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Vjkvfrsk`h` Jhakljhi `f ^kurh Chauith` `f Hrquktfaturh y Vrohjksel

_FALJLAKEKFJPL PL @F _FALJLAKEKFJ KJQP_VEFJPLQ PL^LB_HCKALQ Plplbrhcåh

Ahtf`rh7 Kjb. Guikl Htlamf Fstu`khjtf7 Bljahivfs Buhr`frhs @hrak Okhjah

Cfamh7 ?2 `f sfptkfeorf `fi ?>8;

 

 

Kjclref `f ^rhatkah J¾ 8

_faljlakekfjtl `f Kjstruefjtls Plplbrèckals

Mlrh `f kjkakl7 8>7>> he `fi `åh ?> `f sftkfeorf `fi ?>8;. Pfepfrhturh7 ??A¾. Aikeh7 Juoih`l. Vokahakñj7 Hihef`h Ahekjl _fhi `f ih Vjkvfrsk`h`

Jhakljhi `f ^kurh, hi crfjtf c rfjtf `f ih Chauith` `f faljleåh. Mlrh `f ckjhi `f ih prhatkah7 8871> he

Cifxñeftrl7

Vj cifxñeftrl fs uj kjstruefjtl phrh ef`kr iljbktu`fs yh sfhj mlrkzljthifs l vfrtkahifs. aljskstf fj ujh akjth cifxkoif brh`uh`h y quf sf puf`f fjrliihr   `f hafrl tfepih`l fjrliih`l `fjtrl `f ujh ahrahsh, ih auhi aufjth alj uj efahjksel quf pfrektf quf fsth skfeprf rfbrfsf `fjtrl ujh vfz tfrekjh`h ih thrfh `f ef`kakñj. Ckjhiefjtf aufjth alj uj sfburl phrh fvkthr quf ih akjth rfbrfsf phrh hså pl`fr buhr`hr ih ef`k`h fxhath quf sf tleñ.   Fi ihrbl `f ih akjth `fi cifxñeftrl vhråh `f fjtrf 1 h ?> eftrls `f haufr`l hi usl quf sf if qukfrh `hr. Ils j÷efrls eès brhj`fs rfprfsfjthj puibh`hs, y ils j÷efrls eès pfquføls kj`kahj afjtåeftrls.

 

 

Rkjamh7

Qf ushj phrh ef`kr `ksthjakhs y fstèj mfamhs `f `kcfrfjtfs ehtfrkhifs, iljbktu`fs y pfsls. Ihs eès aleujfs fstèj mfamhs `f tfih y `f uj ehtfrkhi kepfrefhoif alj uj rfcufrzl `fibh`l `f 0, 3 u = mkils `f hafrl l `f orljaf phrh kepf`kr quf sf hihrbufj alj fi usl. Ihs iljbktu`fs ehs aleujfs slj `f 1>, 6>, 8>> y ?>> ?> > e.

Ghiñj7

Vj ghiñj l ohikzh fs uj haafslrkl phrh rfhikzhr ef`kakljfs alj kjstruefjtls tlplbrèckals, lrkbkjhiefjtf frh ujh vhrh ujh vhrh ihrbh `f `f eh`frh  eh`frh `f sfaakñj akiåj`rkah4 sfaakñj akiåj`rkah4   fj ih hatuhik`h` sf chorkahj fj hiuekjkl, amhph `f hafrl, l ckorh l ckorh `f ahroljl, ahroljl,   fj trhels `f 8.6> e. l 8.>> e. `f ihrbl. Hibujls sf fjaufjtrhj pkjth`ls (ils `f hafrl) l aljclreh`ls (ils `f ckorh `f vk`rkl) alj crhjghs hitfrjh`hs bfjfrhiefjtf `f alilr rlgl y oihjal `f ?6 ae `f iljbktu` hitfrjh`ls fjtrf så, phrh quf fi losfrvh`lr puf`h tfjfr ehylr vkskokik`h` `fi logftkvl.

 

Or÷guih7

Ih or÷guih fs uj kjstruefjtl quf skrvf `f lrkfjthakñj y quf tkfjf su cuj`hefjtl fj ih prlpkf`h` `f ihs hbughs ehbjftkzh`hs. ^lr ef`kl `f ujh hbugh kehjth`h quf sføhih fi Jlrtf ehbjëtkal, quf fs `kcfrfjtf phrh ah`h zljh `fi pihjfth, y `kstkjtl `fi Jlrtf bflbrèckal. Vtkikzh alel ef`kl `f cujakljhekfjtl hi ehbjftksel tfrrfstrf. Fj tlplbrhcåh sf puf`fj utkikzhr slihs l fj aleokjhakñj alj ihs ahrths tlplbrèckahs. Fj fi ahsl `f utkikzhrih skj ih ahrth tlplbrèckah skrvfj phrh7 - ^hrh ef`kr ils rueols (èjbuils alj rfspfatl hi jlrtf ehbjëtkal) fj ih quf sf fjaufjtrhj rfcfrfjakhs quf pl`fels losfrvhr fj fi tfrrfjl. - ^hrh kj`kahr ih `krfaakñj `f uj rueol `h`l. - ^hrh ehramhr fj ujh `krfaakñj aljsthjtf. - ^hrh ef`kr `ksthjakhs fj fi tfrrfjl (ef`khjtf uj aèiauil trkbljleëtrkal). 

Pråpl`f tlplbrèckal7

Fs fi slplrtf phrh `kcfrfjtfs kjstruefjtls `f ef`kakñj alel tfl`liktls, fsthakljfs tlthifs, jkvfifs l trèjsktls. Aufjth alj trfs pkfs `f eh`frh l eftèikahs quf slj fxtfjskoifs y tfrekjhj fj rfbhtljfs `f mkfrrl alj fstrkols phrh pkshr y aihvhr fj fi tfrrfjl. @fofj sfr fsthoifs y pfrektkr quf fi hphrhtl quf`f h ih hiturh `f ih vksth `fi lpfrh`lr 8,0> e - 8,6> e. Qlj ÷tkifs theokëj phrh hprlxkehr ih jkvfihakñj `fi hphrhtl. 

 

Pfl`liktl7

Fs uj kjstruefjtl uj kjstruefjtl `f ef`kakñj efaèjkal-ñptkal quf sf utkikzh phrh lotfjfr èjbuils vfrtkahifs y mlrkzljthifs, tkfjf ujh prfakskñj fifvh`h. Alj ltrhs mfrrhekfjths huxkikhrfs puf`f ef`kr `ksthjakhs y `fsjkvfifs. Fs plrtètki y ehjuhi4 fstè mfaml alj ckjfs tlplbrèckals ckjfs  tlplbrèckals f kjbfjkfrkifs,   kjbfjkfrkifs,  slorf tl`l phrh ihs trkhjbuihakljfs. Alj hyu`h `f ujh ekrh ujh  ekrh y ef`khjtf ih thqukeftråh, ih thqukeftråh, puf`f  puf`f ef`kr `ksthjakhs. Vj fqukpl eès el`frjl y slckstkah`l fs fi tfl`liktl fifatrñjkal, y ltrl kjstruefjtl eès slckstkah`l fs ltrl tkpl `f tfl`liktl eès aljlak`l alel fsthakñj alel  fsthakñj tlthi. 

Jkvfi tlplbrèckal7 Fi jkvfi tlplbrèckal, theokëj iiheh`l jkvfi ñptkal l fqukhitåeftrl fs uj kjstruefjtl quf tkfjf alel ckjhik`h` ih ef`kakñj `f `fsjkvfifs fjtrf pujtls quf sf mhiihj h `kstkjths hiturhs l fi trhsih`l `f alths `f alths `f uj pujtl aljlak`l h ltrl `fsaljlak`l. ^uf`fj sfr ehjuhifs l hutleètkals, sfb÷j sf `foh ahikorhr mlrkzljthiefjtf fi jkvfi prkjakphi fj ah`h ifaturh, l fstl sf mhbh hutleètkahefjtf hi pljfr fi kjstruefjtl "fj fsthakñj".

 

  Ekrh7

Fj tlplbrhcåh, Fj tlplbrhcåh,   ujh fsth`åh l ekrh fsth`keëtrkah, fsth`keëtrkah, theokëj iiheh`l fsth`hi fj Ihtkjlheërkah, fs ujh rfbih brh`uh`h quf pfrektf ef`khjtf uj uj jkvfi  jkvfi tlplbrèckal, ef`kr tlplbrèckal, ef`kr `fsjkvfifs, fs `fakr, `kcfrfjakhs `f hiturh. Alj ujh ekrh, theokëj sf puf`fj ef`kr `ksthjakhs alj eëtl`ls alj  trkbljleëtrkals,  trkbljleëtrkals,  l ef`khjtf uj uj tfiëeftrl  tfiëeftrl fsth`keëtrkal kjtfbrh`l `fjtrl `f uj  uj jkvfi tlplbrèckal,  tlplbrèckal,  uj uj tfl`liktl,  tfl`liktl,   l okfj uj uj thquåeftrl.  thquåeftrl.  

Aljaiuskljfs y rfalefj`hakljfs7

Fj fsth prkefrh prhatkah hprfj`å fi jleorf, y fi usl oèskal `f ah`h ujl `f ils kjstruefjtls tlplbrèckals hjtfs efjakljh`ls. Qf rfalekfj`h rfvkshr okfj ils fqukpls hjtfs `f shahrils `fi `fpñsktl y ushrils alj euaml auk`h`l yh quf puf`fj sfr euy `fikah`ls y alstlsls.

 

Cltlbrhcåhs `f ih prhatkah