Tos Practical Research

LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon BUDGET OF WORK PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 WEEK NUMBER

TOPIC Nature of Inquiry and Research

NUMBER OF DAYS 12

1-3 8

4-5

Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem

20

6-10

Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

12

11-13

Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data Finding Answers through Data Collection

16

Reporting and Sharing Findings

12

TOTAL

80

STRATEGIES/ACTIVITIES Lecture/Discussion using PowerPoint presentations, (but not limited to audio/visual presentations) Group Activities, research works thru the use of ICT Collaborative work, buzz sessions, Interactive presentations Audio/visual presentation, recitations, group activities, brainstorming sessions, web quests Problem solving methods, inquiry learning, powerpoint presentations, class presentations, paper and pencil tests Presentations thru the use of ICT, designing charts, gallery walk, recitations

14-17 18-20

Research Defense, public speaking exercises, vocabulary enhancement, presentations

LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon TABLE OF SPECIFICATION PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Learning Objectives

1. Decide on suitable quantitative research in the Technical-Vocational Education – ICT field a. Identify the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and kinds of quantitative research b. Differentiate kinds of variables and their uses c. Explain the importance of quantitative research 2. Formulate the statement of a research problem clearly a. State research questions effectively b. Indicate and cite benefits and beneficiaries of the study

3. select, cite, and synthesize judiciously related literature and use sources according to ethical standards a. formulate clearly conceptual framework, research hypotheses (if appropriate), and define terms used in study b. present objectively written review of related literature and conceptual framework 4. Describe adequately quantitative research designs, sample, instrument used, intervention (if applicable), data collection, and analysis procedures a. Identify data collection procedures b. Compute and present data results using statistical treatments 5. Gather and analyze data with intellectual honesty, using suitable techniques. a. Find various ways in plotting data using graphs b. Interpret data in tabular and graphical forms c. use statistical techniques to analyze data

Number of Days

Easy 60%

Average 30%

Difficult 10%

Item Placement

Total Item

Easy Item 3, 10,11

12

3

2

1

Average Item 5, 9

6 items

Difficult Item 7 Easy Item 6, 14 8

2

1

3 items Average Item 4

20

6

3

12

4

2

16

5

2

1

1

Difficult Easy Item 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25 Average Item 8, 26, 27 Difficult Item 12 Easy Item 1, 15, 16, 17 Average Item 2, 19 Difficult Easy Item 31, 33, 36, 37, 38 Average Item 24, 39, Difficult Item 23

10 items

6 items

8 items

6. Form logical conclusions a. Identify the parts of research output b. make recommendations based on conclusions c. write and present clear research output

TOTAL

12

4

2

1

80 days

24 items

12 items

4 items

Prepared by: JENSEN RYAN T. LIM Subject Teacher Checked By: CLEMENCIA V. CALUBAYAN Department Head, TLE Approved By: SIONY A. GABOTERO, EdD Secondary School Principal IV

Easy Item 29,32, 34, 35 Average Item 30,40 Difficult Item 28

7

40 items

LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 NAME: ____________________________________ DATE:________________ SECTION: _________________________ SCORE: ______________ I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of your desired answer on the space provided. Choose only ONE answer, for which you can ought to say “the right one”. Avoid Erasures. _____ 1. When every member of the accessible population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study, the researcher is using a. Simple random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. Convenience sampling d. purposive sampling _____ 2. If a researcher selected five schools at random and then interviewed each of the teachers in those five schools, the researcher used a. Simple random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. Convenience sampling d. cluster random sampling c. _____ 3. Which of the following threats to internal validity arises when an event other than the treatment produces a change in participants’ behavior? a. Maturation b. history c. testing d. coincidence _____ 4. How are research questions most often described? a. Arising within a laboratory setting b. Posed after important factors are identified c. May arise from our everyday life experiences d. Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inquiry _____ 5. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these? a. They have been investigated before b. They are available to investigate c. They are not of interest to you d. They do not lead to another question d. _____ 6. Which of the following best describes a hypothesis? a. Statement that you set out to prove b. Tested by collecting only the data that support it c. Proposed before a good research question can be developed d. Posits a clear relationship between different factors _____ 7. Michael hands out a survey to find out the average age and schooling level of his class. What type of research did Michael do? a. Historical b. Cause-and-effect c. Quasi-experimental d. Descriptive _____ 8. Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry (note: these are not ALL of the steps in the process) a. Formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis b. Reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information c. Asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis d. Asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis _____ 9. What is the major difference between applied and basic research? a. Basic research takes longer to complete b. Applied research is less important c. Basic research is more traditional d. Basic research has no immediate application _____ 10. When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called? a. Contradictory b. Intertwining c. Confounding d. Interdependent

_____ 11. Which of the following might be considered a level of an independent variable? a. hair color b. blue eyes c. party affiliation d. favorite type of M&M® _____ 12. How is the independent variable different from the dependent variable? a. the independent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the dependent variable b. the dependent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the independent variable c. dependent and independent variables are only used when researchers are not interested in looking at the effects of one thing on another, but only in how variables may be related d. the independent variable is a variable not included in the experiment, but is related to one of the variables in the experiment _____ 13. A control variable can best be defined by which of the following statements? a. influences the independent variable b. has no observable effect c. cannot be removed or controlled d. influences the dependent variable _____ 14. The null hypothesis represents which of the following statements? a. no relationship between the variables under study b. a positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables c. a negative relationship between the independent and dependent variables d. a difference between the variables under study _____ 15. Which type of study may NOT have an implied null hypothesis? a. Correlational b. descriptive c. quasi-experimental

d. experimental

_____ 16. Our job as researchers is to eliminate ___________ as a factor contributing to differences between groups. a. Chance b. change c. hypothesis d. average _____ 17. Why is a null hypothesis said to be implied? a. It's always directly tested. c. You do not need to test it to know that it is false.

b. It’s never directly tested. d. It is stated in a question form.

_____ 18. What does a good research question usually pursue? a. a small part of a broad topic c. the same thing as the null hypothesis

b. a topic unrelated to any other topics d. a broad topic

_____ 19. Which is the key criterion for selecting a dependent variable? a. sensitivity of the variable to changes in the independent variable b. measurement capabilities in the experiment c. relationship of the dependent variable to the independent variable d. preference of the researcher _____ 20. Which of the following best describes independent variables? a. not manipulated by the experimenter b. manipulated to assess the effect of the treatment c. unrelated to the treatment d. not necessary _____ 21. Sampling allows researchers to overcome the problem of which of the following? a. overcrowded laboratories b. biased subject response c. not having access to the whole population d. not having access to the proper statistical methods _____22. The interpretation of “differences are significant” means that the differences found are_________________. a. probably not due to chance b. due to chance c. creative outcomes d. not dictated by the hypothesis _____ 23. If you read that a study’s finding was significant at the p < .05 level, you could conclude that there is a less than 5% probability that _____________________________. a. the results will translate to real world situations b. most researchers in that area would consider the finding to have clinical meaning c. the researchers used unreliable measures d. the results were due to chance

_____ 24. Why is it important to choose a representative sample of the population? a. increase statistical precision b. determine group differences c. maximize generalizability of results d. find significant results _____ 25. There will be no relationship between children's time in day care and later academic achievement. This is an example of which of the following? a. a research hypothesis b. a factorial design c. a correlational hypothesis d. a null hypothesis _____ 26. The best dependent variable is defined by which of the following characteristics? a. independent of any other variable in the same study b. sensitive to changes in the treatment c. can be manipulated by the researcher d. interacts with the independent variable _____ 27. The significance level reported in a research study can be explained by which of the following? a. importance of the results to the benefit of society b. statistical methods to determine the results of the study c. risk associated with not being 100% confident the difference is due to the treatment d. importance of the results to the benefit of an individual _____ 28. Dr. Gabotero found a statistically significant relationship between gender and aggressive playground activity. Dr. Gabotero can conclude which of the following? a. The effect of gender on aggressive playground activity is likely due to chance. b. The relationship is probably coincidence. c. The effect of gender on aggressive playground activity is likely not due to chance. d. Gender causes aggressive playground activity. _____ 29. In testing whether riding a bicycle at least 30 minutes each day reduces weight, what would be the independent variable? a. the person’s age b. amount of time bicycling each day c. the person’s weight d. the person’s diet _____ 30. The researcher notices that the vocabulary level is also associated with intelligence level, so he determines that the research design must hold the level of intelligence constant to get a good idea of the relationship between pleasure reading and vocabulary level. Intelligence here is an example of what type of variable? a. moderator variable b. dependent variable c. control variable d. extraneous variable _____ 31. Which of the following threats to internal validity arises when participants in one group develop at a faster rate than participants in another group? a. Additive effect of selection and testing b. additive effect of selection and history c. additive effect of selection and maturation d. additive effect of selection and instrumentation _____ 32. Research done in natural settings is a. more likely to involve applied research than basic research. b. equally likely to involve applied research or basic research. c. more likely to involve basic research than applied research. d. Equally likely to involve basic research than applied research. _____ 33. When there is communication between the groups in a true experiment or in a quasi-experiment, which of the following threats to internal validity could occur? a. Hawthorne effects b. demand characteristics c. regression effects d. contamination effects _____ 34. Which of the following quasi-experimental designs involves the comparison of a control and a treatment group that have been established on some basis other than random assignment with both groups given only a pretest and a posttest? a. Simple time-series design b. non equivalent control group design c. time-series design with non equivalent group d. pre-post nonmatched design

_____ 35. Which type of program evaluation is most likely to make use of survey methods? a. Assessment of needs b. outcome evaluation c. process evaluation d. program planning _____ 36. Factorial designs are experiments that can best be defined by which of these statements? a. Have one independent variable b. Have one dependent variable c. Have more than one independent variable d. Are tested on math problems _____ 37. Population generalizability refers to a. conclusions researchers make about a random sample. b. conclusions researchers make about information uncovered in research study. c. the degree to which a sample represents the population of interest. d. the degree to which results of a study can be extended to other settings or conditions. _____ 38. The degree to which results of a study can be extended to other settings or conditions describes ______________. a. population generalizability b. conclusions researchers make about a random sample. c. conclusions researchers make about information uncovered in research study. d. ecological generalizability. _____ 39. What does it mean if two variables have a positive correlation? a. As one variable increases, so does the other b. As one variable increases, the other decreases c. The correlation between variables is 0 d. The correlation between variables is greater than 1 _____ 40. How can we determine if a research has good validity? a. It produces the same result when it is given at different times to the same group of people b. It produces the same result no matter which version of the test is used c. It measures what it is supposed to measure d. All of the questions on it can be answered accurately by the subject

LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 KEY TO CORRECTION 1. A

21. A

2. D

22. D

3. A

23. C

4. d

24. D

5. B

25. B

6. A

26. B

7. D

27. C

8. C

28. C

9. D

29. B

10. C

30. C

11. B

31. C

12. A

32. A

13. D

33. D

14. A

34. B

15. B

35. A

16. A

36. C

17. B

37. C

18. A

38. D

19. A

39. A

20. B

40. C

41.