TOPIK Grammar & Vocabulary Beginner Level

1

Complete Guide To TOPIK Test of Proficiency in Korean

Vocabulary & Grammar BEGINNER LEVEL

By

TOPIK GUIDE www.topikguide.com

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Copyright © 2014 Satish Chandra Satyarthi All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal. First Published: 2014

TOPIK GUIDE Seoul, South Korea www.topikguide.com

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Table of Contents SECTION I............................................................................................................................................................... 6 TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계............................................................................................................................................... 7 TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계 ................................................................................................................................................... 11 TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계 .......................................................................................................................................... 18 TYPE 4. 조사 ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 TYPE 5.접사 .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 TYPE 6. 부정 부사 ................................................................................................................................................ 28 SECTION II ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 1.

Nouns .......................................................................................................................................................... 30

2.

Counting Units ............................................................................................................................................ 41

3.

Verbs ............................................................................................................................................................ 41

4.

Adjectives .................................................................................................................................................... 49

5.

Adverbs ....................................................................................................................................................... 52

6.

Conjunctions ............................................................................................................................................... 55

7.

Question Words .......................................................................................................................................... 55

8.

Numbers ...................................................................................................................................................... 56

1.

Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips ........................................................................................................ 58

2.

How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary .............................................................................................. 59

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SECTION I Complete TOPIK Grammar Beginner Level

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TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계 Grammar

Explanation

Example Sentence

V+아/어/여주다

To do something for someone

iPhone 사주세요 – Please buy me an iPhone.

V+아/어/여드리다

To do something for someone else (honorific of 아/어/여주다)

해드릴게요 – I will do it for you.

V+아/어/여보다

It is used to convey meanings such as 'someone tries doing something (to see how it will turn out) or 'someone does something to see (how it will turn out).'

오늘낙지를먹어봅 시다. Let’s try eating octopus today.

A/V+아/어/여보이다

It conveys meanings such 맛있어 보여요. as likeness, resemblance, It looks delicious. or similarity. When attached directly to the stems of adjectives. The past tense form of this pattern is '-아/어/여보였다.'

A/V+ 아/어/여도

`-도' is used to express 'even if, even though'

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질이 좋아도 비싸요. Even if quality is good but it’s expensive.

A/+V 아/어/여도 되다

This pattern is used to ask for and giving permission. A positive reply should be like 아/어/여도되다/좋다/

들어와도 돼요? May I come in?

괜찮다, For the negative answer to a request for permission, you have to use the pattern '(으)면안되다.' May do’ A/V+아/어/여서 1

V+ 아/어/여서 2

A/V+아/어/여야 되다/하다

Is used to indicate cause or reason; in declarative and interrogative sentences; cannot be used in imperative and propositive sentence, where another connective '-(으)니까' is used It is used when the subject performs one action and then a second one; it is attached to the first verb and is then followed by a second verb.

is used to express obligation or necessity; tense is expressed in the verb '하다'. ‘Must, have to’

아파서 학교에 못 가요. I can’t go school because I’m sick.

아침에 일어나서 샤워를 해요. I take shower after I wake up in the morning.

매일 학교에 가야 돼요. One should go to school daily. 제가 내일 부산에 가야 해요. I have to go to Busan tomorrow.

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V+아/어/여야겠다

Will have to do something.

5 월 말까지 세금을 내야겠어요. I’ll have to pay taxes by end of May.

A/V+아/어/여요

The informal polite speech style (present tense)

나는 시장에 가요/갑니다. I’m going to market. 이 책이 좋아요. This book is good.

A+아/어/여지다

To become/get …something 날씨가 더워져요. (Change is status/degree) The weather is getting hot. 열심히 공부하면 한국어 실력이 좋아질 거예요. If you study hard, your Korean will get better.

A/V+았/었/였다

Past Tense

사라는 어제

It is used to indicate an action which took place in the past or a condition which used to exist.

고향에 갔어요. Sara went to hometown yesterday. 영화가 재미있었어요. The movie was interesting.

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A/V+았/었/였겠다

A/V+았/었/였으면좋 겠다

이/가아니다

This grammar pattern is used to convey supposition, conjecture, a guess, a thought or observation about something in the past. It can sometimes be translated as 'I think', 'I bet', 'I guess', 'It must have been ~'. This pattern cannot be used to express the thoughts or supposition (etc) of a second or third person and must express the thought of the person saying or writing it.

배고팠겠다.

It is used to express the speaker's hope or desire. Even though the past tense -았/었/였- is used, this pattern does not refer to the past. So, even when this pattern is used without the past tense like ‘-(으)면좋겠다', there is no difference in meaning.

키가 좀 더 컸으면

You must have been hungry. 우리는 늦었어. 수업이 끝났겠어. We are late. The class must have been over.

졸겠어요. I wish I was a little taller. 여행을 갈 수 있었으면 좋겠다. It would have been great if I could go on a trip.

Is/am/are not

저는 중국 사람이

The negative of ‘-이다‘

아닙니다. I am not Chinese. 이것은 사실이 아니에요. This is not the truth.

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이에요/예요

The informal polite form of ‘-입니다’

내 책이에요. This is my book.

TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계 V-(으)ㄴ지 (시간) 되다

This pattern 'Verb + -(으)ㄴ지 + 대학교를 졸업한 지 time word + 되다' is used to express an interval of time which extends from a definite past to the present. The case marker '-가` or '-는' can be

5 년 됐어요. It has been 5 years since I graduated from University.

attached optionally after ‘지' A/V+ (으)ㄴ/는/을 것

It seems/looks/appears like …….

같다

N+ 인 것 같다 - Present

N+ 인 것 같다

A + (으)ㄴ것 같다 – Present/past A + (으)ㄹ 것 같다 - Future V+ (으)ㄴ것 같다 - past

그 사람은 한국인인 것 같아. I think he is Korean. 이게 더 좋은 것 같아요. I think this is better. 비가 오는 것 같아.

V+ 는 것 같다 – Present

I guess it's raining.

V+ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 – future

곧 도착할 것 같아요. I think I’ll arrive soon.

V+ (으)ㄴ 후에

It means ‘after having done something’; used with the action verbs. The tense is expressed in the main (final) verb. 11

수업이 끝난 후에 시장에 가자. Let’s go to the market after class.

A/V+(으)ㄹ 거예요

The informal ending of the future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ겁니다‘; with a 3rd person subject it expresses a supposition or presumption, with a 1st person subject – the speaker’s plan or intention

우리는 오늘 문법을 공부할 거에요. We will study grammar today. 박 대통령님은 인도 방문을 할 거예요. President Park supposes to visit India.

A+V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다

It is used with verbs and indicates ability, capability, possibility or permission

누가 이것을 할 수 있어요? Who can do this?

A/V-(으)ㄹ 줄

I didn’t know that …………

알았다/몰랐다

학교가 이렇게 넓을 줄 몰랐어요. I didn’t know that the school is so big. 돈을 버는 게 이렇게 어려운 줄 몰랐어요. I didn’t know earning money is so difficult.

-(으)ㄹ까하다

‘I am thinking of doing something…’

방학때 여행을 할까 해요. I’m thinking of going on a trip in vacation.

-(으)ㄹ래요

V + (으)ㄹ래요 : This grammar pattern has several usages: 12

나는 이제 잘래.

1. When used with in the first person tense, it is used to expresses the intention or will of the speaker. 2. When used with another subject, it asks for the thoughts and intentions of the listener. This can be a polite way of asking someone if they want to or can do something either with you or for you. However in the case with strangers, elders or people in a higher status position, you should attach the honorific suffix 시 if you are asking them to do something for you, otherwise it can still seem rude (even with a 요 ending!). See below.

V-(으)러

It is used to express the purpose of the subject's action and is followed by either '가다'(to go), '오다'(to come) or their compounds, or any verb which indicates movement, such as '다니다'(to go and come regularly)

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I'm going to sleep now. 내일 영화 보러 갈래요? Do you want to go see a movie tomorrow? 너 죽을래? Do you wanna die? 소주 한 병 더 주실래요? Could I have another bottle of soju?"

수영하러 갑시다. Let’s go for swimming.

-(으)려고

Plan/intend to do ….

하는데요

미래에 사업을 하려고 하는데요. I plan to do business in future.

-(으)려면

If you want to do … / In order to do ….

장학금을 받으려면 열심히 공부해야 돼요. If you want to get scholarship then you have to study hard.

A/V-(으)면 되다

You just have to do …

여기 사인해 주시면 돼요. You just have to sign here. 학생은 성실하면 돼요. A student should be sincere.

A/V-(으)면 좋다

It would be good if ….

아침 9 시에 오시면 좋겠어요. It would be good if you come at 9 AM.

V-(으)ㅂ시다

“Let’s do…”

커피 한잔 마십시다.

It is used to express the subject's suggestion with the action verbs and the verb of existence '있다'. It cannot be used with '이다' nor with adjectives. In plain speech 14

Let’s have a cup of coffee together.

style(반말) you can use the form '-자' V-(으)시-

The honorific form

아버님께서 신문을

ex: 가다 – 가시다.

보십니다.

Some verbs have a special honorific version of them:

Father is reading newspaper.

먹다 – 드시다, 잡수시다

어디에서 오셨어요?

있다 – 계시다

Where have you come from?

자다 – 주무시다 만나다 – 뵙다 V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다

Indicate one's past experiences. “Have the experience of doing ….”

있어요.

It’s also used like – V+아/어

I’ve been to Korea.

내가 한국에 간 적이

본 적이 있다. A/V-(으)ㄴ/는지

I know that ….

우리 반친구 미누가 일본에 가는 지

알다

알아요? Do you know that our classmate Minu is going to Japan? A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데

It is a conjunction used to introduce a certain fact, or background information. It can have a meaning of – but, and, so etc. N + 인데 A + -ㄴ(은)데 15

김치를 먹는데 맛이 없었어요. I’ve tried eating Kimchi but it wasn’t tasty.

V + 는데

오늘 날씨 좋은데 한강에 갈까? The weather is good today; shall we go to Han river?

A/V-(으)니까

V-(으)ㄹ때

Indicates reason and cause. Used when the main clause is an imperative (세요/십시오) or propositive (-

벌써 늦었으니까 택시로 갑시다.

ㅂ시다).

Let’s go by taxi as we are already late.

While, when, at the time of

나는 고향에 갈 때 기차로 가요. I go by train when I visit my hometown.

V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다

-(으)ㄹ게요

I know/don’t know how to do something It is used to express the knowledge or lack of knowledge of a technique or process of doing something I will, We will ((It is used with first person subject only) The speaker's intention or plan or promise. It is used with action verbs as well as with the verb 있다

V-(으)ㄹ까요?

그녀는 운전할 줄 몰라요. She doesn’t know how to drive.

이번에 열심히 할게요. I will surely work hard this time.

Shall we do…?

시간이 있으면 내일

It is used to put a proposal and ask someone's opinion, view or appraisal.

시장에 갈까요?

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If you have time then shall we go to market tomorrow? V-(으)려고 In the middle of sentence

In order to do something, with the purpose of It is used to indicate the purpose of the speaker (subject)'s action.

V-(으)려고 하다 Plan to/Intend to do something In the end of It is used with sentence verbs(including `있다'); this pattern is used to indicate a subject's intention; restricted to first and second personal pronouns

친구를 선물하려고 모자를 샀어요. I bought a hat for gift it to my friend.

이번 주말에 친구를 만나려고 합니다. I plan to meet a friend this weekend. 돈을 아끼고 집을 사려고 해요. I intend to buy a house after saving money.

A/V-(으)면

If….

저를 만나고 싶으면

It can be used with any verb or adjective and indicates condition and/or stipulation; in Korean the dependent clause precedes the main clause. Sometimes, the word `만일/만약' is used at the beginning of a conditional clause. A/V-(으)면 안 되다

You should not do that./ It would not be good if….

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내일 와요. If you want to meet me, come tomorrow.

여기서 담배를 피우면 안 돼요.

You should not smoke here. V-(으)면서

While doing something…

저녁을 먹으면서

It is used to express two 뉴즈를 봐요. simultaneous actions done I have my dinner by the same person. It attaches to the verb directly; while watching news. someone does something while he is doing something else (at the same time) V-(으)세요

V-(으)십시오

It implies respect of the speaker for the subject of the sentence, means 'Please do something' when referring to the second person Imperative verb form/ Please do …. (A little more polite/honorific than V-(으)세요)

여기 앉으세요. Please sit here.

선생님, 먼저 가십시오. Sir, you go first, please.

TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계 N+ 때문에

N/A/V거나

‘because of, owing to, as a result of, in consequence of’

[열거] and; or; [양보](even) though [if]; no matter how (what／when／where／who); whatever

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비 때문에 늦었어요. I got late because of the rain. 아무거나 – anything 싸거나 비싸거나 살게요.

No matter whether it’s cheap or expensive I’ll buy it. V-게 되다

Happen to do something, get to do something..

교수님덕분에

It is used to express the idea that the situation has changed due to some conditions. Generally used when a new work/situation is started

Thanks to my professor, I got employed.

취직하게 됐어요.

V -고

I want to do something…

싶다

It is used to indicate the desire of Want to see (Miss) the subject and is used with you. action verbs and ‘있다.’

A/V-군요

It is used to express surprise, delight, or wonder with an exclamation mark;

한국말도

Adj + N(-이다) - ‘-군요!'

Wow! You speak Korean as well!

너를 보고 싶다.

하시는군요!

Verb - ‘-는군요!' N/A/V (Past Tense) - ‘-군요!’

이거 참 잘 맛있군요! This is delicious!

V-기(가)

It is easy to do ….

다른 언어보다

쉽다

한국어 배우기(가) 쉬워요. It is easy to learn Korean than other languages.

A/V-기도

It is also …..

시간이 사람들을

하다

슬프게 하기도 하고

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행복하게 하기도 해요. Time makes people both sad and happy. V-기로

Decide to do something..

수진은 취직하기로

하다

It is used to indicate one's decision; the verb `-하다' can be

했어요.

replaced by the verb `약속하다,

Sujin has decided to work.

결정하다, 결심하다, 작정하다’ V-지 않기로 하다' means 'to decide not to do'; V-기로 하지 않다' means 'do not decide to do' V-는 중이다

I am in the middle of something/doing something

저는 지금 점심을 먹는 중이에요. I’m in the middle of my lunch.

A/Vㅂ/습니까?

Formal style question final ending (Present Tense)

A/Vㅂ/습니다

돈이 있습니까? Do you have money? 아니요, 돈이 없습니다. No, I don’t have money.

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V-지 말아요 Do not do something.. V-지 마세요

The pattern '-지 말다` preceded by an action verb expresses prohibition or dissuasion. This pattern is always used as a negative imperative sentence or a negative propositive sentence. V-지 맙시다 – Let’s not do..

여기 담배 피우지 마세요. Do not smoke here. 시끄럽게 하지 마세요. Don’t make noise. 오늘 학교에 가지 맙시다. Let’s not go to school today.

A/V-지 않다 ‘negation'; directly follows by verbs or adjectives; ‘not, no’ A/V-지 않아요 – Present

나는 고기를 먹지 않아요. I don’t eat meat.

A/V-지 않았어요 – Past A/V-지 않겠어요/않을 거예요 Future N + 말고

Not that… /Don’t do that

산말고 바다에

V + 지 말고

(Generally followed by an imperative or proposative verb)

가자.

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Let’s go to the sea, not the mountain. 전화하지 말고 직접 오세요. Don't call me, but please come here yourself. 공부하지 말고 영화 보자. Let's not study, but watch a movie instead.

-께

To someone

할머니께 편지 하나

Polite and honorific form of’에게’

썼어요. I wrote a letter to grandma. 선생님께 드리려고 선물을 샀어요. I bought a gift for my teacher.

V-겠(V-겠어요/ 겠습니까)

V-고 있다

V-기때문에

Will/Shall (Future/Intention)

선생님, 저 내일 뵈러

Pre-ending -겠- is used for expressing the speaker's conjecture or supposition or for asking intention of the person spoken to in a polite request.

가겠어요.

V-ing; is/am/are doing

지금 무엇을 하고

It is used to indicate a kind of process or continuing action; ‘Is doing’; this pattern can have two different meanings when used with verbs dealing with items of clothing: 입다, 쓰다, 신다; it is often used to express an action which started in the past and is still going on. Like – I am wearing that dress (저는 그 옷을 입고 있다.)

있어요?

Sir/madam, I will come to meet you tomorrow.

What are you doing now? 요즘 한국어를 배우고 있어요. I am learning Korean these days.

’so, therefore, because’

아프기 때문이 수업을

It is used to express cause and reason;

놓쳤어요. I missed the class because I’m sick.

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V-기 위해서

For doing something..

성공하기 위해서

Is used in complex sentences and indicates the action in the second sentence that is the reason for achieving the object of the first sentence

열심히 해야 돼요. You have to work hard for success.

Alternate pattern: N/V+기 – 위하여/위한 To show exclamation/surprise

맛있네요 (It’s delicious!)

A/VThese modifiers are used to 는/(으)ㄴ/(으) make a descriptive or action verb an adjective. They are ㄹ+N also used to make a complete clause an adjective.

제가 어제 먹은 음식이

A/V-네요

맛있어요.

Adj/Descriptive V – ㄴ/은

The food that I ate yesterday was delicious.

('예쁜, 좋은, 아름다운, 바쁜)

우리 지금 읽는 책이

Verb -ㄴ/은 (Past)

인기 많은 소설이에요.

Verb – 는 (Present)

The book that we are reading now is a popular novel.

Verb – ㄹ/을 (Future)

내일 만날 사람이 제 여자 친구예요. The person I will meet tomorrow is my girlfriend. A/V-지만

A/V-지요/죠

It is used to join two sentences which are in contrast with each other. ‘But’ Isn’t it?

질이 좋지만 비싸요. The quality is good but it’s expensive. 한국어를 배우기가 쉽지요.

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It is used if you want to seek the listener’s agreement or to ascertain what listener means

Learning Korean is easy, isn’t it? 한국인이죠? You are Korean. Right/aren’t you?

TYPE 4. 조사 이/가

Subject particle

질이 좋다. Quality is good.

Indicates that the preceding noun phrase is the subject of the sentence. ‘-가’ is used after a word which ends with a vowel, while `-이’ is used after a consonant 은/는

Topic Particle

학교가 멀어요. School is far.

이것은 책입니다.

The most important topic of the sentence/ where you want to focus. Students are often confused between 은/는 and

This is a book.

이/가. They have quite similar functions and most of the times can be used interchangeably. 까지

Till

2 시까지 공부합니다.

It expresses the finishing point of the action

I study till 2 o’clock. 끝까지 합시다. Let’s do it it till the end.

에게,

To someone

학생들에게 거짓말하지

It’s a dative marker which attaches to animate nouns; is

마세요.

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께

often used as ‘한테’ in spoken language

Don’t tell lies to students.

Honorific Form of 에게

선생님께 – To the teacher

To (by/for) a person; about; around; toward (a time); in the vicinity (neighborhood) of; near (a place) 께서

도

Honorific form of 은/는/이/가

할아버지께서 집에 계세요.

Can also mean ‘From’

Grandfather is at home.

Means 'also' or 'too'. This can replace the subjective marker '-가/이', and the objective

나도 가고 싶어요. I also want to go.

marker '-을/를` 마다

‘each; every; all’

나라마다 풍습이 달라요. Every country has different customs.

만큼

밖에

As much as, up to/ to that extent Except something. Nothing but …

해만큼 바다가 아니예요. Sea is not wide as ocean. 내 지갑에 100 원밖에 없어요. I’ve nothing but 100 won in my wallet.

보다

(more than)It is used for comparison.

지하철이 택시보다 더

It is often accompanied by '더' which means 'more'

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빨라요. Subway is faster than a taxi.

부터

It means ‘from’, the starting point of an action

여기부터 시작합시다. Let’s start from here. 8 시부터 수업이 있어요. I have class from 8.

에

It is attached to nouns, and followed by '있다'(to be) and '없다'(not to be).. Meaning: “in, at, on”.

저는 도서관에 있어요. I am in the library.

When used with verb 가다/오다 it means ‘To’ 에서

와/과

'At' or 'in' indicating the place where some action takes place.

있어요.

When used with verb 가다/오다 it means ‘From’

I am studying at the library.

‘and, with, along (together) with’

호주와 한국. Australia and Korea

It can be used with words – 같이/함께 (together) (으)로

Towards, By Indicates a choice, shows direction, means, status, cause

저는 도서관에서 공부하고

어머님과 살아요. I live with my mother. 강남으로 가요. I am going to Gangnam. 버스로 가요. I am going by bus. 커피로 하겠어요. I’ll have coffee

을/를

Object particle

나는 한국어를 배워요. I learn Korean.

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의,

만

(이)나

‘s , … of (possessive particle)

영숙의 책. Youngsuk’s book.

It is preceded by a noun and indicates possession, relationship, origin or status location

한국의 수도. Capital of Korea

‘only’; can be attached to almost any word in the sentence Or/But

나는 10000 원만 있어요. I’ve only ten thousand Won. 커피나 차 마시고 싶어요. I want to drink coffee or tea.

(이)나

처럼

[정도·비교] as many [much] as; no less [fewer] than; as long as; nearly; about.; [선택] either... or; or; any. like; as; as... as; so... as; as if

한 달이나 미국에 있을 거예요. I will be in US for around one month. 선생님은 우리를 친구처럼 대해요. Our teacher treats us like friend.

하고

It means ‘and’; connects words on an equal basis

사과하고 바나나를 좋아해요. I like banana and apple.

한테

-한테 means ‘To someone’

친한 친구한테 내 비밀을

한테서

-한테서 means ‘From Someone’

말했어요.

Similar to ‘에게/에게서’

I told my secret to my best friend.

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TYPE 5.접사 들

If attached after a noun, it changes it to plural form

-씩

It is used to indicate distribution and is attached to numbers and any counting classifier; ‘each, respectively, one by one’ It means ‘around, about’ when guessing about something

-쯤

-동안

학생(student) –학생들(students) 사과와 바나나 하나씩 주세요. Give me apple and banana – one each. 1 시쯤 – Around 1’o clock 5-6 명쯤 – About 5-6 people

‘(a space of) time; a period; in, for,

방학동안- during vacation 겨울동안 – during summer

during, as (so) long as’

TYPE 6. 부정 부사 못

안

Can’t/ Couldn’t

아파서 도서관에 못 갑니다.

It is used with action verbs, and means impossibility or strong denial and refusal.

I can’t go to library because I am sick.

Don’t/Didn’t/Won’t

그는 매일 숙제를 안 합니다.

Expresses the negative and means He doesn’t do his homework 'do not'. '안' is put before the verb. every day.

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SECTION II Complete TOPIK Vocabulary Beginner Level

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1. Nouns Korean Word 가격 가구 가방 가을 가족 값 강 거리 걱정 결혼식 경주 경험 계절 계획 고민 고양이 고향 곳 공연 공원 공책

English Meaning Price Furniture Bag Fall, Autumn Family Price River Distance Anxiety; Worry Wedding ceremony Race Experience Season Plan Worry; Agony Cat Hometown Place Performance Park Note book 30

공항 과일 과자 관심 교통사고 구두 구입 그림 극장 근처 글자 금년 기간 기본 김치 까만 색 꽃 꽃집 나라 나무 날 날씨 남산 내년 내용 내일

Airport Fruit Snacks Interest Traffic accident Dress shoes Purchase Picture Theater Near Letter This year Period Standard Kimchi Black Flower Flower shop Country Tree Day Weather Namsan Next year Content Tomorrow 31

냉면 냉장고 년 노래 누나 눈물 느낌 다음 다음달 단어 달 댁 도서관 돈 동대문 동생 뒤 드라마 등산 등산화 라디오 러시아 맞은편 머리 모습 모자

Cold noodles Refrigerator Year Song Male's elder sister Tear Feeling Next Next month Word Month Home Library Money Dongdaemun Younger sibling Back Drama Hiking Hiking shoes Radio Russia Across from Head Figure Hat 32

무게 문 문구점 문제 문화 물건 미국 밑 바지 박물관 밖 반(수업) 방 방법 방송국 배 배2 배우 백화점 버스 번호 병원 볼펜 봄

Weight Door Stationary store Problem; Question; Issue Culture Thing The USA Bottom Pants Museum Outside Class Room Method Broadcasting station Ship Pear Actor Department store Bus Number Hospital Ball point pen Spring 33

부모 부모님 부분 부탁 분위기 불고기 비 비행기 빵 사과 사람 사무실 사은품 사전 사진 산 색 색깔 생각 생일 생활 서울 서울역 서점 선물 선생님

Parent Parents Part Request Atmosphere Bulgogi Rain Airplane Bread Apple Person Office Freebie; Bonus gift Dictionary Photo Mountain Color Colors Thinking Birthday Life Seoul Seoul Station Bookstore Present/Gift Teacher 34

설명 설악산 성격 소개 소식 손 손님 수업 수첩 시간 시계 시장 시청 시험 식당 식사 신문 신발 아기 아래 아버지 아이스크림 아저씨 아주머니 아침 아침 2

Explanation Seoraksan Character introduction News Hand Customer Class Pocket book Time Watch Market city hall Test Restaurant Meal Newspaper Shoes Baby Bottom Father Ice cream Sir Ma'am Morning Breakfast 35

아파트 안 안경 안내 앞 야구 약 약국 약속 어머니 어제 얼굴 옛날 여자 여행 역사 연락 연필 영수증 영어 영화 옆 오래간만 오랜만 오른쪽 오후

Apartment In Eye glasses Information In front of Baseball Medicine Pharmacy Appointment Mother Yesterday Face Old Girl Trip History Contact Pencil Receipt English Movie Beside After a long time After a long time Right (direction) Afternoon 36

올해 옷 외국인 요리사 요즘 우산 우유 운동 웬일 위 유학 은행 음료수 음식 음악회 의미 의자 이름 이번 이상 인터넷 일 일본 일본어 일요일 자동차

This year Clothes Foreigner Chef These days Umbrella Milk Exercise What matter Upper part Study abroad Bank Drink Food Concert Meaning Chair Name This time Strange Internet Work Japan Japanese Sunday Car 37

자리 자전거 작년 잡지 장소 저녁 전자사전 전화번호 점심 정리 제주도 졸업 주 주말 주소 주인 준비 중국 지갑 지난주 지난해 지하철 집 찻값 창문

Seat Bicycle last year Magazine Place Evening Electronic dictionary Phone number Lunch Arrangement Jeju Island Graduate Week Weekend Address Owner Prepare China Wallet Last week Last year Subway House A tea charge Window 38

책 책상 청소 축구 취미 취직 치마 친구 침대 카메라 캐나다 커피 컴퓨터 큰형 테니스장 토요일 통장 파란색 파티 편지 평일 포도 표 품목 피아노

Book Desk Clean Football (soccer) Hobby Getting a job Skirt Friend Bed Camera Canada Coffee Computer Male's oldest brother Tennis court Saturday Bankbook Blue Party Letter Weekday Grape Ticket Goods Piano 39

필요 하숙집 학원 한국 한국말 한국어 한복 한식집 할머니 할아버지 할인 행사 형 호 호선 회사 회사원 회의 후 휴일 희망 힘

Need Boarding house Academy Korea Korean speech Korean language Traditional Korean Clothes Korean restaurant Grandmother Grandfather Discount Event Male's older brother Room number Subway line Company Office worker Meeting After Holiday Hope Effort

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2. Counting Units Korean Word 개 권 대 마리 명 번 병 분 사람 살 송이 인분 잔 장 층 통

Korean Word 가다 가져가다

English Meaning general counter Books Machines Animal People Times (ex, 3 times) Bottle People People Age Bunch (of fruit) A serving of food Glass Paper Floor Package 3. Verbs English Meaning Go Carry/Bring 41

가지고 가다 Go with something/ Carry something Transfer (subway) 갈아타다 Catch a cold 감기에 걸리다 Go and come, 갔다 오다 travel Take 갖다 Worry 걱정하다 Cross (a road) 건너가다 Catch 걸리다 Experience 경험하다 Make a plan 계획을 세우다 Plan 계획하다 Choose 고르다 Get out of order 고장 나다 (machine) Watch 구경하다 Rescue 구하다 Draw a picture 그리다 Wait 기다리다 기억을 하다 Remember 기억이 나다 Remember 길이 막히다 Road/traffic jam Trim 깎다 42

꺼내다 끄다 끊다 끝나다 끝내다 끼다 나가다 나오다 내다(돈) 내리다 넣다 노래 부르다 노래하다 노력하다 놀다 농구하다 눈물이 나다 다녀오다 다니다 닫다 대답하다 도착하다 돈이 들다 돌아오다 되다

Take out Turn off Cut End Finish Put on Go out Come out Take out money Drop Pour Sing a song Sing Effort Play Play basketball Cry Go back Go back and forth Close Answer Arrive To Cost Return Become 43

Give (to older person) Eat (to older 드시다 person) Listen 듣다 Enter 들다 Enter 들어가다 Leave 떠나다 Drink 마시다 마음에 들다 Like Finish 마치다 Meet 만나다 Make 만들다 말씀 드리다 Speak to (older person) 말씀하시다 Speak Speak 말하다 Eat 먹다 Do not know 모르다 Gather 모으다 Insufficient 모자라다 Take a bath 목욕하다 Question 묻다 Ask 물어보다 Receive 받다 Eat food 밥을 먹다 드리다

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배우다 벗다 보내다 보다 부르다 부치다 부탁하다 빌려주다 빌리다 빼다 사고 나다 사다 사용하다 사진을 찍다 산책하다 살다 서다 설거지하다 설명하다 소개하다 수영하다 쉬다 시작되다 시작하다 시키다

Learn Take off Send See Full Send mail Request Lend Borrow Subtract Accident Be Buy Use Take a photo Take a walk Live Stand Wash Explain Introduce Swim Rest Begin Start Order 45

Have a meal Wear (shoes) Dislike Write Wear (hat) Wash (face) Sit Know Understand Match Travel Connect Practice Have a fever Make a promise/appointme nt Come 오다 Rise 오르다 Come up, Climb 올라오다 우산을 쓰다 Use an umbrella Exercise 운동하다 Drive 운전하다 Laugh 웃다 Move to other 이사 가다 place 식사하다 신다 싫어하다 쓰다 쓰다(모자) 씻다 앉다 알다 알아듣다 어울리다 여행하다 연락하다 연습하다 열이 나다 예약하다

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이사하다 이야기하다 이용하다 이해하다 일어나다 읽다 잃다 잃어버리다 입다 잊다 잘되다 잘하다 잠이 오다 잡수시다 전하다 전화(를) 걸다 전화를 바꿔주다 전화를 받다 전화를 하다 조심하다 좋아하다 주다 주무시다

Move Conversation Use Understand Wake Read Lose Lose Wear Forget Be well Do well Feel sleepy Eat Transmit; Tell Call (telephone) Give the phone to someone Receive a call Call Be careful To like Give Sleep (only to older persons) 47

주문하다 준비하다 지나다 지내다 질문하다 짓다 찾다 찾아가다 청소하다 초대하다 축구를 하다 출발하다 취직하다 켜다 콧물이 나다 타다 테니스 치다 틀리다 푹 자다 피아노를 치다 하다 화나다 회의하다

Order Prepare Pass Spend; live Ask a question Make Search for Visit Clean Invite Play football Depart Get a job Turn on Have a runny nose Ride Play tennis Incorrect Have a good Sleep Play piano Do Get Angry Have a meeting

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4. Adjectives

Korean Word 가볍다 감사하다 계시다

English Meaning

Light Thanks Be (to older people) Thanks 고맙다 Clear 맑다 Ok 괜찮다 기분이 좋다 Feel happy, Mood is good Long 길다 Deep 깊다 Clean 깨끗하다 Bad 나쁘다 Write down 적다 Low 낮다 Wide 넓다 High 높다 Different 다르다 Dirty 더럽다 Hot 덥다 Warm 따뜻하다 Many 많다 49

Tastes bad Tastes good Handsome/ Cool (a cool person) Scary 무섭다 Sorry 미안하다 Glad 반갑다 Bright 밝다 배가 고프다 Hungry 배가 부르다 Full(Stomach) Hungry 배고프다 Crowded 복잡하다 부지런하다 Diligent Inconvenient 불편하다 Similar 비슷하다 Expensive 비싸다 New 새롭다 Easy 쉽다 Sad 슬프다 Hate 싫다 Cheap 싸다 Beautiful 아름답다 Painful 아프다 Dark 어둡다 Young 어리다 Not have 없다 맛없다 맛있다 멋있다

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예쁘다 위험하다 유명하다 이상하다 있다 작다 재미있다 적다 조용하다 좁다 좋다 죄송하다 중요하다 즐겁다 짧다 춥다 친절하다 크다 키가 크다 편리하다 편안하다 편하다 피곤하다 필요하다 한가하다 힘들다

Pretty Dangerous Famous Strange Have Small Interesting/fun Less Quiet Narrow Like Sorry Important Joyful Short Cold Kind Big Tall Convenient Comfortable Easy Tired Needed Free(time) Difficult 51

5. Adverbs Korean Word

English Meaning Near 가까이 Sometimes 가끔 Most 가장 Suddenly 갑자기 Like 같이 Almost 거의 Continuously 계속 Soon 곧 Just 그냥 Soon 금방 Exactly 꼭 Later 나중에 날마다(날+마다)=매일 Everyday Too 너무 Late 늦게 All 다 More 더 Separately 따로 And 또 52

Straight At last A lot of Very Daily Ahead All nail; cannot In advance Straight; Right Right now Already Very Normally Quickly New Each other Some time ago Perhaps Very Yet Quick Not Always

똑바로 마침내 많이 매우 매일 먼저 모두 못 미리 바로 방금 벌써 별로 보통 빨리 새로 서로 아까 아마 아주 아직 어서 안 언제나 53

Hard Long In a long time For a long time These days Later Now Early Often Well Wait Moment Not at all Really Best A little Quietly Some Now Directly Really First Slowly Largely

열심히 오래 오래간만에 오랜만에 요즘 이따가 이제 일찍 자주 잘 잠깐 잠시 전혀 정말 제일 조금 조용히 좀 지금 직접 참 처음 천천히 크게 54

Particularly Especially Well Together Always Alone Alone

특별히 특히 푹 함께 항상 혼자 혼자서

6. Conjunctions Korean Word 그래서 그러나 그러니까 그러면 그럼 그런데 그리고

Explanation So, Therefore But That’s why If it is so, In that case Then But And

7. Question Words Korean Word English Meaning Who 누구 What 무엇 What 뭐 55

어디 어떻게 언제 얼마나 왜 어느 몇 무슨

Where How When How much Why Which How many What 8. Numbers

Korean Word English Meaning 3 세 13 십삼 12 십이 9 아홉 6 여섯 12 열두 13 열셋 1 한 20 스물/스무 9. Pronouns Korean Word English Meaning 56

거기 그 그것/그거 아무 곳 여기 여러분 우리 이 이것/이거 저 저것/저거 저기 저희

There the It Wherever Here Everyone Our This This That That There We

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1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips -

Make your own Grammar and Vocabulary list. Write the grammar patterns and vocabulary that you don’t know. Make this notebook your bedtime book for at least 1 week before the test. Make sure to have a look at the list every day.

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Don’t just write the grammar patterns, words and their explanation. Write an example sentence in front of every entry. Take the help of Naver dictionary and other sites to find example sentences. You can also write one simple sentence that describes that word or grammar in your mother tongue.

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Write similar grammar patterns together. Ex: 기 때문에- This grammar pattern is used to describe reason (Similar patterns -아서/어서, -니까)

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Similarly make a Synonyms & Antonyms list for words.

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Some words often come together. Write them as a single phrase instead of writing as two separate words. (Ex: 미소를 짓다, 장갑을 끼다)

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Memorize counting units for different objects.

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Make a list of Irregular words and understand how they change with various grammar patterns. (춥다 – 추워요, 듣다 – 들어요)

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Memorize specific honorific words like 드리다, 주무시다, 드시다, 연세, 성함 etc.

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For Intermediate-Advanced levels, you will also need to memorize common proverbs, idiomatic expression, onomatopoeia etc.

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2. How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary In the previous chapter we discussed why vocabulary is of crucial importance for learning Korean as well as for getting success in Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK). In this chapter, we will learn some great methods to improve our Korean Vocabulary. 1. Make Word Lists Word lists and Flash cards are most widely used Vocabulary learning methods. Either make a two column table with Korean words in one column and their meanings in the other (you can also add more columns like example sentence etc.) or make flash cards with Korean words on one side and their meanings on the other. Review these words regularly (at least once a week) and mark the words that you still haven’t learned completely. While reviewing give special attention to these marked (difficult) words. With time these difficult words will also go to your permanent memory and then you can unmark them. Even if you think you have completely learned a list it’s better to review it once in a while. Make a separate list of difficult words you often forget and review it more frequently. You can also consider making your own personal dictionary. I am not kidding. Look up Dictionary Always keep a dictionary handy and look up for words you don’t know. Try to get rid of the habit of finding an alternative way of expressing yourself when you don’t know (or can’t recall) the appropriate word. Looking up dictionary may be a boring task but it really helps in long term. I prefer online dictionaries of Naver and Daum over paper and electronic dictionaries as these online dictionaries give you much more information. Looking up dictionary is even better than asking a teacher or a Korean because when you see dictionary you don’t learn only one word but several related word and phrases. 2. Learn Words in Context

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Words are rarely used alone. They are used in a context and with other words, phrases and grammar patterns. Just knowing the meaning of a word is not enough; you need to know ‘who’, ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ of the word. Otherwise there are good chances that you will make a blunder some time. There are words that are used with particular people, at particular time and situations and in a particular way. Using any of these aspects of the word in a wrong way may create an embarrassing situation for you. So when you learn words try to get as much information as you can about the context in which it’s used.

3. Learn related words When you learn a word, try to write/learn other words/phrases that are frequently used with it. For example, If you look up dictionary for the word ‘훨씬’ you will find the meaning as ‘(very) much, far, a lot’. But you can’t use ‘훨씬’ for every ‘far’, ‘much’, or ‘a lot’. if you read example entries you will find that this word is most frequently used with ‘보다’, ‘더’ and adjectives to show comparisons. Also learn various possible forms of a word. For example – 예쁘다 – 예쁩니다, 예뻐요, 예쁘죠 etc. This type of additional information will help you learn the appropriate use of the words. 4. Make Associations Make associations and connections between the new words you learn and words/things you already know. For example, some word may sound like something different/funny/interesting in your mother tongue. Or, some words mind remind you of something. Funny and weird associations are OK. In fact, they are better. You can also use Mnemonic (a memory trick used to remember things) to improve your vocabulary retention. Connect words with images, people or events around you, convert them into rhymes/poems etc. 5. Review and Practice

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We need frequent exposure to a word, either by listening, speaking, reading or writing, to learn it permanently. Research says words need 20-30 repetitions/reviews to move to our permanent memory. Use the new words you learn as much as you can even if you are doubtful about its correct use. Just play with the words; use them in different combinations. Take risks. Mistakes and blunders are okay; they make us learn things. And in fact the funny mistakes are the most interesting thing about learning a foreign language. Aren’t they? 6. Mix Words with your Mother Tongue Using the foreign language words in sentences in one’s mother tongue can also be a good technique to learn and practice words; and it’s fun. For example you learned the word ‘예쁘다 (Beautiful)’. You can practice it with sentences like ‘These Flowers are really 예쁘다’. It might sound weird but believe me it can help you memorize some really difficult words. 7. Read Extensively Reading widely is the BEST way to enhance vocabulary in any language. Reading exposes us to a wide range of vocabulary in various contexts. The important thing here, is to select a reading material that interests you and suits your level otherwise you will give up very soon. No one likes to look up dictionary 10 times to understand a single sentence. There are plenty of reading material – newspapers, comics, stories, blogs - available in Korean language on internet. Read what you like to read the most and note down the new and interesting words and phrases you come across. It’s also a good method to read the English (or your mother tongue) version of a big news first and then read the Korean version. Now you already know the news story, you just have to focus on the language they use to convey it. 8. DEVELOP YOUR OWN VOCABULARY LEARNING METHOD ***********************************

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