TORRE DE ENFRIAMIENTO GRUPO C - Ing Karina Lozada

 

ZDLPJ[QLNCN DCALMDCB OC\M[ NJ QCD OC[AMQ

 

@CAZB^CN NJ SZÏOLAC J LDFJDLJ[ÏC SZÏOLAC JCY LDFJDLJ[ÏC SZÏOLAC ^JOC7 ^M[[J NJ JD@[LCOLJD^M

AZ[QM7 BCKM[C^M[LM NJ LDFJDLJ[ÏC SZÏOLAC LL Y[M@JQM[C7 Hcrldc Blzjte Bmzcnc Acstlbbm CZ^M[JQ7 NJBFCNM QCD^C A[ZW, Gucd Acrbms JQAMKC[ AACD^M, [mddlj @ìblx M[^JFC NCPLBC, Acrbc Cdnrjc

@JAEC NJ [JCBLWCALÑD7 90/3;/;; @JAEC NJ JD^[JFC7 3;/93/;; Bloc ‑ Yjr÷ ;9;3-LL

 

[JQZOJD............................ [JQZOJD...... ............................................ ............................................ ................................................................. ...........................................11 LD^[MNZAALÑD.......................... LD^[MNZAALÑD.... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................................> ..................................> NLQAZQLÑD ELQ^Ñ[LAC........... ELQ^Ñ[LAC................................. ............................................ ............................................ ....................................0 ..............0 Y[LDALYLMQ ^JÑ[LAMQ............. ^JÑ[LAMQ................................... ............................................ .........................................................< ...................................< NJ^CBBJQ JUYJ[LOJD^CBJQ...................... JUYJ[LOJD^CBJQ............................................ ............................................ ................................36 ..........36 ^CKBC NJ NC^MQ.................................. NC^MQ........................................................ ................................................................ ..........................................35 35 [JQZB^CNMQ..........................................................................................................;3 NLQAZQLÑD NJ [JQZB^CNMQ....... [JQZB^CNMQ............................. ............................................ .................................................;1 ...........................;1 AMDABZQLMDJQ...................... AMDABZQLMDJQ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ................................... .............;> ;> [JAMOJDNCALMDJQ................... [JAMOJDNCALMDJ Q......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ..............................;: ........;: KLKBLMF[C@ÏC.............................. KLKBLMF[C@ÏC........ ............................................ ............................................ .................................................... ..............................;0 ;0 CDJUM7 JGJOYBM NJ ACBAZBMQ............................. ACBAZBMQ...................................................................... .........................................;6 ;6 CDJUM F[C@LAMQ................................ F[C@LAMQ...................................................... ............................................ ............................................1: ......................1:

 

[JQZOJD

Jb prj prjsjd sjdtj tj ld` ld`mro mrojj am amrrj rrjspm spmdn dnjj c bc prã prãatl atlac ac nj ‒^mrrj ‒^mrrj nj jd`rlc jd`rlcolj oljdtm dtm‟, ‟, bcs amdnlalmdjs cokljdtcbjs jd bcs quj sj bbjvñ c ackm bc jxpjrljdalc `ujrmd ;9·A y 6:0 ooEf nj prjslñd ctoms`ìrlac. Qj pbcdtjc njtjroldcr njb amj`laljdtj nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc fbmkcb y nj pjbïaubc amdmaljdnm bc cbturc nj bc tmrrj y bcs amdnlalmdjs amdnlalmdjs njb cfuc y jb clrj c bc jdtrcnc y scblnc nj bc tmrrj. Cnjoãs, tcoklìd sj jvcbucrã bc ld`bujdalc nj bc vjbm vj bmal alnc ncnn nj `bug `bugmm nj cfuc cfuc jd jb jd`r jd`rlc lcol oljd jdtm tm.. Qj tr trck ckcg cgcd cd c bm bmss ac acun uncb cbjs js nj 3:,;9,;:,19,1:,>9 B/old. mktjdlìdnmsj amj`laljdtjs fbmkcbjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc  pcrc acnc udc nj bcs rjflmdjs omstrcnc jd bc ‒frã`lac 5>9) 9),, Ec Ecdj djoc ocdd dd (350 (350>) >),, [u [unm nmr` r``` (350 (350

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^ckbc D¹17 ^ckbc nj nctms tjñrlams pcrc amdstrulr bc aurvc nj jqulblkrlm. ^(¹A)

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^ckbc D¹>7 Euojncn cksmbutc y jdtcbpïc nj clrj scturcnm jd bc jdtrcnc y scblnc. Drm. AM[[LNC

Sjdtrcnc (B/old)

@BZGM OCQLAM YM[ Ã[JC (Hf/so;)

EZOJNCN (E3) C BC JD^[CNC (HfE;M/Hf Clrj Qjam)

EZOJNCN

Eyjdtrcnc (hG/hf)

Eyscblnc (hG/hf)

(E;) C BC QCBLNC (HfE;M/HfClrj Qjam)

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NLQAZQLÑD NJ [JQZB^CNMQ 

Nj bms aãbaubms rjcblzcnms sj mksjrvc quj bms j`jatms nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc smd oïdloms, bm aucb sj njkj c bms amj`laljdtjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc ouy  pjqujóms. Qld jokcrfm, jb jj`jatm `jatm prmnualnm jd jb bïqulnm nurcdtj bc jvcpmrcalñd c pjscr nj sjr pjqujóm fjdjrc frcdnjs njsvlcalmdjs jd bms aãbaubms, prmkckbjojdtj acuscnms pmr bc `mrocalñd nj djkbldc.



Nj bms rjsubtcnms mktjdlnms pcrc jb amj`laljdtj nj trcds`jrjdalc nj acbmr sj mksjrvc quj ecy njsvlcalmdjs jdtrj bcs nlstldtcs rjpjtlalmdjs, jstm pujnj eckjr slnm prmvmacnm pmr bms vcbmrjs jopïrlams tmocnms cb omojdtm nj njtjroldcr bc pjdnljdtj nj bc rjatc nj udlñd jdtrj bc aurvc nj jqulblkrlm y bc bïdjc nj mpjrcalñd, mtrm `catmr quj punm eckjr ld`bujdalcnm jd bms rjsubtcnms `uj jb usm nj bms amj`laljdtjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc mktjdlnms jd pcsms  prjvlms.



Nj caujrnm c bc frã`lac mktjdlnc pmr jb oìtmnm nj Olahbjy y tjdljdnm jd aucdtc bc tjmrïc sj amrrmkmrc bc `mrocalñd nj dljkbc, njklnm quj, cb omojdtm nj frc`lacr bc aurvc nj bc amdnlalñd nj bc `csj fcsjmsc, jstc bbjfc c ldtjrsjacr amd bc aurvc nj bc amdnlalñd ldtjr`calcb (aurvc nj jqulblkrlm). Bc sjrljncn njb  prmkbjoc nj bc `mrocalñd `mrocalñd nj dljkbc nurcdtj jb prmajs prmajsmm dms bbjvc c aamdslnjrcr mdslnjrcr dujvcs amdnlalmdjs amdnlalmdjs nj mpjrcalñd pujstm quj nj mpjrcr c bcs amdnlalmdjs

 

 prjvlcs ldvmbuarc ldvmbuarc ldamdvjdljdtj ldamdvjdljdtjss rjbcalmdcnms c amstms, sjfurlncn sjfurlncn y j`laljdalc.

AMDABZQLMDJQ 

Bms vcbmrjs nj bms amj`laljdtjs fbmkcbjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc pcrc acnc udc nj bcs rjflmdjs `ujrmd7 3.:;3x39-0, 1.13;x39-5, :.1:x39-5, 1.900x39-5.



Bms vcbmrjs nj bms amj`laljdtjs fbmkcbjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj acbmr pcrc acnc udc nj bcs rjflmdjs `ujrmd7 3.>x39-9, 1.9>..6:>x39-;, ;.5;1x39-;.



Nj caujrnm amd bms rjsubtcnms rjprjsjdtcnms jd bc frc`lac (U), mksjrvcoms udc ldtjrsjaalñd amd bc aurvc nj ldtjr`csjs bm aucb rjprjsjdtcrïc udc amdnlalñd nj dljkbc8 js njalr, bc `csj fcsjmsc fbmkcb cbacdzcrïc bc scturcalñd. Nj dm  prjsjdtcrsj nlaec nlaec ldtjrsjaalñ ldtjrsjaalñd, d, bc ambuodc sjrïc mmpjrckbj8 pjrckbj8 njklnm qquj uj pcrc dujstrms rjsubtcnms jxlstj nlaec ldtjrsjaalñd sj pujnj amdabulr quj vc c `mrocrsj jb `jdñojdm nj dljkbc. @ïslacojdtj, bc dljkbc rjprjsjdtc ud ldamdvjdljdtj sjrlm. Ql sj `mroc, bc sjpcrcalñd nj bcs fmtcs nj bc amrrljdtj fcsjmsc prldalpcb js amstmsc j ldamdvjdljdtj. Bcs pìrnlncs nj cfuc smd jbjvcncs jd udc mpjrcalñd nj jd`rlcoljdtm nj cfuc. Jd udc mpjrcalñd nj njseuolnl`lacalñd, njseuolnl`lacalñ d, sj `rustrc jb mkgjtlvm prldalpcb. Amd slstjocs nlstldtms cb nj clrj-cfuc, bc prjsjdalc nj dljkbc pujnj amdstltulr ud pjblfrm sjrlm pcrc bc scbun m udc pìrnlnc jamdñolac.

 



Bms vcbmrjs mktjdlnms nj amj`laljdtj fbmkcb nj trcds`jrjdalc nj ocsc smd oïdlocs, pmr bm quj sj amdabuyj quj dm js ud `catmr prjnmoldcdtj jd jstc jxpjrljdalc, sld jokcrfm, sj tmoc jd aujdtc yc quj euolnl`lac cb clrj  pjroltlìdnmsj jb cdãblsls cdãblsls fjdjrcb.



 

[JAMOJDNCALMDJQ 

Qj njkj jspjrcr jb tljopm djajscrlm cdtjs nj bc tmoc nj nctms pcrc quj jb slstjoc bbjfuj c ud jstcnm jstcalmdcrlm.



Csjfurcr bc jstcklblncn njb prmajsm, rjfubcdnm prjslñd nj vcpmr y `bugm njb `bulnm(cfuc).



Bc ^mrrj nj jd`rlcoljdtm njkj amdtcr amd pubvjrlzcnmrjs (m cspjrsmrjs) quj sjcd j`laljdtjs c aucbquljr amdnlalñd nj `bugm njb bïqulnm, nj jstc `mroc sj amdslfuj ud amdtcatm mptlom jdtrj jb cfuc y jb clrj ctoms`ìrlam jd tmnm jb vmbuojd njb rjbbjdm.



Ycrc csjfurcr bc mpjrcalñd y prjalslñd nj bms nctms y njsacrtcr bms jrrmrjs pmr  amdtcoldcalñd njb jopcquj sj rjamoljdnc ud prmfrcoc nj ocdtjdloljdtm  prjvjdtlvm.



Qj rjamoljdnm amdstrulr bc frã`lac nj bc amdnlalñd nj bc `csj fcsjmsc pcrc  pmnjr prmyjatcr jb amopmrtcoljdtm tjñrlam nj bcs amdnlalmdjs nj mpjrcalñd nj bc tmrrj y vjrl`lacr bc `mrocalñd nj djkbldc8 y nj jstc ocdjrc jvltcr `cbbms jd jb nlsjóm `uturm nj bc tmrrj nj jd`rlcoljdtm y tmocr bcs prjacualmdjs njb acsm.



 

KLKBLMF[C@ÏC



^rjykcb, [mkjrt, ‒Mpjrcalmdjs nj trcds`jrjdalc nj Ocsc‟, Qjfudnc jnlalñd, Jnltmrlcb, pãf ;55.>95 hfCs

Nj bc olsoc `mroc, pcrc bms nms acuncbjs rjstcdtjs.

AÃBAZBM NJB @BZGM NJ CL[J F“ (Hf/o;s)

 

Nj bc rjbcalñd  Bx a b F

? pjdnljdtj?

 Ey ;∛ Ey 3 ^  B B ;∛^  B B 3

^jdjoms7 AB ? >.356 HG/Hf*H 

Aãbaubm nj bc pjdnljdtj Ycrc bc amrrlnc 37 Ycrc jstm uscoms bc slfuljdtj jaucalñd7

 Ey ; ∛ Ey 3  pjdnljdtj? ^  B ; ∛^  B 3

 pjdnljdtj?

∛ >5.9;< >1∛;9

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Yjdnljdtj nj bïdjc nj mpjrcalñd ? 9.930: HG/Hf-H 

F(

  hf ;

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  Bx a b  pjdnljdtj

F(

  hf ;

o s

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9.;95;0 x >.365 9.930:

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ACBAZBM NJB @BZGM OÏDLOM Ycrc bc amrrlnc 37  

Fold?

Bx a b

 Ey ; ocx

  ∛½ Ey 3 ½ ^  B ∛^  B 3

;

Ycrc bc prlojrc amrrlnc nj bc frã`lac ;, bujfm nj trczcr udc rjatc r jatc tcdfjdtj c bc aurvc nj jqulblkrlm, mktjdjoms7  E  y ; oãx ?31:

  HG   Hf clrj sjam

Nctms7  E  y 3? >5.9;< ^ 

;

  HG   Hf clrj sjam

?>1 ¹ A 

 B

^  B 3?;9 ¹ A  A  B ?>.356

  HG   Hf∖ H 

 B? 9.;95;0

  Hf o

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∖Q

Jvcbucdnm7 Fold ( ½

  Bx a b   hf )? ½ ; o s  Ey ; ocx   ∛ ½ Ey 3 ? 9.;95;0 x >.365 ½ 31:∛ >5.9;< ^  B ;∛^  B 3

∛ ;9

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Fold ( ½

  hf ;

o s

)? 9.;1909 ½

Nj bc olsoc ocdjrc pcrc jb rjstm nj amrrlncs (;, 1, >, : y 0)

 

 

NJ^J[OLDCALMD NJB AMJ@LALJD^J FBMKCB Hfc Nj bc rjbcalñd7  z ?

  F

 Ey ;

nEy

∨

 O H F cY  Ey 3  E ∖ y ∛ Ey

Njspjgcdnm Hfc7  Ey ;

 F nEy  H F c ?  OzY  Ey 3  E ∖ y ∛ Ey

 ∨

Ycrc bc Qjaalñd 3 ‑ ; ([jflñd 3)7 ^jdjoms7 W (Cbturc njb bjaem) ? ;.55 o OK (YO nj clrj) ? ;5.3; ∨  E nEy ∛ E 

 E  y  3

 yl

 y

Zscdnm bc slfuljdtj jaucalñd njtjroldcoms jb  E  y ;

nEy ∨    E  ∛ E 

  F  H F c ? ∖½ W ∖ YO ∖ Y

 E  y 3

 yl

 y

 

13.90<

  Hf ;

 H F c ?

∖9.>3;

o  Hf ∖s ;.55 o∖;5.y :)

 

ACBAZBM NJB AMJ@LALJD^J NJ YJBLAZBC Ycrc njtjroldcr jb amj`laljdtj nj pjbïaubc sj usc jb oìtmnm nj Olahbjy. Qj tljdj bc tjopjrcturc nj jdtrcnc y scblnc, njb clrj y njb cfuc `rïc rjspjatlvcojdtj, bc cbturc nj bc tmrrj, tjdjoms bcs slfuljdtjs rjbcalmdjs7 ∛ e B c  H f cOY

? pjdnljdtj

Bujf Bu jfmm nj vc vcrl rlcs cs pr pruj ujkc kcss y jrrm jrrmrr sj mk mktu tuvm vm ud udcc pjd pjdnlj nljdtj dtj nj -9.13: -9.13:;; ;;, mktjdlìdnmsj udc tjopjrcturc nj scblnc nj clrj ^KQ; ? ;9.3¹A

 

Bms trczms rjcblzcnms uscdnm jb oìtmnm nj Olahbjy, sj prjsjdtcd jd bc slfuljdtj

frã`lac.

 

Zscdnm bc slfuljdtj `ñroubc njtjroldcoms jb amj`laljdtj fbmkcb nj trcds`jrjdalc tr cds`jrjdalc nj acbmr (eBc) ∛ e B c  H f cOY

? pjdnljdtj

Aãbaubm nj eBc, pcrc bc [jflñd 37

∛0

e B c ?∛(∛9.13:;; ) x 3.:;3 x 3 9  x ;5.99∖39

9

  Hw 1

o ¹ A 

Njb ols olsom om omn omnmm sj rjc rjcblz blzcd cd bms aãb aãbau aubms bms pc pcrc rc nj njtjr tjrold oldcr cr bms Amj Amj`la `laljd ljdtjs tjs Fbmkcbjs nj ^rcds`jrjdalc nj Acbmr pcrc bcs mtrcs rjflmdjs (rjflñd ;, 1, >y :)

 

CDJUM F[C@LAMQ

F[C@LAC 37 Aurvc nj jqulblkrlm Cfuc-Clrj

f[Ã@LAC 3. AZ[PC NJ JSZLBLK[LM JSZLBLK[LM :99.999 >:9.999 >99.999 1:9.999     )    f     h     /    G    H     (    y    E

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NJ^J[OLDCALMD NJ^J[OLDCALM D NJB @BZGM OÏDLOM F[C@LAC ;7 @bugm D¹3 m amrrlnc 3, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

69

 

F[C@LAC 17 @bugm D¹; m amrrlnc ;, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

F[C@LAC >7 @bugm D¹1 m amrrlnc 1, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

 

F[C@LAC :7 @bugm D¹> m amrrlnc >, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

F[C@LAC 07 @bugm D¹: m amrrlnc :, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

 

F[C@LAC 67 @bugm D¹0 m amrrlnc 0, pcrc njtjroldcr jb F oïdlom y Ey oãx.

NJ^J[OLDCALÑD NJ^J[OLDCALÑ D NJB AMJ@LALJD^J FBMKCB NJ ^[CDQ@J[JDALC ^[CDQ@J[JDALC NJ OCQC (Hfc) F[C@LAC 57 Frã`lac nj bc aurvc nj jqulblkrlm y bc bïdjc nj mpjrcalñd, pcrc njtjroldcr bms vcbmrjs nj Eyl.

 

F[C@LAC 5.37 Frã`lac quj rjprjsjdtc udc sjaalñd nj bc frã`lac 5, rjprjsjdtcdnm bms trczms c bcs nlstldtcs tjopjrcturcs, pcrc njtjroldcr bms vcbmrjs nj Eyl.

 

F[C@LAC