Trabalho Completo Diogenes Silva Albuquerque Lehr2018.bak

 

AMS[ÓWMDS L FLFÓWMDS KD ODÊÃ@ HÈHL LF ULWODFG\C@8 @ CLO[W@ LSUÆWM[D O@SSD SLOA@WD K@ CDWF@.   Kmójlols Smivd Diguqulrqul   @rmlotdk`r8 Ur`n.¸ K`ut`rdok` [amdj` Ouols S`drls   4

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WLS\F@  Klskl ` sícui` Q^M, ` @cldo` Dtiçotmc` dprlslot`u-sl c`f` r`td fdrætmfd usdkd pli`s odvljdk`rls lur`plus pdrd trdosp`rtdr ufd cdrjd c`flrcmdi kmnlrlotl, ` lscrdv`. @ cdtmv`, qudok` caljdvd å O`vd [lrrd, [lrrd, diíf kl motljrdr d fã` fã`-kl-`grd -kl-`grd pdrd ` cuitmv` kds idv`urds kl jrdokl lxtlosã`, tdfgíf slrmd usdk` o`s dndzlrls k`fístmc`s, o` cdfp` `u ods cmkdkls. Lsplcmdiflotl o` flm` urgdo` í qul sl klslov`ivlrmd d rlimjmã` oljrd k` Cdok`fgií. Fdotlok` dmokd dijufds cdrdctlræstmcds kds rlimjmüls trmgdms k` J`in` k` Glomf, d crloêd oljrd klslov`ivlusl o` Grdsmi l lf Ulrodfguc`. U`stlrm`rflotl, c`f d motlrimjdêã` kl kmvlrsds ltomds dnrmcdods qul dqum sl loc`otrdvdf, d`s p`uc`s sl n`m c`ostrumok` uf pdotlã` kl kmvmokdkls oljrds, pdssdok` d klsmjodr uf cuit` `rjdomzdk` c`f t`quls kl tdfg`rls, fdm`r oøflr` kl pdrtmcmpdotls l i`cdms (ditdrls) lxciusmv`s pdrd dk`rdêã` kds kmvlrsds lotmkdkls dnrmcdods. Dssmf, lf flm` ds värmds odêüls qul klslfgdrcdrdf ods tlrrds grdsmilmrds klstdcd-sl d Hlhl-Fdam, cuh` cuit` rlimjm`s` klslov`ivlu-sl o` lstdk` od Gdamd, lsplcmnmcdflotl ods cmkdkls kl Sdivdk`r l Cdca`lmrd. Kurdotl d prmflmrd fltdkl k` sícui` QQ, Dotûom` Umot` kl @imvlmrd ([dtd N`futmoa`), uf momcmdk` olstd odêã` kl Cdok`fgií klu momcm` d kmäsp`rd rlimjm`sd lf kmrlêã` d` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, pr`pdjdok` ` rmtudi Hlhl. Olssl c`otlxt`, Ndust` H`sl kd Smivd träs c`osmj` k` rlnlrlotl lstdk`, t`k`s `s prlclmt`s olclssärm`s pdrd nuokdr o` lstdk` kl Ulrodfguc` ` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`. @ trdgdia` utmimzdsl kl plsqumsd amst`rm`jränmcd, utmimzdêã` kl n`otls gmgim`jränmcds, `rdms l k`cuflotdms pdrd rlc`ostrumr d amstórmd klssd cdsd kl cuit` dnrmcdo` l slu nuokdk`r. 

Udidvrds-Cadvl88 Cdok`fgií2 Hlhl-Fdam2 Ulrodfguc`.  Udidvrds-Cadvl

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  Uós-jrdkudk` lf Amstórmd kl Ulrodfguc` plid Ndcuikdkl Dipad - Wlcmnl/UL. Jrdkudk` lf

Imclocmdturd lf Amstórmd plid \omvlrsmkdkl Sdijdk` kl @imvlmrd – Wlcmnl/UL. Wlcmnl/UL.  7  K`ut`rdok` lf Amstórmd plid \omvlrsmkdkl Nlklrdi k` Lstdk` k` Wm` kl Hdolmr` (\OMWM@), Flstrl lf Amstórmd plid \omvlrsmkdkl Nlklrdi kl Ulrodfguc` (\NUL) l Imclocmdk` lf Amstórmd plid \omvlrsmkdkl Nlklrdi Wurdi kl Ulrodfguc` (\NWUL) 

 

@ KLSLO^@I^MFLO[@ K@ CDOK@FGIÍ O@ GWDSMI, L LF ULWODFG\C@ K@ QDOJÛ.  Ds Cmèocmds S`cmds tlf kmscutmk` ` c`oclmt` kl rlimjmã` dfpidflotl kurdotl fumt` tlfp`, dtrmguæok`-ial dijufds cdrdctlræstmcds. S`grl lssl c`oclmt` Liy Camo`y, klstdcd qul8 Lstds prätmcds l crloêds sdjrdkds dhukdf `s a`flos d lonrlotdr ds nrustrdêüls l dosmlkdkls molrlotls å vmkd aufdod. D rlimjmã` lxpimcd d f`rtl kl fdolmrds qul plrfmtlf d`s a`flos drr`stdr ` próprm` klstmo` l ` klstmo` kl `utr`s (lfg`rd dijuos rlhlmtlf `u mjo`rlf ds c`os`idêüls kd crloêd rlimjm`sd).  (CAMO@], 4=>:, p.;=;) 

 D nuoêã` lxlrcmkd lxlrcmkd plid rlimjm`smkdkl k k`s `s dnrmcdo`s locdmxd-sl p plrnlmtdflotl lrnlmtdflotl od cmtdêã` dcmfd. U`ms, flsf` tlok` vmvlocmdk` plræ`k`s kl lxpi`rdêã` motlosd pli` tränmc` kl lscrdv`s, d ní `nlrlclu-ials ufd gdsl kl n`rtl rlsmstèocmd pdrd qul `s flsf`s puklsslf sup`rtdr ds fdms tlrrævlms smtudêüls lf uf fuok` `okl lssds plss`ds oã` pdssdvdf kl ufd smfpils flrcdk`rmd l n`rêd kl trdgdia` t rdgdia` pdrd `s c`i`omzdk`rls.  Dpós d caljdkd d` Grdsmi kl värmds ltomds ltomds dnrmcdods kmnlrlotls, qul cuitudvdf cuitudvdf lf suds diklmds/cmkdkls kmvmokmkdkls clotrdms rlsp`osävlms plid pr`tlêã` l fdoutloêã` kd rlimjm`smkdkl i`cdi, `c`rrlu ufd huoêã` klssds lotmkdkls s`grlodturdms pdssdok` d slrlf cuitudkds lf uf flsf` çfgmt` rlimjm`s`. Lssd `rjdomzdêã`, p`stlrm`rflotl, klo`fmo`u-sl, kl n`rfd jloírmcd, Cdok`fgií l lf Ulrodfguc` kl Qdojû. Lf Ulrodfguc`, ` Cdok`fgií í klo`fmodk` Qdojû. Lfg`rd p`ssud uf o`fl kmnlrlotl, ` Qdojû plrodfgucdo` p`ssum cdrdctlræstmcds slfliadotls d` Cdok`fgií cuitudk` lf `utr`s lstdk`s grdsmilmr`s, lssd smfmidrmkdkl `c`rrl o` çfgmt` k`s cuit`s k` pdotlã` kl kmvlrsds kmvmokdkls dnrmcdods, c`f` tdfgíf ods prätmcds rmtudms kl momcmdêã` l dk`rdêã` klssds lotmkdkls. @ o`fl d qul sl rlnlrl `s cuit`s dnr`-grdsmilmr`s lf Ulrodfguc`, lstd kmrltdflotl imjdk` d p`klr`sd moniuèocmd k`s oljr`s kl iæojud odjû o` lstdk`. Lstl jrup` ítomc` plrtlocl d`s p`v`s ]`rugäs, qul p`r sud vlz motljrdf ` c`fpilx` kl p`v`s kd ärld k` J`in` k` Glomf. O` sícui` Q^MMM l moæcm` k` QMQ, í rljmstrdkd ufd c`otmoudkd mfp`rtdêã` kl dnrmcdo`s pr`vlomlotls klssd c`rrlotl ítomcd. Imd Flolzls o`s kmz qul8 

 

 D jrdokl fdssd y`rugdod calj`u pdrd dgdstlclr `s cdfp`s kd idv`urd k` rlcûocdv` l fmolrdêã` od ärld Kmdfdotmod2 `s trdgdia`s k`fístmc`s l vlokd kl pr`kut`s o` imt`rdi kl Gdamd2 lf Sã` Udui` l Wm` kl Hdolmr`, pdrd `s trdgdia`s kd ärld dêucdrlmrd l cdnllmrd l `s slrvmê`s grdêdms od c`rtl2 lf Fmods Jlrdms, od fmolrdêã` l mrrdkmdrdf pdrd J`mäs l lstdk`s imfætr`nls2 pdrd ` O`rklstl, od jrdokl pr`kuêã` dêucdrlmrd kl Ulrodfguc`, Didj`ds Didj`ds l Udrdægd2 l pdrd ` o`rtl, Fdrd 

oaã`, Umduæ l7545/:5 p`r ufd oljrd dnrmcdod kl o`fl Moès H`dqumod kd C`std (Mndtmoubí), c`oalcmkd c`f` [md Moès, p`stlrm`rflotl c`f ` slu ndilcmflot`, n dilcmflot`, ` nmia` lspmrmtudi Nlimpl Sdgmo` kd C`std (@pldt(@pl dtdodo), fdms c`oalcmk` c`f` Udm Dkã`, klp`ms kl do`s c`oturgdk`s s`grl d imklrdoêd k` clotr`, dkqumrmu d kmrlêã` k` tlrrlmr`. (ULWLMWD, 4==;, p.;=). 

 

 

U`r `utrd pdrtl, d mklotmkdkl c`iltmvd kds s`cmlkdkls kd Änrmcd `cmklotdi lrd fuitmkmflosm`odi l lstdvd drtmcuidkd lf kmvlrs`s oævlms (ítomc`, rlimjm`s`, tlrrmt`rmdi, imojùæstmc`, p`iætmc`). Lf prmflmr` iujdr, d mklotmkdkl kl jrup` klc`rrmd k`s væocui`s kl pdrlotlsc` kds c`rp`rdêüls ndfmimdrls qul rlc`oalcmdf ufd doclstrdimkd doclstrdimkdkl kl c`fuf. Olssl oævli, doclstrdms d dtmvmkdkl`urlimjm`sd rlidcm`odkd ` cuit` kltlrfmodk`s kl `utrds lotmkdkls c`f lspmrmtudms lrdkl` vlæcui` p`r lxclièocmd kd mklotmkdkl ítomcd `u c`fuomtärmd. [di prlsloêd lrd o`rfdiflotl dssmodidkd p`r ufd sírml kl fdrcds næsmcds `u lscdrmnmcdêüls o` r`st` `u lf `utrds pdrtls k` c`rp`.   (UDWÍS, 755:, p.73). 

C`f ` pdssdr k` tlfp`, ` c`oclmt` momcmdi kl odêã`, tlok` c`f` gdsl d imjdêã` c`fuf d ufd doclstrdimkdkl, `s væocui`s p`iætmc`s, imojùæstmc`s l tlrrmt`rmdms od Änrmcd, n`rdf plrklok` slu smjomnmcdk` å flkmkd lf qul clss`u ` tränmc`, l c`f d c`otrmgumêã` kd fmscmjlodêã` rdcmdi o` Grdsmi. Kmdotl kmss`, d klo`fmodêã` kl odêã` pdss`u d dkqumrmr uf slotmk` tl`iójmc`, klmxdok` kl mokmcdr plss`ds kl ufd tlrrd kl `rmjlf lf c`fuf, pdrd dssmodidr uf tmp` kl f`kdimkdkl rmtudi. S`grl d qulstã` klssd pdssdjlf, Iums Omc`idu Udrís dodimsd qul8 

Ur`jrlssmvdflotl, ds klo`fmodêüls kl odêã` klmxdrdf kl klsmjodr mokmvæku`s c`fpdrtmiadok` ufd flsfd tlrrd kl `rmjlf `u dsclokèocmd dnrmcdod. @ plrtlocmflot` kl ufd plss`d d ufd odêã` pdss`u d klploklr k` slu lov`ivmflot`, o`rfdiflotl fdrcdk` plid momcmdêã`, c`f uf tlrrlmr` `okl, o` cuit`, prlk`fmodvdf lilflot`s rmtudms l fætmc`s `rmjmoärm`s kl ufd kltlrfmodkd tlrrd dnrmcdod. R...V C`oslqùlotlflotl, ` c`oclmt` kl odêã` ’rlimjm`sd‖ nmc`u lstrlmtdflotl rlidcm`odk` c`f ds kmvlrsds imoadjlos `u jloldi`jmds kd ndfæimd-kl-sdot`, dtrdvís kds`uqudms ’d o`rfd k`s rmt`s k`utrmoärm`‖ sã`, kl ufd n`rfd kl `utrd, trdosfmtmk`s.   l ` c`rp` (UDWÍS, 755:, p.457).  C`f mss`, ` c`oclmt` kl odêã` pdss`u kl uf c`oclmt` ítomc` pdrd uf lspmrmtudi, o` qudi sl lstdglilcl `s væocui`s dtrdvís k` pr`clss` kl momcmdêã` n`rfdok` dssmf ufd ndfæimd lspmrmtudi o`s tlrrlmr`s. @u slhd, sl dotls ufd odêã` c`f` d odjû lrd mklotmnmcdkd d pdrtmr k` lilflot` imojùæstmc`, l k` slu tlrrmtórm` od Änrmcd, lf f`flot` p`stlrm`r ` tlrf` odjû pdss`u d klsmjodr ufd f`kdimkdkl kd rlimjmã` k` Cdok`fgií o` Grdsmi. @ flsf` dc`otlcl c`f `utrds klo`fmodêüls c`f` d doj`id, bltu, xdfgä, mhlxä, l d hèhl, odêã` lf qul sl loc`otrd moslrmk` ` `ghlt` kl lstuk`. 

 

 

HLHL-FDAM8 @WMJLOS KL \FD ODÊÃ@ KL CDOK@FGIÍ.   D odêã` hlhl-fdam í ufd sugcidssmnmcdêã` rlimjm`sd k` jrup` fdm`r hlhl, dssmf c`f` sã` ` hlhl-fukugm, ` hlhl-kd`fí, l ` hlhl-fmod kl Sã` Iumz k` Fdrdoaã`. Sud i`cdimzdêã` jl`jränmcd o` c`otmolotl dnrmcdo` lstä smtudkd od rljmã` clotrdi kd dtudi Wlpøgimcd Klf`crätmcd k` Glomf, ärld lf qul sl i`cdimzdvdf `s rlmo`s kl Sdvdiu, Nmttd, Kdssd, l Sdvá.  S`grl d moniuèocmd hlhl o` cuit` d føitmpids kmvmokdkls, Iums Omc`idu Udrís dnmrfd qul8 R...V lssd prätmcd rmtudi loc`otrd cidr`s dotlclklotls dnrmcdo`s od ärld jgl l qul, i`jmcdflotl, d fdtrmz hlhl `u ds trdkmêüls k` cuit` kl v`kuos tmvlrdf uf pdpli kltlrfmodotl o` pr`clss` c`ostmtutmv` klssl f`kli` kl Cdok`fgií. (UDWÍS, 4;3, p.4;3). 

 D ltomd hlhl c`otrmgumu od `rjdomzdêã` k` Cdok`fgií, p`ms d flsfd tr`uxl c`osmj` pdrd ` O`v` Fuok` trdê`s kl ufd alrdoêd kl cuit` rlimjm`s` kl føitmpids kmvmokdkls prlslotls klskl sud tlrrd kl `rmjlf, n`rolclok`, dssmf, uf f`kli` qul moniulocm`u d n`rfd `rjdomzdcm`odi k`s cuit`s dnrmcdo`s o` Grdsmi.  

@ SLHD A\OKÍ.  \f k`s prmocmpdms tlrrlmr`s qul `s dnrmcdo`s hlhls-fdams nuokdrdf o` Grdsmi n`m ` Slhd Auokí o` fuomcæpm` kl Cdca`lmrd od Gdamd, qul sljuok` Iums Omc`idu Udrís, slu o`fl c`fpilt` slrmd X``j`kû G`juf Fdiè Slhd Auokí. Fds kl dc`rk` c`f Fdrc`s Cdrvdia`, lil klo`fmod-sl Qwí Slhd Aýokl. Lfg`rd adhd lssd kmscussã`, aä clrt` c`oslos` lotrl `s k`ms dut`rls s`grl d imjdêã` k` o`fl k` tlrrlmr` c`f ` v`kuo Glsslo.   ;

Í olclssärmd d dg`rkdjlf s`grl ` Slhd Auokí i`cdimzdk` od lstrdkd vliad kl Gliíf, dtudi idklmrd kd Cdklmd, od cmkdkl kl Cdca`lmrd, p`ms, c`f` vlrlf`s d` i`oj` klstl lstuk`, slrä dtrdvís klssl tlrrlmr` qul sl kdrä d imjdêã` lspmrmtudi k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, lstdglilclok`-sl, dssmf, c`f` uf Cdok`fgií

;

 Glsslo `u Gásío, í ` o`fl kl uf v`kuo rlprlslotdk` c`f` ufd slrplotl. Od Änrmcd, od rljmã` k`

dotmj` Kd`fí, í cadfdk` kl Kdo l í smfg`imzdk` c`f` ufd slrplotl qul f`rkl d próprmd cdukd n`rfdok` uf cærcui`. (CDW^DIA@, (CDW^DIA@, 755>).  

 

kl odêã` hlhl-fdam o` lstdk` kl Ulrodfguc`.

Klotrl ` prmflmr` jrup` kl plss`ds momcmdkds o` Slhd Auokí, klstdcd-sl d nmjurd fdscuimod kl Dotûom` Umot`, c`osdjrdk` d kmvmokdkl @xuf. @ ndt` kl momcmdr-sl uf a`flf, cuhd nuoêã` lrd lf sud fdm`rmd lxlrcmkd p`r fuialrls, jlr`u fumt` lspdot` klotrl ` p`v` kl Cdok`fgií. Dotûom` Umot` odsclu od Gdamd lf kdtd klsc`oalcmkd. Sud momcmdêã` oã` dc`otlclu slf oloaufd rlsmstèocmd p`r pdrtl k`s fdms vlia`s, a`uvl, smf, fumtd rliutçocmd lf momcmdr Dotûom`. Dtí qul ` slu @rmxä, @xuf, ` moc`rp`r`u pdssdok` ufd o`mtl motlmrd c`f ds fdms dotmjds k` tlrrlmr`, rlsuitdok` od dclmtdêã` pdrd slr momcmdk`. (UDWÍS, 755:, p.74>).  U`stlrm`rflotl, kurdotl sud momcmdêã`, Dotûom` Umot` nmc`u n mc`u c`oalcmk` c`f` [ [dtd dtd N`f`tmoa`.  Kl dc`rk` c`f Udrís, N`f`tmoa` lrd dmokd glf h`vlrf qudok` fuk`u<

sl, oã` sl sdgl ` f`tmv`, pdrd ` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, kdok` moæcm` å pr`pdjdêã` k` hlhlfdam Cdca`lmrdo`.  R...V, qulf fdms c`otrmgumu pdrd d kmnusã` k` rmt` hlhl o` Cdok`fgií cdrm`cd n`m [dtd n`f`tmoa` kl @xufmid (@xuf), momcmdk` lf 4=43 p`r Fdrmd Dj`rlosm. Dmokd slf tlr c`ociuæk` sud momcmdêã`, c`f dplods 4: do`s lil sl fuk`u pdrd ` Wm`, lstdglilclok`-sl lf Sã` H`ã` kl Omtlróm, `okl momcm`u jrdokl qudotmkdkl kl nmia`s-kl-sdot`. Klotrl `s fdms c`oalcmk`s nmjurd Xlzmoa` kd G`d ^mdjlf, qul p`r sud vlz momcm`u dijuos k`s dtudms pdrtmcmpdotls kds nlstds k` Slhd Auokí.  (UDWÍS, 755:, p.7;>). 

Hä o` lstdk` k` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, p`r v`itd kl 4=3>, Dotûom` Umot` momcm`u slu prmflmr` jrup` kl v`okuosms, l klotrl `s slus moøflr`s nmia`s-kl-sdot` lstä Xlzmoa` kd G`d ^mdjlf, uf k`s fdms c`oalcmk`s, c`f` puklf`s `gslrvdr od cmtdêã` dcmfd kl Udrís, qul nuok`u ` tlrrlmr` O`ssd Sloa`rd k`s Odvljdotls tdfgíf o` Wm`, l slrä ufd nmjurd mfp`rtdotl pdrd ` o`ss` lstuk`, p`ms ` flsf`, kl clrtd n`rfd, slrä uf lilflot` kl vdim`sd imjdêã` pdrd vmokd k` hlhl-fdam å Ulrodfguc`. 

<

  Klvmk` ds suds motlrdêüls l rlidcm`odflot`s c`f `utrds cdsds-kl-cdok`fgií, prmocmpdiflotl kl odêã` doj`id, rlclglu ` tætui` tæt ui` kl [dtd [dtd qul smjomnmcd pdm. @ tlrf` tlrf ` N`f`tmoa` rlnlrl-sl rlnlrl- sl å qudrtd p`smêã` `cupdkd o` jrup` kl plss`ds kurdotl d momcmdêã`, p`smêã` `cupdkd p`r Dotûom` Umot` kurdotl slus pr`clss`s momcmätmc`s. (CDW^ (CDW^DIA@, DIA@, 755>).  

 

 

ND\S[@ H@SÍ KD SMI^D L @ HÈHL LF ULWODFG\C@.    D vmokd vmokd kd odêã` kl Cdok`fgií hlhl-fdam pdrd ` lstdk` kl Ulrodfguc` lstä prlslotl od nmjurd kl Ndust` H`sí kd Smivd. @ lstuk` k` tlfd t`rod-sl qudsl mfp`ssævli slf d doäimsl kd vmkd k` Udm Ndust`, c`f` jlrdiflotl lrd c`oalcmk`, p`ms dfg`s, ` cuit` hlhl o` lstdk` l ` slu prlcurs`r, lstã` motmfdflotl imjdk`s l motlrimjdk`s lf t`k`s `s dsplct`s. D amstórmd amstórmd slrä c`ostruækd flkmdotl `s rlidt`s `rdms k`s motljrdotls rlfdolsclotls k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, ndzlok`-sl ` cruzdflot`, slfprl qul p`ssævli, c`f ds n`otls prmfärmds l gmgim`jränmcds kmsp`oævlms.  Sljuok` Sûomd Fdrmd kd Smivd, mrfã k` [dtd Ndust` , l dotmjd Lblkhl   k` >

:

tlrrlmr`, dfg`s n`rdf dk`tdk`s p`r ufd fuialr c`oalcmkd c`f` Fãl Dfíimd. Kl dc`rk` c`f lid, d flsfd l Udm Ndust`, c`f` tdfgíf sud ndfæimd dk`tmvd lrdf `rmjmoärm`s k` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, vmok` pdrd Ulrodfguc` p`stlrm`rflotl sl lstdglilclok` o` gdmrr` k` Umod, o` Wlcmnl, lf sljumkd od cmkdkl k` Cdg`, d` sui k` imt`rdi plrodfgucdo`, l i`j` klp`ms trdosnlrmok`-sl pdrd ` fuomcæpm` k` Hdg`dtã` k`s Judrdrdpls. 

Lil í flu mrfã`, lil fl crm`u klskl o`vmoad, lu oã` c`oalê` pdrlotl, ` pdrlotl qul lu c`oalê` í lil, dæ cadfdvd lil kl pdm. D fãl klil n`m qulf fl crm`u qul lrd fãl-kl-sdot` tdfgíf. Dæ lil vlm` k` Wm` kl Hdolmr` c`fmj`, qudok` lil vlm` k` Wm` lil hä lrd pdm-kl-sdot` k` odjû, ` pdm-klsdot` klil iä lrd slu Oírms. Dæ qudok` vmlf`s kl iä pdrd cä, vmlf`s pdrd ` Umod prmflmr`, o` Umod d fãl klil tdfgíf lrd fãlkl-sdot`, d dvó klil tdfgíf lrd fãl-kl-sdot`, lrd d gdmdod k` Umod. R...V Oós vmlf`s k` Wm` kl Hdolmr` pdrd cä c`f K`od Dfíimd, Dfíimd, lid nmc`u f`rdok` o` Umod, o` Umod lid tmoad d fãl klid qul lrd fãl-kl-sdot`, lrd d gdmdod k` Umod, cadfdvd N`rtuodtd d gdmdod k` Umod, qul lrd dvó klil. Dæ lid ndilclu, oós vmlf`s pdrd ` Cdg`, n`f`s f`rdr o` Cdg`, o` Cdg` fmoad fãl tdfgíf dgrmu tlrrlmr` huot` c`f lil, lil lrd pdm-kl-sdot` l lid lrd fãl-kl-sdot`, d fãl klil, vmvmd klotr` kl cdsd c`f lid, lrd lu, lid l lil. Dæ kl iä a`uvl uos pr`gilfds c`f lil, dæ oós vmlf`s pdrd dqum, pdrd Urdzlrls, lid nmc`u l lil vlm`, l lu nmqulm c`f lid.   1

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 [lrf` c`f` tdfgíf lrd c`oalcmk` ` Udm Ndust`.    D D pdidvrd Lblkhl o` Cdok`fgií, rlnlrl-sl d fuialr f uialr qul t`fd t`f d c`otd k` v`okuo/`rmxä, dssmf qul ` flsf` sl fdomnlstd. (CDW^DIA@, (CDW^DIA@, 755>).   1   Lotrlvmstd nlmtd c`f d Lblkhl Sûomd, rldimzdkd lf 47 kl o`vlfgr` kl 7551.  

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S`grl d gdmdod k` Umod, d sup`std dvó k` [ [dtd dtd Ndust` sljuok` sud mrfã Sûomd, sdgl-sl qul n`m ufd mfp`rtdotl sdclrk`tmsd k` cuit` odjû, l qul sud `rmjlf í dnrmcdod. S`grl d flsfd8  ^msmtlm a`hl d slmtd kd ’gdmdod k` Umod‖. Lstd slmtd oã` í rljmstrdkd od Slcrltdrmd kd Sljurdoêd Uøgimcd. Cadfd-sl K. N`rtuodtd Fdrmd kd C`oclmêã` d sud prlsmklotl. R...V Í lid odturdi kd C`std k”Änrmcd, lstdok` hä aä fumt`s do`s o` Grdsmi, tlok` rlsmkmk` o` Wm` (F`rr` kd Ndvlid), od Gdæd (Idrj` k` Sdpdtlmr`), lf Fdclmó, l lonmf o` Wlcmnl, o` Umod. Í kl odêã` odjû l dk`rd Std. Gärgdrd. R...V N`m d momcmdk`rd kl fdms k`ms tlrrlmr`s dqum o` Wlcmnl8 ` k` nmodk` Jlotmi, o` [ót`, l ` k` slu nmia` H`sí J`fls kd Smivd (Oírm) o` Hdcdrí. (FLOLXLS, 755;, ` Udm Ndust` vmdhd pdrd ` lstdk` k` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, i`cdi `okl ` slu dotmj` dfmj` ` Gdgdi`rmxä Xlzmoa` kd G`d ^mdjlf rlsmkmd d dijuf tlfp` l hä tlok` smk` momcmdk` od odêã` hlhl-fdam p`r [dtd N`futmoa`, nuokdok` ` tlrrlmr` O`ssd Sloa`rd k`s Odvljdotls. S`grl d vmdjlf d` Wm` ` @jdo  H`sí Ulrlmrd =

kl Diguqulrqul, uf k`s motljrdotls fdms dotmj`s k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, o`s mon`rfd qul8   Lil n`m pdrd ` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, c`f` qudsl qul d pdsslm`, sljuok` fl c`ostd. Caljdok` iä, n`m íp`cd qul Xlzmoa` tmoad vmrdk` prd hlhl R...V calj`u iä, Xlzmoa` hä tmoad cdsd nuocm`odok` o` Wm` kl Hdolmr`. Calj`u iä, sljuok`, oã` lil, fds pli` qul fl c`ostd, d @xuf klil drrm`u l nmzlrdf R...V l rlc`ialrdf lil l rlnmzlrdf lil o` hlhl.   45

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 @jdo,í uf cdrj` klotr` kd imturjmd k` Cdok`fgií, rlsp`osävli p`r clrt`s dsplct`s `rjdomzdcm`odms l rmtudms. U`klok` klslfploadr värmds nuoêüls, mociusmvl kl rlprlslotdr ` cdok`fgií plrdotl d s`cmlkdkl, l pdrd cdkd ufd klids rlclgl uf o`fl lsplcænmc`. (CDW^DIA@, (CDW^DIA@, 755>).   45  Lotrlvmstd nlmtd c`f ` @jdo Ulrlmrd, rldimzdkd o` kmd 7; kl o`vlfgr` kl 7551.  

 

Lotã`, c`f d momcmdêã` k` [dtd [dtd Ndust` od odêã` hhlhl-fdam, lhl-fdam, lstdglilclu-sl uf væocui` kl pdrlotlsc` rlimjm`s` c`f ` tlrrlmr` fdtrmz, f dtrmz, ` Slhd Auokí.  

(DIG\T\LWT\L,, 7551, p., pp.3=,;5)  

@ tlfp` qul sl pdss`u o` Wm` kl Hdolmr` oã` p`kl slr kltlrfmodk` c`f prlcmsã`, fds p`klf`s klnmomr ufd fíkmd kl dijuos flsls dpr`xmfdkdflotl, `u uf do` o` fäxmf`, p`ms p`r v`itd kl 4=>; `u 4=>< ` [dtd Ndust` hä sl loc`otrdvd lf Ulrodfguc` kdok` moæcm` d` hlhl-fdam o` lstdk`, l í kurdotl lstl plræ`k` qul `c`rrl d momcmdêã` k` prmflmr` @jdo k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, ` Sr. H`sí Ulrlmrd kl Diguqulrqul. Lfg`rd o` rljmstr` kd \omã` Lspmrmtmstd kl \fgdokd kl Ulrodfguc` c`ostl c`f` kdtd kl nuokdêã` 75 kl o`vlfgr` kl 4=:5, mss` oã` qulr kmzlr qul sud nuokdêã` tload-sl kdk` o`s do`s :5, odkd mfplkl qul lil tload

 

nuokdk` ` tlrrlmr` p`r v`itd k` plræ`k` dcmfd mokmcdk`, l ttlr lr só cdkdstrdk` slu clotr` p`stlrm`rflotl. 

 D v`itd kl Udm Ndust` å Ulro Ulrodfguc` dfguc` klp`ms kl tlr smk` momcmdk` p`r Xlzmoa` kd G`d ^mdjlf o` Wm` kl hdolmr`, c`oslqùlotlflotl, fdrcd d caljdkd kd odêã` hlhlfdam d` lstdk`, l d fukdoêd k` slu tlrrlmr`, dotls i`cdimzdk` od lsqumod kd rud Fdo`li Ilmtã` c`f d Lstrdkd kd Gdtdiad, l p`stlrm`rflotl od próprmd Wud Fdo`li Ilmtã` o¸ 43>.   D cdsd l lrd rd od rud F Fdo`li do`li Ilmtã`, ufd cd cdsd sd dmok dmokd d aufmikl l n`m dtrdvís k`s cimlotls, kd dfmzdkl klil, qul lrd glf nrlqùlotdk` (` tlrrlmr`) p`r jlotl kd p`iæcmd, qul md iä ndzlr c`osuitds, lssds c`msds. L n`m flia`rdok`, n`m flia`rdok`, l lu slfprl iä, md p`r iä dssmstmr nuoêã`.   44

 D `rmjlf `rmjlf k` o`fl k` tlrrlmr`, Clotr` Lspæ Lspærmtd rmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, p`k p`kl l slr dodimsdkd `gslrvdok`-sl uf kupi` smocrltmsf`. Urmflmrdflotl, ` tlrf` momcmdi ’Clotr` Lspærmtd‖, ndz rlnlrèocmd d moniuèocmd qul d k`utrmod lspærmtd, klslov`ivmkd p`r  Diido Bdrklc kurdotl ` sícui` QMQ, lxlrclu s` s`grl grl d s`cmlkdkl, s`cmlkdkl, mociusmv mociusmvl l ods rlimjmüls kl fdtrmzls dnrmcdods, `okl fumt`s tlrrlmr`s kl Qdojû k` Wlcmnl dk`tdrdf ` tlrf` ’Clotr` Lspærmtd‖.   47

Lf sljumkd, `gslrvdf`s ` tlrf` ’O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`‖, `rd, lstä cidr` ` smocrltmsf` c`f ` cdt`imcmsf`. D sdotd cdtóimcd, O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf` o` slotmk` smocrítmc`, c`rrlsp`okl d kmvmokdkl dnrmcdod @xuf, hustdflotl d kmvmokdkl clotrdi k` tlrrlmr`. U`ssmvliflotl Udm Ndust` slrmd klv`t` klstd sdotd, p`r c`otd tdfgíf k` slu @rmxä slr @xuf, c`f mss`, p`klrmd tè-id tè -id nlmt` ufd a`flodjlf c`i`cdok` ` o`fl kd sdotd o` slu tlrrlmr` kl cdok`fgií.  Í mfp`rtdotl o`tdr qul pdrd tlotdr flia`rdr sud smtudêã` nmodoclmrd, c`f` tdfgíf pdrd d fdoutloêã` k` tlrrlmr`, [dtd Ndust` sl vdimd k` slu o`fl, fumt` rlsplmtdk` plids plss`ds k` Cdok`fgií, glf c`f`, p`r suds moniulotls dfmzdkls. C`f mss`, sl klu ` surjmflot` k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd kd Cdrf` trdzlok` pdrd Ulrodfguc` d moniuèocmd l d fdjmd k` cuit` hlhl-fdam o` lstdk`. 

44

 Lotrlvmstd nlmtd c`f ` @jdo Ulrlmrd, rldimzdkd o` kmd 7; kl o`vlfgr` kl 7551.     S`grl d rlidêã` lotrl k`utrmod lspærmtd l ds rlimjmüls dnr`-grdsmilmrds, vlr8 F@[[D, W`glrt`.

47

Lscdt`i`jmd l vmsã` kl fuok` ods rlimjmüls Dnr`-Grdsmilmrds. Mo8 GWDOKÃ@, Syivdod (`rj.). Amstórmd kds Wlimjmüls o` Grdsmi – ^`i. 7. Wlcmnl8 Lk. \omvlrsmtärmd kd \NUL, 7557.  

 

 

C@OSMKLWDÊÜLS NMODMS.   D pr`kuêã` amst`rm`jränmcd dclrcd dclrcd k` k` oljr` oljr` c`f` suds fdomnlstdêüls kl ccuoa` uoa` cuiturdi o` Grdsmi, vlf jdoadok` cdkd vlz fdms lspdê` o` cloärm` d` i`oj` k` tlfp`. [`fd-sl c`oscmèocmd, rldiflotl, kl qul `s dnrmcdo`s n`rfdrdf ufd kds gdsls kd c`ostruêã` s`cmdi k` pdæs, lxlrclok` moniuèocmds lf t`k`s `s dsplct`s od s`cmlkdkl grdsmilmrd. Fds, dmokd í prlcms` sl klsndzlr kds dotmjds mkl`i`jmds qul lstmvlrdf prlslotls, l fumtds vlzls dmokd lstã`, od n`rfdêã` kd p`puidêã` l k` slos`-c`fuf.  @s rlsuitdk`s qul ` prlslotl trdgdia` dprlslotd sã` sdtmsndtórm`s, p`ms puklf`s plrclglr c`f` sl klu d c`ostruêã` k` Cdok`fgií l k` Qdojû c`f` rlimjmã` kl fdtrmz dnrmcdod. @s `ghltmv`s guscdk`s s`grl ` lstuk` k` surjmflot` kd odêã` hlhl o` Grdsmi l lf Ulrodfguc`, l `okl n`m lon`cdk` ` `ghlt` prmocmpdi k` trdgdia`, n`rdf p`smtmvdflotl dicdoêdk`s. C`osmklrdf`s qul, kl dc`rk` c`f ds plsqumsds nlmtds pdrd lstl trdgdia`, ` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf` lstdglilcl-sl flkmdotl ` pdrlotlsc` l dsclokèocmd rlimjm`sd, c`f` uf tlrrlmr` kl Cdok`fgií kd odêã` hlhl-fdam.  ^lrmnmcd-sl qul, o` lotdot`, dmokd lxmstlf fumt`s p`ot`s qul olclssmtdf kl nuturds plsqumsds pdrd qul slhdf klvmkdflotl rlc`ostruæk`s. Oã` dplods d rlsplmt` kd odêã` hlhl lf Ulrodfguc`, fds d clrcd kd kmäsp`rd momcmdkd p`r [ [dtd dtd N`futmoa`, sdmok` kl sud cdsd fdtrmz lf Cdca`lmrd od Gdamd, kmrmjmok`-sl d` Wm` kl Hdolmr`, l mostdidok`-sl iä, pdrd nuokdr sud próprmd cdsd kl cuit` l kmsslfmodr ufd odêã` kl Cdok`fgií qul dtí lotã` oã` lrd tã` c`oalcmkd odqulil lstdk` c`f` lf `utr`s k` pdæs, fds qul p`ssum uf dit` jrdu kl mfp`rtçocmd od c`ostruêã` kd rlimjm`smkdkl dnr`grdsmilmrd. O` cdok`fgií, `u Qdojû, plrodfgucdo`, olclssmtd-sl dpr`nuokdr ` trdgdia` lf rlidêã` d amstórmd k` Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd k` Cdrf`, glf c`f` ds fdrcds l moniuèocmds klmxdkds p`r lssd cdsd kl cuit` od rlimjm`smkdkl dnr`klscloklotl o` lstdk`.

 

 

WLNLWÈOCMDS   DIG\T\LWT\L, K. S. Clotr` Lspærmtd O`ssd Sloa`rd K` Cdrf`8 Flfórmds kl uf Cdok`fgií Hèhl lf Ulrodfguc`.  F`o`jrdnmd kl Jrdkudêã`. Wlcmnl. \omvlrsmkdkl Sdijdk` kl @imvlmrd, 7551. CDW^DIA@, Fdrc`s. Jdmdbu Iumzd l d [rdhltórmd k` Hlhl-Fdam od Gdamd. Wm` kl Hdolmr`8 Udiids, 755>.  CAMO@], Liy. S`cmlkdkl8 \fd Motr`kuêã` å S`cm`i`jmd. Sã` Udui`8 Cuitrmx, 4=>:.   HDJ\DWMGL, Aíim`. \f Lstuk` Crætmc` kd Amstórmd - ^`i.MM. Sã` Udui`8 Udz l [lrrd, 7554.  FLOLXLS, Imd. Ds ]di`rmxäs ]di`rmxäs k` Wlcmnl. Wlcmnl8 Nuocuiturd, 755.  S@\XD, Fdrmod kl Flii` l. Änrmcd l Grdsmi Dnrmcdo`. Sã` Udui`8 Ätmcd. 7551. 7ª lkmêã`.   ^lrjlr ^lrj lr,, Umlrrl Ndtufgm. Niux` l Wlniux` k` [ränmc` kl Lscrdv`s lotrl ` J`in` k` Glomo l d Gdamd kl t`k`s `s Sdot`s k`s Sícui` Q^MM d QMQ. Lkmt`rd C`rrupm`. ;ª lk.