Trabajo Final de Metodologia de La Investigacion

 

Vrn`njc fl eltcfckcdån fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm

Gmtldrnmtls. Anrgmn enrblkn bnrrnsbnk elfgmn Ygvgnmn enrdnrgtn bnmtgkkc ecvgkkn

Vutcr: Fnråc Kldugzneòm

Xrcdrnen: Kgb. ‒ lm igkcsciån

\mgvlrsgfnf mnbgcmnk n`glrtn y n fgstnmbgn Blnf (Ynkklfupnr)

Gmtrcfubbgòm

 

Lk prlslmtl trn`njc tglml bcec c`jltc bceprlmflr kn gepcrtnmbgn qul tglm tglml l kn lk lkn` n`crn crnbg bgòm òm fl um pr prcy cylb lbtc tc fl gmvl gmvlst stgd gdnb nbgò gòm, m, nprlm nprlmfl flrr y bcmcblr kns pnutns qul rlquglrl fltlregmnfn gmvlstgdnbgòm , yn qul fl lstn flplmfl kn lvckubgòm fl um prcylbtc fl gmvlstgdnbgòm

ECFLKCR VLBMGBNR GMYLRVGDNBGCM

W

XPCBLRCR

LM

KN

 

Dlmlrnkgfnfls fl um prcylbtc fl gmvlstgdnbgòm Kn gmvlstgdnbgòm fl um prcylbtc fl gmvlstgdnbgòm pulfl slr umn tnrln fgiåbgk lm bglrtn elfgfn, puls mc sgleprl sl bulmtn bcm kn lxplrglmbgn mlblsnrgn mlblsn rgn sg le`nrdc kn nflbunfn lkn`crnbgòm fl kn prcpulstn gmgbgnk, dugnrn lk flsnrrckkc flk prcblsc gmvlstgdntgvc. \m prcylbtc gmvlstgdntgvc surdl lm lk prgmbg prgmbgpgc pgc fl um gmtlrçs fl um gmvlstgdn gmvlstgdnfcr fcr pcr um tlen qul kc bnutgvn lm kn gmvlstgdnbgòm bglmtåigbn fl`lm pknmlnrsl bcm bugfnfc tnmtc nsplbtcs tçbmgbcs flk prcblsc, bcec lklelmtcs fl nfegmgstrnbgòm. Flmtrc flk prcblsc iumfnelmtnkls.  

fl

gmvlstgdnbgòm

surdlm

trls

ltnpns

Ltnpn fl bcmblpbgòm , pknmtlneglmtc y icreuknbgòm fl prcylbtc Ltnpn fl ljlbubgòm flk prcylbtc fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm.

Ltnpn fl kn lkn`crnbgòm flk gmicrel fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm c fl bceumgbnbgòm fl kcs rlsuktnfcs. Kns ltnpns c su`prcblscs sl flsprlmflm fl kn kòdgbn fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm y scm gmolrlmtls n kn gmvlstgdnbgòm egsen, pcr kc tnmtc scm mlblsnrgns, flmtrc fl kn lkn`crnbgòm fl um prcylbtc lxgstlm umcs pnrn eltrcs n sldugr  Lxprlsnr bcm igflkgfnf y prlbgsgòm lk pknm flk prcylbtc fl gmvlstgdnbgòm qul lxpcml, ls flbgr, fl`l bcmtlmlr kc qul sl lsplrn rlnkgznr. Rlr  bknrc y slmbgkkc1 lstnr rlfnbtnfc fl enmlrn qul su bcmtlmgfc sln Ruigbglmtlelmtl bknrc pnrn qul bunkquglr plrscmn rlknbgcmnfn bcm lk bnep bn epc c n gm gmvl vlst stgd gdnr nr.. Mc fl fl`l `l tlmlr tlmlr fgst fgstrnb rnbtc tcrl rls s qul fgig fgigbu bukt ktlm lm su ljlbu ljl bubg bgòm. òm. Fl Fl`l `l sl slrr fls flsbr brgt gtc c bc bcm m sl slmb mbgk gkklz klz y sc sckg kgflz flz lm kns kns gfl gflns ns lxpu lx puls lstn tns, s, Ecstr Ecstrnr nr um cr crflm flm kòdg kòdgbc bc,, fl ec ecfc fc qu qul l sl lmt lmtgl glmfn mfn kn rlknbgòm fl umn insl bcm ctrn, nså bcec kn rlknbgòm fl lstns bcm lk tlen fl gmvlstgdnbgòm 

Fligmgbgòm y flkgegtnbgòm fl um prcylbtc

 

Kn insl gmgbgnk lm tcfc prcylbtc bceprlmfl kn pknmlnbgòm flk prcylbtc, kc bunk plregtl tlmlr umn vgsgòm lm bcmjumtc fl tcfn kn gmvlstgdnbgòm. Kn fligmgbgòm fl kn sgtunbgòm prc`klen n`nrbn kn lxpkctnbgòm flk tlen fl gmtlrçs y bcmfubl nk fgslþc prcpgnelmtl fgboc y kn prlpnrnbgòm prlpnrnbgòm flk trn` trn`nj njc c fl bn bnep epc, c, Lk pknm pknmtl tlne negl glmt mtc c fl flkk prc` prc`kl klen en pu pulf lfl l gr fl kc dlmlrnk n kc pnrtgbuknr, lstc ls flsfl lk rlbcmcbgeglmtc fl kns tlcråns lxgstlmtls lm lk bnepc lkldgfc bcec tlel fl gmvlstgdnbgòm onbgn kn flkg fl kgeg egtn tnbg bgòm òm flk flk gm gmtl tlrç rçs s qu qul l bcmi bcmicr cren en lk ljl ljl bl blmt mtrn rnkk fl flkk prcb prcbls lsc c gmvlstgdntgvc, lk pknmtlneglmtc flk prc`klen fl`l `usbnr bcolrlmbgn, bknrgfnf y plrtlmlmbgn sgm gmbkugr jugbgcs ecrnkls c lstçtgbcs: fl`l slr  prlslmtnfc lm um klmdunjl bknrc usnmfc kn tlregmckcdån prcpgn fl kn fgsbgpkgmn c bglmbgn.

Kns vnrgn`kls \mn vl \mn vlz z qu qul l sl sln n gflmt gflmtgi gigb gbnfc nfc sl rlqug rlquglrl lrl ngsk ngsknr nr kcs kcs lkle lklelm lmtc tcs s c bnrnb bn rnbtl tlrå råst stgb gbns ns eîs eîs ge gepc pcrtn rtnmt mtls ls flk ilmòe ilmòelm lmc c qul onb onblm lm pn pnrtl rtl c pulflm gmtlrvlmgr lm lk, pcr kc bunk lk gmvlstgdnfcr `usbnrn flkgegtnr lk prc`klen n pnrtgr fl kn gflmtgigbnbgòm fl tnkls bnrnbtlråstgbns. Xcr vnr vnrgn`k gn`kls ls sl lmt lmtglm glmfl fl bunk quglrl bnr bnrnbt nbtlrå lråstg stgbn bn c bun bunkgf kgfnf nf flk ilmòelmc fl lstufgc susblptg`kl fl nsuegr fgilrlmtls vnkcrls, lxgstlm fgilrlmtls tgpcs fl vnrgn`kls bcec: 

Ynrgn` Ynrgn`kls kls bcmtgmuns: Bunmfc lmtrl umc y kn ctrc vnkcrclxgstlm pcsg`gkgfnfls gmtlrelfgns. Xcr ljlepkc, nkturn lk plscgmigmgtns fl um c`jltc

Ynrgn`kls flplm Ynrgn`kls flplmfglmtl fglmtl : bcrrlsp bcrrlspcmfl cmfl nk ntrg`utc ntrg`utc qu qul l rldgst rldgstrn rn c egfl lk gmvlstgdnfcr, nqulkkn qul sl prltlmfl lxpkgbnr flsfl umn ogpòtlsgs  Yn Ynrg rgn` n`kl kls s fgs fgsbr brlt ltn: n: Bunm Bunmfc fc fgbo fgbons ns pcs pcsgb gbgc gcmls mls gmtl gmtlre relfg lfgns ns bnrlblm fl Rlmtgfc puls kn vnrgn`kl mc npnrlbl lm icren pnukntgmn sgmc qul sl ecfgigbn lmtrl um vnkcr y ctrc. Xcr ljlepkc, lk múelrc fl ogjcs, kcs pnåsls qul gmtlrvglmlm lm um trntnfc gmtlrmnbgcmnk 

 

 Nkdumns vnrgn`kls lxtrnþns scm: 

Gmtlrvgmglmtls, qu qul l nb nbtú túnm nm bc bcec ec pu pulm lmtl tl lmt lmtrl kn vnrgn nrgn`k `kl l  

flplmfglmtl y kn Gmflplmfglmtl. Dlmlrnkelmtl bcrrlspcmfl n um bcmstrubtc y pcr lkkc sl Egfl n trnvçs fl sus gmfgbnfcrls. Lm umn um n gm gmvl vlst stgd gdnb nbgò gòm m qu qul l lv lvnk nkuç uç bu bunk nk ls Lk lilb lilbtc tc flk flk tg tgpc pc fl nutc nu tcrg rgfn fnf f ljlr ljlrbg bgfn fn pc pcrr um jl jlil il sc sc`r `rl l lk fl flsl slep eplþ lþc c fl Ru Rus s lepklnfcs 

Crdîmgbns u crdnmgsegbns rlilrgfns nk lstnfc iåsgbc flk sujltc ,

pnrtgbgpnmtl qul pulfl nilbtnr n kn gmvlstgdnbgòm, pcr ljlepkc lstnr rlsirgnfc, on`lr fcregfc pcbc 

Ne`glmtnkls bc bcmfg mfgbg bgcm cmls ls fl flkk bc bcmt mtlx lxtc tc c lk lmt lmtcr crmc mc fcm fcmfl fl ,

cburrl kn Plbcklb cklbb bgòm fl kn gmicre renb nbggòm c kn sgtunbg nbgòm lxplrgelmtnk qul pulflm gmbgfgr sc`rl kns elfgbgcmls fl kns vnrgn`kls 

Ecflrnfcrns

bcec vnrgn rgn`kls lx lxttrnþns slbumf mfnr nrggns c nscb ns cbgn gnfn fns s n kn Yn Ynrg rgn` n`kl kl gmfl gmflpl plmf mfgl glmt mtl. l. Lk gmvl gmvlst stgd gdnf nfcr cr kn gflmtgigbn y flbgfl sg usnrkn c mc lm lk prcblsc. ,

Kns ogpòtlsgs \mn ls um lmumbgnfc num mc vlrgigbnfc, qul prlsuel lk bcepcrtneglmtc fl umn c eîs vnrgn`kl. Kns ogpòtlsgs pulflm c mc slr  bcmigrenfns pcr kcs olbocs c pcr kcs fntcs rlbcdgfcs, plrc lm tcfc bnsc sgrvlm bcec pumtc fl pnrtgfn pnrn lstn`klblr kns tnrlns fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm `îsgbnelmtl ls lk c`jltgvc fl tcfc lstufgc flmtrc fl kn ogpòtlsgs. Kn ogpòtlsgs vnrånm sldúm lk tgpc fl gmvlstgdnbgòm, scm bknsgigbnfns fl fgilrlmtls icrens lmtrl lkkns sl lmbulmtrnm:  

Ogpòtlsgs dlmlrnk Ogpòtlsgs lsplbgigbn

 

Kn ogpòtlsgs ls umn tnrln flk plmsneglmtc yn qul kn iumbgòm prgmbgpnk ls sudlrgr mulvns c`slrvnbgcmls mulvcs lxplrgelmtcs y ectgvnr n kn `úsqulfn.

Iulmtls fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm

Bcmstgtuylm tcfcs kcs lklelmtcs bnpnbls fl suegmgstrnr gmicrenbgòm pnrn slr utgkgznfn lm umn gmvlstgdnbgòm, tnmtc pnrn kn bcmstrubbgòm flk enrbc tlòrgbc y kn rlvgsgòm fl tcfcs kcs nsplbtcs bcmblptunkls qul slnm fl gepcrtnmbgn pnrn lk prcblsc , nså bcec pnrn lk n`crfnjl fl kcs sujltcs pnrtgbgpnmtls lm lk ilmòelmc egsec qul sl quglrl lstufgnr , umn iulmtl fl gmvlstgdnbgòm ls umn plrscmn . Lxgstlm bgmbc tgpcs fl iulmtls fl gmicrenbgòm:   

Iulmtls prgenrgns Iulmtls slbumfnrgns c gmicrenbgòm Iulmtls tlrbgnrgns

BNXGV\KC FCR: PLBCKLBBGCM FL KN GMICPENBGCM

Vçbmgbns l gmstruelmtcs fl rlbcklbbgòm \mn vlz qul sl on slklbbgcmnfc lk lmicqul, tgpc y fgslþc fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm lk gmvlstgdnfcr prcblfl n slklbbgcmnr n kcs pnrtgbgpnmtls , nbtgvgfnf fl eulstrlc , njustîmfcsl n prc`klens , kcs c`jltgvcs y sgstlens fl ogpòtlsgs yn lkn`crnfcs .

 

Kns tçbmgbns fl gmvlstgdnbgòm eîs bcmcbgfns scm:    

Kn c`slrvnbgòm Kn lmbulstn Kn lmtrlvgstn Lk lxplrgelmtc

Plbcklbbgòm Plbckl bbgòm fl fntcs bunkgtntgvcs bunkgtntgvcs: fl`l rlnkgznrsl sgduglmfc um pntròm fltlregmnfc lm lk fgslþc, pnrn gr fl kns c`slrvnbgcmls eîs suplrigbgnkls onbgn kn bceprlmsgòm flk ecfc lm qul kcs gmfgvgfucs gmtlrprltnm su rlnkgfnf c`jltgvn, pnsnmfc fl kc c`vgc n mgvlkls eîs bcepkljcs fl kn sgtunbgòm qul sl lxnegmn

Plbc Pl bckl klbb bbgò gòm m fl fntc fntcss bunm bunmtg tgtnt tntgv gvcs cs: ls lk rldgstrc fl fntcs c` c`sl slrvn rvn`k `kls ls rlpr rlprls lslmt lmtnm nmtglml vlrfn vlrfnflr nelmt lmtl l bnpturn kcs kcs bc bcmb mblp tcs s c vnrgn`kls qulqul lk gmvlstgdnfcr lmflrne elmtl .sl knlptc rlnkgfnf egfglmfc, bunmtgigbnmfc, npcrtnmfc nså lvgflmbgn lepårgbn sc`rl kns vnrgn`kls fl gmtlrçs.

ELVCFCR C@RLPYNBGCMNKLR Xnrn bcmsgflrnr n kn c`slrvnbgòm bcec bglmtåigbn sl kl lxgdl qul sln sgstleîtgbn, onblrsl fl icren qul plregtn umn nflbunfn rlbcklbbgòm fl fntcs, qul pulfnm tne`gçm slr c`slrvnfcs pcr ctrc gmvlstgdnfcr, ls flbgr, qul sln bcmign`kl. Kn sgstlentgbgfnf ls umn bnrnbtlråstgbn iumfnelmtnk fl kn c`slrvnbgòm bglmtåigbn, numqul mc ls suigbglmtl lk gmvlstgdnfcr tglml qul flbgfgr qul bcec y bunmfc rlnkgzn kns c`slrvnbgcmls, fl nbulrfc bcm lk prc`klen pknmtlnfc. Kn c`s c`slr lrvn vnbg bgòm òm bc bcmi migd gdurn urn umn fl kns kns tçbm tçbmgb gbns ns eîs eîs on` on`gt gtun unke kelmt lmtl l usnfns lm kn gmvlst gmvlstgdnbg gdnbgòm òm plrc, nk gdunk qul ctrns lstrntldgns lepkln gm gms stru ruel elmt mtcs cs pr prcp cpggcs pnrn pnrn rl rldg dgs strc rcs s fl kcs fnt fntcs cs11 lm ls lstu tufg fgcs cs bunk bu nkgt gtnt ntgv gvcs cs sl us usnr nrnm nm kcs kcs fgnrg fgnrgcs cs fl bn bnep epc, c, lm tnmt tnmtc c qu qul l lm kcs kcs bunmtgtntgvcs sl trn`njnrn bcm kgstns fl bolqulcs.

 

Fl ecf ecfc c qul lxg lxgstl stlm m fgi fgilrl lrlmtls mtls icrens fl pknm pknmlnr lnr kn c`s c`slrvn lrvnbgò bgòm m sldúm lk drnfc lm lk qul lk c`slrvnfcr gmtlrvglml lm kn sgtunbgòm:  

Lstrubturnfns : bunmfc sl tglml bcmtrck sc`rl kn sgtunbgòm Lxplrgelmtc fl bnepc, bcm um mgvlk fl lstrubturnbgòm enycr, c`slrvnbgòm pnrtgbgpnmtl. qul lelrdl flk gmtlrçs fl tlmlr um enycr bcmtnbtc bcm lk ilmòelmc c`slrvnfc

KN GMICPENBGCM B\NMVGVNVGYN Ls umn tçbmgbn fl rlbcklbbgòm fl kn gmicrenbgòm lm fcmfl kns vnrgn`kls n c`slrvnr onm sgfc fligmgfns nmtls fl gmgbgnr kn rlbcklbbgòm y sl lmicbnm lm gmicrenbgcmls qul pulflm slr lvnkunfns pcr kcs slmtgfcs

ELVCFCR FL KN LMVPLYGRVN Kn lm lmtr trlv lvgs gstn tn ls um umn n tç tçbm bmgb gbn n utgk utgkgz gznf nfn n bc bcec ec ls lstr trnt ntld ldgn gn pn pnrn rn kn rlbcklbbgòm fl kn gmicrenbgòm. Rlr fligml bcec kn rlumgòm bcmblrtnfn lmtrl fcs c eîs plrscmns qul cburrl nk lstn`klblr um fgnkcdc, n trnv trnvçs çs flk flk bu bunk nk sl gf gflm lmtg tgig igbn bn y rl rlbc bcmc mcbl bl fl kn cp cpgm gmgò gòm, m, bcst bcstur urn n c bcmcbgeglmtc sc`rl um bglrtc ilmòelmc. Kn lmtrlvgstn y kn lmbulstn lstn`klblm rldkns qul plregtlm nbblflr fl icren bglmtåigbn n kc qul kns plrscmns cpgmnm y sudglrlm qul sln umn plrscmn bcm bglrtn lxplrglmbgn qul ondn kns vlbls fl lmtrlvgstnfcr: Vgpcs fl lmtrlvgstn:   

Lmtrlvgstn n`glrtn c blrrnfn Lmtrlvgstn lstrubturnfn Lmtrlvgstn sleglstrubturnfn

YNKGFLR W BCMIGN@GKGFNF FL KCR GMRVP\ELMVCR FL PLBCKLBBGCM

 

Furnmt Furn mtl l lk pr prcb cbls lsc c fl rl rlb bcklb cklbbg bgòm òm fl kn gmic gmicre renb nbgò gòm m, sl on onb bl mlblsnrgn kn lkn`crnbgòm fl fgstgmtcs gmstruelmtcs qul bcrrlspcmflm n kc kcs s eç eçtc tcfc fcs s fl c` c`sl slrv rvnb nbgò gòm, m, kn lm lmtr trlv lvgs gstn tn,, kn lm lmbu buls lstn tn c kcs kcs prcblscs fl lxplrgelmtnbgòm, pcr kc qul fl umn u ctrn enmlrn sl lstî onbglmfc elfgbgòm flk ilmòelmc. Kn igflkgfnf lm lk rldgstrc fl kn gmicrenbgòm bcmstgtuyl umn dnrnmtån fl tlmlr umn gmicrenbgòm prlbgsn n pnrtg nrtgrr fl kn bun unkk sl fl flrg rgvn vnm m kcs nm nmîk îkggsgs sgs pl plrt rtgm gmlm lmttls lm um umn n gmvlstgdnbg gmvls tgdnbgòm. òm. Ls mlblsn mlblsnrgc rgc qul fgbocs gmstruelm gmstruelmtcs tcs pcslnm eåmgecs brgtlrgcs fl vnkgfls y bcmign`gkgfnf, ls flbgr qul pulfn nigrenrsl bcm blrtlzn qul lstcs gmstruelmtcs scm cpcrtumcs, nprcpgnfcs, útgkls y li ligb gbnb nbls ls pnrn kcs kcs pr prcpò cpòsg sgtc tcs s fl kn rlbc rlbckl klbb bbgò gòm m fl kcs fntc fntcs s flk ilmòelmc fl lstufgc.

Bcmign`gkgfnf Ls lk us usc c bc bctg tgfg fgnm nmc c fl flkk tç tçre regm gmc, c, kn bc bcmi mign gn`g `gkg kgfn fnf f ls sgmò sgmòmg mgec ec fl sldurgfnf c bcmsgstlmbgn. Rl fgbl qul nkdc ls bcmign`kl sg sl sn`l qul bcmmctnbgòm pcsgtgvn c fl `cmfnf n nqulkkc qul sl bcmsgflrn bcm ign`kl.

Ynkgflz Kn fligmgbgòm eîs bceúm sc`rl lk bcmblptc fl vnkgfls slþnkn lk drnfc lm lk qul lk gmstruelmtc egfl kn vnrgn`kl qul prltlmfl elfgr. Ls flbgr, nk gm gmtl tlrp rprl rltn tnrr kc kcs s rl rlsu sukt ktnf nfcs cs fl gmst gmstru ruel elmt mtc, c, lm rlnk rlnkgf gfnf nf pu pulf lfl l nigrenrsl qul lstcs scm umn prul`n fl kns bcmfgbgcmls flk gmfgvgfuc c flk ilmòelmc lvnkunfc1 lxgstlm vnrgcs tgpcs fl vnkgfls kc bunkls scm: vnkgfls inbgl c npnrlmtl: sl rliglrl n bglrtn flecstrnbgòm lepårgbn fl qul umn prul`n egfl kc qul fgbl elfgr. Rl fn n pnrtgr flk olboc fl qul qu l um gm gmst stru ruel elmt mtc c ‛pn ‛pnrlb rlbl― l― elfg elfgrr kns kns vn vnrgn rgn`k `kls ls lkldg lkldgfns fns pn pnrn rn um lstufgc.

Ynkg Yn kgfl flss fl bcms bcmstr trub ubtc tc: ls prc` rc`n`kl `klelm lmttl lk pnrîeltrc ltrc eîs gepcrtnmtl qul fl`l buepkgr um gmstruelmtc yn qul lstn sl rliglrl nk

 

olboc flk qul lk gmstruelmtc egfn um bcmblptc tlòrgbc ls flbgr, sl `usbnrn qul lxgstn bknrgfnf fl kc qul sl egfl, fl ecfc qul kns prldumtns lstçm fgrlbtnelmtl rlknbgcmnfns bcm lk nsumtc n elfgr.

Ynkg Yn kgfl flss fl brgt brgtlrg lrgc c: lstn` stn`kl klb bl kn vnkgf nkgfls ls fl um gmst gmstru rue elm lmtc tc n bcepnrnrkn bcm nkdúm brgtlrgc lxtlrmc qul prltlmfl elfgr kc egsec. Bunmtc eîs sl rlknbgcmlm kcs rlsuktnfcs flk gmstruelmtc bcm lk brgtlrgc kn vnkgfls slrî enycr. Lsplbåigbnelmtl flmtrc flk ecflkc bunmtgtntgvc sl pknmtlnm nkdumns fl kns prcpglfn prcpglfnfls fls qul sl fl`l fl`lm m lxgdg lxgdgrr n kcs lx lxplrg plrgelmt elmtcs cs y ctrn icren fl gmvlstgdnbgòm, kc qul gepkgbn lk rgdcr flk prcblsc gmvlstgdntgvc, tnkls prcpglfnfls scm: ign`gkgfnf nmtls lmumbgnfn bcec bcmign`gkgfnf sl fn nk rlnkgznr kns bcmfgbgcmls lm kns qul sl on flsnrrckknfc lk lxplrge lxp lrgelmtc lmtc,, bce bceprc` prc`nmfc nmfc qul slnm slnm sldu sldugfc gfc umc umcs s prc prcblfg blfgegl eglmtc mtcs s lstîmfnr lm kns elfgbgcmls. Rlmsg`gkgfnf kcs npnrntcs, rldgstrc, umgfnfls fl elfgfns fl kn vnrgn`kl gmflplmfglmtl, gmflplmf glmtl, tglml qul s slr lr kc suigb suigbglmtle glmtlelmtl lmtl slms slmsg`kl g`kl bcec pn pnrn rn fltlbtnr kcs kcs bne`gcs lm kn bcmfubtn.

Ynkgflz Ynkgf lz gmtlrmn: gmtlrmn:  bcms bcmsgfl gflrnmf rnmfc c qul kns lxg lxgdlmb dlmbgns gns lxp lxplrge lrgelmt lmtnkls nkls gmbkuylm lk bcmtrck gmbkuylm bcmtrck fl kkns ns vnrgn` vnrgn`kls, kls, kn ggflmtgi flmtgigbnbg gbnbgòm òm y kns pcsg`k pcsg`kls ls vnrgn`kls lxtrnþns y lk bcmtrck fl kns iulmtls fl lrrcr 

Ynkgfl Ynk gflzz lxtlrmn lxtlrmn: bc bcms msgs gsttl lm lk pcfl pcflrr fl dl dlml mlrn rnkkgznb gznbgò gòm m fl kcs rlsuktnfcs c`tlmgfcs lm um lxplrgelmtc

LKLBBGCM FL KCR XNPVGBGXNMVLR Xnrn fligmgr kcs brgtlrgcs fl slklbbgc7m fl kcs gmfgvgfucs, lklelmtcs c drupcs qul vnm bcmicrenr kn eulstrn, ls gmfgsplmsn`kl kcdrnr umn bnrnbt bnr nbtlrg lrgznb znbgòm gòm gmgbgn gmgbgnkk fl kn pc`k pc`knbg nbgòm òm lm tçr tçregm egmcs cs iå iåsgb sgbcs, cs, scbgc scbgc ‒ flecd fl ecdrîi rîigb gbcs cs y bu bukt kturn urnkl kls, s, c bu bunk nkqug quglr lr ctrc ctrc rns rnsdc dc qu qul l pu pulfn lfn sl slr  r  gepc ge pcrt rtnm nmtl tl pn pnrn rn lk ls lstu tufg fgc. c. Rl on onbl blm m nq nquå uå fc fcs s fgst fgstgm gmbg bgcm cmls ls:: kn pc`knbgòm y kn eulstrn.

 

 Nk on`knr fl kn slklbbgòm fl kn eulstrn sl gmtrcfubl gmtrc fubl tne`gçm kn gfln fl rlprlslmtntgvgfnf, yn qul kn eulstrn bcrrlspcmfl n um su`bcmjumtc fl kn pc`knbgòm qul pcsll kns egsens bnrnbtlråstgbns dlmlrnkls fl lstn . kn rlprlslmtntgvgfnf lstnfåstgbn fl umn eulstrn ls gepcrtnmtl lm kcs lstufgcs bunmtgtntgvcs pcr bunmtc sl quglrl dlmlrnkgznr kcs fntcs n kn pc`knbgòm , eglmtrns qul kcs bunkgtntgvcs `usbnm ens umn rlprlslmtntgvgfnf rlknbgcmnfn bcm kn suigbglmbgn fl kns c`slrvnbgcmls

ELVCFCR FL E\LRVPLC XPC@N@GKGRVGBC Kcs eçtcfcs fl eulstrlc prc`n`gkåstgbc scm nqulkkcs qul sl `nsnm lm lk prgmbg prgmbgpgc pgc fl prc`n`gk prc`n`gkgfn gfnf f lqug lqugtnt tntgvn gvn,, lm fcmf fcmfl l bun bunkqu kquglrn glrn fl kcs egle`rcs fl umn pc`knbgòm pulfl slr flsgdmnfcs bcec pnrtl fl eulstrn lmtrl lstcs sl lmbulmtrnm:

E\LRVPLC E\LR VPLC NKLVCPGC NKLVCPGC RGEXKL RGEXKL: Ls um prc prcbl blfge fgegl glmt mtc c sl slmb mbgk gkkc kc y prîbtgbc, prîbtgb c, qul bceglmz bceglmzn n bcm kn nsgd nsgdmnb mnbgòm gòm fl um bòfgd bòfgdc c c mue muelrc lrc n bnfn gmfgvgfuc fl kn pc`knbgòm y kuldc pcr elfgc fl bunkquglr sgstlen entleîtgbc.

E\LRVPLC NKLNVCPGC RGRVLEÎVGBC: pnrn lstl prcblfgeglmtc sl lmuelrnm tne`gçm tcfcs kcs lklelmtcs f kn pc`knbgòm, pc`knbgòm, plrc sl lxtrnl sckc sc kc um umc c fl lkkc lkkcs s y sl pnrt pnrtl l fl ls lstl tl tcen tcenmf mfc c n kcs kcs sgdu sgdugl glmt mtls ls gmtlrvnkcs gdunkls. Euls Eu lstr trlc lc nk nklnt lntcr crgc gc ls lstr trntg ntgig igbn bnfc fc:: gmtl gmtlmt mtnmf nmfc c lv lvgt gtnr nr nkdum nkdumns ns fl kns kns pcsg`kls fgigbuktnfls, sl pknmtln tlmlr lm bulmtn kns bntldcråns eîs tåpgbns fl kn pc`knbgòm c lxtrnbtcs qul pcslnm ocecdlmlgfnf rlspltc nkdumns bnrnbtlråstgbns. Eulstrlc Eulstrl c bcmdkce bcmdkcelrnf lrnfc: c: lst lstl l prcb prcblfg lfgeglm eglmtc tc rlquglr rlquglrl l um euls eulstrlc trlc gmgbgnk bcm `nsl lm umn umgfnf enycr qul lk lklelmtc fl kn pc`knbgòm, lstc ls um drupc fl lklelmtcs lklelmtcs fl kn pc`knbg pc`knbgòm òm qul icren umn umgfnf, bcmc bc mcbg bgfn fn bcec bcec bc bcmd mdkc kcel elrn rnfc fc11 kns kns um umgv gvlr lrsg sgfn fnfl fls s gmst gmstgt gtub ubgc gcml mls s plmgt pl mgtlmb lmbgn gnrgn rgns s prc prcyl ylbt btcs cs fl bc bcms mstr trub ubbg bgòm òm fl bglr bglrtn tn ls lstr trub ubtu turn, rn, lk lepnqul fl um fltlregmnfc prcfubtc.

Eçtcfc fl eulstrlc mc prc`nkgstgbc

 

Lm dlml dlmlrnk rnk sl sl slkl klbb bbgcm gcmnm nm n kcs kcs su sujl jltc tcs s sgdug sgduglmf lmfc c fl fltl tlre regmn gmnfcs fcs brgtlrgcs prcburnmfc qul kn eulstrn sln rlprlslmtntgvn y mc nklntcrgn.

Eulstrl Eul strlc c gmtlmbg gmtlmbgcmn cmnkk c pcsgtg pcsgtgvc vc: sl bn bnrnb rnbtl tlrgz rgzn n pc pcrr um ls lsiu iulrz lrzc c flkg`lr flkg `lrnf nfc c fl c`tl c`tlmlr mlr kn eul eulst strn rn elfgn elfgnmt mtl l kn gmb gmbku kusg sgòm òm fl drupc drupcs s supulstnelmtl tåpgbcs

Euls Eu lstr trnn fl buct buctns ns:: \mn vlz qul sl on fligmgfc qul kn eulstrn fl`lrån fl`lr ån ls lstn tnrr bc bcmi micre crenfn nfn pc pcrr um mú múel elrc rc fl su sujl jltc tcs s bc bcm m bglr bglrtn tns s bnrnbtlråstgbns

@ckn fl mglvl Lm lstl tgpc fl eulstrlc sl usn um bcmtnbtc gmgbgnk .

pnrn Gflmtgigbnr n pnrtgr fl lstl n ctrcs pcsg`kls pnrtgbgpnmtls, onstn bcmsld bcm sldugr ugr Elt Eltcfck cfckcdå cdån n fl kn Gmv Gmvlst lstgdn gdnbgò bgòm m umn euls eulstrn trn suigbg suigbglmt lmtl. l. Lstl Ls tl tgpc tgpc sl le lepk pkln ln bc bcm m irlb irlbul ulmb mbgn gn lm ls lstu tufg fgcs cs bc bcm m Xc Xc`kn `knbg bgcml cmls s enrdgmnkls.  Flmtrc flk eçtcfc fl eulstrlc Vne`gçm lmbcmtrnecs slklbbgòm fl eulstrns pulflm slr    

Eulstrlc sgepkl Eulstrlc fc`kl Eulstrlc eúktgpkl

BNXGV\KC VPLR: VPNVNEGLMVCR FL KN GMICPENBGCM

Rcitwnrl pnrn lk prcblsneglmtc fl gmicrenbgòm Lm kn enycrån fl kns gmvlstgdnbgcmls bunmtgtntgvns sl usnm pnqultls fl

 

Xrcdrnens lstnfåstgbcs kcs bunkls scm irlbulmtlelmtl nbtunkgznfcs, bcm kcs qul lk trntneglmtc fl kn gmicrenbgòm sl onbl ens iîbgk, sc`rl tcfc bunmfc sl trntn fl um muelrc nepkgc fl fntcs  

Nmîk Nm îkgs gsgs gs fl flsbr sbrgp gptg tgvc vc l gmilr gmilrlm lmbg bgnn, n trnvçs fl elfgns, irlbulmbgns, rnmdcs, flsvgnbgòm lstîmfnr, vnrgnmzn, fgstrg`ubgòm

 

 

fl kn eulstrn, mgvlkls fl

Nmîkgsgs pnrneçtrgbcs : npkgbnfn n vnrgn`kls fl gmtlrvnkc c fl  

rn rnzò zòm m lm pc pc`k `knb nbgc gcml mls s qu qul l tglm tglmlm lm um umn n fgst fgstrg rg`u `ubg bgòm òm mc mcre renk nk11 gmbkuylm bcligbglmtls fl bcrrlknbgcm fl Xlsnrcm, rldrlsgòm kgmlnk Nmîk mîkgsgs gsgs mc pnrn pnrne eçtrg çtrgbc bcss, bunmfc mc sl rlquglrlm bcepnrnbgcmls sc`rl kn fgstrg`ubgòm fl kn pc`knbgòm.

Lkn`crnbgòm flk gmicrel igmnk fl rlsuktnfcs Kn lstrubturn flk gmicrel fl gmvlstgdnbgòm ls slmbgkkn y sgdul iglkelmtl kcs pnscs iumfnelmtnkls flk fgslþc fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm1 lm mgmdúm ecelmtc fl`l slr bcmtrnrgn nk fgslþc, yn qul lk gmicrel fl`l slr kn rlspulstn n kcs pknmtlneglmtcs prlslmtnfcs lm lk prctcbckc gmgbgnk fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm. Xnrn kn prlslmtnbgòm flk gmicrel fl`l sldugrsl kns mcre mc rens ns fl kn el eltc tcfc fckc kcdå dån n ic icre renk nk fl prls prlslm lmtn tnbg bgòm òm fl tr trn` n`nj njcs cs bgmçtgbcs, kcs bunkls sl onm bcmsgflrnfc lm fgvlrsns c`rns pcr kcs trntnfgstns fl kn eltcfckcdån icrenk

Nsplbtcs prlkgegmnrls Kn pcrtnfn ls kn bnrn flk gmicr micre el fl gmvlstgdnb nbggòm l gmbkuyl usunkelmtl Gmicrenbgcmls sc`rl quglm c quglmls rlnkgznrcm kn gmvlstgdnbgòm y fl su nslscr, sg Ls mlblsnrgc1 lk mce`rl fl kn gmstgtubgòm, inbuktnf y flpnrtnelmtc nk qul Xlrtlmlblm c kn qul nvnkn lk lstufgc1 y, pcr  supulstc, lk tgtukc flk gmicrel c flk lstufgc. Fl`l gmbkugrsl um kgstnfc fl kn kns s pnr pnrtl tls s ls lstr trub ubtu turn rnkls kls flk gmic gmicre rel l fl gmvl gmvlst stgd gdnb nbgò gòm, m, tn`k tn`kn n fl bcmtlmgfc c åmfgbl, bckcbnfc flspuçs fl kn pcrtnfn y nmtls fl kn gmtrcfubbgòm. Rlþnknmfc lk crflm fl kcs bnpåtukcs c pnrtls flk trn`njc y su u`gbnbgòm lm kn pîdgmn bcrrlspcmfglmtl. Xulfl ndrldnrsl tne`gçm umn um n kg kgst stn n fl kns tn`k tn`kns ns,, drî drîig igbc bcs s y nm nmlx lxcs cs qul sl ec ecst strnr rnrnm nm lm lk gmicre gmi crel. l. Rl rlf rlfnb nbtn tnrn rn tne` tne`gçm gçm um rl rlsu suelm elm fl flkk gmic gmicre rel. l. Lm çk sl

 

prls rlslmtn fl enm nml lrn n` n`rrlvgnfn lk bcmt mtlm lmggfc flk gmicrel fl gmvlstgdnbgòm, pknmtlnmfc kns gflns blmtrnkls y lk plrigk flk lsbrgtc. Ru lxtlmsgòm vnrgn sldúm kns mcrens qul sl utgkgblm c kcs Plqulrgeglmtcs fl kn gmstgtubgòm rlblptcrn. Rl fl`l gmbkugr um kgstnfc `rlvl fl kns pnkn`rns bknvl flk trn`njc

BCMBK\RGCM

Bcm lstl trn`njc trn`njc pcflecs bcmbkugr bcmbkugr qul flmtrc fl kn lfubnbgòm lfubnbgòm kn gmvlstgdnbgò gmvlstgdnbgòm my kn lkn`crnbgòm fl um prcylbtc juldn um pnplk gepcrtnmtl, pcrqul n trnvçs fl kn gmfn gmfndn dnbg bgòm òm fl um pr prcy cylb lbtc tc lxpk lxpkcr crne necs cs y bcmc bcmcbl blec ecs s eîs eîs n icmf icmfc c tcfc tcfc kc rlknbgcmnfc bcm kn eltcfckcdån fl kn gmvlstgdnbgòm