Topico 01 Historia Da Musculacao

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Z×PAGC 0> Dast÷ran jn Musgufnéçc Abtrcjuéçc N musgufnéçc bcs jans jl dckl tlm t lm jlaxnjc jl slr vastn nplbns gcmc sabúbamc jl trlabnmlbtc jl ecrén. Cs matcs qul n lbvcfvlm tëm gníjc pcr tlrrn, irnéns, lm pnrtl, à míjan, qul vlm lsgfnrlglbjc l jlsplrtnbjc n pcpufnéçc lm ilrnf pnrn slus hlbleígacs. Jlstn ecrmn, cs pr÷pracs nfubcs tëm husgnjc prceassacbnas mnas qunfaeagnjcs bns ngnjlmans, qul slknm rlnfmlbtl gnpnzls jl fdls prlstnr umn mlfdcr nssastëbgan l cralbtnéçc. Cs trlabnmlbtcs mnas trnjagacbnas jl musgufnéçc tëm pnssnjc pcr muatns mujnbéns l njlqunéüls, jlvajc ncs rlsuftnjcs jl trnhnfdcs galbtíeagcs qul npcbtnm bcvcs gnmabdcs l lstrntáians pnrn ntabiar cs rlsuftnjcs lsplrnjcs. Nfám jassc, n blglssajnjl jl bcvcs lstímufcs l csgafnéüls bns gnrins jl trlabc pnrn ntlbjlr às hnsls jc trlabnmlbtc eísagc ampül n lsplganfaznéçc gnjn vlz mnacr jcs prceassacbnas jl Ljugnéçc Eísagn qul trnhnfdnm gcm trlabnmlbtc jl ecrén musgufnr. Jl mnblarn ilrnf, trlabnmlbtcs jl musgufnéçc prcjuzlm rlsuftnjcs ampcrtnbtls pnrn abjavíjucs qul husgnm lssl tapc jl lxlrgígac. Gcbtujc, janbtl jcs rlsuftnjcs jl umn nvnfanéçc eísagn, jns famatnéüls ampcstns pcr um ntlstnjc májagc cu jns blglssajnjls l chkltavcs jcs gfalbtls, hcns prîtagns pnrn sl prcpcr umn prlsgraéçc njlqunjn jl trlabnmlbtc sçc flr cs ûftamcs trnhnfdcs puhfagnjcs bcs prabgapnas plra÷jagcs jn îrln qul trntnm jc tlmn cu sliuar ns rlgcmlbjnéüls jl rlbcmnjns abstatuaéüls, gcmc c Nmlragnb Gcfflil ce Wpcrts Mljagabl (NGWM), c Gcbslfdc Xliacbnf jl Ljugnéçc Eísagn jc Lstnjc jl Wçc Pnufc (GXLE:/WP) l n Wcgaljnjl Hrnsaflarn jl Gnrjacfcian Gnrjacfcia n (WHG). Lstns abstatuaéüls prcpülm rlgcmlbjnéüls pnrn gnjn tapc jl blglssajnjl l jltlrmabnm ns mlfdcrls lstrntáians pnrn c trlabnmlbtc n slr rlnfaznjc, pcrám bçc nhcrjnm gcmc pcjlm slr rlnfaznjns mcbtnilbs jl prcirnmns cu gcmc pcjlm slr npfagnjcs sastlmns jl trlabnmlbtc. Nssam, lstl mntlranf husgn prllbgdlr tnf fngubn l celrlglr ncs prceassacbnas jl Ljugnéçc Eísagn gcbdlgamlbtcs pnrn umn prlsgraéçc ntunfaznjn l njlqunjn, hlm gcmc pnrn qul rlnfazlm jl mnblarn gcrrltn cs gcbtrcfls jl gnrin jl trnhnfdc. Lstn prcpcstn sl famatn n prlsgraéçc jl trlabnmlbtc l gcbtrcfls jl gnrin jl ecrmn ilrnf. Gnsc jlpnrl gcm blglssajnjls lsplgíeagns, c prceassacbnf jlvl gcbsuftnr plsquasns l cralbtnéüls jl jltlrmabnjns abstatuaéüls pnrn, lm gcbkubtc gcm c qul lstî slbjc celrlgajc blstl mntlranf, slkn gnpnz jl rlnfaznr um ÷tamc trnhnfdc. N Dast÷ran jn Musgufnéçc Pramlarc Xlfntcs Bçc pcjlmcs prlgasnr qunbjc n musgufnéçc m usgufnéçc tlvl abígac. Pcrám lm lsgnvnéüls bn gajnjl jl Cfímpan ecrnm lbgcbtrnjns pljrns gcm lbtnfdls pnrn ns mçcs, plrmatabjc ncs dastcranjcrls abtuar n utafaznéçc jlstns lm trlabnmlbtcs gcm plscs. Ecrnm lbgcbtrnjns lsgufturns jntnjns jl :00 nbcs nbtls jl Grastc, qul rlfntnm ecrmns dnrmcbacsns jl mufdlrls, mcstrnbjc prlcgupnéçc lstátagn kî blstn ápcgn. Znmhám lxastlm rlfntcs jl kcics jl nrrlmlsscs jl pljrns qul jntnm jl >415 n.G. Lstls jnjcs mcstrnm qul n musgufnéçc á mnas nbtain jc qul muatcs pcssnm plbsnr. Wl nbnfasnrmcs n musgufnéçc gcmc umn ntavajnjl eísagn l bçc lxlrgígac eísagc, l sliubjc n jleabaéçc jl ICJCQ >11:, qul lstnhlflgl qul n musgufnéçc slkn umn ntavajnjl eísagn jlslbvcfvajn prljcmabnbtlmlbtl ntrnvás jl lxlrgígacs nbnfítagcs, utafaznbjc rlsastëbgans prcirlssavns ecrblgajns pcr rlgurscs mntlranas tnas gcmc; dnftlrls, hnrrns, nbafdns, nifcmlrnjcs, m÷jufcs, lxtlbscrls, pléns fnstrnjns, c pr÷prac gcrpc l/cu slimlbtcs, ltg. gcm glrtlzn lstn ecrmn jl ntavajnjl á tçc nbtain qunbtc c ntc jl gnmabdnr. > Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Ulknmcs; bcs pram÷rjacs jn dumnbajnjl, qunbjc c dcmlm mnas ‖rujamlbtnr” snan pnrn gnénr, gnrrlinvn pljrns lbtrl cutrcs elatcs, lstl slr kî lstnvn lxlrglbjc umn ntavajnjl gcbtrn umn jltlrmabnjn rlsastëbgan, pcrtnbtc musgufnéçc. C Prlgurscr jn Musgufnéçc N dast÷ran jl Maf÷b jl Grctcbn jasgípufc jc mntlmîtagc Patîicrns (415) lbvcfvlrnm >: pnísls, 8:> ntfltns, tavlrnm umn jurnéçc jl >0 jans l ecrnm nssastajcs pcr 840 maf plsscns. Lfls ecrnm mnrgnjcs pcr umn prlgîran crinbaznéçc, abern-lstruturn, qunfajnjl tágbagn, rlsplatc às rlirns l, bçc njmassçc jl mufdlrls bns prcvns, gcbtujc, cs flvnbtnmlbtcs jl plscs kî enzanm pnrtl jns :7 prcvns lbtrl cs bcvl (1) lspcrtls cfímpagcs jn ápcgn. flvnbtnmlbtc plscs gcm nsjljuns c gnmplçc eca c jabnmnrquës Klbslb l bn Bc lx÷tagn prcvn jc jl flvnbtnmlbtc plscmçcs gntlicran ‖um hrnéc” c gnmplçc Uaiic eca c hratèbagc Fnubglstcb Lffactt qul pnsscu n pcsnr slmabu, lxahabjc slu eísagc pnrn rlvastns jl ectcirneans. Entc qul ilrcu um lsgèbjnfc l qul flvcu n bçc rlnfaznéçc jn prcvn bn Cfampínjn sliuabtl lm Pnras (>100). C flvnbtnmlbtc jl plsc rltcrbcu bn Cfampínjn sliuabtl lm Wnabt Fcuas (>10:).

Eaiurn 8; Fnubglstcb Lffactt  Lffactt 

8 Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

C Gufturasmc l c Dnftlrceafasmc N dast÷ran mcstrn qul n pnrtar jc eabnf jc ságufc TAT c gdnmnjc ‖gufturasmc”,  kubtnmlbtl gcm c ‖dnftlrceafasmc”, tabdn tabdn suns ntlbéüls vcftnjns pnrn ns gcmpnbda gcmpnbdans ns garglbsls l tlntrcs, cbjl lrnm nprlslbtnjcs ‖cs dcmlbs mnas m nas ecrtls jc mubjc”. Bcmls lxprlssavcs jnqulfn ápcgn tnas gcmc; Fcuas Îttafn, Luilb Wnbjcw l Gdnrfls Wnmscb pnrtagapnvnm jl lxahaéüls l gcbercbtcs, jasputnbjc lstl títufc. Îttafn lm >449 bn Lurcpn, jurnbtl c kuhaflu jn Xnabdn Uat÷ran rlglhlu jc Príbgapl jl Infls umn plqulbn lstîtun gcm n eaiurn jl Dárgufls grnvlknjn gcm 75 janmnbtls, c qul c tcrbcu enmcsc. Gcmc gcbslquëbgan jastc, plsscns jl tcjc c mubjc varnm bc jlslbvcfvamlbtc jcs slus mûsgufcs umn ecrmn jl lbraqulglr. Iabîsacs ecrnm nhlrtcs pcr tcjn n Lurcpn, qul bn ápcgn lrn c hlréc jcs dcmlbs ecrtls.

Eaiurn 7; Prcelsscr Îttafn (dttp;//www.snbjcw (dt tp;//www.snbjcwmuslum.gcm muslum.gcm/) /)  

Îttafn eubjcu c slu iabîsac lm Hruxlfns cbjl rlglhan nfubcs jn \bavlrsajnjl jl Flyjlb, ilrnbjc irnbjls bcmls gcmc Erljlrago Mufflr. Lstl bum gcbercbtc gcm Gdnrfls Wnmscb vlbglu-c l tlmpc jlpcas eca vlbgajc pcr Wnbjcw, jlbcmabnjc bn ápcgn gcmc ‖Nrastcgrntn jcs Gufturastns”. Luilb Wnbjcw bnsgajc bn Nflmnbdn lm >459 sl gcbvlrtlu lm um íjcfc jc lspcrtl l pcr 70 nbcs eca gcbsajlrnjc c mlfdcr eísagc jc mubjc. Ncs >5 nbcs kî npnrlbtnvn um eísagc hlm jlslbvcfvajc, qul mcstrnvn qul tabdn um pctlbganf ilbátagc envcrîvlf. Zrnhnfdcu lm gargc gcm n abtlbéçc jl gcrrlr c mubjc, l gcm assc njquarau n hnsl pnrn um irnbjl jlslbvcfvamlbtc musgufnr. Pcrám c gargc lm qul trnhnfdnvn eca à enfëbgan lm Hruxlfns lpctlbganf lfl sl vau lmprlic. nfa cpupafc prcelsscr Îttafn qul vau lmgcm Wnbjcw jl slm ntfltn. Îttafn c Gcbdlglu tcmcu gcmc l c lbsabcu n trlabnr plscsum l nirnbjl pcsnr. Pnssnrnm lbtçc n enzlr lxahaéüls lm vîrans gajnjls gcm jlmcbstrnéüls jl ecrén.

Eaiurn :; Luilbl Wnbjcw (dttp;//www.snbjcwmuslum.gcm/) (dttp;//www.snbjcwmuslum.gcm/)  

7 Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Lm >441 slpnrnrnm-sl l Wnbjcw eca rcjnr n Lurcpn, slm jlstabc glrtc tlrmabnbjc lm Ulblzn. Lm Ulblzn um nrtastn nmlragnbc gdnmnjc Nuhrly Dubt surprllbjlu Wnbjcw hnbdnbjc-sl lm um fnic, l rlscfvlu pabtî-fc lm um flbéc. Lstn plén dckl sl lbgcbtrn bn gcfléçc pnrtagufnr jl Kcl Ylajlr. Wnbjcw lbtçc pnsscu n slr jlsneanjc pnrn prcvns jl ecrén. Xltcrbnbjc à Fcbjrls rlscfvlu lbgnrnr um jlsneac qul lrn fnbénjc pcr jcas dcmlbs ecrtls jn ápcgn l qul pninvnm 417 um lmprlsîrac nmlragnbc c gcbvlbglu qul ecssl pnrn cs L\N. Bcs L\N lfl bçc sl jlu muatc hlm. Mns lm umn lxahaéçc bn Nflmnbdn, gcbdlglu c mnas gáflhrl lmprlsîrac jl lspltîgufcs jl tcjcs cs tlmpcs, [alielfj qul plrglhlu qul Wnbjcw lrn umn eaiurn muatc njmarnjn plfns mufdlrls. Lfl c flvcu pnrn n Lxpcsaéçc Mubjanf Gcmlmcrntavn jc Jlsgchramlbtc jn Nmáragn, lm Gdagnic. Nfuicu um tlntrc l prlpnrcu umn npnraéçc jaelrlbtl jc dnhatunf qul lrnm nprlslbtnéüls jl dcmlbs musgufcscs gcm plfls jl flcpnrjc. ^unbjc tcjcs mlbcs lsplrnvnm lbtrn Luilbl Wnbjcw gcm umn sampfls subin. Ns mufdlrls ecrnm à fcugurn. C ëxatc eca enbtîstagc l gcm assc rcjnrnm Gnbnjî l L\N. Lm Wçc Ernbgasgc Wnbjcw futcu l vlbglu um flçc (prlvanmlbtl jrcinjc l jlsjlbtnjc). Enzan sdcws pnrtagufnrls pnrn mufdlrls, sdcws jl flvnbtnmlbtc jl plscs qul ntá dckl ecrnm suplrnjcs, pcrámn Abifntlrrn jlpcas jlcbjl nfiubs nbcs enzlbjc slmmuatc jlsgnbsc lbtrcu lmbçc gcfnpsc blrvcsc. Xlirlsscu sl gnscu gcm umnassc inrctn hlfn gdnmnjn Hfnbgdl Hrcols. Xlguplrcu-sl eísagn l mlbtnfmlbtl, l n pnrtar jní sl jljagcu n nhrar iabîsacs jl gufturn eísagn l rlecrmufnr cs dîhatcs nfamlbtnrls jns plsscns. Nhrau gcm ëxatc lsgcfns jl gufturn eísagn pcr tcjn Abifntlrrn.

Eaiurn 414 - "Wnbjcw Mninzabl", puhfagcu vîracs favrcs abgfusavl umn chrn qul jlu bcml nc lspcrtl abtlrbngacbnfmlbtl; "Hcjyhuafjabi, cr Mnb ab tdl Mnoabi".. Abvlbtcu npnrlfdcs l gracu gurscs jl iabîstagn pcr gcrrlspcbjëbgan qul ecrnm Mnoabi" mnrgnbtls bn gufturn eísagn. Eca um jcs pramlarcs jlelbscrls jc lbsabc jn ljugnéçc eísagn lm gcfáiacs l lsgcfns, jlslbvcfvlu lxlrgígacs pnrn rljuzar ns jcrls jc pnrtc, pljau n lmprlsîracs qul jlaxnsslm qul cs nssnfnranjcs eazlsslm um pcugc jl iabîstagn pcr jan. C qul tnfvlz suiarn qul lfl slkn tnmhám c granjcr jn iabîstagn fnhcrnf. Eca tnfvlz c pramlarc plrscbnf trnablr jn dast÷ran, pcas lrn prcelsscr pnrtagufnr jcs rlas Ljunrjc UAA l Ilcril U, jn Abifntlrrn. Eca um hlbelatcr jn dumnbajnjl bc qul tnbil c nsplgtc jc trlabnmlbtc gcm plscs, jn gufturn eísagn, jc lxlrgígac, jn ljugnéçc eísagn. Bçc lrn snbtc, slbtan umn ernqulzn pcr mufdlrls qul tnmhám c nssljanvnm. Assc gnuscu muatcs prchflmns nc slu gnsnmlbtc. : Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Mcrrlu lm >18< tlbtnbjc tarnr c slu gnrrc qul gnau lm um hurngc np÷s tlr jlrrnpnjc bn lstrnjn. Gcm c lsecréc tlvl umn dlmcrrnian glrlhrnf, prcvnvlfmlbtl bçc s÷ jc lsecréc, mns tnmhám jn quljn l hntajn jc gnrrc. Eca lbtlrrnjc gcmc abjailbtl, jlvajc n prchflmns gcm n mufdlr, bc glmatárac fcbjrabc jl Putbly Unfl. C dcmlm qul eca abtatufnjc plfc rla Ilcril A jn Abifntlrrn gcmc; "Prcelsscr jn Gaëbgan jn Gufturn Eísagn jl sun Mnklstnjl", Mnklstnjl", dckl lstî amcrtnfaznjc plfn dcmlbnilm jl Kcl Ylajlr qulpnrn lsgcfdlu sunlvlbtc amnilm umn hnrrn gcm hcfn) pnrn c trceáu jl prlmanéçc c mnacr jc(sliurnbjc mubjc jl musgufnéçc qul áplscs c Mr.jlCfympan. Blstl slbtajc, Luilbl Wnbjcw (>459->181:0 ntrnvás jc dnftlrceafastn gnbnjlbsl Kcsle (Kcl) Ylajlr, Ylajlr, gukn abaganéçc bc gufturasmc ngcbtlglu lm >171, qunbjc lfl pcr ngnsc tlvl nglssc n umn rlvastn jl dnftlrceafasmc. Kcl jlgajau lbtçc gcbstruar l mcjlfnr slu gcrpc gcm c prcp÷satc jl neuilbtnr l sl prctlilr jcs tapcs hraiüls qul nsscfnvnm n vazabdnbén cbjl mcrnvn lm Mcbtrlnf. M cbtrlnf. Ylajlr eca n um elrrc-vlfdc cbjl ecrkcu juns hnrrns gcm nbafdns n pnrtar jl rcjns l laxcs jl nutcm÷vlas l gcmlécu n trlabnr lm gnsn. ^unbjc gcmlécu n bctnr c npnrlgamlbtc jcs rlsuftnjcs jl slu trlabnmlbtc, gcbvlbglu-sl jl qul, gcmc lfl, cutrns plsscns icstnranm tnmhám jl sl hlbleaganr hlblea ganr jc trlabnmlbtc gcm plscs. Gcm cs 9 j÷fnrls qul tabdn, Kcl abagacu n puhfagnéçc jl um abecrmntavc gdnmnjc ‖Qcur Pdysaqul”. \m Pdysaqul”. \m nbc jlpcas, jleabau slu lspcrtl lsp crtl gcmc nfic jaelrlbtl jc dnftlrceafasmc jl gcmpltaéçc, c qul ampfagnvn bum tapc jl trlabnmlbtc qul utafaznvn lsplgaeagnmlbtl mcvamlbtcs gcmpcstcs, gukc ûbagc prcp÷satc lrn jlslbvcfvlr tnmnbdc musgufnr lm umn prcpcréçc lquafahrnjn, jlbtrc jl pnjrüls qul sliuanm jltlrmabnjns rlirns.

Eaiurn 9; Qcur Pdysaqul; Kcl Ylajlr's Earst Hcjyhuafjabi H cjyhuafjabi Mninzab Mninzabll 

< Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Wlus mátcjcs lrnm lmpíragcs, kî qul chslrvnvn, lstujnvn l mlsgfnvn tágbagns jl dnftlrceafastns umn vlz qul n gaëbgan jc trlabnmlbtc jlspcrtavc l n easacfcian jc lxlrgígac nabjn lstnvnm lm slu abígac. Fcic jlsgchrau qul c ëxatc pnrn lstl bcvc lspcrtl sl hnslnvn nbtls jl tujc lm vlfcgajnjl, tágbagn l, schrltujc, pctëbgan, pcrqul nkujn c jlslbvcfvamlbtc eísagc. Prlcgupnjc tnmhám gcm n nfamlbtnéçc jcs ntfltns, Kcl plsquascu ecbtls jl butraéçc qul ngrljatnvn slrngcmpnbdnjn nfamlbtnéçc snujîvlf, gcmc pcr lxlmpfc, umn tnén jl nvlan gcm erutn gcrtnjn lm pljnécs, jl supflmlbtcs. C trlabnmlbtc gcm plscs l n jaltn njlqunjn slranm n mljagabn prlvlbtavn jc ságufc TTA. Ntunfmlbtl, cs trlabnmlbtcs gcm plscs (cu trlabnmlbtc rlsastajc gcm plscs) sçc rlquasatcs právacs pnrn mlfdcrnr c rlbjamlbtc lm tcjcs cs lspcrtls l pnrn umn mlfdcr qunfajnjl jl vajn/snûjl. Jl >1:0 ntá cs nbcs n bcs 90 á gcbsajlrnjn n ajnjl jl j l curc jc easacgufturasmc. Irnbjls flbjns jc lspcrtl hrafdnrnm jurnbtl lstn ensl; Uabgl Iarcbjn, Wtlvl Xllvls, Nrbcfj Wgdwnrzlbliilr, Ernbo [nbl l Ynftlr Y nftlr Hlrbnf. Jleabaéüls l Gcbglatcs jl Musgufnéçc Jl ngcrjc gcm JNBZNW (>114, p.>114:) ‖Á c gcbkubtc jcs prcglsscs l mlacs qul flvnm nc numlbtc l nc nplrelaécnmlbtc nplrelaécnmlb tc jn ecréns musgufnrls, nsscganjns cu bçc n cutrn qunfajnjl eísagn”. FNMHLXZ (>149) ‖Ntavajnjl eísagn jlslbvcfvajn prljcmabnbtlmlbtl ntrnvás jl lxlrgígacs nbnfítagcs, utafaznbjc prcirlssavns pcr m÷jufcs, rlgurscs mntlranas tnas gcmc; rlsastëbgans dnftlrls, hnrrns, nbafdns, ecrblgajns nifcmlrnjcs, lxtlbscrls, pléns fnstrnjns, c pr÷prac gcrpc l/cu slimlbtcs, ltg.” ICJCQ (>11:)

Wliubjc Gdnins l Famn (8004), n musgufnéçc á um tapc jl trlabnmlbtc qul sl gnrngtlrazn plfn utafaznéçc jl plscs l gnrins, qul tëm gcmc chkltavc celrlglr nfiumn gnrin mlgèbagn lm cpcsaéçc nc mcvamlbtc jcs slimlbtcs gcrpcrnas. Njlptcs n lstl tapc jl lxlrgígacs tëm gcmc chkltavc husgnr ntrnvás jc trlabnmlbtc, hlbleígacs gcmc c numlbtc jn ecrén, numlbtc jn mnssn musgufnr, numlbtc jc jlslmplbdc lspcrtavc l tnmhám jamabuaéçc jn icrjurn gcrpcrnf (NXX\JN, 80>0, p.500), jaz qul c tlrmc musgufnéçc á c mnas usnjc pnrn jlsaibnr c trlabnmlbtc gcm plscs, slbjc nssam, n musgufnéçc bçc pcjl slr gnrngtlraznjn gcmc umn mcjnfajnjl lspcrtavn, mnas sam gcmc umn ecrmn jl trlabnmlbtc.

5 Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Hlbleígacs jn Musgufnéçc N irnbjl mnacran jns plsscns nabjn prcgurn bn musgufnéçc nplbns umn mlfdcr npnrëbgan lstátagn, gcbtujc, astc bn vlrjnjl bçc jlvlran slr chkltavc l sam n gcbslquëbgan bnturnf jl umn ntavajnjl eísagn hlm cralbtnjn l sliurn, bum slbtajc mnacr - MLFDCXAN JN ^\NFAJNJL JL UAJN. Nssam slbjc, jlbtrc jl um gcbglatc jl nptajçc eísagn, jlvlmcs husgnr bumn slssçc jl musgufnéçc c jlslbvcfvamlbtc jl trës qunfajnjls eísagns hîsagns, n ecrén cu rlsastëbgan musgufnr, eflxahafajnjl l n rlsastëbgan nlr÷han. Lstn gcmc lxlrgígac eísagc rliufnr jlstns trës qunfajnjl eísagns hîsagns gatnjns, trnz umn sáral jl hlbleígacs gcmc; -  \mn slbsnéçc jl trnbquafajnjl l hlm-lstnr? -  Mlfdcrans jn nutcamnilm, jc nutcgcbglatc l jn nutclstamn? -  Mlfdcran bn scganhafaznéçc l bcs rlfngacbnmlbtcs abtlrplsscnas? -  Mlfdcran jn qunfajnjl jc scbc? s cbc? -  Mlfdcran lm qunjrcs jl jlprlssçc l nbiûstan? -  Mlfdcran jcs nsplgtcs gcibatavcs (ntlbéçc, gcbglbtrnéçc, mlm÷ran l nprlbjaznilm)? -  Jamabuaéçc jc bívlf jl nbsaljnjl, rlefltabjc lm nfiubs jc s prchflmns jl chlsajnjl? -  Numlbtc jc instc gnf÷ragc tctnf jaîrac, rljuzabjc l gcbtrcfnbjc n qunbtajnjl jl icrjurn gcrpcrnf (jlsjl qul ngcmpnbdnjn jl umn jaltn njlqunjn)? -  Mlfdcran jn gnpngajnjl jl rlspcstn musgufnr lm satunéüls jl plraic jlvajc nc mlfdcr gcbjagacbnmlbtc eísagc? -  Mlbcr prljaspcsaéçc lm jlslbvcfvlr jl slbvcfvlr sabtcmns psagcsscmîtagcs, gcmc ûfglrns psagciëbagns, ampctëbgan, cvufnéçc l ltg.? -  Numlbtc jn rlsastëbgan jc sastlmn amubcf÷iagc, jamabuabjc c rasgc jl abelgéüls cpcrtubastns? -  Jamabuaéçc jc rasgc jl prchflmns gnrjíngcs? -  Jamabuaéçc jc rasgc jl daplrtlbsçc? -  Jamabuaéçc jc rasgc jl prchflmns jl gcflstlrcf l janhltl. Unbtnilbs l Jlsvnbtnilbs jn Musgufnéçc Unbtnilbs -  Prcjuz rlsuftnjcs lm pcuquíssamc tlmpc jl trlabnmlbtc? -  C gcbtrcfl jc trlabnmlbtc l jn npfagnéçc jn schrlgnrin á muatc engafatnjc. -  Pcssahafatn n lxlguéçc jl trnhnfdcs nbnfítagcs l sabtátagcs? -  Á um jcs mátcjcs jl trlabnmlbtc qul mlfdcr ntlbjl nc prabgípac jn lsplgaeagajnjl, c qul c gcfcgn lm fuinr jl jlstnqul bc trlabnmlbtc jl ntfltns jl nftc bívlf gcmpltatavc. Jlsvnbtnilbs -  Jlvajc à plqulbn gcmpcblbtl gnrjacpufmcbnr jcs trnhnfdcs jl musgufnéçc, tcrbn-sl amprlsgabjívlf sun gcmpflmlbtnéçc gcm trnhnfdcs jl gnrîtlr nlr÷hagc? -  Pcjlrî prcvcgnr flsüls bcs csscs jlsmablrnfaznéçc plfn cstlcpcrcsl jcs ilrcbtls l bn pfngn lpaeasîran gnrtafniabcsn jns granbéns jurnbtl n ensl jl grlsgamlbtc? -  N daplrtrcean musgufnr l n dapctcbagajnjl rlsuftnbtl jc trlabnmlbtc jl musgufnéçc, pcjlrçc prcvcgnr umn jamabuaéçc jc nrgc nrtagufnr jl nfiubs mcvamlbtcs.

9 Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN

 

  Glbtrc jl Ljugnéçc Lxtlbsçc l Plsquasn jl Pcrtc Ernbgc - Zrnvlssn Nfnicns >>< 5 Glf(11)14>>8-801>

Chkltavcs Cs chkltavcs jn prîtagn jl musgufnéçc pcjlm tlr umn slral jl pcssahafajnjls, lbtrl cs qunas, jlstngnm-sl ns prcpcsaéüls n sliuar. -  Gcbtrcfl jc plsc gcrpcrnf -  Daplrtrcean Musgufnr -  Zcbaeagnéçc Musgufnr -  -  -  -  - 

Jleabaéçc musgufnr Unsgufnraznéçc Prceafîtagn cu Zlrnpëutagn - Xlnhafatnéçc Prlpnrnéçc pnrn prîtagn jl lspcrtls Wcganfaznéçc

Mctavcs pnrn Prntagnr Musgufnéçc Lbtrl cs mctavcs rlfngacbnjcs jarltnmlbtl à prîtagn rliufnr jl musgufnéçc, tlmcs; - Numlbtc jl mnssn mnirn (musgufnr l ÷ssln)? - Plrjn jl icrjurn? - Mlfdcrn jn eflxahafajnjl? - Jamabua ns jcrls bns gcstns --

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Mnbutlbéçc jn mnssn musgufnr bn tlrglarn ajnjl (snrgcplban ) Gcbtrcfl jl Lstrlssl l Nbsaljnjl? Wnûjl l lvatnr jclbéns? Wcganhafajnjl? Lstátagn? Jamabua n absúban l nbsaljnjl? Mlfdcran jn Nutclstamn l Prnzlr?

prc irlssavc jl plrjn jl mnssn musgufnr (mûsgufcs), gnrngtlrístagc jc lbvlfdlgamlbtc.   Wnrgcplban á c prcglssc bnturnf l prcirlssavc

4 Prce° Lsp. Flcbnrjc jl N. Jlfinjc GXLE. 00>95:-I/MN