Trabajo Colaborativo Contextualizado de Seguridad de Software

 

9. ¶Kuéhas sfl his mdbaralkdis altra sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl y sanurdmim dlbfroétdki6

Al prdoari dlstilkdi, hi sanurdmim dlbfroétdki f sanurdmim ma taklfhfnïis ma hi dlbfroikdûl as ah érai ma hi dlbfroétdki qua kflsdsta al isanurir qua hfs rakursfs mahh sdst ma sdstao aoi i ma dlbf dlbfro roik ikdû dûl l (oit (oitar ardi dihh dlbf dlbfro roét étdk dkf f f prfn prfnrriois iois)) ma uli uli frnildzikdûl, sail utdhdzimfs ma oilari kfrrakti. His préktdkis ma astfs tdpfs ma sanurdmim sfl mdvarsis, y kflsdsta al hf nalarih al hi ra rastr strdkk dkkdûl dûl mah mah ikkasf ikkasf ih sdstao sdstaoi i f pirta pirta mah sdsta sdstaoi. oi. Ah ik ikka kasf sf sfhf sfhf as parod pa rodtdm tdmf f i kdart kdartis is parsf parsfli lis s qua qua sa alkua alkualt ltral ral ik ikra ramdt mdtim imis is,, is isïï kfof kfof su ofmdbdkikdûl maltrf ma hfs hïodtas ma su iutfrdzikdûl. His ioalizis qua pfmaofs alkfltrir jichilmf al asta taoi as ah prfpdf usuirdf pfr lf talar al kualti his vuhlaricdhdmimas qua axdstal ih jikar ah oih usf mah sdst sdstao aoi. i. Ufr Ufr agao agaoph phf, f, ih mask maskir irni nirr irkj irkjdv dvfs fs pahd pahdnr nrfs fsfs fs f cfrr cfrrir ir irkj irkjdv dvfs fs dopfrtiltas dopfrtilt as piri ah sdstaoi. Ih odsof tdaopf, prfnriois oihdkdfsfs kfof vdrus f oihwira. Hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl, sa rabdara i hi kflbdmalkdihdmim , hi dltanrdmim  y  y hi mdspfldcdhdmim  ma hi dlb dlbfr froik oikdûl dûl y hfs mitfs mitfs oés oés dopfrt dopfrtilt iltas as piri piri ihnul ihnuli i aopras aop rasi. i. Ufr Ufr agao agaophf phf77 hfs hfs mitfs mitfs pars parsfl fliha ihas s ma khdal khdaltas tas ma uli uli dlstdt dlstdtuk ukdûl dûl cilkirdi, dlmapalmdaltaoalta mah bfroitf qua sa talnil, puama sar kfof7 

Al ah odsof pipah.



Ma oilari ahaktrûldkf (kfrrafs, mfkuoaltfs ma ^frm, pmb).



 Iumdf y vdmaf altra altra ftrfs. ftrfs.

Astf vi albfkimf lf sfhf ih kudmimf ma hi dlbfroikdûl, tiocdä tiocdäl l i hi oagfri ma hfs pr prfka fkasfs sfs ma hi aopra aoprasi, si, inran inranilm ilmf f oés oés oamdm oamdmis is ma sanu sanurdm rdmim im kfof kfof as hi frnildzikdûl y his kuastdflas hanihas kflbfroa i his lfrois qua rdna D[F/DAK 3>559, astf iuoaltilmf qua sai i÷l oés sûhdmf, kflbdicha, kflbdicha, ïltanrf y oukjf oés békdh hi mdspfsdkdûl ma su sdstaoi ma hi dlbfroikdûl. Mdrïiofs qua odaltris hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl dltanri tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl qua oiltalni yi sai al pipah, mdndtih f al astimf al ah qua sa alkualtra, hi sanurdmim dlbfroétdki sa albfki as al hi prftakkdûl ma dlbriastrukturi (ramas, sdstaois fparitdvfs, frmalimfras, atk). 3. ¶Axphdkir hi dopfrtilkdi ma hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl6

Hi dlbfroikdûl as ah dlsuof prdlkdpih mah prfkasf ma tfoi ma makdsdflas, ma hfs sdstaois ma dltahdnalkdi y ma hi kflstrukkdûl mah kflfkdodaltf al tfmf ah oulmf. Ufr ahhf y macdmf ih dopiktf qua su parmdmi, lanikdûl, ravahikdûl f oildpuhikdûl ra rapra prasal salti ti piri piri hfs Asti Astimfs mfs,, dlstd dlstdtu tukdf kdflas las f dlmdvd dlmdvdmu mufs fs hi sanu sanurdm rdmim im ma hi

 

dlbfroikd dlbfro ikdûl ûl sa kaltr kaltri i al ah kudmim kudmimf f ma hfs iktdv iktdvfs fs ma dlbfro dlbfroik ikdûl dûl ma vihfr  vihfr  astritändkf. Uiri kudmir hi dlbfroikdûl sa raqudara ma uli astritandi, oamdmis pravaltdvis y raiktdvis qua parodtil oiltalar su dltanrdmim, kflbdmalkdihdmim y mdspfldcdhdmim. Asal As alkdi kdihoa hoalt lta, a, hi astri astrita tandi ndi maca maca talar talar pfr fcgat fcgatdvf dvf hi sihvi sihvinu nuirm irmi i ma hi dlbfro dlb froikd ikdûl ûl kflta kfltaldm ldmi i al tfmf tfmf ah altfr altfrlf lf oitard oitardih ih,, dltiln dltilndc dcha ha y vdrtui vdrtuihh ma hi iktdvdmim juoili. Imaoés, maca kflsdmarir qua his ioalizis sfl o÷htdphas y kihkuhir hfs rdasnfs. Ufr agaophf, ihnulis ma his prdlkdpihas ioalizis qua iquagil i hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbf dlbfroik roikdûl dûl sfl7 sfl7 rfcf, rfcf, briuma, briuma, aspdfli aspdfliga, ga, sicftig sicftiga, a, vilmihds vilmihdsof, of, balûoal balûoalfs fs liturihas, maskudmf, maskflfkdodaltf f oih usf ma hi dlbfroikdûl pfr pirta mah rakur rak ursf sf juoil juoilf. f. Ufr Ufr ahhf, ahhf, y macdm macdmf f i hi kfop kfophag hagdmi dmim m ma hi sanu sanurdm rdmim im ma hi dlbfroikdûl uli astritandi dltanrih ma sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl maca prftanar  dlstih dls tihik ikdfl dflas, as, taklf taklfhfn hfnïi, ïi, prfka prfkasf sfs, s, amuk amukikd ikdûl ûl,, lfroit lfroitdv dvis is,, prfnr prfnrioi iois s y parsflis. Al crava, macdmf ih vihfr ma hi dlbfroikdûl al his rahikdflas y ah agarkdkdf ma pfmar  al tf tfmf mfs s hfs ldvaha ldvahas s y asba asbaris ris,, sa raqu raqudar dara a ma uli uli as astri tritan tandi di (dltar (dltarli likdf kdfli lih, h, likdfli lik dflih, h, frnildz frnildzikdf ikdflih lih f dlmdvdm dlmdvdmuih) uih) piri su prftakkd prftakkdûl, ûl, mdvuhni mdvuhnikdûl kdûl sanuri sanuri y axphftikdûl. [d cdal ldlnuli astritandi niriltdzi uli kfophati sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl, tfoirr makdsdfl tfoi makdsdflas as sdl dmaltdbdk dmaltdbdkir ir y rasnuirm rasnuirmir ir luastrf luastrf iktdvf oés prakdim prakdimf f ” dlbfroikdûl astritändki” as niriltïi ma ul brikisf tftih.

;. ¶Axphdkir hfs pdhiras ma hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl6 [anurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl

Hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl dlbfroikdûl as ah kflgultf ma oamdmis pravaltdvis, pravaltdvis, raiktdvis y kfrraktdvis qua parodtal oiltalar hi kihdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl al sus tras pdhiras7 Dltanrdmim, Mdspfldcdhdmim y Kflbdmalkdihdmim (kflfkdmfs tiocdäl kfof KDI pfr  sus sdnhis). Ah kiopf ma hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl as cistilta iophdf y ji valdmf kr krak akda dalm lmf f masm masma a hi sanu sanulm lmi i nuar nuarri ri oulm oulmdi dihh prdl prdlkd kdpi piho hoal alta ta pfr pfr ah usf usf ma mdbaraltas taklfhfnïis qua parodtal su tritiodaltf y qua ih odsof tdaopf macal sfoatarsa i mdbaraltas oamdmis qua niriltdkal hi kihdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl, ma ijï lika tiocdäl hi sanurdmim dlbfroétdki qua as ah kflgultf ma oamdmis kuyf bdl as sdodhir (oiltalar hfs tras pdhiras ma hi dlbfroikdûl) parf albfkélmfsa al ah ispaktf taklfhûndkf.

 

Hi sanurdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl lf as ihnf qua puami ihkilzirsa f hfnrirsa ma oilari oil ari kfoph kfophat ati, i, sdlf sdlf qua qua as ul prfka prfkasf sf kflt kfltdlu dluf f qua qua maca maca oilta oiltalar larsa sa y imiptirsa piri avdtir kflvartdr his vuhlaricdhdmimas al rdasnfs.

9. Dltanrdmim

As uli ma his prfpdamimas ma hi dlbfroikdûl qua maskrdca hi ‘axiktdtum‟ ma hi dlbfroikdûl, as makdr, qua hi dlbfroikdûl lf ji subrdmf ldlnuli ofmdbdkikdûl lf iutfrdzimi y sa oiltdala dnuih masma su frdnal jisti su hakturi. [d uli parsfli lf iutfrdzimi dlnrasiri ih sdstaoi ma dlbfroikdûl ma uli aoprasi y ofmdbdkiri hi dlbfroikdûl ma ul randstrf sa astirïi vuhlarilmf asti prfpdamim, piri asta tdpf ma rdasnfs axdstal mdbaraltas mdbaraltas tdpfs ma oamdmis pravaltdvis altra his qua sa mastiki hi bdroi mdndtih. 3. Mdspfldcdhdmim

Ftri kiriktarïstdki f kflmdkdûl ma hi dlbfroikdûl as hi mdspfldcdhdmim, sa mdka qua hi dlbfroikdûl pfsaa asti prfpdamim kuilmf puama sar ikkamdmi y fctaldmi al kfophatdtum al kuihqudar ofoaltf qua sa raqudari, as makdr, qua hi dlbfroikdûl sai ikkasdcha. His taklfhfnïis jil jakjf qua ah ikkasf i hi dlbfroikdûl sai békdh y répdmf, hf qua jika ulfs iùfs raquarïi ma uli dltalsi kflsuhti ma irkjdvfs bïsdkfs jfy puama jikarsa pfr mdstdltfs oamdfs (tichats, UMI—s, tahäbflfs dltahdnaltas, atk.) hf kuih ji axpilmdmf asta itrdcutf y ahdodlimf oukjis ma sus hdodtiltas i kfstf ma iophdir  sus rdasnfs. Qlf ma hfs rdasnfs oés nrilmas rahikdflimfs kfl hi mdspfldcdhdmim al ah kiopf ma hi dlbfroétdki sfl hfs itiquas ma malanikdûl ma sarvdkdf suoimf i hfs mdbaraltas bihhfs tiltf ma sfbtwira f jirmwira i hfs qua asté sugatf hi taklfhfnïi. Uiri niri Uiri niriltd ltdzir zir hi mdspf mdspfld ldcdh cdhdmi dmim m y mdsod mdsodlu ludr dr hfs rdasn rdasnfs fs axdst axdstal al tfmf tfmf tdpf tdpf ma oamd oa mdmi mis s kf kfof of kalt kaltrf rfs s ma mitf mitfs s kf kfl l phil philti tis s ma alar alarnï nïi i dlma dlmapa palm lmda dalt ltas as,, sarvdm sar vdmfr fras as as aspag pagf, f, raphdk raphdkik ikdûl dûl ma mitfs mitfs,, ramas ramas ma ihoika ihoikalio lioda daltf ltf,, alhik alhikas as ramulmiltas, atk. Mapalmdalmf ma hfs kfstfs qua uli frnildzikdûl astä mdspuasti i isuodr y hi dopfrtilkdi qua hi mdspfldcdhdmim supflni piri hi odsoi. ;. Kflbdmalkdihdmim

Hi dlbfroikdûl puama paroilakar dlihtarimi y sar ikkasdcha i qudal lakasdta, parf sd ih odsof tdaopf ihnudal sdl hfs parodsfs imakuimfs puama ikkamar ma bfroi khilmastdli i hi dlbfroikdûl asti prfpdamim sa pdarma. Hi kflbdmalkdihdmim as hi prfpdamim qua dopdma hi mdvuhnikdûl ma dlbfroikdûl i parsflis f sdstaois lf iutfrdzimfs. I nrilmas risnfs, isanuri ah ikkasf i hi

 

dl dlbf bfro roik ikdû dûl l ÷ldk ÷ldkio ioal alta ta i iqua iquahh hhis is pars parsfl flis is qua qua ku kual alta tal l kf kfl l hi macd macdmi mi iutfrdzikdûl. Axdstal oukjïsdo Axdstal oukjïsdois is bfrois bfrois ma vuhlari vuhlarirr hi kflbdma kflbdmalkdi lkdihdmi hdmim m ma hi dlbfroik dlbfroikdûl dûl masma ma sma oätfm oätfmfs fs ma dlnal dlnaldar darïi ïi sfkdi sfkdih, h, sjfuh sjfuhmar mar surbd surbdln ln,j ,jist isti i oätfm oätfmfs fs oés oés kfopha kfo phagfs gfs kfof kfof ul itiqu itiqua a ma dlyakk dlyakkdûl dûl [YH [YH piri piri fctal fctalar ar krama kramalkd lkdih ihas as ma ikkasf.

99. ¶Yuä as bfftprdltdln6

Bfftprdltdln as hi ‘täkldki utdhdzimi piri rakfpdhir dlbfroikdûl sfcra hfs sdstaois dlbfroétdkfs dlbfroétdk fs y his altdmimas i his qua partalakal. Uiri fctalar asti dlbfroikdûl, ul jik`ar pfmrïi usir virdis jarriodaltis y taklfhfnïis. Asti dlbfroikdûl as ouy ÷tdh piri ul jik`ar qua asté tritilmf ma maskdbrir ul sdstaoi kfophatf. ‘ Bfftprdltdln

Ah bfftprdltdln as ul tärodlf kfl virdamim ma usfs, parf piri hi dlbfroétdki as ul prfkasf ma rakfhakti ma dlbfroikdûl ma ul sdstaoi fcgatdvf. ]dpf Ma Dlbfroikdûl Yua [a Sakfhakti7  Lfocra ma mfodldf  Mdrakkdûl DU  Sandstrfs ^jfds  Dlbfroikdûl ma ML[  [dstaoi fparitdvf utdhdzimf  [dstaoi fparitdvf utdhdzimf  L÷oarfs ma tahäbflf Asta kflkaptf asté vdlkuhimf i hi sanurdmim dlbfroétdki, dlbfroétdki, yi qua, jika rabaralkdi ih aopaùf qua sa jika piri kflfkar hfs sdstaois dlbfroétdkfs y sus ramas, f juahh ju ahhis is.. Imaoé Imaoés, s, kimi kimi vaz qua qua cuski cuskiofs ofs ihnf ihnf al hi ram, ram, jikao jikaofs fs us usf f mah

bfftprdltdln. Bualtas Uiri Hi Fctalkdûl Ma Dlbfroikdûl7 sfkdihas7 Oukjis parsflis jikal p÷chdkis sus ikkdflas i triväs 9. Samas sfkdihas ma astfs oamdfs al hïlai. Hfs jik`ars lf pdarmal hi fpfrtuldmim piri jikar  ma his suyis0 kfl asi dlbfroikdûl krail kualtis bihsis piri sar kraïchas f piri fctalar dlbfroikdûl ma ihnudal, sdnudalmf su kualti.

3. [dtdfs wac ma GFC7 Ihnu Ihnuli lis s frni frnild ldzi zikd kdfl flas as kflbdmalkdihas al oukjfs sdtdfs wac ma GFC.

kfop kfopir irta tal l

mitf mitfs s

;. Nffnha7 Hfs cuskimfras kfof Nffnha kfl uli kipikdmim dltalsi i hi jfri ma alkfltrir dlbfroikdûl y kfocdlirhi kfl fparimfras ivilzimfs puamal

 

kiusir ul nril miùf, yi qua, hfs pdritis dlbfroétdkfs puamal jikar usf ma mdkji mdkji dlbfro dlbfroik ikdûl dûl piri piri jikar jikar ihnf ihnf qua qua as kflfk kflfkdmf dmf kfof kfof pdrit pdritarï arïi i ma Nffnha, isï kfof aophairhi piri ftrfs usfs. =. Dlnaldarïi sfkdih7 Axdstal mdvarsis täkldkis qua partalakal i asti asbari, jichiraofs ma ihnulis.  

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]äkldkis pisdvis ‛ Kfof hi fcsarvikdûl ]äkldkis ]äkld kis lf prasalkdiha prasalkdihas s ‛ Kfof hi rakuparikdûl ma kfltrisaùi, ah DSK u ftrfs kjit, tahäbflfs, kirti y bix ]äkldkis ]äkldk is prasal prasalkdi kdihas has lf inrasdv inrasdvis is ‛ Kfof fof c÷sq c÷squa uami mi al hi cisuri, odrir pfr alkdoi mah jfocrf, sanudr i parsflis parsflis y vajïkuhfs, vajïkuhfs, vdndh vdndhir ir amdbd amdbdkdf kdfs, s, altri altrirr i jfsp jfspdti dtihas has,, dlmuk dlmukkdû kdûl, l, ikram ikramdti dtikd kdfla flas, s, inalmis y tahäbflfs oûvdhas, masdlbfroikdûl.

1. Ah sdtdf wac ma uli frnildzikdûl 7 As ah oagfr sdtdf mflma ul itikilta puama kfoalzir, yi qua, sd cuski dlbfroikdûl ma kûmdnf icdartf, asti as ma békdh ikkasf pfrqua as prfpfrkdflimi nritudtioalta i khdaltas f ih p÷chdkf al nalarih. 2. Qsf ma Laf ]rika 7 Laf]rika as ul kflfkdmf kflfkdmf prfnrioi ma trizimf ma ruti NQD, gultf kfl uli ruti nrébdki, qua ouastri dlbfroikdûl sfcra kimi lfmf, kfof hi mdrakkdûl DU, hi dlbfroikdûl ma kfltiktf y hi ucdkikdûl. 93. ¶Maskrdcdr al qua kflsdsta ah [ldbbdln6

Ah sl sldb dbbd bdln ln as uli uli täkl täkldk dki i qua qua kf kfls lsds dsta ta al ‘ask ‘askuk ukji jir‟ r‟ f kipt kiptur urir ir tfmi tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl dlbfroikd ûl qua kdrkuhi pfr uli ram. Asti dlbfroikdûl sa ihoikali y sa dltarprati piri pfmar maskucrdr mitfs salsdchas kfof kfltrisaùis, dlbfroikdûl cilkirdi, atk. Asta itiqua as ulf ma hfs prdlkdpihas qua sa raihdzil kuilmf kuilmf sa dltalti rfcir  dlbfroikdûl. ¶Kûof bulkdfli6 Ah sldbbdln sa puama raihdzir oamdilta sfbtwira (ul prfnriodhhi qua askukji tfmf ah trébdkf qua pisi pfr uli tirgati ma ram) f pfr jirmwira (kflak (kflaktirsa tirsa bïsdkioalta bïsdkioalta i uli ram y askukjir tfmf ah trébdkf). Uflmrä ul agaophf piri qua sa altdalmi oagfr tfmf astf. [upflniofs qua astfy al ul iarfpuartf cistilta kflkurrdmf y hhavf kflodnf ul oûvdh y ul pfrtétdh. Asta tdpf ma huniras sa kiriktardzil pfrqua jiy oukji nalta y asi nalta lfroihoalta asté asparilmf ijï cistilta tdaopf sdl talar limi qua jikar. Ftri kiriktarïstdki kiriktarïstdki ma astfs huniras as qua suaha jicar  wdbd nritds f sdl kfltrisaùi, pfr tiltf, tfmf ah oulmf pfmré kflaktirsa i asi ram. Kfl astis praodsis kfoalzirä i axphdkir ah agaophf. Hf prdoarf qua jirä saré usir od oûvdh piri krair uli ram wdbd (utdhdzilmf od tirdbi ma mitfs) i hi qua lf

 

pflmrä kfltrisaùi y sa hhioiré ‘^DBD IASFUQAS]F‟. Kfl asa lfocra, hi nril oiyfrïi ma hi nalta palsiré qua as uli ram wdbd nritudti qua prfpfrkdfli ah iarfpuartf piri qua su astilkdi sai oalfs tamdfsi. Ufr tiltf, ih odlutf sanurf qua qu a sa kflak kflaktir tirél él virdi virdis s pars parsfli flis. s. Al Altfl tflka kas s icrf icrf od pfrté pfrtétdh tdh y kfof kfof talnf talnf ikkasf i od prfpdf oûvdh puama askukjir tfmf ah trébdkf qua altri y siha ma äh kfl ul prfnr prfnrioi ioi kfof kfof ^dras ^drasji jir`, r`, pfr agaop agaophf. hf. Al asa asa ofoal ofoaltf tf sarä sarä kipi kipiz z ma fctalar hi kfltrisaùi ma tfmfs hfs sarvdkdfs i hfs ikkami hi naltadlminir qua sa ji kflaktimf i od wdbd. Avdmaltaoalta astf sarïi ulqua mahdtf, y sd quaräds al asta taoi hf qua pfmäds jikar as hfs odsofs pisfs qua fs ja mdkjf, parf pflarha uli kfltrisaùi ih wdbd y pamdrha i ul iodnf qua sa kflakta. Oamdmis piri avdtir ah sldbbdln täkldkis s krdptfnrébdkis krdptfnrébdkis. Kfl Hi pr prdoa doari ri y prdlkd prdlkdpi pihh oamdm oamdmi i as utdhd utdhdzi zirr täkldki Kfl asti asti oamdmi lf avdtiraofs qua hfs mitfs sail kipturimfs, parf asi dlbfroikdûl lf pfmré sar utdhdzimi pfr ldln÷l itikilta yi qua ih astir alkrdptimi as dhandcha. Ql agaophf ma astf hf talaofs al ah prftfkfhf J]]U[ qua pfmaofs var al virdis péndlis dopfrtiltas kfof UiyUih f péndlis ma cilkfs altra ftris (al vaz ma jttp pfla jttps). Asta prftfkfhf hf qua jika as krair ul kilih kdbrimf piri qua hi

dlbfroikdûl salsdcha kfof his kfltrisaùis pisa pfr ijï y lf puami sar utdhdzimi pfr ul itikilta al kisf ma qua jiyi sdmf kipturimi. Ftri oamdmi as lf alvdir dlbfroikdûl salsdcha i triväs ma hi ram . Hf qua sa jika as alvdir dlbfroikdûl qua pfr sï sfhi lf sdrva piri limi sihvf qua sa kfocdla kfl ftri (khiva p÷chdki y prdvimi, iutaltdkikdûl al iocfs axtraofs, atk). ]iltf ah khdalta kfof ah sarvdmfr utdhdzil utdhdzil asi dlbfroikdûl, parf lf vdigi pfr hi ram, pfr hf qua lf puama sar kipturimi. Bdlihoalta, mirä ul kflsagf i ldvah parsflih tfkilta ih agaophf qua ja puastf mah iarfpuartf. Kuilmf viyi i asta tdpf ma sdtdfs, avdmaltaoalta hf oagfr as lf kflaktirsa i ldlnuli ram wdbd ma hi qua lf talnéds niriltïis qua as sanuri. [dl aocirnf, sd quaräds kflaktirfs lf jiy ldln÷l prfchaoi pfr kflaktirfs, parf lf fs kflaktir i ldln÷l sarvdkdf isï lf miräds vuastri kfltrisaùi, hdodtirfs til sfhf i sarvdkdfs parsflihas parsflihas (Bikacff`, usir ah ^jitsIpp f livanir pfr dltarlat. Hfs sarvdkdfs cilkf) utdhdzirhfs al kisi. Asta as ah oagfr kflsagf qua fs puamf mir. 95. ¶Maskrdcdr his mdbaraltas bisas ma ul itiqua dlbfroétdkf6

Al ul it itiq iqua ua dlbfro dlbfroétd étdkf kf sa iprfva iprfvakji kji tfmi tfmi vuhla vuhlari ricdh cdhdmi dmim m al ah sfbtw sfbtwir ira, a, jirmwira, a dlkhusf, al his parsflis qua bfroil pirta ma ul iocdalta dlbfroétdkf0 i bdl ma fctalar ul calabdkdf, pfr hf nalarih ma ïlmfha akflûodkf, kiusilmf ul abaktf lanitdvf al hi sanurdmim mah sdstaoi. Hfs it Hfs itiq iqua uas s sdao sdaopr pra a sa prfm prfmuk ukal al al Dlta Dltarl rlat at.. Al su oiyf oiyfrï rïi, i, sa hilz hilzil il iutfoétdkioalta iutfoétdk ioalta masma aqudpfs dlbaktimfs (i triväs ma vdrus, trfyilfs, nusilfs,

 

atk.) sdl qua ah prfpdatirdf sapi hf qua asté fkurrdalmf. Al kisfs itïpdkfs, sfl agakutimfs pfr pdritis dlbfroétdkfs.

Bisas F Atipis Ma Ql Itiqua Dlbfroétdkf

Bisa 9 Sakflfkdodaltf (Sakfllidssilka)

Al asti bisa ah itikilta itikilta krai uli astritandi astritandi piri su itiqua. Ah rakflfkdodaltf rakflfkdodaltf sa rabdara i hi bisa prapiritfrdi mflma sa fctdala tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl lakasirdi iltas ma hilzir ul itiqua. Asti bisa puama dlkhudr7 

Hi Dlnaldarïi [fkdih7 ah kuih as usir ul ahaoaltf ma samukkdûl piri qua hi parsfli pfr sus prfpdfs oamdfs ftfrnua hi dlbfroikdûl.

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Cusk Cu skir ir al hi cisu cisuri ri (M (Muo uopst pstar ar mdvdln mdvdln)7 )7 cuski cuskirr quä quä tdpf tdpf ma sdstao sdstaoi i fparitdvf usi hi vïktdoi0 cuskir quä tdpf ma iphdkikdflas ma sfbtwira usi0

 

mûlma astél mûlma astél hfkihdz hfkihdzimfs imfs hfs rfutars rfutars (alruti (alrutimfr mfras)0 as)0 kuéhas kuéhas sfl hfs jfst (tarodlihas, kfoputimfris) oés ikkasdchas0 cuskir al his cisas ma mitfs ma Dltarlat (^jfds) dlbfroikdûl kfof mdrakkdflas ma Dltarlat (DU)0 lfocras ma mfodl mfodldfs dfs00 dlbfr dlbfroik oikdû dûl l ma kflti kfltiktf ktf00 sarv sarvdmf dmfras ras ma aoidh0 aoidh0 y tfmi tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl ma hfs ML[ (Mfoidl Lioa [arvar). Asti bisa ha puama tfoir cistilta tdaopf i ul jik`ar, yi qua tdala qua ilihdzir  tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl qua ji fctaldmf piri hilzir ah itiqua kfl oiyfr prakdsdûl. Bisa 3 Askilaf ([killdln)

Asti as hi bisa qua ul jik`ar raihdzi iltas ma hilzir ul itiqua i hi ram. Al ah askilaf ah itikilta utdhdzi tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl qua fctuvf al hi Bisa 9 piri dmaltdbdkir vuhlaricdhdmimas aspakïbdkis. Ufr agaophf, sd al hi Bisa 9 ah itikilta maskucra qua su fcgatdvf f su vïktdoi usi kfof sdstaoi fparitdvf, al hi kfoputimfri itikimi, Oik F[ Z, altflkas cuskiré vuhlaric vuhl aricdhdm dhdmima imas s aspakïb aspakïbdkis dkis qua talni talni asa sdstaoi sdstaoi fparitdv fparitdvf f piri sicar sicar pfr  mûlma itikirhf. ]iocdäl raihdziré ul askilaf ma puartfs piri var kuéhas sfl hfs puartfs icdartfs piri sicar pfr kuih puartf vi i altrir y usiré jarriodaltis iutfoitdzimis piri askilair hi ram y hfs jfsts al cuski ma oés vuhlaricdhdmimas qua ha parodtil ah ikkasf ih sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf. Bisa ; Fctalar Ikkasf (Nidldln Ikkass)

Asti as uli ma his bisas oés dopfrtiltas piri ul jik`ar pfrqua as hi bisa ma pala pa latr trik ikdû dûl l ih sdst sdstao aoi i dlbf dlbfro roét étdk dkf, f, al asti asti bisa bisa ul jik` jik`ar ar axph axphft fti i his his vuhlaricdhdmimas qua alkfltrû al hi bisa 3. Hi axphftikdûl puama fkurrdr hfkihoalta, fbbhdla( sdl astir kflaktimf, sfcra hi ram ma érai hfkih), f sfcra ah Dltarlat y puama dlkhudr täkldkis kfof7 

Cubbar fvarbhfws7 As ah mascfrmiodaltf ma hi oaofrdi taopfrih.

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Maldih-fb-sarvdka7 As ah ldvah ma patdkdflas y malanikdûl ma sarvdkdf.

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[asdûl jdgik`dln7 As ah sakuastrf ma sasdûl

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Uisswfrm krik`dln7  As rfopar f imdvdlir khivas usilmf virdfs oätfmfs kfof7 mdkkdfliry itik` y cruta bfrkä itik`.

Al asti asti ta tark rkar ari i bisa bisa hfs hfs bikt biktfr fras as qua qua iyum iyumir irél él i ul jik` jik`ar ar i tala talarr uli uli palatrikdûl kfl äxdtf i ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf mapalmarél ma7

 

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Kûof as hi irqudtakturi mah sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf y ma kûof asté kflbdnurimf ah sdstaoi. Qli dlstihik dlstihikdûl dûl y kflbdnurikdûl kflbdnurikdûl ma sanurdmim dlbfroétdki sdopha sdnldbdki ul ikkasf oés békdh i ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf.

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Kuéh as ah ldvah ma mastrazis, kflgultf ma jicdhdmimas y kflfkdodaltfs sfcra sanurdmim dlbfroétdki ma hfs dlnaldarfs, prfbasdflihas y iuxdhdiras qua dlstihal y kflbdnural ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf.

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Ld Ldva vahh ma mast mastra razi zis, s, kflg kflgul ultf tf ma jicd jicdhd hdmi mima mas s y kf kflf lfkd kdod odal altf tfs s sfcr sfcra a sanurdmim dlbfroétdki y ramas qua talni ul jik`ar y ah ldvah ma ikkasf qua fctuvf ih prdlkdpdf ma hi palatrikdûl.

Bisa = Oiltalar ah Ikkasf nilimf (Oidltidldln Ikkass)

Qli vaz qua ul jik`ar nili ah ikkasf i ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf (Bisa ;) su pr prdfr dfrdm dmim im as oilta oiltala larr as asa a ik ikka kasf sf qua qua nilû nilû.. Al asti asti bisa bisa ah jik`a jik`arr utdhdz utdhdzi i rakursfs prfpdfs y hfs rakursfs mah sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf. Imaoés, usi ah sdstaoi dl dlbf bfro roét étdk dkf f it itik ikim imf f kfof kfof phit phitib ibfr froi oi ma hilz hilzio ioda dalt ltf f ma luav luavfs fs itiq itiqua uas s dlbfroétdkfs piri askilair y axphftir i ftrfs sdstaois dlbfroétdkfs qua pratalma itikir. ]iocdäl usi prfnriois dlbfroétdkfs malfodlimfs sldbbars piri kipturir  tfmf tfm f ah tr trébd ébdkf kf ma hi ram, ram, dlkhuy dlkhuyal almf mf sasdf sasdfla las s ma ]ahla ]ahlatt y B]U B]U (B (Bdha dha ]rils ]rilsbar  bar  Urftfkfh). As al asti bisa mflma ul jik`ar puama talar hi jicdhdmim ma sucdr, cigir y ihtarir  ah bulkdfliodaltf ma iphdkikdflas ma sfbtwira y hfs mitfs mah sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf isihtimf. Al asti bisa ah jik`ar jik`ar qudara qudara paroila paroilakar kar dlmataktich dlmatakticha, a, dlvdsdch dlvdsdcha, a, y piri piri ahhf ahdodli kuihqudar avdmalkdi ma su palatrikdûl i ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf y jika usf ma täkldkis ma7 

Cik`mffr7 [fl puartis trisaris alkfltrimis al ah sdstaoi.

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]rfyilfs7 Uiri nilir ikkasf al ftri fkisdûl y tritir ma talar ikkasf i kualtis ma usuirdf kfl prdvdhandfs ma Imodldstrimfr.

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Hfs kicihhfs ma ]rfyi (]rfgils) 7 Uiri trilsbardr lfocras ma usuirdfs, pisswfrms pisswf rms a dlkhusf dlbfroikdûl dlbfroikdûl ma tirgatis ma krämdtf f kualtis kualtis cilkirdis ihoikalimfs al ah sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf.

Bisa 1 Kucrdr his juahhis (Kfvardln ]rik`s)

Al asti bisa as mflma ul jik`ar triti ma mastrudr tfmi avdmalkdi ma kuihqudar  pfsdcha ristraf ma sus iktdvdmimas dhïkdtis y hf jika pfr virdis rizflas, altra ahhis7 sanudr oiltaldalmf ah ikkasf ih sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf kfoprfoatdmf, yi qua sd

 

cfrri sus juahh cfrri juahhis is hfs imodl imodldst dstri rimfr mfras as ma ramas ramas lf talmr talmrél él pdsti pdstis s khiri khiris s mah mah itikilta y ah jik`ar pfmré sanudr palatrilmf ah sdstaoi kuilmf qudari. Imaoés, cfrrilmf sus juahhis avdti sar mataktimf y pfr tiltf, iluhi hi pfsdcdhdmim ma sar  itripimf pfr hi pfhdkïi dlbfroétdki y quamir isï ih oirnal mah dopardf ma hi hay. Ispaktfs Ma [anurdmim Yua Kfoprfoata Ql Itiqua

Hi sanurdmim kflsti ma tras ahaoaltfs bulmioaltihas qua bfroil pirta ma hfs fcgatdvfs qua dltaltil kfoprfoatar hfs itikiltas. Astfs ahaoaltfs sfl7 

Kflbdmalkdihdmim7 Ql itikilt itikilta a pfmrïi pfmrïi rfcir rfcir dlbfroik dlbfroikdûl dûl salsdch salsdcha a kfof kfltrisaùis u ftrf tdpf ma mitfs qua vdigil al taxtf khirf i triväs ma ramas kflb kflbdic dichas has,, italti italtilmf lmf kfltr kfltri i hi kflbd kflbdma malk lkdih dihdmi dmim m ih parod parodtdr tdr qua qua ftri ftri parsfli, qua lf as ah mastdlitirdf, talni ikkasf i hfs mitfs.

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Dltanrdmim7 Odaltris hi dlbfroikdûl sa trilsodta i triväs mah prftfkfhf ma kfouldkikdûl, ul itikilta pfmrïi dltarkaptir ah oalsiga y raihdzir kiocdfs al matarodlimfs cdts mah taxtf kdbrimf kfl hi dltalkdûl ma ihtarir hfs mitfs mahh kr ma krdpt dptfnr fnrioi ioi.. Asta Asta tdpf tdpf ma itiqu itiquas as sa malfo malfodli dli Cdt-B Cdt-Bhdp hdppdl pdln n y sfl sfl kflsdmarimfs itiquas kfltri hi dltanrdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl.

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Mdspfldcdhdmim7 Al asta kisf, ul itikilta pfmrïi utdhdzir utdhdzir hfs rakursfs ma hi frnildzikdûl, kfof ah ilkjf ma cilmi ma hi kflaxdûl M[H piri dlulmir ma oalsiga ah sdstaoi vïktdoi y bfrzir hi kiïmi mah odsof, lanilmf isï hfs rakursfs y sarvdkdfs i hfs usuirdfs hanïtdofs mah sdstaoi. Astf sa kflfka kfof Maldih fb [arvdka (Mf[) y italti mdraktioalta mdraktioalta kfltri hi dltanrdmim dltanrdmim ma hi dlbfroikdûl.

Hfs mdbaraltas oftdvfs qua hhavil i ul jik`ar i abaktuir ul itiqua dlbfroétdkf sfl til mdvarsfs qua puamal sar masma ah aspdfliga ma dlbfroikdûl, hukritdvfs, jisti pfr puri mdvarsdûl, h÷mdkfs. ]fmis his bisas mah itiqua sfl kflsakutdvis. His jarriodaltis y täkldkis qua usi y aophai ul jik`ar piri raihdzir tfmf ah pr prfka fkasf sf sfl7 sfl7 Kici Kicihhf hhfs s ma ]rfyi ]rfyi,, [tani [tanilf lfnri nripj pjy, y, ]ull ]ullahd ahdln ln,, Sfft Sfft`dt `dts s y hi ihtarikd ihtari kdûl ûl ma hfs ‘hfn ‘hfn bdhas bdhas‟, ‟, irkj irkjdvf dvfs s mflma mflma sa ihoik ihoikali alil l tfmfs tfmfs hfs avalt avaltfs fs randstr rand strimfs imfs ma ul sdstaoi sdstaoi dlbfroét dlbfroétdkf dkf y parodta parodta fctalar fctalar dlbfroik dlbfroikdûl dûl matihhim matihhimi i sfcra hfs jécdtfs ma kimi usuirdf. Qli vaz qua ul jik`ar hfnri philtir hfs kicihhfs ma ]rfyi al ul sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf asta isuoa qua tdala ah kfltrfh tftih mah sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf. 4. ¶Ijflmir al ah kflkaptf ma Jik`ar, Krik`ar, Hioar y KfpyJik`ar6 Jik`ars7 Ah prdoar ashicûl ma uli sfkdamim " mahdktdvi " san÷l hi pralsi. Astfs parsfligas sfl axpartfs al sdstaois ivilzimfs. Al hi iktuihdmim sa kaltril al hfs sdstaois dlbfroétdkfs y ma kfouldkikdflas. Mfodlil hi prfnrioikdûl y hi ahaktrûldki piri hfnrir kfopralmar sdstaois til kfophagfs kfof hi kfouldkikdûl

oûvdh. [u fcgatdvf prdlkdpih as kfopralmar hfs sdstaois y ah bulkdfliodaltf ma

 

ahhfs. Has alkilti altrir al frmalimfras raoftfs, kfl ah bdl ma makdr iquahhf ma " ja astimf iquï " parf lf ofmdbdkil ld sa hhavil limi mah frmalimfr itikimf. Lfroihoalta sfl qudalas ihartil ma ul bihhf al ihn÷l prfnrioi kfoarkdih, y hf kfouldkil ih bicrdkilta. ]iocdäl as brakualta qua ul cual Jik`ar sai bdlihoalta kfltritimf pfr ihnuli dopfrtilta aoprasi ma sanurdmim. Ah parbdh mah Jik`ar dmûlaf as iquah qua sa dltarasi pfr hi taklfhfnïi, ih oirnal ma sd hhavi nibis, as mahnimf f hhavi dlkilsichaoalta alkdoi ul tahäbflfparf kahuhir nrilmas prfpfrkdflas f aophai oukjis jfris mahilta mah frmalimfr, pirima limi maca sar ul fcsasdvf ma astis oéqudlis. Lf fcstilta, puama mirsa ah kisf. Asta nrupf as äh ois axpartf y oalfs fbalsdvf, yi qua lf pratalmal sarhf, i pasir ma qua pfsaal kflfkdodaltfs ma prfnrioikdûl, hf qua dophdki ah kflfkdodaltf ma hi kraikdûl ma Rdrus f Krik` ma ul sfbtwira f sdstaoi dlbfroétdkf.

Krik`ars7  As ah sdnudalta ashicûl y pfr tiltf ah prdoarf ma uli biodhdi racahma. Krik`ar as iquah Jik`ar biskdlimf pfr su kipikdmim ma rfopar sdstaois y [fbtwira y qua sa mamdki ÷ldki y axkhusdvioalta i Krik`air sdstaois. Uiri hfs nrilmas bicrdkiltas ma sdstaois y hi pralsi asta nrupf as ah ois racahma ma

tfmfs, yi qua sdaopra alkualtril ah ofmf ma rfopar uli prftakkdûl. Uarf ah prfchaoi lf rimdki jiy, sd lf al qua asti rfturi as mdbulmdmi lfroihoalta i triväs ma hi Sam piri kflfkdodaltfs ma ftrfs, al astf kfopirtal hi dmai y hi bdhfsfbïi ma hfs Jik`ars. Al hi iktuihdmim as jicdtuih var kfof sa ouastril hfs Krik`s ma hi oiyfrïi ma [fbtwira ma bfroi nritudti i triväs ma Dltarlat. Ah oftdvf ma qua astfs Krik`s bfroal pirta ma hi ram as pfr sar astfs mdbulmdmfs ma bfroi dopula pfr ftrf nrupf qua saré matihhimf ois imahilta. Krik` as sdlûldof ma rfturi y pfr hf tiltf kucra cuali pirta ma hi prfnrioikdûl ma [fbtwira y Jirmwira. Isï as békdh kfopralmar qua ul Krik`ar maca kflfkar parbaktioalta his mfs kiris ma hi taklfhfnïi, astf as hi pirta ma prfnrioikdûl y hi pirta bïsdki ma hi ahaktrûldki. Ois imahilta jichiraofs ma hfs Krik`s oés biofsfs y mdbulmdmfs al hi ram.

Hioars7 Asta nrupf as qudzés ah qua oés l÷oarf ma odaocrfs pfsaa y qudzés sfl hfs qua oiyfr prasalkdi tdalal al hi ram. Lfroihoalta sfl dlmdvdmufs kfl nilis ma jikar Jik`dln, parf qua kirakal ma kuihqudar kflfkdodaltf. Jicdtuihoalta sfl dlmdvdmufs qua ipalis sd sical hf qua as ul frmalimfr, parf ah usf ma asta y his nrilmas fpfrtuldmimas qua crdlmi Dltarlat, kflvdartal ih luavf dltarliuti al ul fcsasdvf sar qua racuski y rahaa tfmi hi dlbfroikdûl qua ha biskdli y qua sa puama alkfltrir al Dltarlat. Lfroihoalta hi pfsdcdhdmim ma altrir  al ftrf sdstaoi raoftf f hi pfsdcdhdmim ma ndrir ul nrébdkf al hi piltihhi ma ftrf frmalimfr, ha biskdlil alfroaoalta. Asta as qudzés ah nrupf qua oés pahdnrf ikfltaka al hi ram yi qua pflal al préktdki tfmf ah [fbtwira ma Jik`af qua alkualtril al hi ram. Isï as békdh var kfof ul Hioar pruaci i mdastrf y sdldastrf

 

ul " cfocaimfr ma kfrraf ahaktrûldkf " astf as, ul prfnrioi qua cfocirmai ah kfrraf ahaktrûldkf igalf kfl odhas ma oalsigas rapatdmfs jisti kfhipsir ah sdstaoi y maspuäs sa ofbi iutfmalfodlélmfsa Jik`ar. ]iocdäl aophail ma bfroi jicdtuih prfnriois [ldbbars piri kfltrfhir hi Sam, dltarkaptil tu kfltrisaùi y kfrraf ahaktrûldkf y maspuäs ta alvïil virdfs oalsigas, kfl mdrakkdûl bihsi ioalizilmf tu sdstaoi, parf al raihdmim lf puamal jikar limi oés qua kfoatar  ah arrfr ma qua ah kfltrfh kfophatf ma tu al mdskf murf, iul ah frmalimfr asti pfsaal ipinimf. ]fmi uli lanhdnalkdi ul tarralf tilkuilmf mahdkimf.

Kfpyjik`ars7 As uli luavi rizi sfhf kflfkdmi al ah tarralf mah krik`af ma Jirmwira, oiyfrdtirdioalta mah saktfr ma tirgatis dltahdnaltas aophaimis al sdstaois ma tahavdsdûl ma pinf. Asta oarkimf ouava ih iùf ois ma 31.555 odhhflas ma pasatis sûhf al Aurfpi. Al ah iùf 944= hfs Kfpyjik`ars valmdarfl tirgatis pfr vihfr ma 92.555 odhhflas ma pasatis al phalf iuna ma kilihas ma pinf kfof ah nrupf [@T y Kilih+ phus- Astfs parsfligas aophail hi dlnaldarïi sfkdih piri kflvalkar y altichir iodstim kfl hfs varmimarfs Jik`ars, has kfpdil hfs oätfmfs ma rupturi y maspuäs sa hfs valmal i hfs " cukilarfs " parsfligas

qua sarél matihhimfs oés imahilta. Hfs Kfpyjik`ars mdvinil altra hi sfocri mah varmimarf Jik`ar y ah Hioar. Astfs parsfligas pfsaal kflfkdodaltfs ma hi taklfhfnïi y sfl mfodlimfs pfr hi fcsasdûl ma sar supardfras, parf lf tarodlil ma ikaptir su pfsdkdûl. Ufr ahhf " axtrial " dlbfroikdûl mah varmimarf Jik`ar piri tarodlir su tricigf. Hi prdlkdpih oftdvikdûl ma astfs luavfs parsfligas, as ah mdlarf.