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]fciu`d Erlud, phdrl dlj ^sfmkh`èjfsfs, l` su heè` pkr mk`kmlr lj hphrhtk pséqufmk, lstudfý jh il`tl dl sus phmfl phmfl`tl `tls, s, lsthoj lsthojlmf lmfl`d l`dk k l` su ^rfilr ^rfilrhh Týpfmh Týpfmh,, trls trls `fvljl `fvljlss qul jks jjh jjhiý iý Mk`mfl Mk`mfl`tl `tl,, (M (MM) M) ^rlmk`mf ^rlm k`mfl`tl l`tl (^_M) l F`mk`mfl F`mk`mfl`tl( `tl(FMM) FMM),, julck, julck, phrh jkcrhr l`tl`dlr l`tl`dlr hjcu`ks hjcu`ks hmk`tlmf hmk`tlmfifl` ifl`tks tks qul `k hjmh`zhoh h lxpjfmhr dlsdl su tlkréh, jh mkipjlil`tý mk` jh ]lcu`dh Týpfmh, dlsdl dk`dl prkpk`l jh lxfstl`mfh dl trls f`sth`mfhs1 lj VK, lj LJJK y lj ]\^L_VÝ. (_hiisy, ?>86). Mk` lsth Tlkréh dl jh il`tl, plrifý lj mhiofk dl phrhdfcih iès fipkrth`tl dl jh bfstkrfh dl jh psfmkjkcéh, qul vfl`l h lxpjfmhr mýik jhs plrsk`hs ih`lghiks `ulstrks dlslks, y `ulstrhs pujsfk`ls, l` u` mk`fmtk mk`sth`tl l`trl jk oul`k y jk ihjk, mk`trkjh`dk y rlprfifl`dk jhs plrmlpmfk`ls lxtlr`hs y eulrtlil`tl jhs f`tlr`hs. ^hrh ^hrh mkip mkiprl rl`d `dlr lr mý mýik ik eu eu`m `mfk fk`h `h jh slcu slcu`d `dhh týpf týpfmh mh dl Erlu Erlud, d, `ks `ks f` f`tl tlr` r`hr hrli liks ks pk pkrr jh jhss prkeu`dfdhdls pséqufmhs, dlsdl dk`dl Skkdy Hjjl`, Dfrlmtkr dl jh mkildfh rkiè`mh , rkiè`mh , Ildfh`kmbl l` ^hrés,, `ks rlchjh h Cfj ^l`dlr, u` plrsk`hgl, gkvl`, y okblifk cufk`fsth. Dlsdl sus dlslks, fjusfk`ls y ^hrés mk`fmtks, slrè qul fjustrhrliks mk` jh phjhorh, jhs f`sth`mfhs qul Erlud `ks dlvljh y qul sl bhml` vfdh l` lj plrsk`hgl l` su prlsl`tl y l` su vfhgl pkr lj phshdk. ^hrhh mk`tlx ^hr mk`tlxtuh tuhjfjfzhr zhr,, Ildf Ildfh`kmb h`kmbll l` ^hrés ^hrés, `k `kss f`vf f`vfth th h rlmk rlmkrr rrlr lr jh mfu mfudhd dhd dl jhs ju jumls mls,, l` jh hmtuhjfdhd, ikil`tk qul Cfj gu`tk h su `kvfh F`æs, hmkiphøh` h jks phdrls dl lsth, pkr u`h sftuhmfý` dl `lckmfks. Dl iuy hmkikdhdh sftuhmfý`, tkdks dl krfcl` `krtlhilrfmh`k, F`æs sl l`mul`trh mk` u` vflgk hifck y su phrlgh y yh dlsdl jks prfilrks if`utks jks dfèjkcks dlj prkthck`fsth, `ks trh`siftl` su dlslk pkr plrih`lmlr l` lsh mfudhd, yh qul mk`sfdlrh qul ls plrelmth phrh jh f`spfrhmfý`1 ls hsé, mkik l` su heè` dl ousmhr su suløk, sl iulvl l`trl jh eh`thséh y jh rlhjfdhd, dlsdl qul h jhs dkml dl jh `kmbl, jks phshglrks dl u` hutk, jk f`vfth` h suofrsl y sl horl u`h orlmbh l`trl lj lsphmfk-lipk, ohgè`dksl l` jks høkrhdks høks vlf`tl y qul hvh`zhdk lj ji jkcrh trhsjhdhrsl gu`tk h Hdrfh`h, u`h iuglr qul mk`kml l` lsl lipk, h jh ‚Oljjâ ‚ Oljjâ Æpkqul’dl Æpkqul ’dl 826>. Jh f`v f`vfth fthmfý mfý` `d dll lstl lstl l`shyk l`shyk ls h mhif` mhif`hr hr gu`t gu`tk k hj plrsk` plr sk`hgl hgl prf `mf phj , qul bh sfd sfdk k sljl mmfk `hdk `hd k phrh lstl l`shyk, Cfj ^l`dlr (mhrhmtlrfzhdk pkr Kwl` Sfjsk`), l` jks jks trl trlss lip lipks ks pkr pkr dk` dk`dl dl sl sl iulvl, h`hjfzh`dk y mkil`th`dk mýik jhs f`sth`mfhs dl jh ]lcu`dh Týpfmh sl bhml` vfdh l` lstl oljjk ji, qul `k dlgh dl l`hikrhr pkr su sfipjlzh y mk`tu`dl`tl phsfý`.

 

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]f tuvfærhiks jh kpkrtu`fdhd dl shmhr heulrh `ulstrhs pujsfk`ls iès prkeu`dhs, y pudfærhiks hrrlohthr dl u` skpjk tkdk jk qul `ks erl`h h bhmlrjk, slcurk, fréhiks dk`dl `hdfl `ks mk`kml, y dk`dl mrlyærhiks qul `hdh `f `hdfl `ks guzchrè` pkr slr qufl`ls skiks. Mh`shdk dl vfvfr u`h vfdh qul `k jl plrtl`lméh, plrk qul ‚dloéh’ vfvfr, Cfj, ih`l`l durh`tl jhs prfilrhs lsml`hs dlj ji, u` mk`fmtk mk`th`tl l`trl, ih`felsthr jk qul rlhjil`tl pfl`sh, skorl slr `kvljfsth y sus prkeu`dks dlslks dl quldhrsl l` ^hrés, yh qul mk`sfdlrh qul ls fdlhj phrh jh f`spfrhmfý`, y jks dlslks dl su `kvfh F`æs, qufl` jl f`tlrpljh, mk`sth`tlil`tl jjlvè`dkjk h jh rlhjfdhd, dfmfæ`dkjl qul `k l`l thjl`tk y qul dlol vfvfr l` Ihjfo÷, Lsthdks \`fdks, mhdh hmmfý` rlhjfzhdh pkr Cfj, Cfj, ls u` f`ildfhtk rlprkmbl ehjtk dl hikr pkr phrtl dl su `kvfh. Lj VK prlsl`tl l` lsths lsml`hs, mkik lj l`mhrchdk dl ildfhr l`trl lj LJJK y lj ]\^L_VÝ1 sl puldl rllghr l` lsl ‚tl`lr’ qul bhmlr jk qul su `kvfh dfml, lj ]\^L_VÝ jl iulstrh mk`sth`tlil`tl jk mkrrlmtk l f`mkr f`mkrrlm rlmtk, tk, phrh phrh `k tl`lr tl`lr prkojl prkojlihs ihs mk` ljjh, ljjh, y hsé mkik l` mhdh mhdh lsml`h lsml`h vliks qul h`tl h`tl lsths lsths f`tlrpljhmfk`ls, bhy u` hchmbhr jh mholzh dl Cfj, y mk``uhr vfvfl`dk jh vfdh dl F`æs y `k jh prkpfh. Jh ikrhj dl Cfj, jh vliks l` jk ‚mkrrlmtk’ dl sus hmmfk`ls, sf æj `k quflrl fr, mhjjh y vh fcuhj, sf `k quflrl shjfr dl mkiprhs mk` jks phdrls dl F`æs, jk bhml dl tkdhs ekrihs, su ]\^L_VÝ, mkik f`dfmh Erlud (86?=), rlmk`mfjfh lj dlslk mk` jh `krihvfdhd, y hj slr u`h f`sth`mfh blrldlrh dlj mkipjlgk dl Ldfpk, qul `ks iulstrh jh fdl`mhmfý` mk` jks phdrls, `ks f`dfmh qul jhs hmmfk`ls dlj VK dl Cfj, sk` u` rllgk dl koldfl`mfh vfvfdh dlsdl jh f`eh`mfh, surcfl`dk dlsdl lj suplryý lj fdlhj dlj yk, qul vliks l`l iumbk dl Fmm, yh qul `k bhy u`h rllxfý` dl pkr ildfk. H÷` iès prkeu`dk sl vuljvl lstl mk`fmtk f`tlr`k, hj mkil`zhr h mkiphrr mk` jks hifcks dl F`æs, u`h gkvl` phrlgh qul phrlml u`frsl mk` ljjh l` u` heè` mk`sth`tl pkr dfsif`ufr jh prlsl`mfh dl Cfj, y ls hqué  dk`dl su VK, ildfh`dk mk` jhs plrmlpmfk`ls dlj iu`dk lxtlr`k y eulrtlil`tl mk` su iu`dk f`tlrfkr, ls dlmfr lstl LJJK, qul mkik dlpýsftk dl jhs pujsfk`ls dk`dl lstè jh tl`dl`mfh slxuhj, qul jl lxfcl` hj VK qul lsths slh` shselmbhs dl ih`lrh f`ildfhth y tkthj (Erlud, 86?=), jl pfdl h F`æs `k fr mk` ljjks h ohfjhr y ljjh hj `k hmlpthr y dlghrjk skjk, lj VK dl Cfj `k rlprfil hj LJJK, y Cfj, mhif`h skjk pkr jhs mhjjls dl ^hrés, lsth dlmfsfý`, th` fipujsfvh, dk`dl hphrlml su FMM, lsh phrtl lsmf`dfdh dlj VK, qul lstuvk rlprfifdh, uyl hbkrh dl ih`lrh surrlhjfsth l` lj ji, mk` u`h crh` sfiokjkcéh, u` mhrrk, qul sl dll`l l` lj prlsl`tl (VK) y qul jjlvh lj plrsk`hgl h slcufr ousmh`dk l` sus dlslks, (LJJK) bhsth jjlchr h jh dæmhdh dlj høk vlf`tl l` ^hrés.

 

Ls hqué, dk`dl hj lsplmthdkr, sl `ks horl u` ihrhvfjjksk iu`dk dl eh`thséh, hmkiphøhiks y vfvfiks  gu`tk h Cfj, sus dlslks l` ekrih jforl, mkik sf `k lxfslrh lipk, `f ldhd, y »`k ls hmhsk lstk jk hmk`tlml l` lj oloæ muh`dk `hml; , sf` lipk, sf` lsphmfk, lvfth`dk lj dfspjhmlr, qul skjk l`l mkik koglvk jh ch`h`mfh dlj pjhmlr (Ohrrlrh ?>82), skjk hmkiphøhdk dl su LJJK, jjl`k dl pujsfk`ls slxuhjls, hsé vliks h CFJ, muipjfl`dk mk` su suløk pkr th`tk lipk rlprfifdk, qul `f sfquflrh lj lipk puldl dltl`lr. Ls l` lstl mk`tlxtk dk`dl mk`kml h u`h slrfl dl hrsths, mkik Bliif`chy, jks Eftzclrhjd, Erh`mfs ]mk, ^fmhssk, Ihssl, Ouøulj, y Clrtrudl ]tlf`, l`trl ktrks, qufl`ls hj phsk dl jhs lsml`hs, jl vh` l`trlch`dk jk qul æj quflrl lsmumbhr, y Cfj ^l`dlr, `k dlgh dl ihrhvfjjhrsl, l` `f`c÷` if`utk sl mulsk`h jk qul lstè vfvfl`dk, sýjk dfseruth lj ikil`tk rlchjhdk, shmh`dk prkvlmbk dl mhdh plrsk`hgl qul vh l` l`mk mk`t `trh rh`d `dk k l` su mhif mhif`k `k,, bh bhmf mfl` l`dk dk Mm su suss rlpr rlprls lsl` l`th thmf mfk` k`ls ls Fm Fmm, m, h trhv trhvæs æs dl jh ph phjh jhor orh, h, ls lsth thss rlprlsl`thmfk`ls-phjhorhs rlprlsl`thmfk `ls-phjhorhs l`l` mkik eu`mfý` plrifr h jks prkmlsks h`éifmks f`tlr`ks dlvl`fr Mm (Erlud 86?=). Cfj, l` lsl phshdk dk`dl mk`kml h Hdrfh`h, u`h oljjh iuglr, hih`tl dl ^fmhssk, y dl ktrks hrsths, sl vl prlsk dl su oljjlzh y jfolrthd, y l` lsl phshdk th` fdlhj, pkr prfilrh vlz su ]\^L_VÝ hphrlml mulsk`h`dk lsh htrhmmfý`, y rlmkrdè`dkjl qul l`l `kvfh y lstè pkr mhshrsl, sftuhmfý` qul trh`sphrl`th h Hdrfh`h, sf` liohrck, ls l` u`k dl jks dfèjkcks iès prkeu`dks qul sksl`l mk` ^fmhssk, muh`dk bhojh` dlj hikr, ls muh`dk Cfj mkifl`zh h bhmlr Mm u`k dl sus mk`fmtks rlprfifdks7 ^fmhssk7 »Bhs blmbk lj hikr mk` u`h iuglr blriksh; Cfj7 If prkildh ls iuy slxy. ^fmhssk7- V muh`dk bhmls lj hikr mk` ljjh sfl`tls phsfý` vlrdhdlrh y oljjh, y pkr hj il`ks lsl ikil`tk pflrdls lj ifldk h jh iulrtl. Cfj7 @k, lsk `k phsh. (Ildfh`kmbl l` ^hrés, ?>88) Mhdh ihøh`h vliks h Cfj, dlsplrthr l` lj prlsl`tl, sf` dlghr iuy mjhrk mkik bhml lstl phsk pkr lj phshdk hj prlsl`tl, julck dl lstl dfèjkck mk` ^fmhssk, Cfj, bhml vfdh jk qul Erlud (86?=),`ks f`dfmh qul `k tkdk jk qul lstè Fmm lstè rlprfifdk, yh qul mkifl`zh h dhrsl mul`th y bhmlr Mm qul `k ls mk` F`æs mk` qufl` dlslh lsthr y qul dl`fvhil`tl `k ls eljfz mk` ljjh, plrk sé sl sfl`tl eljfz mk` Hdrfh`h mk` qufl` h`bljh `ulvhil`tl l`mk`trhrsl l` lsl phshdk qul Cfj mk`sfdlrh lj ‚ilgkr ikil`tk qul lxfsý ghiès’. Mk` Hdrfh`h, Hdrfh`h, mkiphr mkiphrtl tl lj suløk suløk dl vfhghr vfhghr `ulvhil`tl `ulvhil`tl l` l` lj lipk, lipk, uofmè`dksl uofmè`dksl l` ^h ^hré réss dl 826> 82 6> , l` jh ‚Oljjâ ‚ Oljjâ Æpkqul’. Æpkqul ’. Juchr qul ljjh h`bljhoh lsthr, ls hmè dk`dl Cfj trhs u` dfèjkck mk` u` hr hr  st sthh dl dljj ikil ik il`t `tk k jl f`tl`th f`tl`th lxpjfm lxpjfmhr hr qul ls dl ktrk lipk, lipk, dl ktrh ktrh lrh, y rlmfo rlmfoll mkik rlspu rlspulsth lsth qul qul

 

bhofthr l` dks iu`dks `k l`l `hdh dl rhrk, rhrk , y il prlcu`tk »Lsth ildfhmfý` dlj Vk l` ekrih mk`thstl l`trl jhs plrmlpmfk`ls lxtlr`hs y jhs f`tlr`hs, hmhsk `k `ks bhml bhofthr l`trl dks iu`dks; ]fcufl`dk l` lj ji, ]hiht (8662), `ks fjustrh mkik u`k dl jks l`ekquls erludfh`ks rlvljh` jh jjhihdh Bfstlrfh dl mk`vlrsfý`, l` jh qul lj sé`tkih pséqufmk sl sfiokjfzh l` jks iès dfvlrsks sé`tkihs mkrpkrhjls, l` lj mhsk dl Cfj, h trhvæs dl jks hthquls dl pè`fmk, qul jl mkil`th mkil` th h Hdrfh`h Hdrfh`h qul suerl y qul mrll qul lstks tlrif`hrè` tlrif`hrè` julck dl jh Okdh. ^lrk lrk lst lstks ks sé` sé`tki tkihs, hs, sl slc÷` c÷` Elr`è` Elr`è`dlz dlz (?>83) (?>83),, prkvfl prkvfl`l `l` ` dlj dlj mhrèmt mhrèmtlr lr mk`fm mk`fmvk vk dlj hphrht hphrhtk k pséquf pséqufmk, mk, y dl jhs pujsfk`ls slxuhjls hjlghdhs dl jh mk`mfl`mfh pkr lj VK. L` lsth jé`lh Cfj, bhoréh lsthdk mk`sth`tlil`tl l` mk`fmtk l`trl sus vlrdhdlrks dlslks y lj mkiprkifsk qul yh bhoéh hdqufrfdk mk` F`æs, dk`dl lj Fmm shol qul `k ls dk`dl quflrl lsthr, jk qul jl bhoréh prkvkmhdk lsks sé`tkihs. Ef`hjil`tl, Cfj ^l`mlr, dlmfdl tlrif`hr mk` F`æs, yh qul l` lstl prkmlsk dlsmuorl qul `k ls eljfz y qul ljjh jk l`chøh mk` su hifck, thipkmk rltkr`h hj phshdk mk` Hdrfh`h, y l`erl`th su prlsl`tl dlmfdfdk h tkihr su vfdh, mk` jh trh`qufjfdhd dl bholr rlsuljtk u` crh` mk`fmtk qul eul su l`kril dlslk dl quldhrsl l` ^hrés y kotl`lr jh mk`h`zh qul ls u` crh` cufk`fsth, mkik l` su ikil`tk sl jk ih`felstý Clrtrudl ]tlf` qufl` jlyý su korh y jl l`mh`tý, f`vftè`dkjk h slcufr. ^kr jk th`tk, pkdliks vlr qul Cfj mkifl`zh u`h lthph dl ]uojfihmfý` h trhvæs dl su jfork, prkmlsk lxpjfmhdk pkr Erlud, h hquljjhs hmvfdhdls qul iumbhs vlmls sl pjhsih` l` jh mujturh k lj hrtl y qul bhjjh` su l`lrcéh l` jh pujsfý` slxuhj, (]hiht, 8662), y dlmfdl lsmrfofr l` ^hrés, dk`dl yh l` jh ÷jih lsml`h sl l`mul`trh mk` u`h mbfmh phrfsf`h qul hj fcuhj qul æj hih mhif`hr ohgk jh jjuvfh.

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Ls `lmlshrfk horfr jh il`tl phrh pkdlr l`tl`dlr lsth lstrumturh `kvldksh pjh`tlhdh pkr Erlud, y qul sl lsmhph h tkdk hquljjk qul bhyh mk`kmfdk, eul u` crh` dlshk lsthojlmlr jhs f`sth`mfhs dl jh ]lcu`dh Týpfmh dl Erlud, h trhvæs dl u` ji, dk`dl Skkdy Hjjl`, qufl` `ks rllgh h trhvæs dlj plrsk`hgl prf`mfphj sus tlikrls y ifldks ildfh`tl jks dfèjkcks prkeu`dks mk` jks hrsths dl jh dæmhdh dlj vlf`tl, qul bhojh` dl hikr, vhjl`h, iulrtl y rhzý`, dk`dl jh `ksthjcfh lstè prlsl`tl l` lj LJJK, qul mk`l`l jks dlslks iès prkeu`dks, l` lj mhsk dl jks plrsk`hgls, qulrfl`dk vfvfr l` ktrhs æpkmhs y høkrh`dk ktrhs vfdhs y l` lj mhsk dl Cfj, l` mk`sth`tl mk`fmtk mk` lj ]\^L_VÝ, phrh jfolrhrsl y qul ilgkr hiofl`thmfý` qul l` ^hrés, qul mkik slh `ks l`vuljvl iècfmhil`tl.   Lj Vk, lj LJJK y lj ]\^L_VÝ, prkpulstk prkpulstk pkr Erlud (86?=), lstè` prlsl`tls l` tkdk ikil`tk y l` mhdh plrsk`hgl, trhohgh`dk trhohgh`dk sfliprl l` ekrih mk`gu`th mk`gu`th y mkik vfiks dl ih`lrh ih`lrh df`èifmh, phrh `hjfzhr

 

mftk jhs phjhorhs dl Clrtrudl ]tlf` hj ikil`tk dl l`rkstrhrjl h Cfj, qul dlol shmhr jk rlprfifdk y qul suojfil su pujsfý` slxuhj l` sus lsmrftks7 ]korl tu jfork, ls iuy f`usuhj. Dl mflrth ekrih ls mfl`mfh mmfý`. Tkdks tl`liks jh iulrtl y `ks mulsk`hiks `ulstrk juchr l` lj u`fvlrsk. Lj trhohgk dlj hrsth `k ls sumuiofr h jh dlslsplrhmfý`, sf`k l`mk`trhr u` h`dktk phrh lj vhmék dl jh lxfstl`mfh. Tfl`l u`h vkz mjhrh y vfvh, `k slh th` dlprlsfvk. (Ildfh`kmbl l` ^hrés, ?>88)

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Hjjl`, S. (?>88). Ildfh`kmbl l` ^hrés. ]k`y ^fmturls Mjhssfms

Ohrrlrh, I (?>82) _lvfsth L`shyks ^ldhcýcfmks Ukj. RFFF, @· ? • 56 4, Gujfkdfmfliorl, ?>82.

Elr`è`dlz, J. (?>83). ]FCI\@D E_L\D. _lvfsth dfcfthj ^rhxfs Efjksýmh @ulvh slrfl, @k. 45 l`lrk gu`fk ?>827 88 - 48 DKF7 8>.?>/pjksýmh.v>f45.5?>8 8>.?>/pjksýmh.v>f45.5?>8 Dfspk`fojl l` bp7//www.smfljk.krc.mk/pde/ bp7//www.smfljk.krc.mk/pde/ph/`45/?=26-6=23-ph-45->>>88.pd ph/`45/?=26-6=23-ph-45->>>88.pde  e 

Erlud, ]. (86?=). Lj Vk y lj Ljjk y ktrhs Korhs. L` Erlud, ]. (866?). ]fciu`d Erlud7 Krdl`hifl`tk, mkil`thrfks y `kths dl Ghils ]trhmbly mk` jh mkjhokrhmfý` dl H``h Erlud, hsfsdks pkr Hjfx ]trhmbly y Hjh`

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