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[racaei 1 Hasns  Lknabns 1.  Ba dasa kn ug has i`upa ug vibudng kn ;.== d0 a 8>: dd Jh. @ab`õbnsn su vibudng a

60> dd Jh, sl ba tndpnratura pnrdagn`n `igstagtn. Snsp. ;.88 d0 ]₁¸V₁ 4 ]₃¸V₃ (8>: ddJh)¸(; d°) 4 (60> ddJh)¸V₃ V₃ 4 ;.88 d° ]ir tagti, tngndis qun nb vibudng qun i`upa ba dasa kn has a uga prnslðg kn 60> ddJh ns kn ;.88 d°. 3. ^ga dasa kn has kaka i`upa 0: dB a 3= ½@. Pl su prnslðg sn dagtlngn `igstagtn, ¹`uáb ns

nb vibudng qun i`upa a uga tndpnratura kn ;> ½@9  Snsp. ;1 dB

 

0.  Ng ug käa ng qun ba prnslðg atdisfìrl`a ns kn 8>.:0 `d Jh, ug dagðdntri kn ug tagqun

 para has dar`a ba bn`tura kn ba prnslðg kn 3>:.> `d Jh. ¹@uáb ns n s ba prnslðg acsibuta ac sibuta (ng atdðsfnras y ng o]a) knb has kngtri knb tagqun9  Snsp. 00;.0 `d Jh 4 ;.0.6  o]a

;. ^g tagqun qun `igtlngn ug has lknab sn snbba a 3= ½@ y a uga prnslðg kn 1.== atd. ¹@uáb 

 snrá ba prnslðg (ng o]a y dd Jh) ng nb tagqun, sl ba tndpnratura klsdlguyn a ‐0> ½@9  Snsp. :3 o]a 4 6.3 x 1=3 dd Jh 

 

 Katis5 ]1 4 1 atd. [1 4 3= + 380 4 3 + 380 4 30: O  ]3 4 ]1 ¸ [3/[1 ]3 4 1 atd. ¸ 30: O/3 1=1.03> opa =.:13 atd -------- x x 4 :3.3: o]a

 Fðrduba  ] 1  ] 3 4 [ 1 [ 3

>.  Kakis 1=== dB kn jnbli a 1> ½@ y 860 ddJh, kntnrdägnsn su vibudng a ‐ 6 ½@ y ;3= dd

 Jh. Snsp. 1.6: x 1=0 Db  V   3 34

 ] 1∘V 1∘[ 3  ] 3∘[ 1

V₁ 4 ₁=== dB 4 ₁ B ]₁ 4 860 ddJh/86= 4 ₁.==; atd [₁ 4 ₁> + ₃80 = ₃:: O  V₃ 4 9 ]₃4 =.>>₃ atd [₃ 4 -6 + ₃80 4 ₃68 O  V₃ 4 ₁.==; atd x ₁ B x ₃68 O    mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm   =.>>₃ atd x ₃:: O  V₃ 4 ₁.6:6₃ B x ₁=== 4 ₁.6:6₃ x ₁=° dB

6. ^g olbidib kn has lknab i`upa 33.; d0 a = ½@ y 1 atd.

 Fðrduba  ] 1 . V   1  ] 3 . V 3 4 [   3 [ 1

 

a) ¹@uáb ns ba prnslðg prnslðg qun sn rnqulnrn rnqulnrn para `idprldlr 19== odib kn has ng ug `igtngnkir  kn >.== d0 a 1== ½@9

c) Pl sn va a ng`nrra ng`nrrarr ng ug tagqun tagqun kn >.== d0 , nb `uab punkn rnslstlr uga prnslðg dagidìtrl`a dáxlda kn 0.== atd, ¹`uáb snräa ba dáxlda tndpnratura knb has sl sn knsna qun nb tagqun .gi nstabbn9  Fðrduba utlblzaka5  ] 1 . V   1  ] 3 . V 3 4 [   3 [ 1 3

[ 3 4

 

;  Atd. > d 0 . 380  O  1 Atd .3 .33 3 .; d 0

43;0.8> ½ O 4∓0= ½ @ 

8. ^g tagqun kn >=== `d0 `igtlngn ug has lknab (D 4 ;= oh/odib) a uga prnslðg dagidìtrl`a

kn >0= o]a y a uga tndpnratura kn 3> ½@. Pl sn supign qun ba prnslðg atdisfìrl`a ns kn 1== o]a, ¹quì `agtlkak kn dasa kn has sn ng`ungtra ng nb knpðslti9  Snsp. =.=>1 oh  oh   Fðrduba ^tlblzaka5  ] Ø V 4 S Ø [ Ø g   6.31 atdØ > B4=.=:3

  B∘ atd

 Ø 30=opa+1==opa4 60=opa >0=opa+1==opa4 60= Opa a atd46.31atd >===`d0 a B4 >B 3>½@ a O4 31 oh 

 

:.  Ba prnslðg kn alrn ng ug va`äi razigacbndngtn cungi pikräa snr kn 3.= x 1=-> dd Jh.

¹Quì dasa kn alrn nxlstn ng ug vibudng kn 3>= dB a nsta prnslðg y a 3> ½@9 [ðdnsn D 4 3: oh/odib para nb alrn. Snsp. 8.> x 1=-13 oh   Fðrduba ^tlblzaka5  ] Ø V 4 S Ø [ Ø g   3∘ 1=

∓>

∓0

ddJh dd Jh Ø 3>=∘1 =  B4 63.06

 ddJh∘ B   Ø 3 x 1= ∓13 oh dd

 Jh, sl nstn a`tõa `idi ug has lknab9 Snsp. ;>8 dB  Fðrduba ^tlblzaka4

 

6;Oh/dib a h4 6;===h/dib

 G 4

1.316 h 6;=== h

41.

88> ddJh a atd4 1.=1< atd   1:½@ a ½O436 dB Nsta ng nb darhng kn nrrir 

 

V 4 =.=:3

V 4

 S Ø [ Ø g  ]

  B∘ atd ∓> ∘3 ½ O ∘1. h kn vapir kn ahua (D 4 1: oh/odib) a uga

tndpnratura kn 0;= ½@. Pupiglngki qun ns ug has lknab, ¹`uáb ns su prnslðg9  Snsp. 3.;  D]a

 Fðrduba ^tlblzaka5 0=dB a B4 =.=0B 0;=½@ a O4 610½O 

 ] Ø V 4 S Ø [ Ø g     B∘atd  Ø 610 ½ O Ø =.=10:  ] Ø =.=0 B4=.=:3  O ∘dib

 G 4

=.3>

4 =.=10:

1:

g 430.3: atd at atd d a D]a D]a 43.0> Dpa  Dpa   Nsta ng nb darhng kn nrrir 

13. ^g dìtiki para nstldar ba tndpnratura ng nb `ngtri knb Pib sn casa ng ba bny kn bis hasns lknabns. Pl sn supign qun nb `ngtri `igslstn kn hasns `uya dasa pridnkli ns kn =.8=

oh/odib, y sl ba kngslkak y ba prnslðg sig 4 ₃88,₁> O  [₃ 4 ₁₃½ @ + ₃80,₁> 4 ₃:>,₁> O  ρ ahua4 ₁=== oh/d° ]rnslðg atd 4 8> `d Jh 4