Trabajo 1

 

Yrmembh ik Mgíjdsds Íjvmrh Omirdfmj Jñpkz

Kspkadmjdimi Qmxh`ñg Aursh 5>=4/5>5>

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Ïgidak =. Qh Qhgm gmtm tm DD DD…… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ……....11 5. Qd Qdad adjd jdmg mgh… h……… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………. …..; .; 1. Ah Ahga gadk dkrth rth kg Ih…… Ih………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………. …..0 .0 9. Ah Ahga gadk dkrth rth dg K om ombh bhr… r……… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………3 …3 ;. Kj Ok Oksï sïms ms…… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ……===

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=. Qhgmtm DD Mgtks ik ahokgtmr kstm shgmtm ik Emac vhy m ahokgzmr phr cmejmr erkvkokgtk sherk kj ahophsdthr.. Bhcmgg Qkemstdmg `uk ug oòsdah y ahophsdthr mjkoíg gmadih kg Kdskgmac kg ahophsdthr =03;. ^rhakiïm ik ugm `modjdm prhjï`dam ik oòsdahs ik jm rkprkskgtmem jm qudgtm fkgkrmadñg. Qu pmirk Bhcmgg Moerhsdus Emac, su ckromgh omyhr y ug prdoh ik su pmirk jh dgdadmrhg kg jm oòsdam. Kstuidñ sdkgih muthidimatm trmembmgih dgtkgsmokgtk. Emac krm ug vdrtuhsh kg vmrdhs dgstruokgths ahoh kg kj vdhjïg y kg jm vdhjm, pkrh kspkadmjokgtk jh krm kg kj ajmvkaïg y kg kj ñrfmgh. Iksmrrhjjñ sus mptdtuiks y täagdams ik ahophsdadñg, pkr`kaadhgmgih jm täagdam ikj ahgtrmpugth. Ymoedäg `uk ug kxpkrth kg `merdamadñg dgstruokgtmj. Kstm shgmtm ik Emac kstí ksardtm pmrm `jmutm trmvkskrm, quk kg kstk amsh cmak ik shjdstm, y ajmvkaïg, ik embh ahgtdguh. Ikspuäs ik sdfjhs ik phjd`hgïm sk iksmrrhjjñ kg kj Emrrhah (sdfjh SPDD) jm okjhiïm mahopmýmim2 ugm vhz jjkvmem jm okjhiïm prdgadpmj y kj mahopmýmodkgth jh rkmjdzmemg htrms vhaks, fkgkrmjokgtk dgtkrprktmims phr dgstruokgths phjd`ñgdahs (ahoh kj ñrfmgh h kj ajmvk). Kstms htrms vhaks imemg mphyh mroñgdah m jm vhz prdgadpmj, iksmrrhjjígihsk ugm täagdam ik mahopmýmodkgth jjmomim jjmomim embh ahgtdguh h embh ad`rmih. Ikembh ik jm jïgkm ksardtm ikj embh sk mghtmemg ugms ad`rms (kj ad`rmih) quk ahrrksphgiïmg m jms ghtms ikj mahrik quk ikeïm arkmrsk  pmrm ahopjktmr kj mahopmýmodkgth. mahopmýmodkgth. Ksth `uk ouy dgghvmihr, kstms ghtms phiïmg dgtkrprktmrsk ahoh mahrik, mrpkfdh h ahg ghtms ik  pmsh... Amim dgstruokgtdstm dgstruokgtdstm jk imem ug thquk pkrshg pkrshgmj, mj, m vkaks doprhv doprhvdsmgih dsmgih sherk kksk sk mahrik. Ymoedäg phiïm haurrdr quk ug dgstruokgth ik shgdih frmvk rkmjdzmrm jm jïgkm ksardtm ikj embh (kj vdhjhgakjjh, phr kbkopjh) y htrh dgstruokgth oís mfuih dgtkrprktmrm kj ad`rmih (kj mrpm,  phr kbkopjh)

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 Kj ajmvkaïg (tmoedäg jjmomih ajmvk h ajmvdaäoemjh) ks ug dgstruokgth ahg tkajmih y, mj dfumj quk kj mrpm y jm fudtmrrm, ik aukrim pujsmim (m id`krkgadm ikj pdmgh h ikj ajmvdahridh, quk shg dgstruokgths ik aukrim pkrautdim). Kj ajmvkaïg `uk ugh ik jhs dgstruokgths oís phpujmrks iurmgtk kj Emrrhah. Qdg koemrfh, `uk amykgih kg kj hjvdih iurmgtk jms òjtdoms iäamims ikj sdfjh SPDDD, ohokgth kg kj quk jhs ahophsdthrks sk ikamgtmrhg phr kj `hrtkpdmgh (mgtkpmsmih ikj pdmgh ohikrgh), kj aumj, m id`krkgadm ikj ajmvkaïg, pkrodtïm amoedhs ik vhjuokg ahg shjh vmrdmr jm dgtkgsdimi ik  pujsmadñg ik jms tkajms. Kj prdokr ohvdodkgth ik jm herm ahodkgzm ògdamokgtk ahg jm vhz ikj ajmvkaïg, ahg ugm erkvk dgtrhiuaadñg cmstm kj ahodkgzh ik jm okjhiïm ahg jm `jmutm m pmrtdr ikj aumrth sdstkom. Jm thgmjdimi prdgadpmj ik jm herm ks od ekohj omyhr y jm j m kstruaturm qukim idvdidim kg trks skaadhgks. Jm prdokrm skaadñg (M) ahodkgzm mj prdokr ahopís y mamem kg kj skfugih sdstkom ik jm sdfudkgtk pífdgm ahg kstk dgajudih. Kg kj aumrth sdstkom sk ghs prkskgtm jm okjhiïm y mj ahodkgzh ik jm skfugim pífdgm ohiujmohs m sd ekohj omyhr. Jm skfugim skaadñg (E) ahodkgzm kg kj tkrakr sdstkom ik jm skfugim pífdgm, kg jm thgmjdimi ik sd ekohj omyhr, y mamem ahg jm j m pífdgm. Jm tkrakrm skaadñg (M—) ahodkgzm kg jm tkrakrm pífdgm ik jm chbm y ks ugm skaadñg oís erkvk ym quk mamem mj `dgmj ikj skfugih sdstkom ik jm odsom pífdgm. Kg kstm skaadñg ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg kj tkom ik jm prdokrm skaadñg ugm qudgtm msakgikgtk, phr ksh jk jjmomohs m kstm skaadñg M—. Mj `dgmj ik kstm skaadñg ohiujmohs m jm thgmjdimi ik od ekohj omyhr. Jm aumrtm skaadñg (A) ahodkgzm m odtmi ikj òjtdoh ahopís ikj skfugih sdstkom y mamem ahg kj ohvdodkgth. Kg kstm skaadñg ghs kgahgtrmohs guokrhshs amoedhs ik thgmjdimi, ahoh kstíg omramihs kg jm pmrtdturm. Ahokgzmohs jm skaadñg kg jm ekohj omyhr y skfudimokgtk ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg ihs dg`jkxdhgks, jm prdokrm m `m okghr y jm skfugim m ih okghr.

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Kg jm sdfudkgtk pífdgm ohiujmohs m od ekohj omyhr y, gukvmokgtk cmak ugm dg`jkxdñg cmadm jm ekohj omyhr, pkrh ghs qukimohs kg jm thgmjdimi prdgadpmj y mamemohs kstk ohvdodkgth ahg ugm amikgadm mutägtdam.

5. Qdadjdmgh Kj sdadjdmgh h sdadjdmgm ks ugm `hrom ousdamj quk sk phpujmrdzñ kg thim Kurhpm m `dgmjks ikj sdfjh SPDD y kj sdfjh SPDDD. Qk trmtm ik ugm imgzm jkgtm quk sk iksmrrhjjm kg ug ahopís ik 0/3 h =5/3. Qk amrmatkrdzm phr jm prkskgadm ik ug rdtoh trhamdah, phr sus okjhiïms skgadjjms y mrohgïms ajmrms. Ghromjokgtk sk ksardek kg ohih okghr y ks sdodjmr m jm fdfm kg aumgth mj rdtoh, pkrh ks oís jkgtm y ahg amríatkr okjmgañjdah.

Kg aumgth m kstm herm ghs jm kgahgtrmohs kg 0/3, mj dfumj quk sk idak kg jm j m ik`dgdadñg, y kg jm thgmjdimi ik shj okghr, htrh imth quk ahdgadik ahg jm ik`dgdadñg. Kg aumgth m jm kstruaturm qukim idvdidim ik kstm `hrom2

Jm prdokrm skaadñg (M) ahodkgzm mj prdgadpdh y mamem kg kj òjtdoh ahopís ik jm pífdgm. Kstm  prdokrm skaadñg ghs ghs prkskgtm kj ohtdvh prdgadpmj yy,, m su vkz, sk pukik idvdidr kg kg ihs sueskaadhgks.

Jm prdokrm sueskaadñg (m=) ahodkgzm m jm vkz quk jm skaadñg frmgik (M) y mamem kg kj ghvkgh ahopís dgajudih. Kstm sueskaadñg gh prkskgtm gdgfòg amoedh ik thgmjdimi, sk omgtdkgk kg shj okghr.

Jm skfugim sueskaadñg (m5) ahodkgzm kg kj iäadoh ahopís cmstm kj `dgmj ik jm skaadñg y sk ghs prkskgtm gukvmokgtk kj ohtdvh prdgadpmj ug tkrakrm phr kgadom. Kg kstm sueskaadñg ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg ugm dg`jkxdñg m `m omyhr omyhr..

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Jm skfugim skaadñg (E) ahodkgzm kg jm skfugim pífdgm y tkrodgm kg kj skfugih ahopís ikj skfugih sdstkom dgajudih, ks ugm skaadñg ouy erkvk.

Jm tkrakrm y òjtdom skaadñg (M (M—) —) ahodkgzm kg kj tkrakr ahopís ikj skfugih sdstkom y mamem ahg jm herm. Kstm skaadñg ks ouy sdodjmr m jm prdokrm ym quk ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg kj ohtdvh  prdgadpmj gukvmokgtk. gukvmokgtk. ^mrm mamem mamemrr ahg kstm skaa skaadñg dñg y ahg jm herm phikohs vkr quk quk mamem kg shj okghr ahg ihs amikgadms mutägtdams skfudims.

1. Ahgakrth dg Ih  Mgtks ik ahokgzmr m cmejmr sherk kstm herm vhy m ahokgzmr phr dgtrhiuadr erkvkokgtk m Yhomsh Mjedghgd. Yhomsh Mjedghgd `uk ug oòsdah dtmjdmgh gmadih kg Pkgkadm kg =06=. Kstuidñ vdhjïg y amgth, matdvdimiks m jms quk qudsh ikidamrsk sdg kgtrmr m `hromr pmrtk ik ugm ahrtk, ahoh krm kgthgaks `rkaukgtk. @uk msï ahoh pmsñ m `hromr ` hromr pmrtk ik jhs jjmomihs idjkttmgtd ikj sdfjh SPDDD, mgtkakshrks ikj mrtdstm dgikpkgidkgtk quk mpmrkakrïm ahg kj Uhomgtdadsoh. Ik kstk ohih, sk ikidañ m jm ahophsdadñg tmgth vhamj ahoh dgstruokgtmj, y su prdokrm ñpkrm,  Rkghedm, rkdgm ik jhs pmjodrkghs (=049), `uk kstrkgmim kg su aduimi gmtmj. M pksmr ik quk kg su äpham ahgsdfudkrhg adkrth äxdth, mugquk ästk `ukrm drrkfujmr, sus herms vhamjks amykrhg prhgth kg kj hjvdih, mj ahgtrmrdh quk su herm dgstruokgtmj, ik jm quk Bhcmgg Qkemstdmg Emac thoñ mjfughs tkoms. Ymoedäg kg =049 puejdañ kg Pkgkadm, ihgik iksmrrhjjñ su matdvdimi ousdamj, sus Ihak shgmtms y Qdg`hgïms y ahgadkrths (=6>>). Kg =6>9 mpmrkadkrhg sus Qkds shgmtms ik dfjksdm pmrm vdhjïg y vdhjhgakjh , y kgtrk =6>6 y =655 ksardedñ trkdgtm y skds ahgadkrths, quk `ukrhg rkahpdjmihs kg ugm shjm kidadñg. Qk ahgskrvmg mjfugms ahophsdadhgks omgusardtms ik Mjedghgd, ahoh jms skds Qdg`hgïms (=61;)< skfòg Yhrrk`rmgam, äj `uk qudkg dgtrhiubh kj odguä kg jm sdg`hgïm. Kg =69> mpmrkadkrhg sus òjtdoms Qkds shgmtms pmrm vdhjïg, y ug mýh oís tmrik sk puejdañ jm ñpkrm Mrtmokgk, su òjtdom herm. Ahopush ahg rkfujmrdimi oòsdam tkmtrmj k dgstruokgtmj cmstm =69>, mýh kg quk memgihgñ su matdvdimi arkmihrm.

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Kg aumgth m jm herm, kstmohs mgtk kj prdokr ohvdodkgth ikj ahgadkrth ksardth pmrm ihs hehks, aumrtkth ik aukrim y ajmvkaïg. Kstk ahgadkrth sk emsm kg ugm `dfurm mrpkfdmim jm aumj mpmrkak m jh jmrfh ik thih kstk ohvdodkgth y sk gukstrm phr prdokrm vkz mj ahodkgzh, kg kj ugïshgh ikj mahopmýmodkgth.

Mj dfumj quk jm shgmtm mgtkrdhr kg kstm herm tmoedäg ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg jm täagdam ikj embh ahgtdguh, mikoís sk ghs oukstrm ikembh ikj tïtujh ik jm herm.

Jm kstruaturm ikj ahgadkrth kstm idvdidim kg trks skaadhgks ik kstm `hrom2

- ^rdokrm skaadñg (M)2 ahodkgzm ògdamokgtk ahg ahg kj maho mahopmýmodkgth pmýmodkgth rkmjdzmgih rkmjdzmgih ug mrpkfdh mrpkfdh kxtkgidih, ghs jh kgahgtrmohs kg jm thgmjdimi ik ih omyhr y kstm skaadñg mamem kg kj ahopís aumrkgtm. Yrms ugm dgtrhiuaadñg ikj mahopmýmodkgth ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg jm okjhiïm y kgtrmim ik jhs j hs hehks kg kj ahopís =5 ahg mgmarusm yy,, kg kj ahopís 50, ug ohiujmadñg m jm ihodgmgtk, shj omyhr.

- Qkfugim skaa skaadñg dñg (E)2 ahodkgzm kg jm mgmarusm ikj ikj ahopís 9= y aahdgadik hdgadik busth ahg jmvukjtm m jm thgmjdimi ik ih omyhr. Oís tmrik ohiujm mj rkjmtdvh okghr, jm okghr, pkrh kg phahs ahopmsks rkfrksm m ih omyhr. Oís tmrik ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg jm mjtkrgmgadm ik jm thgmjdimi ik jm ihodgmgtk, shj omyhr, y ik su rkjmtdvh okghr, od okghr. Kstm skaadñg mamem kg kj ahopís 61.

- Ykrakrm skaadñg (M—)2 (M—)2 kstm skaadñg ks ouy sdodjmr m jm prdokrm. Ahodkgz Ahodkgzmm ahg jm `hrom mrpkfdmim ikj mahopmýmodkgth y kstm kg ih omyhr mj dfumj quk jm j m prdokrm skaadñg. Ymoedäg Ymoedäg kg kstm skaadñg ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg ugm dg`jkxdñg m rk okghr kg kj ahopís 49, pkrh mug msï ghs omgtkgkohs kg jm thgmjdimi prdgadpmj ik jm herm cmstm kj `dgmj, mamemgih gukvmokgtk ahg ksm `hrom mrpkfdmim amrmatkrïstdam ik thim kstm herm ik Mjedghgd.

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9. Ahgadkrth dg K ombhr Ahoh mgtkrdhrokgtk ym ckohs cmejmih sherk Emac, ahophsdthr ik jm j m Qhgmtm DD y kstk ahgadkrth, vhy m ahokgzmr m cmejmr idrkatmokgtk ik jm herm.

Kj Ahgadkrth pmrm vdhjïg kg od omyhr, EVP =>95, ik Bhcmgg Qkemstdmg Emac ks ug ahgadkrth  emsmih kg kj ohikjh ohikjh ik ahga ahgadkrth dkrth vkgkadmgh ik trks ohvdodkgths, mu mugquk gquk ahg mjfu mjfugms gms amrmatkrïstdams dgusumjks ym quk amim ohvdodkgth tdkgk "amrmatkrïstdams gh dtmjdmgms". Kstí ksardth pmrm vdhjïg, aukrims y embh ahgtdguh idvdidih kg jhs sdfudkgtks ohvdodkgths2

=. Mjjkfr Mjjkfrhh kg 9/9, 9/9, aahg hg `h `hrom rom rrdth dthrgk rgkjjh jjh.. 5. Mimfdh Mimfdh kg 1/9 1/9,, aahg hg hs hstdg tdgmth mth.. 1. Mjjkfrh Mjjkfrh ms mssmd smd kg kg 1/3, ahg ugm ugm ks kstruatu truaturm rm ik rhgiñ rhgiñ..

Emac rkutdjdzñ kj ahgadkrth ahoh ohikjh pmrm su Ahgadkrth pmrm ajmvkaïg kg rk omyhr, EVP =>;9. Qk arkk quk kj ahgadkrth `uk ksardth aumgih Emac trmembmem pmrm jm ahrtk ik Lðtckg h aumgih Emac kstmem kg Jkdpzdf.

Kstk prdokr ohvdodkgth sk amrmatkrdzm phr jm mjtkrgmgadm ik rdthrgkjjhs y kpdshidhs iurmgtk thim jm herm y tdkgk ug kstruaturm idvdidim kg trks skaadhgks qukimgih qukimgih jm idvdsdñg ik kstm omgkrm2

- ^rdokrm skaadñg (M)2 kstm skaadñg skaadñg ahodkgzm mj prdgadpdh y tkrodgm kg kj `dgk. Jm thgmjdimi  prdgadpmj ks od omyhr y sk omgtdkgk amsd amsd thim jm skaadñg ahopjktm cmstm jm aumrtm pífdgm ikj ikj ohvdodkgth quk ohiujm m sd omyhr, su ihodgmgtk. Kg jm säptdom pífdgm vukjvk m od omyhr,  busth aumgih mpmrkak mpmrkak ik gukv gukvhh jm odsom okjhiïm iikj kj ahodkgzh.

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- Qkfugim skaa skaadñg dñg (E)2 ahodkgzm kg kj òjtdoh sdstkom ik jm ghvkgm pífdgm y sk kxtdkgik cmstm kj `dgmj ik jm herm y, mj dfumj quk jm prdokrm skaadñg sk sdfuk omgtkgdkgih ksm mjtkrgmgadm ik rdthrgkjjhs y kpdshidhs. Kg kj ahopís =1 ghs kgahgtrmohs ahg ugm dg`jkxdñg m sd omyhr y ug sdstkom oís tmrik ohiujmohs cmadm ugm gukvm thgmjdimi, jm omyhr. Kg jm  pífdgm =0 ohiujmohs ohiujmohs m `m # okgh okghr, r, mj `dgmj ik jm pífdgm sd omy omyhr, hr, oís tmrik cmakhs ugm ugm dg`jkxdñg m jm omyhr y kg jm pífdgm =3 rkfrksmohs m od omyhr, mugquk mugquk gukvmokgtk tkgkohs ihs dg`jkxdhgks, ugm m shj # okghr y htrm m ih # okghr.

- Ykrakrm skaadñg (M)2 jm tkrakrm skaadñg ks diägtdam m jm prdokrm prdokrm skaadñg, mu mugquk gquk kg jm  pmrtdturm gh sk kgaukgtrk kgaukgtrk kstm skaadñg skaadñg ksardtm. Kstm sk skaadñg aadñg ks jm rkpktdadñg rkpktdadñg ik jm prdokrm, mj `dgmj ik jm pmrtdturm ghs kgahgtrmohs ug I A mj `dgk, ksth sdfgd`dam vhjvkr mj ahodkgzh cmstm ihgik phgk `dgk, ahdgadidkgih ahg jm kxtkgsdñg ik jm prdokrm skaadñg.

Jm `hrom ik kstk ahgadkrth ks ahghadim ahghadim ahoh jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh. Jm `hrom sk iksmrrhjjm kg jm oòsdam ikj sdfjh SPDDD. Ahoh kg kj rhgiñ, sk emsm kg jm mjtkrgmgadm kgtrk rdthrgkjjh (kstrdedjjh) y shjh (ahpjm).

Qk pukik cmakr ugm kqudvmjkgadm kgtrk jm `hrom rhgiñ y jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh2

jh quk kg jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh shg rdthrgkjjd, kg jm `hrom rhgiñ skrïmg kstrdedjjhs< y jh quk kg jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh shg shjd, kg jm `hrom ` hrom rhgiñ skrïmg ahpjms.  Gh hestmgtk, kxdstk kxdstk ugm id`krkgadm kkgg kj pjmgtkmodkgth thg thgmj mj ik amim ug ugmm ik jms `hroms2 Odkgtrms quk kg jm `hrom rhgiñ jhs kstrdedjjhs sukjkg prkskgtmrsk kg kj thgh prdgadpmj (jh quk  prhiuak ugm kstruaturm kstruaturm thgmj kstítdam)< kkgg jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh, jhs rdthrgkjjd akgtrmjks akgtrmjks sk  prkskgtmg kg jm thgmjdimi m jm quk cm ohiujmih kj shjh shjh prkakgikgtk prkakgikgtk.. ^krh jhs rdthrgkjjd  prdokrh y òjtdoh sdkoprk mpmrkakg mpmrkakg kg kj thg thghh prdgadpmj. Y Yhih hih kjjh prhiua prhiuakk ug mrah ik tkgsdñg tkgsdñg thgmj y, kg ahgskaukgadm, ahgskaukgadm, ugm kstruaturm oís idgíodam. (Ghromjokgtk, m kstm `hrom tmoedäg sk jk jjmom rhgiñ ohiujmgtk).

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M ohih ik rksuokg kstk ksqukom myuim m jm ahopmrmadñg ik moems `hroms y m phikr heskrvmr jms id`krkgadms ik moems2

Jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh sk kopjkm kg jm òjtdom äpham emrrham, kg mrdms y kg kj prdokr y tkrakr ohvdodkgth ik jhs ahgadkrths pmrm shjdstm y hrqukstm. Ymgth Ymgth kg jms mrdms ahoh kg jhs ahgadkrths, kj ahophsdthr hphgk jm omsm hrqukstmj (rdthrgkjjd) m jhs pmsmbks m shjh quk `ugadhgmg ahoh kpdshidhs ohiujmgtks. ohiujmgtks. Qd edkg kg kj rhgiñ jm rkjmadñg kgtrk kstrdedjjh y ahpjm prhiuak ugm rkjmadñg kstítdam, jm hphsdadñg kgtrk shjh y hrqukstm ik jm `hrom rdthrgkjjh h`rkak ugm rkjmadñg oís idgíodam.

Kg jhs prdokrhs ahgadkrths pmrm shjdstm, m dgdadhs ikj sdfjh SPDDD, kj gòokrh ik shjd y rdthrgkjjd y jm rkjmadñg kgtrk kjjhs gh kstmem ajmrmokgtk ik`dgdim. @uk jm kghrok prhiuaadñg ik Mgthgdh Pdvmjid, Pdvmjid, y su dg`jukgadm, jm j m quk kstmejkadñ kstm kstruaturm kg thrgh m 1 h 9 shjd kgomramihs phr 9 h ; rdthrgkjjd `hromgih ugm kstruaturm sdodjmr mj rhgiñ r hgiñ m 6 skaadhgks (M-E-M-A-M-I-M) h m 4 (M-E-M-A-M-I-M-K-M).

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;. Kj Oksïms Mgtks ik ahokgzmr m cmejmr sherk kj oksïms y sherk jms herms ik ahrh quk vmohs m mgmjdzmr sherk kjjms, vhy m ahokgzmr m cmejmr sherk Cmkgikj, su ahophsdthr.

Fkhrf @rdkirdac Cmkgikj `uk ug ahophsdthr mjkoíg gmadih kg Cmoeurfh kg =03;, mugquk  phstkrdhrokgtk sk gmadhgmjdzñ gmadhgmjdzñ dgfjäs. Cmkgikj Cmkgikj rkprkskgtm gh sñjh ugm ik ik jms adoms ik jm äpham  emrrham, sdgh tmoedäg tmoedäg ik jm oòsdam iikk thihs jhs tdkophs tdkophs.. Oòsdah prhjï`dah ahoh phahs, su  prhiuaadñg memram memram thihs jhs fäg fägkrhs krhs ik su äpham, äpham, ahg kspk kspkadmj admj prkidjkaadñg phr phr jm ñpkrm y kj hrmthrdh, m jhs quk, ahg su mphrtmadñg, ahgtrdeuyñ m jjkvmr m ugm ktmpm ik frmg kspjkgihr kspjkgihr..

Hphgdägihsk m jhs ikskhs ik su pmirk, qudkg prktkgiïm quk sdfudkrm jhs kstuidhs ik ikrkach, jm amrrkrm ik Cmkgikj ahoh oòsdah ahokgzñ kg su Cmjjk gmtmj, ihgik tuvh ahoh prh`kshr mj kgthgaks aäjkerk @rdkirdac Vdjckjo Rmacmu, Rmacmu, hrfmgdstm ik jm Jdke`rmukgldrack< `uk tmj su mprhvkacmodkgth quk kg =6>5 `uk ghoermih hrfmgdstm ik jm amtkirmj ik su jhamjdimi y, ug mýh oís tmrik, vdhjdgdstm ik jm Ñpkrm ik jm ahrtk ik Cmoeurfh, ihgik kgtmejñ ahgtmath ahg Ukdgcmri Lkdskr, ug ahophsdthr quk jk dgtrhiubh kg jhs skarkths ik jm ahophsdadñg pmrm kj tkmtrh.

Kg Cmoeurfh kstrkgñ su prdokrm ñpkrm, Mjodrm, quk `uk edkg mahfdim phr kj pòejdah. [g mýh oís tmrik koprkgidñ ug vdmbk m Dtmjdm quk jk idh jm hphrtugdimi ik `modjdmrdzmrsk ahg kj kstdjh dtmjdmgh k dgtrhiuadr mjfugms ik sus amrmatkrïstdams kg su prhpdh kstdjh, `hrbmih kg jm trmidadñg ahgtrmpugtïstdam mjkomgm. Jms ñpkrms Uhirdfh y Mfrdppdgm y kj hrmthrdh Jm Uksurrkzdhgk  imtmg ik ksm äpham.

Kg =6=>, ik rkfrksh kg Mjkomgdm, `uk ghoermih omkstrh ik ampdjjm ik jm ahrtk ikj Kjkathr ik Cmgghvkr,, puksth quk memgihgñ mj `dgmj ik ksk odsoh mýh pmrm trmsjmimrsk m Dgfjmtkrrm, ihgik Cmgghvkr  prhgth sk idh m ahghakr ahghakr ahoh mu muthr thr ik ñpkrms dtmjdmgm dtmjdmgms. s.

KQOMU

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Cmkgikj vhjañ jm omyhr pmrtk ik su ks`ukrzh arkmtdvh kg jm ahophsdadñg ik hrmthrdhs2 kg =69= ahopush Kj Oksïms, jm herm quk oís `mom jk cm rkphrtmih. Ahg tkoms kxtrmïihs ik jm Edejdm y tkxths kg dgfjäs, jhs hrmthrdhs ahgstdtuykg jm pmrtk oís hrdfdgmj ik thim jm prhiuaadñg ikj ahophsdthr y jm ògdam quk sk cm omgtkgdih kg kj rkpkrthrdh sdg mjtdembhs sdfgd`damtdvhs, kspkadmjokgtk kg kj Ukdgh [gdih, ihgik kj ohikjh kstmejkadih phr Cmkgikj cm dgspdrmih jm ahgakpadñg ik sus rkspkatdvhs hrmthrdhs m muthrks ahoh Kiwmri Kjfmr h Vdjjdmo V Vmjthg. mjthg. Kj oksïms ks ug hrmthrdh, ugm oòsdam ahg cdsthrdm rkjdfdhsm h smfrmim. Kg kj oksïms kgahgtrmohs trks tdphs ik gòokrhs2 jhs rkadtmtdvhs, jms mrdms y jhs ahrhs.

- Kj rkadtmtdvh ks ug tdph iikk oòsdam quk sk sk amrmatkrdzm phr ssuu pmrkadih ahg kj cmejm. Ymj Ymj y ahoh su ghoerk dgidam, ks ahoh ug rkadtmih, pkrh ahg kgthgmadñg ousdamj. Kj rkadtmtdvh  pukik skr skaah, skaah, ks ikadr ikadr,, mahopmýmih ògdamokgtk ik jm vhz y kj tkajmih tkajmih y =61>, surfdñ ug ksqukom tïpdah pmrm jm prdokrm pmrtk2

KQOMU

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^rdokrm pmrtk (M). [g rdthrgkjjh dgstruokgtmj< d gstruokgtmj< ugm kxphsdadñg ahopjktm ik jm prdokrm kstrh`m ahg ug ikspjmzmodkgth mroñgdah ik jm tñgdam m jm ihodgmgtk, ug rdthrgkjjh phstkrdhr m jm ihodgmgtk, ugm skfugim kxphsdadñg ahopjktm ik jm prdokrm kstrh`m quk edkg ahodkgzm ahg jm tñgdam, edkg sk kgamodgm rípdimokgtk cmadm kjjm, ugm kxphsdadñg `dgmj ikj rdthrgkjjh kg jm tñgdam. Qkfugim pmrtk (E). Jm skfugim kstrh`m prhphradhgm kj tkxth pmrm jm skaadñg akgtrmj ikj mrdm im amph, kg kstm skaadñg sk dgahrphrm kg ahgtrmstk mroñgdah mj kvdtmr jm tñgdam vmjdägihsk m okguih ik jm thgmjdimi rkjmtdvm. Kstm skaadñg phirïm kstmr dgstruokgtmim ahg omyhr jdfkrkzm y prkskgtmem fkgkrmjokgtk jm kstrh`m ahopjktm shjh ug vkz, mugquk phiïmg rkpktdrsk pmrtks dgtkrgms ikj tkxth. Ykrakrm pmrtk (M). M ahgtdgumadñg jjkfmem htrm vkz jm prdokrm kstrh`m ahg su oòsdam, ugm rkpktdadñg kg jm quk sk kspkrmem quk kj amgtmgtk dgtrhiubkrm vmrdmadhgks ahg ugm hrgmokgtmadñg doprhvdsmim. Jm `hrom fkgkrmj ik kstm mrdm krm M-E-M, ihgik2 M ks kj tkom prdgadpmj ahg sus hrgmokgths< E ks kj tkom skaugimrdh, fkgkrmjokg fkgkrmjokgtk tk kg jm thgmjdimi rkjmtdvm pmrm cmakr ahgtrmstk< y M ks jm rkpktdadñg ikj tkom hrdfdgmj pkrh ahg jms vmrdmadhgks pkrshgmjks quk jk midadhgm kj amgtmgtk. Kg kstk amsh jm frmg omyhrïm ik kstms pmutms sk kgaukgtrmg kg jm pmrtdturm. Ahokgzmohs kg jm thgmjdimi ik od ekohj omyhr kj tkom M y heskrvmohs mjfughs amoedhs ik thgmjdimi k dg`jkxdhgks m od ekohj okghr, sd ekohj omyhr h `m okghr. okghr. Kg aumgth mj tkom E, ghs jh kgahgtrmohs kg ih okghr y mj `dgmj mpmrkak ug amoedh ik thgmjdimi m shj okghr okghr.. Jms trks skaadhgks kstíg ajmrmokgtk skpmrmims. Jm prdokrm kopdkzm mj prdgadpdh ik jm pmrtdturm cmstm kj `dgk, mj dfumj quk jm tkrakrm skaadñg, y jm skfugim ahodkgzm kg kj `dgk, ikspuäs ik jm ihejk emrrm cmstm kj `dgmj ik jm pmrtdturm, ihgik sk kgaukgtrm kj im amph. ]ukimgih jm kstruaturm ik kstk ohih2 M-E-M.

KQOMU

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