Trabajo Monografico de Firmas

 

 

K_NJNHE@Ê[QNKE Bs `e knbhkne qub bhd`moe e mtres knbhknes, ansknp`nhes knbhtêfnkes, ertbs y mfnknms, kuye tbkhm`mdêe y jbtmam`mdêe sb ep`nke anrbktejbhtb smorb `e bvnabhkne jetbrne` pere abskuornr y vbrnfnker `e kmjnsnûh ab uh cbkcm qub puanbre sbr ab`ntm, nabhtnfnkeham e `ms eutmrbs y epmrteham pruboes qub abtbrjnhbh b` dream ab pertnknpeknûh ab `ms njp`nkeams. K_NJNHE@N[QNKE ONM@MDNE URNJNKE FN[NKE AEKQN@M[KMWNE OE@N[QNKE Ansknp`nhe Knbhtêfnke Uub pmsbb e`duhe knbhkne • Qîkhnke  Qîkhnke  Kmhiuhtm ab prmkbanjnbhtms y rbkursms bjp`beams bh uhe knbhkne, ertb, mfnknm. Ceon`naea pere user`ms. Ep`nkeknûh pråktnke ab `ms jîtmams y kmhmknjnbhtm ab `es knbhknes jbanehtb nhstrujbhtms, eperetms y jequnhes. • Ertb  Ertb  Anspmsnknûh y ceon`naea pere cekbr e`duhe kmse. Fb`nz kmhiuhknûh ab bxpbrnbhkne, abstrbze, njednheknûh, vnsnûh, ceon`naea, iunknm pbrsmhe` pere rbe`nzer nhfbrbhknes. • Mfnknm  Mfnknm  Ceon`naea pere absbjpbõer uh abtbrjnheam treoeim, mkupeknûh ceontue`. • Jîtmam Knbhtêfnkm

Ertb ab fmrju`er prbduhtes y ab prmoer rbspubstes ½Wmr quî `e Krnjnhe`êstnke bs Knbhkne= Bs Knbhkne pmrqub9 Rtn`nze • B@ JÎQMAM BSWB_NJBHQE BSWB_NJBHQE@, @,  

 

 • B@ K_NQB_NM AB [N[QBJEQNYE [N[QBJEQNYEKNÛH KNÛH yy   • MOIBQNVNAEA  MOIBQNVNAEA  @e Krnjnhe`êstnke ‐OR[KE @E VB_AEA‚  

@e Krnjnhe`êstnke hm sb `njnte e `e rbkm`bkknûh ab nhanknms y bvnabhknes, snhm qub îstms, pere tbhbr ve`nabz, abobh sbr smjbtnams e bxpbrnjbhtms y kmjprmoeknmhbs bh fmrje jbtûanke y snstbjetnzeae. B` jîtmam bs b` bxpbrnjbhte` y utn`nze, eabjås, anvbrsms prmkbanjnbhtms kmjm `e kmjprmoeknûh, kmjpu`seknûh, abskrnpknûh, ehe`êtnkm, Njpmrtehkne ab `e Krnjnhe`êstnke @e Krnjnhe`êstnke bs nhanspbhseo`b bh `e nhvbstndeknûh ab `ms cbkcms prbsuhtejbhtb ab`nktumsms pere uhe kmrrbkte prmkureknûh y eajnhnstreknûh ab iustnkne, pmr `m abobh kmhmkbr`e tmams equb``ms fuhknmhernms qub rbe`nkbh terbes rb`eknmheaes kmh b``e, prnhknpe`jbhtb edbhtbs ab `e Wm`nkêe, pbrntms, edbhtbs ab` Jnhnstbrnm Wùo`nkm, iubkbs, jednstreams y eomdeams `ntndehtbs. @e nhvbstndeknûh krnjnhe`êstnke, fuhae sus terbes prmfbsnmhe`bs bh b` bstuanm knbhtêfnkm ab `es bvnabhknes jetbrne`bs y sb abob prbvbr qub b` bjpêrnkm hm kmhfuhae kmh sus erdujbhtms y bster etbhtm e `ms rezmhejnbhtms ab` knbhtêfnkm.

D_EFMQBKHNE Bs `e ansknp`nhe qub fmrje pertb ab `e krnjnhe`êstnke y qub tnbhb pmr moibtm eosm`vbr `ms kubstnmhejnbhtms ab mrabh krnjnhe`êstnke qub sb prbsbhte ekbrke ab` amkujbhtm. KMHMKNAM QEJONBH KMJM9 - D_EFM[KMWNE. - D_EFN[QNKE. - D_EFMHMJNE. - D_EFMK_NQNKE. - AMKRJBHQM[KMWNE. AMKRJBHQM[KMWNE. AMKRJBHQM@MDNE. ‛  ½D_EFM@MDNE=

 

Ansknp`nhe ab `e Krnjnhe`êstnke qub sb bhkerde ab bsteo`bkbr `e eutbhtnknaea m fe`sbaea ab` amkujbhtm jmabrhm. WB_NKNE D_EFMQBKHNKE Bs b` bstuanm qub rbe`nze b` Wbrntm Drefmtbkhnkm, smorb uh amkujbhtm kubstnmheam, jbanehtb `e bstrnkte ep`nkeknûh ab `e amktrnhe amkujbhtmkûpnke, kmh `e jbtmam`mdêe y tîkhnke eabkueae, pere bjntnr uhe kmhk`usnûh, rbspbktm e su eutbhtnknaea, fe`sbaea, eau`tbreknûh y/m eutmrêe

FN_JE[ N. 

ABFNHNKNMHB[ B` ankknmhernm ab `e _be` Ekeabjne ab `e `bhdue abfnhb e `e fnrje kmjm‚ hmjorb y epb``nam qub uhe pbrsmhe pmhb kmh ruornke (m snh b``e, sbdùh `ms kesms) e` pnb ab uh bskrntm pere derehtnzer b` kmhtbhnam m rbspmhabr ab b`‚, y e `e rùornke kmjm resdm m kmhiuhtm ab resdms qub e` fnrjer pmhb keae kue` abspuîs ab su ab `e fnrje‚  fnrje‚   hmjorb m têtu`m, e jmam ab kmhtresbõe, kmjm pertb nhtbdrehtb Absab b` puhtm ab vnste ab `e Drefmtbkhne `e fnrje pubab kmhsnabrersb kmjm ‐`e njprmhte ab `e pbrsmhe qub `e anstnhdub m `e nabhtnfnke ehtb `ms abjås‚  abjås‚   Bh hubstrm åjontm sb kmhkbaêe kmjm ‐`e fmrje dråfnke qub bskmdb uhe pbrsmhe pere nabhtnfnkersb ehtb `ms abjås ‐b` ‐b`   ansbõm dråfnkm qub nhanvnaue`nze e `e pbrsmhe‚, tejonîh‚ kmjm pertb ab` amkujbhtm qub ve dbhbre`jbhtb e` fnhe` ab` jnsjm y qub derehtnze m ekbpte `m bxprbseam bh b` tbxtm‚   tbxtm‚ E hubstrm krntbrnm, kmhsnabrejms jås eprmpneam b` epmrtb e pmrtb ab` pbrntm pbruehm IM[B OE@ORBHE OE@JEKBAE, qunbh abfnhb e `e fnrje eutbhtnke kmjm‚ `e fmrje m kmhiuhtm ab fmrjes drefnkes qub, prmvnhnbham ab su tntu`er, bh uh abtbrjnheam tnbjpm jehtnbhb kmhstehtbs `es kerektbrêstnkes qub bspmhtåhbejbhtb bskmdnû pere nabhtnfnkersb ehtb `ms abjås [nhûhnjms ab fnrje smh9 sndheture [uskrnpknûh, eutûdrefe, nhfre nhskrnpknûh, bh tehtm qub b` tbrjnhm ruornke `m kmhkbonjms kmjm uh b`bjbhtm drefnkm m ekkbsmrnm m ab kmjp`bjbhtm ab `es fnrjes, qub jås qub tmam `bs aeh knbrte anstnhknûh y erjejnbhtm e bstes

NN. 

ANFB_BHKNE BHQ_B B[K_NQR_E ^ FN_JE9 @e bskrnture bs njpubste, mo`ndeae, pmr `e smknbaea. @e fnrje bs bskmdnae `norbjbhtb. Bs bhsbõeae bh `es bskub`es.

 

 @e fnrje bs ansbõeae pmr keae uhm ab hmsmtrms. @e bskrnture tnbhb rbd`es kmhvbhknmhe`bs e rbspbter, kmjm `e ke`ndrefêe, `e mrtmdrefêe, snhtexns, btk. @e fnrje hm tnbhb hnhduhe rbd`e. @e bskrnture hbkbsnte mo`ndetmrnejbhtb `es `btres. @e fnrje hm hbkbsnte mo`ndetmrnejbhtb `btres. @e bskrnture tnbhb uh sbhtnam ab bibkuknûh. @e fnrje sb bfbktùe cekne kue`qunbr anrbkknûh @e bskrnture trehsjntb jbhseibs @e fnrje nabhtnfnke e` tntu`er @e bskrnture sb pubab ab`bder @e fnrje bs nhab`bdeo`b @e bskrnture pubab bibkutersb jbkehmdråfnkejbhtb @e bibkuknûh ab `e fnrje bs bsbhkne`jbhtb jehue` B` tbxtm nhfmrje smorb b` cbkcm @e fnrje bs sbõe` ab ekbpteknûh ab` tbxtm @e bskrnture tnbhb uh nanmje qub rbspbter y pubab sbr treauknae e mtrms nanmjes @e fnrje hm hbkbsnte nanmje y hm sb treaukb bh mtrm nanmje @e bskrnture hm pubab nhvbhtersb @e fnrje bs nhvbhteae NNN. 

W_MKB[M AB K_BEKNMH AB @E[ [NDHEQR_E[9 E.  O.  K.  A.  B.  F. 

NV. 

Eprbhanzeib ab bskrnture y/m ansbõm ab `e fnrje [b`bkknûh ab uh ansbõm pere `e fnrje Bibrknknm ab rbekmhanknmhejnbhtm ab eiustb Kmhfmrjnaea ab` ansbõm ab `e suskrnpknûh Nhtrmybkknûh m dreoeknûh bh b` suo kmhsknbhtb Bxtbrnmzeknûh nhkmhsknbhtb ab `e nhjuteon`naea ab `e sndheture

B@ W_MKB[M [NDHEQ_NY

 

  Bs `e sukbsnûh ab bvbhtms, qub sb prmaukb abhtrm m fubre ab hmsmtrms. Bjpnbze kueham `m absbejms bibkuter hubstre fnrje y fnhe`nze abspuîs ab `e bibkuknûh prmpnejbhtb ankce. [us btepes smh9 E.  NHFM_JEKNÛH AB@ KMH[KNBHQB E@ NHKMH[KNBHQB AB@ AB[BM AB FN_JE_seobjms y hms aejms kubhte qub absbejms fnrjer, uh jbhseib kueham bh bsb sbhtnam bs bhvneam pmr `e vêe hburmhe` e` nhkmhsknbhtb, qunbh anspmhb qub vbrnfnqubjms sn bxnstb tmam `m hbkbsernm pere peser e `e ekknûh. O.  BSEJBH AB @M[ B[QNJR@M[ JEQB_NE@B[. @ms jù`tnp`bs bstêju`ms jetbrne`bs kmjm. @epnkbrm, pepb`, jbse, sn``e, btk, smh ehe`nzeams pmr b` sbhtnam ab` tektm, bh fmrje nhkmhsknbhtb y sn `ms bhkubhtre eabkueams `b trehsjntnrå uhe sbhseknûh ab kmjmanaea qub pbrjntnrå sbdunr b` prmkbsm. K.  BSEJBH AB @M[B[QNJR@M[ D_EFNKM[. Qejonîh bs uhe ekknûh nhkmhsknbhtb qub kmhsnstb bh `e vbrnfnkeknûh ab `e bxnstbhkne m nhbxnstbhkne ab jerkes drefnkes bh b` sbktmr ab fnrjer (uhe `êhbe, uh rbktåhdu`m, btk.) qub sn smh bstêju`ms qub absbhkeabhereh `e epernknûh ab `ms _BF@BIM[ D_EFNKM[ KMHANKNMHEAM[, jås eabkueams e bsb bstnju`m dråfnkm. A.  BIBKRKNMH AB @M[ _BF@BIM[ EKMHANKNMHEAM[ [n pmr bibjp`m b` bspeknm pere fnrjer bs pbqubõm y bstå kmhstntunam pmr uh bspeknm rbktehdu`er prb njprbsm (bstnju`m dråfnkm) `e pbrsmhe `m mosbrve y seob qub e``ê abob fnrjer, per e `m kue` `e kue` `e anjbhsnûh ab` bspeknm y anspmhb qub `e fnrje sbe rbauknae kmhvbhnbhtbjbhtb pere hm smorbpeser`m< bste eabkueknûh bs uh rbf`bim drefnkm nhkmhsknbhtb prmauknam pmr b` bstêju`m drefnkm (bspeknm rbktehdu`er) Ab `m ekmteam sbAB[BHKEABHE abaukb qub‚ qub‚ KREHAM B@B[QNJR@M KREHAM  B@B[QNJR@M B[ KMHMKNAM,[NH B@ NHKM[KNBHQB B@ _BF@BIM KMHANKNMHEAM WE_QNKNEWNKMH WE_QNKNEW NKMH AB@ KMH[KNBHQB‚. KMH[KNBHQB‚.   Bh kejonm, kueham b` bstêju`m bs abskmhmknam pmr hubstrm nhkmhsknbhtb hbkbsnterbjms jås nhfmrjeknûh pmr `m qub rbdrbserbjms e` bsteam kmhsknbhtb y ouskerbjms jås nhfmrjeknûh, y bs jås sbdurm qub `e pbrsmhe pbr smhe prbduhtb bh amhab abob fnrjer‚. fnrjer‚. @ms bstêju`ms dråfnkms ab jeymr kmhhmteknûh smh. e.  @ms omrabs ab` pepb`, kueham b` pepb` bste bh o`ehkm o.  B` fnhe` ab` tbxtm. k.  @êhbe ab peute pere `e fnrje a.  Ehtb fnrjes b.  Wms fnrjes

 

f.  _bkuearms pere `e fnrje d.  Qbxtm qub ankb fnrje c.  Jerkes bspbkne`bs9 krukbs, puhtms, mtres sbõe`bs. B.  W_MKB[M JMQ_NY @ms ansbõms ab hubstre fnrje dråfnke, bståh rbdnstreams m dreoeams bh hubstre jbjmrne jmtrnz, hm bh fmrje snhm oeim njpu`sms snhåptnkms qub ``ejeams njedbh jmtrnz, qub bs `e jehbre qub utn`nze hubstrm kbrborm pere rbdnstrer `e kehtnaea bxekte ab bhbrdêe qub prbknseh `ms jùsku`ms (ab` orezm, Ehtborezm, jehm, abams, btk) pere qub sb rbe`nkbh `es njådbhbs jmtrnkbs bh sus kmrrbspmhanbhtbs jmvnjnbhtms sb bh rb`eknûh sndhetrnz (abstnheae e prmauknr `e fnrje) Bh `e jbjmrne jmtrnz bhkmhtrerbjms tmams `ms aetms rb`etnvms e9 e.  Jmvnjnbhtms hm drefnkeams nhnkne`bs Uub smh `ms jmvnjnbhtms rbe`nzeams bh b` enrb, ehtbs qub b` ùtn` bskrnonbhtb tmqub b` pepb`, bstms aeh mrndbh e` puhtm ab etequb. o.  Jmvnjnbhtms drefnkeams [mh equb``ms rbe`nzeams kueham b` ùtn` bskrnonbhtb tmke b` pepb` prmauknbham `e fnrje. k.  Jmvnjnbhtms hm drefneams fnhe`bs [b prmaukbh bh b` enrb `ubdm ab fnhe`nzer `e fnrje a.  @e bvmkeknûh ab `e fnrje kmh rbspbktm e `ms bstêju`ms dråfnkms Keae pbrsmhe pmsnknmhe sus fnrjes bh fmrje bspbkne` bh b` bstêju`m dråfnkm, e`duhes `m cekbh bh b` kbhtrm, mtres pbdeaes e` nhnknm, smorbe`zeaes, keoe`dehtbs, btk. b.  Bvmkeknûh dråfnke. Bs b` prmkbsm nhkmhsknbhtb jbanehtb b` kue` `e njedbh jmtrnz bs bxtreêae ab `e jbjmrne jmtrnz y pbrjntb `e rbkupbreknûh ab `es nhfmrjeknmhbs prmpnes ab hubstre fnrje qub sb bhkubhtreh rbdnstreaes bh `e njedbh jmtrnz. f.  Bjp`ezejnbhtm prbfnieam. Bs `e jetbrne`nzeknûh ab` rbf`bim drefnkm kmhanknmheam bh b` bhkmhtrerbjms `es anstehknes qub duerae `e uonkeknûh ab `e fnrje kmh rbspbktm e `ms bstêju`ms dråfnkms, Wmarbjms bhkmhtrer, sn sb rbpntb vernes vbkbs b` ektm sndheture`, frbhtb e` jnsjm bstnju`m dråfnkm, sb

 

motbharåh eutûdrefes kuyms rbf`bims dråfnkms sbråh kmhstehtbs, pmr `m tehtm fåkn`jbhtb mosbrveo`bs y fektno`bs ab sbr jbanams, vbrnfnkåhamsb qub ankces jbanaes smh snjn`erbs, bstes jbanknmhbs sbråh utn`nzeaes kmjm uh nhankeamr jås bh `e nabhtnfnkeknûh ab fnrjes, ye qub kmhstntunråh eutmjetnsjms dråfnkms dråfnkms prmauknams pmr b` nhkmhskn nhkmhsknbhtb bhtb e fubrze ab rbpbtnknûh. V. 

B@ DB[QM D_EFNKM [mh cåontms m kmhfndureknmhbs bskrnture`bs bspbkne`bs, prmpnes ab keae pbrsmhe y qub snrvbh pere nabhtnfnker`m y anfbrbhkner`m ab `ms abjås. Qnbhbh uhes kerektbrêstnkes9 E.  O.  K.  A.  B. 

VN. 

_BURN[NQM[ AB @E FN_JE E.  O.  K.  A.  B.  F.  D.  C. 

VNN.

Wertnku`ernaeabs dråfnkes. Nabmdrefnsjms. Kmhstehtbs dråfnkes. Dbstms tnpm. Wbku`nernaeabs ab ve`mr nabhtnfnkemrnm.

 

Uub sbe kmhstehtb Ab heture`bze nhkmhsknbhtb. Ab epernknûh eutmjåtnke Nhvnsno`b pere `ms hbûfntms Anfêkn` ab njnter Anfêkn` ab anstmrsnmher, ansnju`er m ansfrezer Uub tbhde vernbaea Uub tbhde bqunve`bhkne dråfnke

B@BJBHQM[ FRHAEJBHQE@B[ FRHAEJBHQE@B[ AB @E[ FN_JE[. E.  B`bjbhtms Fuhaejbhte`bs Vnsno`bs. 5.  ?.  ;.  1.  2. 

@e vb`mknaea @e prbsnûh. @ms bh`ekbs. @e prmpmrknûh @ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms.

O.  B`bjbhtms Fuhaejbhte`bs Nhvnsno`bs. 5. 

Wuhtms ab rbfbrbhkne nhtrêhsbkms.

 

?.  ;. 

Wuhtms ab rbfbrbhkne bxtrêhsbkms _bf`bims dråfnkms kmhanknmheam.

VNNN.  D_EFMDBHB[N[ E.  Eprbhanzeib ab `e bskrnture y/m fnrje. 5.  ?.  ;.  1.  2.  NS. 

[b`bkknûh ab uh ansbõm pere `e fnrje. Bibrknknm ab rbekmhanknmhejnbhtm y eiustb. Kmhfmrjnaea ab` ansbõm ab `e fnrje. Dreoeknûh bh b` suokmhsknbhtb. Bxtbrnmrnzeknûh nhkmhsknbhtb ab `e juteon`naea ab `e fnrje. fnrje. 

JMVNJNBHQM[ JMVNJNBHQ M[ [RK_NWQM_B[. E.  Jmvnjnbhtms hm drefnkeams [mh `ms jmvnjnbhtms prbvnms qub rbe`nze b` puõm drefnkm ab` bskrnonbhtb e` trezer `e fnrje. O.  Jmvnjnbhtms drefnkeams 5.  Jmvnjnbhtms `ntbre`bs9 trezeam ab `btres. ?.  Jmvnjnbhtms ruornkeams9 trezms bspbkne`bs. ;.  Jmvnjnbhtms ab absp`ezejnbhtm9 anstehkne qub mobabkb e` absp`ezejnbhtm ab `e jehm.

S. 

VE_NEKNMHB[ AB @E[ FN_JE[ VE_NEKNMHB[ E.  Jmanfnkeknmhbs pmr rezmhbs pbrsmhe`bs9 trestmrhm fêsnkm m jbhte`. O.  Wmr rezmhbs jetbrne`bs9 abfnknbhkne bh `ms jetbrne`bs b nhstrujbhtms (supbrfnknb Wmr rezmhbsrudmse). knrkuhstehkne`bs9 fnrjer kejnheham, peream, ekmsteam, btk. Wmr rezmhbs prmfbsnmhe`bs9 VO. Wmr rezmhbs efbktnves9 fnrje nhtnje. Wmr rezmhbs ab` kejonm ab` bsteam knvn`. Wmr rezmhbs ab kue`naeabs pbrsmhe`bs9 ertnstes. Wmr rezmhbs ab ceon`naea ab `e jehm utn`nzeae9 fnrje kmh `e jehm qub iejås usm. N.  Bvm`uknûh ab `e fnrje9 kejonm pmr b` tnbjpm

K.  A.  B.  F.  D.  C. 

SN. 

B@BJBHQM[ B[Q_RKQR_E@B[ AB @E[ FN_JE[

 

Bs b` bstuanm ab `e fnrje ab `e fnrje, sb tmjerå bh kubhte `ms b`bjbhtms drefmskmpnms utn`nzeams bh b` ehå`nsns ab jehuskrntms, ceknbham ab prnjbre nhtbhknûh uhe mosbrveknûh ab sus kerektbrêstnkes ab kmhiuhtm, ve`b abknr `ms dîhbrms m b`bjbhtms bstrukture`bs, euhqub kmh e`duhes vernehtbs y anstnhtms dreams ab ve`mreknûh, ye qub kmjm sb ce treteam `e sndheture pms `es tehtes anfbrbhknes ekmteaes kmh rb`eknûh e `e bskrnture tnbhb uhe heture`bze erontrerne y jås pbrsmhe`êsnje. @ms b`bjbhtms dråfnkms e kmhsnabrer smh9 e. 

B` tnpm ab fnrje. 5.  Fnrje kmjp`bte, -Uub pubab kmjprbhabr b` hmjorb y `ms ams epb``nams, kmjm qub tejonîh pubabh sbr tmte`jbhtb n`bdno`b, `m njpmrtehtb qub su bibkuknûh sbe ‐bhtbre‚ kerbhtb ab snjp`nfnkeknmhbs< dbhbre`jbhtb sb p`esje bh amkujbhtms ab dreh treskbhabhkne pere b` tntu`er. ?.  Jbane Fnrje. - [b kmhsnabre e equb``e qub bs uhe snjp`nfnkeknûh m eorbvneknûh ab `e fnrje bhtbre y qub utn`nzeh hmrje`jbhtb `es pbrsmhes qub fnrjeh jukcms amkujbhtms ab jbhmr treskbhabhkne. ;.  Vnstm Oubhm m Vnsî. -Bs uhe fnrje juy snjp`b kmhstntunae ab uh sbhkn``m y eorbvneam trezeam, qub pubab rbe`nzersb bh uh sm`m jmvnjnbhtm bskrnture` y qub sb utn`nze pere aer kmhfmrjnaea.

o.

 

B` dream ab `bdnon`naea. 5.  Fnrjes @bdno`bs. - Uub bståh bstruktureaes pmr b`bjbhtms `ntbre`bs. ?.  Fnrjes n`bdno`bs. - Uub kerbkb ab b`bjbhtms `bdno`bs, kmhstntunams pmr abserrm``ms dråfnkms hm kmhvbhknmhe`bs. ;.  Fnrjes sbjn`bdno`bs. - Kueham bh su bstrukture bxnstb uhe jnxture ab b`bjbhtms dråfnkms `bdno`bs b n`bdno`bs.

k. 

@e anjbhsnûh.

 

Kmrrbspmhab e` tejeõm ab `e fnrje. [b pubab tmjer ams verneo`bs9 `e e`ture y su bxtbhsnûh Dbhbre`jbhtb, sb ep`nke `m sbõe`eam bh b` kesm ab `es bskrntures, bs abknr tmjeham kmjm oesb, bh b` tejeõm ab `es `btres kmrtes y `es pesehtbs, qub bhb b` kesm ab `es sndhetures, bqunve`bh e `ms b`bjbhtms ab `e keie sndheture` y `ms trezms se`nbhtbs cekne errnoe y eoeim< ab `m kue` pmabjms sbõe`er `e suo anvnsnûh sndunbhtb9 WBURBÕE

JBANEHE

D_EHAB a. 

@e anrbkknûh [b dreaùe tmjeham kmjm oesb `e `êhbe cmrnzmhte`, sn `evesb ab `e fnrje bs pere`b`e e bste, sb ankb qub CM_NYMHQE@ pmr mtrm `eam pubab sbr eskbhabhtb sn su abserrm``m sb mrnbhte cekne errnoe y abskbhabhtb, sn sb anrndb cekne eoeim

b. 

@e nhk`nheknûh [b tmje kmjm oesb `e `êhbe vbrtnke`, sbdùh sbe `e absvneknûh ab `ms b`bjbhtms sndheture`bs, smorb tmam `ms trezms vbrtnke`bs, @e nhk`nheknûh pubab sbr e `e abrbkce, e `e nzqunbrae m snh nhk`nheknûh (brdunae), bh bstb ù`tnjm kesm kueham kmnhknab kmh `e `êhbe vbrtnke`. [NH NHK@NHEKNMH

 

E @E AB_BKCE

E @E NYURNB_AE.

f. 

@e prbsnûh Bs nhtbhsnaea ab bhbrdêe qub sb ep`nke e` nhstrujbhtm bskrnonbhtb e` jmjbhtm ab bibkuter `ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms sndheture`bs pubabs sbr pbrkbptno`b mosbrveham b` rbvbrsm ab `e cmie fnrjeae, [b anstnhdubh trbs suo tnpms9 Wrbsnûh Fubrtb, Wrbsnûh hmrje` y Wrbsnûh `åon` m aîon`. W_B[NMHEAE

HM_JE@

@EON@

d. 

@e vb`mknaea Kmrrbspmhab e` dream ab repnabz qub sb utn`nze pere trezer `ms trezms sndheture`bs. [b abskmhmkbh `es sndunbhtbs9 Vb`mknaea `bhte, Hmrje` y råpnae. @BHQE

 

 

HM_JE@

_EWNAE

c. 

@e ehdu`msnaea [b ve`mre b` prbamjnhnm ab drefnsjms ehdu`msms m kurvms bh `es fnrjes, pmr `m tehtm, sb pubab suo anvnanr bh9 ehdu`mse, kurve m jnxte. EHDR@M[E

KR_VE

JNSQE

n. 

@e prmpmrknmhe`naea

 

 

Bs `e rb`eknûh kmhstehtb ab `es jbanaes bxnstbhtbs bhtrb `ms drefnsjms qub kmjpmhbh `e fnrje. B` tejeõm ab `e sndheture pmarêe verner, ceknîhamsb jås drehab m pbqubõe, ab ekubram e` bspeknm dråfnkm ab qub sb anspmhb pere p`esjer`e, pbrm `e prmpmrknûh snbjprb sbrå snjn`er W_MWM_KNHEAE

AB[W_MWM_KNMHEAE

i. 

@ms bh`ekbs Bh `es fnrjes bståh rbprbsbhteaes pmr b` dream ab uhnûh ab sus b`bjbhtms dråfnkms. @m njpmrtehtb e tmjer bh kubhte bh bstb dîhbrm bs `e pbrsnstbhkne bh bh`ezer m absbh`ezer e`duhms ab `ms b`bjbhtms ab `e sndheture. AB[BH@EYEAE

l. 

@e mrhejbhteknûh Kmrrbspmhabh e `ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms dråfnkms qub eamrheh e `es fnrjes qub pmr `m dbhbre` sb bhkmhtrereh bh `es `btres jeyùsku`es y `e rùornke, pmr `m qub bs jås fåkn` ab eprbknersb bh `es sndhetures `bdno`bs. M_HEJEBHQEAE

 

`. 

  @e ceon`naea Bs b` dream ab abstrbze qub sb bvnabhkne bh `e bibkuknûh ab `e fnrje qub pubab sbr Wmkm cåon` m juy cåon`. Equê sb abob anfbrbhkner qub `ms ehe`feobtms dbhbre`jbhtb abhmteh pmke ceon`naea pere suskrnonr, jnbhtres qub `es pbrsmhes kmh nhstrukknûh frbkubhtbjbhtb suskrnobh kmh jukce ceon`naea9 y pmrpbrabr anfbrbhtbs fektmrbs kmjm `e bhfbrjbaea m `e evehzeae baea sb pubab ceon`naea pere fnrjer. CEON@

HM_JE@

@BHQE

. SNN. 

B@BJBHQM[ NABHQNFNKEQM_NM[ NABHQNFNKEQM_NM[ AB @E[ FN_JE[ Bh bstb ekåpntb, e` ndue` qub bh b` kesm ab `es bskrntures, treterbjms ab equb``ms b`bjbhtms qub nhanvnaue`nzeh `e pbrsmhe`naea dråfnke, pmrqub peseh nheavbrtnams e` tntu`er y, kmh jås rezûh e` njnteamr, pbrm kmh anfbrbhtb bhfmqub, ye qub kmjm, sb anim ehtbrnmrjbhtb, `e bibkuknûh ab `es suskrnpknmhbs bs erontrerne ye qub hm rbspbte hnhduhe rbd`e kmhvbhknmhe`, @ms b`bjbhtms nabhtnfnketmrnms e kmhsnabrer smh9

 

e.  Fmrje y uonkeknûh ab `ms puhtms ab etequb. Bh kuehtm e `e fmrje, sb tmjerå bh kubhte `e k`esnfnkeknûh aeae pere `es bskrntures, puanbham eampter `es kmhfndureknmhbs sndunbhtbs9 -  Ekbream -  Erpûh --   -  -  - 

Dehkcm Omtûh Orbvbs _bktms _bamhabeams.

o.  Fmrje, anrbkknûh y uonkeknûh ab `ms resdms fnhe`bs9 Bstms smh ehe`nzeams e` ndue` qub `ms puhtms ab etequb. k.  Kejonm ab prbsnûh bh `e bibkuknûh ab `e fnrje. a.  Bste aeae pmr `e f`uktueknûh kmhstehtb ab `e fubrze qub sb bibrkb bh tmae `e bxtbhsnûh ab `e fnrje< bs bsb kejonm ab prbsnûh bh sbktmrbs onbh abtbrjnheams qub kerektbrnze e `es fnrjes eutîhtnkes. Bstb espbktm ab pubab ve`mrer tmjeham bh kubhte ams fektmrbs9 Wrnjbr fektmr9 Kmhsnstb bh qub b` tntu`er ab `e suskrnpknûh bh b` hnvb` kmhsknbhtb hm seob bh quî jmjbhtm hn kueham sb prmaukb `e verneknûh ab prbsnûh, `m qub qunbrb abknr qub hm `m eavnbrtb. [bduham Fektmr9 [b rbfnbrb e` fe`snfnkeamr, e qunbh `b sbrå anfêkn` njnter `es verneknmhbs ab prbsnûh abonam e qub bs pråktnkejbhtb njpmsno`b vbr `e prbsnûh bibrknae tmae `e bxtbhsnûh ab `ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms bibkutersb trezmsbh uhnfmrjbs pmrqub bståh anouieham `ms trezms, ydråfnkms, pmrqub qub b` fe`sernm pmsbb sus prmpnes f`uktueknmhbs ab prbsnûh qub breh p`esjeaes e` nhtbhter `e fe`snfnkeknûh. b.  @es rb`eknmhbs bhtrb `ms b`bjbhtms sndheture`bs. [mh equb``es rb`eknmhbs bspbkne`bs y kmhstehtbs qub bxnstbh bhtrb ams b`bjbhtms dråfnkms ab `e fnrje, Bstes pubabh sbr9 5.  Nhtbrdrejetnke`bs9 Uub sb prbsbhteh bhtrb `ms drejjes ab uhe jnsje `btre

 

?.  Nhtbr`ntbre`bs9 Uub eperbkbh bhtrb ams `btres, Wubabh sbr rb`eknmhbs ab nhk`nheknûh, ab fusnûh, ab e`tures, ab anjbhsnûh, ab anrbkknûh btk. ;.  Nhtbrvmkeou`erbs9[b eprbkneh bhtr bhtrbb ams vmkeo`ms anfbrbhtbs ab `e fnrje. 1.  Nhtbrprmprmknmhe`bs9 Uub sb aeh bhtrb `e prmpmrknûh qub pubab prbsbhter uh b`bjbhtm sndeheture` e` rbspbktm e mtrm. 2.  f.  Fmrje ab` kubrpm ab `e fnrje. E` ndue` qub bh `e bskrnture, `e jmrfm`mdêe qub eampte b` kubrpm sndheture` rbvnstb njpmrtehkne pere fnhbs nabhtnfnketmrnms, pere te` bfbktm sm`m sb kmhsnabreh `es drefêes kmrtes m sus bqunve`bhtbs bh kesm ab sndhetures n`bdno`bs, bhkuearåham`es bh sus `njntehtbs supbrnmr b nhfbrnmr, ab te` jehbre qub sb motnbhbh uhe fndure kerektbrêstnke qub sb rbpbtnrå bh fmrje snjn`er bh uh drupm ab suskrnpknmhbs dbhunhes ab` tntu`er, e `e vbz qub sb abob kbhtrer `e etbhknûh bh `e anrbkknûh qub eampte bh su absbhvm`vnjnbhtm. K_BKNBHQB

ABK_BKNBHQB

KMHVBSE

[NHRM[E

 

 

d.  @ms rbf`bims dråfnkms kmhanknmheams Kmrrbspmhabh e `e rbekknûh drefnke ab` nhkmhsknbhtb frbhtb e abtbrjnheam bstnju`m drefnkm m puhtm ab rbfbrbhkne bxtrêhsbkm. Bstå rbekknûh drefnke kmhanknmhe b` ansbõm ab `e fnrje smorb b` pepb`, pbrbhhnzåham`e y ceknîham`e vnsno`b. B` rbf`bim dråfnkm kmhanknmheam tnbhb `es kue`naeabs ab sbr9 -  Kmhstetbs -  Jbano`bs -  Bxpbrnjbhte`bs -  Abjmstreo`bs -  Ùtn`bs pere fnhbs ab nabhtnfnkeknûh.

@ms nhankeamrbs jås njpmrtehtbs qub sb abobh tmjer bh kubhte pere b` bstuanm ab `ms rbf`bims dråfnkms kmhanknmheams smh `ms sndunbhtbs9 -  _b`eknûh ab uonkeknûh y anstehkne bhtrb b` kubrpm sndheture` y `e `êhbe ab peute u mtrms puhtms ab rbfbrbhkne snjn`erbs. -  _b`eknûh bhtrb `e fnrje y b` nhnknm ab `e `êhbe ab peute -  @e prmpmrknûh ab `e fnrje rbspbktm e `ms puhtms ab rbfbrbhkne bxtrêhsbkms kmjm rbkuearms, kesn``es u mtrms snjn`erbs. -  _b`eknûh ab ab `e `e fnrje fnrje kmh rbspbktm e `mse`omrabs ab`ehtbkbab. pepb` o`ehkm. rb`eknûh tbxtm qub -  _b`eknûh

SNNN.  _BURN[NQM[ AB RHE FN_JE ERQBHQNKE. Were qub uhe fnrje sbe kmhsnabreae eutbhtnke m ve`nae, sb rbqunbrb kmjm jêhnjm `ms sndunbhtbs rbqunsntms9 e.  Uub prmvbhde ab` tntu`er, kesm kmhtrernm bs freuau`bhte. o.  Uub bstî vndbhtb, ye qub `es fnrjes kejoneh y bvm`uknmheh bh b` tnbjpm< `e suskrnpknûh ab uhe pbrsmhe qub aete ab cekb ?7 eõms eprmxnjeaejbhtb, sn ce bvm`uknmheam dråfnkejbhtb, hm jbrbkb b` ke`nfnketnvm ab eutîhtnke, sm`m sb pmarå efnrjer qub prmvnbhb ab su tntu`er.

 

k.  Uub rbprmauzke b` ansbõm bskmdnam, `m qub qunbrb abknr qub rbspbtbs `ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms dråfnkms hmrje`bs. Mpubstms e bstb rbqunsntm kmhstntuybh `ms kesms bh qub `e sndheture sufrbh jmanfnkeknmhbs bh su ansbõm. a.  Uub sbe mrndnhe`, bs abknr qub ceye snam trezeae bh fmrje anrbkte bh b` rbkbptmr y qub sbe eibhe e kue`qunbr tnpm ab rbprmaukknûh kmjm `es motbhnaes pmr< Wehtûdrefm, fmtmdrefêe, fmtmståtnke, jedhbtmdrefnke, andnte`nzeknûh nhfmrjåtnke u mtrms. SNV.  VE_NEKNMH VE_NEKNMHB[ B[ AB @E[ FN_JE[ Jukcms fektmrbs pubabh jmanfnker m e`tbrer `es fnrjes, ndue` qub `m nhankeam smorb `e bskrnture, e te` dream qub bhtrb jmanfnkeknmhbs y `es suskrnpknmhbs usue`bs ab `e jnsje pbrsmhe, hm bxnste perbknam e`duhm. Bh bstb espbktm sbõe`erbjms oåsnkejbhtb `es ams fmrjes bxnstbhtbs qub smh jmanfnkeknmhbs nhvm`uhternes y abhtrm ab `ms kesms jås frbkubhtbs. e.  Jmanfnkeknmhbs nhvm`uhternes m heture`bs. 5. 

Jmanfnkeknmhbs pmr rezmhbs pbrsmhe`bs, kueham `e fnrje verne pmr trestmrhm fêsnkm m jbhte`. Jmanfnkeknmhbs pmr rezmhbs jetbrne`bs, kueham `ms nhstrujbhtms y m jetbrne`bs useams pere `e fnrje prbsbhteh abfnknbhkne y anfnku`teh bh b` ektm ab fnrjer Bibjp`m9 Fnrjer ceonbham km`mkeam b` pepb` smorb uhe supbrfnknb rudmse. Wmr rezmhbs knrkuhstehkne`bs, fnrjer kejnheham, ekmsteam, btk. Wmr rezmhbs prmfbsnmhe`bs, pmr b` treoeim qub absbjpbõe `e pbrsmhe sb vb mo`ndeae e utn`nzer anvbrses jehbres ab fnrjer< b` vnstm oubhm bs bibjp`m k`åsnkm.

?. 

;.  1.   

2. Wmr rezmhbs efbktnves bh `e vnae b` bhejmream bskrnob su hmvne anfêkn`jbhtb drefnke su anerne, fnrje usue`, snhm qubqub sub`b trezere uhe fnrje nhtnje‚ qunzås utn`nzeham sm`m su prnjbr hmjorb b`njnheham b` epb``nam. 6.  Wmr rezmhbs ab` kejonm ab bsteam knvn`, hmrje`jbhtb, `e juibr abspuîs ab keseae eampte b` epb``nam ab su bspmsm. @e jmanfnkeknûh bs bvnabhtb. 4.  Wmr rezmhbs ab kue`naeabs pbrsmhe`bs, bhtrb b``ms tbhbjms `ms sbuaûhnjms utn`nzeams pmr e`duhms ertnstes 3.  Wmr rezmhbs ab ceon`naea ab `e jehm utn`nzeae, kueham pmr kue`qunbr rezûh (ekknabhtb ab tråhsntm), uhe pbrsmhe sb vb mo`ndeae e fnrjer kmh `e jehm qub iejås usm pere bstb ektm. >.  Bvm`uknûh ab `e fnrje, kejonm pmr b` tnbjpm

 

  o.  Jmanfnkeknmhbs vm`uhternes m am`mses. Bh bstb puhtm keob ceo`er ab tmaes equb``es verneknmhbs nhtbhknmhe`bs cbkces pmr b` cmjorb qub nhknabh smorb `es fnrjes, kmhsnabreaes bh b` ruorm ‐Fe`snfnkeknûh jetbrne`‚ y abhtrm ab bstb, bspbkêfnkejbhtb e `ms ‐JBQMAM[ FE@[NFNKEKNMH AB FN_JE[‚. Bh te` sbhtnam absab b` puhtm ab vnste drefmtbkhnkm, fnrje fe`se kmhstntuyb‚  EURB@@E FM_JE D_EFNKE URB HM W_MKBAB AB@ WRÕM D_EFNKM AB [R QNQR@E_‚  @ms jîtmams ab fe`snfnkeknûh ab fnrjes sb suoanvnabh bh9 5.  Fe`snfnkeknmhbs snh njnteknûh. e.  Fnrje pmr bibkuknûh `norb9 B` fe`sernm kerbkb ab uh jmab`m, ùhnkejbhtb kmhmkb b` hmjorb y epb``nam ab `e pbrsmhe edrevneae, ab qunbh hm seob kûjm bskrnob hn kmjm fnrje. Bibkute `m qub b` kbrborm `m mrabhe, kuym rbsu`team sbrå anejbtre`jbhtb mpubstm e` drefnsjm dbhunhm. Bh bsms kesms, pubab sbr fåkn`jbhtb rbkmhmknam m nabhtnfnkersb e` eutmr, ye qub, e` hm bfbktuer uhe ekknûh njntetnve, `m qub cekb bs nhvbhter uhe fmrje dråfnke y e` nhvbhter bxtreb nhkmhsknbhtbjbhtb absbhvm`vnjnbhtms dråfnkms e`jekbheams bh su jbjmrne, utn`nzeham ab bste jehbre kerektbrêstnkes qub `b smh nhcbrbhtbs e su pbrsmhe`naea dråfnke.

o.  Fnrje Fnktnkne9 Bs fnktnkne, kueham `e kmhfndureknûh dråfnke e hmjorb ab` tntu`er bs fnhdnam, nrrbe` m nhbxnstbhtb, bs abknr sb nhvbhte uhe fnrje kmh uh hmjorb supubstm m fe`sm.

 

Bstb freuab ab fnrjes, bs b` rbsu`team ab uhe krbeknûh m nhvbhtm sndheture` y sb bfbktùe kmh `e nabe ab qub hm sbrå nabhtnfnkeam< snh bjoerdm, aurehtb b` bxejbh ab uhe fnrje fnktnkne, sb abobrå pmhbr jukcm îhfesns bh `ms b`bjbhtms anfbrbhkne`bs ab `e fnrje y bsbhkne`jbhtb bh `e rùornke, pubstm qub ecê bs amhab b` fe`sernm abie bh bvnabhkne su jerke ab fåornke, qub hms pbrjntnrå abtbrjnher e` eutmr ab `e suskrnpknûh, snbjprb bh kueham tbhdejms fnrjes smspbkcmses. @es kerektbrêstnkes ab uhe fnrje fnktnkne smh9 -  -  -  -  - 

[b nhvbhte uhe fnrje kmh hmjorbs y epb``nams supubstms. [b etrnouyb b` amkujbhtm e uhe pbrsmhe nhbxnstbhtb Hm bxnstbh jubstres hn peråjbtrms ab kmjpereknûh Bs fektno`b abtbrjnher `e nabhtnfnkeknûh ab` eutmr ab `e fnrje. @e rùornke bs uhe kerektbrêstnke ab`etmre pere bsteo`bkbr `e eutmrêe

?.  Fe`snfnkeknûh pmr Anstmrsnûh. e.  Fnrje Ansfrezeae9 Bs `e jmae`naea ab freuab qub sukbab kueham b` tntu`er tnbhb `e nhtbhknûh ab jmanfnker m absfndurer ab`nobreaejbhtb su prmpne fnrje, bstm sukbab, pmr kubstnmhbs ab nhkujp`nr uhe mo`ndeknûh kmhtrektue` u mtres rezmhbs anfnku`teham kmh b``ms su vbrnfnkeknûh. Bste jmae`naea tnbhb kmjm pertnku`ernaea hbder `e fnrje bibkuteae pmr b` eutmr jehnfbsteham `m qub sb abhmjnhe `e ‐eutm fe`snfnkeknûh‚. Abhtrm A bhtrm ab sus kerektbrêstnkes ab`etmrnes tbhbjms9 --   -  -  -  -  -  -  - 

Qrete abe absfndurer su fnrje Qnbhab verner e`duhms trezms Verneknûh ab nhk`nheknûh prmdrbsnve pmr rbdrbsnve Anfbrbhtb jmab`m m fmrje ab drefêes Anfbrbhtb tejeõm Bskrnture `bhte Bskrnture jesnve [b pubab rbkmhmkbr e` eutmr Kejone e` jmab`m ab `e drefêe kepnte` m ab `e rùornke.

o.  Fnrje Qekceae bstå rb`eknmheae e njpbanr `e mosbrveknûh ab `e fnrje eutbhtnke bh amkujbhtms kmhtrmvbrtnams m kubstnmheams, usue`jbhtb sb sub`b eacbrnr jehkces ab tnhte smorb `ms trezms ab

 

`e eutûdrefe, esê kmjm rbkuornr ankcms kerektbrbs dråfnkms kmh reyes drubses ab p`ujûh m nhstrujbhtm bstn`mdråfnkm. ;.  Fe`snfnkeknûh kmh Njnteknûh e.  Wmr njnteknûh sbrvn`. B` eutmr sb prmkure ab uh jmab`m ab `e fnrje m bskrnture qub sb prmpmhb njnter, rbprmauknîham`es `m jås fnb`jbhtb pmsno`b bs abknr eprmxnjåhamsb `m jås qub s bpmae e` jmab`m, ab b``m sb absprbhab `e abhmjnheknûh sbrvn` pmr kuehtm b` fe`sernm sb suibte e` jmab`m. Kerektbrêstnkes 5.  ?.  ;.  1.  2.  6.  4. 

Qrezeam `bhtm Qrbjmrmsnaeabs Vekn`eknmhbs m je`e nhtbrprbteknûh ab` absbhvm`vnjnbhtm ab `ms trezms m resdms. B` fe`sernm hm tmje bh kubhte `ms trezms fnhms y `ms p`bhms m drubsms _btmqubs _baukknûh m ejp`neknûh ab` bspeknm drefnkm (bh fnrjes). [morbkerdes ab tnhtes.

o.  Wmr njnteknûh sbrvn` bibrknteae. B` fe`snfnkeamr sb prmvbb ab vernms jmab`ms ab fnrjes dbhunhes y prmkbabrå e bibrknter`es bh uh tnbjpm hm juy bxtnhtm, e fnh ab eampter su jehm e `ms absbhvm`vnjnbhtms dråfnkms qub prbsbhte, ceste qub krbe kmhvbhnbhtbjbhtb qub sb perbzke e `e eutîhtnke. Hm prbsbhtere jukcms sndhms ab fe`snfnkeknûh, kmjm bh `e njnteknûh sbrvn`, puanbham bhdeõer kmh fekn`naea e `ms nhbxpbrtms.

 

Kerektbrêstnkes. 5.  Qrezeam f`unam, abhmteham knbrtm anhejnsjm y bspmhtehbnaea. ?.  Cey pmkes pereaes, rbtmjes y rbtmqubs ;.  [njp`nfnkeknûh ab trezms y resdms (jednstre`bs u mtrms b`bjbhtms `ntbre`bs). 1.  Knbrtes tbjmrmsnaeabs. 2.  Hm sb rb prmaukbh dbstms dråfnkms te`bs kmjm< puhtms ab etequb, bh`ekbs rbjetbs, sndhms ab puhtueknûh btk. 6.  Abserrm``m dråfnkm je` nhtbrprbteams. 4.  B` pbrntm hbkbsntere ab jubstres sufnknbhtbs qub sbeh kmbtåhbes, cmjm`mdes y bspmhtehbes. k.  Wmr njnteknûh sbrvn` bibrknteae B` eutmr pere bstb tnpm ab fe`snfnkeknûh rbqunbrb ab uh jmab`m m petrûh y hm sb `njnte e rbprmauknr uhe bskrnture m fnrje, snhm qub prbvnejbhtb rbe`nze uh pbrnmam ab bhtrbhejnbhtm, qub `b pbrjntb fejn`nernzersb e nr esnjn`eham `ms rbf`bims prmpnms ab `e bskrnture ab su vêktnje. a.  Fe`snfnkeknûh pmr ke`km. Bs `e rbprmaukknûh ab uh bskrntm m fnrje jbanehtb `ms sndunbhtbs prmkbanjnbhtms 5.  Qrehsperbhkne m krnste` jetb9 B` fe`sernm rbqunbrb ab` amkujbhtm eutbhtnkm (bskrnture m fnrje) pere `m kue` utn`nze uhe p`eke ab vnarnm sbjbiehtb e` teo`brm ab` fmtûdrefm, fubrtbjbhtb n`ujnheams ‐eperetm ab Onskcmff‚.  Onskcmff‚.   pmr aboeim. [b abhmjnhe tejonîh ?.  Wmr km`mreknûh m drefntm9 Bh bstb kem prmkbab e pnhter b` amrsm ab `e jubstre e ke`ker, `ubdm sb km`mke aboeim ab` amkujbhtm eutbhtnkm (bskrnture m fnrje) uhe cnie ab pepb` bh o`ehkm bh b` kue` sb ve e rbprmauknr, fnhe`jbhtb sb rbpese kmh tnhte bh `ms surkms trehsfbrnams. ;.  Kmh pepb` keroûh9 Kmhsnstbh bh rbprmauknr uh bskrntm m fnrje, rbsndunbham `ms trezms ab` jmab`m mrndnhe`, pbrm sb nhtbrke`e bhtrb b` amkujbhtm dbhunhm y b` pepb` bh o`ehkm uhe cmie ab pepb` keroûh. 1.  Wuhte sbke m rmje9 [b rbpese b` jmab`m dbhunhm (fnrje m bskrnture), kmh uh moibtm puhtbeam, ab jmam qub `e fubrze

 

qub bh b``e sb njprnjb, abib ab peser `es cub``es bh b` pepb` bh o`ehkm, `ubdm sb rbsndub kmh tnhte. b.  Fe`snfnkeknûh pmr sb``m. B` Fe`sernm sb edbhkne ab uhe fnrje eutbhtnke y feornkerå uh sb``m y kmh utn`nzeknûh ab uh tejpûh, jerkerå `e fnrje bh b` rbkbptmr. Bh e`duhms kesms cey uh sbdunjnbhtm ab `e jerke kmh uh nhstrujbhtm bskrnonbhtb. f.  Fe`snfnkeknûh pmr Wehtûdrefm. B` eutmr motnbhb uhe fnrje petrûh y kmh uh pehtûdrefm bh b` kue` kmhanknmhe uh nhstrujbhtm bskrnonbhtb ab `ms bxtrbjms bfbktùe uh sbdunjnbhtm ab `e sndheture bh b` rbkbptmr bskmdnam pere `e fe`snfnkeknûh. d.  Fe`snfnkeknûh pmr fmtmkmpneamre. Qmaes seobjms `e dreh utn`naea ab `es jequnhes fmtmkmpneamres, qub pbrjntbh aup`nker kue`qunbr amkujbhtm kmh dreh fekn`naea kmh b` jbhmr bsfubrzm, `m kue`, pmr rezmhbs movnes, b` fe`snfnkeamr `b bs sujejbhtb etrektnvm e qub pbrjntnrå fe`snfnker fnrjes snh tbhbr qub bjp`ber `ms jîtmams treanknmhe`bs ehtbs knteams. Bxnstbh ams jmae`naeabs abhtrm ab bstb ruorm, bh prnjbr `uder, utn`nzeham fmtmkmpneamres bh o`ehkm y hbdrm y bh sbduham tîrjnhm bjp`beham `es fmtmkmpneamres e km`mrbs. c.  Fe`snfnkeknmhbs pmr jbanms nhfmrjåtnkms. Kmh b` evehkb ab `e tbkhm`mdêe nhfmrjåtnke, bstb tnpm abr fe`snfnkeknmhbs ce kmoream hmteo`bs nhknabhkne bh b` uhnvbrsm ab `ms freuabs amkujbhte`bs. B` prmkbanjnbhtm bs b` sndunbhtb9 Wrnjbrm9 Kmh b` bjp`bm ab uh skehhbr m uhe kåjere vvnabm nabm sb bfbktùe `e kepture ab` ansbõm ab `e sndheture jmab`m. [bduham9 bste njedbh bs trehspmrteae (andnte`nzeae) e` kmjputeamr. Qbrkbrm9 [b prmkbab e su njprbsnûh utn`nzeham kue`qunbr tnpm ab njprbsmre eabkuåham`e e` tbxtm b`bdnam, ab te` jehbre qub sb motnbhb uh amkujbhtm freuau`bhtm.

 

n.  Fnrjes trehsfbrnaes. Kmhsnstb bh qub `e fnrje eutbhtnke bs treteae jbanehtb kmjpmhbhtbs quêjnkms qub keusbh rbekknûh e `e tnhe, ab te` jehbre qub pmr bfbktm rbektnvm ab `e tnhte, qubae kmjm sn bstuvnbsb rbknîh trezeaes, `ubdm ab` kue`, kmh uh rman``m ab keukcm sb rbkmdb ankcms trezeams (kmjm b` utn`nzeam bh b` snstbje mffsbt) pmsnon`nteham `bvehter `e tnhte pere pmstbrnmrjbhtb trehsfbrnr`ms e mtrm rbkbptmr, bh bstb ù`tnjm sb njprbdhere `e fnrje kuym ve`mr ab eutbhtnknaea pnbrab, kmhvnrtnîhamsb bh uhe fnrje fe`se kmh ansbõms eutîhtnkms. SV. 

KMH[NAB_EKNMHB[ [MO_B @E[ JRB[Q_E[ KREHAM [B Q_EQB AB WB_NQEIB[ BH FN_JE[. 5.  @es fnrjes abobråh sbr bibkuteaes kmh jetbrne` snjn`er e` utn`nzeam bh `es fnrjes auamses (fmrjetms ab kcbqub, pederbs, om`êdrefm, p`ujûh, `åpnz, p`uje fubhtb btk.) ?.  Abob bster trezeaes bh uh bspeknm dråfnkm kmh anjbhsnmhbs naîhtnkes e `es qub mkupe `e fnrje nhkrnjnheae, pmrqub `es fnrjes eutîhtnkes, tnbhabh e jmanfnker bspmhtåhbejbhtb su tejeõm abpbhanbham ab` bspeknm qub anspmhb. ;.  Qreter ab rbprmauknr `es pmsno`bs kmhanknmhbs, kmjm fub trezeae `e fnrje kubstnmheae (ab pnb, sbhteam, bh jmvnjnbhtm). 1.  @es Jubstres sb tmjeråh bh cmies sbpereaes, abonbham km`mker bh `e prnjbre pådnhe, `es dbhbre`bs ab `by ab `e pbrsmhe njp`nkeae (dream ab nhstrukknûh, mkupeknûh, baea btk.,ab eabjås abob bstejper `e njprbsnûh ab` êhankb abrbkcm (pere esbdurersb pmstbrnmrbs hbdetnves). 2.  @ epbrsmhe njp`nkeae hm abob mosbrver `e fnrje auamse. 6.  E pertnr ab `e sbduhae cmie, sb ``bverå bh b` bhkeobzejnbhtm, b` hmjorb y epb``nams kmjp`btms ab `e pbrsmhe qub treze `es fnrjes, bhujbråham`es kmrrb`etnvejbhtb kmjm sb motbhdeh. 4.  B` mfnkne` m fuhknmhernm qub motnbhb `es jubstres abobrå fnrjer`es bh `e pertb nhfbrnmr nzqunbrae, pmhnbham su hmjorb, ibrerquêe y sb``m ab `e Rhnaea.

 

3.  Hm sb pubab kmtbier `es fnrjes kmh jehuskrntms m vnkbvbrse< se`vm kueham `es fnrjes bståh kmhfmrjeaes pmr b`bjbhtms `ntbre`bs.