Total Station

TOTAL STATION

INTRODUCTION A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point.

 The total station is powered by small rechargeable batteries and built into its memory are a number of self-contained functions which include the measurement of slope, distance, horizontal distance, vertical distance.  There is a data recording module which is also called as electronic field book. This data recording module records the data and additional information.  In Total station, field survey data consists of the angles, distance and related information is stored in electronic field book

• The total station is mounted on a tripod and leveled before use. The other part of a total station, the electronic distance measuring device, measures the distance from the instrument to its target. • The total station provides a quicker solution to this measurement by allowing a light beam to measure the distance instead of a tape measure. The total station sends an infrared laser that is reflected from a prism and sent back to it. • With the tripod and total station now centered over the top of the control point, adjust the tripod legs by extending/contracting them, to position the bubble of the circular vial located on the tribrach of the total station to the center.

•For reference purposes throughout these instructions, the front of the total station is the side facing the object to be measured and the back of the total station is the side with the LCD display panel. •Rotate the total station until the back of the unit is aligned with two of the leveling screws located on the bottom plate of the total station. There are two total station series to choose from, with many models available. •Total stations offer fast, accurate electronic distance measurement (EDM), easyto-use keypads and legendary optics to help you work more quickly and productively in the field. •Total Station is three-dimensional surveying technology unit. Accuracy of total stations is very high, and they have been in use over a period of time long enough to justify confidence in their accuracy and reliability. The largest discrepancy between the measured distance and that obtained from the total station was.005 m. The third part of the total station is an electronic distance-measuring device which determines the distance between the station and the target at which the instrument is aimed (normally a prismatic reflector).

Components of a Total Station • EDM • Electronic Theodolite • On- board Microprocessor • Data Collector • Data Storage • Prisms

vantages of Total Station ov Level and Theodolite  With total station, distance is measured by itself as total station consist features of EDM, thus accuracy increases.  It is digital instrument which gives the direct reading personal mistake can be eliminated.

Uses • Angle measurement Most modern total station instruments measure angles by means of electro-optical scanning of extremely precise digital bar-codes etched on rotating glass cylinders or discs within the instrument

• Distance measurement Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated microwave or infrared carrier signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path, and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The distance is determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies, and determining the integer number of wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Most total stations use purpose-built glass corner cube prism reflectors for the EDM signal.

• Data processing Some models include internal electronic data storage to record distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle measured, while other models are equipped to write these measurements to an external data collector, such as a hand-held computer. When data is downloaded from a total station onto a computer, application software can be used to compute results and generate a map of the surveyed area

Features of Total Station



FOLLOWING ARE THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF TOTAL STATION High accuracy and long measuring range.

(1) Higher accuracy - + (2mm + 2ppm) (2) Long measuring range with mini prism is 0.9 km Long measuring range with single prism is 2km Long measuring range with three prism is 2.7 km  Versatile application programs. (1) On board data collection, stakeout/survey road calculation and many more functions (2) Integrated alphanumeric key realizes the quicker operation (3) Large internal memory up to 24000 points  Enhanced absolute encoder- adopted absolute encoder, which need not require zero set and it can also realize stable measurement with less reading error  Superior water resistant and dust proof