TRABAJO Coloración Gram y Coloración de Zielh Neelsen 3

 

I_OYIJM DI CLRAMOEß@ VRLCI_EL@MJ DI AIDEOE@M NYAM@M

OYR_L DI E@CIOOEß@ I E@AY@EDMD

E@CLRAI DI VRÍOTEOM_ TIAM8 Oljlrmoeÿ`

Grma y oljlrmoeÿ`

di Xeijn @iijsi` Istudem`ti8 Onmviz Auýlz Jezitn Dloi`ti8 Mpmyol Ispe`lzm @ejdm Murijem

Mymouonl - Virø

 

Guám di Lrei`tmoeÿ`

Vrmoteom @¶ 64 Oljlrmoeÿ` Grma y oljlrmoeÿ` di Xeijn @iijsi`  

=) Ol`loeaei`t Ol`loeaei`tls ls privels (S (Slombujm lombujmrel) rel) OLJLRMOEß@ GRMA8 Vre`oepels di jm Tåo`eom8 Jms oåjujms cehmdms mj omjlr slbri u` plrtmlbhitls si teýi`, preairl ol` u`m sljuoeÿ` di orestmj veljitm (ltrls oljlrm`tis bíseols `l sl` tm` iciotevls) y sl` jmvmdms dispuås pm pmrm rm quetm quetmrr ij ixo ixoisl isl di olj oljlrm lrm`ti `ti.. I` is isti ti istmd istmdl, l, tld tldms ms jms jms oåj oåjuj ujms, ms, tm` tm`tl tl jms grmaplsetevms grmaplse tevms olal jms grma`igmtevms, istí` tiýedms di mzuj. Ij plrtmlbhitls si oubri i`tl`ois ol` u`m sljuoeÿ` di yldl-yldurl pltíseol. Ij e`gridei`ti motevl is mquá ij E2; E 2; ij KE seapjiai`ti nmoi sljubji ij E2 i` mgum. Ij E2 i`trm i` jms oåjujms y clram u` ol olap apji jihl hl e`sl e`slju jubj bji i i` mg mgum um ol ol` ` ij or ores estm tmjj ve velj ljit itm. m. Di `uiv `uivl l tm`t tm`tl l jms jms oåju oåjujm jmss grmaplsetevms olal jms grma`igmtevms si i`oui`trm` i` jm aesam setumoeÿ`. _i jjivm m ombl dispuås jm dioljlrmoeÿ`, usm`dl u`m aizojm di mjolnlj-moitl`m, sustm`oems i` jm jmss qu qui i is sl slju jubj bji i ij olap olapji jihl hl E2-o E2-ore rest stmj mj ve velj ljit itm. m. Mj Mjgu gu`l `lss lrgm lrgm`e `esa sals ls (grmaplsetevls) `l si dioljlrm`, aei`trms qui ltrls (grma`igmtevls) jl nmoi`. Jm deciri`oem isi`oemj isi`oemj i`tri isls dls tepls di oåjujms istí plr tm`tl i` su risesti`oem m jm dioljlrmoeÿ`; istm risesti`oem si dibi prlbmbjiai`ti mj nionl di qui i` ij omsl di bmotirems bmoti rems grma-`i grma-`igmte gmtevms, vms, jm aizoj aizojm m di mjol mjolnlj/ nlj/moitl moitl`m `m is u` sljv sljvi`ti i`ti jepádeo jepádeol l y desuijvi jm aiabrm`m ixtirelr di jm pmrid di jm oåjujm (y tmabeå` puidi dmýmr jm aiab ai abrm rm`m `m oe oetl tlpj pjís ísae aeom om m jm qu qui i si u` u`i i pipt pipted edlg lgjejeom om`l `l). ). Jm dijg dijgmd mdm m ompm ompm di piptedlgjeom`l is e`ompmz di riti`ir ij di olapjihl orestmj veljitm-yldl y jm oåjujm si dioljlrm. Jms oåjujms grmaplsetevms, m omusm di sus pmridis oijujmris aís ispisms (te (tei` i`i` i` aís pip pipted tedlg lgjeo jeom` m`l l y ai`ls ai`ls jáped jápedl), l), `l sl` pirai piraimb mbjis jis mj deslj desljvi` vi`ti, ti, prlvlom`dl qui ij di olapjihl orestmj veljitm-yldl quidi mtrmpmdl di`trl di jm pmrid oijujmr. Dispuås di jm dioljlrmoe dioljlrmoeÿ` ÿ` jms oåjujms grmaplsete grmaplsetevms vms sl` tldmvám mzujis, pirl jms grma`igmtevms sl` e`oljlrms. Vmrm pl`ir di am`eceistl jms oåjujms grma`igmtevms si utejezm u`m oljlrmoeÿ` di ol`trmsti. Nmbetumjai`ti is u` oljlrm`ti di oljlr rlhl, olal jm smcrm`e`m l jm cuose`m bíseom. Dispuås di jm oljlrmoeÿ` di ol`trmsti jms oåjujms grma`igmtevms sl` rlhms, aei`trms qui jms grmaplsetevms piram`ioi` mzujis.

Vmsl dij prloisl _ljuoeÿ` di Orestmj Seljitm mj =%. _i dihm motumr = ae`utl _ljuoeÿ` Uldl- Eldurmdm. _i dihm motumr = m 2 ae`utls _lju _l juoe oeÿ` ÿ`

di

RIMOOEL@ U OLJLRMOEL@ DI JM_ BMOTIREM_ GRMA VL_ETESM_ GRMA @IGMTESM_ Oåjujms oljlr veljitm

Clramoeÿ Clramo eÿ` ` dij olapj olapjih ihl l Uldl ‟ Orestmj Seljitm i` ij e` e`tir tirel elrr di jm jmss oåj oåjujm ujmss Jms oåju oåjujms jms pira piram`io m`ioi` i` veljitms mj mjol olnl nljj Ij ol olap apji jihl hl Ul Uldl dl ‟ Orest restmj mj

Oåjujms oljlr veljitm Clramoeÿ Clramo eÿ` ` dij dij ola olapji pjihl hl Uldl ‟ Orestmj Seljitm i` ij e`tir e`tirel elrr di jms oåj oåjuj ujms ms Jms oåju oåjujms jms pira piram`io m`ioi` i` veljitms Ij olap olapji jihl hl Ul Uldl dl ‟ Ores Orestm tmjj

 

 Moitl`m. _i dihm motumr  Sel eljjitm `l smj smji di jms Seljitm si sipmrm di jms 26 _igu`dls Oåjujms, jms qui Oåjujms, jms qui peirdi` ij ol`sirvm` ij oljlr veljitm. Oljlr y `l puidi` lbsirvmrsi _ljuoeÿ` di _mcrm`e`m. _i Jms oåjujms ol`sirvm` ij Jms Jms oåj oåjujm ujmss diolj dioljlrm lrmdm dmss dihm motumr = m 2 Ae`utls. Oljlr Seljitm. si Teýi` di rlhl. Jmvmr, siomr y lbsirvmr mj aeorlsolpel.

Ytejedmd Isti aåtldlpre`oepmj8 devedi jms bmotirems i` dls grm`dis grupls, jms Grma-`igmtevms y jms Grma-plsetevms. Istl is isi`oemj pmrm jm ojmseceomoeÿ` y deciri`oemoeÿ` di aeorllrgm`esals. Jm rimooeÿ` m jm te`oeÿ` di Grma istí bmsmdm i` jm deciri`oem i` jm olaplseoeÿ` quáaeom di jm pmrid oijujmr bmotirem`m. Jms bmotirems Grmaplsetevms tei`i` u`m gruism ompm di påptedlgjeom`l l auriá`m, aei`trms qui istm ompm is aís ce`m i` jms Grma-`igmtevms y istí rldimdm plr u`m beompm jepádeom ixtir`m. Jls aeorllrgm`esals grmaplsetevls puidi` prisi`tmr rispuistms vmrembjis i` oeirtms ol`deoel`is (sl` grmajíbejis). Vlr ihiapjl, jls oujtevls veihls di mjgu`ms bmotirems grmaplsetevms peirdi` jm prlpeidmd di riti`ir ij orestmj veljitm, y i` ol`sioui`oem, si teýi` plr jm smcrm`e`m mpmrioei` mpmrioei`dl dl olal grma`igmtevms. M`íjlgl iciotl si prlduoi i` lomsel`is plr omabel i` ij aidel dij lrgm`esal, l plr jegirms aldeceomoel`is i` jm ihiouoeÿ` di jm tåo`eom. Vlrr jl tm Vl tm`t `tl, l, ma mabl blss tepl teplss di bm bmot otir irem emss si teteýi ýi` ` deci deciri ri`o `oem emja jai` i`ti ti dibe dibedl dl m istmsdeciri`oems ol`stetutevms di su pmrid. Jm ojmvi is ij piptedlgjeom`l, ym qui is ij amtiremj qui ol`ceiri su regediz m jm pmrid oijujmr bmotirem`m, y jms Grmaplsetevms jl plsii` i` auonm amylr prlplroeÿ` qui jms Grma `igmtevms. Istm tåo`eom ouapji vmrems cu`oel`is8 Edi`teceomoeÿ` prijeae`mr di jm bmotirem omusmj e`ciooeÿ`. Ytejedmd olal ol`trlj omjedmd dij mesjmaei`tl bmotirem`l. Eaplrtm`oem di jm omjedmd di jm auistrm beljÿgeom pmrm ij istudel, si vmjlrm ol` istl istl,, ij `ø `øai airl rl di oå oåju jujm jmss e` e`cjcjma mamt mtlr lrem emss (m am amyl ylrr `øai `øairl rl di oåju oåjujm jmss e`cjmamtlremss aís prlbmbejedmdis di qui jm cjlrm sim riprisi`tmtev e`cjmamtlrem riprisi`tmtevm m dij jugmr di e`ciooeÿ`). 

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Oljlrmoeÿ` di Xeijn @iijsi` Jms pmridis oijujmris oeirtls pmrísetls y bmotirems ol`tei`i` íoedls grmsls (íoedls Vre`oepels di jmditåo`eom8 ae aeoÿ oÿjejeol ols) s) di om omdi di`m `m jm jmrg rgm m (9 (96 6 m 56 ítla ítlals ls di omrb omrbl` l`l) l) qui qui jis jis ol`c ol`cei eiri ri` ` jm prlpeidmd di risester jm dioljlrmoáÿ` ol` mjolnlj-íoedl, dispuås di jm te`oeÿ` ol` oljlrm`tis bíseols. Vlr istl si di`lae`m` íoedl-mjolnlj risesti`tis. Ij crltes si teýi durm`ti u`ls 9 ae` ol` Cuose`m ci`eomdm mpjeom`dl omjlr sumvi. Jmvmr ol` mgum. Dioljlrmr ol` mjolnlj itájeol 59% ol` u` ?% di OjN ol`oi`trmdl. Jmvmr y tiýer  durm`ti ?6-36 sig ol` Mzuj di Aiteji`l (oljlr di ol`trmsti). Jmvmr y siomr.  Jls rimotevls `ioismrels pmrm su rimjezmoeÿ` sl` jls seguei`tis8  Moedl pireÿdeol 9>% omrblj cuose`m di Xeinj ouje`m (Cusoe`m ci`eomdm). _i pripmrm i` ij seguei`ti lrdi`8 6,9g cuose`m bíseom 96oo mgum distejmdm 9oo itm`lj mbsljutl 2>,9g orestmjis di ci`lj dirritedls Niamtlxeje`m

 

 Mjolnlj íoedl íoedl =%  Mjolnlj di ?9¶ ?9¶  Íoedl ojlrnádreol ojlrnádreol

Ytejedmd pre`oepmj8 Isti aåtldl si bmsm i` qui jms pmridis oijujmris di oeirtls pmrísetls y bmotirems ol`tei`i` íoedl grmsl íoedls grmsls (plr ihiapjl, ij íoedl aeoÿjeol)di omdi`m jmrgm (96 m 56 ítlals di omrbl`l) qui jis ol`ceiri` jm prlpeidmd di risester jm dioljlrmoeÿ` ol ol` ` mjol mjolnl nljj-ío íoed edl, l, di disp spuå uåss di jm te`o te`oeÿ eÿ` ` ol` ol` oljl oljlrm rm`t `tis is bíse bíseol ols. s. Vl Vlrr istl istl si di`lae`m` íoedl-mjolnlj risesti`oem| bmoejls íoedl-mjolnlj risesti`tis l BMMR. Jms Ayolbmotireua Ayolbmotire ua aeolbmotirems olal Ayolbmotireua Ayolbmotireua tubiroujlses|A. tubiroujlses y Ayolbmotireua amre`ua|A. amre`ua y jls pmrísetls olol (bmotirem)|olooádils olal Oryptlsplredeua si omrmotirezm` plrriqueiri sus prlpeidmdis prlpeidm dis di íoedl-mjol íoedl-mjolnlj nlj risesti`oem. oljlrmoeÿ` di Xeinj-@iijsi` omji`tmaei`tl pmrm qui ij oljlrm`tiJmmtrmveisi jm ojíseom pmrid bmotirem`m qui ol`tei`i oirms. Istm te`oeÿ` diauistrm jm ompmoedmd di oeirtms bmotirems di risester m jm dioljlrmoeÿ` plr íoedls y mjolnljis, jl oumj si olrrijmoel`m ol` su mjtl ol`ti`edl i` jápedls i` jm pmrid oijujmr y prisi`oem di íoedl aeoÿjeols qui muai`tm ij omríotir nedÿclbl. ¼]uå tåo`eom di oljlrmoeÿ` si utejezÿ pmrm jm deciri`oemoeÿ` di bmotirem grm` plsetevms y Grma `igmtevms y i` qui tepls di auistrms< _usti`ti jls pre`oepels di deonm tåo`eom, aidem`ti riciri`oem(s) bebjelgríceom(s) _i utejezÿ jm oljlrmoeÿ` Grma si bmsm i` oljlomr olal oljlrm`ti preamrel orestmj ve velj ljit itm, m, ij ou oumj mj tei` tei`i i mce mce `e `edm dmd d ol ol` ` ij pi pipt pted edlg lgjejeom om`l `l di jm pmri pmrid d bmot bmotir irem em`m `m.. Vlstirelrai`ti, si oljlom juglj, ij oumj servi olal alrdei`ti i eapedi jm smjedm dij orestmj veljitm plr jm clramoeÿ` di u` olapjihl orestmj veljitmyldl qui smturm jls ispmoels dij piptedlgjeom`l piptedlgjeom `l di jm pmrid bmotirem`m. I` siguedm, si oljlom u`m aizojm di mjolnlj-moitl`m, jm oumj disnedrmtm jm pmrid bmotirem`m y oeirrm jls plrls di jm

 

aesam,, tma aesam tmabeå beå` ` di distr struyi uyi jm aia aiabrm brm`m `m ixt ixtir` ir`m m di jms jms bmoti bmotirem remss Grm Grma a `igmt `igmtevm evmss dibedl m qui åstm is sljubji m jm mooeÿ` di sljvi`tis lrgí`eols, olal jm aizojm di mjoln mj olnlj ljmoi moitl` tl`m. m. Jms bm bmoti otirem remss Grm Grma a pls plsete etevms vms,, mj ol` ol`ti` ti`ir ir u`m u`m grm grm` ` om` om`ted tedmd md di piptedlg pipt edlgjeom jeom`l, `l, ritei ritei`i` `i` ol` amylr cuir cuirzm zm isti olapjih olapjihl, l, aei` aei`trms trms qui jms Grma `igmtevms `l jl puidi` riti`ir plr ti`ir ai`ls om`tedmd di piptedlgjeom`l. Vlr  øjteal, si oljlom smcrm`e`m, jm oumj cu`oel`m olal u` oljlrm`ti siou`dmrel l di ol`trmte`oeÿ` ol`trmte`oeÿ ` y servi pmrm tiýer jms bmotirems qui `l pudeirl` riti`ir ij olapjihl orestmj veljitm-yldl. Nmy bmotirems diGrma u` aesal gå`irlm qui lbsirvmrsi i` jm aesam auistrmsiou`dmrem olal Grmam plsetevms y olal `igmtevms, isti puidi` ivi`tl si ji jjmam te`oeÿ` Grma vmrembji mjtirmoeÿ` i` `utrei`tis, tiapirmturm, pN l ol`oi`trmoeÿ ol`oi`trmoeÿ` ` di ijiotrljetls. @l tldms jms bmotirems si puidi` tiýer plr istm tåo`eom, ym qui omrioi` di pmrid oijujmr oiju jmr (aeolpjm (aeolpjmsam) sam) l su pmri pmrid d oiju oijujmr jmr tei` tei`i i u`m olap olaplseo lseoeÿ` eÿ` quáa quáaeom eom deci deciri`ti ri`ti (aeolbmotirems, (aeolbmotire ms, qui oui`tm` ol` u`m grm` om`tedmd di íoedls aeoÿjeols).J aeoÿjeols).Jms ms auistrms øtejis pmrm su usl sl` jáquedls istårejis, belpsems pmrm oujtevl, mbsoisls, neslpmdls, orioeaei`tl di oljl`ems mesjmdms i` aidels di oujtevl. Jms bmotirems Grma plsetevms si lbsirvm` di oljlr mzuj lbsourl m alrmdl, aei`trms qui jms Grma `igmtevms si lbsirvm` di oljlr rlsm m rlhl. I` u` oumdrl e`dequi =6 `labris di bmotirems qui pirti`ioi` m omdm grupl bmotirem`l.

 

¼]uå tåo`eom di oljlrmoeÿ` si utejezÿ pmrm jm edi`te edi`teceomoeÿ ceomoeÿ` ` dij bmoejl di Klon y qui omrmotirásteoms dibi ti`ir jm auistrm< _usti`ti jls pre`oepels di deonm tåo`eom, aidem`ti riciri`oem(s) bebjelgríceom(s) _i utejezm jm oljlrmoeÿ` Xeinj @iijsi`,,jm oumj is u`m tåo`eom di te`oeÿ` deciri`oemj rípedm pmrm jm edi`teceomoeÿ` di aeorllrgm`esals pmtÿgi`ls olal is ij omsl di jm Ayolbm Ayo lbmoti otireu reua a tub tubiro irouj ujlse lses. s. Ist Istm m te`oeÿ te`oeÿ` ` ist istí í bmsmd bmsmdm m i` ij omj omji`t i`tmae maei`t i`tl l dij dij ol oljl jlrm rm`t `ti i pm pmrm rm qu qui i isti isti mtrm mtrmve veis isi i jm pm pmri rid d bmot bmotir irem em`m `m qui qui ol`t ol`tei ei`i `i oirm oirms. s. Mj suspi`dir ij omji`tmaei`tl omji`tmaei `tl yiji`cremr ol`ym mgum, prlvlom u`m sljedeceomoeÿ` jls íoedls grmsls di aldl qui oljlrm`ti `l puidm smjer di`uivm jm bmotirem. Vlr ltrldi jmdl, ij omji`tmaei`tl muai`tm jm i`irgám oe`åteom di jms aljåoujms dij oljlrm`ti jl oumj tmabeå` cmoejetm su i`trmdm m jms bmotirems. _e jms auistrms vm` m sir prloismdms sÿjl plr bmoejlsolpem y dibi` e`ivetmbjiai`ti sir ol`sirvmdms plr vmrels dáms, puidi` sir istirejezmdms. _i mgrigm u`ms =6 gltms di ci`lj mj 9 % i` ij dám i` qui si rioebi`, si tmpm ij i`vmsi y aizojm sumviai`ti. Isti Is ti di dise se`c `cio iotm tm`t `ti i am amtm tm m tldl tldlss jl jlss gå gåra rai` i`is is dij dij ispu isputl tl,, e`oj e`ojuy uyi` i`dl dl m jms jms aeolbmotirems, aeolbmotirem s, pirl mu` msá åstms si oljlrim` plr jm tåo`eom di Xeinj-@iij Xeinj-@iijsi`. si`. Jms bmotirems qui risesti` jm dioljlrmoeÿ` sl` di oljlr rlhl y jms qui `l, si lbsirvm` di oljlr mzuj, ym qui si utejezm mzuj di aiteji`l olal te`oeÿ` di ol`trmsti. i` mjgu`ls omsls plrqui jm isomsm om`tedmd di bmoejls di jm tubiroujlses prisi`ti sÿjl pldrí sir ditiotmdm plr oujtevl, i` ltrls pmrm ol`ceramr l disomrtmr qui jm auistrm ol`ti`gm aeolbmotirems mabei`tmjis smprlcetms (olal i` ij omsl di jm lre`m qui risujtm ol` ol` bmoejlsolp bmoejlsolpem em plsetevm) ixoipoel`m ixoipoel`mjai`ti pmtÿgi`ms. bmoejlsol bmoejlsolpem pem di jls jáquedls vljuai` amylr m l, = aj dibi sirjai`ti rimjezmdm juigl diJmoi`trecugmrjls =9 ae`utls m ?666 g, y jm di tihedls dispuås di desgrigmr ij amtiremj. Vlr istm rmzÿ` is mjtmai`ti riolai`dmbji qui jm bmoejlsolpem di istms auistrms sim rimjezmdm i` ij aesal jmblrmtlrel qui oujtevmrí jm auistrm. ¼]uå deciri`oem ixesti i`tri jms dls tåo`eoms di oljlrmoeÿ` utejezmdms< _usti`ti ij pre`oepel, aidem`ti riciri`oem (s) bebjelgríceom (s)

Oljlrmoeÿ` Grma l

Jm tåo`eom is ompmz di deciri`oemr dls grm`dis grupls

Oljlrmoeÿa Xeinj @iijsi` l

di iubmotirems8 BMMR plsetevms y BMMR `igmtevms.

di iubmotirems8 y Grma `igmtevmsGrma plsetevms l

l

l

Jm deciri`oem istí ditirae`mdm plr jm olaplseoeÿ` di su i`vljturm i`vl jturm oiju oijujmr,j jmr,jms ms bmot bmotirem iremss Grma. Jm tete`o `oeÿ eÿ` ` di Gr Grm ma ri riqu quei eiri ri oumtrl sljuoel`is8 preair  oljlrm`ti oljl rm`ti,, slju sljuoeÿ` oeÿ` alrd alrdei`t ei`ti, i, mg mgi`t i`ti i dio dioljl ljlrm` rm`ti, ti, olj oljlrm lrm`ti `ti di ol`trmsti. Is u`m te`oeÿ` deciri`oemj plrqui `l tldms jms oåjujms si teýi` di jm aesam am`irm. 

Jm tåo`eom is ompmz di deciri`oemr dls grm`dis grupls

l

l

I` istm istm oljl oljlrm rmoe oeÿ` ÿ` riqu riquei eiri ri omji` ji`tma tmaei` ei`tl pmrm mrm qu qui i ij oljl oljlrm rm`t `ti i mtrm mtrmve veis isi i jm pmri pmrid d bmotirem`m qui ol`tei`i oirms. Viraeteti Vira i jm edi` edi`tetececeom omoe oeÿ` ÿ` di aeor aeorll llrg rgm` m`es esal alss di dijj grup grupl l Ayolb Ay olbmot motire ireua ua y @l @lomr omrde dem m di grm` rijivm`oem ojá`eom.

 

¼Oÿal si rimjezm ij riplrti di jm prisi`oem di BMMR plr ij aåtldl di jm bmoejlsolpem< Tldms jms auistrms dibi` sir ixmae`mdms aidem`ti te`oeÿ` di Xeinj-@iijsi` m`tis di prloidir m su disol`tmae`moeÿ`. Mu`qui ij nmjjmzgl di BMMR i` u` crltes `l is u` demg`ÿsteol dice`etevl di e`ciooeÿ` aeolbmotirem`m, piraeti u` demg`ÿsteol prisu`tevl auy ol`cerpriolz amoeÿ` di tubiroujlses, di qui u`jlsigueaei`tl s mesjmaedi i`tjls ls pmoei`tis lbti`edli` s trmtmaei`tl sl` ByMu`m MR. Y`m bui`m bmoejlsolpem olaei`zm ol` jm rimjezmoeÿ` di u` bui` crltes. Dibi rimjezmrsi m pmrter di jm pmrti aís puruji`tm dij isputl, iciotuí`dlsi u`m ixti`seÿ` di grlslr  mdioumdl. Jm cehmoeÿ` dibi nmoirsi durm`ti ?6 ae`utls mj omjlr siguedl di mjolnlj aitájeol. Jm lbsirvmoeÿ` dibi nmoirsi seiapri ol` lbhitevl di e`airseÿ`, riolai`dí`dlsi nm nmoi oirr u` u`m m vmjl vmjlrm rmoe oeÿ` ÿ` ou oum` m`tetetm tmtetevm vm di jl jlss bm bmoe oejl jlss pris prisi` i`ti tiss i` jm au auis istr trm m. _i lbsirvmrí tldl u` jmrgl di jm ixti`seÿ` ce`mjezm`dl ij rioui`tl se nmy aís di =6 bmoejls plr já`im. _e nmy ai`ls di =6 bmoejls plr já`im si iciotumrí ij rioui`tl i` dls já`ims aís y si ixprismrí ij risujtmdl olal bmoejls x ?J _e i` jm preairm já`im rimjezmals u` rioui`tl di aís di 96 bmoejls, `l si ol`te`um ij rioui`tl y si e`clram olal aís di 96 BMMR /= J Ltrm clram di e`clramr jls rioui`tls oum`tetmtevl oum`tetmtevlss di BMMR is jm seguei`ti8  Musi`oem di BMMR BMMR Di = m 5 BMMR / =J 6@¸ di bmoejls Di =6 m 55 BMMR /=J + Di = m =6 BMMR / omapl ++ Aís di =6 BMMR / omapl +++

=) Vrigu`tms di ricjixeÿ` ]uå puidi am`ecistmr Ystid, rispiotl m jm jiy @¶ ?62>7 slbri jiy di privi`oeÿ` y ol`trlj di jm TBO i` ij Virø< U qui ltrms ltrms tåo`eoms si puidi rimjez rimjezmr mr pmrm jm edi`teceomoeÿ` dij bmoejl di Klon Is u`m jiy qui tei`i ij lbhitl di rigujmr jls aiom`esals di mrteoujmoeÿ` i`tri jls siotlris e`vljuormdls e`vljuormdls i` jm privi`oeÿ` y ij ol`trlj di jm tubiroujl tubiroujlses, ses, msá gmrm`tezm` gmrm`tezm`dl dl jm olbirturm y ol`te`uedmd di u`m pljáteom di istmdl di juonm ol`trm istm i`ciraidmd. Vmrm Vmr m ol` ol`cer ceramr amr l di disom somrtm rtmrr qu qui i jm aui auistr strm m ol` ol`ti` ti`gm gm aeo aeolbm lbmoti otirem remss mab mabei ei`tm `tmjis jis smprlcetms (olal i` ij omsl di jm lre`m qui risujtm ol` bmoejlsolpem plsetevm) l, ixoipoel`mjai`ti pmtÿgi`ms. Am`eceisti Ystid plrqui is eaplrtm`ti ol`loir ij cu`dmai`tl di jm oljlrmoeÿ` di Grma. Is di grm` eaplrtm`oem i` Aeorlbeljlgám plrqui piraeti deciri`oemr dls grm`dis grupls di bmotirems (Grma+ y Grma-), sigø` si olaplrti` m`ti istm te`oeÿ`. Ij cu`dmai`tl rmdeom i` jm deciri`ti istruoturm di jm pmrid oijujmr di mabls grupls8 jms bmotirems Grma+ tei`i` u`m gruism ompm di piptedlgjeom`l i` su pmrid, aei`trms qui jms jms bm bmoti otire rems ms Gr Grma ma-- tei` tei`i` i` u` u`m m om ompm pm di pipt pipted edlg lgjejeom om`l `l aí aíss ce`m ce`m y u`m u`m ompm ompm jeplpljesmomrádeom jeplplje smomrádeom ixtir`m. Jm te`oeÿ` di Grma is u`m pruibm øtej y di cíoej rimjezmoeÿ` qui piraeti deciri`oemr jms dlspre`oepmjis ojmsis di bmotirems ol` ij lbhitl di e`stmurmr u` trmtmaei`tl.

 

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Bebjelgrmcám (Sm`oluvir) 

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Idumrdl Idumr dl _m`tma _m`tmabrl brlsel sel,, Amrtm Amrtm Lrtigm Lrtigm,, Vmbjl Vmbjl M. Gmrebm Gmrebmjde jde.. OMTIDR OMTIDRM M DI BELTI BEL TIO@L O@LJLG JLGEM8 EM8266 2665[o 5[oetm etmdl dl 4 di amyl amyl 2665Q; 2665Q; 46(2?) 46(2?) Despl`e Despl`ebji bji i` 8 nttps8//www.crrl.ut`.idu.mr/riplsetlrel/omtidrms/queaeom/9\m`el/beltio`ljlgem/p rmoteol4.pdc  A.omrb A.om rbmh mhmr mr vmji vmjirr .T .Te` e`oe oeÿ` ÿ` di Grma Grma 82 8266 667[ 7[oe oetm tmdl dl 3 di mb mbre rejj di dijj 26 2667 67Q; Q; 26(>).Despl`ebji i` nttp8//www.puoaaste.idu.dl/wibsesi/istudem`ti/amtirems/26=226=?2/_T-BEL2?=-V-67=/BEL-2?=%26VRMOTEOM%262 2?=-V-67=/BEL-2?=%2 6VRMOTEOM%262%262-=2-=?.pdc  %262-=2-=?.pdc  Cijepi G. Mjvmris .Cu`dmai`tl di jm Te`oeÿ` di Grma8 266? [oetmdl 2 di mbrej 266?Q; 266? Q; =2(4). =2(4). Despl`eb Despl`ebji ji i` 8 nttps8//is.sorebd.ola/dlo/9?3>27>/Cu`dmai`tlsdi-jm-te`oel`-di-Grma

 @iede @. Viriz .Te`oel` di Grma8 2665 [oetmdl 29 di siteiabri 2665Q =3(3). Despl`ebji i` 8 nttp8//is.sjedisnmri.`it/Jedy`m/te`oe`-di-grma Rlyir A. Rldreg Rlyir Rldreguiz uiz.. Cu`dma Cu`dmai`t i`tls ls y tåo`eom tåo`eomss di m`íjese m`íjesess aeorlb aeorlbelj eljÿg ÿgeol eolss Aeol Ae olbm bmot otire irems ms88 26 266> 6> [o [oet etmd mdl l =9 di lo lotu tubr brii 26 266> 6>QQ =6 =6(4 (4). ). De Desp spl` l`eb ebji ji i` i`88 nttp8//pirsl.wm`mdll.is/sirgelrma=/aeolbmotirems=.nta

Amreiji`m Rldreguis ]. Oljlrmoel`is8 26=9[oetmdl 2 di cibrirl 26=9Q ?6(22). Despl`ebji i`8 nttp8//is.sjedisnmri.`it/Orystmj@egnt4/oljlrmoel`is-aeorlbeljlgem Jues Ismø Jÿpiz, Aijessm Nir`í`diz. Jms te`oel`is bíseoms i` ij jmblrmtlrel di aeor ae orlb lbel eljl jlgá gám8 m826 26=? =?[o [oet etmd mdl l 4 di lotu lotubr brii 26 26=? =?QQ 26 26(3 (3). ).De Desp spl` l`eb ebji ji i` 8 nttp8//www.aidegrmpneo.ola/pdcs/e`vdes/er-26=4/er=4=b.pdc