Top Sciencie 4
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Top Science 4 PRIMARY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
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Introduction Top Science 4 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a range of materials designed to complement the Student’s Book and the Teacher’s Book. These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials as and when they need them. There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension, and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension practice, as progress tests, assessment or for homework. The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.
Reinforcement and extension worksheets There are forty-two reinforcement worksheets. These materials constitute a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant section in the Student’s Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided. There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit of the Student’s Book. These worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to extend class work. Depending on the level of the class, students can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s Book. The answer keys are provided.
3
Blood circulation
2
ReinfoRcement
Name
Name
Date
The circulatory system constantly moves blood inside our body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels. The kidneys filter the blood, eliminate waste and produce urine.
Circle the parts of the circulatory system.
2
mouth
arteries
ear
Date
Much later, the soldiers of Genghis Khan, a Mongol emperor in the 13th century, ate steaks of minced beef. They took this recipe with them to Russia. Russians eat a variation called ’tartar steak’: raw, minced meat mixed with many spices.
Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels.
heart
EXTENSION
Did you think hamburgers were a modern food? Believe it or not, the origin of the hamburger goes all the way back to ancient Egypt -- more than four thousand years ago!
Remember
1
Long live the hamburger!
veins
The name «hamburger» comes from the German city of Hamburg, where it was very popular in the 14th century. This is when the hamburger began to look like the ones we see today: a flat cake of minced beef placed between two slices of bread.
kidneys
The hamburger arrived in Britain in the 19th century. After that, the British introduced this food to the U.S.A. Nowadays, the hamburger is one of the most popular meals in the world.
Write T (true) or F (false). The respiratory system constantly circulates blood through the body. Blood circulates through veins and arteries.
1
The stomach pumps blood throughout the body.
Answer the questions. Who made the first hamburgers? How many years ago?
Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels. The kidneys clean the blood and produce urine. 3
Who was Genghis Khan?
Label the circulatory system. h
Where does the name ’hamburger’ come from?
b What were hamburgers like in the 14th century?
v
What country introduced hamburgers to the United States?
k
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Diagnostic tests There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed at the start of the school year to give an indication of the student’s basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
3
The physical environment
Name
3
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
4
Date
Label the water cycle. sea
1
river
Look at the diagrams. Identify and label orbit or rotation.
rain
B
A
clouds condensation evaporation
5
Write T (true) or F (false). Air is a mixture of gases. Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the air. Air always has the same shape.
2
Write the names of the phases of the moon. A
Oxygen is not necessary for living things on Earth.
B
C
D
6
What is the difference between weather and climate?
7
Write a sentence with each group of words. foot
3
Complete the diagram with the correct words. evaporation
condensation
melting
solid
slopes
solidification
liquid
96
summit
beaches
gas
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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cliffs
coast
What is a river?
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Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
Individual results chart The individual results chart indicates areas in which the student has achieved acceptable competence and highlights areas which require additional practice.
Individual results chart
IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART
name
date Yes
NP*
Comments
Yes
The human body
Machines
Recognise body parts.
define a machine.
name and locate some organs.
Identify common machines and their uses.
Recognise the function of bones, joints and muscles. Recognise the sense organs and identify the parts of the eye. Explain how the sense of sight works.
Living things Know the life processes of nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction in animals and plants.
differentiate between simple and compound machines. Identify some components of compound machines.
Population and economy differentiate between a city and a village. Classify population groups by age and place. distinguish between birth rate / death rate; emigration / immigration.
Explain the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate.
Classify different types of jobs.
The physical environment Identify the Earth’s orbit and the Earth’s rotation.
Classify means of transport. define means of communication. Know who makes up a local council. Know some municipal services.
Time and space
Recognise the changing states of water.
use the points of a compass to locate places on a map.
describe the water cycle, including the changing states of water.
Know the concepts of past, present and future.
differentiate between weather and climate.
Know different units of measurement of time.
Identify characteristics of mountain and coastal landscapes. define a river.
104
Comments
Identify some simple machines.
Recognise the characteristics of the main groups of vertebrates.
Identify groups of invertebrates: arthropods, jellyfish, molluscs and worms.
NP*
Complete a timeline.
NP: needs practice.
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Assessment worksheets There is a double-page unit assessment worksheet and one multiplechoice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-page term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-page final assessment and a three-page final test.
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Life thousands of years ago
Name
Date
1
Number the transport from the oldest to the most modern.
2
Tick the true answers. Then, correct the false ones.
A
B
14
ASSESSmEnt
C
6
Describe the different characteristics of Romanesque and Gothic churches.
7
Where did most peasants live in medieval times?
8
Look at the picture and answer.
The first humans made tools of wood or bones. The Romans built seaports. Noblemen lived in insulae. Romans built thermae to carry water to their cities.
What kind of building is it? Where is it positioned? Why was it built there?
3
What buildings did the Romans have for entertainment?
4
Complete the chart.
What parts of the building can you see?
9
A
B
C
D
In medieval times
buildings
5
Circle the object used many thousands of years ago. Explain your choice.
transport
historical remains
10
Describe these buildings.
Match the buildings to their uses. A place for chariot races
temple
Domus
A place for gladiator fights
circus
Insulae
A place to worship the gods
amphitheatre
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Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
Term assessment worksheets Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks, matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.
1 Name 1
1
TERM ASSESSMENT
Date
6
What is the difference between a fleshy fruit and a dry fruit? Give some examples.
7
Match the three columns.
Label the digestive system.
minerals
2
rocks Complete the text about the circulatory system. is continuously moving inside our body. The pumps blood through the the capillaries.
3
and
make up the solid part of the Earth are the materials rocks are made of
8
Explain how wind and rain help form soil.
9
Is the environment the same as an ecosystem? Explain.
until it reaches
quartz granite
Write two nutrients that each food contains. A
B
C
10 Label the food chain and complete it with arrows. Then, answer the questions. 4
Write two examples of a healthy habits.
5
Label the parts of the flower.
Which is the producer? Which are consumers?
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Unit test worksheets All the unit tests have ten multiple-choice questions. These worksheets test the basic concepts of the unit. These can be completed after the unit assesment worksheets, or used as quick revision activities.
Light
TEST 8
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. We see objects because a. light reflects on them and reaches our eyes. b. light passes through them. c. light makes them brighter. 2. Light travels
6. Light travels at a speed of a. 300,000 metres per second. b. 300,000 kilometres per hour. c. 300,000 kilometres per second. 7. White light is made of a. red, yellow and blue.
a. in all directions and in parallel lines. b. in two directions and in a straight line. c. in all directions and in a straight line. 3. Clear glass is
b. all the colours of light. c. white light. 8. The primary colours of light are a. red, green and blue. b. red, green and white. c. red, yellow and blue.
a. opaque.
9. Objects that absorb all the colours of light are
b. transparent. c. translucent.
a. black.
4. Shadows are formed because a. light travels in straight lines. b. light is transparent. c. light is reflected in mirrors. 5. Reflection of light is when light bounces off an object that is
b. red. c. white. 10. Objects that do not allow light to pass through them are a. transparent. b. translucent. c. opaque.
a. opaque. b. translucent. c. transparent.
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Other resources Top Science 4 Activity Book
PRIMARY
STUDENT’S MATERIAL
Student’s Book
Activity Book
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
9 788468 00069 5
ISBN 978-84-680-0069-5
At the end of the Activity Book, 4 there Top areScience two Let’s do it! and two Read and do! pages per term. In addition, there are instructions for students to make a revision fan and an Autonomous Community tourist brochure, and advice for students to keep track of how healthy their lifestyle is. Activity Book
Activity Book
The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the content and the language objectives of the course. It contains full-colour illustrations and diagrams, and a range of graded activities to reinforce the course content and to encourage learner autonomy. There are three double pages per unit.
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
Teacher’s Resource Book
Teacher’s Book
TEACHER’S MATERIAL
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
Class Audio CD
Teacher’s Resource Book
Teacher’s Book
ALSO AVAILABLE
DIGITAL MATERIAL • Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank • Teacher’s Resources and Maps
• Science Posters • Science Tasks Booklet • Language Companion CD-ROM
• i-book • Interactive Whiteboard Activities i-solutions
www.richmondelt.com
www.santillana.es
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Top Science i-solutions has these components: CD 1
• Digital flashcards • Digital posters • Web bank
CD 2
• Teacher’s Resources and Maps
CD 3
• i-book
CD 4
• Interactive Whiteboard Activities
Minimum requirements and instructions: See readme·txt file in each CD.
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
4 PRIMARY
Top Science 4 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice, hands-on experiments and computer work for students. Top Science i-solutions is a box set containing four CDs which offer digital components for the CLIL Science classroom.
i-solutions
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
To p S c ie nc e i- s o l u t io ns
i-solutions
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Digital resources
CD 1 www.richmondelt.com
Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank
www.santillana.es
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• The Web bank includes some of the best, free web links for teaching Science, Geography and History. These links provide access to valuable resources to help with lesson planning as well as ways to personalise classes and cater to students’ need.
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
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• The digital posters can be printed when required.
CD 2
CD 1
• The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be projected onto a whiteboard or printed and used as conventional flashcards. Each image offers the option of listening to the audio and viewing the written word.
• Digital flashcards • Digital posters • Web bank
©2
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CD 2 CD 2
Top Science 4 PRIMARY
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This CD contains the digital version of the Teacher’s Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD provides blank and completed physical and political maps of the world, Europe and Spain.
CD 2
Teacher’s Resource Book and Maps
• Teacher’s Resources and Maps
©2
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CD 3
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The i-book provides the core course material of the Teacher’s Book and the Student’s Book in interactive format. It can be used in the classroom or for class planning.
Top Science 4 PRIMARY CD 2
CD 3
i-book
• i-book
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Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities
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There are five interactive activities per unit on this CD. These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts of each unit in a different and fun way.
Top Science 4 PRIMARY CD 2
CD 4
CD 4
• IWB Activities
©2
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Contents Worksheets REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Answer keys REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
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Reinforcement worksheets 1 Digestion and the digestive system . . . . . . . . 9
22 The propagation of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 The respiratory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
23 Light and colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3 Blood circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
24 Municipalities and comarcas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Healthy habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
25 Autonomous Communities and provinces . . . . 33
5 Food and nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
26 My Autonomous Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6 A healthy diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
27 The relief of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7 Parts of plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
28 The rivers and watersheds of Spain . . . . . . . . 36
8 Plant nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
29 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9 Plant reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
30 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10 Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
31 Traditions and festivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11 Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
32 The primary sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
12 Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
33 The secondary sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13 Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
34 The tertiary sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14 Relationships in ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
35 How the state is organised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
15 Protecting ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
36 How citizens participate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
16 Matter and its properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
37 How primitive human beings lived . . . . . . . . . 45
17 Changes in matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
38 Roman times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
18 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
39 Mediaeval times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
19 Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
40 The Age of Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
20 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
41 The Industrial Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
21 Uses of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
42 Life nowadays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
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Digestion and the digestive system
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Digestion is the process that enables us to obtain nutrients from the food we eat. The digestive system is a long tube that starts in the mouth and ends in the anus. Other organs are the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine.
1
Answer. What is digestion? Where does digestion take place?
2
Circle the organs in the digestive system. stomach intestines
3
kidney eye
bone anus
mouth nose
Label the digestive system.
stomach mouth small intestine large intestine anus
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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The respiratory system
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember The respiratory system is the group of organs that help our body obtain oxygen from the air. The lungs, trachea and bronchi are parts of the respiratory system. Our body needs oxygen for many processes such as digestion.
1
Complete the sentences. nose
mouth
lungs
trachea
bronchi
We breathe in air through the and the . The air travels down the and reaches the
through
the two . In the lungs, oxygen from the air passes into the blood. 2
Why do we need oxygen?
3
Label the respiratory system.
nose bronchi trachea lungs
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Blood circulation
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The circulatory system constantly moves blood inside our body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels. Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels. The kidneys filter the blood, eliminate waste and produce urine.
1
Circle the parts of the circulatory system. heart
2
mouth
arteries
ear
veins
kidneys
Write T (true) or F (false). The respiratory system constantly circulates blood through the body. Blood circulates through veins and arteries. The stomach pumps blood throughout the body. Arteries, veins and capillaries are blood vessels. The kidneys clean the blood and produce urine.
3
Label the circulatory system. h
b v
k
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Healthy habits
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Healthy habits help you to keep well. Good hygiene, exercise, good posture and a balanced diet are healthy habits.
1
Why are healthy habits important?
2
Circle the healthy habits.
3
Why is it important to sleep well?
4
Tick the good posture. A
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B
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Food and nutrients
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Food contains the nutrients our body needs to function. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fibre are nutrients.
1
Complete the sentences. You need f and c
for energy.
You need p to grow. You need v and m
to be healthy.
You need f for your digestive system to work well. 2
3
Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they give you. proteins
fibre
carbohydrates
fibre
proteins
fats
minerals
carbohydrates
fibre
fats
vitamins
proteins
Tick the correct sentence. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones. Carbohydrates make up our bones. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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A healthy diet
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember A diet is everything a person normally eats and drinks every day. A healthy diet is balanced and the correct amount. A balanced diet gives you the right amount of nutrients. A sufficient diet gives you the right amount of energy you need.
1
What is a healthy diet?
2
Look at the food wheel.
◾ Circle the healthier food in each pair of words. oil / butter sausages / chicken
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cheese / milk croissant / bread
grapes / biscuits tomato / pizza
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Parts of plants
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Plants have roots, leaves, and a stem. Roots are underground. Stems grow above the ground. They can be woody or herbaceous. Leaves have two parts: the petiole and the blade.
1
Match. The part of the plant that grows above the ground and supports it. leaves
2
The green parts of the plant that grow from the stem.
stem
The parts of the plant that are usually underground. roots
Label the plant. Then, answer the question.
Is the stem of this plant woody or herbaceous? Explain. 3
Label the parts of the leaf.
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Plant nutrition
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. For photosynthesis, plants need water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight. Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
1
What do plants need? Label the drawing. c d
s
w
m s
2
Label the diagram of photosynthesis. c d
o
During photosynthesis, plants take in 3
and release .
What is photosynthesis?
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Plant reproduction
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. The parts of a flower are: the calyx, the corolla, the stamens and the pistil. The pistil consists of the stigma, the style and the ovary. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamens of one flower to the stigma of another flower. After pollination, flowers become fruits. Fruits have seeds inside.
1
Label the parts of the flower. stamen pistil sepal petal
2
Complete the sentences. The calyx is made up of small green leaves called s . The corolla is made up of coloured leaves called p . The s
are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen.
The p is the female part of the flower. 3
Answer the questions. What is the reproductive part of a plant? What is pollination? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Rocks
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Rocks form the solid part of the Earth. All rocks are made up of minerals.
1
Write T (true) and F (false). Rocks are made up of minerals. All rocks are soft. There are liquid rocks. Marble is a hard rock made up of one mineral. Clay is a soft rock made up of fine grains.
2
Match. quarry shaft mine
3
A place where rocks are extracted from near the surface of the ground. A place where rocks and minerals are extracted from deep below the ground. The tunnel through which miners reach the rocks in a mine.
Write three uses of rocks. Give an example for each.
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Minerals
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Minerals are natural, solid substances. All minerals are made up of only one sustance. Minerals have different properties: hardness, lustre, colour and shape.
1
What are minerals? How are they different from rocks?
2
3
Use the words to write sentences about minerals. shape
lustre
colour
hardness
Complete the sentence.
4
is the hardest mineral.
Match each mineral to its use. magnetite diamond gypsum
for constructing buildings for obtaining iron for making jewellery
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12
Soil
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Soil is the top layer of the Earth’s surface. In many places it covers rocks. Soil consists of stones, water, air, minerals and the remains of plants and animals. Wind, rain, ice, animals and plant roots break down rocks and make soil. Soil has three layers: topsoil containing humus, subsoil and bedrock.
1
Match. A
Rain, ice and wind wear down rocks into smaller pieces.
B
The actions of animals and plant roots break the rocks into even smaller pieces. C
sin cortes
Small pieces of rock mix with humus to form soil.
2
Label the layers of soil. Then, circle the layer that contains humus.
con cortes
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13
Ecosystems
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember An ecosystem is made up of all the living things and all the non-living components that live together in one place. Ecosystems can be terrestrial or aquatic. Terrestrial ecosystems can be forests, grasslands or deserts. Aquatic ecosystems can be freshwater ecosystems or saltwater ecosystems.
1
Complete the chart. plants temperature soil water animals Ecosystems Environment
Living things
2
Use the words to make sentences. ecosystems make up environment living things ecosystems terrestrial grasslands forests deserts ecosystems aquatic freshwater saltwater Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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21 11/07/11
14:01
14
Relationships in ecosystems
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember There are different relationships between the living things in an ecosystem: food relationships, competition and cooperation. We use food chains to show how living things feed off other living things in an ecosystem.
1
Match. When two living things have the same needs.
Competition
When living things eat other living things.
Cooperation Food relationships
When two living things help each other.
2
Draw the arrows for this food chain.
3
Write the names of the living things in Activity 2. plant
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herbivore
carnivore
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15
Protecting ecosystems
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Ecosystems deteriorate because of pollution, deforestation and overexploitation. We create laws and nature reserves to protect ecosystems.
1
Match. Pollution Deforestation Overexploitation
2
3
cutting down trees
using up too many natural resources
rubbish and car fumes
Look at the pictures. Write pollution, deforestation or overexploitation. A
B
C
Answer the questions. What is a nature reserve? Is there a nature reserve in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City? Write the name and location. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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23 11/07/11
14:01
16
Matter and its properties
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Everything around us is made up of matter. All objects have two properties in common: mass, which is the amount of matter in an object, and volume, which is the amount of space an object occupies. All matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
1
Answer the questions. What is matter? What is volume? What are the three states of matter?
2
Match. mass MI
CHEESE
LK
volume
3
Write T (true) and F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. Solids have a fixed shape and volume. Liquids do not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume. Gases have a fixed volume, but the shape can vary because they adopt the shape of the container they are in.
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11/07/11
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17
Changes in matter
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember There are three types of changes in matter: mixtures, changes of state and chemical changes. Oxidation and combustion are chemical changes which occur when a substance combines with oxygen.
1
Cross out the wrong word. Then, rewrite the sentences. Oxidation / A mixture is when two or more substances mix together. Chemical changes / Changes of state are when substances change into different substances. Combustion / A mixture is when something burns and produces heat. Oxidation / An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals.
2
Complete the chart with freezing, condensation, melting and evaporation. solid
liquid
gas
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18
Materials
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Materials are the substances which we use to make things. Materials can be natural or man-made. Materials have properties. For example, they can be resistant, flexible, elastic, transparent, light and fragile.
1
Classify the materials.
concrete
wood
glass
leather
Natural materials
paper
Man-made materials
2
granite
Circle six properties of materials and write them. T X P R Q S L D T S B M F
R Y C E L A S T I C L R L
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A F D S K K Y C L M X B E
N H F I W P Q R S L X E X
S Y H S N K J U D C Z V I
P M K T F M Y R X T B W B
A E N A S L B Z C Z L N L
R T U N K S F Y P W Y T E
E Q W T F R A G I L E L Q
N P R D M G D K W Y S T W
T W B L I G H T N Z X E C
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19
Forces
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Forces can act when two objects come into contact or at a distance. Forces can be of attraction or repulsion. Friction is the force that makes objects slow down and stop. Gravity is the force that makes things fall to the ground.
1
Look at how force acts upon the objects in each picture and write in contact or at a distance. A
B
C
D
2
Read and circle two errors. Then, write the text correctly. Things do not fall ‘down’. They fall towards the centre of the Earth. This is called the force of friction. This force attracts objects to the Sun. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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27 11/07/11
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20
Energy
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Energy makes things change. There are different types of energy: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, nuclear and light. Energy can change from one type of energy into another type of energy.
1
What is energy? ◾ Now, complete the words.
Z m ] Types [ c of energy ] t \ 2
3
e n l
What type of energy have they got? petrol
wind
uranium
x-rays
sunlight
fire
Write the types of energy each object uses and produces. A
B
C
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21
Uses of energy
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Energy comes from energy sources. There are two types: Renewable energy sources, such as sunlight and wind, which never run out, or wood, which can be renewed. Non-renewable energy sources, such as uranium and petroleum, which can run out and cannot be replaced.
1
Classify the types of energy. Then, answer the question. coal
sunlight
wind
Renewable energy sources
petroleum
uranium
wood
Non-renewable energy sources
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? 2
Match the type of power station to its source of energy. thermal power station hydroelectric power station wind farm nuclear power station
wind
energy from falling water uranium
coal, natural gas, petrol
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22
The propagation of light
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Light travels in all directions at very high speed and in a straight line. There are three different types of objects according to how much light passes through them: opaque, translucent and transparent. When light reaches an opaque object, it bounces off the object into our eyes so we can see it. This is called reflection. When light reaches a transparent medium, it bends and changes direction. This is called refraction.
1
How does light travel?
2
Match. translucent A
3
transparent
opaque
B
C
Look at the picture. Write reflection or refraction.
◾ Now, explain your answer.
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23
Light and colours
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember White light is made up of all the colours we can see. The primary colours of light are red, green and blue. When we mix the primary colours of light we can create all the colours of light. When light rays reach an object, this object absorbs some of the light and reflects some of it. The colour we see is the colour of the light that the object reflects.
1
Complete the sentences. absorb
white
primary
reflect
light is made up of all colours.
Red, green and blue are the colours of light. White objects all light and do not absorb any light. Black objects all light and do not reflect any light. 2
Colour the lemon yellow.
◾ Now, explain how we see the lemon as yellow. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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24
Municipalities and comarcas
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember A municipality consists of one or more cities, towns or villages which are governed by a local council. A comarca consists of several municipalities in the same region. All the inhabitants of a comarca share basic services such as hospitals and schools.
1
2
Read the definition and write the word. An area made up of one or more cities, towns or villages that have the same local council.
Municipalities in the same region that share similar characteristics.
Answer the questions about the picture. C
A
D B
What kind of comarca is it: mountain or coastal? Explain. Which letter indicates the place with most services? Explain. How many municipalities does this comarca have?
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Autonomous communities and provinces
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Spain is divided into seventeen Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities: Ceuta and Melilla. A province is larger than a comarca and consists of many municipalities.
1
Use the key to colour the map. N
W
Cantabrian Sea E
G
A
AT L A N T I C
U
OCEAN
T
CACERES EXTREMADURA
R
F R A N C E
GUIPUZCOA CANTABRIA VIZCAYA BASQUE COUNTRY Pamplona/Iruña ALAVA ANDORRA Vitoria-Gasteiz CHARTERED LEON COMMUNITY HUESCA PALENCIA Logroño GIRONA OF NAVARRE LLEIDA BURGOS RIOJA CASTILE - LEON C ATA L O N I A ARAGON BARCELONA Valladolid ZAMORA SORIA Zaragoza VALLADOLID Barcelona ZARAGOZA SEGOVIA TARRAGONA GUADALAJARA SALAMANCA COMMUNITY TERUEL AVILA OF MADRID Madrid CASTELLON
A CORUÑA LUGO Santiago de Compostela GALICIA PONTEVEDRA OURENSE
L
S
Santander
Oviedo PRINCIPALITY OF ASTURIAS
Toledo CUENCA TOLEDO CASTILE-LA MANCHA
VALENCIA
COMMUNITY O F VA L E N C I A
O
Merida CIUDAD REAL
CORDOBA HUELVA
Murcia
JAEN
REGION OF MURCIA
SEVILLE
A N D A L U S I A Seville GRANADA
CADIZ
MALAGA
ALMERIA
ALICANTE
n ea an r er dit Me
AT L A N T I C O C E A N C A N A R Y SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE Santa Cruz de Tenerife
I S L A N D S
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
S
e
a
Capital of Spain
Ceuta
LAS PALMAS
BALEARIC ISLANDS
ALBACETE
P
BADAJOZ
Palma de Mallorca
Valencia
Melilla
Autonomous Community capital Autonomous City
MOROCCO
red
An Autonomous City.
blue
An insular Autonomous Community.
orange
A coastal Autonomous Community.
green
An Autonomous Community which consists of one province.
yellow
An Autonomous Community which consists of more than seven provinces.
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My Autonomous Community
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Each Autonomous Community or Autonomous City is an area with its own capital, its own government institutions, symbols and history. An Autonomous Community is divided into one or more provinces.
1
Colour your Autonomous Community or City. N
W
Cantabrian Sea E
L
S
A CORUÑA LUGO Santiago de Compostela GALICIA PONTEVEDRA OURENSE
G
A
AT L A N T I C
U
OCEAN
F R A N C E
GUIPUZCOA CANTABRIA VIZCAYA BASQUE COUNTRY Pamplona/Iruña ALAVA ANDORRA Vitoria-Gasteiz CHARTERED LEON COMMUNITY HUESCA PALENCIA Logroño GIRONA OF NAVARRE LLEIDA BURGOS RIOJA CASTILE - LEON C ATA L O N I A ARAGON BARCELONA Valladolid ZAMORA SORIA Zaragoza VALLADOLID Barcelona ZARAGOZA SEGOVIA TARRAGONA GUADALAJARA SALAMANCA COMMUNITY TERUEL AVILA OF MADRID Madrid CASTELLON
T
CACERES EXTREMADURA
R
Santander
Oviedo PRINCIPALITY OF ASTURIAS
Toledo CUENCA TOLEDO CASTILE-LA MANCHA
VALENCIA
O
Merida CIUDAD REAL
CORDOBA HUELVA
Murcia
JAEN
REGION OF MURCIA
SEVILLE
A N D A L U S I A Seville GRANADA
CADIZ
MALAGA
ALMERIA
ALICANTE
n ea an r er dit Me
AT L A N T I C O C E A N C A N A R Y SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE Santa Cruz de Tenerife
I S L A N D S
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
S
e
a
Capital of Spain
Ceuta
LAS PALMAS
BALEARIC ISLANDS
ALBACETE
P
BADAJOZ
Palma de Mallorca
Valencia
COMMUNITY O F VA L E N C I A
Melilla
Autonomous Community capital Autonomous City
MOROCCO
◾ Now, answer the questions. 189714P33 What is the name of your Autonomous Community or City?
What is the name of its capital? How many provinces does it have? What borders your Autonomous Community? Is your Autonomous Community insular or on the peninsula?
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The relief of Spain
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The Iberian Peninsula has many different landscapes. Central Spain is dominated by a large plateau, called the Meseta Central or Inner Plateau. It is divided into two parts by the Central Mountain Chain. The Pyrenees is a mountain chain to the north of the Inner Plateau. The Baetic Chain is a mountain chain to the south of the Inner Plateau.
1
Label the map. Inner Plateau
Central Mountain Chain
Pyrenees
Baetic Mountain Chain
N
F R A N C E E
W
ATLANTIC OCEAN
P O R T U G A L
S
a
an
Se
e ran
er
dit
SCALE
0
Me
127
Kilometres
metros ATLANTIC OCEAN
MOROCCO
2
2,000 1,000 500 0
Answer the questions. 189714p35
What is the highest mountain in the Baetic Chain? What is the highest mountain in the Pyrenees? ◾ Now, mark these two mountains on the map. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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28
The rivers and watersheds of Spain
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember A river is the body of moving water. A watershed is the dividing line betweem mountain ranges. Rivers on the same watershed flow into the same sea. Spain has three main watersheds: the Cantabrian watershed, the Mediterranean watershed and the Atlantic watershed.
1
Match the words to their definitions. river tributary
the volume of water in a river
watershed flow 2
a river that flows into a larger river
a body of moving water
where rivers flow into the same sea
Label the three watersheds of Spain. Cantabrian
Sea
MI
NO
FRANCE ANDORRA
RI
R
RI
VE
VE
E
R
JUCAR
ANA DI
E
GU
Balearic Islands
VER SE RI GU RA L QU I V I R ADA
Se
R
ATLANTIC Ceuta
OCEAN
Me
dit
err
an
e
a
Which is the smallest watershed?
RIV
RIVER G U
P O R T U G A L A
R TAGUS
Which is the largest watershed?
RO
RIV
RIVE
R
EB
DUERO RIV ER
an
Melilla
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Canary Islands MOROCCO
3
189714p36 Write one river for each watershed.
Atlantic
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Cantabrian
Mediterranean
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Climate
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The Earth has three climatic zones: the tropical zone, two temperate zones and two polar zones. Spain has four different types of climate: the Oceanic climate, the Mediterranean climate, the Mountain climate and the Subtropical climate.
1
Complete. Climate and
are not the same thing.
is the typical weather patterns over a long period of time in one area. The distance of an area from the
determines how much heat
it receives from the . This affects climate. 2
Match. polar zone temperate zone tropical zone
3
It is hot all year round.
It is very cold all year round.
The summers are warm and the winters are cool.
Identify and label the four climates in Spain. Cantabrian Sea N
FRANCE
A
A E
W
P O R T U G A L
S
CC
Balearic Islands
B
Se
ATLANTIC OCEAN
A
ANDORRA
M editer
ra
a
C
n nea
ATLANTIC OCEAN Canary Islands
D
B
SCALE
0
D
174
Kilometres
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Population
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember A census and a municipal register tell us about the population of a place. Population changes over time because of natural and migratory growth.
1
2
Write census or municipal register. A list of the people who live in a municipality. The local council updates this list every year.
A list of the inhabitants of a municipality, a province or a country. This list is updated every ten years.
Circle the correct options, A or B, then, circle the correct picture. A The population of a place
increases because
… there are more births than deaths.
… there are more immigrants than emigrants.
B The population of a place
increases because…
… there are more deaths than births.
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… there are more emigrants than immigrants.
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Traditions and festivals
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Traditions are the customs of people in a particular place. They are passed down from adults to children. Traditions include songs, dances, legends and typical food.
1
Put the phrases in order, then, write two sentences. Traditions are
the typical foods
from adults to children.
Traditional dishes are
customs that are passed down of a place or region.
2
Give two examples of each type of tradition where you live. Traditional dishes
Historical monuments
Festivals
Dances
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The primary sector
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The primary sector includes jobs that obtain products directly from nature. Crop farming, stockbreeding, forestry, mining and fishing belong to the primary sector.
1
What jobs belong to the primary sector?
2
Match the types of farming to the pictures. A
B
extensive farming
3
4
C
dry crops
irrigated crops
Read the definitions and complete the words. Raising animals such as pigs, cows or sheep.
s
This sector gets food from the sea.
f
Extracting minerals from beneath the ground.
m
People who obtain wood from forests work in this activity.
f
How important is the primary sector in your Autonomous Community or City? Explain.
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The secondary sector
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured products. Jobs in factories, crafts and construction belong to the secondary sector.
1
Complete the text with these words. construction
raw materials
secondary
Jobs that transform belong to the or 2
3
manufactured products
into
sector. Jobs in factories, crafts
belong to this sector.
Look at the pictures and write construction, industry or craft industry. A
B
C
Write the products for each industry. computers
tinned tuna
steel
cement
ice cream
video games
TYPES OF INDUSTRY Construction
Food
Technology
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The tertiary sector
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember The tertiary sector provides services. Services offer us such things as trade, health, education, tourism and transport.
1
What type of service is it? Read and answer. This activity consists of buying and selling products to and from other countries.
2
3
.
Write an example for each service. Trade
Tourism
Public services
Health services
Educational services
What means of transport are there in your Autonomous Community or City? Which ones do you use every day?
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How the state is organised
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember In a democratic state, all citizens have the same rights and obligations. The Constitution, which defines these rights and obligations, is the most important law in Spain.
1
Complete the text. Parliament
rights referendum
Constitution
institutions
obligations
The is the most important law in Spain. The Spanish people approved it in a in 1978. The Constitution recognises the and of the Spanish people and establishes the national . The most important institutions are the , the Government and the Courts of Justice. 2
Read the definitions and write the word. The most important law in Spain.
When all citizens vote on an important topic.
A state where all citizens have the same rights and obligations.
The document in which a political party explains their ideas for government.
Elections for local councillors.
Elections for members of parliament.
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How citizens participate
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Codes of conduct are lists of rights and obligations based on respect for others. These rights and obligations are recognised in the Constitution.
1
2
Read and write right or obligation. Respect the freedom of expression of others
Express your opinions freely
Elect government officials
Belong to a political party
Respect the beliefs of others
Match and write. The right to equality
3
The right to express our ideas
A
B
C
The right to vote
What are codes of conduct? Explain.
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How primitive human beings lived
Name
Reinforcement
Date
Remember Primitive human beings lived in caves or simple huts. Later, they lived in villages. The first human beings travelled on foot. Travelling was very slow. They decorated cave walls with paintings, made simple tools and used clay pots to hold food and water.
1
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Where did the first human beings live? What did they live near? What did they eat? How did they travel? How did they carry their things? How did they decorate their homes? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Roman times
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember The Romans lived in domus, insulae or villas. They travelled on foot, on horseback, in horse-drawn carriages or in sailing boats. They built temples, thermae, aqueducts, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
7 2 5 6
4 1 3
1
Look at the picture and write the number. Domus: a large, private house with a patio in the centre.
Amphitheatre: a place for watching gladiator fights.
Insula: an apartment building for poorer people.
Temple: a place for worshipping the gods.
Road: a straight road made of stone.
Thermae: a public bath houses for bathing and relaxing.
Seaport: a place on the coast where sailing boats stop.
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Medieval times
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember 1,000 years ago nobles lived in castles. Peasants lived in villages near castles. People travelled on foot, on horseback, in horse-drawn carts or by sailing boat. In Medieval times, people built Romanesque and Gothic churches.
1
Look for the names of the pictures in the wordsearch. A
B
C
C
H
U
R
C
H
E
S
A
Q
Y
D
A
P
J
E
S
W
U
S
R
L
L
Z
T
R
I
R
T
S
X
P
L
T
O
K
Z
C
I
B
E
N
O
B
L
E
X
O
M
N
C
X
J
R
O
A
P
P
E
A
S
A
N
T
D
E
F
◾ Now, complete the text. One thousand years ago,
lived in
with their family, servants and soldiers.
lived in villages
near the castle. In Medieval times, people travelled as in Roman times: on foot, on horseback, by horse-drawn , or by . They built Romanesque and Gothic . Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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The Age of Exploration
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Rich people lived in palaces 500 years ago. Craftsman and merchants lived in modest homes. Peasants lived in simple houses in country villages. Sailing became an important means of transport. Artists created great works of art. The printing press was invented.
1
Match the people to their homes. A
1
2
B
C
2
3
Read the definitions and write the word. An instrument to calculate latitude which showed sailors their ship’s position.
a
A fast ship that could travel long distances and resist storms and pirate attacks.
c
An instrument that indicates where north is.
m
◾ Five hundred years ago, new inventions made it easier for explorers to travel the world. Name some of these inventions.
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41
The Industrial Revolution
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember 200 years ago people built many factories and cities grew rapidly. There were many new discoveries and inventions that changed people’s lives, fo example steam trains and steamships.
1
Circle the correct words, then, write the sentences correctly. Two hundred years ago, large factories / shops replaced small workshops / farms. Factory workers lived in neighbourhoods which were dirty and unhygienic / spacious and comfortable. The steam engine / printing press was invented 200 years ago.
2
Find and circle six discoveries and inventions in the wordsearch. T
R
A
I
N
H
E
L
E
Q
S
D
A
P
J
I
L
W
P
S
R
L
L
G
E
R
I
R
T
S
X
H
P
T
R
A
D
I
O
T
H
K
I
I
Q
M
T
B
O
P
N
X
J
R
O
U
N
R
X
R
A
Y
S
L
E
G
P
S
M
Y
T
B
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Life nowadays
Reinforcement
Name
Date
Remember Nowadays, the majority of the population lives in cities. Transport is faster, safer and more comfortable. Many modern inventions have changed our lives.
1
Complete the chart with examples. PRESENT DAY Where we live
2
How we travel
Important inventions
Which do you think are the most important inventions? Choose three and explain your choices. high-speed train
mobile phone
aeroplane
computer
spacecraft
Internet
lasers
heart transplant
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Extension worksheets 1 Under the sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2 Long live the hamburger! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3 Nature’s pharmacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4 Fossils: rocks that talk about the past . . . . . . 58 5 National Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6 Plastic – a modern material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 7 Perpetual motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 8 Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 9 Geographic coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 10 Three days in the province of Salamanca . . . . 70 11 The world’s population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 12 The International Labour Organization (ILO) . . 74 13 Long live ‘La Pepa’! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 14 Roman roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 15 The steam engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
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Under the sea
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Life under the sea is very different from on land. It is difficult for people to see, hear and move well under water. Unlike fish, people cannot obtain oxygen directly from water. Instead, they need to carry oxygen tanks with them. People need to be healthy and in good shape to stay underwater for a long time. Their hearts, ears and lungs must be strong, since these are the organs that suffer the most underwater. People need special equipment for underwater diving such as a diving mask, fins, a wetsuit, a weight belt, a compressed air cylinder and some goggles.
1
What is the text about? Tick. Scuba diving. Life under the sea. What equipment people need to stay underwater. Marine flora and fauna. Sea turtles.
2
Why do people need special equipment to stay underwater? Think and explain.
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1 3
Look at the scuba diver and match each item of his equipment to its use. 2
1
3
7 4
6 5
wetsuit: to keep the diver’s body warm. scuba socks: thick socks to protect the diver’s feet. diving mask: to breathe in oxygen from the aqualung. goggles: to protect the diver’s eyes underwater. fins: to help the diver swim faster. weight belt: to help the swimmer sink, then remain underwater. aqualung: to supply the diver with compressed air. 4
Why can fish live underwater without special equipment? Think and explain. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Long live the hamburger!
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Did you think hamburgers were a modern food? Believe it or not, the origin of the hamburger goes all the way back to ancient Egypt -- more than four thousand years ago! Much later, the soldiers of Genghis Khan, a Mongol emperor in the 13th century, ate steaks of minced beef. They took this recipe with them to Russia. Russians eat a variation called ’tartar steak’: raw, minced meat mixed with many spices. The name «hamburger» comes from the German city of Hamburg, where it was very popular in the 14th century. This is when the hamburger began to look like the ones we see today: a flat cake of minced beef placed between two slices of bread. The hamburger arrived in Britain in the 19th century. After that, the British introduced this food to the U.S.A. Nowadays, the hamburger is one of the most popular meals in the world.
1
Answer the questions. Who made the first hamburgers? How many years ago? Who was Genghis Khan? Where does the name ‘hamburger’ come from? What were hamburgers like in the 14th century? What country introduced hamburgers to the United States?
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2 2
What nutrients are in a hamburger? Look and write.
3
Read the clues, write the name of each country under its flag, then, colour. The German flag has three horizontal stripes: black, red and yellow. It is on the right of the Mongolian flag. The Mongolian flag has three vertical stripes: red, blue and red. There is a yellow emblem on the left stripe. The Union Jack, the flag of the United Kingdom, has two red crosses on a white background, and a white cross on a blue background, and a red cross on a white background. The Egyptian flag has three horizontal stripes: red, white and black. There is a yellow emblem in the centre stripe and white horizontal stripes. The Russian flag has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. It is on the left of the Union Jack. The flag of the United States of America has thirteen narrow, red and white stripes. To the left, there are 50 white stars in a blue rectangle. A
B
D
C
E
F
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Natural medicines
Name
EXTENSION
Date
For thousands of years, people have used plants for food, wood, clothes, dyes, and medicines. For example, hundreds of years ago, native American Indians used the bark of the willow tree to relieve pain. Nowadays, a substance is taken from the bark of this tree to make the well-known medicine called aspirin. There are many other examples of medicinal plants, however, not many of them are used nowadays because most medicines are made artificially in laboratories. However, you can still find natural medicines in people’s homes. These include teas, eucalyptus, thyme, tilia, rosemary, nettle, chamomile and valerian. 1
Answer the questions. What is the text about? What are some products that come from plants? Where does aspirin come from? What natural medicines do you have in your home?
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3 2
Complete the crossword with the names of the plants. 1. This plant has stinging hairs on the stems and leaves. It can be toxic. It is used to cure diseases and inflammation. 2. This plant belongs to the daisy family. It is used to make a warm, calming tea. The medicinal uses include treating skin problems and reducing muscle spasms. 3. This plant has a strong fragrance and is used in many recipes to add flavour to meat, vegetables and sauces. 4. The leaves of this tree contain an oil which is used in sweets, cough drops, decongestants, etc. It is also used in many insect repellents. 5. The flowers of this tree are used to make herbal teas. They are also used in medicines to treat colds, headaches, fevers and coughs.
4 ▾ 1▸
2▸
3▸
3
E
L
H
T
5 ▾
L
Y
What three types of plants are there? Give an example of each one.
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Fossils: rocks that reveal the past
Name
EXTENSION
Date
We can sometimes find fossils in rocks. They are the preserved remains of plants and animals that lived on Earth millions of years ago. Palaeontologists are scientists who study fossils because they can give us information about climate and the environment in the past. For example, if you find the remains of marine animals in rocks, then this area was probably under the sea thousands of years ago. Fossils can be plant remains, or remains of animal bones, skeletons or teeth. Special fossils called ‘ichnites’ are rocks with dinosaur footprints. These fossils can be found in various parts of Spain, in the Autonomous Community of Rioja, and in the provinces of Teruel and Soria.
1
Answer the questions. What are fossils? What does a palaeontologist study? What is an ichnite? Where have ichnites been found in Spain?
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4 2
How are ichnites formed? Read, then, put the pictures in order. 1. An animal walks on the ground. 2. The animal’s foot makes a footprint in the ground. 3. Over time, minerals are deposited in the footprint. 4. Because of soil erosion or excavations, ichnites are discovered millions of years later.
3
Match each dinosaur to its foot and its footprint. A
Theropod
B
Sauropod
C
Ornithopod
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National Parks
Name
EXTENSION
Date
National Parks are created in natural areas where one or more ecosystems are unspoilt by human activities. The plants and animals in these ecosystems are of special interest. In National Parks, special steps are taken to protect the landscape, flora and fauna. In 1872, the United States created the first National Park in the world: Yellowstone National Park. In Spain, the first National Park, Mount Covadonga, was created in 1918. It is now renamed the Picos de Europa National Park. At present, there are fourteen National Parks in Spain. They offer the best examples of Spain’s natural heritage: Aiguestortes and Estany of Sant Maurici, the Cabrera Archipelago, Cabañeros, Caldera de Taburiente, Doñana, Garajonay, the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, Monfragüe, Ordesa and Mount Perdido, Picos de Europa, Sierra Nevada, Tablas de Daimiel, Teide and Timanfaya. 1
Answer the questions. What is a National Park? Where was the world’s first National Park created? What is the name of Spain’s first National Park?
2
Think and answer. What would happen if all the visitors to a National Park took home a rock or broke off a tree branch?
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Look up information about a National Park and fill in the index card.
the Atlantic ISLAS ATLÁNTICAS Islands of Galicia
PICOS PICOS EUROPA DEDE EUROPA
Aiguestortes AIGÜESTORTES YIEstany ESTANY DE SANT DE San MAURICI Maurici ORDESA Ordesa Y MONTE Y MoNTE PERDIDO
Perdido
MONFRAGUE MONFRAGÜE CABAÑEROS CABAÑEROS TIMANFAYA TIMANFAYA
CALDERA DE CALDERA DE TABURIENTE TABURIENTE
the Cabrera ARCHIPIÉLAGO Archipelago DE CABRERA
SIERRA SIERRA Nevada NEVADA
tEIDE TEIDE GARAJONAY GARAJONAY
TABLAS TABLAS DE DAIMIEL DAIMIEL DE
DOÑANA DOÑANA
Spanish National Parks
Name:
101709CAYRCM4ºP.N.
Location: Landscape: Typical plants and animals: Points of special interest:
4
How can we help to protect natural landscapes? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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6
Plastic: a modern material
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Plastic is an inexpensive and versatile material which is used to make many objects. For example, it is good for making containers because it is resistant to chemical changes. It is also a good insulator since it does not conduct electricity. There are different types of plastics, such as: Polystyrene, for making plastic bags. Expanded polystyrene (EPS), for packaging and containers. Bakelite, an insulating material for making pot handles. Rubber, for making car or bike tyres. Polyester, for making clothes. However, not everything about plastic is good. Plastic is not biodegradable. This means it remains in nature for several hundred years, polluting the environment. To reduce this pollution, people have started to recycle plastics instead of just throwing them in the rubbish bin.
1
Write a short summary of the text.
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6 2
What does biodegradable mean?
3
4
Look around the room. Write ten things you can see that are made of plastic.
What are these objects made of? Match. A
bakelite C
5
B
EPS
rubber
polyester
D
Write down your ideas to reuse plastic containers. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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7
Perpetual motion
Name
EXTENSION
Date
All the machines we use need energy to function: a television needs electricity, a car needs petrol, a sailing boat needs wind, a bike needs a person to push the pedals. Throughout history, people have tried to invent a machine that, once it was started, would not need more energy to keep functioning. This type of machine is called a perpetual motion machine. Many people have tried to achieve fame by inventing a perpetual motion machine. However, all their machines eventually stopped because the energy ran out. If these inventions had worked, they would have changed the course of history. M. Escher: Waterfall (1961).
1
Read the text and answer the questions. What do all machines need to function? What is a perpetual motion machine?
2
Look at the painting and answer. Who is the artist? When did he paint it? What is the title of the painting? Is this a good name for the painting? Explain.
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7 3
Look at Escher’s painting. What machine is in perpetual motion? Colour it.
4
How do you think the machine in Escher’s painting works? Explain.
5
Look at these machines and answer. A
B
C
D
What type of energy does each machine need to work? Which machines use energy that pollutes and which do not? Which energy resources are renewable and which are not? 6
Imagine you invented a perpetual motion machine. How would it change the world? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Shadows
Name
EXTENSION
Date
People have always been fascinated by shadows because, although they are always with us, we can never catch them or touch them. For this reason, shadows are often found in games and stories. Do you remember the story of Peter Pan losing his shadow? But what is a shadow? It is the dark area caused by an opaque object blocking light. It has the same shape as the opaque object. Shadows appear because light travels in a straight line and cannot go around obstacles. Shadows can gradually change shape. They get longer when the angle between the light source and the opaque object increases. They get shorter when the angle decreases. Try this experiment: darken a room by turning off all the lights and closing the curtains. Then, turn on a lamp or a torch and put your hands close to the light source. Move your hands farther away to see how their shadows change shape. 1
Answer. What is a shadow? Why do shadows have the same shape as the opaque object? Why do shadows gradually change their shape?
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Match each shadow to the correct pair of hands. Then, practise the shapes. A
B
C
D
E
3 1
2
4
3
Look at where the Sun is and where Peter Pan is standing. Draw his shadow.
4
Do transparent objects have shadows? Think and explain.
5
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Geographical coordinates
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Imagine you want to travel by ship to the Canary Islands. First, you need to locate these islands on a map. Then you need to find their cardinal points. The principal cardinal points are north, south, east and west. There are other points between these: northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest.
Greenwich Meridian Canary Islands Equator
Next, you need to know the exact location of the Canary islands on a globe. To do this, you use geographical coordinates. These are a set of imaginary horizontal and vertical lines that help to locate geographical locations. The horizontal lines are called parallels because they are parallel to the Equator. The vertical lines are called meridians and go from pole to pole. We use parallels and meridians to determine the latitude and longitude of a place. Latitude is the distance between any point and the Equator. Points to the north of the Equator are latitude north and points to the south are latitude south. Longitude is the distance between any point on Earth and the Greenwich Meridian. Greenwich is a town in the United Kingdom. Points to the east of Greenwich are longitude east and points to the west are longitude west.
1
Read and answer. What are geographical coordinates? What are meridians? What is latitude?
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9 2
Label the compass rose. North (N) Northwest (NW)
South (S)
Southeast (SE)
East (E)
West (W)
Northeast (NE)
Southeast (SE)
3
Colour the Equator red and the Greenwich Meridian blue. Then, complete the chart.
C B A D
Point
Hemisphere
Latitude
Longitude
A
southern
south
west
B C D
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Three days in the province of Salamanca
Name
EXTENSION
Date
Day 2 From the park we continue through Ledesma until we reach the city of Salamanca, where we can see the River Tormes. There are two cathedrals in Salamanca. The Old Cathedral was built in Romanesque style in the 12th century. The most spectacular part is the tower, which looks like it is decorated with stone scales.
Day 1 We enter the province of Salamanca at the city of Zamora, which is very close the border with Portugal. Here, we take a tour around the Arribes del Duero National Park. The River Duero flows through this deep canyon, which has vertical walls 162 kilometres long and up to 150 metres high.
Day 3 From Salamanca, we continue to the town of Bejar. Then we go on to Candelario, one of the coldest and most beautiful villages in the province of Salamanca. The River Cuerpo de Hombre flows through here.
1
Draw the route on the map in red. Circle the places the excursion passes through in blue.
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10 2
Look at the map and answer. Write the names of four villages or cities in the province of Salamanca. Write the names of the four rivers in the province of Salamanca. What provinces border the province of Salamanca? What country borders the province of Salamanca?
3
Look at the chart. Write the distances in kilometres between the cities. Avila Avila
—
Caceres
Caceres
234 km
—
Salamanca
Salamanca
94 km
212 km
—
Valladolid
Valladolid
160 km
332 km
120 km
—
Zamora
Zamora
159 km
277 km
65 km
89 km
—
Between Salamanca and Caceres.
km
Between Salamanca and Avila.
km
Between Avila and Valladolid.
km
Between Caceres and Zamora.
km
Which city is the closest to Salamanca?
Which city is the furthest from Salamanca?
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The world’s population
Name
EXTENSION
Date
The world’s population has grown rapidly in recent decades. In 1950, there were about 2,500 million people. Today, there are more than 6,500 million people. There has been a rise in births and a decline in deaths, making the population grow. Approximately 250 people are born and 100 people die every minute. This means that there are 150 more human beings every minute and 216,000 more every day! The main reason for this growth is improved living conditions. These include: technological advances in producing and preparing food, fewer diseases and improved control, better hygiene and medical research. The world’s population is not evenly distributed. Asia is the most inhabited continent: in 2005, there were 3,950 million people. The second most inhabited continent is America with 1,263 million people, followed by Africa with 925 million. Europe has 728 million people and Oceania has 33 million. The least populated continent is Antarctica, which is only populated by about 1,000 scientists from around the world. The most inhabited countries in 2005 were: Country
1
Number of inhabitants
Country
Number of inhabitants
China
1,312 million
Pakistan
158 million
India
1,134 million
Bangladesh
153 million
United States
300 million
Russia
143 million
Indonesia
226 million
Japan
128 million
Brazil
187 million
Mexico
104 million
Answer. Explain why the world’s population has grown so much in the past six decades. Which continent has the smallest population? Which country has the largest population?
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Complete the bar chart. 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500
Inhabitants 2,000 in 1,500 millions 1,000 500 0
3
Africa
America
Antarctica
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Think and calculate. If there are 216,000 more people in the world every day, how many more people are there in a year?
4
Circle, then write six words from the wordsearch to complete these sentences. 1. The list of the inhabitants of a municipality, province or country: 2. The country with the world’s second biggest population: 3. The ratio of births to the population at a specific time: 4. The country with the fifth largest population: 5. The continent with the second smallest population: 6. The ratio of deaths to the population at a specific time: Q P I R F B R M T C
C T N O J I H E R E
E K D N B R A Z I L
N X I P T T U R C O
S S A W H H I A S L
U F P F K R B N H R
S W V D E A A R H T
O P M N X T U G A I
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N H T O C E A N I A
D E A T H R A T E N
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The International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Name
EXTENSION
Date
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations (UN) which promotes better working conditions for workers all over the world. It was founded after World War I, on 11th April, 1919. The ILO is made up of representatives from governments, trade unions and employers. The headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. One of the main aims of the ILO is to eradicate child labour. One in six children between the ages of five and seventeen works. This means approximately 211 million children around the world. Sixty percent of these children are in Asia, especially in a country called Bangladesh. In India, where there are at least 60 million children working, a trade union for children, called Bhima Sangha was created in 1990. The trade union helps child workers get together to defend their rights. In 1969, the ILO received the Nobel Peace Prize for its defence of workers rights.
1
Read and answer. What is the ILO? When was it founded? Where is its headquarters? What are the aims of the ILO?
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Match each international organisation to one of its aims. The United Nations (UN)
To defend the rights of children.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
To promote respect for human rights around the world. To promote world peace through education, culture, science and communications.
World Health Organisation (WHO) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
3
To improve nutrition through advances in agriculture.
Write the name of each organisation under its logo.
4
To promote good health levels around the world.
Do you think children should work? Explain. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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13
Long live ‘La Pepa’!
EXTENSION
Name
Date
A country’s most important law is its Constitution because it defines the rights and obligations of its citizens. The first written constitution in history was drawn up in the United States, in 1787. Over the last two hundred years, Spain has had several Constitutions. Perhaps the most famous is the Constitution adopted in Cadiz on 19th March, 1812. It was known as ‘La Pepa’ because it was adopted on the day of San Jose. ‘La Pepa’ defined ideas that, although they seem very normal to us today, were very revolutionary in the 19th century, such as freedom of the press or the right to choose political representatives. Unfortunately, the Constitution of Cadiz did not last long because King Fernando VII prohibited it in 1814. He even made it illegal to name this Constitution. To get around this problem, supporters of the constitutional system used the expression Viva la Pepa! (Long live Pepa!) which really meant ‘Long live the Constitution!’
1
Tick the correct answer. Where was the first Constitution in history written?
Where was Spain’s first Constitution adopted?
In Spain.
In Cadiz.
In the United States.
In Madrid.
In what century was ‘La Pepa’ adopted?
Which King prohibited the Constitution of Cadiz?
In the 18th century.
Felipe II.
In the 19th century.
Fernando VII.
What does a constitution define?
How long did the 1812 Constitution last?
The rights and obligations of its citizens.
Four years.
The country’s holidays.
Two years.
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13 2
Read about the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Spain’s Constitution of 1978 took about one year to write and adopt. First, seven members were chosen to write the text of the Constitution. Then, a Constitutional Commission, made up of 36 people discussed and agreed on the text. Next, the Commission’s text went to Parliament, where the deputies and senators voted on all the articles of the Constitution. After that, the citizens of Spain approved the Constitution in a referendum held on 6th December, 1978. Finally, King Juan Carlos I signed the Constitution and it became law on 27th December, 1978.
◾ Look at the pictures of the creation of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and put them in order. A
C B
D
3
E
What do the Spanish people celebrate on 6th December? Explain. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Roman roads
Name
EXTENSION
Date
In Ancient Rome, there were roads that spread across the entire Roman Empire. They covered more than 90,000 miles and connected important cities and regions. The Romans first built roads for their armies. However, these roads soon became very important for trade and communication. The Romans built their roads using many layers of stone: First, they dug a deep trench and filled it with a thick layer of stones called the statumen. Then they laid down a layer of sand or gravel called the rudus. Next, they put a layer of crushed stones mixed with white lime on top. This was called the nucleus. Finally, they covered everything with paving stones called a pavimentum or summa cresta. 1
Answer. What did the Roman roads connect? What were the Roman roads first built for? What constructions nowadays are similar to Roman roads?
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Match. rudus
pavimentum
3
nucleus
statumen
Read the descriptions. Then, use the key to colour the Roman roads on the map. Via Augusta. It reached all the way to Gades, passing through the Ebro and Guadalquivir valleys. It was 1,500 kilometres long – the longest road in the entire Iberian Peninsula. It connected the cities of Tarraco, Corduba and Astigi, among others. Via de la Plata. It went from Emerita Augusta to Asturica Augusta, passing through Salmantica. Via of the Ebro Valley. It connected Asturica Augusta to Tarraco, passing through Llerda, Cesaraugusta, Numantia and Clunia. Via Meseteña. It passed through Toletum and joined Cesaraugusta and Augusta Emerita. Mar Ca n t a bCantábrico rian Sea
At O Cl Éa tic An NO
A TO Lc e Ta n ÁN ICO
Asturica Augusta Numantia Clunia
Ilerda Cesaraugusta
Salmantica
Tarraco
Toletum Emerita Augusta Corduba Astigi Gades
MMae rd
red
green
i t eMr
rea dn
e S r á e r t n ea i
Via Augusta
yellow
Via of the Ebro Valley
Via de la Plata 913253p73
brown
Via Meseteña
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The steam engine
Name
EXTENSION
Date
The 18th century was a crucial time in the search for more sources of energy. From prehistoric times and up till the 18th century, there had not been many changes, despite the increasing need for energy. At the end of the 18th century, James Watt, a Scottish inventor, invented the steam engine. This machine used the energy of water vapour that was collected from burning coal. Energy from water vapour could move a wheel at a steady rhythm. The steam engine was used in many different ways, in factories, in mines and for means of transport, especially trains. Thanks to James Watt’s steam engine and other great inventions, large factories were built which employed many workers. This period of history is called the Industrial Revolution. 1
Answer. In what century was the steam engine invented? Who invented the steam engine? Where was the steam engine invented?
2
Explain how the steam engine works.
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Why do you think this period of history is called the Industrial Revolution?
4
A caption is a short text that describes an illustration. Look at these pictures and write a caption for each. A
B
C
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Answer key 1 DIGESTION AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Reinforcement
3. Tick the correct sentence. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones.
1. Answer Digestion is the process which enables us to obtain nutrients from the food we eat. Digestion takes place in the organs of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. 2. Circle the organs in the digestive system. Mouth, stomach, intestines, anus.
6 A HEALTHY DIET 1. What is a healthy diet? A healthy diet gives us the right amount of nutrients and energy. 2. Look at the food wheel. Circle the healthier food in each pair of words.
3. Label the digestive system. Top to bottom: mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.
Oil; milk; grapes; chicken; bread; tomato. 7 PARTS OF PLANTS
2 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Match.
1. Complete the sentences. Nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, bronchi. 2. Why do we need oxygen? We need oxygen for many processes, such as digestion. 3. Label the respiratory system. Top to bottom: nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs.
1. Circle the parts of the circulatory system. Heart, arteries, veins.
Left: trunk; right: leaves, roots. Woody because it is hard and rigid. 3. Label the parts of the leaf.
8 PLANT NUTRITION 1. What do plants need? Label the drawing.
2. Write T (true) or F (false).
Sunlight; carbon dioxide; mineral salts; water.
F; T; F; T; T.
2. Label the diagram of photosynthesis.
3. Label the circulatory system.
Carbon dioxide; oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Blood vessels, heart, kidneys. 4 HEALTHY HABITS
3. What is photosynthesis?
1. Why are healthy habits important? Healthy habits help you to stay healthy. 2. Circle the healthy habits. Brushing teeth, good posture, exercising, washing hands.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food using water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight. 9 PLANT REPRODUCTION 1. Label the parts of the flower.
3. Why is it important to sleep well? You need to sleep ten hours to stay healthy.
Left: stamen, sepal; right: petal, pistil. 2. Complete the sentences.
4. Tick the good posture.
Sepals; petals; stamens; pistil.
Picture A.
3. Answer the questions.
5 FOOD AND NUTRIENTS
The flower; When pollen from the stamens of one plant reach the stigma of another plant.
1. Complete the sentences. Fats, carbohydrates; proteins; vitamins and minerals; fibre. 2. Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they give you. Proteins; proteins; carbohydrates; fats; vitamins; fibre.
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2. Label the plant. Then, answer the question.
Blade, petiole.
3 BLOOD CIRCULATION
82
Leaves: the green parts…; stem: the part that grows above ground…; roots: the parts that are usually below ground.
10 ROCKS 1. Write T (true) or F (false). T; F; T; F; T.
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Answer key Reinforcement 2. Match. Quarry: a place where rocks are extracted from near the surface of the ground. Shaft: the tunnel through which miners reach the rocks in a mine. Mine: a place where rocks and minerals are extracted. 3. Write three uses of rocks. Give an example for each. M. A. (Model Answer): Construction: granite; fuel: petroleum; sculptures: marble. 11 MINERALS 1. What are minerals? How are they different from rocks? Minerals are natural solid substances made up of only one substance. Rocks are made up of more than one substance. 2. Use the words to write sentences about minerals. M. A.: Minerals have different shapes. Lustre is how much a mineral shines. Minerals can be different colours. Hardness is a property of minerals. 3. Complete the sentence. Diamond. 4. Match each mineral to its use. Magnetite: for obtaining iron. Diamond for making jewellery. Gypsum for constructing buildings. 12 SOIL 1. Match. A: The actions of plants and animals. B. Small pieces of rock mix with humus. C. Rain, ice and wind wear down rocks into smaller pieces. 2. Label the layers of soil. Then, circle the layer that contains humus. Left: subsoil; right: topsoil, bedrock. Circle topsoil. 13 ECOSYSTEMS 1. Complete the chart. Environment: temperature, soil, water. Living things: plants, animals. 2. Use the words to make sentences. Ecosystems are made up of the environment and all the living things. Terrestrial ecosystems can be forests, deserts or grasslands. Aquatic ecosystems can be freshwater or saltwater. 14 RELATIONSHIPS IN ECOSYSTEMS 1. Match. Competition: two living things have the same needs. Cooperation: two living things help each other. Food relationships: living things eat other living things.
2. Draw the arrows for this food chain. Arrows to the right from grass to zebra to lion. 3. Write the names of the living things in Activity 2. Plant: grass. Herbivore: zebra. Carnivore: lion. 15 PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS 1. Match. Pollution: rubbish and care fumes. Deforestation: cutting down trees. Overexploitation: using up too many natural resources. 2. Look at the pictures. Write pollution, deforestation or overexploitation. A. deforestation; B. pollution; C. overexploitation. 3. Answer the questions. A nature reserve is a place with an unspoilt ecosystem, protected by law. O. A. 16 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES 1. Answer the questions. Matter is made up of everything around us. Volume is the amount of matter in an object. Solid, liquid and gas. 2. Match. Mass: in kilograms; volume in litres. 3. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. T; F: liquids have a fixed volume; F: Gases do not have a fixed volume or a fixed shape. 17 CHANGES IN MATTER 1. Cross out the wrong word. Then, rewrite the sentences. Wrong: oxidation; chemical changes; mixture; oxidation. 2. Complete the chart. Solid to liquid is melting; liquid to solid is freezing; liquid to gas is evaporation; gas to liquid is condensation. 18 MATERIALS 1. Classify the materials. Natural materials: wood, granite, leather. Man-made materials: concrete, glass, paper. 2. Circle six properties of materials and write them. Transparent, resistant, flexible, elastic, light, fragile.
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Answer key Reinforcement 19 FORCES 1. Look at how force acts upon the objects in each picture and write in contact or at a distance. A. at a distance; B. in contact; C. at a distance; D. in contact. 2. Read and circle two errors. Then, write the text correctly. This is called the force of gravity. This force attracts objects to the Earth.
1. What is energy? Now, complete the words. Energy makes things change. Types: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, nuclear, light. 2. What type of energy have they got? Petrol: chemical; uranium: nuclear; sunlight: light; wind: mechanical; x-rays: light; fire: thermal. 3. Write the types of energy each object uses and produces. A. chemical to mechanical; B. electrical to light; C. electrical to mechanical.
1. Classify the types of energy. Then, answer the question. Renewable energy sources: sunlight, wind, wood. Non-renewable energy sources: coal, petroleum, uranium. Non-renewable energy sources cannot be replaced once they have been used up. 2. Match the type of power station to its source of energy. Thermal power station: energy from coal, natural gas, petrol; hydroelectric: falling water; wind farm: wind; nuclear power station: uranium.
Light travels at very high speed in a straight line. 1. Match. A. opaque; B. transparent; C. translucent. 2. Look at the picture. Write reflection or refraction. Now, explain your answer. Reflection; M. A.: Light from the lamp hits the object and reflects into the girl’s eyes.
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Municipality; comarca. 2. Answer the questions about the picture.
25 AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES AND PROVINCES 1. Use the key to colour the map. O. A. (Open Answer): Autonomous Community with only one province: Asturias, Navarre, Murcia, Soria, Rioja, Cantabria, Madrid. Autonomous Community with more than seven provinces: Andalusia, Castile-Leon. 26 MY AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY 1. Colour your Autonomous Community or City. Now, answer the questions.
27 THE RELIEF OF SPAIN 2. Answer the questions. Mulhacen; Aneto. 28 THE RIVERS AND WATERSHEDS OF SPAIN 1. Match the words to their definitions. River: a body of moving water; tributary: a river that flows into a larger river; watershed: where rivers flow into the same sea; flow: the volume of water in a river. The Atlantic watershed; the Cantabrian watershed; the Mediterranean watershed.
1. How does light travel?
84
1. Read the definition and write the word.
2. Label the three watersheds of Spain.
22 THE PROPAGATION OF LIGHT
White; primary; reflect; absorb.
24 MUNICIPALITIES AND COMARCAS
O. A.
21 USES OF ENERGY
1. Complete the sentences.
We see the lemon as yellow because it absorbs all the colours except yellow, which it reflects.
A mountain comarca; B; four.
20 ENERGY
23 LIGHT AND COLOURS
2. Colour the lemon yellow. Now, explain how we see the lemon as yellow.
3. Write one river for each watershed. M. A. Atlantic: River Tagus; Cantabrian: River Navia; Mediterranean: River Ebro. 29 CLIMATE 1. Complete. weather, climate, Equator, Sun. 2. Match. polar zone: it is very cold all year round; temperate zone: the summers are warm and the winters are cool; tropical zone: it is hot all year round.
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Answer key Reinforcement 3. Identify and label the climates in Spain. A. Oceanic climate; B. Continental Mediterranean climate; C. Mediterranean climate; D. Subtropical climate. 30 POPULATION 1. Write census or municipal register. Municipal register; census. 2. Circle the correct options, A or B, then, circle the correct picture. A. and the top picture. 31 TRADITIONS AND FESTIVALS 1. Put the phrases in order, then, write two sentences. Traditions are customs that are passed down from adults to children. Traditional dishes are the typical foods of a place or region. 2. Give two examples of each type of tradition where you live. O. A. 32 THE PRIMARY SECTOR 1. What jobs belong to the primary sector? Forestry, mining, stockbreeding, fishing and farming. 2. Match the types of farming to the pictures. A. extensive farming, B. irrigated crops; C. dry crops. 3. Read the definitions and complete the words. Stockbreeding; fishing; mining; forestry. 4. How important is the primary sector in your Autonomous Community or City? Explain. O. A. 33 THE SECONDARY SECTOR 1. Complete the text with these words. Raw materials, manufactured products, secondary, construction. 2. Look at the pictures and write construction, industry or craft industry. Craft industry, construction, industry. 3. Write the products for each industry. Construction: steel, cement. Food: tinned tuna, ice cream. Technology: computers, video games. 34 THE TERTIARY SECTOR 1. What type of service is it? Read and answer. Trade.
Write an example for each service. M. A.: Trade: selling T-shirts; Tourism: visiting a museum in another country; Public services: public transport; Health services: hospitals; Educational services: schools. 2. What means of transport are there in your Autonomous Community or City? Which ones do you use every day? O. A. 35 HOW THE STATE IS ORGANISED 1. Complete the text. Constitution, referendum, rights, obligations, institutions, Parliament. 2. Read the definitions and write the word. The Constitution; referendum; democratic state; election manifesto; municipal elections; general elections. 36 HOW CITIZENS PARTICIPATE 1. Read and write right or obligation. Obligation; right; right; right; obligation. 2. Match and write. A. The right to express our ideas. B. The right to vote. C. The right to equality. 3. What are codes of conduct? Explain. Codes of conduct are lists of rights and obligations based on respect for others. 37 HOW PRIMITIVE HUMAN BEINGS LIVED 1. Look at the picture and answer the questions. The first human beings lived in caves. They lived near rivers. They ate fruits and plants and animals they hunted. They travelled on foot. They carried their things on their backs. They decorated their homes with wall paintings. 38 ROMAN TIMES 1. Look at the picture and write the number. 1. Domus; 2. Seaport; 3. Road; 4. Insula; 5. Temple; 6. Thermae; 7. Amphitheathre. 39 MEDIEVAL TIMES 1. Look for the names of the pictures in the wordsearch. Now, complete the text. A. noble; B. church(es); C. cart; D. peasant; E. castle, F. boat. Text: nobles, castles, peasants, carts, sailing boats, churches.
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Answer key Reinforcement 40 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 1. Match the people to their homes. A-2; B-1; C-3. 2. Read the definitions and write the word. Astrolabe; caravel; magnetic compass. ◾ Five hundred years ago, new inventions made it easier for explorers to travel the world. Name some of these inventions. M. A.: magnetic compass; astrolabe; caravel 41 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1. Circle the correct words, then, write the sentences correctly. • Two hundred years ago, large factories replaced
small workshops. • Factory workers lived in neighbourhoods which were
dirty and unhygienic. • The steam engine was invented 200 years ago.
2. Find and circle six discoveries and inventions in the wordsearch. Aspirin; train; light bulb; radio; x-rays; telephone. 42 LIFE NOWADAYS 1. Complete the chart with examples. M. A.: We live in single-family homes or high-rise flats. We travel by car, high-speed train, boat or aeroplane. Inventions: Internet, spacecrafts, computers. 2. Which do you think are the most important inventions? Choose three and explain your choices. O. A.
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Answer key
EXTENSION
1 UNDER THE SEA
• Aspirin comes from the bark of the willow tree.
1. What is the text about? Tick.
• O. A.
The text is about what equipment people need to stay underwater. 2. Why do people need special equipment to stay underwater? Think and explain. M. A.: We need special equipment to stay underwater because we need to breathe in oxygen from the air to live. There is not enough oxygen in water for us to breathe. Also, our bodies need protection because our skin, eyes, ears, etc., are not adapted to living under water. 3. Look at the scuba diver and match each item of his equipment to its use. Wetsuit: 3; scuba socks: 6; diving mask: 1; goggles: 2; fins: 5; weight belt: 7; aqualung: 4. 4. Why can fish live underwater without special equipment? Think and explain. M. A.: Fish breathe through gills, so they do not need an aqualung. They have scales to protect their bodies and fins to swim with. 2 LONG LIVE THE HAMBURGER! 1. Answer the questions. • The first hamburgers were made four thousand
years ago. • Genghis Khan was a Mongol emperor. • The name comes from the city of Hamburg
in Germany. th
• In the 14 century hamburgers were a flat cake
of meat placed between two slices of bread. • Great Britain introduced hamburgers to the
United States. 2. What nutrients are in a hamburger? Look and write. Hamburgers have carbohydrates from bread, proteins from meat, vitamins and minerals from tomatoes, lettuce and onions. 3. Read the clues, write the name of each country under its flag, then, colour. A. Mongolian; B. German; C. Egyptian; D. Russian; E. United Kingdom; F. United States of America. 3 NATURAL MEDICINES 1. Answer the questions. • The text is about medicinal plants and natural
medicines. • You can get food, wood, dyes, clothes and
medicines from plants.
2. Complete the crossword with the names of the plants. Across: 1. Nettle; 2. Chamomile; 3. Thyme. Down: 4. Eucalyptus; 5. Tilia. 3. What three types of plants are there? Give an example of each one. M. A.: Tree: willow; shrub: thyme; grass: poppy. 4 FOSSILS: ROCKS THAT REVEAL THE PAST 1. Answer the questions. • Fossils are the preserved remains of plants and
animals that lived on Earth millions of years ago. • A paleontologist studies fossils. • An ichnite is a rock containing a dinosaur
footprint. • You can find ichnites in Rioja, Teruel and Soria.
2. How are ichnites formed? Read, then, put the pictures in order. Top pictures: 3, 2; Bottom pictures: 1, 4. 3. Match each dinosaur to its foot and its footprint. A. Bottom foot, middle footprint; B. middle foot, top footprint; C. top foot, bottom footprint. 5 NATIONAL PARKS 1. Answer the questions. • A National Park is a protected area of unspoilt
ecosystems. • The first National Park was Yellowstone
in the U.S.A. • Spain’s first National Park was Mount Covadonga,
now called Picos de Europa. 2. Think and answer. What would happen if all the visitors to a National Park took home a rock or broke off a tree branch? M. A.: If everyone took home a rock or a tree branch, this would spoil the environment and the trees in the National Park because there are many visitors. 3. Look up information about a National Park and fill in the index card. O. A. 4. How can we help to protect natural landscapes? M. A.: We can take our rubbish home, not light fires, keep our dogs on a lead, not disturb nesting birds or young animals, keep to the footpaths…
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Answer key EXTENSION 6 PLASTIC: A MODERN MATERIAL
• Because light travels in a straight line and cannot
go around obstacles.
1. Write a short summary of the text. M. A.: There are many different types of plastics. They are used to make many things. You can make plastic bags, pot handles, rubber for car tyres and clothes with polyester. However, plastics are not biodegradable so they can pollute the environment. We should recycle plastics. 2. What does biodegradable mean? M. A.: Biodegradable means something that decomposes. 3. Look around the room. Write ten things you can see that are made of plastic. O. A. 4. What are these objects made of? Match. A. bakelite; B. EPS; C. rubber; D. polyester. 5. Write down your ideas to reuse plastic containers. M. A.: Use a butter container with a lid to keep change in.
• When the angle between the light source and the
opaque object changes. 2. Match each shadow to the correct pair of hands. Then, practice the shapes. A. 5; B. 3; C. 4; D. 1; E. 2. 3. Look at where the Sun is and where Peter Pan is standing. Draw his shadow. The shadow is behind Peter Pan, bottom left. 4. Do transparent objects have shadows? Think and explain. Transparent objects do not have shadows because light can pass through them. 9 GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES 1. Read and answer. • Geographical coordinates are lines on a globe to
help find geographical locations. • Meridians are vertical lines that go from pole to
pole on a globe.
7 PERPETUAL MOTION
• Latitude is the distance between any point and the
1. Read the text and answer the questions. • All machines need energy to function. • A perpetual motion machine is a machine that never stops, so it only needs energy to get started once.
2. Label the compass rose.
2. Look at the painting and answer. M. Escher; 1961; Waterfall; M. A.: Yes, because you can see water falling in the picture.
3. Colour the Equator red and the Greenwich Meridian blue. Then, complete the chart.
3. Look at Escher’s painting. What machine is in perpetual motion? Colour it. The water wheel. 4. How do you think the machine in Escher’s painting works? Explain. It works by energy from falling water. 5. Look at these machines and answer. A. fuel; B. water power; C. human energy; D. electricity. The aeroplane and the train use energy that pollutes; Fuel and electricity are not renewable energy resources. 6. Imagine you invented a perpetual motion machine. How would it change the world? O. A.
• A shadow is a dark area caused by an opaque
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B. northern, north, east; C. northern, north, west; D. southern, south, east. 10 THREE DAYS IN THE PROVINCE OF SALAMANCA 1. Draw the route on the map in red. Circle the places the erxcursion passes through in blue. The route is traced in red through these places circled in blue: Zamora, Arribes del Duero, Ledesma, Salamanca, Bejar, Candelario. 2. Look at the map and answer. • Four villages or cities: Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca,
Ledesma, Candelario. • Four rivers: River Duero, River Tormes, River Alagon,
River Cuerpo de Hombre. • Provinces: Zamora, Valladolid, Caceres.
3. Look at the chart. Write the distances in kilometers between the cities.
1. Answer.
88
Compass rose: clockwise from North: northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest.
• Country: Portugal.
8 SHADOWS
object blocking light.
Equator.
Distances: 212 km; 94 km; 160 km; 277 km; Closest city to Salamanca: Zamora; Furthest city from Salamanca: Caceres.
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Answer key EXTENSION 11 THE WORLD’S POPULATION 1. Answer. • M. A.: The population has grown so much in the
past six decades because there has been a rise in births and a decline in deaths. • Antarctica has the smallest population. • China has the largest population.
2. Complete the bar chart. Bar chart: Africa: 925 million; America: 1,263 million; Antarctica: 1,000 scientists; Asia: 3,950 million; Europe: 728 million; Oceania: 33 million. 3. Think and calculate. 216,000 × 365 days = 78,840,000 people. 4. Circle, then write six words from the wordsearch to complete these sentences. 1. Census; 2. India; 3. Birth rate; 4. Brazil; 5. Oceania; 6. Death rate. 12 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION (ILO) 1. Read and answer. • The ILO is a specialised agency of the UN
which promotes better working conditions for workers. • It was founded in 1919, on 11th April. • The headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. • The aims are: to eradicate child labour and improve
working conditions for workers all over the world. 2. Match each international organization to one of its aims. UN / To promote respect for human rights around the world. UNICEF / To defend the rights of children. WHO / To promote good health levels around the world. UNESCO / To promote world peace through education, culture, science and communications. FAO / To improve nutrition through advances in agriculture. 3. Write the name of each organization under its logo. Food and Agricultural Organisation; UNICEF; International Labour Organisation; WHO; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
4. Do you think children should work? Explain. O. A. 13 LONG LIVE ‘LA PEPA’! 1. Tick the correct answer. In the United States. In the 19th century. The rights and obligations of its citizens. In Cadiz. Fernando VII. Two years. 2. Read about the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Look at the pictures of the creation of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and put them in order. A. 1; E. 2; B. 3; D. 4; C. 5. 3. What do the Spanish people celebrate on 6th December? Explain. Spanish people celebrate the approval of the Constitution of 1978. People were happy to celebrate having the same rights and obligations. 14 ROMAN ROADS 1. Answer. • They connected important cities and regions. • They were built for the Roman armies. • Motorways because they are very straight roads
and connect important cities. 2. Match. statumen: bottom layer; rudus: next layer up; nucleus: next layer up; pavimentum is the top layer. 15 THE STEAM ENGINE 1. Answer. 18th century; James Watt; in Scotland. 2. Explain how the steam engine works. It uses energy from water vapour collected from burning coal. The vapour moves a wheel. 3. Why do you think this period of history is called the Industrial Revolution? M. A.: The Industrial Revolution was when people started to work in factories in industry instead of in the fields in agriculture. 4. A caption is a short text that describes an illustration. Look at these pictures and write a caption for each. M. A: Caption A: Factories employed many workers. Caption B: There were many new inventions during this period. Caption C: Large factories were built.
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Diagnostic tests 1 The human body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 2 Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3 The physical environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5 Population and economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6 Time and space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 ANSWER KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
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1
The human body
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name 1
Date
Label. forearm head abdomen leg thorax thigh arm
2
Complete the sentences. muscles
heart
skin
brain
bones
The human body is covered with . The body’s and The
are under it. is used for thinking. It is in your head.
There are different organs in the trunk, for example, the . 3
Look and answer. What part of the body is this?
A B
Which letter points to a bone?
C
Which letter points to a muscle? Which letter points to a joint?
4
Why can muscles help bones to move? Tick the correct answer. Because muscles are rigid. Because muscles are elastic. Because muscles are organs that form part of the skeleton.
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1 5
Complete the chart. Smell
Taste
Touch
The sense organ is the It lets you
6
Circle the words that are related to the eye. cornea
light
7
pituitary
retina
cochlea
taste buds
Label the diagram.
8
lens
Look at the images. How does the sense of sight work? A
B
C
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2
Living things
Name 1
2
Date
Which life process is it? People interact with each other.
Plants make their own food.
Living things create offspring.
Write a definition for these words.
3
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
carnivore herbivore omnivore
Write A if this is characteristic of animals and P if it is characteristic of plants. They eat other living things. They make their own food. They cannot move, but they grow towards sunlight. They use their sense organs, muscles and nervous system to carry out the life process of sensitivity. They can reproduce from cuttings.
4
What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?
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2 5
How many groups of vertebrate animals are there? Write their names.
6
Complete the chart. Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
They breathe through Their bodies are covered with Their limbs are Their reproduction is 7
Match. A
B
molluscs
arthropods D
C
jellyfish
worms
8
What do all the animals in Activity 7 have in common? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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3
The physical environment
Name 1
Date
Look at the diagrams. Identify and label orbit or rotation. B
A
2
3
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Write the names of the phases of the moon. A
B
C
D
Complete the diagram with the correct words. evaporation
condensation
melting
solid
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solidification
liquid
gas
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3 4
Label the water cycle. sea river rain clouds condensation evaporation
5
Write T (true) or F (false). Air is a mixture of gases. Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the air. Air always has the same shape. Oxygen is not necessary for living things on Earth.
6
What is the difference between weather and climate?
7
Write a sentence with each group of words. foot
summit
slopes
beaches
cliffs
coast
8
What is a river? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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4
Machines
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name 1
Date
Complete the sentences. energy
communicate
time
effort
force
Machines save us and . A telephone is a machine that lets us . All machines need
to function.
Scissors need human to function. 2
What energy source do these machines use? A
B
3
C
What type of simple machine is it? Match. A
ramp
B
lever
C
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pulley
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4 4
Circle the words that are related to compound machines. pulley
electronic circuit
wheel
5
few pieces
motor
What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?
6
Complete the summary. few pieces
inclined plane
compound
bicycle
wheel
simple
many pieces
Machines can be…
These are made up of
These are made up of for example
for example
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5
Population and economy
Name 1
2
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Date
Read and write city or village. The streets are short and narrow.
Many people live there.
There are extensive modern neighbourhoods.
Few people live there.
Many people work in offices there.
Read the clues. Tick the correct boxes in the table. Mark is 23 years old and lives in Povedilla, a village in Albacete. Abby is 15 years old. She lives and studies in the city of Zamora. Sarah is 59 years old. She has one grandson and lives in the city of Melilla. Stan is 66 years old. He is a cyclist. He lives in Navaleno, a village in Soria. Population groups By age Adolescent
Adult
By locality Old age
Rural
Urban
Mark Abby Sarah Stan 3
Read and complete with the two correct phrases. more births than deaths. more deaths than births. Population increases when there are
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*
more emigrants than immigrants. more immigrants than emigrants.
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5 4
Answer the questions with these words. carpenter farmer musician shop assistant miner baker Which jobs obtain resources from nature? Which jobs turn raw materials into manufactured products? Which jobs offer services to others?
5
Write each word in its correct place. aeroplane station train airport boat railways port flight paths sea routes
Means of transport
6
Travel along
Place it arrives at or leaves from
What are means of communication for? Give examples.
7
Circle the correct word. The place that governs a village or town is the mayor / town hall. Neighbours / councillors choose their mayor. Municipal elections take place every four / three years. Sanitation / Recreational services are in charge of keeping the town clean. Town planning / Highway services are in charge of making new roads. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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6
Time and space
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name 1
Date
Look at the map. Circle the symbols according to the key. red
A theatre to the north of the city.
blue
A football stadium to the west of the city.
green
A train station to the east of the city.
yellow
A library to the south of the city
N W
E S
2
airport
train station
library
theatre
football stadium
musem
Match. past present future
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things that will happen later things that are happening now things that happened earlier
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6 3
Write the words in order from the shortest to the longest amount of time. decade
millennium
year
century
month
week
4
Complete the timeline with events from your life. Date I was born.
◾ What is your favourite memory? How old were you? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Individual results chart Name
Date Yes
NP*
Comments
The human body Recognise body parts. Name and locate some organs. Recognise the function of bones, joints and muscles. Recognise the sense organs and identify the parts of the eye. Explain how the sense of sight works.
Living things Know the life processes of nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction in animals and plants. Recognise the characteristics of the main groups of vertebrates. Explain the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate. Identify groups of invertebrates: arthropods, jellyfish, molluscs and worms.
The physical environment Identify the Earth’s orbit and the Earth’s rotation. Recognise the changing states of water. Describe the water cycle, including the changing states of water. Differentiate between weather and climate. Identify characteristics of mountain and coastal landscapes. Define a river.
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Individual results chart
Yes
NP*
Comments
Machines Define a machine. Identify common machines and their uses. Identify some simple machines. Differentiate between simple and compound machines. Identify some components of compound machines.
Population and economy Differentiate between a city and a village. Classify population groups by age and place. Distinguish between birth rate / death rate; emigration / immigration. Classify different types of jobs. Classify means of transport. Define means of communication. Know who makes up a local council. Know some municipal services.
Time and space Use the points of a compass to locate places on a map. Know the concepts of past, present and future. Know different units of measurement of time. Complete a timeline.
NP: Needs practice.
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Answer key
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1 THE HUMAN BODY 1. Label. Left-hand labels: thorax; forearm; thigh. Right-hand labels: head; arm; abdomen; leg. 2. Complete the sentences. Skin, bones, muscles, brain, heart. 3. Look and answer. The arm; A; C; B. 4. Why can muscles help bones to move? Tick the correct answer. Because muscles are elastic. 5. Complete the chart. Sense organs: smell: nose; taste: tongue; touch: skin. It lets you: smell, taste, touch. 6. Circle the words that are related to the eye. Words related to the eye: cornea; lens; light; retina. 7. Label the diagram. Left-hand labels: cornea; pupil; iris. Right-hand labels: lens; retina; optic nerve. 8. Look at the images. How does the sense of sight work? The boy’s eyes see a butterfly. The eyes send the information to the brain through the optic nerve. The brain tells the boy it is a butterfly. 2 LIVING THINGS 1. Which life process is it? Life processes: sensitivity; nutrition; reproduction. 2. Write a definition for these words. Carnivore: an animal that eats other animals; herbivore: an animal that eats only plants; omnivore: an animal that eats plants and animals. 3. Write A if this is characteristic of animals and P if it is characteristic of plants. A; P; P; A; P. 4. What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate? A vertebrate animal has a skeleton with a backbone. An invertebrate animal does not have a backbone. 5. How many groups of vertebrate animals are there? Write their names. Vertebrate groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. 6. Complete the chart. Fish; gills; scales; fins; oviparous. Amphibians: lungs; bare skin; legs; oviparous. Reptiles: lungs; scales; legs; oviparous. Birds: lungs; feathers; legs and wings; oviparous. Mammals: lungs; fur or hair; legs and arms; viviparous. 7. Match. A. jellyfish; B. molluscs; C. arthropods; D. worms. 8. What do all animals in Activity 7 have in common? All these animals are invertebrates. They do not have a backbone. 3 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 1. Look at the diagrams. Identify and label orbit or rotation. A. Rotation; B. orbit.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TEST 2. Write the names of the phases of the moon. A. waxing moon; B. full moon; C. new moon; D. waning moon. 3. Complete the diagram with the correct words. Labels: top, left to right: melting; evaporation. Bottom: left to right: condensation; solidification. 4. Label the water cycle. Water cycle: Labels: left: top to bottom: rain; condensation; river. Right: clouds; evaporation; sea. 5. Write T (true) or F (false). T; F; F; F. 6. What is the difference between weather and climate? Climate is weather patterns over a long period of time in a specific place. Weather is atmospheric conditions at a specific time in a place. 7. Write a sentence with each group of words. A mountain has three parts: the summit at the top, then slopes, then the foot at the bottom. A coast can be highland, for example, cliffs, or low land, for example, beaches. 8. What is a river? A river is a moving body of fresh water. 4 MACHINES 1. Complete the sentences. time, energy, communicate, force, effort. 2. What energy source do these machines use? A. human effort; B. electricity; C. fuel. 3. What type of simple machine is it? Match. A. pulley; B. ramp; C. lever. 4. Circle the words that are related to compound machines. electronic circuit; motor. 5. What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine? A simple machine is made up of one or a few pieces. A compound machine has many pieces. 6. Complete the summary. Machines can be simple. These are made up of one or few pieces, for example, a lever, an inclined plane. Compound machines are made up of many pieces, for example, a bicycle. 5 POPULATION AND ECONOMY 1. Read and write city or village. Village; city; city; village; city. 2. Read the clues. Tick the correct boxes in the table. Mark: adult, rural; Abby: adolescent, urban; Sarah: adult, urban; Stan: old age, rural. 3. Read and complete with the two correct phrases. Population increases when there are more births than deaths and more immigrants than emigrants. 4. Answer the questions with these words. farmer, miner; carpenter, baker; musician, shop assistant.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TEST 5. Write each word in its correct place. Means of transport: aeroplane, train, boat. Travel along: flight paths, railways, sea routes. Arrive at and leave from: airport, station, port. 6. What are means of communication for? Give examples. Means of communication allow people to be in contact. For example, a telephone. 7. Circle the correct word. town hall, councillors, four, sanitation, highway. 6 TIME AND SPACE 1. Look at the map. Circle the symbols according to the key. See key on map. 2. Match. past: things that happened earlier; present: things that are happening now; future: things that will happen later. 3. Write the words in order from the shortest to the longest amount of time. week, month, year, decade, century, millennium. 4. Complete the timeline with events from your life. What is your favourite memory? How old were you? O. A.; O. A.
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Assessment
Unit assessments
Unit tests
1 Inside your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
140
2 Keeping healthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112
141
3 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114
142
4 Minerals, rocks and soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
143
5 Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118
144
6 Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120
145
7 Forces and energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
146
8 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
147
9 Where we live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126
148
10 Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
149
11 Population and traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
150
12 Economic activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
132
151
13 Political institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134
152
14 Life thousands of years ago . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
153
15 Life hundreds of years ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
138
154
Term assessments Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
166
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
Term tests Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
170
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
176
Answer keys
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Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
182
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1
Inside your body
Name 1
ASSESSment
Date
Answer. What is digestion? What organs make up the digestive system?
2
Label the digestive system.
3
Write T (true) or F (false). Nutrients are substances we need to breathe. Lungs are spongy sacks that are in your thorax. The oxygen you need to live goes into your lungs. The kidneys are part of the respiratory system.
4
Label the picture of the respiratory system.
5
Why do we need oxygen?
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1 6
What does the heart do?
7
Complete the text about the circulatory system. continually circulates around our body thanks to the , an organ that is made up of that are working all the time. The heart pumps blood through the to all parts of the body.
8
Classify these words. trachea lungs anus heart bronchi stomach intestine veins arteries
9
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Why is this sentence false? The kidneys are the organs which take the air we breathe to our lungs.
10 Read the definitions and write the word. Small parts of food which our body can absorb.
The organ that continually pumps blood.
Hollow tubes through which blood circulates.
Very thin and fragile blood vessels.
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2
Keeping healthy
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
What are healthy habits? Write some examples.
2
Complete. You should sleep hours a day. Food has the your body needs. Your supports your back.
3
Match. This helps our digestive system work correctly. We need them to grow. We need them to stay healthy. They give us energy.
4
carbohydrates and fats fibre proteins vitamins and minerals
Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain.
5
What is a food wheel? How do you use it?
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2 6
Circle the foods you should not eat too much of.
7
What nutrients does each of these foods contain?
8
yoghurt
green peppers
olive oil
lentils
bread
Cross out the odd food in each food group. A
9
B
C
Write a sentence with each group of words. sports
diet
exercise
foods
fatty
less
10 What is a balanced diet? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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3
Plants
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Write a sentence with each group of words. water
mineral salts
carbon dioxide
sunlight
reproduction
flowers
organs
2
What is the difference between evergreens and deciduous trees?
3
Complete the sentences. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the
of one flower
to the of another. The fruit of a plant grows from the fertilised and has
inside.
4
Number the pictures in order.
5
Describe two different types of plant stems.
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3 6
Name two ways in which pollination can occur.
7
Label the parts of a flower.
8
Read the definitions and write the words.
9
It is made up of petals.
It is made up of sepals.
They are the male parts of the flower.
It is the female part of the flower.
Complete the diagram about plant nutrition. Plants need
Take in / release
10 What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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4
Minerals, rocks and soil
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Write T (true) or F (false). Rocks can be distinguished by their hardness, colour and lustre. Diamond is the softest mineral, and gypsum is the hardest. Rocks are made up of minerals. Rocks make up the solid part of the Earth.
2
Use these words to write a sentence about minerals. properties
hardness
colour
lustre
shape
3
What is a quarry?
4
Write three uses of minerals. Give an example for each.
5
Classify the rocks and minerals. limestone Rocks
Minerals
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marble
diamond
granite
malachite
pyrite
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4 6
Number the layers of soil from top to bottom.
7
What is humus? Where is it found?
8
Explain what is in each layer of soil. topsoil
subsoil
bedrock 9
How is soil made? Number the pictures.
10 Complete the text. rocks.
are made up of only one substance. They form form the solid part of the Earth.
Rocks and minerals are found in . Soil has got three layers: ,
and .
is in the topsoil.
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5
Ecosystems
Name 1
ASSESSment
Date
Write a sentence with these words. components environment living things ecosystem
2
Complete the outline about ecosystems.
3
living things water plants soil the environment temperature rocks animals
Z ] ] ] Components ] of [ ecosystems ] ] ] ] \
Z [ \ Z ] ] [ ] ] \
Define these parts of an ecosystem. Living things
Environment
4
What types of ecosystems are there?
5
What type of ecosystem is this?
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5 6
Give examples for each. Producers
Consumers
7
Label the living things in the food chain and draw the arrows.
8
What type of relationship is it? Identify and write.
9
Two species with the same needs compete.
Two species help each other.
Give examples for each relationship. Competition between two living things. Cooperation between two living things. Three living things in the same food chain.
10 What is a nature reserve? Explain and give an example. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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6
Matter
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Write definitions for volume and mass.
2
What is matter?
3
Give two examples for each state of matter. solid
liquid
gas
4
Label the processes for the changes of state.
gas
liquid
5
solid
Complete the sentences. Two or more substances mixed together is a . A mixture of two or more metals is an . Changes in matter can be mixtures, changes of or changes.
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6 6
What is the difference between a change of state and a chemical change? Give an example of each.
7
When an iron key rusts, what change in matter takes place? Complete. It is a
change because
8
What are materials?
9
Give two examples of each. Natural materials from minerals
Natural materials from plants
Natural materials from animals
10 Describe the properties of the materials used to make these glasses. aluminium glass
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7
Forces and energy
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Look at the swing. Why is it moving?
2
What kind of force is acting in each picture? A
B
3
What is the force of friction? Explain and give an example.
4
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Explain and give an example of each.
5
Complete the sentences. In a toaster, energy transforms into energy. In a light bulb, energy transforms into energy. With a candle, energy transforms into energy.
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7 6
Classify these sources of energy. wind
7
natural gas
Renewable energy sources
Non-renewable energy sources
coal
sunlight
wood
petroleum
What are fossil fuels?
8
9
Write the names of six types of energy.
Explain how a hydroelectric power station produces electricity.
10 Underline two errors in the text. When we burn fuels, they produce oxygen. This goes into the atmosphere and decreases the temperature of the planet. This is called global warming. ◾ Now, write the correct text. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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8
Light
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Tick the picture that best represents how we see objects. A
2
B
C
Write T (true) or F (false). Light travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometres per hour. Light travels in all directions. Light can pass through opaque objects. Light travels in a straight line.
3
Explain what happens to light as it passes through the water.
4
Tick the correct column. Opaque
Translucent
Transparent
Wood Drinking water Green glass 5
Draw the shadow of the apple.
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8 6
What is the dispersion of light? Give an example.
7
Write a sentence with each group of words. ray of light prism rainbow red green primary
blue
8
What colour is an object which reflects blue light? Explain.
9
This text is not correct. Write the correct version. White objects absorb all colours of light and do not reflect any light they receive. Black objects reflect all the light they receive.
10 What colours does a green object absorb? What colours does it reflect? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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9
Where we live
ASSESSment
Name 1
2
Date
Write the word for each definition. One or more cities, towns or villages which are governed by the same local council.
Several municipalities that are near each other and share common characteristics.
A territory larger than a comarca that is made up of many municipalities.
What kind of comarca is in the picture?
3
Write two examples of services in a comarca.
4
Where are the basic services of a comarca found?
5
What types of jobs do many of the inhabitants of a comarca share?
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9 6
Explain how the territory of Spain is organised.
7
What are the symbols of an Autonomous Community?
8
Write T (true) or F (false). Autonomous Communities are made up of only one province. Every Autonomous Community has its own history and customs. Each Autonomous Community has its own government institutions. All Autonomous Communities have the same capital.
9
Complete the chart. AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES Name
Capital
Provinces
Galicia Rioja Extremadura Cantabria 10 Write about your Autonomous Community or City. Name: Capital: Borders: It is made up of these provinces: Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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10
Landscapes
ASSESSment
Name
Look at the map and circle the area of your Autonomous Community or your Autonomous City. Cape Or tegal
Cantabrian
E Cape Finisterre
S
GAL ICIA NM AS SI
W
Bay of Biscay
C A N TA B RIAN RANGE
Inner
RA
L M
IN
CH
A E N O R
Gulf of Cadiz
BAE
MO
R
ANDORRA
E
UN
TA
TIC
Ceuta
M
OU
AIN NT
N
E
N
IN
IN TA
AIN CH
MO TAL AS CO
River Ebro Delta
BALEARIC ISLANDS
Cape Nao
CHA
Cape Creus
S
E
Gulf of Valencia
LEDO
E N G R A
CANARY ISLANDS Tarifa Point
N
Plateau
MOUNTAINS OF TO
M
N AI
Y
A IN
NT
TA
RIA
P
CH
CE
N OU
IBE
FRANCE
IN
P O R T U G A L
AT L A N T I C OCEAN
AT L A N T I C O C E A N
Sea
Cape Peñas
F
UN
N
CA TA LA
1
Date
Cape Palos
Cape Gata
i Med
ter
ran
n ea
Se
a
Melilla
2
Answer. What is the difference between inland and coastal landscapes? 189714p128 España físico Are there inland landscapes in your Autonomous Community or City? Give an example.
3
Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City.
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10 4
What is the name of the highest peak in your Autonomous Community or City? Where is it?
5
What is the name of the most important river in your Autonomous Community or City?
6
Is this sentence correct? Explain why or why not. My Autonomous Community has the same climate everywhere.
7
What things do we need to know to find out the climate of a place?
8
Describe the temperature and precipitation in your Autonomous Community or City.
9
What fauna is characteristic of your Autonomous Community or City?
10 Write the name of four plant species found in your Autonomous Community or City.
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11
Population and traditions
Name 1
ASSESSment
Date
Write definitions for these words. municipal register
census
2
Explain the difference between immigrant and emigrant.
3
When does the population of a place increase?
4
Read the sentence and underline the mistake. Natural growth is the difference between the immigrants that arrive and the emigrants that leave a place. ◾ Now write the text correctly.
5
Look at the picture. Is the population increasing or decreasing? Explain.
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11 6
What is natural growth?
7
Describe the population in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City.
8
What are traditions? Give some examples.
9
Write the names of these traditions. A
B
C
10 Complete the chart with an example for each traditon. Traditions in my Autonomous Community / City
dances
historical monuments
typical dishes
festivals
example
example
example
example
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12
Economic activities
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Name these jobs. Write the sectors they belong to. A
2
B
Write two examples of jobs in this economic sector. Secondary sector
3
C
What economic activities are there in the primary sector in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City?
4
Look at the picture and write: the name of the job, the sector it belongs to, and what the workers do.
5
What kind of industries are there in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City?
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12 6
Explain. What is the most important economic sector in your Autonomous Community or City? What is the least important economic sector in your Autonomous Community or City?
7
8
Complete.
services are provided by banks or savings institutions.
services are carried out in schools and universities.
services are carried out in health centres and hospitals.
Is tourism important in your Autonomous Community or City? What are the most important tourist areas?
9
Name three means of transport in your Autonomous Community or City.
10 Complete the chart. Economic activities in my Community
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
for example
for example
for example
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13
Political institutions
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
What is the difference between general elections and elections in an Autonomous Community?
2
3
Is it a right or an obligation? Write the answer for each. Respect the correspondence of others.
Receive a good education.
Express your ideas in public.
Obey the law.
Write T (true) or F (false). In Spain, everybody has the same rights and obligations. The Constitution is the most important law in Spain. Spanish citizens approved the Constitution in 1988. The most important institutions of Spain are its Parliament and the local councils.
4
Match. Statutes Constitution
5
The State
An Autonomous Community
Write the name of the institution of the Autonomous Community or City in charge of these functions. Making the laws.
Making decisions about the needs of the community.
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13 6
Read and explain what this sentence means.
Voting is free, secret and universal.
7
Write three groups which peacefully defend citizens’ interests.
8
What does the right to equality mean?
9
Answer. Who elects the members of the Autonomous Parliament or Assembly? Who elects the President of the Autonomous government?
10 Complete the sentences. candidates
election manifesto
electoral campaign
political party
A is a group of citizens with similar ideas about how to govern. Before elections, political parties draw up an to explain their ideas. They also designate government positions, and they organise an
to hold to promote
their party’s ideas. Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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14
Life thousands of years ago
ASSESSment
Name 1
Date
Number the transport from the oldest to the most modern.
A
2
B
C
Tick the true answers. Then, correct the false ones. The first humans made tools of wood or bones. The Romans built seaports. Noblemen lived in insulae. Romans built thermae to carry water to their cities.
3
What buildings did the Romans have for entertainment?
4
Complete the chart.
In medieval times
buildings
5
transport
historical remains
Describe these buildings. Domus
Insulae
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14 6
Describe the different characteristics of Romanesque and Gothic churches.
7
Where did most peasants live in medieval times?
8
Look at the picture and answer. What kind of building is it? Where is it positioned? Why was it built there? What parts of the building can you see?
9
Circle the object used many thousands of years ago. Explain your choice. A
B
C
D
10
Match the buildings to their uses. A place for chariot races
temple
A place for gladiator fights
circus
A place to worship the gods
amphitheatre
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15
Life hundreds of years ago
Name 1
ASSESSment
Date
Write about these inventions. Printing press: Steamship: High-speed train:
2
3
Read and write: 500 years ago, 200 years ago, or nowadays. Workers lived in poor city neighbourhoods with no sewage system.
Rich people lived in palaces.
People live in tall buildings or in family homes.
Complete the chart. 500 years ago buildings
4
transport
historical monuments
What did the magnetic compass, the astrolabe and the caravel modernise? Explain.
5
Explain why cities grew rapidly 200 years ago.
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15 6
What new means of transport were invented 200 years ago?
7
Write three inventions from the Industrial Revolution.
8
Look at the house. Then, read the text and circle the correct words. Five hundred / thousand years ago, craftsmen lived in cities / villages. Their houses had two / four storeys. The main rooms / workshops were on the top / bottom floor. The craftman’s family lived on the top / bottom floor.
9
Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false ones. The steam engine modernised transport 500 years ago. Large factories replaced small workshops 200 years ago. The printing press was invented 500 years ago. Satellite television and the Internet were invented 200 years ago.
10 Number the inventions in order from the most ancient to the most modern.
A
B
C
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D
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Inside your body
TEST 1
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The process of breaking food down into nutrients is called
6. The organs in charge of cleaning the blood and making urine are
a. circulation.
a. the lungs.
b. respiration.
b. the heart.
c. digestion.
c. the kidneys.
2. The digestive system starts in a. the mouth.
7. The system in charge of making blood circulate through the body is
b. the stomach.
a. the digestive system.
c. the intestines.
b. the circulatory system.
3. needs to live.
is the gas our body
c. the respiratory system. 8. The organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels is
a. Nitrogen b. Oxygen
a. the heart.
c. Hydrogen
b. the kidneys.
4. The most important organs in the respiratory system are a. the kidneys.
c. the lungs. 9. The trachea is part of the
b. the lungs.
a. circulatory
c. the blood vessels.
b. respiratory
5. Blood circulates through tubes called a. kidneys.
system.
c. digestive 10. Very thin, fragile blood vessels are called
b. intestines.
a. veins.
c. blood vessels.
b. capillaries. c. arteries.
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Keeping healthy
TEST 2
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. Healthy habits a. help you stay healthy.
7. Everything you normally eat and drink every day is
b. give you nutrients.
a. your diet.
c. help you when you are ill.
b. your snack.
2. Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals are a. energy.
c. your nutrients. 8. The diet that gives you the right amount of each nutrient is
b. nutrients.
a. the Mediterranean diet.
c. diets.
b. a sufficient diet.
3. Fats give you a. calcium. b. energy. c. vitamins. 4. The nutrients you need to grow are a. proteins. b. fats. c. fibre. 5. Calcium is a. a vitamin.
c. a balanced diet. 9. Two essential foods in a balanced diet are a. bread and meat. b. water and exercise. c. dairy products and fruit. 10. Milk gives you a. vitamins and proteins. b. carbohydrates and minerals. c. proteins and calcium.
b. a protein. c. a mineral. 6. Carbohydrates give you a. fats. b. energy. c. fibre.
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Plants
TEST 3
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The part of a plant that is underground is
6. Plants get water and mineral salts through their
a. the root.
a. stems.
b. the stem.
b. leaves.
c. the leaf.
c. roots.
2. Soft, flexible stems are called a. woody
7. Plants produce their own food through a process called
b. herbaceous.
a. nutrition.
c. pistil.
b. photosynthesis.
3. is the part of the leaf connected to the stem. a. The petiole
c. reproduction. 8. During photosynthesis, plants release
b. The blade
a. oxygen.
c. The stamen
b. carbon dioxide.
4. Trees that lose their leaves in autumn are a. evergreen.
c. nitrogen. 9. The part of a flower made up of little green leaves called sepals is
b. deciduous.
a. the stamen
c. yellow.
b. the corolla.
5. Living things that make their own food are
c. the calyx. 10. The female part of a flower is
a. plants.
a. the corolla.
b. animals.
b. the pistil.
c. people.
c. the stamens.
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Minerals, rocks and soil
TEST 4
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. form the solid part of the Earth.
6. The layer of soil that contains humus is
a. Minerals
a. the topsoil.
b. Rocks
b. the subsoil.
c. Seas
c. the bedrock.
2. All rocks are made up of a. minerals.
7. The layer of soil that contains the most water is
b. marble.
a. the topsoil.
c. granite.
b. the subsoil.
3. Quartz is a. a mineral, because it is made up of two substances. b. a mineral, because it is made up of only one component. c. a rock, because it is made up of only one component. 4. One property of minerals is a. hardness. b. the amount of water they have. c. resistance. 5. The layer of earth that covers rocks and contains water, air and the remains of plants and animals is called
c. the bedrock. 8.
is a rock.
a. Quartz b. Feldspar c. Granite 9. Plants a. are harmful to the soil. b. protect soil erosion. c. never touch the soil. 10. The hardest mineral is a. plaster. b. diamond. c. calcite.
a. the atmosphere. b. the sea. c. the soil.
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Ecosystems
TEST 5
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. Plants and animals are
6. Deforestation means
a. natural things.
a. there is little water.
b. living things.
b. there is air pollution.
c. non-living things.
c. there are fewer forests.
2. The Earth has two main types of ecosystems: a. terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. b. saltwater ecosystems and grasslands. c. terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 3. are living things that produce their own food.
7. is the collection of all the living and non-living things that function together in one place. a. An ecosystem b. An environment c. A nature reserve 8. Freshwater and saltwater ecosystems are a. marine ecosystems.
a. Minerals
b. terrestrial ecosystems.
b. Plants
c. aquatic ecosystems.
c. Animals
9. Animals are
4. shows how living things feed off other living things. a. A balanced diet
b. consumers. c. non-living things.
b. A healthy diet c. A food chain 5. is the relationship between two living things with the same needs. a. Competition
a. producers.
10. is the relationship between two living things that help each other. a. Friendship b. Support c. Cooperation
b. Cooperation c. Conflict
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Matter
TEST 6
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. All objects in the universe are made up of
6. When changing from a gas to a liquid, a substance goes through
a. matter.
a. melting.
b. plastic.
b. condensation.
c. iron.
c. solidification.
2. Common properties of matter are a. volume and flexibility. b. volume and mass. c. volume and strength. 3. Solids have a. shape but no volume. b. a fixed shape and volume. c. volume but no shape. 4. When we mix two or more substances, we get a. a liquid. b. a mixture. c. mass. 5. Alloys are a. mixtures of metals. b. changes of state. c. volumes.
7. Petroleum is a. a natural material that comes from minerals. b. an artificial material that comes from minerals. c. a natural material that comes from plants. 8. When matter is heated or cooled, the result is a. a mixture. b. condensation. c. a change of state. 9. Oxidation and combustion are a. chemical changes in which a substance combines with oxygen. b. physical changes in which a substance combines with oxygen. c. changes of state. 10. Paper, glass and steel are a. man-made materials. b. natural materials. c. chemical materials.
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Forces and energy
TEST 7
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. cause objects to start moving and to stop moving.
6. Coal, oil and natural gas are a. forces of nature.
a. Magnets
b. fossil fuels.
b. Forces
c. renewable energy sources.
c. Poles 2. The force that causes objects to be attracted to Earth is called
7. Thermal power stations produce electricity from a. uranium.
a. gravity.
b. sunlight.
b. friction.
c. coal.
c. attraction. 3. The energy stored in fuels is
8. The force that causes objects to slow down and stop is called
a. chemical energy.
a. gravity.
b. electricity.
b. the force of attraction.
c. light energy.
c. friction.
4. Energy sources that will run out are called
9. Fossil fuels are extracted from a. nuclear power stations.
a. renewable energy sources.
b. mines and deposits.
b. non-renewable energy sources.
c. wood.
c. forces of attraction. 5. In a car, the chemical energy of petrol is transformed into
10. When the same poles of two magnets are put together, they a. repel each other.
a. mechanical energy.
b. attract each other.
b. light energy.
c. cause friction.
c. wind energy.
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Light
TEST 8
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. We see objects because
6. Light travels at a speed of
a. light reflects on them and reaches our eyes.
a. 300,000 metres per second.
b. light passes through them.
c. 300,000 kilometres per second.
c. light makes them brighter. 2. Light travels a. in all directions and in parallel lines. b. in two directions and in a straight line. c. in all directions and in a straight line. 3. Clear glass is a. opaque. b. transparent. c. translucent. 4. Shadows are formed because a. light travels in straight lines. b. light is transparent. c. light is reflected in mirrors. 5. Reflection of light is when light bounces off an object that is a. opaque.
b. 300,000 kilometres per hour.
7. White light is made of a. red, yellow and blue. b. all the colours of light. c. white light. 8. The primary colours of light are a. red, green and blue. b. red, green and white. c. red, yellow and blue. 9. Objects that absorb all the colours of light are a. black. b. red. c. white. 10. Objects that do not allow light to pass through them are a. transparent. b. translucent. c. opaque.
b. translucent. c. transparent.
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Where we live
TEST 9
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 6. All Autonomous Communities share
1. Spain is made up of a. 15 Autonomous Communities and 2 Autonomous Cities.
a. their capital.
b. 17 Autonomous Cities and 2 Autonomous Communities.
c. national laws and institutions.
c. 17 Autonomous Communities and 2 Autonomous Cities. 2. A group of nearby municipalities makes up a. a comarca. b. a region. c. a province.
b. their hymn.
7. There are communities in Spain.
insular
a. two b. three c. one 8. A is where the government institutions of a province are located. a. municipality
3. The names of the different types of comarcas are based on a. their population.
b. provincial capital c. regional capital 9. An Autonomous Community is made up of
b. their landscape. c. their history.
a. one or more provinces.
4. The two Autonomous Cities of Spain are a. the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands. b. Ceuta and Melilla. c. Catalonia and Extremadura. 5. The two insular Autonomous Communities of Spain are a. Ceuta and Melilla. b. the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands.
b. an Autonomous City and a province. c. an Autonomous City and a region. 10. The symbols of an Autonomous Communities are a. its coat of arms, population and territory. b. its coat of arms, flag and capital. c. its coat of arms, flag and hymn.
c. Galicia and the Basque Country.
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Landscapes
TEST 10
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. Central Spain is dominated by a. the Inner Plateau.
6. Rivers on the same watershed flow into the same
b. the Baetic Chain.
a. river.
c. the Ebro river basin.
b. mountain chain.
2. The highest mountains on the Iberian Peninsula are a. Teide and Mulhacen.
c. sea. 7. All the animal life which is characteristic of an area is its
b. Teide and Aneto.
a. fauna.
c. Mulhacen and Aneto.
b. flora.
3. The Iberian Peninsula has two large, low-lying plains called a. chains.
c. zoo. 8. All the vegetation which is characteristic of an area is its
b. beaches.
a. fauna.
c. river basins.
b. flora.
4. The Mediterranean coast has a. rocky cliffs. b. estuaries and gulfs. c. sandy beaches. 5. A is a river that flows into a larger river. a. basin b. tributary c. coastline
c. nature reserve. 9. refers to temperature, wind and precipitation at a particular time and place. a. Climate b. Weather c. Landscape 10. are near the Equator. a. The polar zones b. The temperate zones c. The tropical zones
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Population and traditions
TEST 11
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The population of a place is recorded by the
6. Migratory growth is the difference between
a. census and municipal register.
a. births and deaths.
b. birth registration.
b. births and immigrants.
c. registration of deaths.
c. immigrants that arrive and emigrants that leave.
2. The difference between people who are born and die in a place in one year is called
7. The population of a place grows when there are
a. birth rate.
a. fewer births and more deaths.
b. natural growth.
b. fewer immigrants and more emigrants.
c. mortality. 3. Customs that have existed for a long time are called a. festivals.
b. two years.
c. traditions.
c. ten years.
4. Food prepared in a traditional way is called a a. diet.
b. an emigrant.
c. menu.
c. an immigrant.
5. The list of people who live in a municipality is called a. the municipal register.
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9. The person who comes to a new place to live is a. a tourist.
b. typical dish.
c. the birth register.
8. A census is updated every a. year.
b. monuments.
b. the census.
c. more births and more immigrants.
10. Dances, monuments, festivals and typical foods of a place are its a. festivals. b. traditions. c. legends.
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Economic activities
TEST 12
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. Jobs that obtain resources directly from nature belong to
6. The tertiary sector is also known as a. the secondary sector.
a. the primary sector.
b. the primary sector.
b. the secondary sector.
c. the service sector.
c. the tertiary sector. 2. The secondary sector includes jobs that a. offer services. b. transform raw materials into manufactured products. c. obtain resources from nature. 3. Construction belongs to a. the primary sector. b. the secondary sector. c. the tertiary sector. 4. People who visit places on holiday are a. tourists. b. immigrants. c. emigrants. 5. Transport belongs to the a. primary sector. b. secondary sector.
7. Educational services are provided in a. schools. b. museums. c. markets. 8. On the coast, a very important economic activity is a. mining. b. farming. c. tourism. 9. Trade belongs to the a. the primary sector. b. the secondary sector. c. the tertiary sector. 10. Farming production has increased over the years because a. there are more farmers. b. people eat less food. c. there are modern farming techniques.
c. tertiary sector.
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Political institutions
TEST 13
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 6. The symbols of an Autonomous Community or City are
1. Spain is a. a democratic state. b. a public state.
a. its name, capital and borders.
c. a private state.
b. its flag, coat of arms and hymn.
2. The rights and obligations of Spanish citizens are recognised in a. municipal laws. b. the Constitution.
c. politicians and leaders. 7. The are the most important laws in an Autonomous Community or City. a. budgets
c. political agendas. 3. The President of an Autonomous Community is elected by a. the mayor of the Autonomous Community.
b. Statutes of Autonomy c. municipal laws 8. A group of citizens with similar ideas about how to govern is
b. the parliament of the Autonomous Community.
a. a political party.
c. advisors.
c. a consumer association.
4. The current Spanish Constitution was approved in a. 2008.
b. an electoral program.
9. Members of the European Parliament are elected in
b. 1968.
a. Autonomous Community elections.
c. 1978.
b. general elections.
5. The parliament of an Autonomous Community is elected during
c. European Parliament elections. 10. General elections are held every
a. general elections.
a. three years.
b. Autonomous Community elections.
b. four years. c. five years.
c. European Parliament elections.
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Life thousands of years ago
TEST 14
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The first humans lived
7. Roman villas were
a. near islands.
a. near castles.
b. near castles.
b. in cities.
c. near rivers.
c. in the country.
2. The first humans lived in
8. Amphitheatres were
a. villages.
a. for gladiator fights.
b. caves.
b. for bathing and relaxing.
c. monasteries.
c. for chariot races.
3. The first humans made a. amphitheatres and temples.
9. Roman cities were connected by stone
b. paintings, simple tools and clay pots.
a. amphitheatres.
c. castles and cities.
c. temples.
4. Romans spoke
b. roads.
10. The arches of Gothic churches are
a. Roman.
a. round.
b. Italian.
b. pointed.
c. Latin.
c. vaulted.
5. In medieval times, people who lived in castles were a. noblemen. b. peasants. c. Romans. 6. The wheel was invented a. by the first human beings. b. by the Romans. c. by noblemen.
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Life hundreds of years ago
TEST 15
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. About 500 years ago, doctors, bankers and artisans lived in a. cities. b. villages. c. slums. 2. The printing press was invented a. 1,000 years ago.
7. A great, recent invention is a. the printing press. b. the radio. c. Internet. 8. Five hundred years ago, a craftsman’s home had
b. 500 years ago. c. 200 years ago. 3. About 200 years ago, people built a. castles.
a. one floor: the front was his home and the back was his workshop. b. two rooms: one for the craftsman to live and one for his workshop.
b. factories. c. amphitheatres. 4. The steam engine was invented a. 1,000 years ago. b. 500 years ago.
c. two floors: the ground floor was his workshop and the top floor was his home. 9. The people who worked in factories 200 years ago were
c. 200 years ago. 5. The first vaccines were discovered a. recently.
a. craftsmen. b. workers. c. merchants.
b. 500 years ago. c. almost 200 years ago. 6. Five hundred years ago, a. the steam train was invented. b. there were many advances in navigation.
10. Five hundred years ago, peasants lived in a. residential neighbourhoods. b. poor neighbourhoods. c. country villages.
c. there were aeroplanes that flew from one continent to another.
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Answer key
ASSESSMENTs and tests
1 INSIDE YOUR BODY 1. Answer. • Digestion is the process by which the body obtains nutrients from food. • The main organs are the mouth, the stomach, the large and small intestines and the anus. 2. Label the digestive system. Digestive system labels: left: mouth, anus; right: stomach, intestines. 3. Write T (true) or F (false). F; F; T; F. 4. Label the picture of the respiratory system. Respiratory system labels: left: nose, lungs; right: trachea, bronchi. 5. Why do we need oxygen? We need oxygen to breathe, and to live. 6. What does the heart do? The heart pumps blood around the body. 7. Complete the text about the circulatory system. Blood, heart, muscles, blood vessels. 8. Classify these words. Digestive system: anus, stomach, intestine. Respiratory system: trachea, lungs, bronchi. Circulatory system: heart, veins, arteries. 9. Why is this sentence false? The kidneys filter the blood, eliminate waste and produce urine. 10. Read the definitions and write the word. nutrients; the heart; blood vessels; capillaries. ASSESSMENTs 1 test 1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. b, 5. c, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. b, 10. b 2 KEEPING HEALTHY 1. What are healthy habits? Write some examples. Healthy habits are activities to keep us healthy such as a balanced diet, exercise and ten hours sleep. 2. Complete. Ten hours; nutrients; backbone. 3. Match. Fibre helps our digestive system work correctly. We need proteins to grow. We need vitamins and minerals to stay healthy. Carbohydrates and fats give us energy. 4. Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain. This breakfast is healthy because it contains fruit, cereal, and milk which give us all the proteins, vitamins and minerals we need. 5. What is a food wheel? How do you use it? A food wheel shows the different food groups. It tells us how much we should eat from each group. 6. Circle the foods you should not eat too much of. You shouldn’t eat too much cheese, sausage and cakes. 7. What nutrients does each of these foods contain? Yoghurt: calcium and proteins; green peppers: vitamins and minerals; olive oil: fats; lentils: proteins and fibre; bread: carbohydrates.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 8. Cross out the odd food in each food group. A. milk; B. meat; C. carrot. 9. Write a sentence with each group of words. To be healthy, eat a healthy diet and do exercise and sports. You should eat less fatty foods. 10. What is a balanced diet? A balanced diet gives you the right amount of nutrients your body needs to be healthy. ASSESSMENTs 2 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. c 3 PLANTS 1. Write a sentence with each group of words. Plants need water, mineral salts and carbon dioxide to make their food. Flowers are the organs of reproduction of plants. 2. What is the difference between evergreens and deciduous trees? Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter, but evergreens keep their leaves all year round. 3. Complete the sentences. Stigma, stamen, flower, seeds. 4. Number the pictures in order. 1, 3, 2, 4. 5. Describe two different types of plant stems. Woody: they are hard and rigid and are called trunks. Herbaceous: they are soft and flexible. 6. Name two ways in which pollination can occur. Pollen can be carried by insects or by the wind. 7. Label the parts of a flower. Left: petal, sepal; right: stamen, pistil. 8. Read the definitions and write the words. Corolla; Calyx; Stamens; Pistil. 9. Complete the diagram about the plant nutrition. Plants need: sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 10. What is photosynthesis? Where does it occur? Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. It takes place in the leaves. ASSESSMENTs 3 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. b 4 MINERALS, ROCKS AND SOIL 1. Write T (true) or F (false). T; F; T; T. 2. Use these words to write a sentence about minerals. Some properties of minerals are hardness, colour, lustre and shape. 3. What is a quarry? A quarry is a hole near the surface of the ground where rocks and minerals are mined. 4. Write three uses of minerals. Give an example for each. Uses of minerals: in construction, for example, gypsum to make cement; for making jewellery, for example, diamonds; for obtaining metals, for example, iron is extracted from magnetite. 5. Classify the rocks and minerals. Rocks: limestone, granite, marble; Minerals: malachite, diamond, pyrite.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 6. Number the layers of soil from top to bottom. 3, 1, 2. 7. What is humus? Where is it found? Humus is a dark layer of soil containing the remains of animals and plants. It is where plants grow. 8. Explain what is in each layer of soil. Topsoil: sand, clay, air, water and humus; Subsoil: small stones, sand, clay and some water; Bedrock: rocks and very little water. 9. How is soil made? Number the pictures. 3, 1, 2. 10. Complete the text. Minerals; Rocks; soil; topsoil, subsoil and bedrock; Humus. ASSESSMENTs 4 test 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. b 5 ECOSYSTEMS 1. Write a sentence with these words. An ecosystem is made up of all the living things and the components of the environment. 2. Complete the outline about ecosystems. Components of ecosystems: living things: plants, animals; the environment: water, soil, temperature, rocks. 3. Define these parts of an ecosystem. Living things: all the plants and animals; Environment: everything which affects the living things: type of soil, type of rock, water, temperature. 4. What types of ecosystem are there? Ecosystems can be terrestrial or aquatic. 5. What type of ecosystem is this? An aquatic ecosystem. 6. Give examples for each. Producers: plants; Consumers: mice, birds. 7. Label the livings things in the food chain and draw the arrows. Food chain: grass, mouse, eagle. 8. What type of relationship is it? Identify and write. Competition; Cooperation. 9. Give examples for each relationship. • Competition: plants compete for sunlight. • Cooperation: insects pollinate some plants. • Three living things: grass, mouse, eagle. 10. What is a nature reserve? Explain and give an example. A nature reserve is an ecosystem which is protected by law. ASSESSMENTs 5 test 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. c, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c 6 MATTER 1. Write definitions for volume and mass. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies; Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 2. What is matter? Everything around us is made up of matter, for example, water, air, etc. 3. Give two examples for each state of matter. solid: mineral, rock; liquid: water, milk; gas: air, oxygen. 4. Label the processes for the changes of state. Liquid to gas: evaporation; gas to liquid: condensation; solid to liquid: melting; liquid to solid: solidification. 5. Complete the sentences. mixture; alloy; changes of state or chemical changes. 6. What is the difference between a change of state and a chemical change? Give an example of each. A change of state is when a substance changes its physical state but the substance stays the same, for example, when water cools and changes to ice; A chemical change is when a substance changes into another substance, for example, when milk changes into yoghurt. 7. When an iron key rusts, what change in matter takes place? Complete. It is a chemical change, because the key combines with oxygen to make iron oxide, or rust. 8. What are materials? Materials are substances we use every day for making things because they have very useful properties. 9. Give two examples of each. Natural materials from minerals: granite, marble; Natural materials from plants: cotton and wood; Natural materials from animals: silk and wool. 10. Describe the properties of the materials used to make these glasses. Aluminium is very light and resistant. The glass in the lenses is transparent. ASSESSMENTs 6 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. b, 5. a, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a 7 FORCES AND ENERGY 1. Look at the swing. Why is it moving? The swing is moving because a force is acting on it: the child is pushing it. 2. What kind of force is acting in each picture? A. A magnet: force of attraction; B. The apple is falling: force of gravity. 3. What is the force of friction? Explain and give an example. Friction is a force between two surfaces which acts on objects to slow them down, for example, a skateboard is slowed down by friction between the wheels and the road. 4. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Explain and give an example of each. Renewable energy sources never run out, for example, wind energy; Non-renewable energy sources cannot be replaced once they have been used up, for example, coal. 5. Complete the sentences. In a toaster, electrical energy transforms into thermal energy; In a light bulb, electrical energy transforms into light energy; With a candle, thermal energy transforms into light energy. 6. Classify these sources of energy. Renewable energy sources: wind, sunlight, wood; Non-renewable energy sources: natural gas, coal, petroleum. 7. What are fossil fuels? Fossil fuels are petroleum, coal and natural gas. 8. Write the names of six types of energy. Six types of energy: mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear and light energy.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests Explain how a hydroelectric power station produces electricity. In a hydroelectric power station mechanical energy from falling water is transformed into electrical energy. 9. Underline two errors in the text. Now, write the correct text. Errors in text: oxygen; decreases. Correct sentence: When we burn fuels they produce carbon dioxide. This goes into the atmosphere and increases the temperature of the planet. This is called global warming. ASSESSMENTs 7 test 1. b, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. b, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. a 8 LIGHT 1. Tick the picture that best represents how we see objects. B. 2. Write T (true) or F (false). T; T; F; T. 3. Explain what happens to light as it passes through the water. If you put a pencil in a glass of water, it looks bent. This is because light is refracted when it passes from the air to the water. 4. Tick the correct column. Wood: opaque; Drinking water: translucent: Green glass: transparent 5. Draw the shadow of the apple. O. A. 6. What is the dispersion of light? Give an example. Light is dispersed into all the colours when it passes through a transparent prism. When the Sun shines and it rains at the same time, we see a rainbow. This is because the raindrops act like tiny prisms: they separate the white light into the seven colours of the rainbow. 7. Write a sentence with each group of words. A prism disperses a ray of light into the seven colours of the rainbow. The primary colours of light are red, green and blue. 8. What colour is an object which reflects blue light? Explain. Blue, because an object always reflects its own colour. 9. This text is not correct. Write the correct version. White objects reflect all light and do not absorb any light. Black objects absorb all light and do not reflect any light. 10. What colours does a green object absorb? What colours does it reflect? A green object absorbs red, blue, magenta, white, yellow and cyan, and reflects green. ASSESSMENTs 8 test 1. a, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. c 9 WHERE WE LIVE 1. Write the word for each definition. Municipality; Comarca; Province. 2. What kind of comarca is in the picture? A mountain comarca. 3. Write two examples of services in a comarca. Hospitals; schools. 4. Where are the basic services of a comarca found? They are usually found in the town with the best means of transport and communications.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 5. What types of jobs do many of the inhabitants of a comarca share? Agriculture; Stockbreeding; Fishing; Industry; Tourism. 6. Explain how the territory of Spain is organised. It is organised into seventeen Autonomous Communities. It also has two Autonomous Cities, Ceuta and Melilla. 7. What are the symbols of an Autonomous Community? A coat of arms and a flag. Some Communities also have a hymn. 8. Write T (true) or F (false). F; T; T; F. 9. Complete the chart. Galicia: A Coruña, A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense, Pontevedra; Rioja: Logroño, Rioja; Extremadura: Merida, Caceres and Badajoz; Cantabria: Santander, Cantabria 10. Write about your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. ASSESSMENTs 9 test 1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c 10 LANDSCAPES 1. Look at the map and circle the area of your Autonomous Community or ypur Autonomous City. O. A. 2. Answer. Inland landscapes consist of mountains and plains. Coastal landscapes are near the sea. O. A. 3. Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City. O. A. 4. What is the name of the highest peak in your Autonomous Community or City? Where is it? O. A. 5. What is the name of the most important river in your Autonomous Community or City? O. A. 6. Is this sentence correct? Explain why or why not. O. A. 7. What things do we need to know to find out the climate of a place? We need to know typical weather patterns over a long period of time. 8. Describe the temperature and precipitation in your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. 9. What fauna is characteristic of your Autonomous Community or City? O. A. 10. Write the name of four plant species found in your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. ASSESSMENTs 10 test 1. a, 2. c, 3. c, 4. c, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. b, 10. c 11 POPULATION AND TRADITIONS 1. Write definitions for these words. municipal register: this is a list of the people who live in a municipality; census: this is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality, a province or a country. 2. Explain the difference between immigrant and emigrant. An Immigrant comes to live in a new place, whereas an emigrant leaves his/her place of birth and goes to live somewhere else.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 3. When does the population of a place increase? When the number of births and immigrants is greater than the number of deaths and emigrants. 4. Read the sentence and underline the mistake. Natural; Migratory growth is the difference between the immigrants that arrive and the emigrants that leave a place. 5. Look at the picture. Is the population increasing or decreasing? Explain. Increasing (3 – 2 = 1) There is one birth and two immigrants who come to live in the town. There is one death and one emigrant who leaves town. 6. What is natural growth? Natural growth is the difference between the number of babies who are born in a place in one year and the number of people who die. 7. Describe the population in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City. O. A. 8. What are traditions? Give some examples. Traditions are the customs of people in a particular place and include songs, dances, costumes, typical food, legends, as well as the way of speaking. Some examples are: traditional dances of chotis in Madrid and sevillanas in Andalusia. Tradition: the recreation of the battles between the Carthaginians and the Romans in Cartagena, every September. 9. Write the names of these traditions. A: Traditional building; B: Traditional dish; C: Traditional dance. 10. Complete the chart with an example for each tradition. O. A. ASSESSMENTs 11 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. c, 10. b 12 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1. Name these jobs. Write the sectors they belong to. farmer – primary; shoemaker – secondary; waiter – tertiary 2. Write two examples of jobs in this economic sector. factory worker; T-shirt designer. 3. What economic activities are there in the primary sector in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City? O. A. 4. Look at the picture and write: the name of the job, the sector it belongs to, and what the workers do. Job: bricklayer; Sector: secondary; They build houses. 5. What kind of industries are there in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City? O. A. 6. Explain. O. A. 7. Complete. Financial; Education; Health. 8. Is tourism important in your Autonomous Community or City? What are the most important tourist areas? O. A. 9. Name three means of transport in your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. 10. Complete the chart. O. A.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests ASSESSMENTs 12 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. c, 7. a, 8. c, 9. c, 10. c 13 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS 1. What is the difference between general elections and elections in an Autonomous Community? During general elections, citizens vote for the candidates of a political party. Those who win seats in the Lower House of Parliament elect the President of the Government of Spain; During Autonomous Community elections, citizens vote for the members of their Autonomous Community parliament. 2. Is it a right or an obligation? Write the answer for each. Obligation; Right; Right; Obligation. 3. Write T (true) or F (false). T; T; F; F. 4. Match. Statutes – An Autonomous Community; Constitution – The State 5. Write the name of the institution of the Autonomous Community or City in charge of these functions. The Statutes of Autonomy; Local council. 6. Read and explain what this sentence means. All citizens 18 years old and over can choose and elect the candidates they prefer. Voting is confidential. 7. Write three groups which peacefully defend citizens’ interests. Political parties; Neighbourhood associations; Trade unions 8. What does the right to equality mean? The right to equality means that we have the obligation not to discriminate against anybody because of their sex, race, religion or beliefs. 9. Answer. The citizens; The Autonomous Community Parliament. 10. Complete the sentences. political party; election manifesto; candidates; electoral campaign. ASSESSMENTs 13 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. b, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. b 14 LIFE THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO 1. Number the transport from the oldest to the most modern. B: 1; A: 2; C: 3. 2. Tick the true answers. Then, correct the false ones. T; T; F; F. Noblemen lived in castles; Romans built aqueducts to carry water to their cities. 3. What buildings did the Romans have for entertainment? Theatres for performing plays; Amphitheatres for watching gladiator fights; Circuses for watching chariot races; Bath houses, called thermae, for bathing and relaxing. 4. Complete the chart. buildings: castles, huts; transport: on foot, on horseback or in horse-drawn carts; historical remains: Romanesque and Gothic churches. 5. Describe these buildings. Domus were private houses for rich people. They were large homes with an atrium, or patio, in the centre to let in light, and a pool to collect rainwater; Insulae were apartment buildings for the poorer people. They had three or four storeys, and were crowded and uncomfortable.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests 6. Describe the different characteristics of Romanesque and Gothic churches. Romanesque churches had very thick stone walls and round arches. They were built with only a few small windows, so they were dark inside; Gothic churches had thinner stone walls, vaulted stone roofs and pointed arches. They were larger and taller than Romanesque churches, and brighter inside because they had many large windows. 7. Where did most peasants live in Medieval times? Peasants lived in villages near castles. They lived in simple huts made of wood, straw and mud, with one single room. 8. Look at the picture and answer. A castle; On a hill, to keep it safe from attack; The walls and the towers. 9. Circle the object used many thousands of years ago. Explain your choice. B: The first human beings made clay pots for storing, transporting and cooking food. 10. Match the buildings to their uses. A place for chariot races: circus; A place for gladiator fights: amphitheatre; A place to worship the gods: temple. ASSESSMENTs 14 test 1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. b 15 LIFE HUNDREDS OF YEARS AGO 1. Write about these inventions. The printing press is one of the most important inventions of all time. It could make many copies, much faster. Cheaper books helped more people receive an education; The steamship modernised travel and everyday life. It was faster and did not depend on wind power to move; The high-speed train moves twice as fast as traditional trains and is safer and more comfortable. 2. Read and write: 500 years ago, 200 years ago, or nowadays. Workers lived in poor city neighbourhoods with no sewage system: 200 years ago; Rich people lived in palaces: 500 years ago; People live in tall buildings or in family homes: nowadays. 3. Complete the chart. buildings: palaces, two-storey houses, simple houses; transport: on foot, on horseback, horse-drawn carriages. historical monuments: palaces. 4. What did the magnetic compass, the astrolabe and the caravel modernise? Explain. Navigation at sea. 5. Explain why cities grew rapidly 200 years ago. Because peasants abandoned villages to go and work in factories, in the cities. 6. What new means of transport were invented 200 years ago? Steam trains and steamships. 7. Write three inventions from the Industrial Revolution. Electricity; Telephone; Radio. 8. Look at the house. Then, read the text and circle the correct words. hundred; cities; two; workshops; bottom; top. 9. Write T (true) or F (false). F; T; T; F. The steam engine modernised transport 200 years ago; Satellite television and the Internet were invented less than 100 years ago. 10. Number the inventions in order from the most ancient to the most modern. 1: C; 2: A; 3: D; 4: B. ASSESSMENTs 15 test 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c
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1
TERM ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1
Label the digestive system.
2
Complete the text about the circulatory system. is continuously moving inside our body. The pumps blood through the and the capillaries.
3
Write two nutrients that each food contains. A
4
until it reaches
B
C
Write two examples of a healthy habits.
5
Label the parts of the flower.
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1 6
What is the difference between a fleshy fruit and a dry fruit? Give some examples.
7
Match the three columns. minerals rocks
8
make up the solid part of the Earth are the materials rocks are made of
quartz granite
Explain how wind and rain help form soil.
9
Is the environment the same as an ecosystem? Explain.
10 Label the food chain and complete it with arrows. Then, answer the questions.
Which is the producer? Which are consumers? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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2
TERM ASSESSMENT
Name 1
Date
Which has more mass, the jug or the glass? Explain.
2
Write definitions. Mixtures: Changes of state: Chemical changes:
3
Give two examples of forces and how they act.
4
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Give an example of each.
5
Explain how light behaves differently depending on the object.
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How do we know that white light is made up of all the colours?
7
Look at the map and answer. N
A Coruña Santiago de Compostela
W
E Pontevedra
BASQUE F R A N C E COUNTRY Donostia-San Sebastian Bilbao GUIPUZCOA Vitoria-Gasteiz Pamplona/Iruña ANDORRA ALAVA CHARTERED BURGOS LEON PALENCIA COMMUNITY HUESCA Logroño GIRONA LLEIDA Palencia Burgos RIOJA OF NAVARRE Huesca Girona ZAMORA C ATA L O N I A ARAGON Soria CASTILE-LEON Lleida BARCELONA Valladolid SORIA Zaragoza Barcelona Zamora VALLADOLID
Oviedo PRINCIPALITY Lugo OF ASTURIAS GALICIA Leon LUGO
A CORUÑA
PONTEVEDRA
Ourense OURENSE
S
Santander
CANTABRIA
ZARAGOZA
SEGOVIA
Salamanca
P O R T U G A L
VIZCAYA
Segovia GUADALAJARA SALAMANCA Avila COMMUNITY Guadalajara OF MADRID AVILA Madrid Cuenca Toledo CACERES CASTILE-LA MANCHA
Merida
CIUDAD REAL
BADAJOZ CORDOBA
Huelva
Valencia COMMUNITY OF VALENCIA
VALENCIA
Ciudad Real
Badajoz
HUELVA
Teruel CASTELLON Castellon de la Plana
CUENCA
TOLEDO
Caceres EXTREMADURA
Tarragona
TARRAGONA
TERUEL
Albacete ALBACETE
Palma de Mallorca BALEARIC ISLANDS
ALICANTE
Alicante JAEN
Murcia Jaen REGION SEVILLE Cordoba OF MURCIA A N D A L U S I A GRANADA ALMERIA Seville Granada Almeria MALAGA
Cadiz
CADIZ
Malaga
AT L A N T I C O C E A N CANARY ISLANDS Santa Cruz LAS PALMAS de Tenerife Las Palmas de Gran Canaria SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE
Ceuta
ALGERIA Melilla
MOROCCO
Name your Autonomous Community or City: Its capital:
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Its borders: Its provinces: 8
Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or City.
9
What are the fauna and flora of your Autonomous Community or City? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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3
TERM ASSESSMENT
Name 1
Date
What is the difference between natural and migratory growth?
2
Describe the population of your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City.
3
Look at the picture and write: the type of job, the sector it belongs to, what people in this job do.
4
What kind of industries are in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City?
5
After what elections are these people chosen or named? President of the Government
President of an Autonomous Community or City
Mayor
Member of the European Parliament
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3 6
Read the sentences. Circle the false one. Then, explain why it is false. The Constitution is the most important law in Spain. Spain is a democratic state where some people have the same rights and obligations. The Constitution recognises the rights and obligations of the Spanish people. Voting is universal, secret and free.
7
Complete the chart. Thousands of years ago
2,000 years ago
1,000 years ago
People lived in People travelled People made 8
9
What were these Roman constructions used for? Aqueduct
Temple
Circus
What was a caravel and what was it used for?
10 Two hundred years ago, what were workers’ neighbourhoods like? Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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TERM 1 TEST
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The trachea is part of a. the digestive system.
6. Plants take in carbon dioxide through their
b. the respiratory system.
a. leaves.
c. the circulatory system.
b. stem.
2. The organ which pumps blood throughout our body is
c. roots. 7. Rocks are made up of
a. the kidney.
a. granite.
b. the heart.
b. marble.
c. the lungs.
c. minerals.
3. A healthy diet should be a sweet and salty.
8. The layer of soil that has very little water is
b. balanced and processed.
a. topsoil.
c. balanced and sufficient.
b. subsoil. c. bedrock.
4. Vegetables give us a. vitamins, minerals and fibre. b. protein and calcium. c. carbohydrates and vitamins. 5. The woody or herbaceous part of a plant that grows above ground is a. the roots. b. the leaves. c. the stem.
9. Non-living things, such as temperature, water, soil or rocks, that affect living things are part of a. the environment. b. the landscape. c. the climate. 10. Forests, grasslands and deserts are a. terrestrial ecosystems. b. natural ecosystems. c. aquatic ecosystems.
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TERM 2 TEST
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The amount of matter in an object is its a. mass.
7. An area which is made up of several municipalities and is larger than a comarca is
b. volume.
a. an Autonomous Community.
c. weight.
b. a province.
2. When matter is heated or cooled, there is a. a change of state. b. a mixture. c. a chemical change. 3. Gravity a. attracts objects to the Sun. b. makes objects slow down or stop. c. attracts objects to the Earth. 4. Bodies in motion are using a. chemical energy. b. mechanical energy. c. electricity. 5. When light hits an opaque body, it is
c. a city. 8. The two Autonomous Cities of Spain are a. the Canary and Balearic Islands. b. Ceuta and Melilla. c. Madrid and Melilla. 9. The volume of water in a river is called its a. channel. b. flow. c. course. 10. The weather patterns of a place over a long period tell us the a. heat.
a. refracted.
b. precipitation.
b. reflected.
c. climate.
c. dispersed. 6. A red object reflects a. all colours of light. b. red light. c. no light.
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TERM 3 TEST
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The census and the municipal register are used to know
6. In a democratic state,
a. what the regions are like.
a. the laws for men are different from the laws for women.
b. what the population is like.
b. there are no unions.
c. how many political parties there are.
c. citizens elect their representatives freely.
2. The difference between the number of births and deaths in a place in one year is called a. migration growth.
a. houses. b. houses in the countryside. c. buildings with several floors.
b. natural growth.
8. One thousand years ago, noblemen lived in
c. immigration growth. 3. Jobs that get resources directly from nature belong to a. the primary sector.
a. cities. b. villages. c. castles.
b. the secondary sector. c. the tertiary sector. 4. Most people in my Autonomous Community or City work in a. the primary sector.
9. A great invention from five hundred years ago is the a. wheel. b. steam engine. c. printing press.
b. the secondary sector. c. the tertiary sector. 5. The Spanish Constitution was approved in a referendum in a. 1987.
7. In Roman times, the insulae were
10. Two hundred years ago, workshops were replaced by a. shops. b. factories. c. banks.
b. 1978. c. 1998.
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Answer key
TERM assessments
Term 1 Assessment
1. Label the digestive system. Left: oesophagus, anus; right: stomach, small intestine. 2. Complete the text about the circulatory system. Blood; heart; arteries; veins. 3. Write two nutrients that each food contains. A: proteins, calcium; B: vitamins, minerals; C: carbohydrates, fibre. 4. Write two examples of healthy habits. Eat a healthy diet and do sport and exercise. 5. Label the parts of the flower. Left: petal, sepal; right: stamen, ovary. 6. What is the difference between a fleshy fruit and a dry fruit? Give some examples. A fleshy fruit contains a lot of water, for example, apples and pears. A dry fruit contains little water, for example, peanuts and sunflower seeds. 7. Match the three columns. Minerals are the materials rocks are made of: quartz. Rocks make up the solid part of the Earth: granite. 8. Explain how wind and rain help form soil. Wind and rain wear down rocks into smaller pieces. 9. Is the environment the same as an ecosystem? Explain. No. The environment is a component of an ecosystem. The environment is everything which affects the living things, such as temperature, water, the type of soil, etc. 10. Label the food chain and complete it with arrows. Then, answer the questions. producer → primary consumer → secondary consumer Producer: grass; Consumers: mouse, eagle. Term 1 Test
1. b, 2. b, 3. c, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs Term 2 Assessment
1. Which has more mass, the jug or the glass? Explain. The jug has more mass than the glass because it contains a larger amount of matter. 2. Write definitions. Mixtures: two or more substances mixed together; Changes of state: when substances are heated or cooled; Chemical changes: when one or more substances change into one or more different substances. 3. Give two examples of forces and how they act. When a tennis racket hits a ball, forces act because the racket and the ball come into contact; When a magnet pulls iron objects towards it, forces act by attracting the objects together. 4. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources? Give an example of each. Renewable energy sources are sources that never run out, for example, sunlight and wind; Non-renewable energy sources will run out one day because we will use them up and they cannot be replaced, for example, uranium and petroleum. 5. Explain how light behaves differently depending on the object. Light cannot pass through an opaque object. A shadow forms on the other side. When light hits an opaque object, it is reflected, and this allows us to see objects. When light passes from one transparent medium to another, it bends and changes direction. 6. How do we know that white light is made up of all the colours? Thanks to an experiment Sir Isaac Newton did with a triangular prism, discovering that white light is made up of the seven colours of the rainbow. 7. Look at the map and answer. O. A. 8. Describe the relief of your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. 9. Write examples of the fauna and flora of ypur Autonomous Community or City. O. A. Term 2 Test
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b, 6. b, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. c
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs Term 3 Assessment
1. What is the difference between natural and migratory growth? Natural growth is the difference between the number of babies who are born and the number of people who die; Migratory growth is the difference between the number of immigrants who come to live in a place and the emigrants who leave that place. 2. Describe the population of your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City. O. A. 3. Look at the picture and write: the type of job, the sector it belongs to, what people in this job do. Job: greengrocer; Sector: tertiary; People sell vegetables and fruits to customers. 4. What kind of industries are in your Autonomous Community or Autonomous City? O. A. 5. After what elections are these people chosen or named? President of Government: General elections; President of an Autonomous Community or City: Autonomous Community elections; Mayor: Municipal elections; Member of the European Parliament: European Parliament elections. 6. Read the sentences. Circle the false one. Then , explain why it is false. Spain is a democratic state where some people have the same rights and obligations. → Spain is a democratic state where all people have the same rights and obligations. 7. Complete the chart. Thousand years ago: people lived in: caves and huts; travelled: on foot, in carts and by sailing boat; made: paintings, simple tools and ceramic objects. 2,000 years ago: people lived in: domus, insulae and villas; travelled: on foot, on horseback and in horse-drawn carriages; made: buildings, wall paintings, and mosaics. 1,000 years ago: people lived in: castles and villages; travelled: on foot, on horseback and in horse-drawn carriages; made: Romanesque and Gothic churches. 8. What were these Roman constructions used for? Aqueduct: for transporting water to the cities; Temple: for worshipping the gods; Circus: for watching chariot races. 9. What was a caravel and what was it used for? The caravel was a fast ship that could travel long distances. It was resistant to storms and attacks from pirates. Christopher Columbus sailed on a caravel. 10. Two hundred years ago, what were workers´ neighbourhoods like? The streets were unpaved. They were dirty and unhygienic because there was no sewage system. Houses were small and badly-built. Term 3 Test
1. b, 2. b, 3. a, 4.O. A., 5. b, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. c, 10. b
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FINAL ASSESSMENT
Name 1
2
Date
Write the parts of the body. It continually pumps blood throughout our body.
Food mixes with gastric juices here.
They filter blood and remove waste substances.
Match. It helps the digestive system function correctly. We need them to grow. They are necessary to stay healthy. They give us energy.
3
carbohydrates and fats fibre proteins vitamins and minerals
What is photosynthesis and where does it take place?
4
Define these words. A rock: A mineral:
5
What are the two components of all ecosystems?
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6
What do you do to change the state of a substance? Give an example.
7
Write T (true) or F (false). The force of gravity can be a force of attraction or repulsion. The force of gravity makes objects fall to the ground on Earth. The force of friction makes objects stop moving. Forces act when two objects come into contact.
8
How is the territory of Spain organised?
9
Complete the chart about your Autonomous Community or City. Institutions of my Autonomous Community or City Parliament
Government
Members Functions 10 Match each invention to its period in history. A
Thousands of years ago
B
2,000 years ago
C
1,000 years ago
D
500 years ago E
200 years ago
F
Nowadays
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FINAL TEST
Name
Date
Circle the correct answer. 1. The respiratory system is made up of a. the lungs, trachea and heart.
7. The solid part of the Earth is made up of
b. the lungs, kidneys, and bronchi.
a. minerals.
c. the lungs, trachea and bronchi.
b. deposits.
2. Foods are broken down into nutrients in
c. rocks. 8. Humus is in
a. the digestive system.
a. topsoil.
b. the respiratory system.
b. subsoil.
c. the circulatory system.
c. bedrock.
3. Fats and carbohydrates give us a. calcium.
9. Ecosystems are made up of a. living things and a nature reserve.
b. energy.
b. living things and the environment they live in.
c. fibre. 4. Fruits and vegetables give us a. carbohydrates.
c. forests, grasslands and deserts. 10. A relationship of cooperation is when
b. fat. c. vitamins.
a. two living things work together and benefit from each other.
5. Leaves have a. a stem and root. b. a petiole and a blade. c. a flower and fruit.
b. two living things compete to get what they need. c. a living thing eats another living thing.
6. The transfer of pollen from the stamens to the stigma is called a. pollination. b. photosynthesis. c. flowering.
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Circle the correct answer. 11. When a substance changes into another substance, it is an example of a
16. When light hits an opaque object, some light bounces back. This is called
a. change of state.
a. colour.
b. mixture.
b. reflection.
c. chemical change.
c. refraction.
12. A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen is called
17. Municipalities in the same region are grouped into a. a province.
a. condensation.
b. an Autonomous Community.
b. oxidation.
c. a comarca.
c. combustion. 13. Normally, forces act
18. The Canary and Balearic Islands are a. Autonomous Cities.
a. when two objects come into contact.
b. Autonomous Communities within the Iberian Peninsula.
b. when there is no contact between objects.
c. Autonomous Islands.
c. by gravity. 14. The energy in uranium is a. chemical energy. b. mechanical energy. c. nuclear energy. 15. When light hits a transparent medium and changes direction, it is called a. refraction.
19. Many mountains together are called a. a plain. b. a mountain chain. c. a cliff. 20. All the characteristic plants of an area are its a. flora. b. fauna. c. botany.
b. reflection. c. white light.
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Circle the correct answer. 21. The list of people who live in a municipality is called a. the municipal register.
26. The most important institutions of an Autonomous Community include
b. the census.
a. the Parliament and the Courts of Justice.
c. natural growth.
b. the local councillors.
22. Customs that have existed for a long time are called a. festivals.
c. the President of the Government of Spain. 27. The first humans lived in a. caves.
b. typical foods.
b. domus.
c. traditions.
c. cities.
23. Craft work belongs to a. the primary sector. b. the secondary sector. c. the tertiary sector. 24. In my Autonomous Community or City, a very important economic activity is a. stockbreeding. b. construction.
28. The constructions that Romans built to transport water to cities were called a. aquifers. b. baths. c. aqueducts. 29. People who worked in factories 200 years ago were called a. artisans.
c. tourism.
b. workers.
25. The most important laws of an Autonomous Community are
c. merchants. 30. The discovery of aspirin is from
a. the budget.
a. nowadays.
b. the election manifesto.
b. about 200 years ago.
c. the Statues of Autonomy.
c. 500 years ago.
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Answer key
Final ASSESSMENT
1. Write the parts of the body. Heart; Stomach; Kidneys. 2. Match. It helps the digestive system function correctly: fibre; We need them to grow: proteins; They are necessary to stay healthy: vitamins and minerals; They give us energy: carbohydrates and fats. 3. What is photosynthesis and where does it take place? Photosynthesis is the process where plants make their own food in their leaves. 4. Define these words. A rock forms the solid part of the Earth. Rocks are found everywhere in nature; A mineral is a natural, solid substance. All minerals are made up of only one substance and can be found as parts of rocks, or in their pure state. 5. What are the two components of all ecosystems? The living things and the environment. 6. What do you do to change the state of a substance? Give an example. You heat it or cool it, for example, water can change into ice by cooling it or into gas by heating it. 7. Write T (true) or F (false). F; T; T; T. 8. How is the territory of Spain organised? Spain is organised into 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities. 9. Complete the chart about your Autonomous Community or City. O. A. 10. Match each invention to its period in history. A: Thousands years ago; B: 200 years ago; C: 500 years ago; D: 2,000 years ago; E: Nowadays; F: 1,000 years ago. Final Test
1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. b, 10. a, 11. c, 12. b, 13. a, 14. c, 15. a, 16. b, 17. c, 18. c, 19. b, 20. a, 21. a, 22. c, 23. b, 24.O. A., 25. c, 26. a, 27. a, 28. c, 29. b, 30. b
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Top Science 4 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero. English adaptation: Cristina Quincy and Sheila Klaiber Managing editor: Sheila Tourle Editorial team: Julie Davies, Jane Holt and Vassilia Katte Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design Team: Interiors design: Jorge Gómez Tobar Cover design: Pep Carrió Cover illustration: Javier Vázquez Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés Technical director: Ángel García Encinar Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena Layout: Hilario Simón and David de Pedro-Juan Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera Illustrations: Jorge Salas, Ala de mosca, Carlos Gallego, José Zazo and José Santos. Photo research: Amparo Rodríguez Photographs: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA/Laboratorio Biblioteca Nacional; DIRECTION DES ARCHIVES DÉPARTAMENTALES DES ARDENNES; J. E. Casariego; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org). However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked ‘photocopiable’, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only. Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
© 2011 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L.
Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford OX1 ST United Kingdom
PRINTED IN SPAIN
ISBN: 978-84-294-9229-3 CP: 189714 D.L.:
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