Torts Project 2

-f°ff°¾D°¾ ½f

9©n@¾  ° @@9-

¯  f©¯ffffff  °  °¯°°  @¯¾



@#@½°½©n¾n¯¯°¾f°° ½f¾½f¾°n½°f°°f¯f°°f°°½f° f¾°°n½ffn°¯°

JD@



n°¯°   ¾  n¯  ¾  ¯f° ½½ f° ¾  ¾ ° n½°     ¾°n f° ¯¾½n J @@ fn , I D,   f ½ ¯  ½°  °n¾¾f°¾f°°½nf°¾½f°nn¾ ½©nn°f°n¯½



[Z`WZ`_

%#&%  $%%%!# %$%&  $$%$!$$   #!#! D-9  -@J-9--@ ,

#%!$%!$%#    $$

7;03,733',3/49078;%4303/$438:9/,3/49078  4,90!,24;049/37;7!,90,3/37   #&$%#$'#$$$   -fn¯-ffn¯

°nf¾ °f,,ff°©°¾





%#&% %09479 415,883 4118 , 5,79 41 2:. /07 .,3;,8 410, 7020/08.439743 :31,7 .425099;057,.9.0898,9479-,80/43.42243,,3/2,3842070850.9-0.,5,-0 41/0;0452039%00, ,3/ 0.4342. 4-0.9 4198 9479894574;/0 57490.943 14790 79 415745079 . 089 349 3 ,5,79.:,7 3,20 2,747890-:9 8 ,3 089,-80/  -:83088 47 44/ %0 .43.059 41 5,883 411 ,8 :3/07430 .,308 390 .4:780 41 920917899,870897.90/9490705708039,94341430507843844/8,8948041,34907 ,907 9 ,8 0903/0/ 94 -:83088 ,3/ 807;.08 $:-806:039 9 ,8 1:7907 0903/0/ 94  5741088438,3/34397,/3,.9;908%4/,98,550/942,31472841:31,797,/3,3/ :31,7.4250994307090,.9;90841430507843.,:80/,2,0473:7949044/ ,884.,90/990,.9;90841,349075078434774:5415078438$49480207.,3/8047 .,7743-:83088 :3/078:., 3,202,7/08.759434749078038:., 2,3307,894 280,/9 0 5:-. 394 -00;3 9,9 90 207.,3/80 47 -:83088 8 41 4907 507843 8 , 743,.943,-0,9908:9419,94907507843 %0 ,.943 ,7480 390 33090039 .039:7 ,3/ /0503/0/ :543 90 8250 573.509,9 ,  50784383499480844/478807;.08:3/0790570903.09,990,70948041490789 8,743-.,97,/07:808/0.059;0/0;.08945:8:588,08,3/,4844/8 945,88411:3/0790257088439,944/8,70418420490750784318420-4/:80890 8,204782,73,201478574/:.9,89,941905,391147-90,90:52,089,550,7 9,990,70905,3911844/90743415,8834118.42290/%0/0103/,398/:9 ,7808 0;0; 94:9 90 57441 41 ,3 340/0 41 3903943 94 /0.0;0 9 8 ,84 349 308808,7 94 574;0 9,9 ,3 /,2,0 ,8 .,:80/ %0 5:75480 41 9479 41 5,883 411 8 94  57490.99044/.,.42207.,2,,;00,730/849,9344907507843.,32,0 :80418,20 %8 , 8 /0830/ 94 94 57490.9 97,/078 ,,389 9,9 1472 41 :31,7 .42509943 . .43889 3 ,.6:73 147 430801  - 20,38 41 1,80 47 280,/3 /0;.08 90 -03019 41 705:9,943,70,/,.0;0/-907;,97,/078472,90/0103/,39800894,.6:7098  -03019 -5,883 411844/8,8 ,3/ 14790 44/8 4190 5,39113 430 472470 4190 24/08850.10/



$%%%!# !,883 11 8 34 430 8 ,40/ 94 5,88 411 8 44/8 ,3/ 807;.08 ,8 9480 41 49078 !,883 11 .43889841 !,883 11 4308 44/8 47 807;.08 ,8 -03 9,9 41 ,34907 - .70,9390 044/ 41.431:843 -0900343084344/847 807;.08,3/9480 419,9 ,34907%0,41 5,8834118,94799 ,980089457490.9;.928070,33/;/:,47 .425,3 .,28 94 574/:.0 44/8 47 41107 807;.08 ,8 8420-4/ 080 47 9 90 057088  50728843418420-4/08038:.,2,33079,9/0.0;0890.438:207394-00;39,9 90 ,70 5:7.,83 9044/8 47807;.08 41 9,93/;/:,47.425,3 9,99097:89 ,3/ 70.430 %0 5708039 89:/ 14.:808 4390 088039,8 41 5,883 411 ;,7908 41 5,883 411 ,9 8 44/,9,709029415,883411,3/7020/08574;/03,147909479415,883 4113985740.99014436:08943-0,38070/ O

,9,7090088039,8415,883411

O

,9820,39-90907244/

O

,9,7090298415,883411

O

,9,70907020/08574;/0/3,147909479415,88341

O

,98900307,573.5070,93945,883411

%$%& %02094/4189:/:80/3985740.9,702,3/4.973,,3/9084:7.041/,9,,701742 -7,7 84:7.0 ,3/ 90 3907309 84:7.08 %0 /,9, ,8 -003 9,0 1742 90 -448 ,3/ ,84 70,-04;07320398908,;0-003:80/



 $$%$!$$ @½9f¾¾°¯°¾¾¾°f¾f¾f¾ O

¯¾½¾°f°

O

,ff°n¾f

O

@½¾½nn¾¯¾¾¯fn°¾¯¾¾f°¾n¾¾½½¯

O

Jn¾nfnf°©¾°¾¾f°ff°

O

Jnnf¾¾f°¾fnff¯ff¾°¾¾f¾¯ fn°¾

 070.431:84339023/8415:-.8349034:94089,-8,.,80415,883411:3088 9070 8 78 41 /,2,0 94 90 .,2,398  ,3/ 90701470 1448 9,9 90 9479 8 349 .422990/ 1 9,9 44/ ,8 349 -003 089,-80/ %0 2,9907 41 8420 831.,3.0 3 24/073 .43/943 41 97,/0 8 90 4.,9 41 90 44/ ,3/ ,3 ,.943 08 43 1 90 .,2,39,844/070 

#!#! !,883118,3,.943,-0743147,97,/078494.43/:.98-:83088,8940,/9490  -0019,9844/8807;.0847-:83088,709044/8807;.0847-:8308841,349073 47/07948:..00/9044/847807;.0847-:830882:89,;0 



893.9;0308898,570706:890 3,3,.9431475,8834119,9905,391184:/

 574;09,9902,990790:8041.8.425,30/418/893.9;041844/847807;.08 47-:830885,39110307,90844/-90:8041,/893.9;03,202,7/08.75943 4709:5370,94394844/8807;.0847-:830881902,75,39118:838349 /893.9;041234,.943,-028705708039,943,780-/0103/,398:80419070 ,47/473,:80/43-43097,/07802540/-490783908,203041-:83088 909089-.,/0.843894-0,77;0/,909079047/,8-0.420  5:-.:788 090792,89,;0900110.9413/:.3905:-.94-:44/83492,/0-90 473,4307419097,/02,7,8190070844/8 

09 :5  9 8 5488-0 147 90 09 :5 41 44/8 90 8,50 .44:7 ,3/ /0.47,943 41

 5,.,309.-20,3841.44/847-:83088570280,70/03910/94-0.4200 034: 343 ,83/.,93 9480 41 , 5,79.:,797,/07 147 :80 419,909:5 - 49078 94 ,24:3994!,88311 08.759;057088438983490,894089,-844/3,3,20..43889841

/08.759;047/8,3/90,870:.9,3994,447/3,7/08.759;047/839038 ,3:,094-0103.0/41184,894-0.4209057;,90570807;0414305,79.:,797,/08507843 

8705708039,9438 ,.943,-0 ,8 !,883 11  %070 .,3 -0 34 5,883 411 94:9

28705708039,943,.9:,47,39.5,90/38, /480 349 574;/0, 0307,7020/147 :31,7 .42509943 390,-803.0 41, 28705708039,943 :3/07 90 :80 41 ,3 ,.943 41  5,883 411%:8902070 82,79-09003905,39118 ,3//0103/,398 3,20 4144/8 0;031/0-07,90/480349;0780,.,:8041,.943,94:90702,-049077020/08 ,7834:9419,982,7937089070/97,/02,73173020391903,2087089070/ ,3/.457947/0837931730203943;07803490;0728705708039,9432,/0- , 507843 ,-4:9 8 44/ 47 807;.08 ;08 780 94 ,3 ,.943 147 5,883 411 - 8420430 /,2,0/9070- %7,/02,78,3/97,/03,208 19097,/02,787089070/1479044/8.43.0730/

,35,88341180943;4;03173020394190798;03-70897,943,84%070 2,40;07-0,8:..0881:,.9431475,883411,94:9097,/02,7.43.0730/8349 7089070/19.,3-08439,990705:9,943412,788:.9,990:8041/0103/,39,8 2,/0 41 9831,.9 /0.059;0 9834930.088,7147905,391194849,9028018 343 94 90 5:-. - 3,20  9,9 8 30.088,7 94 84 9,9 90 97,/0 47 90 5:-. 

70.4309 02,736:08943,8 /034939044/8 41,5,79.:,7 2,3:1,.9:707849,9, 8:-89,39, 574547943 41 90 5:-. -:3:3/07 90 2,7 3 6:08943 4:/ -0 0 94 0.0599409844/8 &80412,73/110703910/ 070,5,3911,3//0103/,39:80,.4224347;07

82,7 2,7 147 /1107039 44/8 47 807;.08 9 8 , 6:08943 41 1,.9 0907 47 349 90  5,3911844/3902,70903/8949010/3.90/0103/,398:83902,7 ,3/090790:80-90/0103/,39-08:.,8943;4;0,28705708039,943 %90841907,747809. 8 ,7:0 9070.,3-0 34 .4579 3 , 2070990 430

 507843 2, 349 3 , /0.059;0 ,3/ 3:74:8 2,3307 0254 47 .44:7,- 29,90 , 990 ,70,/ 3 :80 41 ,34907 9 8 ,.943,-0 94 ,11 ,34308 3,20 94 , 907,7 /7,2,9. 2:8.,47,7989.4741.0834990,:94784,894259,990478847 ,/4590/ 1742 , 47 41 8 ,3/ 070 90 507843 .43.0730/ 8 ,3 ,:947 41 089,-80/ 705:9,943 8:. ,3 25.,943  -0 ,.943,-0 ,8 5,883 411 94:9 ,.9:, :80 41 8 3,20 &8041433,20 8:73,208349,20380,5745079,3/1,2,38.,0/-

842049079,3870,3,2002,,.6:70880.43/3,20-705:9,94338:..,800 349-070897,30/1742:83943089:9,2,3834903990/94:808433,20 /8430893 47/079,9 844/8 2, -05,88411 ,8,3/147 9044/841 ,34907:9 3 47/0794/057;0241907990702:89-00;/03.041/8430894:98/0902070:8041 3,200,70802-,3.03902,330741/85,41903,204790.43.0,2039419,95,79 419,93,20./110781742905,39118-90:804182,07.,7,.90794:,3 3/;/:, 97,/078 03990/ 9497,/0 :3/078 43 3,20 0;039 4: 0 9070- 09890  -030194190705:9,94341,7;,97,/0741908,203,20,33.47547,90/.425,3,8349 908,207994:80903,20841988,704/078

 &#!# 3.,80419479415,88341190-:7/0341574417089843905,3911347/07942,39,3 908:9415,883411901443938,;094-0574;0/-905,3911



%0744/089839023/41905:7.,835:-.

%0/0103/,392,/0,28705708039,943094/0.0;0905:-. %,928705708039,943/,2,089044/4190.,2,39

# % !$$   % 

3,3,.94314717,:/47/0.0990708/0.0594341905,39114,0089,90 2801,8-003280/-9089,902039070,835,88341190/0.059438349 9,9415,3911-:9418420-4/080

 3,3,.943147/0.09905,3911.,28.425038,94314790488.,:80/942,8 , .43806:03.0 41 2 -03 /0.0;0/ :9 3 ,3,.943 41 5,883 411 90 5,3911 80089457490.985745709,77983844/47-:83088.8970,9030/  -90/0.0594347.431:8434790044/41/0.0594347.431:843414907  %0 743 41 /0.09 8 .43899:90/ 03 90 5,3911 ,8 -003 ,.9:, /0.0;0/ 070,8,3,.9431475,88341190044/41/0.059434149078034:  3/0.0990,.943147/,2,08890435745077020/070,83.,8041947941  5,883411907020/413:.9438,84,;,,-0



#$

390947941!,8834110307,943/841/0103.08,70,;,,-0 3:.9433390723:3.9432,0/09072309013,4:9.42092,-0/4303,

6:,10/1472070897,3390/0103/,391742/8548341844/894:98:11.039 /893:83902174290.,2,398 ,2,08,2,082,-07,390/370850.941488089490.,2,3947390,9073,9;0 ,3,..4:3941574192,/0-90/0103/,391742905,883411 

#%!$% !$%# 33/,909479415,88341135:7;041902,0,3/44/41!:-.!07843,9088 3983,8.03989,0%3833/,,70349,8/0;0450/,890,703907089419047/3 70,7/894 98 1472 41%4794:8 ,-9 40;07 3 90 0,7 938944, 9:73 3 3/, ,8 0 %,2 4;0$9,7 #,3,397,80/ , .43974;078, 2/ 2:. 1,31,70 ,9 90 700,80419012,-,0,334:3.0/9,90,//0./0/9457490.9,5,79.:,7839,9 0:808 38128;0790 0,7890,.947,//0;0450/,.079,33.0 14728010 ,/.:9;,90/ ,3 2,0 . 3.:/0/, 50.:,7 2,3307 41 93 , .,70990 0,73 8:3,88083,.079,32,330709.849,9430,87023/0/41#,3,39034308,9 40;0798:36:08904190,.947,8-03.450/-/1107039,.9478,3/.47547,9438 3973945,8841190744/83903,20,3/44/0,730/-90,.947%83/00/ ,8,;4,9434190 5:-.9798433070399490,.947%8 ,8,,3/2,7390 3/,310/4194794:8,-9,3/4:/4,43,3/0;0453909479415,883411 3 90 &390/ $9,908 9070 8 ,9 8 343 ,8 507843,9 798 %080 ,70 -74,/ 0 ,..0590/798 .,4,33/;/:,94 05498.,7,.90747 0,250:3/0790 ,4190$9,9041,8394398057088 89,90/9,9 0;073/;/:,,8900.:8;0  574507979390:8041847073,20;4.083,9:7054947,54703088$:., 79 2, -0 97,3810770/ 47 .0380/ ,3/ /408 349 0570 :543 /0,9 &3,:9470/ :80 41  507843,97988,3317302039,3/,.943,-0 3 $3,5470 ,3/ 90 &390/ 3/42 8:. 798 /4 349 089 507 80 &39 70.039 ,3.,7 798 070 89709.0/ 94 70/7088 90 89:,943 40;07 - /013943 8:. .439479438 41903 708:90/ 3 0, ,3/ :38,981,.947 7020/08 47 0,250 90 , 41 .4579 ,3/7089070/97,/0 2,78 2, 574;/0 8420 7001 070 , -:83088 ,8 :80/ 94:9.03.0,.45790/54947,541,507843,947,7089070/97,/02,7.8 390030884190507843,9489:38.7:5:4:8-:8308808,7040;0782,79034:



349942,08:.002039,7289,08390.7.:289,3.08.,808411,8003/478020398,70 /11.:994570;039



$$ 7;03,733',3/49078;%4303/$438:9/,3/49078 ,.98 !,3911 2,3:1,.9:70/,.44. /73 ,/;4.,,9 2,/0 41 08 ,3/ 8579 %8 /73 ,8 2,/0 0.:8;0, 2489 30907,3/,3/ 84/33,3/147 4;07 0,78,3/ 9:8 ,8 ,.6:70/705:9,943,3/44/ 013/,39,842,/0,3,.44./7341/70/08,3/ .37:880772,7090/,84/38/;4.,,9898/73,/$0773890,/418579 849857.0,8484,0307,:80.,3349/893:8-090039094/738!,3911 10/,3,550, :/02039 %0 3:3.943 ,8 7,390/ -:9 90 .4:79 41,550, /8.,70/9 0 3:3.943 :9 ,90 43 1:7907,550,3:3.943,87089470/ 

4,90!,24;049/37;7!,90,3/37  %$ 

%0 !,3911 .,20/ 9,9 90 070 90 5745709478 41 90 0343 97,/02,7 %%0/893.9;0,3/5747:80419009:5419070/,3/90.44:78.020 ,/,99,30/70,9705:9,943,3/44/%05,3911,00/9,990/0103/,398574/:.98 % 3 70/ ,3/ 90 .44:7 8.020 ,8 ,3 29,943 41 90 5,39118 574/:.9 %0701470 90 5,3911 10/ , $:9 147 5072,3039 3:3.943 70897,33 317302039 41 %7,/02,75,883411 :31,7.42509943,3//,2,08.,239,9901443798,/  -003;4,90/ @D,-@ f¾  f@f¯f ¾f°f °  #@°  n °   fn° f°°  f° n¾n¯ f°@ ¾¾°f f  ½f°¾¯ff¾#@°¾n°n°ffn°f°°f° nn¯°f°f°@¾f½°¯f-@°°n°f fn°°n°¾°°¯°°f°¾½f°¾¯f¾ff¾n    #   !%0 

nf°nn¯°f°¾n¯¯° ½f¾f°¯¾n f¾  f¾  °°f°f ¯f f° nf°°  ¯°½  f° ½f   °f°¾ f f   ¾f°  ½f¾¾°  ¾°n  f¾ ¾n° ¾¯f°n °½f°¾f°°f°¾½n@¾ff ° ½f¾¾°  °n  ½n ¾ ¯f   °f°¾ f¾ ½  f½½ ½fnf° ¾°   ° ° °¾n½° -@ @  ¾¾ ¾°° °°¾n½°¾°n½f°½fnf°¯fOO@°f°¾½¯ ¯f½n½¾f¾½½fnf°¯¾° f°©f°ff°°°°½fnf°

#&$%#$'#$$$  %$

%0 5,3911 8 ,3,78 ,88 ,3/ 749078 070 7089070/ 574509078 41 90 97,/02,7 #370850.941,9.0892050.08.4.8,3/9075,798%0,/-003803 .4.8 :3/07 98 97,/0 3,20 83.0



%0 /0103/,39 2,3:1,.9:70/ 92050.08 9

97,/02,7 ,7,43 57390/ 43 90 /, 41 90 92050.08 3 90 .,7/-4,7/ .439,307 .439,33 92050.0 ,8 57390/ # &$%#$ # !& %0 /0103/,39,/4590/988903%0!,3911-74:9,31473:3.943 &%

%0 5,3911 ,8 7,390/ 3:.943 -0.,:80 9 ,8 .0,7 .,80 41 5,883 411 ,3/ ,84 41  5,391187089070/97,/02,7



,:7.42;,:,7 .42  ,.98 %0 5,39118 430/ , 5479,147 574;/34-455479:3908 3,20 3,:7.42%0

/0103/,398 ,84 45030/,349075479, 3,20/ 3,:,7.42 .45390 03970 1472,9 4190 0-890%05,3911824;0/147,33:3.943

   #0 

42#



:/02039

%0 .4:790/9,99070 .,3 -0 34 /4:-9 9,9 90 94 2,78/42,3 3,208

#41905,39118 ,3/#4190/0103/,398,70,2489 82,7 %43,208  -03,248982,733,9:70907080;075488-9413907309:807-03.431:80/,3/ /0.0;0/3-00;39,9-49/42,33,208-04394430.4224384:7.0,3/.4330.943 ,94:94-04394/11070395078438%07014703:3.943,87,390/

:77039.,80 

43/,494749/;7,7,39$39078  ,.98

398.,80905,39110709043/,49478,3/90/0103/,390707,7,39$3 ,3/9078%05,3911070901,24:8.,780078 41,5,3,3/,/089,-80/44/ 3902,7098490/0103/,3989,790/803.440789908,2097,/03,2043/, %8,.94190/0103/,39,8/43094,390-03019419044/41905,3911897,/0 3,2043/, :/2039

%0434:7,-04:79/82880/90/0103/,398,0,943,3/0/9,990 0103/,398,/,/4590/9003432,743/,9497,/04119044/,3/ 705:9,943;0890/3902,7:7907897,,/4594341,33;0390/47//408349;00, 79%05,3911,8,572,1,.0 .,80,3/90/0103/,398.4393:0/7431::804190 2,7;0878094,70.:773.,:8041,.943

   !% 

#! O

310/44;.%4798

O

,3,# ,41%4798,,-,/,03.

O

4:7802,907,,4194798 97208907

O

995,2,79,884.,908.42,79.085,88392

O

/5,:,.425,0833:,9,943#054795/1 

3/

