Tools in Networking

TOOLS IN NETWORKING 1. UTP CABLE

2. RJ-45

3. CRIMPING TOOL

4. LAN TESTER 

5. LAN CARD

6. HUB, SWITCH HUB

7. ROUTER 

TYPES OF UTP CABLE PINOUT AND COLOR CODING

Straight Cable

You usually use straight cable cab le to connect different type of devices. This type of cable will  be used most of the time and can be used to: 1) Connect a computer to a switch/hub's normal port. 2) Connect a computer to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port. 3) Connect a router's WAN WAN port to a cable/DSL modem's LAN port. 4) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's uplink port. (normally used for  expanding network) 5) Connect 2 switches/hubs with one of the switch/hub using an uplink port and the other  one using normal port.

Crossover Cable

Sometimes you will use crossover cable, it's usually used to connect same type of  devices. A crossover crossover cable can be used to: 1) Connect 2 computers directly. directly. 2) Connect a router's LAN port to a switch/hub's normal port. (normally used for  expanding network) 3) Connect 2 switches/hubs by using normal port in both switches/hubs.

HOW TO CREATE ETHERNET CABLE

WATCH THIS: THI S: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWGwaXMUEKs THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUBS, SWITCHES AND ROUTERS HUB

In a hub, a frame is passed along or "broadcast" to every one of its ports. It doesn't matter  that the frame is only destined for one port. The hub has no way wa y of distinguishing which  port a frame should be sent to. Passing it along to every port ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This places a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor  network response times. Additionally, Additionally, a 10/100Mbps hub must share its bandwidth with each and every one of its  ports. So when only one PC is broadcasting, broadc asting, it will have access to the maximum available  bandwidth. If, however, multiple PCs are broadcasting, then that bandwidth will need to  be divided among all a ll of those systems, which will degrade performance. SWITCH HUB

A switch, however, however, keeps a record of the MAC addresses of all the devices connected to it. With this information, a switch can identify which system is sitting on which port. So when a frame is received, it knows exactly which port to send it to, without significantly increasing network response times. And, unlike a hub, a 10/100Mbps switch will allocate

a full 10/100Mbps to each of its ports. So regardless of the number of PCs transmitting, users will always have access to the maximum a mount of bandwidth. It's for these reasons why a switch is considered to be a much better choice then a hub. ROUTER 

Routers are completely different devices. Where a hub or switch is concerned with transmitting frames, a router's job, as its name implies, is to route packets to other  networks until that packet ultimately reaches its destination. One of the key features of a  packet is that it not only onl y contains data, but the destination address of where it's going. A router is typically connected to at a t least two networks, commonly common ly two Local Area  Networks (LANs) or Wide Area Area Networks (WAN) (WAN) or a LAN and its ISP's network . for  example, your PC or workgroup and EarthLink. Routers are located at gateways, ga teways, the  places where two or more networks connect. Using headers and forwarding tables, routers determine the best path for forwarding the packets. Router use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts. Routers are also the only one of these devices that will allow you to share a single IP address among multiple network clients.

So, in short, a hub glues together an Ethernet network segment, a switch can connect  multiple Ethernet segments more efficiently and a router can do those functions plus route TCP/IP packets between multiple LANs and/or WANs; and much more of course. SIMPLE DIAGRAM IN NETWORKING WITH INTERNET

IP(internet protocol) - Internet protocol is the set of techniques used by many hosts for  transmitting data over the Internet. The current version of the Internet protocol is IPv4, which provides a 32-bit address system.

Internet protocol is a "best effort" system, meaning that no packe t of information sent over it is assured to reach its destination in the same condition it was sent. Often other   protocols are used in tandem with the Internet protocol for data that for one reason or  another must have extremely high fidelity. fidelity. Every device connected to a network, be it a local area network (LAN) or the Internet, is given an Internet protocol number. This address is used to identify the device uniquely among all other devices connected to the extended network. Types of IP or Internet Protocol DHCP( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an a n IP address to an individual computer's TCP/IP stack  stack  software. DHCP assigns a number dynamically from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network. ne twork. Automatic IP/MAC Address. Static IP - is simply a “permanent” address that remains associated with a single computer over an extended period of time. This differs from a dynamic IP address, which is assigned ad hoc at the start of each session, normally changing from one session to the next.

IP address assignment is handled by b y a person’s Internet Service Provider (ISP). Every ISP is designated a large block of IP addresses that fall within a specific numerical range. The ISP server automatically delegates available IP addresses within that range as needed, to clients logging on to the Internet. When a person disables his or her Internet connection, the temporarily assigned dynamic IP address goes back into the pool for reassignment. Dynamically assigned IP addresses are fine for most people, however, some prefer a static IP address. In some situations having a static IP address is an advantage. For exa mple, people who game online with remote players often prefer a static IP address. When they return to a game, the hosting server recognizes them, restoring score, placement in the game, and other settings accordingly. A static IP is more reliable than a computer co mputer cookie that can be deleted. Class A - 10.0.0.0 Class B - 172. 16.0.0 Class C - 192.168.0.0 Class A IP - 1 to 126 - used for large network  Class B IP - 128 to 191 - medium sized network..ex: n etwork..ex: college campus Class C IP - 192 to 223 - commonly used for s mall to mid-sized network.. ex: business

Subnet Mask 

Class A - 255.0.0.0 Class B - 255.255.0.0 Class C - 255.255.255.0 Sa mga baguhan palang ang gingamit na subnet mask ay 255.255.255.0 under sya sa class C. Karamihan sa mga computer shop yan ang gnagamit na subnet mask, kelangan magkakapareho subnet mask at magkakaiba nman ng IP address. Sa Default Gateway nman, papalitan mo lang ng 1 yung huling hu ling character sa IP address mo. Halimbawa ang IP address mo ay 192.186.0.2, ang magiging default gateway mo ay 192.186.0.1.

WIRELESS NETWORKING

--The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols, p rotocols, but without network cabling. Strictly speaking, any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. The current  buzzword however generally refers to wireless LANs. This technolog y, fuelled by the emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802.11, has produced a number of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and schools as well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as in warehousing or point-of-sale handheld equipment. TWO KINDS OF WIRELESS NETWORKS

1. An ad-hoc, or peer-to-peer wireless network consists of a number of computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share files and printers this way, way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. (This is called "bridging") AD-HOC figure

2. A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this type of network  the access point acts like a hub, providing connectivity for the wireless computers. It can connect (or "bridge") the wireless LAN to a wired LAN, allowing wireless computer  access to LAN resources, such as file servers or existing Internet Connectivity Conne ctivity..

TWO TYPES OF ACCESS POINTS

1. Dedicated hardware access points (HAP) such as Lucent's WaveLAN, WaveLAN, Apple's Airport Airport Base Station or o r WebGear's WebGear's AviatorPRO. AviatorPRO. Hardware access points offer comprehensive support of most wireless features, but check your requirements carefully. carefully.

2. Software Access Points which run on a computer equipped with a wireless network  interface card as used in an ad-hoc or peer-to-peer wireless network. The Vicomsoft InterGate suites are software routers that can be used as a basic Software Access Point, and include features not commonly found in hardware solutions, such as Direct PPPoE support and extensive configuration flexibility, but may not offer the full range of  wireless features defined in the 802.11 standard.

Quote:

Originally Posted by kugelfang wow maa'm salamat po!. malaking tulong po ito para sa mga baguhan na tulad ko! mam hingi na rin po sana ako ng diagram kung papano i network 2 ISP in one network. ( i mean 2 isp i coconect ko sa server ko para may timer sya (mga client pc) gagamitin ko kasi sa shop ko.. halimbawa globe isp saka smartbro connected sya sa mga client pc tapos connected din sya sa server ko pero isa lang timer na gagamitin ko.. tia..

Eto po try nyo, Kelangan po Load Balancing Router gamit nyo..