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WE@XG[S@INI F@K[G IG CASYN [@CN Igrgcmas Mulneas Ygarìn y Rrîct`cn

FGP :822 - @JWNFINI IG ARA[YWE@INIGS RN[N FNS RG[SAENS CAE I@SCNRNC@INI.

Rrahgsarn4  F`cgec`nin Nen F`i`gttg Rgþn Jut`àrrgz

Nutarns4

Ogeiry Xnfget`en X`ffgjns D`lgegz

Sgig Junencnstg

@ CWNY[@LGSY[G, ;2>0

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Caetge`ia @etraiucc`óe ....................... ................................................. ................................................... ............................................... ...................... 3 FGP :822 - @JWNFINI IG ARA[YWE@INIGS RN[N FNS RG[SAENS CAE I@SCNRNC@INI. ................................................ ......................................................................... ........................................... .................. 9 Fn i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn ..................................................... ............................................................. ......... 9 Rakfnc`óe cae i`scnpnc`ini ....................... ................................................ ........................................... .................. 9 Surj`l`geta ig fn fgy4 ................................................... ......................................................................... ...................... 7 Akdgt`vas ig fn fgy4. ....................................................... ................................................................................. .......................... 8 Rnpgf igf Gstnia cae rgspgcta n fn Fgy :822  ....................................... ....................................... = Nctargs pafìt`cas qug sg apaege nf culpf`l`geta ig fn Fgy :822  .. 0 S`tunc`óe nctunf ig fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn........................ .................................................. .................................................... .................................................... .................................... .......... >2 Caecfus`óe ................................................... ............................................................................ ............................................. .................... >; K`kf`ajrnhìn ......................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................................. .................... >3

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@etraiucc`óe Cae gf prapós`ta ig kr`einr `eharlnc`óe y calprgeigr fn s`tunc`óe ig fns pgrsaens cae nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini qug mnk`tne ge gf pnìs, sg prgtgeig pr gtgeig inr caeacgr cuîfgs sae fns vgetndns qug praparc`aen fn Fgy :822 fn cunf ahrgcg ue trnta `junf`tnr`a pnrn qu`gegs prgsgetne nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini yn sgn hìs`cn a caje`t`vn. Gs par fa qug lgi`netg ue neîf`s`s a kôsqugin ig iaculgetnc`óe k`kf`ajrîh`cn k`kf`a jrîh`cn qug sg prgtgeig ahrgcgr caeac`l`geta ig gstn Fgy. S` k`ge gs c`grta qug sg crgne pafìt`cns sac`nfgs qug kgegh`c`ge n fn pakfnc`óe lîs vufegrnkfg igf pnìs, pgra fn lnyarìn ea pgrcntn par quà sg `lpfglgetó? gstn i`cmn pakfnc`óe gs iglneinetg ig sus igrgcmas cala c`uinineas/ns,

yn qug qug ge

nctunflgetg sg gst`ln qug fn pakfnc`óe i`scnpnc`tnin rgprgsgetn ue 7,3% ig fn pakfnc`óe tatnf igf pnìs, sgjôe fas intas igf Cgesa ig Rakfnc`óe igf nþa ;222 gx`stge ;23.:3> pgrsaens i`scnpnc`tnins, ig fns cunfgs, >>0.;3: sae malkrgs y 0=,982 sae ludgrgs. Ynlk`àe gs `lpartnetg caeacgr lîs lî s ig cgrcn cunfgs sae gstn pafìt`cns y fgygs qug sg paege nf sgrv`c`a ig fas y fns castnrr`cgesgs cae gf h`e ig rgsjunrinr su `etgjr`ini hìs`cn y glac`aenf. Ge gf prgsgetg trnknda, fa qug sg kuscn gs inr n caeacgr ig cgrcn fas akdgt`vas, cuîfgs sae fns akf`jnc`aegs igf Gstnia castnrr`cgesg pnrn cae fn pakfnc`óe cae nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini hìs`cn, par tnf rnzóe sg nknrcnrne ge gf prgsgetg iaculgeta hnctargs `lpartnetgs ig fn Fgy :822 cala, par gdglpfa, hgcmn ig su surj`l`geta, akdgt`vas, pnpgf igf Gstnia u akf`jnc`aegs niqu`r`ins pnrn cae fn l`sln, s`tunc`óe ig fn pakfnc`óe cae i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn.

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FGP :822 - @JWNFINI IG ARA[YWE@INIGS RN[N FNS RG[SAENS CAE I@SCNRNC@INI. Fn i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn

Rnrn caeacgr ig lnegrn lîs cfnrn fn s`tunc`óe ig fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg cae nfjôe jrnia ig i`scnpnc`ini, gs `lpartnetg mncgr uen kôsqugin ig lnegrn caesc`getg ig fas intas qug sg qu`grge paegr ge gv`igec`n, y s` sg trntn ig caeacgr cuîf gs fn rgnf`ini sac`nf qug v`vg c`grta sgctar ig fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg sg igkg ig talnr ge cugetn fns gstniìst`cns qug nfjueas gstui`as pugige kr`einr ncgrcn ig gstg tgln ge pnrt`cufnr. Sgjôe intas npartnias par Arjne`znc`óe Rnenlgr`cnen ig fn Snfui (;229). Fn cunf i`cg qug, s` k`ge fn i`scnpnc`ini sg rghfgdn cae c`grtn hrgcugec`n ge fns Gecugstns ig Majnrgs y Rrapós`tas Lôft`pfgs qug neunflgetg rgnf`zn gf L`e`stgr`a ig Gcaealìn, fn `ecfus`óe par pr`lgrn vgz ig ue lóiufa gspgcìh`ca sakrg fn i`scnpnc`ini ge gf Cgesa igf nþa ;222, gs ue mgcma s`e prgcgigetgs y n fn vgz sg caest`tuyg ge ue lgi`a c`getìh`ca `ióega pnrn fn akdgt`vn igh`e`c`óe y gvnfunc`óe igf `lpncta ig fns pafìt`cns pôkf`cns ar`getnins n fn pralac`óe ig su `junfini ig apartue`inigs (p. =) Rar fa gxpugsta netgr`arlgetg, pnrn caeacgr fn rgnf`ini qug v`vge lucmas/ns castnrr`cgesgs cae nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini qug fgs cafacn ge uen pas`c`óe sac`nf ig vufegrnk`f`ini, gs `lpartnetg qug sg rgnf`cge gstui`as qug paejne ge gv`igec`n gstns rgnf`inigs cae gf h`e ig crgnr pafìt`cns sac`nfgs qug fgs kgegh`c`ge pnrn qug pugin tgegr ue trnta `junf`tnr`a.

Rakfnc`óe cae i`scnpnc`ini

Surjg getaecgs gf cugst`aenl`geta sakrg fas intas gstniìst`cas ig fn pakfnc`óe qug pnigcg nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini ge gf pnìs, gstg inta sgjôe fn Arjne`znc`óe Rnenlgr`cnen ig fn Snfui (;229). Sg pugig aktgegr lgi`netg fas 9

 

cgesas qug sg rgnf`zne n fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg cala sg nprgc`n n caet`eunc`óe. Fas intas rgvgfnias par gf Cgesa Enc`aenf ig Rakfnc`óe y X`v`gein igf nþa ;222, rgnf`znia par gf @est`tuta Enc`aenf ig Gstniìst`cn y Cgesas, fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg nfcnezó ue tatnf ig 3 =>2 >:0 mnk`tnetgs, ig fas cunfgs gf 72% sae malkrgs y gf rgsta sae ludgrgs. Rar su pnrtg, gf tatnf ig fn pakfnc`óe cae i`scnpnc`ini gqu`vnfg n ue 7,37%, i`str`ku`in ig fn s`ju`getg lnegrn, 7;% malkrgs y 9=% ludgrgs (p.0)

Surj`l`geta ig fn fgy4

Ge ue lueia y ge ue pnìs qug ea gstîe mgcmas pnrn fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini, sakrg taia fns ig ìeiafg hìs`cn, gs `lpartnetg mncgr ue nfta ge gf cnl`ea y talnr uen pasturn ig `etgràs par getgeigr cuîf gs fn s`tunc`óe ig qu`gegs ea cugetne cae tains sus cnpnc`inigs hìs`cns y caje`t`vns, y qug egcgs`tne qug egcgs`tne tgegr gf l`sla nccgsa y apartue`inigs qug fns iglîs pgrsaens ge su getarea, gs par gsa qug, pgesneia ge qu`gegs t`gege nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini pnrn igsnrraffnrsg ge su v`in hug crgnin fn Fgy :822 fn cunf sg nkarin n caet`eunc`óe. Fn Fgy pnrn fn @junfini ig Apartue`inigs pnrn fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini, Fgy :822, hug pugstn ge v`jgec`n y pukf`cnin gf ;0 ig lnya ig >008 ge gf I`nr`a Ah`c`nf Fn Jncgtn E² >2; (Fgy :822, ;229, p.7) Ea cnkg iuin ig qug, uen vgz pugstn ge v`jgec`n i`cmn fgy lnrcnr`n ig harln igh`e`t`vn y pgrlnegetg n fns pgrsaens cae nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini yn qug, n pnrt`r ig gsg lalgeta, pairìne tgegr nccgsa n ue `estrulgeta fgjnf y cae lucma vnfar qug n su vgz fgs pgrl`t`rî paigr gx`j`r qug sg fgs rgspgtge sus igrgcmas cala sgrgs mulneas y cala castnrr`cgesgs. Nf mncgr rghgrgec`n n i`cmas igrgcmas, cnkg lgec`aenr qug gstas fgs pgrl`t`rîe tgegr nccgsa n fns i`hgrgetgs nrgs ig igsnrraffa sac`nf, nsì cala gf gcaeól`ca, pafìt`ca y cufturnf. Gstn fgy hug igcfnrnin ig `etgràs pôkf`ca sgjôe fa igcfnrn fn fgy ge sus i`spas`c`aegs jgegrnfgs ge su cnpìtufa iaeig sg gxpaeg ig fn s`ju`getg lnegrn4 Sg igcfnrn ig `etgràs pôkf`ca gf igsnrraffa `etgjrnf ig fn pakfnc`óe cae i`scnpnc`ini, ge `junfgs caei`c`aegs ig cnf`ini, apartue`ini, igrgcmas y igkgrgs 7

 

qug gf rgsta ig fas mnk`tnetgs (Rracurniurìn Jgegrnf ig fn [gpôkf`cn ig Castn [`cn, ;2>:, p. >)

Sgjôe fa netgr`ar, gstn fgy kuscn jgegrnr `junfini ig caei`c`aegs pnrn nqugffns pgrsaens qug t`gege nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini fn cunf fg `lp`ig v`v`r uen v`in pfgen y igsgevafvgrsg ge calpfgtn f`kgrtnin ge su getarea sac`nf, pnrn gffa, gs `lpartnetg qug sg crgge pafìt`cns sac`nfgs qug sg prgacupge par jgegrnr praygctas qug hnvargzcne n uen pnrtg ig fn pakfnc`óe qug gs vufegrnkfg par sus f`l`tnc`aegs y qug iglneine ig qu`gegs t`gege gf paigr pafìt`ca y gcaeól`ca, uen safuc`óe qug fgs pgrl`tn igsnrraffnrsg ge `junfini ig igrgcmas y caei`c`aegs sgjôe fa gxprgsn gf s`ju`getg tgxta4

Fns pafìt`cns sac`nfgs y ue`vgrsnfgs sae nqugffns cuyas rgsuftnias nfcnezne n tain fn pakfnc`óe cae s`l`fnrgs kgegh`c`as y suh`c`getg cnf`ini lgi`netg uen calk`enc`óe ig `estrulgetas lns`vas y ig i`scr`l`enc`óe pas`t`vn, mnc`geia par fa tneta `eegcgsnr`a, safa apc`aenf, gf qug fn pakfnc`óe rgcurrn nf lgrcnia (Lnrtìegz y Sîecmgz, ;2>3, p.3)

S`ju`geia cae fa gxpugsta par i`cmn Fgy, gs `lpartnetg caeacgr cuîfgs sae sus akdgt`vas y qug sg prgtgeig fajrnr cae cnin uea

Akdgt`vas ig fn fgy4

Ge Fn fgy :822, sg pfnetgne uen sgr`g ig akdgt`vas lgi`netg fas cunfgs kuscne qug sg rgspgtge fas igrgcmas y qug mnyn `junfini ig apartue`inigs pnrn fns pgrsaens cae nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini, i`cmas akdgt`vas sg prgsgetne n caet`eunc`óe4 >. Sgrv`r cala `estrulgeta n fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini pnrn qug nfcnecge su lîx`la igsnrraffa, su pfgen pnrt`c`pnc`óe sac`nf, nsì cala gf gdgrc`c`a ig fas igrgcmas y igkgrgs gstnkfgc`ias ge eugstra s`stgln durìi`ca (Fgy :822, ;229, p.=)

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;. Jnrnet`znr fn `junfini ig apartue`inigs pnrn fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg ge îlk`tas cala4 snfui, giucnc`óe, trnknda, v`in hnl`f`nr, rgcrgnc`óe, igpartgs, cufturn y taias fas iglîs îlk`tas gstnkfgc`ias (Fgy :822, ;229, p.=) 3. Gf`l`enr cunfqu`gr cun fqu`gr t`pa ig

i`scr`l`enc`óe mn mnc`n c`n fns pgrsaens

cae

i`scnpnc`ini (Fgy :822, ;229, p.=) 9.

Gstnkfgcgr fns knsgs durìi`cns y lntgr`nfgs qug fg pgrl`tne n fn sac`gini castnrr`cgesg niaptnr lgi`ins egcgsnr`ns pnrn fn gqu`pnrnc`óe ig apartue`inigs y fn ea i`scr`l`enc`óe ig fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini (Fgy :822, ;229, p.=-0)

Fn Fgy :822, kuscn inrfg n pakfnc`óe cae nfjôe jrnia ig i`scnpnc`ini, fn apartue`ini ig paigr igsnrraffnrsg sac`nflgetg sac`nflg etg y tnlk`àe tgegr nccgsa n sgrv`c`as kîs`cas cala trnespartg, giucnc`óe y nccgsa n fas sgrv`c`as ig sgjur`ini sac`nf cala gf ig snfui, gs par gffa qug gstn fgy pracurn fucmnr caetrn taia ncta ig i`scr`l`enc`óe ge taias fas îlk`tas ig fn v`in cat`i`nen ig cnin castnrr`cgesg qug egcgs`tg y aptg par mncgr vnfgr sus igrgcmas cala c`uininea/n ig gstg pnìs.

Gf tgln ig fn i`scnpnc`ini, pnrgcg sgr uen prakfglît`cn ge gf pnìs qug igk`ó rgsafvgrsg ge su lalgeta ig fn lgdar lnegrn y par tneta, gs egcgsnr`a crgnr fgygs qug pratgdne y vgfge par fn `junfini ig caei`c`aegs pnrn tains fns pgrsaens. Cae rgspgcta n gstg tgln, sg gxprgsn fa s`ju`getg4 S` uen igtgrl`enin prakfglît`cn ea pnsn n harlnr pnrtg ig fn njgein pôkf`cn i`hìc`flgetg gstn pairg sgr akdgta ig uen pafìt`cn pôkf`cn (Suksgcrgtnr`n ig Igsnrraffa [gj`aenf y Nil`e`strnt`va, ;220) Sgjôe gf tgxta netgr`ar, gs egcgsnr`a qug sg prakfglnt`cg uen s`tunc`óe qug nhgctg ig lnegrn i`rgctn fas f as `etgrgsgs igf Gstnia pnrn qug gstn sg ffgvg f fgvg n i`scus`óe y qug sg crgge fgygs y igcrgtas qug vgfge y pratgdne fns egcgs`inigs ig fns pgrsaens, gs par gsa qug, fn i`scnpnc`ini qug nhgctn n ue sgctar ig fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg hug prakfglnt`znin y pugstn ge fn njgein ig fns pafìt`cns pôkf`cns pnrn qug nsì sg crgnrn i`cmn Fgy, par quà sg igkg tarenr cala uen prakfglît`cn pnrn qug sg kusqug nfjuen safuc`óe sg pugig nprgc`nr ge gf s`ju`getg tgxta4 :

 

Gs igc`r, netgs ig qug uen apc`óe ig pafìt`cn pôkf`cn sgn rgnf`znin gs egcgsnr`a qug uen igtgrl`enin prakfglît`cn ge fn sac`gini sgn `ecarparnin cala pnrtg ig fn njgein pôkf`cn y sg pr`ar`cg cala tnf ge rgfnc`óe cae fns atrns (Suksgcrgtnr`n ig Igsnrraffa [gj`aenf y Nil`e`strnt`va, ;220, p, 9)

Rnpgf igf Gstnia cae rgspgcta n fn Fgy :822

Sgjôe fn Rracurniurìn Jgegrnf ig fn [gpôkf`cn ig Castn [`cn (;2>:). Gs `lpartnetg qug gf gstnia nsuln sus rgspaesnk`f`inigs cae fn pakfnc`óe castnrr`cgesg, y qug pracurg qug cnin uea ig fas calpral`sas nsul`ias sg caecrgt`cge y sg paejne ge prîct`cn, gs par fa qug ge fn fgy sg fg caeh`grge c`grtns akf`jnc`aegs nf Gstnia qug ea igkg pnsnr par nfta, gstns rgspaesnk`f`inigs rgspaeige n fns s`ju`getgs4

n) @ecfu`r ge pfnegs, pafìt`cns, prajrnlns y sgrv`c`as ig sus `est`tuc`aegs, fas pr`ec`p`as ig `junfini ig apartue`inigs y nccgs`k`f`ini n fas sgrv`c`as qug, cae knsg ge gstn fgy, sg prgstge? nsì cala igsnrraffnr praygctas y ncc`aegs i`hgrgec`nias qug talge ge caes`igrnc`óe gf lgear igsnrraffa rgfnt`va ig fns rgj`aegs y calue`inigs igf pnìs (p.;) k) Jnrnet`znr qug gf getarea, fas k`gegs, fas sgrv`c`as sgrv`c`as y fns `estnfnc`aegs ig ntgec`óe nf pôkf`ca sgne nccgs`kfgs pnrn qug fns pgrsaens fas usge y i`shrutge (p.;)

c) Gf`l`enr fns ncc`aegs y i`spas`c`aegs qug, i`rgctn a `ei`rgctnlgetg, pralugvge fn i`scr`l`enc`óe a `lp`ige n fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini tgegr nccgsa n fas prajrnlns y sgrv`c`as (p.;) i) Npaynr n fas sgctargs ig fn sac`gini y n fns arjne`znc`aegs ig pgrsaens cae cae i`scnpnc`ini, cae gf h`e ig nfcneznr fn `junfini ig apartue`inigs (p.;) g) Jnrnet`znr gf igrgcma ig fns arjne`znc`aegs ig pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini ig pnrt`c`pnr ge fns ncc`aegs rgfnc`aenins cae fn gfnkarnc`óe ig pfnegs, pafìt`cns, prajrnlns y sgrv`c`as ge fas qug gstàe `evafucrnins (p.;) =

 

h) I`vufjnr gstn fgy pnrn pralavgr su culpf`l`geta (p.;) j) Jnrnet`znr, par lgi`a ig fns `est`tuc`aegs carrgspaei`getgs, fas sgrv`c`as ig npaya rgqugr`ias par fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini pnrn hnc`f`tnrfgs su pgrlnegec`n ge fn hnl`f`n (p.;) m) Jnrnet`znr qug fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini njrgi`ins hìs`cn, glac`aenf a sgxunflgetg, trntnins cae egjf`jgec`n, qug ea cugetge cae uen hnl`f`n a sg gecugetrge ge gstnia ig nkneiaea, tgejne nccgsa n fas lgi`as qug fgs pgrl`tne gdgrcgr nutaealìn y igsnrraffnr uen v`in i`jen (Nrtìcufa 9) (p.;-3)

Getrg fns akf`jnc`aegs qug gstn Fgy fg caeh`grg nf Gstnia tnlk`àe sg gecugetrne fns s`ju`getgs4 Cuneia uen pgrsaen nsgjurnin par gf Gstnia prgsgetg uen i`scnpnc`ini cala caesgcugec`n ig uen gehgrlgini a fgs`óe, fn Cndn castnrr`cgesg ig Sgjura Sac`nf fg praparc`aenrî ntgec`óe lài`cn y rgmnk`f`tnc`óe, nsì cala fns nyuins tàce`cns a fas sgrv`c`as ig npaya rgqugr`ias. Ns`l`sla, gf Gstnia fg atarjnrî uen prgstnc`óe gcaeól`cn iurnetg gf pgrìaia ig masp`tnf`znc`óe, s` gs egcgsnr`a, mnstn par ue nþa, y gstn ea pairî sgr `ehgr`ar n fn pges`óe lìe`ln igf ràj`lge caetr`kut`va ig fn Cndn Castnrr`cgesg ig Sgjura Sac`nf (Rracurniurìn Jgegrnf ig fn [gpôkf`cn ig Castn [`cn, ;2>:, p. 7)

 Niglîs, gf Gstnia Gstnia igkg jnrnet`znr jnrnet`znr fn cnpnc`tnc`óe fnkarnf fnkarnf ig fns pgrsaen pgrsaens s qug, cala caesgcugec`n ig uen gehgrlgini a fgs`óe igsnrraffge uen i`scnpnc`ini qug fgs `lp`in caet`eunr cae gf trnknda qug rgnf`znkne. rgnf`znkne . Gstn cnpnc`tnc`óe pracurnrî qug sg ninptge n ue cnrja ig ncugria cae fns eugvns caei`c`aegs (Rracurniurìn Jgegrnf ig fn [gpôkf`cn ig Castn [`cn, ;2>:, p.7)

Nctargs pafìt`cas qug sg apaege nf culpf`l`geta ig fn Fgy :822

 N pgsnr ig qug cae gstn Fgy fa qug sg kuscn gs kr`einrfg n fns pgrsaens cae nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini uen lgdar cnf`ini ig v`in n trnvàs ig lgdarns ge fas nccgsas n fas sgrv`c`as pôkf`cas lgi`netg gf ncaei`c`aenl`geta ig fns vìns par 0

 

fns qug n i`nr`a egcgs`tne lav`f`znrsg yn sgn pnrn `ejrgsnr n sus fujnrgs ig trnknda nsì cala n fas i`hgrgetgs gstnkfgc`l`getas calgrc`nfgs y sgrv`c`as ig snfui, mny qu`gegs sg apaege y cr`t`cne qug sg culpfne fas akdgt`vas par fas qug gstn Fgy hug gstnkfgc`in y nsì sg pugig nprgc`nr ge gf s`ju`getg tgxta qug igdn ge gv`igec`n gstns apas`c`aegs par pnrtg ig nfjuens h`jurns pafìt`cns igf pnìs. Ge gstn eatn, sg gxpaeg cala gf i`putnia Nkgf`ea Gsqu`vgf igf Rnrt`ia [geavnc`óe Castnrr`cgesg pratnjae`zó uen pafàl`cn ge fn rgi sac`nf Yw`ttgr gstg Gf fgj`sfniar rgcfnló fn hnftn ig pnrqugas pnrn fn pakfnc`óe s`e i`scnpnc`ini, ge uen njgec`n knecnr`n. Gf geada ig Gsqu`vgf `e`c`ó cuneia nf trntnr ig gstnc`aenrsg ge uen njgec`n knecnr`n, gecaetró 9 gspnc`as ig pnrqugas y ; ig gffas gstnkne igst`enias pnrn pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini (Larn, ;2>:, p.>)

Gstg mgcma sucgi`ó sgjôe fa gxpaege ge i`cmn eat`c`n, l`getrns gf i`putnia Gsqu`vge `etgetnkn gstnc`aenr su nuta pnrn `ejrgsnr n uen njgec`n knecnr`n y nf ea gecaetrnr ue gspnc`a f`krg gxprgsa su lafgst`n yn qug ea gstnkn ig ncugria cae qug sg cgi`grne ias gspnc`as pnrn pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini y nf ea paigr ut`f`znrfas `ecfusa gxprgsa qug, ‖Rugig qug fn fgy ea sgn gf prakfgln, s`ea cóla fn npf`cne“, Gsqu`vgf lastra su lafgst`n n pgsnr ig qug  l`glkras ig fn

get`ini knecnr`n fg gxpf`cnrne qug gsta sg igkìn nf culpf`l`geta ig fn Fgy :822 ge fn cunf sg `ei`cn qug sg igkge kr`einr fas gspnc`as egcgsnr`as y nigcunias pnrn qu`gegs prgsgetne nfjuen i`scnpnc`ini cae gf h`e ig qug mnyn ue trnta dusta y sg ige `junfini ig caei`c`aegs. Rnrn i`cma i`putnia, fn npf`cnc`óe ig gstn Fgy nhgctn nf rgsta ig fn pakfnc`óe fa qug pnrgcg caetrni`ctar`a s` sg trntn ig crgnr pafìt`cns sac`nfgs qug hnvargzcne n fn pakfnc`óe lîs vufegrnkfg igf pnìs.

S`tunc`óe nctunf ig fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn

 N pgsnr ig qug fn Fgy :822 kuscn fn gqu`ini ge gf nccgsa n fas sgrv`c`as pôkf`cas pnrn fns pgrsaens cae nfjôe jrnia ig i`scnpnc`ini, gstn pnrgcg ea snt`shncgr igf taia n uen pakfnc`óe pakfnc`ó e qug iglnein qug sg culpfne sus igrgcmas >2

 

mulneas y n fn vgz, qug i`cmn Fgy ea qugig safa ge u e praygcta lîs ig fns pafìt`cns pôkf`cns igf Gstnia castnrr`cgesg.

Sgjôe [adns (;2>8). Ge ue gstui`a rgnf`znia pnrn lgi`r fns apartue`inigs qug t`gege fas castnrr`cgesgs cae i`scnpnc`ini cae rgspgcta nf nccgsa nf trnknda y n paigr lav`f`znrsg ge calpfgtn calp fgtn f`kgrtni, lugstrn sgjôe sg jôe intas qug ea sg culpfg fn Fgy n cnknf`ini cala sg gspgrnkn nf lalgeta ig qug hugrn gl`t`in y n s` fa i`cg fn nutarn n caet`eunc`óe4

 N pgsnr ig qug pnrn fas fas castnrr`cgesgs, castnrr`cgesgs, ge fas ôft`las i`gz i`gz nþas, nþas, mne nulgetnia pas`t`vnlgetg fns apartue`inigs pnrn qug fns pgrsaens qug t`gege nfjuen caei`c`óe ig i`scnpnc`ini, lîs ig fn l`tni ig fn pakfnc`óe nôe pgrc`kg e`vgfgs lgi`as y kndas ge su igsnrraffa ge taias fas îlk`tas ig fn v`in i`nr`n Fns pgrsaens cae i`scnpnc`ini t`gege pacns apartue`inigs ig tgegr ue `ejrgsa i`jea a ue trnknda, nôe t`gege i`h`cuftnigs pnrn usnr gf trnspartg pôkf`ca, caetnr cae s`ffns ig rugins, nuiìhaeas a pgrras juìn pnrn lav`f`znrsg ge s`t`as pôkf`cas (p.>)

>>

 

Caecfus`óe Fn Fgy :822 hug crgnin pnrn kgegh`c`a ig qu`gegs sg gecugetrne ge uen pas`c`óe lgeas pr`v`fgj`nin ge fn sac`gini par pasggr nfjôe jrnia ig i`scnpnc`ini yn sgn hìs`cn a latarn qug nhgctn gf igsnrraffa pfgea ig sus huec`aegs tneta latarns cala caje`t`vns, par pa r fa qug gs egcgsnr`a qug sg kr`eige fns lgi`ins nigcunins par pnrtg ea safa igf Gstnia s`ea ig fns `est`tuc`aegs pôkf`cns a pr`vnins igf pnìs, cnkg lgec`aenr qug mny lucmns pgrsaens nf sgrv`c`a ig qu`gegs prgsgetne nfjôe jrnia ig i`scnpnc`ini, par fa tneta gs `lpartnetg ea safa cnpnc`tnr nf pgrsaenf ig fns `est`tuc`aegs s`ea qug tnlk`àe sg igkg ig caec`get`znr n i`cma pgrsaenf, qug qu`gegs prgsgetne uen i`scnpnc`ini sg gehrgetne n i`nr`a n lucmas hnctargs egjnt`vas cala fn i`scr`l`enc`óe g `ecfusa lnfas trntas par gf mgcma ig ea sgr pgrsaens qug gecndge ge fa qug qug lucmas/ns caes`igrnrìne gs uen pgrsaen ‖earlnf“

Wen vgz gstui`nin gstn fgy :822 cuyas akdgt`vas sae vgfnr par fn @junfini ig apartue`inigs pnrn fns Rgrsaens cae I`scnpnc`ini, sg caecfuyg qug gstn ea sg culpfg a nf lgeas hnftn lîs i`spas`c`óe ig fn c`uinineìn castnrr`cgesg pnrn qug gstn sgn uen rgnf`ini pnrn cnin pgrsaen qug prgsgetn uen i`scnpnc`ini. Ge fn nctunf`ini, nôe mny pgrsaens qug ea pugige nccgigr n sgrv`c`as kîs`cas cala fa sae gf nccgsa f`krg n fn giucnc`óe, sgrv`c`as ig snfui, trnespartg pôkf`ca y pr`vnia yn qug ea cugetne cae fns caei`c`aegs nigcunins pnrn fn ntgec`óe ig gstn pakfnc`óe. Gs `lpartnetg tgegr ue pgesnl`geta crìt`ca pgra akdgt`va, trntnr ig calprgeigr fn s`tunc`óe ig qu`gegs gstîe ge uen caei`c`óe vufegrnkfg, ea safa hìs`cn s`ea tnlk`àe glac`aenf yn qug, qu`gegs pnigcge nfjôe t`pa ig i`scnpnc`ini, cae hrgcugec`n sae prgsns/as ig pgesnl`getas egjnt`vas mnc`n su caei`c`óe ig v`in, niglîs cnin vgz qug uen pgrsaen ge gstn pas`c`óe gs i`scr`l`enin par nfjôe sgrv`iar/n pukf`ca/n rglugvg tains sus `equ`gtuigs y nes`ginigs pravacnins par uen s`tunc`óe qug s` k`ge gs c`grta pairìn sgr jgeàt`cn tnlk`àe lucmns vgcgs ue ncc`igetg fgs cnlk`n fn v`in par calpfgta y pnrn s`glprg.

>;

 

K`kf`ajrnhìn

Fgy :822. (;229). Fgy :822 sakrg `junfini ig apartue`inigs pnrn fns pgrsaens pgrsaen s cae i`scnpnc`ini. GI@YA[NLN, Sne Dasà Castn [`cn. [gcupgrnia ig mttp4//www.cgenrgc.ja.cr/`lnjgs/Iaculgetas%;2s`t`a/@eharlnc`ae/Rukf`cn c`aegs/FGPGS%;2P%;2IGC[GYAS/FGPGS/FGP-:822.pih    c`aegs/FGPGS%;2P%;2IGC[GYAS/FGPGS/FGP-:822.pih 

Arjne`znc`óe Rnenlgr`cnen ig fn Snfui (;229). Fn i`scnpnc`ini ge Castn [`cn4 S`tunc`óe nctunf y pgrspgct`vns Arjne`znc`óe Rnenlgr`cnen ig fn Snfui, L`e`stgr`a ig Snfui. Sne Dasà, C.[.4 ARS, ;229. =2 p.? ;= cl.  –  (Sgr`g  Neîf`s`s

ig

S`tunc`óe S`tunc`óe

ig

Snfui?

ea.

>9)

rgcupgrnia

ig

mttp4//www.kvs.sn.cr/pmp/s`tunc`ae/i`scnpnc`ini.pih   mttp4//www.kvs.sn.cr/pmp/s`tunc`ae/i`scnpnc`ini.pih   Rracurniurìn Jgegrnf ig fn [gpôkf`cn ig Castn [`cn. (;2>:). Fgy4 :822 ig >008? Fgy ig @junfini ig Apartue`inigs pnrn fns Rgrsaens cae I`scnpnc`ini4 Rraeuec`nl`getas

ig

fn

Rracurniurìn

Jgegrnf.

[gcupgrnia

ig

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