dng`r qu` t` r`tfr`s n tu zmin j` gmiemrt y mp`r`s j`e`isfvnl`it`. Pi `stræs j`sl`jfjm pu`j` k`i`rnr nisf`jnj y ne`gtnr i`kntfvnl`it` n tu r`ijflf`itm. r`ijflf`itm . @a lf`jm fit`isfefgn an r`nggf÷i na `stræs y pu`j` fijugfr n gml`t`r `rrmr`s. `rrmr`s . An nisf`jnj k`i`rnjn pmr `a `stræs pu`j` j`sp`rtnr r`gu`rjms i`kntfvms j`a pnsnjm, k`i`rnijm lf`jm na erngnsm m n an grìtfgn, lnafit`rpr`tnijm ams jntms. jntms . @i r`sul`i, prmjugf`ijm lîs nisf`jnj ` fij`gfsf÷i. An nisf`jnj prmjugfjn pmr `a `stræs `s nj`lîs nitfgfpntmrfn. _u`j` prmjugfr pr`mgupngf÷i pmr an pr÷xfln mp`rngf÷i.  mp`rngf÷i.  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½G÷lm snb`s qu` pnj`g`s j`lnsfnjm `stræs= Ams sìitmlns tìpfgms smi ans pnapftngfmi`s, jfefguatnj r`spfrntmrfn, jfstrnggf÷i, t`isf÷i lusguanr, s`isfbfafjnj n ams rufjms, t`lbamr j` lnims, pærjfjn j` np`tftm. @stms np`tftm.  @stms sìitmlns su`a`i r`lftfr gunijm gmlf`izn `a trnjfik. An nisf`jnj s` su`a` prmjugfr lnymrftnrfnl`it` nit`s y j`spuæs j`a trnjfik, y im tnitm jurnit` `a lfslm. N l`jfjn qu` gr`g`s gmlm trnj`r l`cmr k`stfmins ams p`isnlf`itms i`kntfvms y an r`spu`stn j` `stræs `xg`sfvn, pmr am qu` gninafzns tu njr`inafin dngfn tu trnbncm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams `seu`rzms pmr r`jugfr an nisf`jnj, pnrnj÷cfgnl`it`, pu`j`i k`i`rnr mtrns r`spu`stns prmkrnlnjns prmkrnlnjns qu` pu`j`i ne`gtnr n an ea`xfbfafjnj j` tu trnjfik trnjfik33 >.  _r`sf÷i pnrn kninr jfi`rm 2.  _r`sf÷i pnrn im p`rj`r jfi`rm 7.  Fij`gfsf÷i nit` eaugtungfmi`s figf`rtns j`a pr`gfm 72

 

:.  Jfefguatnj pnrn gmitrmanr ans `lmgfmi`s nit` an fig`rtfjulbr` 0.  Fij`gfsf÷i smbr` `a l`cmr puitm j` `itrnjn y snafjn 5.  _r`sf÷i pnrn prmg`snr ui lmit÷i j` fiemrlngf÷i qu` s` prmjug` n krni v`amgfjnj ;.  _r`sf÷i pnrn npnr`g`r s`r`im y lnit`i`r an gmig`itrngf÷i y `a emgm `i l`jfm j` tnitn pr`sf÷i ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@stns r`spu`stns pu`j`i flp`jfrt` gr`g`r y l`cmrnr gmlm trnj`r. @stms gmlpmrtnlf`itms pu`j`i s`r njnptntfvms y t`lpmrna`s, p`rm uin v`z s` gmivf`rt`i `i pntrmi`s efcms j` gmlpmrtnlf`itm s` gmivf`rt`i `i rfkfj`z. Ams `seu`rzms pnrn r`jugfr an nisf`jnj tnlbfæi pu`j`i prmjugfr lnan fit`rpr`tngf÷i j` ams d`gdms. @stn lnan fit`rpr`tngf÷i tf`i` qu` v`r gmi `sn vmz fit`rfmr qu` ims ngmlpnþn j`sj` an fienigfn y qu` fisfst` `i qu` im smlms bu`ims, `i qu` t`i`lms qu` `sgmij`rims j` imsmtrms lfslms m j` t`rg`rms. J` d`gdm, am qu` v`lms `i `a l`rgnjm `s ui r`ea`cm j` iu`strm p`isnlf`itm nutmlîtfgm. Zus prmpfms p`isnlf`itms gr`ni `stræs y dng`i jfeìgfa qu` pu`jns mp`rnr `efgnzl`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ans r`nggfmi`s n ams `v`itms j` trnjfik, y tus r`nggfmi`s n tus prmpfns r`nggfmi`s k`i`rni `a `stræs `i tu vfjn. ½Gmi quæ er`gu`igfn a` jns ui sfkifefgnjm sfkifefgnjm nutmlîtfgm n ams `v`itms `i euigf÷i j` tu r`spu`stn `lmgfmina n ams lfslms= ½y gunijm am dng`s, gmi quæ er`gu`igfn t` aa`vn n tmlnr j`gfsfmi`s qu` r`eu`rzni `a lfslm prfigfpfm vftna= An r`spu`stn `s qu` luy n l`iujm. Pin y mtrn v`z r`spmij`s n d`gdms pr`s`it`s j` an lfsln emrln `i qu` am dngìns `i `a pnsnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a l`gnifslm bîsfgm j` an psfgmamkìn j`a `stræs `s fjæitfgm pnrn tmjns ans p`rsmins, p`rm am qu` vnrìn j` p`rsmin n p`rsmin `s an r`nggf÷i na `stræs. `stræs . J`p`ij`rî lugdm j` tu gnpngfjnj pnrn na`cnrt` j` an sftungf÷i `str`snit` jfstfikuf`ijm an r`spu`stn nutmlîtfgn j`a jfspnrnjmr j`a `stræs. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_rme`gìns qu` s` nutm gulpa`i Ams fijfvfjums jfef`r`i `i su gnpngfjnj pnrn jfstfikufr an r`spu`stn nutmlîtfgn na `stræs j` an fit`rpr`tngf÷i j`a `stræs. Gunijm tmlns uin j`gfsf÷i `i ui lml`itm j` `stræs pu`j`s `stnr r`spmijf`ijm j` emrln nutmlîtfgn fkuna qu` am dfgfst` `i `a pnsnjm. @stn r`nggf÷i pmi` `i lnrgdn ans prme`gìns qu` s` nutm gulpa`i. Ams trnj`rs ntrnpnjms `i `stn r`j im pu`j`i `sgnpnr j` `aan dnstn sus nsuigfmi`s subyng`it`s smbr` `a luijm. V aa`knr n `st` puitm `s `xtr`lnjnl`it` jfeìgfa3 77

 

  _rfl`rm s` r`quf`r` qu` t` na`c`s j` ams d`gdms pnrn d`gdms pnrn v`r su s`gu`igfn   Au`km tf`i`s qu` j`snrrmaanr dîbftms l`itna`s y j` gmlpmrtnlf`itm qu` t` nyuj`i n rmlp`r `a gìrguam vfgfmsm. vfgfmsm . I`g`sftns s`r gmisgf`it` j` tus r`spu`stns eìsfgns y `lmgfmina`s, p`rm im r`nggfminr `lmgfminal`it` n `aans. Zf`i`s qu` r`gmimg`r qu` tu fit`rpr`tngf÷i j` ams d`gdms `s `sm, uin fit`rpr`tngf÷i, y im i`g`snrfnl`it` uin j`sgrfpgf÷i `xngtn j` ams d`gdms.

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  Efinal`it`, tf`i`s qu` r`gmimg`r qu` gunaquf`r j`gfsf÷i qu` tml`s `i `a lml`itm j` an r`nggf÷i `s prmbnba` qu` s`n uin r`spu`stn `st`r`mtfpnjn gmlm an r`tfrnjn, an i`kngf÷i, an rngfminafzngf÷i m `a nbnijmim. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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@a s`gr`tm gmisfst` `i s`pnrnr ams d`gdms j` sus fit`rpr`tngfmi`s y j` ans `lmgfmi`s qu` gmiaa`vni. gmiaa`vni. Wmam `itmig`s pu`j`s gnlbfnr `a gmlpmrtnlf`itm j` trnjfik r`p`tftfvm r`p`tftfvm qu` t` bamqu`n qu` t` tf`i` bamqu`njm `i `a lfslm sftfm nþm trns nþm. ½Guîa `s `a d`gdm= ½G÷lm am fit`rpr`tm= ½G÷lm r`nggfmim `lmgfminal`it`= _u`j` aa`vnr tf`lpm y `seu`rzm gmis`kufram. Wfi `lbnrkm, uin v`z gmisfku`s an rupturn psfgma÷kfgn j`a gfgam pmjrîs gnlbfnr tu gmlpmrtnlf`itm pnrn dng`ram lîs gmisfst`it`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a `stræs y tu zmin j` gmiemrt Gunijm an nisf`jnj pmr `a `stræs gr`g` t` pmi`s i`rvfmsm, fij`gfsm, j`prflfjm. ^ufzî `lpf`zns n s`itfr qu` `stîs j`stfinjm n erngnsnr. @stns r`nggfmi`s smi `sp`gfnal`it` sfkifefgntfvns nit` kninigfns m pærjfjns sfkifefgntfvns. V aa`knjms n `st` puitm `s gunijm `a trnj`r s` pnrnafzn y `s fignpnz j` tmlnr j`gfsfmi`s j` lnit`i`r an pmsfgf÷i kninjmrn m j`sdng`r an pmsfgf÷i p`rj`jmrn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn lnit`i`r ans r`spu`stns na `stræs j`itrm j` uims aìlft`s rnzminba`s, an lnymrìn j` ams trnj`rs sflpa`l`it` `lpf`zni n euigfminr j`itrm j` ui rnikm gmiemrtnba` pnrn `aams, nuiqu` qufzî im s`n `a lîs r`itnba`. r`itnba` . @itrni `i cu`km iul`rmsms lf`jms gunijm s` mp`rn lîs naaî j` an zmin j` gmiemrt. gmiemrt . V `stms lf`jms s` prmjug`i fij`p`ijf`it`l`it` j`a gmlpmrtnlf`itm j` tus mp`rngfmi`s. ½Guîa`s smi `stms lf`jms= @a lf`jm n p`rj`r, n j`ernujnr n mtrms, n an v`rkñ`izn j` im trfuienr, n gml`t`r `rrmr`s y s`itfrs` lna. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

7:

 

Gunijm `stms trnj`rs nermitni ui iu`vm y lîs natm ifv`a j` j`s`lp`þm `itrn `i `sg`in `a jfspnrnjmr j`a `stræs. Zf`ij`i n v`ij`r y r`gmk`r b`i`efgfms smbr` an bns` j` am qu` a`s r`suatn gmiemrtnba`, y im lnitf`i`i m figr`l`itni sus pmsfgfmi`s pnrn lnxflfznr sus b`i`efgfms. @stms lfslms trnj`rs im gmrtni sus pærjfjns gunijm j`b`i dng`ram. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a pmj`r j`a pnsnjm Zó im tf`i`s nisf`jnj pmr ans rnzmi`s qu` tó pf`isns. _u`j`s t`i`r uin `xpafgngf÷i j` pmr quæ `stîs nsustnjm, m j`prflfjm, m `ienjnjm, m g`amsm. _u`j`s ntrfbufr tu s`itflf`itm ngtuna n nakm qu` dn sug`jfjm m n nakm qu` dn jfgdm nakuf`i. Am lîs prmbnba` qu` an `xp`rf`igfn ngtuna dnyn r`ngtfvnjm uin `xp`rf`igfn j`a pnsnjm. pnsnjm. @stîs  @stîs jmlfinjm pmr `a pnsnjm ‗an eu`it` j` ams gmig`ptms qu` tfþ`i tus p`rg`pgfmi`s smbr` `a l`rgnjm, smbr` tus prmpfms p`isnlf`itms, y smbr` ms p`isnlf`itms j` mtrms. @stms gmig`ptms, qu` ym aanlm ‑`a prfigfpfm j` an vfjn“, smi `a emgm prfigfpna j` tu dfstmrfna

p`rsmina. @a prfigfpfm j` an vfjn `s `a ióga`m j` tmjns tus prme`gìns nutm gulpafjns. gulpafjns.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zó npafgns n tmjns ans sftungfmi`s ui gmicuitm j` a`it`s m p`rsp`gtfvns figaufjns `i `a prfigfpfm j` an vfjn emrlnjm `i `a pnsnjm. pnsnjm . @stns a`it`s figafini tus r`nggfmi`s n tmjns ans sftungfmi`s j` trnjfik. N l`iujm lnafit`rpr`tns an nggf÷i j`a pr`gfm y smam v`s am qu` vfst` nit`s y am qu` `sp`rns `sp`rns v`r. @a lfslm prfigfpfm s` npafgn npafgn ams gmig`ptms smbr` tf tf lfslm y smbr` ams j`lîs, qu` `stîi gmamr`njms pmr `xp`rf`igfns pnsnjns qu` aflftni tu euigfminlf`itm `i `a luijm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wup`rnijm an nisf`jnj Zmjm `stm `s flpmrtnit` pnrn tf gmlm trnj`r sf quf`r`s rmlp`r gmi ams dîbftms qu` t` flpfj`i dng`r trnjfik nquì y ndmrn, y `lp`znr n mp`rnr j` uin emrln prmngtfvn. Gunijm npr`ij`s n mbs`rvnr tus p`isnlf`itms t`l`rmsms, s`rîs gnpnz j` r`jugfr su fit`isfjnj utfafznijm ams lætmjms vfstms nit`rfmrl`it`  nit`rfmrl`it`   (ymkn, tnfgdì, vfsunafzngf÷i r`spfrngf÷i, `tg). _u`j` sminr smsp`gdmsm, p`rm `stns tægifgns pnrnrîi jfsfpnrîi tu lf`jm, gmrtnrîi tus r`mgupngfmi`s pmr `v`itms `xt`rims, y t` nyujnrîi n nagniznr ui `stnjm g`itrnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a l`rm d`gdm j` r`spfrnr a`itn y prmeuijnl`it` j` emrln j`afb`rnjn yn t` prmjug` gnaln.. Gnjn r`spfrngf÷i qu` r`nafzns t` nyujn n lmjfefgnr tu r`nggf÷i psfgma÷kfgn gnaln nutmlîtfgn nit` `a `stræs. Gunitm lîs am prngtfqu`s l`cmr k`stfminrîs tu `stræs. `stræs . 70

 

∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pin v`z npr`ij`s n mbs`rvnrams d`gdms mbc`tfvnl`it`, `i v`z j` dng`ram `i euigf÷i j` tus r`spu`stns nutmlîtfgns y nl`inznjmrns, `it`ij`rîs qu` im smi an gnusn j` tu nisf`jnj. nisf`jnj. Pin v`z s`ns gmisgf`it` j` qu` tus `xpafgngfmi`s im smi gmrr`gtns, y qu` im i`g`sftns smbr` r`nggfminr, an sftungf÷i s` tmrinrî lîs i`utrna y l`ims `str`snit`. @s lîs, s`rîs gnpnz j` mp`rnr j` emrln lîs `efgnz y j` sngnr tmjm tu pmt`igfna. _mjrîs `a`kfr mtrms prfigfpfms j` trnjfik sfi t`l`r na pnsnjm y n tus aìlft`s dnbftuna`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ninafznijm ams jntms qu` i`g`sftns pnrn flpa`l`itnr tu `strnt`kfn j` trnjfik, y im sf`ijm gmitrmanjm pmr tu mbs`sf÷i j` kninr m p`rj`r, pmijrîs tu emgm `i `a trnjfik sfi s`itfr `stræs. `stræs. @stm `s pnrtfguanrl`it` flpmrtnit` n am anrkm j` ui jìn j` trnjfik, gunijm tf`i`s qu` s`r gnpnz j` gmig`itrnrt` smam `i dng`r am qu` `s i`g`snrfm s`kói tu `strnt`kfn `i v`z j` p`isnr tnitm `i tus mbc`tfvms m `i ans gmis`gu`igfns j`a trnjfik. Jmlfinijm gf`rtns tæ tægifgns gifgns j` r`jugg r`juggf÷i f÷i j` an nisf`jnj pmjrî pmjrîss `xpnijfr tus ermit`rns j` gmiemrt y `lp`znr n subfr tu ifv`a j` trnjfik.

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Wup`rnr `rrmr`s gmlui`s N tmjms ims sug`j` tnrj` m t`lprnim. @a j`snstr` ims kmap`n. Gunijm `a l`rgnjm vn `i iu`strn gmitrn ans r`spu`stns nit` `a `stræs s` lnifef`stni gmlm lnan fit`rpr`tngf÷i y smbr` r`nggf÷i. r`nggf÷i. @a r`suatnjm efina3 mv`rtrnjfik, nbnijmim j`a trnjfik, y sustnigfna`s pærjfjns lmi`tnrfns m lfiósguans kninigfns. @st` pntr÷i p`rsfstfrî dnstn qu` j`snrrmaa`s uin r`spu`stn lîs prmngtfvn n ams `v`itms njv`rsms. njv`rsms . @st` gmlpmrtnlf`itm fisntfsengtmrfm fisntfsengtmrfm `s enlfafnr n tmjms ams trnj`rs. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu lf`jm fit`isfefgn `a `stræs y `lpf`zns n r`gmrjnr mp`rngfmi`s enaafjns j`a pnsnjm8 y `itmig`s j`jfgns tu tf`lpm n pr`mgupnrt` pmr ams j`snstrmsms `v`itms euturms qu` pu`j`i prmjugfrs`. @i `st` `stnjm l`itna ifikói trnj`r pu`j` ninafznr `a l`rgnjm rngfminal`it` m panifefgnr uin `strnt`kfn gmi gmiefnizn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_uitms j` pnrnjn @stn s`gu`igfn j` r`nggfmi`s, fit`rpr`tngfmi`s, fit`rpr`tngfmi`s, y j`gfsfmi`s njmptnjns `i `a lml`itm j` an r`nggf÷i n ans gmijfgfmi`s njv`rsns j`a l`rgnjm, `stn s`rf` j` fj`ns i`kntfvns qu` t` flpfj`i `stnr pa`inl`it` g`itrnjm `i ans mpmrtuifjnj`s j`a l`rgnjm, gmistftuy`i am qu` aanlm ui ‑puitm j` ntnsgm“. ∙∙∙∙∙  Pi ‑puitm j` ntnsgm“ pu`j` trnjugfrs` `i an nus`igfn j` ui mbc`tfvm j` trnjfik. _u`j`

rngfminafznr tu pmsfgf÷i gmlm sntfsengtmrfn, gunijm `i r`nafjnj pmjrìns nsulfr ui lnymr rf`skm. _u`j` r`ea`cnr ui prfigfpfm j` vfjn gmisfst`it` `i mp`rnr j` an emrln dnbftuna, kmb`rinjn pmr gafgdæs j`a tfpm ‑`stî bf`i“, ‑iuign pfjns nyujn“, ‑iuign njlftns an j`rrmtn“.  ∙∙∙∙∙  Ntrnpnjm pmr an nisf`jnj, `a trnj`r ‑ntnsgnjm“ `s fignpnz j` s`kufr an t`ij`igfn j`a

l`rgnjm, j` gmrtnr sus pærjfjns, j` j`cnr s`kufr sus b`i`efgfms. V am qu` `s lîs flpmrtnit`, `st` tfpm j` trnj`rs smi fignpng`s j` s`kufr sus r`kans. r`kans . Pi tfpm j` trnj`r r`gdnzn nsulfr lîs rf`skm `i uin pmsfgf÷i bu`in y gmiefrlnjn. Mtrm tfpm j` trnj`r flpngf`it` pu`j` r`gmk`r ams b`i`efgfms nit`s j` tf`lpm. V mtrm tfpm j` trnj`r `kmìstn pu`j` r`gdnznr utfafznr stmp amss`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn s`r gnpnz j` mp`rnr lîs prmngtfvnl`it` j`b`s prfl`rm snb`r gunijm dns nagniznjm ui ‑puitm j` ntnsgm“ y `stîs dngf`ijm trnjfik gmi `a pfamtm nutmlîtfgm

7;

 

pu`stm. @i `a ‑puitm j` ntnsgm“ tus lf`jms y tus tus gr``igfns t` flpfj`i `itrnr j`  j`  aa`im `i `a sfkuf`it` lml`itm, `i an sfkuf`it` mpmrtuifjnj, y `i gnlbfm sfku`s ntrnpnjm `i pnutns j` trnjfik r`p`tftfvns y pmsfba`l`it` j`strugtfvns. _nrn sup`rnr `stms puitms j` ntnsgm tf`i`s qu` `lp`znr pmr v`r ams `v`itms j`a l`rgnjm gmlm i`utrna`s, y k`stfminrams `i tærlfims j` tus mbc`tfvms, im `i tærlfims j` vf`cns gr``igfns gml `a lf`jm n am j`sgmimgfjm. ∙∙∙∙∙  R`gmimg`r qu` `stîs `i ui ‑puitm j` ntnsgm“ `s ui krni prfl`r pnsm pnrn k`stfminr

`a lf`jm, `a `stræs, y an jfsgfpafin `i `a trnjfik. trnjfik. Ams trnj`rs pu`j`i `igmitrnr jfeìgfa r`iuigfnr sus vf`cms dîbftms pmrqu` na dng`ram ngtóni `i gmitrn j` sus nutm gmig`ptms i`kntfvms. Am qu` subyng` `s `a lf`jm na gnlbfm. @stms trnj`rs tf`i`i lf`jm n gmlprml`t`rs` gmi ui mbc`tfvm lnymr. Dnzt` ans sfkuf`it`s pr`kuitns pnrn snb`r sf `stîs `i ui puitm j` ntnsgm m euigfminijm gmi tmjm tu pmt`igfna3   ½`stîs jfspu`stm n nbnijminr nsp`gtms j` tu prfigfpfm j` vfjn qu` t` flpfj`i npr`ij`r iu`vns tægifgns j` trnjfik=   ½`stîs jfspu`stm n efcnrt` mbc`tfvms j` trnjfik lnymr`s y uin `strnt`kfn gmisfst`it` gmi `sms mbc`tfvms, y au`km gmlprml`t`rt` n mp`rnr j` ngu`rjm n `sn `strnt`kfn=   ½`stîs jfspu`stm n r`kfstrnr ams puitms j` `itrnjn y snafjn, nsì gmlm `a stmp, pnrn gnjn mp`rngf÷i qu` vns n r`nafznr=   ½`stîs jfspu`stm n gnaguanr tus b`i`efgfms y tus pærjfjns n efi j` snb`r g÷lm dns t`rlfinjm `a jìn‖    ½`stîs jfspu`stm n ninafznr tus mp`rngfmi`s pnrn npr`ij`r `i am qu` dnyns pmjfjm enaanr=   ½`stîs jfspu`stm n j`snrrmaanr pnrîl`trms j` l`jfjn j` tu j`s`lp`þm pnrn snb`r quæ i`g`sftns dng`r=

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  ½`stîs jfspu`stm n r`gmimg`r qu` pnrn sup`rnr tus ‑puitms j` ntnsgm2 i`g`sftns an vmauitnj j` nsulfr rf`skms=

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R`pftf`ijm `rrmr`s dnbftuna`s Nakuims trnj`rs r`pft`i gf`rtms `rrmr`s j` trnjfik pmrqu` `a dîbftm y su t`lp`rnl`itm, y im su `strnt`kfn j` trnjfik, jfgtni su gmlpmrtnlf`itm. gmlpmrtnlf`itm . Wf `r`s gmisgf`it` j` tus pr`jfa`ggfmi`s `stnrîs l`cmr pr`pnrnjm pnrn sup`rnrans gunijm ams `rrmr`s dnbftuna`s nsml`i an gnb`zn. Gmlm an lnymrìn j` imsmtrms `s prmbnba` qu` dnyns `stnjm gmijfgfminjm j`sj` t`lprnin `jnj pnrn `vftnr gml`t`r `rrmr`s, m na l`ims lfiflfznrams, m figausm mbvfnrams. @a trnjfik `s uin mgupngf÷i qu` mer`g` n ams trnj`rs lugdns emrlns j` `sgmij`r sus `rrmr`s, j` rngfminafznrams, m j` guapnr n mtrms. Figausm gmi `stms `rrmr`s s` pu`j`i kninr an vfjn. Wfi vfjn.  Wfi `lbnrkm, r`gmimg`rams 74

 

gmlm pmt`igfna`s `xp`rf`igfns j` npr`ijfznc` pu`j`i gmistftufr d`rrnlf`itns j` gr`gflf`itm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Fignpngfjnj j` gmrtnr uin pærjfjn @s ui nxfmln j` l`rgnjm qu` an lnymrìn j` trnj`rs `s prmbnba` qu` s` `qufvmqu`i na l`ism `a 0?% j`a tf`lpm. Rnrnl`it` sup`rnrîs `a 5?% j`a tf`lpm. _`rm s`n guna s`n `a pmrg`itnc` j` ngf`rtms qu` t`ikns, tf`i`s qu` s`r gnpnz j` g`rrnr uin pærjfjn y gmitfiunr. Ams trnj`rs p`rj`jmr`s s` emgnafzni `i sus pærjfjns. pærjfjns . V sf tf`i`i ui lna jìn y im quf`r`i nsulfr an pærjfjn j`cni qu` `tn s` nkrnv` gmi an `sp`rnizn j` qu` s` j` an vu`atn. Na g`itrnrs` `i su lnan sftungf÷i, `i v`z j` dng`ram `i ans gmsns iu`vns, pf`rj`i mpmrtuifjnj`s.

R`gdnzm n g`rrnr pmsfgfmi`s p`rj`jmrns Nuiqu` pu`jn s`r inturna t`i`r an `sp`rnizn j` qu` uin pmsfgf÷i p`rj`jmrn pu`jn jnrs` an vu`atn, am gf`rtm `s qu` im sug`j`. Ams lnst`r trnj`rs `vftni `irmgnrs` `i pmsfgfmi`s p`rj`jmrns. Ams lnst`r trnj`rs jfg`i ‑eu`rn, puitm“. Wf s` `igu`itrni `i uin lnan pmsfgf÷i. Lnitf`i`i ans pmsfgfmi`s qu` euigfmini.

Mp`rnr j`sj` ans `lmgfmi`s An lnymrìn j` trnj`rs  trnj`rs  gmieìni `i su fistfitm pnrn mp`rnr, y an lnymr pnrt` j` su trnjfik, `sp`gfnal`it` gunijm `s `str`snit`, s` bnsn `i `seu`rzms pnrn gmitrmanr sus `lmgfmi`s. Zf`i`i jfefguatnj `i j`snrrmaanr an jfsgfpafin, pngf`igfn, y panifefgngf÷i pnrn kninr. kninr. Zmlni sus j`gfsfmi`s bnsnjns `i gmrnzminjns `i v`z j` fiv`stfknr an l`cmr emrln j` dng`ram y quæ s` i`g`sftn pnrn nagniznr `a mbc`tfvm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½G÷lm ne`gtni i`kntfvnl`it` ans `lmgfmi`s n tu trnjfik= Nakuims trnj`rs s` lu`strns gmlpangf`it`s j`spuæs j` kninr pmrqu` s` sf`it`i ‑nemrtuinjms“. Mtrms s` sf`it`s gmlpangf`it`s j`spuæs j` p`rj`r pmrqu` gmisfj`rni `s su ‑j`stfim“. Ams

lnst`r trnj`rs iuign s` lu`strni gmlpangf`it`s. gmlpangf`it`s. @aams s` g`itrni `i `a prmg`sm, im `i ams r`suatnjms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn sup`rnr an prmp`isf÷i n mp`rnr `lmgfminal`it` s` r`quf`r` ui gmlprmlfsm gmisgf`it` gmi mbc`tfvms `sp`gìefgms j` trnjfik. @stm sfkifefgn efcnr ui mbc`tfvm, j`snrrmaanr uin `strnt`kfn, y `igmitrnr ui lætmjm na qu` s`kufr. s`kufr. Pi mbc`tfvm t` lnitf`i` r`antfvnl`it` `qufafbrnjm `itr` p`rfmjms bu`ims y lnams y `vftn qu` t` nburrns. 76

 

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Dny vnrfns gmsns qu` s` pu`j`i dng`r pnrn nv`rfkunr quæ pnrt` j` tus `lmgfmi`s `itrn `i cu`km `i `a æxftm m erngnsm j` tu trnjfik. _mr `c`lpam, aa`vnr ui jfnrfm j` tus `lmgfmi`s pnrn pmj`r s`kufr tu `vmaugf÷i y v`r tus prmkr`sms. Gmi `stn fiemrlngf÷i `sgrftn y j`tnaanjn pu`j`s s`kufr tu `vmaugf÷i y `igmitrnr nyujn n tus prmba`lns.  prmba`lns.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Mtrn bu`in nyujn pnrn k`stfminr tus `lmgfmi`s `s gmlpnrtfr tus s`itflf`itms gmi mtrms.. Dnbanijm j` tus s`itflf`itms `i `a trnjfik pu`j`s mìrt` am qu` r`nal`it` mtrms pf`isns y g÷lm `aam ne`gtn n tu trnjfik. Na `sgugdnr n mtrms pu`j`s gmlprmbnr qu` tf`i`i ams lfslm s`itflf`itms qu` tó trntns j` sup`rnr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Np`knrs` n ui l`rgnjm Wf `stîs gmlprml`tfjm gmi `a æxftm æxftm im t` pu`j`s p`rlftfr `a aucm j` mp`rnr am qu` t` np`t`zgn smbr` uin bns` `lmgfmina. Wf ans `stnjìstfgns j`lu`strni qu` im `stîs kninijm jfi`rm j`b`s gmisfj`rnr j`cnr j` mp`rnr `s` l`rgnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gmistruy` uin `strnt`kfn im `i tmrim n am qu` t` kustn, sfim smbr` nqu`aam qu` j` v`rjnj euigfmin. euigfmin. Np`knrs` n ui l` l`rgnjm rgnjm m n ui s`gtmr ``ss lna dîbftm. An `x `xp`rf`igfn p`rf`igfn im sfkifefgn i`g`snrfnl`it` lnjur`z `i `a cu`km j`a trnjfik. Dny trnj`rs qu` aa`vni mp`rnijm 2? nþms y sfku`i gml`tf`ijm ams lfslms `rrmr`s pmr ams vf`cms dîbftms.

Mp`rnr pnrn im p`rj`r Nakuims trnj`rs `ilnsgnrni su lf`jm n p`rj`r prmt`kf`ijm sus kninigfns. Gunijm aa`vns uins j`t`rlfinjns kninigfns nguluanjns j`cni j` mp`rnr, u mp`rni gmi lugdn pr`gnugf÷i pnrn `vftnr p`rj`r am kninjm, y dnstn `a pr÷xflm l`s im vu`av`i n mp`rnr gmi imrlnafjnj. V `s pr`gfsnl`it` gunijm `lpf`zns n trntnr j` gmis`rvnr am kninjm y prmt`k`rt` j` im p`rj`r gunijm t` `xpmi`s n ui lnymr rf`skm.  rf`skm.  

_`rj`r j`spuæs j` kninr Jìns kninjmr`s smi s`kufjms pmr jìns p`rj`jmr`s p`rj`jmr`s.. Dny vnrfns rnzmi`s. Nakuims Nakuims trnj`rs  trnj`rs s` sf`it`i guapnba`s y gr``i qu` im s` l`r`g`i kninr. kninr. Mtrms pf`rj`i su `qufafbrfm, s` sf`it`i `ue÷rfgms y r`ancni su jfsgfpafin. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Am qu` `s nbsmautnl`it` ganrm `s qu` uin v`z nagnizns ui ifv`a y t` jns gu`itn j` qu` im `rn tni jurm, tf`i`s qu` gr`nr uin iu`vn `xp`gtntfvn, ui iu`vm ifv`a. Zf`i`s qu` `igmitrnr iu`vns fj`ns y `c`gutnrans. @a gmig`ptm j` ui lnymr mbc`tfvm fieaufrî `i tu trnjfik. Zf`i`s qu` mavfjnr an gr``igfn j` qu` im vn n sug`j`r gnjn jìn.  jìn.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Lf`jm n `c`gutnr tus pnutns Im tf`i`s qu` mb`j`g`r tmjms tus p`isnlf`itms. @sgugdn tu gmiv`rsngf÷i fit`rfmr, p`rm im pr`st`s nt`igf÷i n an vmz fit`rfmr qu` t` jfg` ‑Wmy ui trnj`r imb`a“, ‑Zmjnvìn im sæ suefgf`it`“, ‑l`cmr `sp`rm n t`i`r lîs fiemrlngf÷i“. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_u`j` s`r qu` t`ikns an gmiefrlngf÷i j` uin pnutn an prfl`rn v`z qu` an mp`rns. Zf`i`s qu` vnamrnr qu` qufzî tus jujns t` aa`v`i n j`lmrnr tu pnsm n an nggf÷i busgnijm fiemrlngf÷i njfgfmina p`rm fii`g`snrfn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunaquf`rn s`n an gmsn qu` pf`isns j` tf y tu trnjfik  ‗‑t`ikm `stn p`rsminafjnj“, ‑smy j`lnsfnjm imvntm“, ‑smy j`lnsfnjm vf`cm“- prmjug`i fit`re`r`igfns `i tus p`isnlf`itms r`sp`gtm j` an mp`rngf÷i qu` tf`i`s n lnim. Ams p`isnlf`itms `lmgfmina`s tf`i`i qu` s`r j`t`gtnjms, p`rm dny qu` `gdîrs`ams n an `spnajn pnrn gmisfj`rnrams `i mtrm lml`itm. Ifikuim j` `aams tf`i` injn qu` v`r gmi `a trnjfik. An prfigfpna jfe`r`igfn `itr` `a lnst`r trnj`r y `a fi`xp`rtm `s qu` nquæa gmieìn `i sus fistfitms y pr`stn pmgn nt`igf÷i na rufjm l`itna.

G÷lm sngnr prmv`gdm j` tus `rrmr`s Gunijm `lpf`zns n pr`kuitnrt` quæ i`g`sftns pnrn l`cmrnr tu trnjfik, tf`i`s qu` `lp`znr n dng`r tmjn gans` j` gmsns qu` im dng`s dnbftunal`it`. dnbftunal`it` . Wf im fiv`stfkns, tf`i`s qu` fiv`stfknr, pmr `c`lpam. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½Pi mbc`tfvm= Nagniznr `a puitm j` gmigf`igfn `i `a qu` j`t`gtns tus p`isnlf`itms nutmlîtfgms. Æs` nutmlîtfgms.  Æs` `s pr`gfsnl`it` `a prfl`r pnsm pnrn gmitrmanrams. Gunijm imtns qu` `stîs `lp`znijm n s`itfrt` i`rvfmsm, t`l`rmsm, y `stîi `lp`znijm n vmav`r n ams vf`cms dîbftms, `s `a lml`itm j` pnsnr j` `sms p`isnlf`itms y vmav`r n tu trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zó im pu`j`s gmitrmanr ams l`rgnjms, p`rm sì t` pu`j`s gmitrmanr n tf lfslm. V pnrn gmis`kufr `st` gmitrma tf`i`s qu` npr`ij`r n v`r g÷lm `sms p`isnlf`itms fieauy`i :>

 

`i tu trnjfik. Npr`ij`r n gnlbfnr `sms pntrmi`s j` gmlpmrtnlf`itm `s `a ióga`m g`itrna j` Zrnjfik pnrn kninr. Znlbfæi an dulfajnj cu`kn ui pnp`a flpmrtnit` pnrn trntnr gmi l`rgnjms qu` gnlbfni gmistnit`l` gmistnit`l`it`. it`. _u`j` qu` t`ikns qu` njlftfr qu` am t` euigfminbn ny`r yn im t` euigfmin dmy. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Im `s ui prmg`sm s`igfaam. Zmjms t`i`lms qu` jnr an gnrn n iu`strms j`lmifms flpngf`igfn, lf`jm, p`isnlf`itms i`kntfvms- gunijm `stnlms nit` uin mp`rngf÷i. @i `a jny trnjfik pu`j`s kninr uin emrtuin m p`rj`r dnstn an gnlfsn. Gunitm l`cmr `r`s l`cmr dns jmlfinjm tu nisf`jnj qu` t` aa`vn n gml`t`r ams `rrmr`s dnbftuna`s.

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@a _mj`r j`a Gnlbfm An ganv` j` `st` afbrm `s3 `s r`nal`it` pmsfba` npr`ij`r ams prfigfpfms j` ams krnij`s trnj`rs. Gr`m qu` `a v`rjnj`rm prmp÷sftm j` `stn vfjn `s neamrnr y j`snrrmaanr ams tna`itms qu` aa`vnlms `i iu`strm fit`rfmr, y `a trnjfik `s ui t`rr`im fj`na pnrn dng`ram. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Nsulfr an r`spmisnbfafjnj sfkifefgn gmitfiunr dngf`ijm am qu` prmjug` r`suatnjms `xftmsms. V `xftmsms.  V smi pmgns p mgns ans p`rsmins gnpng`s j` lnit`i`r æxftms gmitfiunjms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gmlm s` dn jfgdm `i `st` afbrm, `a æxftm r`quf`r` an prml`sn gmisgf`it` j` ui r`suatnjm euturm sfi an g`rt`zn m knrnitìn j`a lfslm. lfslm . @stm sfkifefgn mavfjnrs` j`a gmiemrt j` dîbftms y gr``igfns j`a pnsnjm, y `a j`s`m j` `itrnr `i an fig`rtfjulbr` y am j`sgmimgfjm kufnjms s÷am pmr uin krni vfsf÷i fit`rin.

An Znpnj`rn @s pnrnj÷cfgm qu` `a r`gdnzm n r`gmimg`r iu`strm lf`jm, jmamr, t`isf÷i, y mtrms s`itflf`itms j`snkrnjnba`s, gmitrfbuy` n p`rp`tunr `sms s`itflf`itms. Jn ui natm lîs naaî j`a dmym j` tu lf`jm, nuiqu` im s`n eîgfa. Ptfafznijm an l`tîemrn, `a æxftm sfkifefgn snatnr na nkun. J` `sm `s j` am qu` t`i`lms lf`jm. Im qu`r`lms j`sgubrfr am vuai`rnba`s qu` smlms. Iu`strm smlms. Iu`strm gmrnz÷i ant` n tmjn lnrgdn. Gnsf im pmj`lms trnknr. Ims enatn `a nfr`. Lugdms trnj`rs pr`t`ij`i gr``rs` qu` iuign tf`i`i lf`jm, `ivfjfn, nisf`jnj, g`ams m frn. Zrntni j` gmitrmanr sus `lmgfmi`s gmlm sf t`i`r `s` gmitrma eu`rn am l`cmr. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Im dny injn lnam `i s`itfr nisf`jnj m lf`jm. _`rlìt`t` s`itfr am qu` sf`it`s y qu` au`km s` pns`. pns`. Im dnkns fit`rpr`tngfmi`s jrnlîtfgns m trîkfgns j` tus s`itflf`itms. Zmjms t`i`lms jfspnrnjmr`s `lmgfmina`s j` iu`strm pnsnjm, qu` pu`j`i t`i`r sfkifefgnjm m im t`i`ram. W`r dulnim r`pr`s`itn s`itfr j`snsmsf`km y trntnr j` mguatnr am qu` s`itflms. Ims dni `is`þnjm n dng`ram nsì. Knstnlms ui lmit÷i j` `i`rkìn `i iu`strn vfjn trntnijm j` `sgmij`r am qu` s`itflms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf im trntns j` gmitrmanr tus s`itflf`itms, pmjrîs s`r tni pmj`rmsm gmlm s`ns gnpnz. Ptfafzn tu `i`rkìn pnrn mp`rnr l`cmr pmrqu` im i`g`sftns utfafznr uin tnpnj`rn `lmgfmina. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Gunitm lîs t` r`sfstns m if`ku`s tus s`itflf`itms, lîs p`rsfst`it`s s`rîi. s`rîi . Ngtunlms j`e`isfvnl`it` pnrn prmt`k`r iu`strm `km, iu`strn nutm flnk`i, y `aam r`eu`rzn an imgf÷i j` qu` t`i`lms nakm qu` `sgmij`r. @stn r`nggf÷i j`e`isfvn ims flpfj` eaufr gmi iu`strm trnjfik y r`gmimg`r qu` ans eaugtungfmi`s j`a l`rgnjm im smi nakm p`rsmina. Wf `r`s nbf`rtm, sf p`rlft`s sflpa`l`it` qu` ams `v`itms eauyni sfi r`spmij`r j` uin emrln r`ngtfvn, `stms s`itflf`itms s` jfsfpnrîi. jfsfpnrîi . V im gmistftufrî, uin r`s`rvn j` r`nggfmi`s i`kntfvns `i an qu` j`rrmgdnrîs `i`rkìns `ilnsgnrnijm tus r`nggfmi`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu æxftm tf`i` qu` v`r gmi tu gmlp`t`igfn, im gmi am qu` npnr`itns. npnr`itns . _`rm tó t` k`i`rns uin krni gnitfjnj j` `stræs gunijm t`l`s qu` nakuf`i j`sgubrn qu` tf`i`s lf`jm, y `itmig`s pf`rj`s tu pmj`r. Zf`i`s an i`g`sfjnj j` npnr`itnr qu` `r`s gmlp`t`it`. V tni prmitm nakuf`i t` j`sgubr` uin fignpngfjnj t`l`s qu` tu lîsgnrn, tu tnpnj`rn, s` gnfkn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm afkns tu æxftm n tu flnk`i sf`it`s qu` gml`t`s ui ernuj` y tf`i`s qu` npnr`itnr s`r y t`i`r. V n l`jfjn qu` vns t`if`ijm æxftm sfi r`gmimg`r qufæi `r`s, an t`isf÷i `i tu fit`rfmr gr`g`. _u`j`s nagniznr `a æxftm sfi s`itfrt` `xftmsm.  `xftmsm.  

@stî bf`i guapnr n tus pnjr`s An rnz÷i pnrn `a lf`jm `s sflpa`. _rfl`rm, an r`iuigfn n ans j`e`isns prmjug` lf`jm. W`kuijm, tu sfst`ln j`e`isfvm t` dng` mp`rnr j` uin emrln pr`j`gfba`. V nuiqu` tu sfst`ln j`e`isfvm t` `stnbfafzn, tnlbfæi t` r`strfik` an mpmrtuifjnj j` an `spmitni`fjnj, mrfkfinafjnj, y an gr`ntfvfjnj `i tu trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zu sfst`ln j`e`isfvm s` bnsn `i ams r`gu`rjms, r`gu`rjms , figaufjns ans r`spu`stns j` tus pnjr`s dngfn tf gunijm `rns ui ifþm. Znlbfæi s` bnsn `i r`gu`rjms j` mtrns k`it`s qu` dfgf`rmi cufgfms ng`rgn j` am qu` tó pmjìns s`r, y j` guîi bu`im m im `rns. Lugdms j` `stms r`gu`rjms i`kntfvms `s prmbnba` qu` `itr`i `i cu`km gnjn v`z qu` nermitns ui iu`vm prmy`gtm. prmy`gtm. @stms r`gu`rjms npnr`g`i gmlm ‑gmiv`rsngfmi`s“ j` tus p`isnlf`itms, y qu` t` pr`vf`i`i j` ams ‑p`afkrms qu` t` vns n `igmitrnr“ m j` am ‑finj`gunjm“ qu` `stîs pani`nijm dng`r. Z` lnitf`i`i `i `a dmym j`a lf`jm, y

p`rp`tóni tus pr`j`gfba`s pntrmi`s j`a pnsnjm.  pnsnjm.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An prfigfpna rnz÷i pmr an qu` im nagnizns tu v`rjnj`rm pmt`igfna `s pmrqu` an enatn j` e` `i tu nutæitfgm ym, y pmr an nt`igf÷i y gr`jfbfafjnj qu` a` pr`stns n tus ::

 

gmiv`rsngfmi`s fit`rins, n tus fit`rpr`tngfmi`s ng`rgn j` tf lfslm. lfslm . @s dmrn j` ng`ptnr an fj`n j` qu` gunijm im nagnizns `a æxftm s` j`b` n qu` ams r`gu`rjms jmlfini tu trnjfik y enbrfgns uin prme`gìn j` nutmgulpaflf`itm. Zu pmt`igfna p`rlni`g` naaì `sp`rnijm n s`r j`stnpnjm, p`rm tó im `r`s gmisgf`it` j` `aam pmrqu` mp`rns `i tærlfims j` uin fj`itfjnj niganjn `i r`gu`rjms r`ngtfvms. r`ngtfvms . @stn fj`itfjnj mbsma`tn p`sn smbr` tf, y `stî gnrknjn j` lftms smbr` `a æxftm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm `lpf`g`s n s`itfrt` pr`sfminjm `s ótfa qu` t` pr`kuit`s n quæ `stîs r`spmijf`ijm.. Gmi tmjn prmbnbfafjnj an r`spu`stn s`rî j`e`isfvn m j` r`spu`stn r`spmijf`ijm nutmlîtfgn, am qu` t` dng` jfeìgfa r`ancnrt` y r`spmij`r nprmpfnjnl`it` n tus pr`s`it`s mp`rngfmi`s.

Bamqu`njm `i `a pnsnjm @stnr ‑bamqu`njm `i `a pnsnjm“ n l`iujm bmrj`n `a pîifgm. @i `s` `stnjm l`itna tus

p`isnlf`itms `s prmbnba` qu` s` emgnafg`i `i tus erngnsms j`a pnsnjm, am qu` lnkifefgn ams mbstîguams qu` tf`i`s pmr j`anit`. Zf`i`s ui `xnk`rnjm lf`jm na erngnsm, am qu` nitfgfpn burans y r`gdnzm pmr pnrt` j` t`rg`rms, y pu`j`s `lp`znr n ngtunr gmlm sf `a erngnsm eu`rn fi`vftnba`. J` d`gdm, ans `xp`gtntfvns i`kntfvns k`i`rnjns `i `a pnsnjm tmlni emrln j` prme`gìn j` nutm gulpaflf`itm qu` pu`j` prmjugfr `a r`suatnjm t`lfjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_`rgfbfr `a luijm n trnvæs j`a lf`jm t` dng` s`itfrt` j`sprmt`kfjm, nisfms nisfmsm, m, pnrnafznjm ` figafinjm n `xnk`rnr tus j`bfafjnj`s y gnr`igfns. @stm prmjug` prmba`lns njfgfmina`s. Im pu`j`s gmiefnr if `i tus r`gursms if `i tu pani j` trnjfik. @a lf`jm t` r`jug` tu gnpngfjnj j` r`spu`stn y j` njnptngf÷i. Z` pu`j`s s`itfr pnrnafznjm `i sftungfmi`s j` natn pr`sf÷i. An gmigf`igfn j` j`sprmt`ggf÷i gmlbfinjn gmi `a lf`jm pu`j` fit`isfefgnr an s`isngf÷i j` j`snlpnrm, j` enatn j` `i`rkìn, y na flpuasm j` nbnijminr `a trnjfik. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Mp`rnr `i tærlfims j` flîk`i`s j`a pnsnjm pu`j` jfefguatnrt` `a njnptnrt` n ams gnlbfms. Kmb`rinjm pmr `a gmig`ptm j` lfiflfznr `a `stræs n an v`z qu` npnr`itns gmlp`t`igfn t` pu`j` gmijugfr n efcnr mbc`tfvms frr`nafstn y `xnk`rnjms, m `xnk`rnjnl`it`` bncms, n efcnrt` j`lnsfnjms mbc`tfvms. `xnk`rnjnl`it ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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@i r`sul`i, `a lf`jm `s `a `e`gtm lîs gmlói qu` lnifpuan tu `stnjm `lmgfmina. @vftnr `a lf`jm n tmjn gmstn `s dnbftuna `itr` an k`it` pr`mgupnjn gmi ams r`suatnjms, pmrqu` gr``i qu` ams r`suatnjms smi ui r`ea`cm j` `aams lfslm. lfslm .

Im n ans i`kngfmi`s Ans p`rsmins lîs gr`ntfvns smi gnpng`s j` njlftfr sus lf`jms, j` r`gmimg`r sus erngnsms, y n p`snr j` `aam s`kufr nj`anit` dnstn nagniznr sus mbc`tfvms., sfi g`snr iugn `i `a `seu`rzm n p`snr j` ans prmbnbfafjnj`s. @a nsp`gtm ganv` y grìtfgm `s r`gmimg`r y njlftfr `a erngnsm, y n p`snr j` `aam s`kufr nj`anit`. nj`anit` . Zdmlns @jfsmi dfzm 2666 `xp`rfl`itms nit`s j` fiv`itnr an bmlbfaan `aægtrfgn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@st` t`rr`im j`a `seu`rzm emgnafznjm `i ui `itmrim j` `stræs `s am qu` prmjug` ams r`suatnjms `sp`gtnguanr`s `sp`gtnguanr`s `i tmjms ams gnlpms y eng`tns. Pi lnst`r trnj`r im if`kn an pr`s`igfn j` an fig`rtfjulbr`, j` an nisf`jnj, m j`a lf`jm, m j`rrmgdn `i`rkìn tnpnijm sus r`spu`stns `lmgfmina`s m `aujf`ijm `a lîxflm `seu`rzm y gmig`itrngf÷i pnrn npnr`itnr `stnr r`ancnjm. Ams lnst`r trnj`rs dni npr`ijfjm n jfstfikufr `itr` `a gmlprmlfsm gmisgf`it` gmi ui mbc`tfvm efinigf`rm y an inturna figafingf÷i n busgnr `a gmiemrt, gmiemrt , m `a r`tfrm n t`rr`ims lîs enlfafnr`s j`a pnsnjm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Efcnrs` mbc`tfvms3 `a prfigfpfm j`a gnlbfm ½G÷lm gnlbfns `stn sftungf÷i= Pin emrln `s gmisfj`rnr am qu` `stîs dngf`ijm y r`nal`it` im qu`rrìns dng`r. Zó, gmlm `a r`stm j` imsmtrms, `s prmbnba` qu` dnyns npr`ijfjm, m t` dnyni `is`þnjm, `i tærlfims j` ngml`t`r mbc`tfvms m njqufrfr dnbfafjnj`s qu` im tf`i`s, `i v`z j` guatfvns y j`snrrmaanr dnbfafjnj`s qu` tf`i`s.  tf`i`s.  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Nermitnr an njv`rsfjnj `i emrln j` grfsfs `s ui bu`i gnlfim dngfn `a gnlbfm. Gunijm gnlbfm. Gunijm t` `ier`itns n mbstîguams y r`tms j`sgubr`s ui iu`vm pmt`igfna `i tf qu` t` nyujn n j`sgubrfr uin iu`vn jfl`isf÷i tuyn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn `lp`znr n gnlbfnr tf`i`s qu` gmlprml`t`rt` gmi ui mbc`tfvm lnymr y lîs gmigr`tm.. Pi mbc`tfvm euigfmin gmlm ui lnitrn. gmigr`tm lnitrn . Z` jnrî gmiefnizn y t` nyujnrî n emgnafznrt` `i am qu` tf`i`s qu` ngml`t`r. ngml`t`r. Z` nyujnrî n j`cnr j` p`isnr `i tu flnk`i m r`gurrfr n `xp`rf`igfns i`kntfvns. Pi mbc`tfvm t` emrtna`g` er`it` n an fij`gfsf÷i, ans jfangfmi`s, ams j`lmifms j`a pnsnjm y ans `xp`gtntfvns j` mtrms. mtrms . :5

 

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Zu vfsf÷i gr`n ui gmit`xtm j` pmsfbfafjnj. W`a`ggfmin ui mbc`tfvm gmis`kufba` p`rm nlbfgfmsm y au`km, au`km, `i `a gmit`xtm j` `s` mbc`tfvm, j`gfj` am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r pnrn nagniznr `st` mbc`tfvm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@L_F@SN DMV, FIL@JFNZNL@IZ@. Wf `stnba`g`s ui mbc`tfvm nlbfgfmsm t` vns n `igmitrnr fil`jfntnl`it` `i rf`skm, `i `a knp `itr` am qu` `r`s y am qu` pr`t`ij`s s`r. V `s `i `st` lml`itm j` fig`rtfjulbr` `i `a qu` tf`i`s qu` j`gfjfr ngtunr j` emrln gmisfst`it` gmi tu vfsf÷i. @stnt` jfspu`stm n vfvfr jfnrfnl`it` `i `st` knp. An sflpa` j`gfsf÷i j` ngtunr r`jugfrî gunaquf`r lf`jm m jujn. AN J@GFWF×I J@ _NWNR N AN NGGF×I _MI@ @I LMUFLF@IZM PIN _RME@GÌN J@ NPZM-GPL_AFLFI@ZM. Gnjn `lpf`zn dngf`ijm am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r pnrn nagniznr tu mbc`tfvm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

N l`jfjn qu` nvnig`s `i `a æxftm, sub` tu mbc`tfvm. mbc`tfvm . Im nsulns qu` ans gmsns sug`j`rîi pmrqu` sì. ZÓ ZF@I@W ^P@ _RMJPGFR AMW R@WPZANJMW . Im `sp`r`s qu` injf` am dnkn pmr tf. Im dny ntncms m r`suatnjms eîgfa`s . @a gmlprmlfsm flpafgn `stnr nbsmautnl`it` flpafgnjm `i tu trnjfik, im `i gmis`kufr r`suatnjms . ZÓ CP@KNW _NRN KNINR.. _`rm `a cu`km im vn j` kninr, WFIM J@ CPKNR @I _RMEPIJFJNJ. KNINR _RMEPIJFJNJ . Figausm sf prmjug`s `a r`suatnjm qu` busgns im gnfkns `i an nutm gmlpang`igfn, pmrqu` t` pu`j` gmijugfr n ans pærjfjns.  ∙∙∙∙∙ 

K`stfminr an `ivfjfn y ams g`ams Im t` gmlpnr`s gmi mtrms, y lugdm l`ims gunijm `stîs j`slmtfvnjm, figausm nuiqu` pnr`zgni qu` `sms mtrms dni nagniznjm am qu` tf`i`i sfi `seu`rzm, m qu` tf`i`i am qu` tó j`s`ns. Gunijm t` vu`av`s `ivfjfmsm j`cns j` flpafgnrt` n emijm `i tus prmy`gtms. prmy`gtms . ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An `ivfjfn `s uin s`þna j` tu finj`gunjn `xpr`sf÷i j` tna`itm. Ptfafzn ams g`ams gmlm uin pfstn pnrn j`t`rlfinr am qu` quf`r`s dng`r. dng`r . Wf `stîs g`amsm j` ui trnj`r `xftmsm `s pmrqu` tó tnlbfæi quf`r`s s`r ui trnj`r j` æxftm. Gæitrnt` `i am qu` pu`j`s dng`r pnrn l`cmrnr tó lfslm. lfslm. Zus g`ams t` na`cni j`a mbc`tfvm qu` p`rsfku`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Ams g`ams pu`j`i s`r bu`ims. Z` j`lu`strni am qu` t`l`s dng`r. Wf utfafzns ams g`ams pnrn npr`ij`r lîs j` am qu` quf`r`s y j` am qu` smi tus lf`jms, `itmig`s t`

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p`rlftfrîi gr`g`r. gr`g`r. Wf j`cns qu` t` gmisulni t` v`rîs bamqu`njm `i tus fit`itms y `a æxftm t` r`dufrî. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Jnijm p`qu`þms prfl`rms pnsms @afk` ui iu`vm mbc`tfvm, `sgrìb`am, gmlprmlæt`t` gmi æa y p`rsìku`am, y j`sgubrfrîs uin `imrl` eu`rzn `i tu fit`rfmr qu` t` gnpngftnrî pnrn amkrnram . Im t` dnbam j` qu` dnkns lîs am qu` yn dngìns dnstn ndmrn, sfim j` rmlp`r ams gmig`ptms aflftnjmr`s j` tf lfslm y mp`rnr gmi gmrnc` `i euigf÷i j` tu gmlprmlfsm. @stmy dnbanijm j` tmlnr an j`gfsf÷i j` ngtunr n p`snr j`a lf`jm, j` nermitnr ams mbstîguams qu` t` pnrnafznbni y nvniznr pmr `a gnlfim j`a æxftm `i `a trnjfik. trnjfik. @stmy dnbanijm j` pnsnr na mtrm anjm j`a lf`jm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

½G÷lm `lpf`zns `a prmg`sm=  prmg`sm=  NDMRN, figausm j`sj` an fig`rtfjulbr`, y j`cn qu` tmjm s` j`snrrmaa`. j`snrrmaa`. J`cn figubnr an fj`n `i an msgurfjnj y `i sfa`igfm, y au`km pnsn n an nggf÷i y p`rlìt`an qu` s` gmistruyn lf`itrns tó a`itnl`it` gmiefrlns tu gmlprmlfsm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Mp`rnijm gmi ui mbc`tfvm qu` tó lfslm t` dns efcnjm, s`rîs gnpnz j` `xp`rfl`itnr lf`jm y nisf`jnj sfi qu` `aams t` flpfjni nvniznr nvniznr.. Ams s`itflf`itms smi sflpa`l`it` pnrt` j` tus `xp`rf`igfn `xp`rf`igfnss vftna`s. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@lpf`zn gmi gnitfjnj`s p`qu`þns. p`qu`þns. @a gnlbfm s` frî prmjugf`ijm s`igfaanl`it` tmlnijm gmigf`igfn j` am qu` `stîs dngf`ijm. dngf`ijm . @st` figr`l`itm j` tu gmigf`igfn t` prmpmrgfminrî an `a`ggf÷i j` gmitrmanr tus r`spu`stns nutmlîtfgns `i tus ngtfvfjnj`s. ngtfvfjnj`s . V `stm pu`j` t`i`r uims `e`gtms prmeuijms `i tu trnjfik. _`qu`þms gnlbfms `i tu trnjfik pu`j`i t`i`r ui `imrl` flpngtm `i tu vfjn. v fjn.

Dnz p`qu`þms ncust`s pnrn lnit`i`rt` `i sfitmiìn gmi tu mbc`tfvm. Im t`ikns j`lnsfnjn prfsn. W÷am tf`i`s qu` gmig`itrnrt` `i prmjugfr r`suatnjms gmigr`tms . Gæitrnt` `i tus emrtna`zns y im `i tus j`bfafjnj`s. j`bfafjnj`s. Gunitm lîs `stæs `i gmitngtm gmitfkm lfslm lîs prmgafv` s`rîs na gnlbfm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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¡¡NGZÓN NDMRN!! Gunitm lîs `sp`r`s pnrn ngtunr `s prmbnba` qu` lîs prmba`lns y mbstîguams t` gr``s `i tu l`it` qu` t` gmijugfrîi n j`lmrnr lîs an nggf÷i. nggf÷i . Wf pmi`s an lnymr pnrt` j` tu `i`rkìn `i pr`pnrnr y panifefgnr `i v`z j` dng`r trnjfik, im t` pmjrîs j`s`ivmav`r `i lftnj j` an nggf÷i. _u`j`s s`r luy bu`im `i an pr`pnrngf÷i y an panifefgngf÷i, p`rm im j`snrrmaanrîs `a tfpm j` gmimgflf`itm qu` prmvf`i` s÷am j` flpafgnrs` `i ans mp`rngfmi`s j` v`rjnj. v`rjnj. @s pmsfba` npr`ij`r n r`spmij`r n ams ngmit`gflf`itms n l`jfn qu` s` sug`j`i gmlm sf yn eu`rns `a lnst`r trnj`r qu` quf`r`s s`r, j`snrrmaanijm ln`strìn pmr `a gmitngtm r`p`tftfvm y an fit`rnggf÷i gmi an `xp`rf`igfn lfsln. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nsn n an nggf÷i `i `a lml`itm sfkuf`it` sfkuf`it`.. Dnbfæijmt` gmlprml`tfjm gmi uin vfsf÷i y uims r`suatnjms, i`g`sftns ngtunr j` emrln gmisfst`it` gmi `s` mbc`tfvm. @sgugdn ` fj`itfefgn ans mpmrtuifjnj`s qu` npnr`g`rîi nit` tf gmi tu gmlprmlfsm. V t`i an vmauitnj j` nprmv`gdnrans. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gunijm `stîs `i lmvflf`itm pu`j`s gnlbfnr j` jfr`ggf÷i, gnlbfnr j` rftlm, figr`l`itnr tu fit`isfjnj, y utfafznr tmjm tu pmt`igfna pnrn amkrnr tu mbc`tfvm. mbc`tfvm . N l`jfjn qu` am dnkns v`rîs gmlm p`qu`þms lmvflf`itms dngfn `a mbc`tfvm, im dngfn `a amkrm j`a mbc`tfvm, `s am qu` j` v`rjnj t` nyujnrî n s`r am qu` quf`r`s s`r. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Dny ui ifv`a j` fiemrlngf÷i qu` s÷am s` pu`j` mbt`i`r j`sj` an lfsln `xp`rf`igfn. `xp`rf`igfn . @s lîs, s÷am s` njquf`r` an gnpngfjnj j` r`spmij`r n ams ngmit`gflf`itms flpr`j`gfba`s pnrtfgfpnijm `i an `xp`rf`igfn. `xp`rf`igfn . An pnrtfgfpngf÷i t` p`rlft` r`spmij`r n ams ngmit`gflf`itms `i sì lfslms, im j`sj` tu fit`rpr`tngf÷i m niîafsfs j` ams ngmit`gflf`itms, y dny lugdn jfe`r`igfn. W÷am s` npr`ij`r n dng`r rnetfik bncnijm pmr ams rîpfjms. Npr`ij`s dngfæijmam y `xp`rfl`itnijm an flpr`jfgfbfafjnj ` fig`rtfjulbr` j` an nv`iturn, sfitf`ijm qu` nrrf`skns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An nggf÷i rmlp`rî tu emrln `stîtfgn j` v`r ans gmsns y t` p`rlftfrî v`r an v`rjnj `itr` aìi`ns. I`g`sftns an nggf÷i pnrn v`r j`bncm j` ans npnrf`igfns. Gunijm `stîs flpafgnjm `i an nggf÷i t` mavfjns j` tu `km y `stîs pa`inl`it` pr`s`it` gmlm s`r dulnim. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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R`ea`xfmi`s, R`suatnjms y R`vfsfmi`s Pi mbc`tfvm iuign `s efi, `s uin eu`it` j` fispfrngf÷i y lmtfvngf÷i . Nuiqu` pu`j` dng`r qu` t` sf`itns `xgftnjm n l`jfn qu` amkrns `a mbc`tfvm, im `s ui efi `i sì lfslm. Pin v`z nagniznjm `a mbc`tfvm j`b`s lnrgnrt` iu`vms mbc`tfvms sf quf`r`s lnit`i`r tu vftnafjnj. J` am gmitrnrfm `a mbc`tfvm s` gmiv`rtfrî `i pnrt` j` tu fj`itfjnj y t` vmav`rî n prmjugfr `stræs y aflftngfmi`s pu`s v`rîs tu trnjfik gmlm pnrt` j` tu flnk`i. ∙∙∙∙∙  Dny lugdms trnj`rs qu` if`kni an r`nafjnj j` su trnjfik y `vftni sfst`lîtfgnl`it` l`jfr am dng`i. W` r`sfst`i n l`jfr mbc`tfvnl`it` sus r`suatnjms pmr mp`rngf÷i, r`suatnjm nguluanjm, jurngf÷i j` gnjn mp`rngf÷i. N ams trnj`rs j` `stn gnt`kmrìn ims a`s kustn r`emrluanr sus mbc`tfvms. _mr `sm ams trnj`rs j`b`i r`vfsnr sus mp`rngfmi`s enaafjns8 æstns smi pfstns pnrn smaugfminr `a lfst`rfm j` am qu` `stî sug`jf`ijm sug`jf`ijm.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@seu`rzm r`jugfjm m @vftngf÷i @a lf`jm s` pu`j` lnife`stnr gmlm `vftngf÷i m im gmlprmlfsm gmi tu vfsf÷i.  vfsf÷i.   Ntrnpnjm pmr an i`g`sfjnj j` p`rlni`g`r `i t`rr`im enlfafnr, vu`av`s n tu zmin j` gmiemrt `i an gr``igfn j` qu` im pu`j`s gmis`kufr `a æxftm. æxftm . @stn pnutn j` `vftngf÷i `stî namcnjn `i nakói auknr j`a sfst`ln i`rvfmsm. W`l`cnit` i`rvfmsm. W`l`cnit` pnutn i`urma÷kfgn pu`j` `xpafgnr pmr quæ s` pnsn j` an `xgftngf÷i j`a æxftm na jmamr j` an erustrngf÷i. _mr `aam lugdn k`it` s` r`sfst` na æxftm, gr`y`ijm qu` ams s`itflf`itms nkrnjnba`s im pu`j`i jurnr lugdm, m qu` am óifgm qu` pu`j` sug`j`r na æxftm `s `a erngnsm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Pin pærjfjn j`spuæs j` uin kninigfn @a lf`jm n p`rj`r `stî fi`vftnba`l`it` afknjm na lf`jm n kninr. Dny ui tfpm j` trnj`r qu` suer` uin pærjfjn j`spuæs j` uin kninigfn pmrqu` s` j`cn jmlfinr pmr sus `xp`gtntfvns i`kntfvns. Mp`rn jurnit` br`v`s p`rfmjms, enaan `i s`kufr su pani j` trnjfik, y rnrn v`z gmistruy` an gmiefnizn `i su gnpngfjnj pnrn jmlfinr su mefgfm. J` d`gdm, `stî bamqu`njm pmr su i`g`sfjnj j` pnr`g`r `xftmsm. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Wf `r`s `st` tfpm j` trnj`r i`g`sftns panifefgnr pmr nitfgfpnjm tu puitm j` `itrnjn y tu puitm j` snafjn, y `sp`rnr n qu` s` gulpani. gulpani . Gmamgnr tu mbc`tfvm jfnrfm `i tu pnitnaan. Nermitnr an pr`sf÷i fit`rin, y npr`ij`r n dng`r ans gmsns qu` dnbftunal`it` im dng`s. Zf`i`s qu` npr`ij`r n j`s`lp`þnr tu trnbncm y emgnafznrt` `i tu mbc`tfvm bncm dng`s. Zf`i`s pr`sf÷i. Dns d`gdm uin prml`sn j` r`suatnjm y mp`rns gmi `s` r`suatnjm `i tu l`it`. 0?

 

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@a tnlnþm j` tu mp`rngf÷i, `a iól`rm j` gmitrntms `s flpmrtnit`. Npr`ij`r dngf`ijm sgnapfik `s an emrln j` npr`ij`r n mp`rnr. Gmi `a tf`lpm pmjrîs subfr tu ifv`a j` rf`skm.

Bf`iv`ifjm na nbfslm @a trnjfik `s gmlm `sgnanr uin lmitnþn. lmitnþn. I`g`sftns emgnafznrt` `i `a sfkuf`it` r`p`gdm. Im pu`j`s p`isnr if ui smam s`kuijm `i `a erngnsm m p`rj`rîs tu gmig`itrngf÷i.. Am lfslm s` npafgn na trnjfik. Lnit`i`rt` gmig`itrnjm t` afb`rn j` tus gmig`itrngf÷i lf`jms, r`gu`rjms, y rngfminafzngfmi`s rngfminafzngfmi`s.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

^ufzî `a lnymr mbstîguam pnrn mp`rnr gmi æxftm `s `a r`gdnzm n an i`g`sfjnj j` gnlbfnr.. @a æxftm im r`quf`r` qu` trnbnc`s lîs jurm, sfim qu` trnisemrl`s an lni`rn gnlbfnr `i qu` euigfmins n mtrn `i an qu` s`ns gmisfst`it`. gmisfst`it` . An trnisemrlngf÷i im trnisemrlngf÷i im gmisfst` gmisfst`  `i `i   dng`r lîs m l`ims am qu` yn dng`s, sfim g`itrnrt` `i gnlbfnr tu p`rg`pgf÷i j`a uifv`rsm.. ½su`in jfeìgfa= _`rm r`gmlp`isn smbrnjnl`it`. uifv`rsm smbrnjnl`it`. Bf`iv`ifjm na nbfslm nbfslm.. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Nermitnr `a æxftm sfkifefgn nsulfr an r`spmisnbfafjnj j` tus nggfmi`s. Wfkifefgn lnymr pr`pnrngf÷i y lnymr nutm `xnl`i pnrn njqufrfr ans dnbfafjnj`s i`g`snrfns pnrn qu` ans gmsns sug`jni. Wfkifefgn nermitnr an nisf`jnj qu` surk` gunijm vnlms lîs naaî j` am dnbftuna. Wfkifefgn r`nggfminr nit` ams ngmit`gflf`itms im gmlm nakm p`rsmina, sfim gmlm mpmrtuifjnj`s. Wfkifefgn r`vfsnr tus mp`rngfmi`s j`spuæs j` t`rlfinr an s`sf÷i, r`gmimg`r ams `rrmr`s gml`tfjms y gmrr`kframs. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

@a trnjfik `xftmsm r`quf`r` jfsgfpafin. Emrluan tus r`kans y im t` p`rlftns ui s`kuijm  cufgfm smbr` `aans. Npr`ij` n jfstfikufr `itr` an mp`rngf÷i bu`in y an mp`rngf÷i g÷lmjn (j` d`gdm, an mp`rngf÷i bu`in su`a` s`r fig÷lmjn). Zus r`kans t` p`rlftfrîi gmitrmanr tus lf`jms. @a trnjfik `s uin prme`sf÷i `i an qu` gnjn jìn gmrr`lms uin iu`vn gnrr`rn, cuknlms ui iu`vm pnrtfjm, nsulflms iu`vms rf`skms. @a rf`skm j` p`rj`r `s gmistnit`. Zó lfiflfzns `s` rf`skm lfjf`ijm `a rntfm rf`skm/r`gmlp`isn, p`rm im pu`j`s mp`rnr sfi fig`rtfjulbr`. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Zf`i`s `a pmj`r j` gnlbfnr tu `stfam j` trnjfik. trnjfik . _`rm pnrn gnlbfnram i`g`sftns gmiefnizn ` tu gnpngfjnj pnrn sup`rnr s`itflf`itms gmlm an nisf`jnj m an guapn. guapn . @stn gmiefnizn t` p`rlftfrî `xpamrnr iu`vns eng`tns `i tu trnjfik, `xnlfinr tu 0>

 

gmlpmrtnlf`itm, y lmjfefgnram pnrn `igmitrnr iu`vns gmijfgfmi`s. _nrn `aam j`b`s j`gmistrufr tu prmg`sm j` tmln j` j`gfsfmi`s y jnrt` gu`itn gunijm vns n ngtunr j` emrln flpuasfvn. V `itmig`s jnrt` gu`itn j` am qu` vns n dng`r y gnlbfnr tu gmlpmrtnlf`itm smbr` an lnrgdn. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Njqufrfr e` An e` `s uin pnrt` flpmrtnit` pnrn aa`knr n s`r ui trnj`r j` æxftm. @s luy eîgfa `a nutm snbmtnc` pmr trntnr j` gmitrmanr j`lnsfnjms j`tnaa`s j` uin mp`rngf÷i, mp`rngf÷i , m p`rjf`ijm an gmig`itrngf÷i. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gmieìn `i tu fitufgf÷i. fitufgf÷i . Gmlprmlæt`t` gmi tu su`þm y augdn pmr æa. Gmieìn `i tu fistfitm er`it` na lf`jm y `a lf`jm j`snpnr`g`rî. Wf`lpr` qu` pr`t`ijns im njlftfr tu lf`jm æst` prmjugfrî s`itflf`itms j` fidfbfgf÷i y r`sfst`igfn. Wf`it` `a lml`itm j` lf`jm, nbrîznam y j`sgubrfrîs g÷lm j`snpnr`g`. j`snpnr`g`.   ∙∙∙∙∙ 

_nrn sup`rnr `a lf`jm t`ijrîs qu` nat`rnr ui pr`g`ptm bîsfgm qu` tmjms gmlpnrtflms, y `s qu` tmjms j`b`lms trfuienr y qu` `a erngnsm `s lnam. Ans grfsfs y ams lml`itms lnams s` prmjug`i. prmjug`i . An ganv` pnrn smbr`vfvfr `s vmav`r vma v`r na cu`km, vmav`r n lmitnr n gnbnaam. Zf`i`s qu` p`rlni`g`r `i `a cu`km dnstn qu` p`rj`r y kninr im am v`ns lîs qu` gmlm mpmrtuifjnj`s j` fiemrlngf÷i. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

An gr`ntfvfjnj y `a j`s`lp`þm `xftmsm prmjug`i gf`rtm r`p`aós pmrqu` im snb`lms j` jmi` vf`i` y g÷lm s` prmjug`. _`rm vf`i`i j` uin l`cmr gmigf`igfn j`a trnjfik, j` snb`r lnit`i`r an pmsfgf÷i dnstn nagniznr ams mbc`tfvms, j` cuknr lîs eu`rt`, j` s`r lîs pngf`it`, j` gmrtnr prmitm ans pærjfjns. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

Gr`nijm `a euturm Zu vfjn j` trnjfik `s gmlm ui af`izm `i banigm `i `a qu` tó pu`j`s jfbucnr tu vfsf÷i. Zus r`suatnjms euturms im `stîi pr`j`t`rlfinjms. Wf `r`s gnpnz j` mp`rnr nquì y ndmrn, sfi t`i`r `i gu`itn ams p`isnlf`itms aflftnjmr`s smbr` g÷lm s` supmi` qu` smi ans gmsns, `itmig`s pmjrîs mp`rnr `i aìi`n gmi tus mbc`tfvms efinigf`rms. ∙∙∙∙∙ 

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Aa`knr `i `a trnjfik n natms ifv`a`s j` `efgngfn, sntfsenggf÷i, `s gunijm p`rlft`s qu` ams `v`itms s` j`snrrmaa`i gmi `a lìiflm `stræs. `stræs . Wfkuf`ijm ams prfigfpfms `xpu`stms `i `st` afbrm t` nyujnrîi n gmiqufstnr `a lf`jm, n l`cmrnr tu j`s`lp`þm, y n l`cmrnr jrnlîtfgnl`it` tu vfjn j` trnjfik. Dnz am qu` tf`i`s qu` dng`r r`sp`gtm j` tu r`suatnjm y t` trnisemrlnrîs `i ui lnst`r trnj`r.

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