Tonelada Milla

 

MPHKXYMGDHOSL CH NM DOSHKYDCMC CHN @MINH CH UHYFLYM@DÐO GHCDMOSH HN CDPHÝL CH XOM AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDSMN UMYM HN @ÍN@XNL CH NM VMYDMINH SLOHNMCM-GDNNM HO LUHYM@DLOHP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO T [LYBLVHY CH NM @LGUMÝÇM HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP.

JXMO @MGDNL @MGM@AL GÍYSDOHZ @AYDPSDMO CMODHN GLYMNHP ILALY]XHZ

FXOCM@DÐO XODVHYPDCMC CH MGÄYD@M FM@XNSMC CH DOKHODHYÇMP UYLKYMGM CH DOKHODHYÇM CH UHSYÐNHLP ILKLSÍ, C.@ 9595

 

 

MPHKXYMGDHOSL CH NM DOSHKYDCMC CHN @MINH CH UHYFLYM@DÐO GHCDMOSH HN CDPHÝL CH XOM AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDSMN UMYM HN @ÍN@XNL CH NM VMYDMINH SLOHNMCM-GDNNM HO LUHYM@DLOHP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO T [LYBLVHY CH NM @LGUMÝÇM HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP.

JXMO @MGDNL @MGM@AL GÍYSDOHZ @AYDPSDMO CMODHN GLYMNHP ILALY]XHZ

Urlyh`tl dothkrmn ch krmcl pmrm lptmr hn tçtunl ch: DOKHODHYL CH UHSYÐNHLP

Cdrh`tlr: MYGMOCL SLYYHP VMNHOZXHNM Gmkdsthr Do Iusdohss Mcgdodstrmtdlo, Mcgdodstrmtdlo, Hsph`dmnsdtm ho Khrho`dm ch Urlyh`tls, Dokhodhrl ch Uhtrðnhls.

FXOCM@DÐO XODVHYPDCMC CH MGÄYD@M FM@XNSMC CH DOKHODHYÇMP UYLKYMGM CH DOKHODHYÇM CH UHSYÐNHLP ILKLSÍ, C.@ 9595

 

 

OLSMP CH M@UHSM@DÐO M @UHSM@DÐO

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Dok. Jlrkh Mocräs Slvmr Glrhol  

 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\ Dok. Mcrdmom Mcr dmom Gdnhom Ah Ahoml oml Ihjmrmol  

0

 

CDYH@SDVMP CDYH@ SDVMP CH N M XODVHYPDCMC XODVHYPDCMC

Urhsdchoth ch nm Xodvhrsdcmc y Yh`tlr chn `nmustrl Cr. GMYDL ULPMCM KMY@ÇM-UHÝM

@loshjhrl Dostdtu`dlomn Cr. NXDP JMDGH ULPMCM KMY@ÇM-UHÝM

Vd`hrrh`tlrm M`mcägd`m y ch Dovhstdkm`dlo Dovhstdkm`dlohs hs Crm. GMYÇM @NMXCDM MULOSH KLOZÍNHZ

Vd`hrrh`tlr Mcgdodstrmtdvl y Fdomo`dhrl Cr. YD@MYCL MNFLOPL UHÝMYMOCM @MPSYL

Ph`rhtmrdm Khohrmn Crm. MNHQMOC MN HQMOCYM YM GHJÇM KXMGÍO

Ch`mol ch nm Fm`untmc ch Dokhodhrçms Dok.. JXN Dok JXNDL DL @ÄPMY FXHOSH FXHOSHP P MYDPGHOCD

Cdrh`tlr chn Urlkrmgm ch Dokhodhrçm ch Uhtrðnhls Dok. JXMO @MYNLP YLCYÇKXHZ HPUMYZM

3

 

Nms Cdrh`tdvms ch nm Xodvhrsdcmc ch Mgärd`m, nls jurmcls `mndfd`mclrhs y hn `uhrpl cl`hoth ol slo rhsplosminhs plr nls `rdthrdls l dchms hxpuhstms ho hn prhshoth cl`ughotl. Hstls `lrrhsplocho úod`mghoth m nls mutlrhs

8

 

CHCD@MSLYDM

Chcd`l hsth nlkrl prdo`dpmnghoth m Cdls qudho gh am cmcl nm `urdlsdcmc y nm fuhrzm pmrm hstucdmr dokhodhrçm y `ugpndr tlcms nms ghtms ch uom gmohrm smtdsfm`tlrdm y `lo hx`hnho`dm.  M gds pmcrhs pmcrhs Lrnmocl Lrnmocl Glrmnhs Glrmnhs y Cdmom Cdmom Ilaðrquhz Ilaðrquhz qudhohs qudhohs gh amo amo mplymcl mplymcl ho tlcl hsth prl`hsl y ouo`m gh amo chjmcl chsfmnnh`hr.  M gds ahrgmols ahrgmols Jumo Jumo Phimstdmo Phimstdmo Glrmnhs Glrmnhs y Mocräs Mocräs Ilalrquhz Ilalrquhz qudhohs qudhohs gh amo m`lgpmýmcl y vhl ho hnnls uo pltho`dmn guy krmoch.  M gd fmgdndm fmgdndm qudhohs hstuvdhrlo hstuvdhrlo phocdhoths phocdhoths ho tlcl hn prl`hsl prl`hsl mplymocl mplymocl `lo sus mplrths y lrm`dlohs.  M gd olvdm y mgdkm Mom Gmrçm @lrrhmn qudho gh am m`lgpmýmcl m`lgpmýmcl ho ho tlcl hsth hsth prl`hsl mplyíoclgh y `lgpmrtdhocl nm `urdlsdcmc plr nm `dho`dm.  Mn `lmutlr `lmutlr ch hsth prlyh`tl prlyh`tl y ghjlr mgdkl Jumo Jumo @mgdnl @mgm`al `lo qudho fuh uo alolr trmimjmr y omcm ch hstl shrçm plsdinh sdo su mplyl.  M gds mgdkls mgdkls y prðxdgls prðxdgls `lnhkms `lnhkms qudhohs qudhohs sdhgprh sdhgprh ols mplymgls mplymgls pmrm pmrm shr uols uols iuhols hstucdmoths y malrm uols hx`hnhoths prlfhsdlomnhs.  M gds Mgdkls Mgdkls ch Od`lnms Od`lnms Uundcl, Uundcl, @mrnls Lrtdz, Lrtdz, Hrd`b Hrd`b Nhðo y Irdmo @ruz @ruz qudhohs qudhohs gh amo mplymcl m nl nmrkl ch gd vdcm hoshýíoclgh hn vhrcmchrl vmnlr ch nm mgdstmc. T muoquh hn `uhstdlomr gh amkm rhsimnmr m nm prucho`dm Ph quh nm cucm hs uol ch nls olgirhs ch nm dothndkho`dm Gd shginmoth ch hstucdmoth hs ho hsho`dm shr fhndz Pdhocl hn hthrol plstunmoth, hn hthrol mprhocdz. @umrthtl ch ols  ‐ Hn mprhocdz

@ardstdmo Cmodhn Glrmnhs Ilaðrquhz

6

 

CHCD@MSLYDM  

]udhrl chcd`mr hsth nlkrl m nms cls gujhrhs quh m nl nmrkl ch tlcl hsth mrcul trmimjl gh amo mplymcl do`locd`dlomnghoth, m gd gmgí Jalmoom @mrlnm Gmrtçohz y m gd Hggm Pusmom Uundcl, m gd miuhnl Gmrtçohz sdhgprh `rhhr ho Miuhnm gds `mpm`dcmchs y cmrgh mplyl glrmn m nlMnhjmocrl nmrkl ch tlcls gds plr hstucdls, M gds mgdkls y `lgpmýhrls `lo qudhohs `lgpmrtç y mprhocç m nl nmrkl ch hstls mýls pmsmocl nls ghjlrhs glghotls.   M Cdls plr plr cmrgh smidcurçm smidcurçm,, pm`dho`dm, pm`dho`dm, phrsdstho`dm phrsdstho`dm y flrtmnhzm flrtmnhzm pmrm nlkrmr `ugpndr `ugpndr gds ghtms y suhýls.  M gd ghjlr mgdkl y `lgpmýhrl `lgpmýhrl @ardstdmo @ardstdmo Cmodhn Glrmnhs qudho qudho am `rhçcl ho gç y gh phrgdtdð `lghozmr gd vdcm prlfhsdlomn krm`dms m hsth prlyh`tl, gh m`lgpmýl y `lgpmrtdð `logdkl m nl nmrkl ch tlcls gds hstucdls y nm vdcm.

Nm `dho`dm puhch cdvhrtdrols y fms`domrols, phrl hs nm dokhodhrçm nm quh `mgidm hn guocl. Dsmm` Msdglv.

Jumo @mgdnl @mgm`al @mgm`al Gmrtçohz Gmrtçohz

;

 

 MKYMCH@DGDHOSLP  MKYM CH@DGDHOSLP

M Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs qudhohs ols irdocmrlo su `lofdmozm mn cmrols nm lplrtuodcmc y rh`ursls pmrm chsmrrlnnmr hsth prlyh`tl. M nm Fuocm`dðo Xodvhrsdcmc ch Mgärd`m plr shr ouhstrm mngm gmthr y qudho ols flrgð `lgl uols prlfhsdlomnhs çothkrls m nl nmrkl ch hstls 8 mýls. Mn cdrh`tlr chn prlyh`tl Dokhodhrl Mrgmocl Slrrhs Vmnhozuhnm qudho m trmväs ch nms gís mntms hxdkho`dms ho `mndcmc y hx`hnho`dm ols phrgdtdð mcqudrdr tlcms nms `mpm`dcmchs y `lol`dgdhotls oh`hsmrdls pmrm plchr `ugpndr `lo nls lijhtdvls chn prlyh`tl. Mn `lcdrh`tlr chn prlyh`tl Dokhodhrl Jmdgh Cdmz plr su `lostmo`dm y mplyl `lotdoul hn `umn fuh vdtmn pmrm hn chsmrrlnnl chn prlyh`tl. M nm lrdhotmclrm chn prlyh`tl Dokhodhrm Tmtodhnma Udrhnm qudho `lo sus m`hrtmcms rh`lghocm`dlohs rh`lghocm`dl ohs y `loshjls sh phrfh``dloð nm dovhstdkm`dðo dovhstdkm`dðo.. M tlcm hn írhm ch Doflrgm`dðo y Sh`olnlkçm ch nm `lgpmýçm, hsph`dmnghoth mn dokhodhrl Khrgmo @mrvmjmn plr m`lkhrols ho nm lfd`dom y irdocmrols mplyl tä`od`l ho nm prlkrmgm`dðo ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn. M nls dokhodhrls Phimstdmo Glrm, Gmouhn Gmrtçohz, Nu`ms @lrlohn, @hsmr Yljms y Cmodnl @mol qudhohs ols mplymrlo `lo su hxphrdho`dm h doflrgm`dðo tä`od`m pmrm hn chsmrrlnnl chn prlyh`tl. M Hg`l`minhs qudhohs ols rh`didhrlo ho su pnmotm ch prlcu``dðo y ghcdmoth nls dokhodhrls Jmghs Alghz y Smtdmom Ínvmrhz ols mplrtmrlo sus `lol`dgdhotls tä`od`ls m `hr`m chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo.

1

 

@LOSHODCL

pík. DOSYLCX@@DÐO

90 

=.  GMY@L SHÐYD@L

96 

=.=  =.9  =.0  =.0.=  =.0.9  =.0.9.=  =.0.9.9  =.0.9.0  =.0.9.3  =.0.0  =.3  =.8 

96  96  9;  91  94  94  0=  09  09  00  00  08  08 

H]XDULP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO T [LYBLVHY PDPSHGM CH DZMJH @MINHP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO Cdíghtrl. @nmsdfd`m`dðo y `lostru``dloh `lostru``dlohs. s. @lostru``dðo ch tlrlohs. Urhflrgmcl chn `minh. Krmcls. Mngms. Vmrdminh Slohnmcm-Gdnn Slohnmcm-Gdnnm. m. HOPMTL CH SYM@@DÐO PDGUNH CHP@YDU@DLO CHN NHOKXMJH CH UYLKYMGM@DÐO.

9.  GHSLCL GHSLCLNLKÇM NLKÇM T CMSLP

06 

9.=  9.=.=  9.=.9 

DOFLYGM@DÐO SÄ@OD@M CH NLP H]XDULP H-;5;. H-=;93.

06  06  0; 

9.=.0  9.=.3  9.9  9.9.=  9.9.9  9.0  9.0.=  9.0.9  9.0.0 

H-;99. H-=998 HPUH@DFD@M@DLOHP ]XH MFH@SMO NM DOSHKYDCMC CHN @MIN @MINH H Ulnhms. Smgilr chn gmnm`mth y mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm. AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDSMN HPSYHNNM SLO GDNH Cdshýl ch nm ahrrmgdh ahrrmgdhotm otm cdkdtmn. Fuo`dlomgdhotl Fuo`dlomgdho tl ch nm ahrrmgdho ahrrmgdhotm tm cdkdtmn. @ín`unl ch nm Slohnmcm-gdnnm.

04  3=  30  33  33  38  38  31  31 

9.0.0.=  Vdmjh `lgpnhtl.

34  4

 

9.0.0.9  9.0.0.0  9.0.0.3  9.0.0.8 

Lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dð phrflrm`dðo. o. Lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl. Imjmcm ch `msdok. Imjmcm ch ndohr.

85  85  85  8= 

9.0.0.6  9.0.0.;  9.0.0.1  9.0.3  9.0.8  9.0.6  9.3  9.3.=  9.3.9 

Vdmjh `lrtl y lphrm`dlo lphrm`dlohs hs ch phs`m. Lphrm`dlohs ch gmrtdnnhl. Shosdlomocl ho phkm ch tuihrçm. Urlkrmgm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth. @motdcmc ch `minh ch hoahirmcl. Dgpnhghotm`dðo Dgpnhghotm`d ðo ch nm ahrrmgdhot ahrrmgdhotm m cdkdtmn. DOPUH@@DÐO CHN @MINH Dosph``dðo vdsumn. Dosph``dðo cdghosdlo cdghosdlomn. mn.

8=  8=  8=  89  80  83  83  83  83 

9.3.0  9.8 

Hosmyl ch trm``dðo. KXÇM GHSLCLNLKD@M CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP

83  88 88  

0.  YHPXNSMCLP T MOÍNDPDP MOÍ NDPDP

0.=  0.=.=  0.=.9  0.9  0.0  0.0.=  0.0.9  0.3  0.3.=  0.3.9  0.3.0  0.3.3  0.3.8  0.3.6 

86 

DOPUH@@DÐO CHN PDPSHGM CH DZMJH 86  Ulnhms. 86  Smgilr chn gmnm`mth y mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm. 8;  HGXNM@DÐO @LO NM AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDSMN 81  VMNDCM@DÐO CHN UYLTH@SL 65  Dosph``dðo Vdsumn y cdghosdlomn. 69  Hosmyl ch trm``dðo. 63  GMOXMN CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP CHN @MINH CH UHYFLYM@DÐO 68  Yhknmghotm`dðo Yhknmghotm` dðo khohrmn 68  @lgprm. 68  Mngm`homgdhotl. 68  Xsl. 68  Dosph``dðo. 68  Gmothodgdhotl. 68 

=5

 

3.  @LO@NXPDLOHP

6;   6;

8.  YH@LGHOCM@DLOHP

64  64 

IDINDLKYMFDM  MOHQLP

;5  ;= 

==

 

NDPSM CH FDK FDKXYMP XYMP

pík. Fdkurm =. Pdsthgm ch plnhms hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr. Fdkurm 9. Umrths chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo.

9;  91 

Fdkurm Gätlcl `lrrh`tl ch ghcd`dðo chn cdíghtrl. 94 Fdkurm 0. 3.  Hjhgpnls ch `lostru``dðo ch tlrlohs. 05   Fdkurm 8. Hjhgpnls ch prhflrgmc prhflrgmcll ch `minhs. 0=  Fdkurm 6. Loh rlph nmy 09  Fdkurm ;. Cdmkrmgm ch fnujl ch nm ghtlclnlkçm. 06  Fdkurm 1. Ulnhm chfh`tulsm plr pmsl ch nuz. 33  Fdkurm 4. Chskmsth gíxdgl ho `momnhs pmrm tmgilrhs y mo`nms. 38  Fdkurm =5. Umotmnnm dod`dmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh. 36  Fdkurm ==. Phnh``dðo ch tdpl ch hqudpl ho lphrm`dðo ho Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh. 3;  Fdkurm =9 =9.. Umotmnnm pmrm hn `ín`unl ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm ho nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Hstrhnn m Slogdnh. 3;  Fdkurm =0. Cdmkrmgm ch fnujl fuo`dlomgdh fuo`dlomgdhotl otl ch Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh 31 

=9

 

NDPSM CH KYÍFD@MP

pík. Krífd`m =. Yhsuntmcl hosmyl ch trm``dðo. Krífd`m 9. @mrm`thrçstd`ms @mrm`thrçs td`ms ch uo `minh ho uo hosmyl ch trm``dðo.

03  08 

Krífd`mH-;99. 0.  M`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 9 rhmndzmcl plr 6= hn   hqudpl Krífd`m 3. M`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 0 rhmndzmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. 69 

=0

 

NDPSM CH H@XM@DLOH H@XM@DLOHP P

pík. H`um`dðo =. Nlokdtuc ch nm guhstrm curmoth hn hosmyl ch trm``dðo. H`um`dðo 9. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lgpnhtl.

03  34 

H`um`dðo ch fnltm`dðo. H`um`dðo 0. 3.  Fm`tlr Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo `lo tlp crdvh. H`um`dðo 8. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl. H`um`dðo 6. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch imjmcm ch `msdok. H`um`dðo ;. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch imjmcm ch ndohr. H`um`dðo 1. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lrtl. H`um`dðo 4. @motdcmc ch `minh gçodgm pmrm hoahirmcl.

34 85   85  85  8=  8=  83 

=3

 

NDPSM CH SMINMP

pík. Sminm =. Cdíghtrl chn `minh vs. Slnhrmo`dms Sminm 9. @nmsdfd` @nmsdfd`m`dðo m`dðo plr oúghrl ch tlrlohs y mnmgirhs.

91  94 

Sminm 0. l@mrm`thrçstd`ms hqudpl H-;5; pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl 0; ch  hoahirmcl hoahirmc y hn lijhtdvl chchn `lrth. Sminm 3.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-=;93 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcll y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth. hoahirmc 0;  Sminm 8.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. 01  Sminm 6. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls rhvhstdgdhotls usmcls ho hn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. 01  Sminm ;.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. 04  Sminm 1.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-;99 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcll y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth. hoahirmc 35  Sminm 4. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's prlghcdl usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 9 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-;99. 35  Sminm =5.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 9 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-;99. 3=  Sminm ==.  Cdíghtrl y thosdðo ch rupturm chn `minh chn H-;99 pmrm pruhims ho `locd`dðo ch ouhvl. 3=  Sminm =9.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-=998 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcll y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth. hoahirmc 39  Sminm =0. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's prlghcdl usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 0 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. 39  Sminm =3.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 0 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. 30  Sminm =8.  Cdíghtrl y thosdðo ch rupturm chn `minh chn H-=998 pmrm pruhims ho `locd`dðo ch ouhvl. 30  Sminm =6. Fuo`dlohs pmrm hn `ín`unl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs hsph`dmnhs.   89  Sminm =;. Lijhtdvl ch `lrth 80  Sminm =1. Cdíghtrl ch nms kmrkmotms ch nms plnhms shkúo dosph``dðo. 8;  Sminm =4.  Yhsuntmcls hgunmcls chn hqudpl H-=;93 pmrm hn plzl FXM = `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nm ahrrmgdhotm „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗.  84  Sminm 95. Cdíghtrl ch nls `minhs slghtdcls m pruhims. 60  Sminm 9=. Yhsuntmcls hosmyls ch trm``dðo. 63  Sminm 99. @lothodcl gmoumn ch iuhoms prí`td`ms chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo. 66 

=8

 

NDPSM CH MOHQLP

pík.  MOHQL M. M .   MOHQL I. I . 

;9  ;0 

 MOHQL  MOHQL @. C.     MOHQL H.    MOHQL F.    MOHQL K.    MOHQL A.    MOHQL D.  

  ;3 ;8  10  4=  49  48  4; 

=6

 

NDPSM CH MIYHVDMSXY MIYHVDMSXYMP MP

µ

Krmcls

MUD

Mghrd`mo Uhtrlnhug Dostdtuth

I

Nlokdtuc chn `minh chsch hn gmnm`mth amstm nm `lrlom.

@

Uhsl fnltmoth ch IAM (`lnnmr ch phrflrm`dðo + tuihrçm ch phrflrm`dðo ch phsl phsmcl + IAM) ho nlcl ghols hn phsl fnltmoth ch nm gdsgm nlokdtuc ch nm tuihrçm ch phrflrm`dðo ho (ni)

@A

@motdcmc ch `minh ch hoahirmcl. (ft).

@GG @minh gçodgl ho hn tmgil tmgilrr chn gmnm gmnm`mth. `mth. (ft) (ft).. c

Cdstmo`dm hotrh hn gmnm`mth mn `hotrl chn plzl

C

Urlfuocdcm Urlfuocdcmcc chn plzl. (ft)

CHI Cdstmo`d Cdstmo`dm m chn hosmginmjh chn inlquh vdmjhrl. (ft). CNG Cdstmo`d Cdstmo`dm m ch nm nçohm guhrtm. (ft). CNY Cdstmo`d Cdstmo`dm m ch nm nçohm rípdcm. (ft). FF

Fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo. (Ch`dgmn).

a

Mnturm ch nm tlrrh. (ft).

AU

Alrsh Ulwhr (@mimnnls ch fuhrzm).

DMC@ Dothromtdl Dothromtdlomn omn Mssl`dmtdl Mssl`dmtdloo Crdnndok @l @lotrm`tlrs otrm`tlrs B

@lhfd`dhoth ch frd``dðo ch plnhms kdrmtlrdms7 =.53

Nr  

@motdcmc ch nçohms hotrh nm `lrlom y hn inlquh vdmjhrl. (ft).

N

Uhsl ho nm nçohm rípdcm (ni)

N=

Urlfuocdcmc fdomn ch phrflrm`dðo (ft)

N9

Urlfuocdcmc ch dod`dl ch phrflrm`dðo (ft)

N`s

Nlokdtuc ch uom juotm ch `msdok. (ft)

Nn

Nlokdtuc ch uom juotm ch ndohr. (ft)

Ns

Nlokdtuc ch uom pmrmcm ch crdnn- pdph. (ft)

NP

Nlokdtuc ch uom pmrmcm. (ft). =;

 

G

Uhsl tltmn chn hosmginmjh chn inlquh vdmjhrl amstm hn hnhvmclr. (ni)

gw: Uhsl chn nlcl (ppk). o

oúghrl ch nçohms

O

Oúghrl ch pmrmcms ch crdnn pdph.

Yk

Cdíghtrl kmrkmotm ch nm plnhm

s

Oúghrl ch plnhms kdrmtlrd kdrmtlrdms. ms.

S0

Slohnmcm gdnnm ch uo vdmjh `lgpnhtl m nm prlfuocdcmc cloch dod`dm hn m`lrmzlomgdhotl. (Slo-gdnh).

S3

Slohnmcm gdnnm ch uo vdmjh `lgpnhtl m nm prlfuocdcmc cloch fdomndzm hn m`lrmzlomgdhotl. (Slo-gdnh).

S8

Slohnmcm gdnnm ch uo vdmjh `lgpnhtl m nm prlfuocdcmc gholr. (Slo-gdnh).

S6

Slohnmcm gdnnm ch uo vdmjh `lgpnhtl m nm prlfuocdcmc gmylr. (Slo-gdnh).

S` Sc

Slohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl. (Slo-gdnh). Slohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo. (Slo-gdnh).

Sr

Slohnmcm gdnnm pmrm vdmjhs rhclocls. (Slo-gdnh)

Ss

Slohnmcm gdnnm pmrm imjmcm ch `msdok. (Slo-gdnh)

Sst

Slohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lrtl. (Slo-gdnh).

[

Uhsl tltmn nhvmotmcl. (Ni)

[`n

Uhsl hfh`tdvl ch ndohr (phsl tltmn ndohr*fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo). (ni/ft).

[`g Uhsl hfh`tdvl ch `msdok (phsl tltmn `msdok*fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo). (ni/ft). [CP Uhsl ilymcl ch nnmm smrtm ch phrf phrflrm`dðo lrm`dðo (IAM y crdnn pdph pdph). ). (ni). [g

Uhsl hfh`tdvl ch crdnn pdph (phsl tltmn CU*fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo). (ni/ft).

=1

 

KNLPMYDL  MO@N M CH NM NÇOHM GXHYSM  MO@NM GXHYSM::   hnhghotl chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh quh mshkurm hn `minh m uo puotl hsph`dfd`l, dgpdcdhocl su ndirh chspnmzmgdhotl. IAM:  ilttlg alnh msshginy l hosmginmjh hosmgi nmjh ch flocl hs hn hxtrhgl dofhrdlr ch nm smrtm

ch hstí `lgpuhstl `lgpuhs tl plr nls hnhghotls quh sh ho`uhotrmo chsch nm irl`m m nmphrflrm`dðo, tuihrçm ch phrflrm`dðo. ALLB ALL BN NLMC: LMC:  phsl tltmn nhvmotmcl plr tlcl hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. NÇGDSH CH FNXHO@DM ΠT:  hn nçgdth hnístd`l tmgidäo puhch shr cmcl plr hn nçgdth ch fnuho`dm hn `umn hs nm thosdðo ho nm `umn mughotmo nls mnmrkmgdhotls sdo mughotmr `losdchrminhghoth nm fuhrzm=  NÇGDSH CH UYLULY@DLOMNDCMC ΠU:  hsth nçgdth sh ho`uhotrm `umocl chjm ch

hxdstdr uom rhnm`dðo ndohmn hotrh nm thosdðo hjhr`dcm y nm chflrgm`dðo 9. NÇGDSH HNÍPSD@L @LOVHO@DLOMN Π5,9: ho mnkuoms l`msdlohs ol hs plsdinh

chthrgdomr hn nçgdth hnístd`l `lo nm `urvm, chidcl m nl mothrdlr, sh usm hn nçgdth hnístd`l `lovho`dlomn hn `umn hs nm thosdðo quh khohrm uo mnmrkmgdhotl m nm guhstrm ch 5,9 % ch nm nlokdtuc lrdkdomn0  NÇGDSH HNÍPSD@L ΠH:  hs nm thosdðo ho nm `umn ol sh puhch rh`uphrmr nm nlokdtuc

dod`dmn ch nm guhstrm, hs ch`dr sd sh s h chjm ch mpnd`mr thosdðo nm guhstrm thocrí uom 3 nlokdtuc cdfhrhoth m nm dod`dmn . YHPDPSHO@DM M NM SYM@@DÐO Π X:  hs nm thosdðo m nm `umn nm guhstrm sh rlgph,

sh nl `lol`h tmgidäo `lgl thosdðo ch rlturm l thosdðo úntdgm chn gmthrdmn. 8  PMYSM CH UHYFLYM@DÐO:  `lojuotl ch tuihrçms usmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo ch uo plzl phtrlnhrl. PDPSHGM CH DZMJH:   sdsthgm ch uo hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo l wlrblvhr, hn `umn phrgdth hnhvmr l imjmr ahrrmgdhotms mn plzl. SMGILY CH GMNM@MSH:   `mrrhth ch m`hrl ch krmo cdíghtrl, quh `lostm ch frhols, uom fuhoth ch mndghotm`dðo y uom vmrdhcmc ch cdsplsdtdvls muxdndmrhs, `uym fuo`dðo prdo`dpmn hs chshorlnnmr y horlnnmr nm nçohm ch phrflrm`dðo.

= Frmo`ds`l

Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc. pp.;9

9 Diçc

p.;= 0 Diçc p.;9 3 Diçc p.;= 8 Diçc p.;9

=4

 

SLOHNMCM-GDNNM:  rhkdstrl chn trmimjl ch uo `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, hs nm `motdcmc ch tlohnmcms nhvmotmcms plr hn `minh m nl nmrkl ch uom gdnnm. [LYBLVHY: lphrm`dlohs ch rhm`locd`dlomgdhotl m plzls phtrlnhrls nls `umnhs glcdfd`mo hn hstmcl gh`íod`l chn plzl.

95

 

YHPXGHO

Hs fuocmghotmn pmrm nms `lgpmýçms chn sh`tlr phtrlnhrl cdsgdoudr nls `lstls sdo plohr ho rdhskl nms lphrm`dlohs, nm vdcm augmom y nls hqudpls. Hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo hs uo hnhghotl `rçtd`l ho nm phrflrm`dðo y gmothodgdhotl ch plzls, cmcm nm hvhotumndcmc chn rlgpdgdhotl chn `minh plr uo dohfd`dhoth `lotrln sh plcrçmo khohrmr krmochs pärcdcms h`loðgd`ms plr cmýl m nls hqudpls amstm pärcdcm ch vdcmschsch augmoms. Ho hsth prlyh`tl sh prhshotm uo gätlcl hfh`tdvl pmrm plchr rhmndzmr uo mshkurmgdhotl tltmn mn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, mnmrkmocl mn gíxdgl su vdcm útdn rhcu`dhocl `lstls, sdo plohr ho rdhskl vdcms v dcms augmoms y nm dothkrdcmc ch nls hqudpls. Umrm hstl, sh rhmndzð uo hstucdl ch nms lphrm`dlohs y hsph`dfd`m`dlohs ch nls hqudpls quh mfh`tmo nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh, tlgmocl `lgl rhfhrho`dm nms olrgms DMC@, MUD YU 4I, MUD PUH@ 4M, MUD YU 83, DPL 3054 y rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth, cloch sh hvdcho`dð quh pmrm hn `lrrh`tl chshgphýl chn `minh, hs fuocmghotmn hn hstmcl chn sdsthgm ch nhvmoth ch nls hqudpls, rmzðo plr nm `umn sh hvmnuð hsth m 3 hqudpls y m pmrtdr ch dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs cdghosdlomnhs y pruhims ol chstru`tdvms pmrm chs`mrtmr uo cmýl prhgmturl plr `locd`dlohs gh`íod`ms ho cloch quh tlclsy nls ch gh`íod`l dzmjh sh ho`uhotrmo chotrl sh ch`lo`nuyð nm olrgmtdvdcmc olhnhghotls mkrhkmo chn uo sdsthgm chskmsth mn `minh. Mcd`dlomnghoth, sh chthrgdomrlo nms lphrm`dlohs gís rhnhvmoths pmrm `mn`unmr hn vmnlr ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm: Vdmjh `lgpnhtl, Uhrflrm`dðo, @lrmzlomgdhotl, Imjmcm ch `msdok, Imjmcm ch ndohr, Vdmjh `lrtl, Gmrtdnnhl y Shosdðo curmoth phkms ch tuihrçm. Ulsthrdlrghoth sh cdshýð nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗ ho hn nhokumjh ch prlkrmgm`dðoo vdsumn imsd`, nm `umn phrgdth hn `ín`unl ðptdgl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmc prlkrmgm`dð tlohnmcmmgdnnm ho `mgpl y nm `umn cds`rdgdom sd sh usm uo sdsthgm ch phrflrm`dðo ch tlp crdvh l Bhnny cloch hn prdghrl cdsgdouyh ho prlghcdl uo 86% nm m`ugunm`dðo ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hstm lphrm`dðo. Nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh fuh mpnd`mcm m 0 hqudpls ch nm `lgpmýçm Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs y sh prlið ch gmohrm docdrh`tm mn hqudpl H-=;93, rhmndzmocl uom hgunm`dðo ch uo plzl phrflrmcl y ch gmohrm cdrh`tm m nls hqudpls H-;99 y H-=998, cloch sh nh rhmndzmrlo dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs cdghosdlomnhs y ch thosdðo mn `minh y sh `lo`nuyð quh pmrm hn hqudpl H-;99 sh khohrm uo malrrl chn =1,58% chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo y pmrm hn hqudpl H-=998 sh lptdgdzm hn usl chn `minh ho uo 00,==%. Fdomnghoth, pmrm plchr mnmrkmr nm vdcm útdn sh hnmilrð uom kuçm ghtlclnðkd`m ch iuhoms prí`td`ms `lo hn fdo ch cdsgdoudr hn chskmsth gh`íod`l ho tlcls nls `minhs ch phrflrm`dðo ch nm `lgpmýçm. Umnmirms `nmvh:   @minh, Uhrflrm`dðo, Vmrdminh, Slohnmcm Gdnnm, Mshkurmgdhotl, Ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn, Vdcm útdn, Yhm`locd`dlomgdhotl, @minh ch phrflrm`dðo.

9=

 

 MI PSYM@S

Dt ds hsshotdmn flr `lgpmodhs do tah ldn sh`tlr tl rhcu`h `lsts wdtalut puttdok lphrmtdlos, augmo ndvhs, moc hqudpghot mt rdsb. Sah crdnndok ndoh ds m `rdtd`mn hnhghot do tahtlcrdnndok moc gmdothomo`h lf whnns, kdvho frlg tah hvhotumndty lf tah `minh cuh dohffd`dhot `lotrln, dt `lunc khohrmth krhmt h`lolgd` nlsshsirhmbdok cuh tl cmgmkh tl hqudpghot tl nlss lf augmo ndfh. Do tads prljh`t, mo hffh`tdvh ghtalc ds prhshothc tl ih minh tl `mrry lut m tltmn dosurmo`h tl tah crdnndok ndoh, hxthocdok dts ushfun ndfh tl tah gmxdgug rhcu`dok `lsts, wdtalut puttdok augmo ndvhs moc tah dothkrdty lf tah hqudpghot mt rdsb. Flr tads, m stucy lf tah lphrmtdlos moc sph`dfd`mtdlos lf tah hqudpghot tamt mffh`t tah dothkrdty lf tah wdrh rlph wms `mrrdhc lut, tmbdok ms rhfhrho`h tah DMC@ stmocmrcs, MUD YU 4I, MUD PUH@ 4M, MUD YU 83, DPL 3054 moc gmoufm`turhr's rh`lgghocmtdlos, wahrh Dt salwhc tamt flr tah `lrrh`t phrflrgmo`h lf tah wdrh rlph, tah `locdtdlo lf tah hqudpghot ndftdok systhg ds hsshotdmn, wad`a ds way dt wms hvmnumthc lo 3 hqudpghot moc frlg vdsumn, cdghosdlomn dosph`tdlos moc olo-chstru`tdvh thsts tl runh lut prhgmturh cmgmkh cuh tl gh`amod`mn `locdtdlos wahrh dt wms `lo`nuchc tamt mnn tah hnhghots lf tah ndftdok systhg mrh wdtado tah rhkunmtdlos moc cl olt mcc gh`amod`mn whmr tl tah wdrh rlph. Mccdtdlomnny, tah glst rhnhvmot lphrmtdlos whrh chthrgdohc tl `mn`unmth tah tlo-gdnh vmnuh: Funn trdp, Crdnndok, @lrdok, @msdok nlwhrdok, Ndohr nlwhrdok, Palrt trdp, Amgghrdok moc Shosdlo curdok stu`b pdph. Puishquhotny, tah cdkdtmn tlln "Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh" wms chsdkohc do tah vdsumn imsd` prlkrmggdok nmokumkh, wad`a mnnlws tah lptdgmn `mn`unmtdlo lf tah tlo-gdnh vmrdminh do tah fdhnc moc wad`a cds`rdgdomths df m tlp crdvh lr Bhnny crdnndok systhg ds ushc. wahrh tah fdrst loh ch`rhmshs lo mvhrmkh 86% tah m``ugunmtdlo lf tlo-gdnhs tlo -gdnhs flr tads lphrmtdlo. Sah Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh tlln wms mppndhc tl 0 hqudpghot frlg tah Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs `lgpmoy moc docdrh`tny thsthc lo hqudpghot H-=;93, hgunmtdok m crdnnhc whnn moc cdrh`tny lo hqudpghot H-;99 H- =998, cdghosdlomn moc thosdlo dosph`tdlos whrh `mrrdhc lut lo moc tah `minh mocwahrh dt wmsvdsumn, `lo`nuchc tamt flr tah H-;99 hqudpghot m smvdok lf =1.58% lf tah crdnndok ndoh ds khohrmthc moc flr tah H-=998 hqudpghot tah ush lf tah `minh iy 00.==%. Fdomnny, tl hxthoc tah ushfun ndfh, m ghtalclnlkd`mn kudch lf kllc prm`td`hs wms prhpmrhc tl rhcu`h gh`amod`mn whmr lo mnn tah `lgpmoy's crdnn `minhs. Bhy wlrcs:  [drh rlph, Crdnndok Ndoh, Vmrdminh, Slo Gdnh, Ihnmy, Cdkdtmn Slln, Xshfun Ndfh, wlrblvhr, Crdnn @minh.

99

 

DOSYLCX@@DÐO

Hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo hs `lol`dcl `lgl hn mngm chn sdsthgm chn nhvmoth ho nls hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr, pmrm rhmndzmr uo `lrrh`tl mshkurmgdhotl y prhvhodr rupturms dohsphrmcms sh chiho momndzmr nms lphrm`dlohs y hvhotls quh mfh`tmo nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms dod`dmnhs chn `minh. Hxdstho cls fm`tlrhs prdo`dpmnhs quh mfh`tmo nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh2 hn prdghrl am`h rhfhrho`dm mn chkmsth lphrm`dlomn chidcl m nms thosdlohs khohrmcms plr hn phsl ch tlcms nms ahrrmgdhotms quh slo mnzmcms plr hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. Hn shkuocl fm`tlr hs nm rhnm`dðo quh tdhoh hn `minh `lo hn ghcdl hxthrdlr chsch hn glghotl ho quh sh mcqudhrh amstm hn fdo ch su lphrm`dðo, uom gmnm rhnm`dðo y/l gmodpunm`dðo chn `minh puhch khohrmr cmýls gh`íod`ls ho hsth, cdsgdouyhocl msç su vdcm útdn. Umrm rhmndzmr nm `umotdfd`m`dðo chn chskmsth lphrm`dlomn, sh hgpnhm hn gätlcl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm, hn `umn, `mn`unm nms tlohnmcms nhvmotmcms curmoth uom gdnnm ch lphrm`dðo. Hn chskmsth gh`íod`l slnl hs plsdinh `umotdfd`mrnl m pmrtdr ch dosph``dloh dosph``dlohss vdsumnhs, cdghosdlo cdghosdlomnhs mnhs y pruhims ch thosdðo quh hvdcho`dho nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh. Nm `lgpmýçm Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs om`h m pmrtdr ch nm fusdðo ch cls `lgpmýçms2 `lgpmýçms uom=443 pm pmrth, rth,yPmo Dothromtdlomn nm `umn `lotmim `lo`rhmcm hxphrdho`dm ho hn sh`tlr2 Ulr chsch plr Motlodl ltrm pmrth Hstrhnnm Uhtrlnhrm, hgprhsm ho hn mýl 9558 ho Mrkhotdom. Hstrhnnm hs nm prdghrm `lgpmýçm ho dotrlcu`dr hqudpls ch mntm th`olnlkçm (M@-VFC) ho thrrdtlrdl `lnlgidmol. M`tumnghoth Hstrhnnm DHP prhstm cdfhrhoths shrvd`dls phtrlnhrls ho @lnlgidm, Mrkhotdom, Uhrú y @adnh. Chsch nm khrho`dm ch dokhodhrçm y prl`hsls, Hstrhnnm ius`m rhmndzmr uo mshkurmgdhotl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo ho tlcms sus lphrm`dlohs pmrm msç, mprlvh`amr nm vdcm útdn tltmn chn `minh mughotmocl su tdhgpl ch usl, sdo plohr ho rdhskl nm vdcm augmom y nm dothkrdcmc ch nls hqudpls. Hstrhnnm `uhotm `lo hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr chsch nls 955 AU amstm nls 9555 AU, hqudpls quh sh ho`uhotrmo rhpmrtdcls ho tlcls nls inlquhs m odvhn om`dlomn. Phkúo nms dovhstdkm`dlohs ch Lssm Mnhx y Umodmkum Murhndl6  qudhohs rhmndzmrlo pruhims ch ch thosdðo m cls mcdfhrhoths `minhs quh nlkrmrlo sufrdhrlochthrgdomr fmnnms súidtms `locd`dlohs `mrkm gholr nm `mpm`dcmc olgdomn, quh hnimjl usl chn `minh puhch khohrmr uom pärcdcm ch nm `mpm`dcmc olgdomn ch `mrkm chidcl m nm fmtdkm khohrmcm chotrl ch nm lphrm`dðo. Ch nm gdsgm flrgm, nls hstucdls rhmndzmcls plr Hnmtm Cmvdc y Hsabhomzy Ylooy ;, qudhohs momndzmrlo nls `lgplrtmgdhotls gh`íod`ls m cdfhrhoths `minhs ch m`hrl mn shr slghtdcls m lphrm`dlohs chotrl ch nls pmríghtrls ch nm `mrkm olgdomn y

6  LPPM,

Mnhx y UMODMKXM, Murhndl. Moíndsds ch fmnnm ho `minh ch m`hrl Ho: Dokhodhrçm y `dho`dm DPPO =;434=68. Phptdhgirh ch 9558 Vln. =, orl 9, p 4;-=50  ; HNMSM, Cmvdc T HPABHOMZT, Yloy. Ho: P`dho`h cdrh`t Vln. 3=, dssuhs 8-6 9, 9553. pp ==8;-==;9 

90

 

rhmndzmocl pruhims cdghosdlomnhs y ch thosdðo, `lo`nuyhrlo quh su chskmsth lphrm`dlomn puhch shr `mn`unmcl ch gmohrm cdrh`tmghoth prlplr`dlomn m su usl. Ch m`uhrcl `lo nl mothrdlr, hs fuocmghotmn pmrm nms `lgpmýçms thohr y mpnd`mr `lrrh`tmghoth uo gätlcl, hn `umn, m pmrtdr chn chskmsth lphrm`dlomn ch nls `minhs sh puhcm chthrgdomr `umocl fdomndzm su vdcm útdn, mchgís, hs dgplrtmoth gmothohr iuhoms prí`td`ms ch usl chn `minh `lo hn fdo ch hvdtmr uo cmýl gh`íod`l mn gdsgl. Umrm nm rhslnu`dðo chn prlinhgm mothrdlrghoth chs`rdtl, sh prlpusl `lgl lijhtdvl khohrmn: Mshkurmr nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo ghcdmoth hn cdshýl ch uom ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn pmrm hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr ch nm `lgpmýçm Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs, y `lgl lijhtdvls hsph`çfd`ls:   @umotdfd`m @umotdfd`mrr nms vmrdminhs lphrmtdvms y hsph`dfd`m` hsph`dfd`m`dlohs dlohs ch nls hqudpls quh mfh`tmo hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm.   Cdshýmr uom ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn quh phrgdtm hn `ín`unl ðptdgl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho `mgpl.

•

•

•

  chsmrrlnnmcm, Vmndcmr nls rhsuntmcls ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm cmcm plr nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn m trmväschnch`ín`unl pruhims ch nmilrmtlrdl, `lgpmrmocl hstls `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nms rh`lghocm`dlohs rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth.   Hnmilrmr uom kuç kuçmm ghtlclnðk ghtlclnðkd`m: d`m: iuhoms prí`td`ms ch usl, `lgp `lgprm, rm, gmothodgdhotl, dosph``dðo y mngm`homgdhotl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo m`lrch `lo nm olrgmtdvm vdkhoth y rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth.

•

@lo hsth hstucdl sh prhthoch mnmrkmr nm vdcm útdn chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, sdo plohr ho rdhskl vdcms augmoms y nm dothkrdcmc ch nls hqudpls, m pmrtdr ch uom ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn nm `umn phrgdtm `mn`unmr hn chskmsth lphrm`dlomn chn `minh imsíoclsh ho nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm y thodhocl ho `uhotm nms iuhoms prí`td`ms ch usl, `lgprm, gmothodgdhotl, dosph``dðo y mngm`homgdhotl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo. Hn `uhrpl chn prhshoth trmimjl ch krmcl hstm shkghotmcl ho trhs `mpçtunls: Gmr`l thðrd`l, Ghtlclnlkçm y cmtls y Yhsuntmcls y moíndsds. M nl nmrkl ch tlcls hstls `mpçtunls sh chsmrrlnnmo ho su tltmndcmc nls lijhtdvls prlpuhstls mothrdlrghoth. Ho hn `mpçtunl ch Gmr`l Shðrd`l sh chsmrrlnnm pmrth chn lijhtdvl cls, hxpnd`mocl nm imsh thðrd`m ch uo `minh ch phrflrm`dðo y sus prlpdhcmchs tmgidäo, sh prhshotm nm chs`rdp`dðo chn nhokumjh ch prlkrmgm`dðo ho hn `umn sh prlkrmgð nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn. Ho hn `mpçtunl ch ghtlclnlkçm y cmtls sh chsmrrlnnmo nls lijhtdvls: uol, glstrmocl nms hsph`dfd`m`dlohs ch nls hqudpls quh mfh`tmo cdrh`tmghoth nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh y hn hstmcl m`tumn ch nls hqudpls lijhtdvl ch nm `lgpmýçm y su rhnm`dðo `lo hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, cls, chs`rdidhocl hn fuo`dlomgdhotl ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn y nms `ín`unls msl`dmcls m su usl y trhs, flrgunmocl uo prlkrmgm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth mch`umcl pmrm nls hqudpls msl`dmcls, msl`dmcls , nm tltmndcmc chn lijhtdvl trhs

93

 

sh ho`uhotrm ho nm pmrth fdomn chn cl`ughotl ho nm sh``dðo ch „Mohxls‗ cloch sh

chs`rdiho nms iuhoms prí`td`ms ch usl, `lgprm, gmothodgdhotl, dosph``dðo y mngm`homgdhotl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo m`lrch `lo nm olrgmtdvm vdkhoth y rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth. Fdomnghoth, ho hn `mpçtunl ch rhsuntmcls y moíndsds, sh chsmrrlnnm nm tltmndcmc chn lijhtdvl `umtrl cloch sh chguhstrm nm vmndchz ch nm ahrrmgdhot ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn rhmndzmocl dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs,cdkdtmn cdghosdlomnhs y ch thosdðo nls `minhs mquh fuhrlo slghtdcls m nm ahrrmgdhotm y sus rhsuntmcls fuhrlom `lgpmrmcls `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nms rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth.

98

 

=. GMY@L SHÐYD@L

Ho hsth `mpçtunl sh hxploh ch gmohrm khohrmn nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms y usls ch nls hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr, hn fuo`dlomgdhotl chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh y su utdndcmc ho nls cdfhrhoths hqudpls, nm dgplrtmo`dm chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo `lgl su fuo`dlomgdho fuo`dlomgdhotl sus `mrm`thrçs `mrm`thrçstd`ms, td`ms, nm `umotdfd`m`dðo chn chskmsth pmrtdr chn `ín`unl chtlnmy vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm, nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms iísd`mslphrmtdvl ch uom mkrífd`m rhsuntmoth ch uo hosmyl ch trm``dðo sdgpnh y nm chs`rdp`dðo chn nhokumjh ch prlkrmgm`dðo ho hn `umn fuh chsmrrlnnmcm nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm Slo -gdnh‗.  =.=

H]XDULP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO T [LYBLVHY

@hr`m ch nm tltmndcmc ch nls prlyh`tls ch hxpnltm`dðo ch adcrl`mriurls ho hn guocl, sh chsmrrlnnmo m pmrtdr ch plzls phtrlnhrls. Umrm nm `lostru``dðo y gmothodgdhotl ch hstls, hs fuocmghotmn hn usl ch hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr. Hstls Hqudpls sh amo vuhntl uo d`lol ch tlcm nm docustrdm phtrlnhrm m odvhn guocdmn. Xo hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo `lgl su olgirh nl docd`m, hs uom gíqudom quh phrflrm hn suisuhnl ho ius`m chn adcrl`mriurl. Fuo`dlom krm`dms m nm rltm`dðo y phsl quh sh nh cm m nm irl`m ghcdmoth nm smrtm ch phrflrm`dðo. M ghcdcm quh hn plzl sh vm am`dhocl gís prlfuocl, sh vmo mýmcdhocl tuils m nl nmrkl chn plzl amstm nnhkmr m nm prlfuocdcmc lijhtdvl. Xo hqudpl ch wlrblvhr tdhoh `lgl fuo`dðo prdo`dpmn hn rhm`locd`dlomgdhotl ch plzls ym phrflrmcls. Nls prdo`dpmnhs shrvd`dls quh prhstmo hstls hqudpls slo: thrgdom`dðo ch plzls, quh hs nm prhpmrm`dðo y puhstm m prlcu``dðo ch uo plzl rh`däo phrflrmcl, gmothodgdhotl, rhpmrm`dðo, hstdgunm`dðo mn ym`dgdhotl, hotrh ltrls. Xo hqudpl ch wlrblvhr plshh uo fuo`dlomgdhotl fuo`dlomg dhotl sdgdnmr m uol ch phrflrm`dðo, 1

sdo hgimrkl, sh cdfhrho`dm ho hn tmgmýl y pltho`dm . =.9

PDPSHGM PDPSHGM CH DZMJH

Nm fuo`dðo prdo`dpmn chn sdsthgm ch nhvmotmgdhotl, tmgidäo `lol`dcl `lgl sdsthgm ch dzmjh, hs prlvhhr uo gh`modsgl pmrm imjmr y nhvmotmr nm smrtm ch phrflrm`dðo, tuihrçm ch rhvhstdgdhotl y tlcms nms ahrrmgdhotms quh dokrhsmo mn plzl. Hsth gh`modsgl chih shr `mpmz ch slplrtmr hn phsl tltmn ch nm smrtm ch phrflrm`dðo. Hn sdsthgm ch nhvmotmgdhotl `losdsth ho uo mrrhknl ch plnhms quh rhpmrtho hn phsl 1  Uhtrlnmoc.

[lrblvhr, RHo nçohmW. Ilkltí.: 95=;. R@losuntmcl ==, fhirhrl, 9595W. Cdsplodinh ho: attps://www.phtrlnmocsms.`lg/wlrb-lvhr-9/

96

 

nhvmotmcl (allb nlmc) m trmväs ch nms nçohms, cdsgdouyhocl msç, nm fuhrzm rhquhrdcm pmrm plchr nhvmotmrnl.4 Hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo juhkm uo pmphn fuocmghotmn ho tlcl hn sdsthgm, chidcl m quh hs hn ho`mrkmcl ch trmosgdtdr nm hohrkçm gh`íod`m m nl nmrkl ch tlcl hn sdsthgm (Fdkurm =). Fdkurm =. Pdsthgm ch plnhms hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y wlrblvhr.

Fuhoth: CMSMNLK. Gmoumn ch phrflrm`dðo, prl`hcdgdhotls y lphrm`dlohs ho hn plzl, 0 vhrsdðo. Mnihrtm: 955= p =4. =.0

@MINHP @MI NHP CH UHYFLYM@DÐO UHYFLYM@DÐO

Nls `minhs slo uom dotrdo`mcm rhc `lgpuhstm ch mngm, tlrlohs y mnmgirhs. Nm fuo`dðo prdo`dpmn ch hstm rhc hs trmosgdtdr nm hohrkçm gh`íod`m m nl nmrkl ch tlcl hn sdsthgm ch nhvmotmgdhotl (Fdkurm 9). @mcm uom ch hstms pmrths trmimjm ho phrfh`tm sdo`rloçm `lo nms chgís. Hn `udcmcl y hn gmohjl mch`umcl hs lindkmtlrdl pmrm rh`didr hn gíxdgl shrvd`dl mn gís mntl odvhn ch shkurdcmc=5.

4 DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK

@LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. =3. DPIO: 4;1-5-44=8548-;-; 4;1 -5-44=8548-;-;  =5 Diçc pp. = 

9;

 

Fdkurm 9. Umrths chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo.

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p= =.0.= Cdíghtrl.  Hn cdíghtrl hs uom ch nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms gís dgplrtmoths chn `minh, nh prlplr`dlom rdkdchz y rhsdstho`dm. Hotrh gís krmoch hs hn cdíghtrl gmylr

rhsdstho`dm thocrí uom hn `minh, sdo mch`umcm hgimrkl, pmrm su gmnhmidndcmc shríhngís imjm. rhmn Hs dgplrtmoth rhmndzmr ghcd`dðo plchr chthrgdomr cdíghtrl quh tdhoh `mcm `minh, hstm sh chih rhmndzmr chsch hn puotl gís mntl ch uo tlrðo amstm hn puotl gís imjl chn tlrðo quh sh ho`uhotrm ho nm `lotrmpmrth chn prdghr tlrðo (Fdkurm 0). Phkúo nm DMC@, hxdstho cdfhrhoths tlnhrmo`dms ho nls cdíghtrls ch fmird`m`dðo chn `minh, ho nm tminm = sh dnustrmo hstms tlnhrmo`dms. Sminm =. Cdíghtrl chn `minh vs. Slnhrmo`dms

Cdíghtrl chn `minh (Uunkmcms) 0/=6

Slnhrmo`dm dofhrdlr mn cdíghtrl (%) 5

Slnhrmo`dm suphrdlr mn cdíghtrl (%) ;

;/09 55 =/3 66 8/=6 5 6 0/1 y gmylrhs 5 8 Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 9

91

 

Fdkurm 0. Gätlcl `lrrh`tl ch ghcd`dðo chn cdíghtrl.

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 9. =.0.9 @nmsdfd`m`dðo y `lostru``dlohs.  Nm rhsdstho`dm chn `minh chphoch cdrh`tmghoth ch nm `motdcmc ch tlrlohs y mnmgirhs plr tlrðo quh tdhoh hn `minh, hsth cmtl sh choltm shkúo nm olgho`nmturm dothrom`dlomn hxpuhstm ho nm tminm 9. Sminm 9. @nmsdfd`m`dðo plr oúghrl ch tlrlohs y mnmgirhs. @nmsdfd`m`dðo. @nm sdfd`m`dðo. 6x; 6x=4 6x0; 1x=4

Oúgh Oúghrl rl ch tlrlohs. 6 6 6 1

Mnmgirhs plr tlrðo. ; =6-96 9;-34 =6-96

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 9 =.0.9.= @lostru``dðo ch tlrlohs.  Hn cdshýl ch nls tlrlohs mfh`tm cdrh`tmghoth `mrm`thrçstd`ms `mrm`thrç std`ms chn `minh `lgl nm rhsdstho rhsdstho`dm `dm m nm fmtdkm y nm rhsdstho`dm m nm mirmsdðo. Nls mnmgirhs sh puhcho uid`mr ho hn tlrðo ch cdfhrhoth gmohrm h do`nusl puhcho vmrdmr nls cdíghtrls ch hstls ho hn tlrðo (Fdkurm 3). Phkúo nm DMC@== nm `nmsdfd`m`dðo shkúo nm `lostru``dðo ch nls tlrlohs hs nm sdkudhoth:

== DMC@.

Lp.`dt, pp 9-0

94

 

Fdkurm 3. Hjhgpnls ch `lostru``dðo ch tlrlohs.

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 0-3.

 

•

Pdoknh nmyhr. Hs hn glchnl iísd`l pmrm nm `lostru``dðo ch tlrlohs, hn hjhgpnl gís `lgúo hs `lo uo mnmgirh sho`dnnl ho hn `hotrl rlchmcl plr uom `mpm ch 6 mnmgirhs tlcls chn gdsgl cdíghtrl.

  Fdnnhr wdrh. Hstm `lostru``dðo tdhoh cls `mpms ch dkumn cdíghtrl ch mnmgirhs mnrhchclr ch uo mnmgirh `hotrmn, ho hn dothrghcdl ch nms cls `mpms hxdsth ltrm ch gholr cdíghtrl y `lo nm gdtmc ch nls mnmgirhs ch nm `mpm hxthrdlr. Nm `mpm hxthrdlr tdhoh hn clinh ch mnmgirhs quh nm `mpm dothrdlr.

•

  Phmn. Nm `lostru``dðo shmn plshh cls `mpms ch mnmgirhs mnrhchclr ch uo mnmgirh `hotrmn, nms cls `mpms plshho hn gdsgl oúghrl ch mnmgirhs, sdo hgimrkl, nm `mpm dothrdlr hs ch gholr cdíghtrl.

•

  [mrrdoktlo. Ulshh cls `mpms ch mnmgirhs quh rlchmo uo mnmgirh `hotrmn, tlcls nls mnmgirhs ch nm `mpm dothrdlr plshho plshh o hn gdsgl cdíghtrl y nls mnmgirhs ch nm `mpm hxthrdlr plshh 9 cdíghtrls cdfhrhoths quh sh dothr`mnmo. Nls mnmgirhs ch gmylr cdíghtrl rhplsmo ho nms `mvdcmchs ch nm `mpm dothrdlr.

•

05

 

  Umtrlohs `lgidomcls. Umrm lphrm`dlohs hsph`çfd`ms, sh puhch `lostrudr tlrlohs imsíoclsh ho nms `lostru``dlohs moths gho`dlomcms, hstls cdshýls hsph`çfd`ls slo nnmgmcls pmtrlohs `lgidomcls.

•

=.0.9.9 =.0. 9.9 Urhfl Urhflrg rgmcl mcl chn `min `minh. h. Hn prhflrgmcl hs hn prl`hsl cloch sh nh cm nm

flrgm ahnd`ldcmn nls mnmgirhs y m nls hn `minh. flrgm ahnd`ldcmn chn `minh khohrm uomm gmylr rhsdstho`dm m nmtlrlohs tlr`dðoho curmoth nmsNm lphrm`dlohs, mchgís, mughotm nm rhsdstho`dm m nm fmtdkm y prlplr`dlom hstmidndcmc mn `minh sdhocl msç gís fí`dn hn gmohjl ch hsth. Hn prdghr hnhghotl quh sh chih thohr ho `uhotm ho hn prhflrgmcl chn `minh hs nm cdrh``dðo ch nls tlrlohs ho hn `minh, hstls puhcho dr am`dm nm chrh`am l dzqudhrcm (rdkat lr nhft). Hn shkuocl hnhghotl quh sh chih thohr ho `uhotm hs nm rhnm`dðo hotrh nm cdrh``dðo ch nls tlrlohs y nm cdrh``dðo cdrh``d ðo ch nls mnmgirhs ho hn tlrðo. @umocl nls mnmgirhs hstío hs tío ho nm cdrh``dðo `lotrmrdm m nm cdrh``dðo chn tlrðo nm cholgdom`dðo hs rhkunmr nmy, sd nls mnmgirhs hstío ho nm gdsgm cdrh``dðo quh hn tlrðo su cholgdom`dðo hs Nmok nmy (Fdkurm 8). Umrm cmr uom olgho`nmturm `lgpnhtm sh gho`dlom prdghrl nm cdrh``dðo ch nls tlrlohs y nuhkl nm cdrh``dðo ch nls mnmgirhs =9. Fdkurm 8. Hjhgpnls ch prhflrgmcl ch `minhs. 

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 3 =9 DMC@.

Lp.`dt, pp 0-3

0=

 

Hn thr`hr hnhghotl quh sh chih thohr ho `uhotm hs hn pmsl, hsth hs nm nlokdtuc mxdmn m nl nmrkl chn `minh cloch uo tlrðo cm nm vuhntm `lgpnhtm ch flrgm ahnd`ldcmn mnrhchclr chn mngm (Fdkurm 6). Hn pmsl chih shr `lostmoth curmoth tlcm nm vdcm útdn chn `minh, sd curmoth nm dosph``dðo hn pmsl mughotm l cdsgdouyh hn `minh chih shr rhgpnmzmcl doghcdmtmghoth. Fdkurm 6. Loh rlph nmy

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ;ta hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 3 =.0.9.0 Krmcls.  Hn krmcl chn `minh chfdoh nm rhsdstho`dm ch uo `minh ouhvl chphocdhocl nls gmthrdmnhs ch `lostru``dðo y sus rh`uirdgdhotls. Nls krmcls ch nls `minhs pmrm nm docustrdm phtrlnhrm slo: Dgprlvhc Unlw Pthhn (DUP), Hxtrm Dgprlvhc Unlw Pthhn (HDU) y Hxtrm-Hxtrm Dgprlvhc Unlw Pthhn (HHDU)=0.

Xo `minh ch 6 tlrlohs hstíocmr D[Y@ y HDU tdhoh uom rhsdstho`dm olgdomn =8% gmylr m uo DUP, sdo hgimrkl, hn gdsgl `minh `lo uo krmcl HHDU tdhoh uo =5% gís ch rhsdstho`dm quh uo HDU. Nls `minhs kmnvmodzmcls slo mquhnnls quh tdhoho ho `mcm uol ch sus mnmgirhs uo rh`uirdgdhotl ch zdo`, hsth rh`uirdgdhotl do`rhghotm nm rhsdstho`dm m nm `lrrlsdðo =3. =.0.9.3 Mngms. Nms mngms ho nls `minhs ch phrflrm`dðo slo khohrmn khohrmnghoth ghoth ch 0 tdpls.

  Fdihr `lrh. Plo mngms ch fdirm omturmn `lgl hn sdsmn l fdirm mrtdfd`dmn `lgl hn plndprlpdnhol

•

  Dochphochot wdrh rlph `lrh (D[Y@). Hn mngm hs uo `minh dochphocdhoth sdo odokuom rhnm`dðo `lo nls tlrlohs.

•

  Ptrmoc @lrh. Hn mngm hs hxm`tmghoth dkumn m nls tlrlohs quh nm rlchmo.

•

=0 DMC@. =3 DMC@.

Lp.`dt, pp 3 Lp.`dt, pp 3

09

 

=.0.0 Vmrdminh Slohnmcm-Gdnnm.  Hn chskmsth ch uo `minh ch phrflrm`dðo sh cm prdo`dpmnghoth ho nls puotls ch `lotm`tl hotrh hn `minh y nms plnhms, hstls puotls slo cholgdomcls puotls `rçtd`ls. Moths ch =435 `umocl sh lishrvmim uo chskmsth ho hstls puotls sh rhtdrmim tlcl hn `minh chn hqudpl msç, nl chgís hstuvdhrm ho iuho

hstmcl. hs uo gätlclnmspmrm hn `ín`unl chn chskmsth lphrmtdvlNmm vmrdminh pmrtdr ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm nms thosdlohs quh khohrmo cdfhrhoths lphrm`dlohs, uom tlohnmcm-gdnnm rhprhshotm nm `motdcmc ch tlohnmcms nhvmotmcms ho uom gdnnm ch chspnmzmgdhotl chn `minh. Hn lijhtdvl ch usmr hn gätlcl ch nm vmrdminh-tlohnmcmgdnnm hs chspnmzmr nls puotls `rçtd`ls chn `minh sdo rhgpnmzmr tlcl hn sdsthgm y sdo plohr ho rdhskl nm dothkrdcmc ch nls hqudpls y nm vdcm augmom =8. Nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm sh mplym ho uo prlkrmgm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo quh chih `ugpndrsh `ugpndrs h m `mimndcmc pmrm lithohr hn gmylr shrvd`dl chn `minh cdsgdouyhocl msç nls `lstls, sdo hgimrkl, hxdstho fm`tlrhs gh`íod`ls nls `umnhs khohrmo uo chskmsth mcd`dlomn y nls `umnhs ol sh tdhoho ho `uhotm pmrm hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm, plr nl quh sh am`h oh`hsmrdl rhmndzmr dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs y cdghosdlomnhs mn `minh phrdðcd`mghoth shkúo nms lphrm`dlohs nl phrgdtmo=6. Nms olrgms mpnd`minhs ho @lnlgidm quh rdkho hn `ín`unl ch hstm vmrdminh y nms iuhoms prí`td`ms ch `lgprm, mngm`homgdhotl, dosph``dðo, usl y gmothodgdhotl chn `minh slo nm MUD 4M y 4I y hn DMC@ Crdnndok gmoumn ho hn `mpçtunl [drh rlph. =.3

HOPMTL CH SYM@@DÐO PDGUNH=; 

Xo hosmyl ch trm``dðo sdgpnh tdhoh `lgl lijhtdvl nm `mrm`thrdzm`dðo gh`íod`m ch nls gmthrdmnhs. Ho hn hosmyl sh usm uom prlihtm gh`modzmcm (guhstrm) ch uom nlokdtuc dod`dmn cholgdomcm N5, ch nm gdsgm guhstrm sh tdhoh hn írhm cholgdomcm Ω5. Nm guhstrm sh sujhtm plr sus hxtrhgls y sh hgpdhzm m mpnd`mr uom fuhrzm ms`hochoth (F) m uom vhnl`dcmc olrgmndzmcm, nm `umn hstdrm nm guhstrm uom nlokdtuc ∆N. Nm nlokdtuc ch nm guhstrm sh guhstrm ho nm h`um`dðo =

=8 DMC@.

Lp.`dt, pp 95 9595 =; Frmo`ds`l Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc pp ;=;3. =6 HG@L@MINHP,

00

 

H`um`dðo =. Nlokdtuc ch nm guhstrm curmoth hn hosmyl ch trm``dðo.    7   + ∆ 

Fuhoth:  Frmo`ds`l Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc pp ;=.

Hn hosmyl thrgdom `umocl sh nnhkm m nm thosdðo ch rlturm y nm guhstrm sh rlgph. Hn rhsuntmcl prdo`dpmn ch nm pruhim hs khohrmr nm `urvm F vs ∆N ( Krífd`m =). Hn pd`l ch fuhrzm sh cm moths ch nm rlturm chidcl m nm cdsgdou`dðo c hn írhm trmosvhrsmn (Ω5) ch nm guhstrm mn prlcu`drsh hn hstdrmgdhotl hstdrmgdhotl fdomn.  Krífd`m =. Yhsuntmcl hosmyl ch trm``dðo. 

Fuhoth:  Frmo`ds`l Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc pp ;0.

Nls vmnlrhs rhnhvmoths quh sh puhcho chthrgdomr ho uo hosmyl ch trm``dðo slo:   Nçgdth ch prlplr`dlomndcmc πp.   Nçgdth hnístd`l πh.   Yhsdstho`dm m nm trm``dðo π u.

•

•

•

Umrm `umotdfd`mr nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms moths gho`dlomcms m pmrtdr ch nm pruhim sh rhmndzm nm `urvm ch F/ Ω 5 Vs. ∆N/ N5 (Krífd`m 9)

03

 

Krífd`m 9. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch uo `minh ho uo hosmyl ch trm``dðo.

Fuhoth:  Frmo`ds`l Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc pp ;0. =.8

CHP@YDU@DLO CHP@YDU@DLO CHN NHOKXMJ NHOKXMJH H CH UYLK UYLKYMGM@DÐO. YMGM@DÐO.

Hn nhokumjh ch prlkrmgm`dðo ho hn `umn sh prlkrmgð nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn hs Vdsumn imsd` hn `umn hs uom ahrrmgdhotm ch vdsumn stucdl chsmrrlnnmcm plr Gd`rlslft hn `umn hstí cdrdkdcl plr hvhotls, tdhoh nm lp`dðo ch cdshýmclr hn `umn phrgdth mn prlkrmgmclr lishrvmr ho tdhgpl rhmn hn il`htl ch nm mpnd`m`dðo m pmrtdr ch lijhtls `lgl iltlohs, nmihn, hotrh ltrls y prlkrmgmr cdrh`tmghoth su fuo`dðo ho tlcm nm mpnd`m`dðo. Vdsumn imsd` prhshotm uo `ðcdkl sho`dnnl h dotudtdvl hn `umn puhch thohr dothrm``dðo `lo mpnd`m`dlohs fuhrm chn prlkrmgm. Hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcmgdnnm sh imsm ho fuo`dlohs gmthgítd`ms quh vmrçmo shkúo nm lphrm`dðo rhmndzmcm plr hochhsth hn nhokumjh ch vdsumn `lo nms fuo`dlohs oh`hsmrdms pmrm khohrmr vmnlr. Nm nd`ho`dm chimsd` vdsumn`ugpnh stucdl `lgguodty hs uom nd`ho`dm ch `ðcdkl midhrtl pmrm hstucdmoths, dovhstdkmclrhs y chgís púind`l ho khohrmn.

08

 

9. GHSLCL GHSLCLNLKÇM NLKÇM T CMSLP

Ho hsth `mpçtunl sh guhstrmo nls prl`hcdgdhotls y gätlcls quh sh sdkudhrlo pmrm hn `ugpndgdhotl ch `mcm uol ch nls lijhtdvls, mchgís, sh hxploho nls cmtls ch nls hqudpls quh sh usmrlo pmrm hn chsmrrlnnl chn prlyh`tl (Fdkurm ;). Fdkurm ;. Cdmkrmgm ch fnujl ch nm ghtlclnlkçm.

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm 9.=

DOFLYGM@DÐO SÄ@OD@M CH NLP H]XDULP

Nls cmtls utdndzmcls ho hsth trmimjl sh rdkho imjl uo m`uhrcl ch `lofdcho`dmndcmc hstdpunmcl hotrh nls mutlrhs chn prlyh`tl y nm `lgpmýçm `lo nm quh sh chsmrrlnnm, ho hsth `msl Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs, plr nl tmotl, ol sh gho`dlomo nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls hqudpls quh nm `lgpmýçm `losdchrh y/l ol amkmo pmrth ch nls hqudpls lijhtdvl ch hstucdl H-;5;, H-;99, H-=998, H-=;93. 9.=.= H-;5;. Hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo ch ;85 AU gh`íod`l2 ho hsth hqudpl sh vhrdfd`ð hn hstmcl ch nms pmrths quh `lgploho su sdsthgm ch dzmjh `lgl pmrth chn lijhtdvl uol, y nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtm „Hstrhnnm tlo gdnh‗ `mn`unm hn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl

y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth m pmrtdr ch nls cmtls quh sh hxploho ho nm tminm 0.

06

 

Sminm 0.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-;5; pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl hoahirmc l y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth.

Hqudpl Cdíghtrl tmgilr chn gmnm`mth. (Do) Mnturm ch nm tlrrh (ft).

H-;5; =1 ==9

@motdcmc ch nçohms. =5 Cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh. (Do) = =/1 Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 9.=.9 H-=;93.  Hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo ch =;55 AU hnä`trd`l2 ho hsth hqudpl sh vhrdfd`ð hn hstmcl ch nms pmrths quh `lgploho hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh `lgl pmrth chn lijhtdvl =, nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtm „Hstrhnnm tlo gdnh‗ `mn`unm hn `minh gçodgl ch

hoahirmcl y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth m pmrtdr ch nls cmtls quh sh hxploho ho nm tminm 3, phrflrð hn plzl FXM = `lo nls IAM³s quh sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm 8 y sh usmrlo nls rhvhstdgdhotls quh sh hxploho ho nm tminm 6. Nms lphrm`dlohs rhnhvmoths quh mkrhkmo chskmsth lphrmtdvl mn `minh ho nm phrflrm`dðo ch hsth plzl sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm ;. Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm tlo -gdnh‗ sh mpnd`ð ho hsth hqudpl ch gmohrm docdrh`tm rhmndzmocl rhmndzmocl nm hgunm`dðo chn plzl FXM = ho hn prlkrmgm. Sminm 3.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-=;93 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl hoahirmc l y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth.

Hqudpl H-=;93 Cdíghtrl tmgilr chn gmnm`mth. (Do) 91 Mnturm ch nm tlrrh (ft). =39 @motdcmc ch nçohms. =9 Cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh. (Do) = 0/1 Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

0;

 

Sminm 8.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. IAM

IAM = Nlokdtu c (ft)

IAM 9 Nlokdtu c (ft)

Uhsl 4-fhi-95 Uhsl Crdnn pdph Hosmgin mjh vdmjhrl Crdnn `lnnmr = Crdnn `lnnmr 9 Crdnn `lnnmr 0 Ahmvy whdkat Crdnn pdph Nlcl ch phrflrm`d ðo

IAM 0 Nlokdt uc (ft)

===9=0fhi-95 fhi-95 fhi-95

Uhsl

=6fhi-95

=8,8 (ni/ft)

O/M

=8,8 (ni/ft)

O/M

O/M

O/M

=8,8(ni/ft)

O/M

0955 5 (ni)

O/M

09555 (ni)

O/M

O/M

O/M

09555 (ni)

O/M

=31(n 45,6= =1=,4 =1=,4 =1=,4 =1=,4= 84,58 (ft) 45,6=(ni/ft) i/ft) (ni/ft) = (ft) = (ft) = (ft) (ft) 45,6= 49,34 (ft) 5 5 5 5 5 5 (ni/ft) 5

5

5

5

1,6 ppk

O/M

5

5

5

5

5

5

8;,40 38=,8 8=0,; 8=0,; 8;,40(ni/ft) (ni/ft) (ft) 3 (ft) 3 (ft) 1,1 ppk

O/M

O/M

O/M

4,9 ppk

38=,8 (ft) O/M

43 O/M 43 (ft) O/M O/M O/M 43 (ft) O/M (ft) Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 Umrmcm

Sminm 6. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls rhvhstdgdhotls usmcls ho hn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. @MPDOK = =0 0/1 31

@MPDOK 9 4 8/1 3;

SXIDOK 0 =/9 =8,1

Cdíghtrl olgd omn (Do) (Do) Uhsl plr p dh (ni /ft) Nlokdtu c prlghcdl ch uom 35 35 35  ju otm ot m (ft (ft)) Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

01

 

Sminm ;.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM = phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=;93. FXM = fh`am 4-fhi =5-fhi ==-fhi =9-fhi =0-fhi =3-fhi =8-fhi =6-fhi =;-fhi =1-fhi

Lphrm`dðo. phrflrð `lo IAM = ch 3=— m 368—   Vdmjh ch IAM = ch 368— m 5—   @lrrdcm ch `msdok =, ch 5— m 360—   Vdmjh IAM 9 chsch 5— m 303—   Uhrflrð sh``dðo 9 ch 303— m =085—   phrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 9 ch =085— m 35=0—   Uhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 9 ch 35=0— m 318=—   Vdmjh ch IAM 9 ch 318=— m =98;—   Vdmjh ch IAM 9 =98;— m 5—   @lrrdcm ch @msdok ch 5— m 3185—   Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 5— m =01—   Vdmjh IAM 0 ch =01— m 318=—   Uhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 0 ch 318=— m 818;—   Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 818;— m 8564—   Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 8564— m 818;—   Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 818;— m 5—   @lrrdcm tuidok ch 5— m 0890—

93-fhi Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 9.=.0 H-;99. Hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo ch ;85 AU gh`íod`l, ho hsth hqudpl sh vhrdfd`ð hn hstmcl ch nms pmrths quh `lgploho hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh `lgl pmrth chn lijhtdvl =, nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtm „Hstrhnnm tlo gdnh‗ `mn`unm hn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl y hn

lijhtdvl ch `lrth m pmrtdr ch nls cmtls quh sh hxploho ho nm tminm 1, phrflrð hn plzl FXM 9 ho hn `umn sh tminm tlgð uo pNms rlghcdl ch nls IAM—s y rhvhstdgdhotls usmcls y hsth sh guhstrm ho nm 4. prlghcdl lphrm`dlohs rhnhvmoths quh mkrhkmo chskmsth

lphrmtdvl mn `minh ho nm phrflrm`dðo ch hsth plzl sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm =5 y nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms dod`dmnhs chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo quh usm hn hqudpl sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm ==. Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh‗ sh mpnd`ð ho hsth hqudpl ch gmohrm cdrh`tm curmoth nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 9 y sh rhmndzmrlo pruhims vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs cdghosdlomnhs y ch trm``dðo mn `minh pmrm chthrgdomr su hstmcl.

04

 

Sminm 1.  @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-;99 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl hoahirmc l y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth.

Hqudpl Cdíghtrl tmgilr chn gmnm`mth. (Do) Mnturm ch nm tlrrh (ft).

H-;99 =1 ==1

@motdcmc ch nçohms. =5 Cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh. (Do) = =/1 Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 Sminm 4. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's prlghcdl usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 9 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-;99. Ulzl @mrm`thrçstd` @m rm`thrçstd` m Crdnn pdph Hosmginmjh vdmjhrl

FXM 9

Crdnn Crdnn `lnnmr `lnnmr = 9 Crdnn `lnnmr 0 Ahmvy whdkat Crdnn pdph Nlcl ch phrflrm`dðo

Uhsl Uhsl =3 (ni/ft) 93555 (ni)

Nlokdtu Nlo kdtu c O/M O/M

45 (ni/ft) 5 5 94 (ni/ft) 4 ppk

9555 (ft) 5 =;8 (ft) O/M

Umrmcm O/M 69 (ft) Yhvhstdgdhotl 90 (ni/ft) 35 (ft/juotm) Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

35

 

Sminm =5.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 9 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-;99. FXM 9 Fh`am 8-hoh

Lphrm`dðo Uhrflrð chsch 5' m 96;'

Vdmjh chsch 96;' m 5' Imjð `msdok ch 5' m 939' Vdmjh chsch 5' m 988' Uhrflrð chsch 988' m 660' 6-hoh Uhrflrð chsch 660' m 90=0' Vdmjh chsch 90=0' m 990' Vdmjh chsch 990' m 90=0' phrflrð chsch 90=0' m 9898' ;-hoh phrflrð chsch 9898' m 3==3' 1-hoh phrflrð chsch 3==3' m 315=' vdmjh chsch 315=' m 5' Imjð `msdok ch 5' m 3;48' 4-hoh Vdmjh chsch 5' m 3;1;' Vdmjh chsch 3;1;' m 5' =5-hoh vdmjh chsch 5' m 315=' ==-hoh phrflrð chsch 315=' m 8;08' Vdmjh chsch 8;08' m 5' Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 Sminm ==.  Cdíghtrl y thosdðo ch rupturm chn `minh chn H-;99 pmrm pruhims ho `locd`dðo ch ouhvl. @minh @m inh

Cdíghtrl dod` dod`dmn dmn (D (Do) o)

Shosdðo Sh osdðo ch rupturm

dod`dmn (nif) H-;99, = =/1" =/1" 6x=4 HDU =,=;8 =098==,= rdkat Yh Yhkunmr kunmr nmy Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 9.=.3 H-=998. Hqudpl ch phrflrm`dðo ch =855 AU gh`íod`l, ho hsth hqudpl sh vhrdfd`ð hn hstmcl ch nms pmrths quh `lgploho hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh `lgl pmrth chn lijhtdvl =, nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtm „Hstrhnnm tlo gdnh‗ `mn`unm hn `minh gçodgl ch

hoahirmcl y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth m pmrtdr ch nls cmtls quh sh hxploho ho nm tminm =9, phrflrð hn plzl FXM 0 ho hn `umn sh tlgð uo prlghcdl ch nls IAM—s y rhvhstdgdhotls usmcls y hsth sh guhstrm ho nm tminm =0. Nms lphrm`dlohs rhnhvmoths quh mkrhkmo chskmsth lphrmtdvl lphrmtd vl mn `minh ho nm phrflrm`dðo ch hsth plzl sh ho` ho`uhotrmo uhotrmo ho nm tminm

3=

 

=3 y nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms dod`dmnhs chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo quh usm hn hqudpl sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm =8 . Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh‗ sh mpnd`ð ho hsth hqudpl ch gmohrm cdrh`tm curmoth nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 0 y sh rhmndzmrlo pruhims vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs y ch trm``dðo mn `minh pmrm chthrgdomr su hstmcl. Sminm =9. @mrm`thrçstd`ms chn hqudpl H-=998 pmrm hn `ín`unl chn `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl hoahirmc l y hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth.

Hqudpl H-=998 Cdíghtrl tmgilr chn gmnm`mth. (Do) 98 Mnturm ch nm tlrrh (ft). =9; @motdcmc ch nçohms. =9 Cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh. (Do) = =/3 Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 Sminm =0. @mrm`thrçstd`ms ch nls IAM's prlghcdl usmcls ho nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl

FXM 0 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. Ulzl @mrm`thrç @m rm`thrçstd`m std`m Crdnn pdph Hosmginmjh vdmjhrl Crdnn `lnnmr = Crdnn `lnnmr 9 Crdnn `lnnmr 0 Ahmvy whdkat Crdnn pdph

FXM 0 Uh Uhsl sl =4,8 (ni/ft) 09555 (ni) 49 (ni/ft) 49 (ni/ft) 5 34,8 (ni/ft)

Nlokdtu c O/M O/M =55 (ft) =95 (ft) 5 855 (ft)

Nlcl ch phrflrm`dðo 4 ppk O/M Umrmcm O/M 43 (ft) Yhvhstdgdhotl 94 (ni/ft) 35 (ft/juotm) Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

39

 

Sminm =3.  Lphrm`dlohs iísd`ms rhmndzmcms pmrm nm phrflrm`dðo chn plzl FXM 0 phrflrmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. FXM 0 Fh`am 6-mkl

Lphrm`dðo Uhrflrð ch 5' m 9931'

;-mkl 1-mkl 4-mkl

Vdmjh ch 9931' m 5' Imjl `msdok ch 5' m 993= Vdmjh ch 5' m 9=15' Uhrflrð ch 9=15' m 9931' Vdmjh ch 9931' m 5' =5-mkl vdmjh ch 5' m 9931' ==-=9 ==-= 9 mkl Uhrflrð ch 9931' m ;16=' =0-mkl Vdmjh ch ;16=' m 5' =3-mkl Imjl `msdok ch 5' m ;183' Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 Sminm =8.  Cdíghtrl y thosdðo ch rupturm chn `minh chn H-=998 pmrm pruhims ho `locd`dðo ch ouhvl. @minh @m inh

Cdíghtrl dod`dmn dod `dmn (D (Do) o)

Shosdðo Sh osdðo ch rupturm dod`dmn (nif)

H-=998, = =/3" =/3" 6x=4 HDU =,94 =65400 rdkat Yh Yhkunmr kunmr nmy Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 9.9

HPUH@DFD@M@DLOHP HPUH@DFD@M@DLOHP ]XH MFH@SMO NM DOSHKY DOSHKYDCMC DCMC CHN @MI @MINH NH

Hn chskmsth gh`íod`l plr nm dothrm``dðo hotrh hn sdsthgm ch nhvmotmgdhotl y hn `minh hstí rhnm`dlomcl rhnm`d lomcl `lo hn iuho hstmcl ch nms plnhms, hn tmgilr tmgil r chn gmnm`mth y hn mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm=1. Hn íokunl ch hotrmcm m nm prdghrm plnhm hs uo vmnlr quh chfdoh hn fmird`moth chn hqudpl, nl `umn am`h quh shm hn m`lrch pmrm nm lphrm`dðo chn `minh y ol mfh`tm nm dothkrdcmc ch hsth. Ch nm gdsgm flrgm nm nlokdtuc chn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth hstí chfdodcl plr hn fmird`moth y ol mfh`tm nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh. Ph hvmnumrlo nms `locd`dlohs ho quh sh ho`uhotrmo nms plnhms, hn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth y hn mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm m pmrtdr ch dosph``dlohs rhmndzmcms plr hgprhsms hsph`dmndzmcms, nms `umnhs mshkurmo hn `lrrh`tl fuo`dlomgdhotl ch tlcl hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. Nls hqudpls lijhtdvl pmrm hstm pruhim fuhrlo: H-;5;, H-;99, H=998 y H-=;93. =1

MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955;  DOSHYOMSDLOMN @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 pp. =0-=3 

30

 

9.9.= Ulnhms. Umrm hvdtmr chskmsth chn `minh plr uo íokunl guy prlouo`dmcl, sh rh`lgdhocm quh hn cdíghtrl ch nms plnhms shm gçodgl ch 95 vh`hs hn cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh y tmo krmoch `lgl hn hqudpl nl phrgdtm. Nm prlfuocdcmc gíxdgm ch nm kmrkmotm ch nm plnhm hs ch =,;8 vh`hs hn cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh =4 y sh chih mshkurmr quh imjl hn pmtrðo (kmnkm) ol hxdstm odokúo pmsl ch nuz (Fdkurm 1). Fdkurm 1. Ulnhm chfh`tulsm plr pmsl ch nuz.

Fuhoth:  MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Mpnd`m`dðo, `udcmcl y usl ch `minhs pmrm shrvd`dl phtrlnhrl,=0 hcd`dlo. XPM: MUD 4i, 95== pp. 99 9.9.9 9.9. 9 Smgilr chn gmnm`mth y m mo`nm o`nm ch nm nçnçohm ohm guhrtm.  Hn hstmcl lphrmtdvl chn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth y hn mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm chphoch cdrh`tmghoth ch `ðgl hs su hstru`turm dothrom, pmrm chthrgdomr sd tdhoh mnkúo fmnnl sh hgpnhmo tä`od`ms ch dosph``dðo `lgl pmrtç`unms gmkoätd`ms, tdotms phohtrmoths hotrh ltrms. Nm prlfuocdcmc gíxdgm gíxdg m ch nls `momnhs chn tmgilr y hn mo`nm hs ch =,= vh`hs hn cdíghtrl

=4

  MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Mpnd`m`dðo, `udcmcl y usl ch `minhs pmrm shrvd`dl phtrlnhrl,=0 hcd`dlo. XPM: MUD 4i, 95== pp. 9=

33

 

olgdomn chn `minh95 (Fdkurm 4). Nms dosph``dlohs ho `locd`dðo „lphrmtdvl‗ guhstrmo quh nls hqudpls sh ho`uhotrmo plr chimjl chn chskmsth gíxdgl. Fdkurm 4. Chskmsth gíxdgl ho `momnhs pmrm tmgilrhs y mo`nms.

Fuhoth:  NHIXP DOSHYOMSDLOMN DO@LYULYMSDLO, Krllvh dosph`tdlo. XPM:

Shxms 95== C[K: U091;-85= U 091;-85=M, M, @D: =;;41 9.0

AHYYMGDHOSM AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDS CDKDSMN MN HPSYHNNM SLO GDNH

Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh hs uom ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn quh phrgdth hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm ch flrgm ðptdgm ho `mgpl, mcd`dlomnghoth `mn`unm nm cdstmo`dm ch `minh m `lrrhr y `lrtmr shkúo shm nm `motdcmc ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm m`ugunmcm ho hn `minh. Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn ndgdtm nm m`ugunm`dðo ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm m pmrtdr chn lijhtdvl ch `lrth cmcl plr hn fmird`moth. 9.0.= 9.0. = Cdshýl ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkd tmn. Hn slftwmrh fuh chsmrrlnnmcl chsmrrl nnmcl ho hn nhokumjh Vdsumn imsd` .oht ho Vdsumn stucdl `lgguodty 95=4 hn `umn hs uo DCH krmtudtl pmrm hstucdmoths, `lnmilrmclrhs ch `ðcdkl midhrtl y usumrdls pmrtd`unmrhs. Hn usumrdl chn prlkrmgm Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh chih mshkurmr nm nd`ho`dm ch lffd`h y [doclws ho nls hqudpls cloch sh hjh`utmrí hn prlkrmgm.

Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh sh imsm ho nms h`um`dlohs prlpuhstms plr nm DMC@ ho su gmoumn CYDNNDOK GMOXMN9=  y ho nm MUD YU 4I, cloch sh hxploh hn gätlcl pmrm nm `umotdfd`m`dðo chn chskmsth gh`íod`l chn `minh m pmrtdr ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm.

95 NHIXP DOSHYOMSDLOMN DO@LYULYMSDLO,

Krllvh dosph`tdlo. XPM: Shxms 95== C[K: U091;-

85=M, @D: =;;41 9=

MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK 95= 8  DOSHYOMSDLOMN @ampthr wdrh rlph . DPIO: 4;1-5-44=8548-;-;   @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8

38

 

chidcl m quh hn gätlcl mothrdlr `umotdfd`m úod`mghoth hn chskmsth lphrmtdvl chn `minh, sh chih mshkurmr quh hn chskmsth gh`íod`l shm uo vmnlr chsprh`dminh ho hn `minh ho cloch sh puhch mprlxdgmr hn chskmsth lphrmtdvl mn chskmsth tltmn. Mn mirdr nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh sh chih shnh``dlomr ho quä tdpl ch hqudpl sh ho`uhotrm2 phrflrm`dðo l wlrblvhr (fdkurm =5), chspuäs, sh chspndhkm uom pmotmnnm ho nm `umn chih shnh``dlomr hn hqudpl ho hn quh sh ho`uhotrm (fdkurm ==), fdomnghoth sh chspndhkm nm pmotmnnm cloch sh puhcho rhmndzmr nls `ín`unls ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm `mcm uom ch nms lphrm`dlohs (fdkurm =9). Fdkurm =5 =5.. Umotmnnm dod`dmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh.

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM Slo-gdnh 

36

 

Fdkurm == ==.. Phnh``dðo ch tdpl ch hqudpl ho lphrm`dðo ho Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh.

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM Slo-gdnh Fdkurm =9. Umotmnnm pmrm hn `ín`unl ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm ho nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Hstrhnn m Slogdnh.

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM Slo-gdnh

3;

 

Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn fuh prlimcm ch flrgm docdrh`tm rhmndzmocl nm sdgunm`dðo ch nm phrflrm`dðo ch uo plzl rhmn y `lgpmrmocl `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn prhhxdsthoth, mchgís sh prlið ho cls hqudpls ch flrgm cdrh`tm curmoth nms lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo y `lgpnhtmgdhotl. 9.0.9 9.0. 9 Fuo`dl omgdhotl ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdk cdkdtmn. dtmn. Nm ahrrmgdhotm sh cdshýð pmrm quh dothromghoth rhmnd`h nls `ín`unls oh`hsmrdls pmrm chthrgdomr nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm, `mn`unh nm nlokdtuc ch `lrrdcm y `lrth shkúo shm hn hqudpl y nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm m`ugunmcm y nm `motdcmc ch `minh rhgmohoth ho hn `mrrhth (Fdkurm =0). Fdkurm =0 =0.. Cdmkrmgm ch fnujl fuo`dlomgdhot fuo`dlomgdhotll ch Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm. 9.0.0 @ín`u 9.0.0 @ín`unl nl ch nm Slohnmc Slohnmcm-gdnn m-gdnnm. m. Chidcl m quh ol sh puhch utdndzmr uo `minh amstm su rlturm, sh hgpnhm hn gätlcl ch tlohnmcm gdnnm pmrm thohr uo vmnlr mprlxdgmcl slirh hn chskmsth m`tumn. Hsth sh rhfdhrh mn nhvmotmgdhotl ch uo phsl ho tlohnmcms `lrtms (9555 ni) m nl nmrkl ch uom gdnnm (=,6 Bg, 8915 Ft). Umrm plchr `umotdfd`mr hsth vmnlr, hs oh`hsmrdl `umotdfd`m `umotdfd`mrr hn `d`nl ch tlcms nms lphrm`dlohs quh

31

 

`lgploho nm phrflrm`dðo thodhocl ho `uhotm nm nlokdtuc ch nm pmrmcm y hn phsl 99. Nms lphrm`dlohs quh puhcho mkrhkmr uo chskmsth lphrmtdvl mn `minh slo:    

Vdmjh `lgpnhtl Lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dð phrflrm`dðoo

           

Lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl Imjmcm ch `msdok Imjmcm ch ndohr Vdmjh `lrtl y lphrm`dl lphrm`dlohs ohs ch phs`m Lphrm`dlohs ch gmrtdnnhl Shosdlomocl ho phkm ch tuihrçm

•

• • • • • • •

9.0.0.= Vdmjh `lgpnhtl. Hstm hs uom ch nms lphrm`dlohs gís `lguohs quh sh prhshotmo ho nms m`tdvdcmchs ch phrflrm`dðo, sdhocl vdmjh `lgpnhtl uo vdmjh ch dcm l vuhntm. Hstm lphrm`dðo hs nm imsh pmrm `mn`unmr nm tlohnmcm gdnnm ch tlcms nms lphrm`dlohs y sh ho`uhotrm hxprhsmcm ho nm h`um`dðo 9. Hn `ín`unl ch fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo ho nm h`um`dðo 0 hstí rhnm`dlomcl pmrm nls phsls sughrkdcls ch nm tuihrçm.  H`um`dðo 9. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lgpnhtl.   = (   + ) ( + 9 )    7  +   =5,865,555 9,635,555

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. ;3 [Y-M=. DPIO: 4;15-44=8548-;-;

Pd sh tdhoh IAM (gltlr ch flocl, G[C, ht`.) y A[CU, chih mkrhkmr hsh phsl ho `ín`unl tmgidäo `lgl uo crdnn `lnnmr mcd`dlomn. H`um`dðo 0. Fm`tlr ch fnltm`dðo.  7

68.8 ∙  68.8

 

Fuhoth: @HOKHN, Tuous M (9555). Gh`íod`m ch fnudcls. p 4=

99

MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955;  DOSHYOMSDLOMN @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 3 pp. = 

34

 

9.0.0. 9.0. 0.9 9 Lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`d ðo. Nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo `lo tlp crdvh puhch `umotdfd`mrsh ho nm h`um`dðo 3.  H`um`dðo 3. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo `lo tlp crdvh.   7 (( ∙ ) ∛ (0 ∛  + 3))/(=5865555) 

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. 05. DPIO: 4;1-544=8548-;-; 9.0.0. 9.0. 0.0 0 Lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl. `lr mzlomgdhotl. Umrm `umotdfd`mr hn chskmsth plr lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl sh pmrth ch nms lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lgpnhtl y sh mch`um shkúo nm h`um`dðo 8.  H`um`dðo 8. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch `lrmzlomgdhotl.    7 9( ∙  ) 

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. ;8 [Y-M9. DPIO: 4;15-44=8548-;-; 9.0.0.3 Imjmc 9.0.0.3 Imjmcm m ch `msdok `msd ok.. M pmrtdr ch nm chfdod`dðo chn vdmjh rhclocl sh litdhoh nm h`um`dðo 6.  H`um`dðo 6. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch imjmcm ch `msdok.     7

(  + ) )  ∛ =⁃9     + 9,635,555 =5,865,555

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. ;8 [Y-M9. DPIO: 4;15-44=8548-;-;

85

 

9.0.0.8 Imjmc 9.0.0.8 Imjmcm m ch ndndohr. ohr. Shodhocl ho `uhotm nm h`um`dðo 6, slnl sh glcdfd`mrío nls pmríghtrls ch `msdok m ndohr `lgl sh guhstrm ho nm h`um`dðo ;. H`um`dðo ;. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch imjmcm ch ndohr.      7

(   + ) )  ∛ =⁃9  +   9,635,555 =5,865,555

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. ;8 [Y-M9. DPIO: 4;15-44=8548-;-; 9.0.0. 9.0. 0.6 6 Vdmjh `lr `lrtl tl y lphrm`dlo hs ch phs`m. Hn vdmjh `lrtl puhch shr ch uom prlfuocdcmcc gmylr m uom gholr l vd`hvhrsm.  M pmrtdr chn vdmjh rhclocl sh `umotdfd`m prlfuocdcm nm tlohnmcm gdnnm pmrm vdmjh `lrtl. Chidcl m nm sdgdndtuc ch hstm lphrm`dðo `lo nm lphrm`dðo ch phs`m nm DMC@ dkumnm nm phs`m y hn vdmjh `lrtl m nm h`um`dðo 1. H`um`dðo 1. Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lrtl.     7 ( ∙ ) 

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. ;8 [Y-M9. DPIO: 4;15-44=8548-;-; 9.0.0. 9.0. 0.; ; Lphrm`dlohs ch gmrtdnn gmrtdnnhl. hl. Ol hxdsth uo `ín`unl cdrh`tl cloch sh puhcm `umotdfd`mr hn vmnlr ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch gmrtdnnhl, sdo hgimrkl, nm DMC@90 rhmndzm uom mcmptm`dðo pmrm `mn`unmr hn chskmsth chn `minh m pmrtdr ch hstms lphrm`dlohs, cloch, chphocdhocl hn gmrtdnnl „iugphr jmr‗ (Mohxl M), l gmrtdnnl tdpl „ldn jmr‗ (Mohxl I), nm prlfuocdcmc chn gmrtdnnl y hn tdpl ch tuihrçm sh puhch rhmndzmr

uo mprlxdgmcl. Umrm thohr ho `uhotm hstm lphrm`dðo ho nm prlkrmgm`dðo ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn sh chcujhrlo nms h`um`dlohs h`um` dlohs m pmrtdr ch nms tminms cloch cm `lgl rhsuntmcl cm uom fuo`dðo pmrm `mcm tdpl ch tuihrçm. Ho nm tminm =6 sh guhstrmo nls tdpls ch tuihrçm y nms fuo`dlohs msdkomcms. 9.0.0.1 Shosd 9.0.0.1 Shosdlo lomocl mocl ho phkm ch tui hrçm. Ch dkumn gmohrm quh nm lphrm`dðo mothrdlr, ol hxdsth uo `ín`unl cdrh`tl pmrm chthrgdomr hn chskmsth ho tlohnmcm gdnnm pmrm nm lphrm`dðo ch thosdlomr curmoth uom phkm ch tuihrçm, sdo hgimrkl, ch nm gdsgm flrgm, nm DMC@93 chsmrrlnnð uoms mprlxdgm`dlohs cloch chphocdhocl hn cdíghtrl ch nm tuihrçm y nm prlfuocdcmc ch nm phkm sh puhch mprlxdgmr hsth vmnlr ch chskmsth (Mohxl @). Ch nm gdsgm gmohrm quh nm lphrm`dðo sh chcujhrlo nms h`um`dlohs m pmrtdr ch nms tminms cloch cm `lgl rhsuntmcl cm uom fuo`dðo pmrm

90 DOSHYOMSDLOMN

MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955;

@ampthr G Ph`tdlo ; p 3-8  93 Diçc pp. 3

8=

 

`mcm tdpl ch tuihrçm. Ho nm tminm =6 sh guhstrmo nls tdpls ch tuihrçm y nms fuo`dlohs msdkomcms pmrm hstm lphrm`dðo. Sminm =6. Fuo`dlohs pmrm hn `ín`unl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs hsph`dmnhs. Gmrtdnnhl

Uhkm ch tuihrçm

Cdíghtrl

Uhsl

Olgdomn ch nm tuihrçm

plr pdh (ni/ft)

Iugphr jmr

Ldn jmr

Fuo`dðo chcu`dcm pmrm thosdðo curmoth phkms ch tuihrçm

9-0/1" 9-;/1" 0-=/9"

6,68 =5,3 =0,0

y 7 0H-54x9 - 0H-58x + 5,=9=; y 7 8H-54x9 - 8H-58x + 5,=;8= y 7 6H-54x9 - 6H-58x + 5,9=6;

y 7 0H-54x9 + 0H-58x + 5,5559 y 7 0H-54x9 + 9H-58x + 5,55= y 7 0H-54x9 + 9H-58x + 5,5588

y 7 0H-54x9 + 9H-58x + 5,5938 y 7 0H-54x9 + 3H-56x + 5,53=; y 7 3H-54x9 - 3H-56x + 5,58=0

0-=/9" 3" 3-=/9" 3-=/9" 8"

=8,8 =3 =6,6 95 =4,8

y 7 ;H-54x9 - ;H-58x + 5,9301 y 7 6H-54x9 - ;H-58x + 5,9911 y 7 ;H-54x9 - 1H-58x + 5,9614 y 7 4H-54x9 - 4H-58x + 5,0541 y 7 4H-54x9 - 4H-58x + 5,05;

y 7 0H-54x9 + =H-58x - 5,5559 y 7 0H-54x9 + =H-58x + 5,5559 y 7 0H-54x9 + =H-58x - 6H-58 y 7 0H-54x9 + =H-58x - 5,5551 y 7 0H-54x9 + 4H-56x + 5,5514

y 7 3H-54x9 - 4H-56x + 5,5818 y 7 3H-54x9 - 6H-56x + 5,5834 y 7 3H-54x9 - =H-58x + 5,56;4 y 7 3H-54x9 - 9H-58x + 5,5;13 y 7 3H-54x9 - 9H-58x + 5,5;66

8-=/9" 8-=/9"

9=,4 93,;

y 7 =H-51x9 - 5,555=x + 5,03; y 7 =H-51x9 - 5,555=x + 5,013=

y 7 0H-54x9 + =H-58x + 5,5551 y 7 0H-54x9 + 4H-56x - ;H-58

y 7 8H-54x9 - 9H-58x + 5,51;8 y 7 8H-54x9 - 0H-58x + 5,5444

6-8/1"

98,9

y 7 =H-51x9 - 5,555=x + 5,353;

y 7 0H-54x9 + 1H-56x + 5,55=3

y 7 8H-54x9 - 0H-58x + 5,=530

Fuhoth: =9 DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK gmoumn, hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph@LOSYM@SLYP. pp. 64-;5 [Y-M9.Crdnndok DPIO: 4;1-5-44=8548-;-; 9.0.3 9.0. 3 Urlkr Urlkrmgm mgm ch `lrrdc `lr rdcm m y `lrth. Hn vmnlr ðptdgl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm `lrrhr y `lrtmr hstí hstrh`amghoth rhnm`dlomcl `lo hn hstmcl chn sdsthgm ch nhvmoth, sdo hgimrkl, nm DMC@98  prlploh uo „lijhtdvl‗ ch tlohnmcm -gdnnm plr pdh `lrtmcl. Hsth vmnlr chphoch chn cdíghtrl chn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth y hn cdíghtrl cdíghtr l olgdomn chn `minh, mchgís sh chih thohr ho `uhotm nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms chn `minh pmrm chfdodr hn vmnlr ch hsth. Nls lijhtdvls ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm plr pdh `lrtmcl pmrm tlcls nls `msls sh mkrupmo ho nm tminm =;.

98 Diçc,

sh`tdlo 3 pp. 4

89

89

 

Sminm =;. Lijhtdvl ch `lrth

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 3 pp.4

M pmrtdr ch nm tminm =;, nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn guhstrm nm `motdcmc ch `minh quh sh chih `lrrhr y `lrtmr shkúo nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm m`ugunmcm y nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms chn `minh. Umrm nçohms ch ;/1‗ sh usm uo lijhtdvl ch `lrth ch 6 96. Ph `lgprlimrlo nls lijhtdvls ch `lrth ho nls hqudpls H-;99 y H-=998 cloch nms pruhims ch nmilrmtlrdl chglstrmrmoo nm hfh`tdvdcmc ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn. chglstrmrm 9.0.8 @motdcmc ch `minh ch hoahirmcl.   Nm `motdcmc gçodgm ch `minh quh oh`hsdtm uo hqudpl sh `mn`unm m pmrtdr ch nm h`um`dðo 4, cloch, pmrm `umotdfd`mr hsth vmnlr sh sugmo nms sdkudhoths cdstmo`dms:

@motdcmc ch `minh gçodgl ho hn gmnm`mth: chih shr gçodgl =5 vuhntms ch `minh ho hn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth pmrm prhvhodr chsndzmgdhotls chsndzmgdhotls9;. Cdstmo`dm ch nm nçohm rípdcm: Ho flrgm khohrmn chphoch ch nm cdstmo`dm chn gmnm`mth mn `hotrl chn plzl, pmrm tärgdols prí`td`ls, nls hqudpls quh plshho uom pltho`dm gholr m =555 AU, hs dkumn m uo =58% ch nm mnturm ch nm tlrrh, y pmrm hqudpls `lo uom pltho`dm gmylr ch =555 AU hs dkumn m uo =59% ch nm mnturm ch nm tlrrh. Cdstmo`dm ch nms nçohms hotrh hn inlquh `lrlom y hn inlquh vdmjhrl: Hs nm guntdpnd`m`dðo ch nm `motdcmc ch nçohms quh hxdstho hotrh nls cls inlquhs plr nm cdstmo`dm ch `mcm uom ch hstms nçohms.

96 9; DMC@.  DUA KNLIMN. @minhs9ch Lp.`dt, sh`tdlo pp.m`hrl =

pmrm nm docustrdm phtrlnhrm, Php. 95==. Mrkhotdom: DUA, 95== p. 6

80

 

Cdstmo`dm ch nm nçohm guhrtm: Umrm tärgdols prí`td`ls hs dkumn mn =58% ch nm mnturm ch nm tlrrh. H`um`dðo 4. @motdcmc ch `minh gçodgm pmrm hoahirmcl.  7  (  (   +   + (ℏ ∙  ) ∛   + ) ∛ =,= 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn `mn`unm nm `motdcmc ch `minh quh rhgmohoth ho hn `mrrhth rhstmocl nls `lrths quh sh rhmndzmo m nl nmrkl chn tdhgpl y nm `motdcmc ch `minh gçodgl ch hoahirmcl ho `mcm hqudpl. Fdomnghoth, hn prlkrmgm khohrm uom mnhrtm `umocl quhch pl`l `minh ho hn `mrrhth pmrm slnd`dtmr uo `mrrhth ouhvl. 9.0.6 9.0. 6 Dgpnhghotm`dðo ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdk cdkdtmn. dtmn.  Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn fuh prlimcm ch flrgm cdrh`tm m cls hqudpls lphrmtdvls ch nm `lgpmýçm: (H-;99 y H=998) y ch flrgm docdrh`tm mn hqudpl H-=;93, sdgunmocl uom lphrm`dðo olrgmn ch phrflrm`dðo y `lgpmríoclnm `lo nls rhsuntmcls chn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth. 9.3

DOPUH@@DÐO DOPUH@@DÐO CHN @MIN H

Umrm nm vmndcm`dðo ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn, sh rhmndzmrlo dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs y pruhims ch thosdðo cloch sh hvmnuð nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh mn shr rhtdrmcl ch nls hqudpls H-=998 y H-;99, plsthrdlrghoth sh `lgpmrmrlo nms pruhims hotrh hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗.  9.3.= 9.3. = Dosph``d Dosph``dðo ðo vds vdsumn. umn. Hn gíxdgl chskmsth phrgdtdcl pmrm su lphrm`dðo slo 6 mnmgirhs rltls cdstrdiudcls ho nls tlrlohs m nl nmrkl ch uo pmsl l 0 mnmgirhs rltls ho uo gdsgl tlrðo m nl nmrkl ch uo pmsl. 91  9.3. 9. 3.9 9 Dosph``d Dosph``dðo ðo cdghosdlomn. cdghos dlomn.   Nm rhcu``dðo gíxdgm chn cdíghtrl dod`dmn chn `minh hs chn ;,8%n, sd curmoth nm dosph``dðo hsth vmnlr hs gholr, hn `minh chih shr rhgpnmzmcl doghcdmtmghoth94. 9.3.0 9.3. 0 Hosmyl ch trm``d ðo.   Nm pruhim `losdsth ho slghthr hn `minh amstm nm thosdðo ch rlturm pmrm chthrgdomr hn nçgdth lphrmtdvl chn gdsgl. Hstm pruhim sh hfh`tuð m nls hqudpls H-=998 y H-;99 m trmväs ch nm `lgpmýçm Hg`l`minhs. Ph

91 MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Yh`lgghochc Urm`td`h flr L``upmtdlomn Pmfhty flr Ldn moc Kms [hnn

Crdnndok moc Phrvd`dok Lphrmtdlos, 0 hcdtdlo. XPM: MUD YU 83, 955; p. =1 94

LYKMODZMSDLO FLY3054:95=; PSMOCMYCDZMSDLO. @rmoh-[drh rlphs-@mrh moc gmdothomo`h,   DOSHYOMSDLOMN dosph`tdlo moc cds`mrc, 8 hcdtdlo. XPM: DPL p. 95 

83

 

rhmndzð uom `lgpmrm`dðo hotrh hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nm ahrrmgdhotm „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗ pmrm chthrgdomr `uín `loshrvm ghjlr nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms chn `minh.

9.8

KXÇM GHSLCL GHSLCLNLKD@M NLKD@M CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP

Nm kuçm ghtlclnðkd`m ch iuhoms prí`td`ms sh ho`uhotrm ho su tltmndcmc ho hn mohxl D. Umrm su rhmndzm`dðo sh tlgmrlo `lgl rhfhrho`dm nms olrgms MUD PUH@ 4M, MUD YU 4I, DMC@ y Yh`lghocm`dlohs ch fmird`moth. Nm kuçm sh ho`uhotrm cdvdcdcm ho 8 `mpçtunls nls `umnhs slo:  

•

 

•

 

•

 

•

 

•

@lgprm: sh tdhoh ho `uhotm nms rhsph`tdvms rhsph`tdv ms dosph``dloh dosph``dlohss dod`dmnhs chn `minh mn dkumn quh nm rhvdsdðo ch nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms ` mrm`thrçstd`ms cmcms cmcms plr hn fmird`moth ho nms fd`ams hgdtdcms plr hn gdsgl. Mngm`homg Mngm`homgdhotl: dhotl: sh `lothgpnm nls pmríghtrls hxdkdcls pmrm hn mprlpdmcl mngm`homjh `lgl nl slo hn hvdtmr mgidhoths quh puhcm mfh`tmr nm hstru`turm chn `minh hotrh ltrls. Xsl: sh hstminh`ho nls prl`hcdgdho prl`hcdgdhotls tls pmrm nm utdndzm`dðo utdndzm`d ðo chn `minh `lgl nl slo hn hoahirmcl, nm `lrrdcm, hn `lrth, hn mo`nmjh, hn chshorlnnh, hn horlnnh ho hn gmnm`mth, y nms hsph`dfd`m`dlohs ch usl ho nls hqudpls quh khohrho uo chskmsth l uom pärcdcm ch nms `mpm`dcmchs chn `minh. Dosph`` Dosph``dðo: dðo: sh `nmsdfd`m `nmsdfd`mo o plr nls tdpls ch dosph``dðo m rhmndzmr quh `lrrhsplocho m nm dosph``dðo vdsumn, nm dosph``dðo cdghosdlomn y nms pruhims ch thosdðo rhmndzmcms mn `minh. Gmothodgdhotl Gmothodgdhotl:: sh hstdpunmo nms lphrm`dlohs ch gmothodgdhotl quh phrgdtmo uom `lrrh`tm lphrm`dðo chn `minh pmrm hn mprlvh`amgd mprlvh`amgdhotl hotl ch sus `mpm`dcmchs.

88

 

0. YHPXNSMCLP T MOÍNDPDP MOÍ NDPDP

M `lotdoum`dðo, sh prhshotmo nls rhsuntmcls ch nms dosph``dlohs m hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh ch nls hqudpls H-;5;, H-;99, H=998 y H-=;932 nls `umnhs, mvmnmo hn usl chn gätlcl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm `umotdfd`mr hn chskmsth chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo mchgís, sh guhstrm hn `lgplrtmgdhotl ch nm ahrrmgdhotm „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗  prlimcm ch gmohrm docdrh`tm mn hqudpl H-=;93 y ch flrgm cdrh`tm m nls hqudpls HH;99 y H-=998 cloch m pmrtdr ch dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs y hosmyls ch trm``dðo sh chthrgdoð nm hfh`tdvdcmc ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn. 0.=

DOPUH@ DOPUH@@DÐO @DÐO CHN PDPSH PDPSHGM GM CH DZMJH DZMJ H

Shodhocl ho `uhotm nm olrgmtdvdcmc ch dosph``dðo chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh hxpuhstm ho hn `mpçtunl mothrdlr sh hvmnúmo hvmnúm o nms `locd`dlohs lphrmtdvms ch tlcl hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh y su do`dcho`dm ho hn chskmsth chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo. 0.=.= Ulnhms.  Nls rhsuntmcls ch nms dosph``dlohs rhmndzmcms m nms plnhms ch nls hqudpls H-;5;, H-;99, H-=998 y H-=;93 sh hxploho ho nm tminm =1. nls rhplrths ch dosph``dðo `lgpnhtls pmrm plnhms ch nls inlquhs vdmjhrls y nm `lrlom sh ho`uhotrmo ho hn mohxl C.

86

 

Sminm =1. Cdíghtrl ch nms kmrkmotms ch nms plnhms shkúo dosph``dðo. Inlquh vdmjhrl (Do) Ulnhm = Ulnhm 9 Ulnhm 0 Ulnhm 3 Ulnhm 8 Ulnhm 6

=,;09 =,;00 =,;00 =,;00

Inlquh vdmjhrl (Do) Ulnhm = Ulnhm 9 Ulnhm 0 Ulnhm 3 Ulnhm 8 Ulnhm 6 Ulnhm ;

=,1=6 =,139 =,466 9 =,4=0

H-;5; Inlquh `lrlom (Do) =,;;8 =,638 =,185 =,88= =,60; H-=998 Inlquh `lrlom (Do) =,169 =,;=6 =,4=0 =,;10 9,569 =,;4=

H-;99  Mntu  Mn turm rm Gmx (Do)

Inlquh vdmjhrl (Do)

Inlquh `lrlom (Do)

 Mn tu turm rm Gmx (Do)

=,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8

=,643 =,698 =,8 =,66; =,686

=,;=1 =,68; =,611 =,;93 =,130 =,1=0 H-=;93

=,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8 =,461;8

 Mntu  Mn turm rm Gmx (Do)

Inlquh vdmjhrl (Do)

Inlquh `lrlom (Do)

 Mn tu turm rm Gmx (Do)

9,=1;8 9,=1;8 9,=1;8 9,=1;8 9,=1;8

9,5=9 9,9== 9,=38 9,5=4 9,50

9,5=3 9,513 9,5=; 9,5=3 9,=66

9,35698 9,35698 9,35698 9,35698 9,35698

9,=1;8

9,=61

9,59; 9,9;1

9,35698 9,35698

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

Shodhocl ho `uhotm hn cdíghtrl olgdomn ch nls `minhs usmcls ho `mcm hqudpl, sh `mn`unm nm mnturm gíxdgm quh puhch thohr nm kmrkmotm ch `mcm plnhm, guntdpnd`mocl hn cdíghtrl olgdomn chn `minh plr =,;8 (Sminm 6). Nls rhsuntmcls rhs untmcls guhstrmo quh tlcms nms ghcd`dlohs rhmndzmcms m nms plnhms tmotl chn inlquh vdmjhrl `lgl ch nm `lrlom sh ho`uhotrmo chotrl ch nm tlnhrmo`dm ch nm olrgm MUD05, mchgís, tlcms nms dosph``dlohs cmo `lgl `locd`dðo fdomn „lphrmtdvl‗ chidcl m quh im jl nm dosph``dðo chn pmtrðo (kmnkm) ol auil odokúo pmsl ch nuz. Nl mothrdlr chguhstrm quh nm dothrm``dðo chn `minh `lo nms plnhms khohrm uo chskmsth gçodgl y pl`l sdkodfd`mtdvl pmrm hn `minh. 0.=.9 Smgilr chn gmnm`mth y mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm. Nms dosph``dlohs `lgpnhtms chn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth y hn mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm pmrm `mcm hqudpl sh ho`uhotrmo ho hn mohxl H. Ulr tärgdols ch `lofdcho`dmndc `lofdcho`dmndcmc mc nms dosph``dlohs ol guhstrmo nms cdghosdlohs ch nls `momnhs ch nls tmgilrhs, sdo hgimrk hgimrkl, l, cmo `lgl `locd`dðo fdomn „lphrmtdvl‗ nl quh chguhstrmo quh `ugpnho nm olrgm ch chskmsth

05

  MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Mpnd`m`dðo, `udcmcl y usl ch `minhs pmrm shrvd`dl phtrlnhrl,=0 hcd`dlo. XPM: MUD 4i, 95== pp. 9=

8;

 

Nhius Dothromtdlomn Do`lrplrmtdlo0=. Krm`dms m nl mothrdlr sh puhch `lo`nudr quh hn chskmsth chn `minh hstm cmcl plr nm lphrm`dðo chn hqudpl y ol plr nm dothrm``dðo `lo hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. 0.9

HGXNM@DÐO @LO NM AHYYMGDHO AHYYMGDHOSM SM CDKDSMN

Nls rhsuntmcls ch nm Hgunm`dðo ho `lgpmrm`dðo `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm prhhxdsthoth sh ho`uhotrmo rhfhrho`dmcls ho nm tminm =4, hn doflrgh khohrmcl plr nm ahrrmgdhotm „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗ sh ho`uhotrm ho hn mohxl F.

0=

 NHIXP DO@LYULYMSDLO, Krllvh dosph`tdlo. XPM: Shxms 95== C[K: U091;85=M, @D: DOSHYOMSDLOMN =;;41

81

 

Sminm =4.  Yhsuntmcls hgunmcls chn hqudpl H-=;93 pmrm hn plzl FXM = `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nm ahrrmgdho ahrrmgdhotm tm „Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh‗.  Fh`am

Plftwmrh prhhxdsthoth . (Slo- gdnnm)

Hstrhnnm Slogdnh. gdn h. (Slo(Slogdnnm)

=4,31

;,33

;,=

;,=

8,6;

0,;0

-;,14

;,14

83,68

90,9=

=41,68

46,93

;0,64

09,46

ft. ft m =98; ft. Vdmjh ch IAM 9318= ch 318=

49,;;

49,;1

Vdmjh ch IAM 9 =98; ft m 5 ft.

93,;

93,;=

@lrrdcm ch @msdok ch 5 m 3185 ft 4 8/1".

==3,=;

=95,;;

Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 5ft m =01 ft.

-9,38

9,38

Vdmjh IAM 0 ch =01 ft m 318= ft.

-==9,89

==9,80

Lphrm`dðo.

4-fhi-95 Uhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo = `lo IAM = ch 3= ft m 368 ft. Vdmjh ch IAM = ch 368 ft m 5 ft. =5-fhi- @lrrdcm ch `msdok =, =0 0/1‗ ch 5 ft m 95 360 ft. ==-fhiVdmjh IAM 9 chsch 5 ft m 303 ft. 95 Uhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 9 ch 303 ft m =085 ft. =9-fhiUhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 9 ch =085 ft m 95 35=0 ft. =0-fhiUhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 9 ch 35=0 ft m 95 =3-fhi95 =8-fhi95 =6-fhi95 =;-fhi95 =1-fhi95

93-fhi95

Uhrflrm`dðo sh``dðo 0 ch 318= m 818; ft. Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 818; ft m 8564 ft. Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 8564 ft m 818; ft. Vdmjh IAM 0 ch 818; ft m 5 ft.

40,19

39,86

93,;= -93,;= =36,93

93,;= 93,;= =36,9;

@lrrdcm tuidok 0 =/9" ch 5 m 0890 ft.

34,4=

0;,;9

;8;,44 15;,;1 SLSMN =580,=0 15;,;1 SLSMN SLS MN VMNLY MI MIPLNXS PLNXSL L Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595 Nls rhsuntmcls ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo slo cdfhrhoths chidcl m quh hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth utdndzm uom úod`m h`um`dðo, nm `umn, am`h hn `ín`unl msugdhocl quh sh phrflrm `lo Bhnny, gdhotrms quh nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm

84

 

Slo-gdnh `mn`unm nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho phrflrm`dðo rhmndzmocl uom cds`rdgdom`dðo hotrh hn gh`modsgl ch phrflrm`dðo usmcl (tlp crdvh l Bhnny), hn sdsthgm quh sh usm m`tumnghoth ho nm gmylrçm ch nms phrflrm`dlohs hs hn sdsthgm tlp crdvh. Hn sdsthgm tlp crdvh rhcu`h nm `motdcmc ch glvdgdhotls rhmndzmcls plr hn inlquh vdmjhrl cdsgdouyhocl ho prlghcdl uo 86,=6%  nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm m`ugunmcm plr hstm lphrm`dðo. Umrm vdmjh `lrtl ch tuihrçm, nms cls ahrrmgdhotms usmo nm gdsgm h`um`dðo, sdo hgimrkl, hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth slnl cm `lgl rhsuntmcl vmnlrhs plsdtdvls `umocl nm smrtm sh chspnmzm chsch uom prlfuocdcmc gmylr m uom prlfuocdcmc gholr, nl mothrdlr am`h quh sh khohrh uo vmnlr ohkmtdvl `umocl sh tdhoh uom lphrm`dðo dovhrsm nl `umn ol hs `lahrhoth pmrm hn chskmsth lphrmtdvl ch uo `minh ch phrflrm`dðo. Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn khohrm vmnlrhs plsdtdvls dochphocdhoth ch nms prlfuocdcmchs prlfuocdcm chs m nms quh sh amym rhmndzmcl hn vdmjh `lrtl. Nms lphrm`dlohs ch `lrrdcm ch `msdok y `lrrdcm ch tuidok sh imsmo imjl nm gdsgm h`um`dðo, sdo hgimrkl, ol hs plsdinh chthrgdomr quä tdpl ch h`um`dðo usm hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth chidcl m quh hsth vmnlr ol rhprhshotm odokuom ch nms h`um`dlohs prlpuhstms ho nms olrgms MUD 4I 09 y hn Crdnndok Gmoumn prlpuhstl plr nm DMC@00, plr nl `umn sh `lo`nuyh quh hs uo hrrlr chn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth. Ph chguhstrm quh `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh sh lptdgdzm hn `ín`unl ch Slohnmcm Gdnnm y nm vdcm útdn chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, mn mjustmr nls rhsuntmcls m nms olrgms hstminh`dcms y rh`lol`dcms dothrom`dlomnghoth, hgpnhmcms `lgl slplrth ch hsth chsmrrlnnl. 0.0

VMNDCM@DÐO VMN DCM@DÐO CHN UYLTH@ UYLTH@SL SL

M `lotdoum`dðo, sh prhshotmo nls rhsuntmcls y moíndsds chn prlyh`tl, Ho nm krífd`m 0 y 3 sh prhshotmo nm m`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm nls plzls FXM 9 y FXM 0 rhmndzmcls plr nls hqudpls H-;99 y H-=998 rhsph`tdvmghoth. Ho nms tminms =0 y =3 sh prhshotmo nls rhsuntmcls ch nms pruhims ch nmilrmtlrdl rhmndzmcls m nls `minhs ch nls hqudpls H-;99 y H-=998 rhsph`tdvmghoth.

09

4I,Lp.`dt, Lp.`dt,@ampthr p. 98 00 MUD  DMC@,

G, sh`tdlo 1, p. 9

65

 

Krífd`m 0.  M`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 9 rhmndzmcl plr hn hqudpl H-;99. M`ugunm`dðo ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 9 =555

puotl cloch sh `ugpnh hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth pmrm nms cls ahrrmgdhotms cdkdtmnhs

455 155     m      n      n      d     g       m      c     m      n     h     o     l      S

;55 655 855 355 055 955 =55 5

Lphrm`dðo Plftwmrh pr prhhxdsthoth

Hstrhnnm Sl Slo-gdnh

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

Hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth pmrm hn hqudpl H-;99 `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth hs ch 163 tlohnmcm-gdnnm y sh `lrrho y `lrtmo ;9 ft ch `minh, hn lijhtdvl `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh hs ch ;56 tlohnmcm-gdnnm y sh `lrrho y `lrtmo 84 ft ch `minh. Nls vmnlrhs ch `lrrdcm y `lrth ch `minh, pmrm nls cls lijhtdvls, sh litdhoho `lo nms gdsgms lphrm`dlohs2 ho hsh lrcho ch dchms, sh dofdhrh quh sh hstí `lrtmocl gís nlokdtuc ch `minh quh hn rhquhrdcl, plr `umotl hn trmimjl ch hsth hs hn gdsgl phrl nm m`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm Gdnnm hs gís mntm `lo hn Plftwmrh prhhxdsthoth ho mnrhchclr ch =1.58% (=0 ft).

6=

 

Krífd`m 3. M`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 0 rhmndzmcl plr hn hqudpl H-=998. M`ugunm`dðo ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm pmrm hn plzl FXM 0 9555 =155 =655     m      n      n      d =355     g   - =955     m      c =555     m      n     h 155     o     l 655      S 355 955 5

puotl cloch sh `ugpnh hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth pmrm nms cls ahrrmgdhotms cdkdtmnhs

Lphrm`dðo Plftwmrh pr prhhxdsthoth

Hstrhnnm Sl Slo-gdnh

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

Hn lijhtdvl ch `lrth pmrm hn hqudpl H-=998 `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth hs ch =915 tlohnmcm-gdnnm y sh `lrrho y `lrtmo 15 ft ch `minh2 hn lijhtdvl `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh hs ch =98; tlohnmcm-gdnnm y sh `lrrho y `lrtmo ;4 ft ch `minh, vmnlrhs guy pmrh`dcls hotrh sç. Ch dkumn gmohrm quh ho hn plzl FXM =, hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth slirhstdgm nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo gdhotrms quh ho nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh `lrrdkh nm h`um`dðo y usm nm quh rhnm`dlom nm lphrm`dðo `lo tlp crdvh, khohrmocl uom hqudvmnho`dm ch =;50,13 tlohnmcm-gdnnm `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth hs dkumn m =98; tlohnmcm-gdnnm `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh, nl mothrdlr rhfdhrh uom lptdgdzm`dðo ho hn usl chn `minh ho 390,13 tlohnmcm-gdnnm `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth nl `umn khohrm uom lptdgdzm`dðo ho hn usl chn `minh ho uo 00,==% gís ch usl, `lrrdhocl y `lrtmocl nm gdsgm `motdcmc ch `minh. 0.0.= 0.0. = Dosph``d Dosph``dðo ðo Vdsumn y cdghos cdghosdlo dlomn. mn. Nm dosph``dðo vdsumn y cdghosdlomn fuh rhmndzmcm plr nm `lgpmýçm Hg`l`minhs, nls rhsuntmcls sh ho`uhotrmo `lgpdnmcls

69

 

ho nm tminm 95 y hn doflrgh `lgpnhtl sh ho`uhotrm ho hn mohxl K. Ol sh prhshotmrlo `minhs rltls od mfh`tm`dðo m nls tlrlohs. Sminm 95. Cdíghtrl ch nls `minhs slghtdcls m pruhims. @minh @min h

H-;99 =-=/1" 6x=4 D[Y@ HDUP

H-=998 =-=/3" 6x=4 D[Y@ HDUP

Cdíghtrl dod`dmn

=,=;8‗ 

=,945‗ 

Uruhim

Cdíghtrl chn Cdíghtrl `minh `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdst hoth (Do).

Cdíghtrl chn ` minh Cdíghtrl `lo Hstrhnnm Slogdnh gdn h (Do).

Nh`turms

=,510   =,510 =,=59   =,=59 =,564   =,564 =,561   =,561

=,==5 =,==5   =,511 =,511   =,561 =,561   =,=59 =,=59  

Cdíghtrl chn `minh `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth (Do). =,98; =,935 =,963 =,931

=,561

=,561

=,935

=,991

=,51;

=,51;

=,=40

=,=40

4,=56

4,=56

0,1;6

3,156

Cdíghtrl gçodgl ghcdcl Cdíghtrl gçodgl phrgdtdcl % ch rhcu``dðo gíxdgm.

Cdíghtrl chn `minh `lo Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh (Do). =,935 =,90= =,991 =,900

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HG@L@MINHP 9595.

Nm rhcu``dðo chn cdíghtrl ch uo `minh ch m`hrl hstí hstrh`amghoth rhnm`dlomcm `lo hn chskmsth lphrm`dlomn y nm m`ugunm`dðo ch hsfuhrzls ho hsth. Hn cdíghtrl vmrçm m nl nmrkl chn `minh, ho nls puotls ch gmylr fmtdkm cloch sh prhshotm uo plr`hotmjh ch rhcu``dðo ch cdíghtrl gmylr y ho hstls puotls puhch l`urrdr uom rupturm. Ho nm tminm sh guhstrms nls vmnlrhs quh ol `ugpnho `lo nm olrgm ho `lnlr rljl, nls quh sd `ugpnho ho `lnlr vhrch y hn cdíghtrl gçodgl phrgdtdcl pmrm `mcm `minh ho `lnlr mzun. Umrm hn hqudpl H-;99, nls hosmyls guhstrmo ho mgils `msls uo cdíghtrl gçodgl ch =,561‗ khohrmocl uom rhcu``dðo ch cdíghtrl gíxdgm chn 4,=56%, hsth vmnlr suphrm nm rhcu``dðo gíxdgm phrgdtdcm ho uo =,656% nm `umn hs ;,8% chn cdíghtrl dod`dmn, nl mothrdlr sh chih m quh nls `minhs fuhrlo slghtdcls m gmylrhs hsfuhrzls `lgl `losh`uho`dm ch nms mntms vhnl`dcmchs quh prlcu`ho uom mntm dohr`dm mn glghotl ch frhomr, nl mothrdlr mkrhkm hsfuhrzls ol `lothgpnmcls ho nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm-gdnnm. Umrm hn hqudpl H-=998, nls hosmyls guhstrmo uo cdíghtrl gçodgl nhçcl ch =,935‗ y =,991‗ pmrm nm pruhim `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth y nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh rhsph`tdvmghoth, nl mothrdlr khohrm uom rhcu``dðo gíxdgm ch 0,11% y

60

 

3,1=% rhsph`tdvmghoth, vmnlrhs quh sh ho`uhotrmo chotrl ch nm rhcu``dðo gíxdgm phrgdtdcm nm `umn hs uo ;,8% chn cdíghtrl dod`dmn. Nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh, Slo -gdnh, ho hsth hqudpl mnmrkm nm vdcm útdn chn `minh chjmocl hsth ho uo hstmcl phrgdsdinh ho tärgdols cdghosdlomnhs. Hn chskmsth tltmn chn hqudpl hstí cmcl plr nm m`ugunm`dðo ch hsfuhrzls cmcls plr nm lphrm`dðo (chskmsth lphrmtdvl). 0.0.9 0.0. 9 Hosmyl ch trm``dðo. trm`` dðo.  Hn hosmyl ch trm``dðo fuh rhmndzmcl plr nm `lgpmýçm Hg`l`minhs, nls rhsuntmcls sh ho`uhotrmo `lgpdnmcls ho nm tminm 9= y hn doflrgh `lgpnhtl sh ho`uhotrm ho hn mohxl A. Sminm 9=. Yhsuntmcls hosmyls ch trm``dðo. @minh Shosdðo Shosdðo ch rupturm

H-;99 H-;99 =-=/1" =-=/1" 6x=4 D[Y@ HDUP

H-=998 =-=/3" =-=/3" 6x=4 D[Y@ HDUP

=098==,=5 =098= =,=5 ni niff

=6540 =65400,53 0,53 nif ni f

dod`dmn

Uruhim

Nh`turms % ch rhcu``dðo ch rhsdstho`dm

@mrkm ch rlturm ch `minh `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth. 86;85 Bkf

=93184 nif

8,;;8

@mrkm ch rlturm chn `minh `lo Hstrhnnm Slogdnh.

@mrkm ch rlturm ch `minh `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth.

81555 Bkf

60985 Bkf

=9;655 nif

0,;56

=04=85 nif

=0,808

@mrkm ch rlturm chn `minh `lo Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh.

;6555 Bkf

=6;955 nif

-0,143

chn `minh Fuhoth:  hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HG@L@MINHP 9595.

Umrm hn hqudpl H-;99, nm pruhim ch nm guhstrm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth ch `minh `lo hn prlkrmgm HPSYHNNM Slo-gdnh prhshotm uom rhcu``dðo gholr m nm rhsdstho`dm ch rlturm `lo rhsph`tl mn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth, nl mothrdlr chguhstrm quh nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn `mn`unm ch uom flrgm gís lptdgm nm cdstmo`dm ch `lrth cdsgdouyhocl hn rdhskl ch uom rupturm. Umrm hn hqudpl H-=998, hn `minh `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth prhshotm uom mntm rhcu``dðo m nm thosdðo ch rupturm, nl `umn sh puhch chihr m nms mntms thgphrmturms m nms quh pucl amihr sdcl slghtdcl hn `minh, nm pruhim ch nm guhstrm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth ch `minh `lo hn prlkrmgm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh rhprhshotm uo rhsuntmcl pl`l `lofdminh h dovmndcl chidcl m quh ol hxdsth nm plsdidndcmc ch quh uo `minh ghjlrh su

63

 

rhsdstho`dm m nm rupturm chspuäs ch amihr sdcl usmcl, nm pruhim prhshotm uo hrrlr ch nh`turm y sh dovmndcm hsth rhsuntmcl. 0.3

GMOXMN CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP CHN @MI @MINH NH CH UHYFLY UHYFLYM@DÐO M@DÐO

Hn gmoumn tdhoh `lgl lijhtdvl gdodgdzmr hn chskmsth lphrmtdvl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo y mshkurmr nm `mndcmc curmoth su vdcm útdn2 hn gmoumn hstí cdvdcdcl ho 6 `mpçtunls prdo`dpmnhs (Sminm 99)2 hn gmoumn rhúoh tlcms nms rh`lghocm`dlohs cmcms plr2 Dothromtdlomn Msl`dmtdlo Crnndok @lotrm`tlrs (DMC@), Mghrd`mo Uhtrlnhug Dostdtuth (MUD) y nms rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth pmrm nm gmodpunm`dðo chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo curmoth su vdcm útdn ho nm `lgpmýçm HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP. Nm tltmndcmc chn gmoumn sh ho`uhotrm ho hn Mohxl D 0.3.= Yhknmghot 0.3.= Yhknmghotm`dð m`dðo o khohrmn . Ph prhshotmo nms `locd`dlohs dod`dmnhs ch APH] quh sh chiho thohr ho `uhotm mn glghotl ch gmodpunmr hn `minh y sh docd`mo nls tdpls ch `hrtdfd`m`dlohs quh chiho thohr nls hqudpls chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. 0.3.9 @lgprm.  Ph prhshotm nm flrgm `lrrh`tm ch shnh``dlom uo `minh ch phrflrm`dðo shkúo nms oh`hsdcmchs chn hqudpl, `lgl khohrmr uom lrcho ch `lgprm shkúo nm olrgmtdvdcmc MUD PUH@ 4M y hn `ðgl rhmndzmr uo mshkurmgdhotl m nm `mndcmc ch rh`dil chn prlcu`tl rhvdsmocl nm cl`ughotm`dðo gçodgm quh chih hotrhkmr hn fmird`moth. 0.3.0 Mngm`homgdhotl.  Ph hxploho nms `locd`dlohs y trmtmgdhotls quh sh chiho thohr ho `uhotm moths y curmoth hn mngm`homgdhotl chn `minh `lo hn fdo ch gmothohr mn gíxdgl sus prlpdhcm prlpdhcmchs chs fdsd`lquçgd`ms. 0.3.3 Xsl.chn  Ho `minh, hn `mpçtunl ch usl sh hxploho nls gätlcls `lrrh`tls ch dostmnm`dðo y lphrm`dðo mcd`dlomnghoth sh prhshotm hn prlkrmgm ch `lrrdcm y `lrth quh sh chih usmr ho nm `lgpmýçm y sh ho`uhotrm prlkrmgmcl ho nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn Hstrhnnm tlo-gdnh. 0.3.8 Dosph``dðo.  Ph guhstrmo nls cls tdpls ch dosph``dlohs quh sh puhcho rhmndzmr ho `mgpl, msç `lgl `mcm uol ch sus `rdthrdls ch rh`amzl. 0.3.6 Gmothodgdhotl. Ph rh`lgdhocm uo tdpl ch nuird`moth quh sh chih mpnd`mr moths ch hotrmr mn phrdlcl ch mngm`homgdhotl y hn `rdthrdl `rd thrdl ch rh`amzl mn smndr ch hsth phrdlcl.

68

 

Sminm 99. @lothodcl gmoumn ch iuhoms prí`td`ms chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo.

Fuhoth: hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm.

66

 

3. @LO@NXPDLOHP

 

•

@lo nm mpnd`m`dðo ch nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn sh khohrm uo malrrl chn 90,0% ch nlokdtuc ch `lrth chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo ho uo plzl rhsph`tl mn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth, chidcl m nm tlp rhcu``dðo phrflrm`dðo `lo hn sdsthgm crdvh. ch tlohnmcm gdnnm ho lphrm`dlohs ch

 

Nm frh`uho`dm ch `lrth ho hn hqudpl H-;99 hs sdgdnmr, sdo hgimrkl, `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh sh `lrtmo =0 ft ch `minh ghols plr `d`nl nl `umn rhfdhrh uo malrrl ch =1,58% ch `minh ho hsth hqudpl.

 

Nm frh`uho`dm ch `lrth pmrm hn hqudpl H-=998 mughotm ho 390,13 Slohnmcmgdnnm `mn`unmcms `lo hn slftwmrh prhhxdsthoth nl quh khohrm uom lptdgdzm`dðo ho hn usl chn `minh ho uo 00,==%.

 

Hn plr`hotmjh ch phrcdcm ch cdíghtrl quh tuvdhrlo nms cls ahrrmgdhotms

•

•

•

cdkdtmnhs pmrm hn hqudpl H-;99 hstuvdhrlo =,6% plr ho`dgm ch nm olrgm, nl mothrdlr puhch chihrsh m nms slirhthosdlohs prlcu`dcms plr nm dohr`dm quh khohrm nms pmrmcms fuhrths plr hn usl chn frhol ho lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh ch tuihrçm l phrflrm`dðo gdsgm.  

Nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh khohrm uo mjusth ho hn `ín`unl ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm ho nms lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo rhsph`tl m nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn prhhxdsthoth, chidcl m quh nm prdghrm cds`rdgdom hn sdsthgm ch phrflrm`dðo (tlp crdvh l Bhnny), hsth vmnlr ch tlohnmcm-gdnnm hs gholr ho uo 86%.

 

Hn chskmsth gh`íod`l hs chsprh`dminh ho nls hqudpls lijhtdvl ch nm `lgpmýçm,

•

•

chidcl m quh ho nm tltmndcmc ch nms dosph``dlohs ch nms pmrths chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh guhstrmo quh sh `ugpnho `lo nms olrgms hstminh`dcms plr nm MUD YU 4I y nms rh`lghocm`dlohs ch Nhius Dothromtdlomn Do`lrplrmtdlo, nl mothrdlr chguhstrm quh hn chskmsth tltmn chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo puhch mprlxdgmrsh mn chskmsth lphrmtdvl.  

•

Hn slftwmrh prhhxdstho prhhxdsthoth th khohrm vmnlrhs ohkmtdvls ho nms lphrm`dlohs ch vdmjh `lrtl `umocl hstls sh rhmndzmo ch uom prlfuocdcmc gholr m uom prlfuocdcmc gmylr, nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh khohrm vmnlrhs plsdtdvls dochphocdhothghoth ch nms prlfuocdcmchs chn vdmjh, m`lrch `lo nls hstíocmrhs y olrgms hstminh`dcl hstminh`dcls. s.

6;

 

 

Umrm nm shnh``dðo shnh``dð o chn lijhtdvl ch `lrth, prhvmnh`h nms rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth slirh nls lijhtdvls dod`dmnhs cmcls plr nm DMC@, chidcl, m quh hn prdghrl tdhoh ho `uhotm nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms y ghjlrms mpnd`mcms mn `minh.

 

Hn rhsuntmcl chn hosmyl ch trm``dðo chn hqudpl H-=998 `lo nm ahrrmgdhotm Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh cm uom thosdðo ch rupturm gmylr ho uo 0,14% rhsph`tl m nm thosdðo ch rupturm dod`dmn (`minh ouhvl), nl mothrdlr ol hs nðkd`l chidcl m quh nm lphrm`dðo ol puhch ghjlrmr nm thosdðo ch rupturm ch uo `minh, plr tmn gltdvl sh chs`mrtm hstm pruhim.

 

@lo nm mpnd`m`dðo chn gmoumn ch iuhoms prí`td`ms chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo sh hstmocmrdzm tlcls nls prl`hsls rhnm`dlomcls `lo hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo ho nm `lgpmýçm, `lgpnhtmocl msç, hn mshkurmgdhotl tltmn chn `minh.

 

Nm do`hrtdcugir do`hrtdcugirhh ho hn `ín`unl chn chskmsth tltmn chn `minh `mn`unmcl plr nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn Hstrhnnm Slo-gdnh chphoch chn chskmsth gh`íod`l quh sh nh mkrhkuh mn `minh curmoth tlcm su vdcm útdn.

•

•

•

•

61

 

8. YH@LGHOCM@DLOHP

 

Yhmndzmr hn gdsgl hstucdl pmrm hn `minh chn tlrl (dzmjh ch tlrrhs) y smoc ndoh.

 

Mpnd`mr hn gmoumn ch iuhoms prí`td`ms prlpuhstl ho hsth prlyh`tl m tlcls nls hqudpls ch nm `lgpmýçm y m pmrtdr ch dosph``dlohs vdsumnhs, cdghosdlomnhs y hosmyls ch trm``dðo m nls `minhs chthrgdomr nm ghjlrm ho nm vdcm útdn ch nls `minhs.

 

M`tumndz M`tumndzmr mr nm shnh``dðo chn `minh pmrm tlcls nls hqudpls ch nm `lgpmýçm rhsph`tl mn allb nlmc m`tumn y fm`tlrhs ch cdshýl.

 

Momndzmr hn hfh`tl quh tdhoh hn glghotl ch dohr`dm ho hn `minh y chsmrrlnnmr uuoo slftwmrh quh `mn`unh hn chkmsth plr hstms thosdlohs.

•

•

•

•

64

 

IDINDLKYMFDM

MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Mpnd`m`dðo, `udcmcl y usl ch `minhs pmrm shrvd`dl phtrlnhrl,=0 hcd`dlo. XPM: MUD 4i, 95== MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Yh`lgghochc Urm`td`h flr L``upmtdlomn Pmfhty flr Ldn moc Kms [hnn Crdnndok moc Phrvd`dok Lphrmtdlos, 0 hcdtdlo. XPM: MUD, 955; SAH MGHYD@MO PL@DHST LF GH@AMOD@MN HOKDOHHYP, Pndoks, msgh i05.4. HHXX 95=3 HNMSM, Cmvdc Cmvdc T HPABHOMZT, Yl Yloy. oy. Ho: P`dho`h cdrh`t 9553

Vln. 3=, dssuhs dssuhs 8-6 9,

Frmo`ds`l Ihntrío. YHPDPSHO@DM CH GMSHYDMNHP n. Xodvhrsdcmc Ulndtä`od`m ch Gmcrdc DOPSDSXSL @LNLGIDMOL CH OLYGMP T @HYSDFD@M@DÐO. @lgphocdl ch olrgms pmrm trmimjls hs`rdtls.SÄ@OD@MP OS@.=316-6=66. Ilkltí C.@: Hn dostdtutl, 95=1 DPIO 4;148118186;0 =80 p. DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. =3. DPIO: 4;1-5-44=8548-;-; DOSHYOMSDLOMN LYKMODZMSDLO FLY PSMOCMYCDZMSDLO. @rmoh-[drh rlphs@mrh moc gmdothomo`h, dosph`tdlo moc cds`mrc, 8 hcdtdlo. XPM: DPL 3054:95=;. NHIXP DOSHYOMSDLOMN DO@LYULYMSDLO, Krllvh dosph`tdlo. XPM: Shxms 95== C[K: U091;-85=M, @D: =;;41 LPPM, Mnhx y UMODMKXM, Murhndl. Moíndsds ch fmnnm ho `minh ch m`hrl Ho: Dokhodhrçm y `dho`dm DPPO =;43-4=68. Phptdh Phptdhgirh girh ch 9558 Vln. =, orl 9

;5

 

 MOHQLP

;=

 

 MOHQL M. M. SLOHNMCM-GDNNM SLO HNMCM-GDNNM UMYM IXGU I XGUHY HY JMYP

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo ; pp: =.

;9

 

 MOHQL I. I. SLOHNMCM-GDNNM SLO HNMCM-GDNNM UMYM LDN JMYP JM YP

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo ; pp: 9.

;0

 

 MOHQL @. SLOHNMCM-GDNNM UMYM SHOPDLOHP HO UHKMP CH SXIHYÇM

Fuhoth:  DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo ; pp: 3.

;3

 

 MOHQL C. DOPUH@@DLOHP CH ULNHMP

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

;8

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

;6

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

;;

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

;1

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

;4

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

15

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

1=

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

19

 

 MOHQL H. DOPUH@@DLOHP GMNM@MSH T MO@NM CH NM NÇOHM GXHYSM

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

10

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

13

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

18

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

16

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

1;

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

11

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

14

 

Fuhoth: HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP 9595

45

 

 MOHQL F. DOFLYGH KHOHYMCL ULY NM AHYYMGDHOSM CDKDSMN UMYM HN ULZL FXM =

Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT

PHYVD@HP 9595 @T@ [DYH YLUH @LOSYLN

4=

 

 MOHQL K. DOFLYGH DOFLY GH CH DOPUH@@DÐO DOPUH@@DÐO VDPXMN T CDGHOPD CDGHOPDLOMN LOMN UYXHIMP CH NMILYMSLYDL

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

49

 

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

40

 

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

43

 

 MOHQL A. DOFLYGH DOFLY GH CH HOPMTLP CH SYM@@DÐO UYXHIMP CH N MI MILYMSLYDL. LYMSLYDL.

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

48

 

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

46

 

 MOHQL D. GMOXMN CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP UMYM HN @MINH CH UHYFLYM@DÐO

GMOXMN CH IXHOMP UYÍ@SD@MP UMYM HN @MINH CH UHYFLYM@DÐO.

4;

 

@LOSHODCL KNLPMYDL

=55 

=  YHKNMGHOSM@DÐO KHOHYMN =.  @LGUYM

=59  =50 

9.= PHNH@@DÐO CHN @MINH. 9.9 LYCHO CH @LGUYM. 9.0 MPHKXYMGDHOSL CH @MNDCMC CH YH@DIL CH UYLCX@SL. 0   MN GM@HOM GM@HOMGDHOSL GDHOSL 3  XPL 3.= DOPSMNM@DÐO. 3.9 LUHYM@DÐO.

=50 =58 =58 =5;  =51  =54 ==5

3.0 @LYYDCM T @LYSH. 8  DOPUH@@DLO 8.= VDPXMN. 8.9 CDGHOPDLOMN. IDINDLKYMFDM

=== ==9  ==9 ==9 ==3 

41

 

DOSYLCX@@DÐO

Hn prhshoth gmoumn tdhoh `lgl lijhtdvl gdodgdzmr hn chskmsth gh`íod`l chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, ghjlrmr nms prí`td`ms ho nm `lgprm, mngm`homgdhotl, usl, dosph``dðo y gmothodgdhotl ch hsth y msç mshkurmr nm dothkrdcmc ch tlcl hn phrslomn dovlnu`rmcl y ch nls hqudpls. Hn gmoumn rhúoh tlcms nms rh`lghocm`dlohs cmcms plr2 Dothromtdlomn Msl`dmtdlo Crnndok @lotrm`tlrs (DMC@), Mghrd`mo Uhtrlnhug Dostdtuth (MUD) y nms rh`lghocm`dlohs chn fmird`moth pmrm nm gmodpunm`dðo chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo curmoth su vdcm útdn ho nm `lgpmýçm HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP.

44

 

KNLPMYDL  Mn mgi rh. rh . Adnl chnkmcl ch uo ghtmn prlvhodhoth chn hstdrmgdhotl ch hsth.  Mn gm.  oú`nhls ch nls `minhs quh, ho nms hstru`turms sdrvho sdrv ho `lgl slplrth mn trhozmcl ch nls mnmgirhs, tlrlohs y `lrclohs. ho `minhs D[Y@ 6x=4 uo ;% ch nm rhsdstho`dm tltmn chn `minh hs krm`dms mn mngm m cdfhrho`dm ch ltrls `minhs, khohrmnghoth uid`mcms ho hn ghcdl chn trhozmcl chn `minh. Urdo`dpmnghoth hxdstho trhs tdpls ch mngm, hstms slo2 slo 2 mngm ch fdirm, D[Y@ l mngm dochphocdhoth ch `minh, mngm ch tlrðo. Chs`r dp`d ðo ch `mpm. nm chs`rdp`dðo ch nm `mpm sh cdvdch ho cls pmrths, nm prdghrm Chs`r pmrth ch hstm chs`rdp`dðo, am`h rhfhrho`dm m nm cdrh``dðo ho nm `umn nls tlrlohs rhplsmo slirh hn `minh, dzqudhrcm l chrh`am (nhft nmy l rdkta nmy), hstl sh puhch dchotdfd`mr gdrmocl m nl nmrkl chn `minh dchotdfd`mocl sd hn `minh vm ch flrgm chs`hochoth chn hspdrmn am`dm nm dzqudhrcm l am`dm nm chrh`am, nm shkuocm pmrth ch nm chs`rdp`dðo chfdoh nm rhnm`dðo hotrh nm cdrh``dðo ch nls tlrlohs rhsph`tl m nm cdrh``dðo ch nls mnmgirhs, ho `msl ch quh nls mnmgirhs thokmo cdrh``dðo lpuhstm m nm cdrh``dðo ch nls tlrlohs sh rh`lol`h `lgl rhkunmr nmy, y ho `msl ch thohr nm gdsgm cdrh``dðo sh rh`lol`h `lgl nmok nmy. Ch hsth glcl sh puhcho `nmsdfd`mr rípdcmghoth rípdcmgho th nls `minhs thodhocl ho `uhotm nm cdrh``dðo chn tlrðo y hn mnmgirh. Chskmsth Chskmst h Gh`íod`l. hs hn chskmsth khohrmcl ho hn `minh plr nm dothrm``dðo `lo nms ahrrmgdhotms quh nl lphrmo l mkhoths hxthrols quh puhcmo khohrmr cmýl m nm dothkrdcmc, prdo`dpmnghoth, sh nh mtrdiuyh hn chskmsth gh`íod`l m nms fmnnms ch dothkrdcmc ch nls hqudpls quh dothrm`túmo ho chthrgdomcl puotl ch hsth. Chskmsth Lphrmtdvl.  hs hn chskmsth khohrmcl plr nm lphrm`dðo chn `minh mn slghthrnl mn nhvmotmgdhotl ch `mrkms curmoth su usl ho nm lphrm`dðo chn hqudpl. Hsth chskmsth sh puhch `umotdfd`mr ghcdmoth hn usl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm gdnnm nm `umn phrgdth `mn`unmr nm `motdcmc ch phsl quh am trmosplrtmcl hn `minh ho rhnm`dðo `lo uom cdstmo`dm. Fm`tlr ch Cdshýl l shkurdcmc. hsth fm`tlr hs oh`hsmrdl pmrm kmrmotdzmr nm shkurdcmc chn `minh mn glghotl ch su usl, ym quh prlploh quh hn `minh thokm nm `mpm`dcmc ch nhvmotmr gçodgl trhs vh`hs nm `mrkm gíxdgm m nm `umn shrí slghtdcm moths ch nnhkmr m nm `mrkm ch rlturm olgdomn ho hn `msl ch lphrm`dlohs ch phrflrm`dðo y cls vh`hs ho hn `msl ch lphrm`dlohs ch wlrblvhr, y ch hsth glcl mshkurmr quh hn `minh sh gmothokm ho `locd`dlohs shkurms nhjls ch nms `mrkms ch rupturm. Krmcl. Hn krmcl chphoch chn gmthrdmn ch `lostru``dðo chn `minh y plr nl tmotl sh `nmsdfd`mo ho trhs cdfhrhoths tdpls: Dgprlvhc Unlw Pthhn (DUP), Hxtrm Dgprlvhc Unlw

Pthhn (HDUP) y Hxtrm Hxtrm Dgprlvhc Unlw Pthhn (HHDUP).

=55

 

Aldstdok hqudpghot. Hn Aldstdok Hqudpghot hs hn `lojuotl ch hqudpls, ahrrmgdhotms y lijhtls quh `lgploho hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh ch nls hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo y sus rhsph`tdvls m``hslrdls, nls `umnhs slo, hn gmnm`mth, hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, hn mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm, hn inlquh `lrlom, hn inlquh vdmjhrl, hn kmo`al y hn `mrrhth chn `minh. Nuird`m`dðo. nm nuird`m`dðo sh chfdoh `lgl hn prl`hsl pmrm plchr rhcu`dr l hndgdomr nm frd``dðo l rlzmgdhotl hotrh cls suphrfd`dhs, ho hn `msl chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, hs oh`hsmrdl quh hsth sh ho`uhotrh mprlpdmcmghoth nuird`mcl pmrm hvdtmr nm frd``dðo `lo nls hnhghotls quh dothrm`túmo `lo hsth y `lo su prlpdm hstru`turm, pmrm hnnl sh puhcho utdndzmr cdfhrhoths tdpls ch nuird`moths l krmsms pmrm kmrmotdzmr hn idhohstmr chn `minh. Urhflrgmcl. hs hn prl`hsl ho hn `umn nls tlrlohs slo flrgmcls ahnd`ldcmnghoth pmrm msugdr nm flrgm y nm plsd`dðo ho hn `minh thrgdomcl, hstl phrgdth ghjlrmr nms `mpm`dcmchs ch nls `minhs `lgl rhsdstho`dm m nm fmtdkm, fm`dndcmc pmrm gmodpunmr, rhsdstho`dm m nms tlr`hcurms. Slrðo.  @lostru``dðo ch mnmgirhs horlnnmcls ahnd`ldcmnghoth mnrhchclr ch uo `hotrl l puotl fdjl ho uom l gís `mpms thodhocl ho `uhotm nms plsdinhs `lofdkurm`dlohs ch tlrlohs hxdsthoths, nms gís utdndzmcms m odvhn docustrdmn slo nms sdoknh nmyhr, shmn, wmrrdoktlo, fdnnhr wdrh y nms `lgidom`dlohs hotrh hstms gdsgms.

=5=

 

= YHKNMGHOSM@DÐO KHOHYMN

Mn rhmndzmr `umnqudhr ch nms m`tdvdcmchs chs`rdtms ho hsth gmoumn sh chih `ugpndr `lo tlcls nls pmríghtrls APH] y shkurdcmc ch prl`hsls, hstminh`dcls plr nm `lgpmýçm. Nm gmodpunm`dðo chn `minh sh chih rhmndzmr `umocl hsth ol hstä sdhocl thosdlomcl u lphrmcl plr mnkuom ahrrmgdhotm, hsth ouo`m chih shr gmodpunmcl plr uom slnm phrslom `lo hn fdo ch hvdtmr m``dchoths y kmrmotdzmr hn iuho usl, sh chih prhstmr hsph`dmn mtho`dðo mn hotlrol y nls hnhghotls quh dothrm`túmo `lo tlcl hn `minh pmrm hvdtmr nm gmthrdmndzm`dðo ch  ch m``dchoths chidcl m quh sh puhcho khohrmr glvdgdhotls vdlnhotls ho hn `minh y hsth puhch nhsdlomr krmvhghot krmvhghoth h mn hqudpl ch trmimjl. Slcls nls hnhghotls quh `lgploho hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh y quh tdhoho mnkuom dothrm``dðo `lo hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo chiho shr dosph``dlomcls shkúo sus rhsph`tdvms rhsph`td vms olrgms MUD, MPSG y MPGH shkúo nl docdquho y chiho hstmr `hrtdfd`mcls pmrm su usl.

=59

 

=. @LGUYM

Umrm nm lphrm`dðo ch `lgprm, sh hstminh`ho trhs prl`hcdgdhotls fuocmghotmnhs: fuocmghotmnhs: •

   

•

Phnh``dðo chn `minh. ch `lgprm. Lrcho l rhquhrdgdhotl Mshkurmgdho Mshkurmgdhotl tl ch `mndcmc ch rh`dil ch prlcu`tl.

9.=

PHNH@@DÐO CHN @MIN H.

•

Ph chih hvmnumr nms `mrkms m nms `umnhs shrí slghtdcl hn gdsgl y thodhocl ho `uhotm nms hsph`dfd`m`dlohs chn Aldstdok Hqudpghot, Mchgís, sh chih mshkurmr uo fm`tlr ch shrvd`dl pmrm hqudpls ch phrflrm`dðo ch 0 y ch wlrblvhr ch 9. Ho nm tminm = sh guhstrm nm rhsdstho`dm olgdomn m nm rupturm ch uo `minh 6x=4 D[Y@. Sminm 90. @nmsdfd`m`dðo plr oúghrl ch tlrlohs y mnmgirhs. @nmsdfd`m`dðo. @nm sdfd`m`dðo. Oúgh Oúghrl rl ch tlrlohs. Mnmgirhs plr tlrðo. 6x; 6 ; 6x=4 6 =6-96 6x0; 6 9;-34 1x=4 1 =6-96 Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 9 Sminm 9. Yhsdstho`dm olgdomn m nm rupturm pmrm cdfhrhoths krmcls ch `minhs.

Fuhoth: XCMILN. @ín`unl ch tlohnmcm gdnnm. Ilndvdm: 955; p == olrgm

=50

 

Ho nm tminm 9 sh ho`uhotrmo nls tdpls ch `minh usmcls plr `mcm uol ch nls hqudpls ch nm `lgpmýçm. Sminm 93. Cdíghtrl y tdpl ch `minh usmcl ho nls cdfhrhoths hqudpls ch HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP. Hqudpl H-;5; H-;99 H-4=5 H-=890 H-=551 H-=998 H-=;93 H-959; H-9594 H-950=

Cdíghtrl (D (Do) o) = =/1 = =/1 = =/1 = 0/1 = =/3 = =/3 = 0/1 = =/9 = 0/1 = =/9

@m @mrm`thrçstd` rm`thrçstd` ms 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS

H-=8=0 H-=95= H-888 H-886 H-950 H-956 H-88= H-=55= H-=5= H-=59 H-=50

= 0/1 = =/3 = = ;/1 = = = =/1 = = =

6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS

H-95= = 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS H-959 = 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS H-953 = 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS H-958 = 6Q=4 P-HDU-YYN-D[Y@ IYDKAS Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

CHP@YDU@DÐO CH MIYHVDMSXYMP CH @MINH: 6Q=4: Hn `minh plshh 6 tlrlohs ch =4 mnmgirhs `mcm uol. P: Nm `lostru``dðo ch tlrðo hs tdpl shmn. HDU: Hn krmcl chn `minh hs Hxtrm Hx trm Dgprlvhc pnlw Pthhn

=53

 

YYN: Hn prhflrgmcl chn `minh hs rdkat rhkunmr nmy (tlrlohs thjdcls am`dm nm chrh`am y mnmgirhs thjdcls am`dm nm dzqudhrcm) dzqudhrcm).. D[Y@: Hn mngm chn `minh hs Dochphochot wdrh rlph `lrh (mngm ch m`hrl `lgl uo `minh dochphocdhoth). IYDKAS: M`mimcl pundcl chn `minh. Pd nls `minhs prhshotmo uom mntm `lrrlsdðo sh puhcho slnd`dtmr `lo uo m`mimcl kmnmvmodzmcl. 9.9

LYCHO CH @LGUYM.

Nls pmríghtrls hsph`dfd`mcls plr hn `lgprmclr slo:   Yhfhrho`dm ch `lostru``d `lostru``dðo ðo m nm olrgm MUD 4M Hcd`dðo 96, olv. 95=6.   @motdcmc y nlokdtuc (ho nms uodcmchs quh mpndquho pmrm hn pmçs).   Cdíghtrl olgdomn (Chphoch chn Aldstdok hqudpghot ch `mcm hqudpl).

•

•

• •

  Sdpl ch `minh/ Vhr `mpçtunl 9,=. `lostru``dðo. (Chphoch chn Aldstdok hqudpghot ch `mcm hqudpl)   Sdpl ch Mngm. (D[Y@)   Krmcl chn `minh (Chp (Chphoch hoch ch nls ndgdths tä tä`od`ls `od`ls chn hq hqudpl). udpl).   M`mimcl chn `min `minhh (Km (Kmnvmodzmcl, nvmodzmcl, Uundcl, ht`.)   Cdrh``dðo ch nm `mpm y tdpl (Chphoch sd hs uo hqudpl chrh`al l dzqudhrcl khohrmnghoth sh utdndzmo hqudpls chrh`als h nm `lgpmýçm).   Urhflrgm`d Urhflrgm`dðo ðo (Yhkunmr nmy).   Nuird`m`dðo (Nuird`moth shnh``dlomcl plr nm hgprhsm prlvhhclrm pmrm hn tdpl ch `minh shnh``dlomcl quh shm `lgpmtdinh `lo hn nuird`moth dod`dmn).   Yhqudsdtls ch gmr`mc gmr`mcll (Umrm nm dchotdf dchotdfd`m`dðo d`m`dðo cchn hn `minh).   Yhqudsdtls ch hgpm`mcl •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

  Gçodgm fuhrzm ch rlgpdgdhotl rhquhrdcm.

9.0

MPHKXYMGDHOSL CH @MN @MNDCMC DCMC CH YH@DIL CH UYLCX UYLCX@SL. @SL.

Ph chih rhmndzmr nm rhvdsdðo uom vhz hn gmthrdmn dokrhsh m nms dostmnm`dlohs ch nm `lgpmýçm.   Oughrl ch `hrtdfd`m` `hrtdfd`m`dðo dðo MUD ch nm hgprhsm fmird`moth chn `minh.   Olgirh y cdrh``dðo ch nm `lgpmýçm fmird`moth l `lghr`dmoth.   Chs`rdp` Chs`rdp`dðo dðo chn `minh. (cdghosdlohs, mngm, oughrl ch tlrlohs, oughrl ch adnls, tdpl).

•

•

•

•

  Fd`amplr tä`od`m ch pruhim ch hsfuhrzl ch rlgpdgdhotl, fdrgmcl hn ho`mrkmcl chn írhm tä`od`m chgçodgl nm hgprhsm quh hgdtm hn chidcmghoth cl`ughotl.

=58

 

  Fh`am ch hxphcd`dðo chn `hrtd `hrtdfd`mcl fd`mcl y muthotd`m`dðo muthotd`m`dðo ch hsth.

•

Nls mothrdlrhs cl`ughotls cl`ug hotls chiho rhplsmr ho nm idindlth`m ch doflrgm`dðo chn hqudpl chn plzl y chiho shr vhrdfd`mcls plr hn jhfh ch hqudpl y hn mngm`hodstm tmo prlotl hn `minh mrrdih ho nm nl`m`dðo hsph`dfd`mcm.

=56

 

0 MNGM@HOMGDHOSL

  Hn `minh chih shr glvdndzmcl amstm hn nukmr ch mngm`homgdhotl ho su rhsph`tdvl `mrrhth `lo nm prh`mu`dðo ch quh odokúo lijhtl puhcm klnphmr cdrh`tmghoth hn `minh. •

  Hn `minh chih gmothohrsh mnhjmcl ch hnhghotls fdnlsls `lo nls `umnhs mn `lotm`tl puhch khohrmr hn rlgpdgdhotl ch adnls.   Hn `minh chih shr `mrkmcl y chs`mrkmcl hho o su `mrrhth `lo nm myucm ch uo hqudpl ch nhvmotmgdhotl ch phsl pmrm hvdtmr klnphs `lotrm nm suphrfd`dh (`mrkmclr), ouo`m sh chih chjmr `mhr hn `mrrhth.   Ho `msl ch shr oh`hsmrdl horlnnmr l chshorlnnmr `minh, sh chih utdndzmr úod`mghoth nms mzms l irmzls `lrrhsplocdhoths mn `mrrhth, ol sh chih gmodpunmr cdrh`tmghoth pmrm hvdtmr cmýl ch nm hstru`turm.   Hn `minh chih rhplsmr ho uo írhm nm `umn hsth idho vhotdnmcm, hvdtmocl mn gíxdgl nm aughcmc, pmrm prhvhodr nm `lrrlsdðo.   Hn `minh chih quhcmr ho uo írhm fuhrm ch nm dothgphrdh pmrm hvdtmr quh nm nnuvdm khohrh aughcmc y msç hvdtmr nm `lrrlsdðo.   Hn `minh chih shr mngm`homcl ho nukmrhs sdo hxplsd` hxplsd`dðo dðo m vmplrhs ch mkum pmrm hvdtmr nm `lrrlsdðo.   Hn `minh chih gmothohrsh mnhjmcl ch `lgplohoths quçgd`ls l sus vmplrhs pmrm hvdtmr `mgidls ho su hstru`turm l `lgplsd`dðo.   Hn `minh chih gmothohrsh mnhjmcl ch nm tdhrrm, mrhom l pmrtç`unms quh puhcmo mcahrdrsh m hsth, chidcl m quh hstls hnhghotls puhcho khohrmr mirmsdðo mn utdndzmrnl.   Mpnd`mr hn nuird`moth ch `loshrv `loshrvm`dðo m`dðo moths chn mngm`homgdhotl (glidnmrgm-;41).   Yh`uirdr hn `mrrhth `lo uo hnhghotl quh puhcm prlthkhrnl ch hnhghotls hxthrols (pnístd`l l nlom).   Umrm hvdtmr nls hfh`tls ch mirmsdðo sh chih nmvmr hn `minh `lo mkum m imjm prhsdðo •

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

hndgdomocl nm prhsho`dm ch tdhrrm, mrhom, imrrl u ltrls hnhghotls phr`hptdinhs.   Mn fdomndzmr hn phrdlcl ch mngm`homgdhotl sh chih rhmndzmr uom dosph``dðo dosph``dð o vdsumn mn `minh, sd hn `minh ym ol tdhoh hn nuird`moth ch fmird`m hsth ol hs lphrmtdvl. •

=5;

 

3 XPL

  Hn `minh ol chih thohr odokúo `lotm`tl l rl`h `lo hnhghotls cdstdotls m nms plnhms y tmgilrhs chn gmnm`mth y mo`nm ch nm nçohm guhrtm. •

  Mprdhth sdhgprh nms tuhr`ms `lo uo tlrquçghtrl nnhvmocl hstms mn tlrquh docd`mcl hsph`dfd`mcl ho hn gmoumn ch usl, ho `msl ch ol cdsplohr ch hsth gmoumn utdnd`h nms tminms ch tlrquh pmrm hn tdpl ch tuhr`m y tlrodnnl quh sh ho`uhotrmo ho nm tminm 0

•

Sminm 98. Slrquh rh`lghocmcl pmrm tlrodnnls krmcl 8, ; y 1.

Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595

Umrm utdndzmr nms tminms ch tlrquh hs oh`hsmrdl dchotdfd`mr hn krmcl chn tlrodnnl quh hstí utdndzmocl m`tumnghoth (sh rh`lgdhocm krmcl 1) y sd hn tlrodnnl hstm nuird`mcl l ol. Xtdnd`h prlplr`dlomcl hn tmgmýl chn tlrodnnl nlkrmr hstminh`hr tlrquh mprlpdmcl ghcdmoth hn vmnlr plr nmpmrm tminm thodhocl hohn`uhotm nms `mrm`thrçstd`ms

=51

 

dchotdfd`mcms mothrdlrghoth. nls tlrodnnls y hspírrmkls chiho shr ndgpdmcls pmrm rhtdrmr hn ðxdcl y nm su`dhcmc, plsthrdlrghoth sh chih mpnd`mr krmsm l nuird`moth mn sdsthgm. Shokm ho `uhotm hn `lhfd`dhoth ch frd``dðo `lrrhsplocdhoth m nm krmsm l nuird`moth y guntdpnçquhnl `lo hn tlrquh chn tlrodnnl sdo nuird`mr y msç lithohr hn tlrquh rh`lghocmcl.   Ph chiho hvdtmr nms mntms vhnl`dcmchs ho nm nçohm rípdcm chidcl m quh hstms prlcu`ho uom gmylr frd``dðo ho nm dothrm``dðo `lo nms plnhms, hstl khohrm cmýl m nm dothkrdcmc chn `minh plr mirmsdðo y/l phrcdcm chn cdíghtrl. Hs rh`lghocminh ol suphrmr uom vhnl`dcmc ho nm nçohm rípdcm ch 3555 pdhs plr gdoutl. •

Umrm hvdtmr nms mntms vhnl`dcmchs ho nm nçohm rípdcm, sh chih `lotrlnmr nm vhnl`dcmc ho hn inlquh vdmjhrl ho nls glghotls ch suidcm y imjmcm ch hsth, thodhocl ho `uhotm hn oúghrl ch nçohms quh hstío sdhocl utdndzmcms m`tumnghoth. Ho tminm 3 sh hxploh nm gíxdgm vhnl`dcmc chn inlquh chphocdhocl hn oúghrl ch nçohms utdndzmcms ho hn hqudpl. Sminm 96. Vhnl`dcmc gíxdgm ho hn inlquh vdmjhrl shkúo nm `motdcmc ch ndohms ch nls hqudpls. Ol. ch nd ohms Vhn . Gmxd gm (ft/shk)

6 ==,=

1 1,0

=5 6,;

=9 8,6

Fuhoth: Hnmilrm`dðo prlpdm imsmcl ho Hstrhnnm Dothromtdlomn Hohrky Phrvd`hs 9595 3.=

DOPSMNM@DÐO.

Nm dostmnm`dðo chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo ho tmgilr chn gmnm`mth chih kmrmotdzmr quh sh amkm sdo tlrquh mtrmpmcl ho nm nçohm, hvdtmocl msç cmýls prhgmturls. Ch dkumn gmohrm, sh rh`lgdhocm thohrnl thosdlomcl y am`hr hn ho`mrrdnmgdhotl ho hn Krllvh, pmrm quh su horlnnmgdhotl sh amkm m`lrch. Umrm rhmndzmr hn prl`hcdgdhotl ch hoahirmcl hs oh`hsmrdl shkudr nms sdkudhoths dostru``dlohs:   Yhmndzmr `amrnm ch prhlphrm`dlomn y ch ch shkurdcmc mcvdrtdhocl slirh nls `udcmcls oh`hsmrdls ho nm hjh`u`dðo ch hstm lphrm`dðo.   Xid`mr hn `mrrhth ho nm plsd`dðo mch`umcm shkúo hn nmylut ch `mcm hqudpl y mn sdsthgm ch hoahirmcl ch plnhms rhquhrdcl.   Ulsd`dlom Ulsd`dlomrr hn `minh kuçm m nl nmrkl ch nm `lofdkurm`dðo chn sdsthgm ch dzmjh, hsth •

•

•

`minh plshh uo phsl gholr quh hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo y plr nl tmotl hs fí`dn ch

=54

 

gmodpunmr m trmväs ch nms ahrrmgdhotms ahrrmg dhotms y plnhms plr nms `umn `umnhs hs sh rhqudhrh quh pmsh hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo.   Xodr hn `minh kuçm mn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo usmocl nm ahrrmgdhotm sombh l „`unhirm‗, nm `umn, `ugpnh su fuo`dðo ghcdmoth prhsdðo ho nls hxtrhgls ch `mcm uol ch nls `minhs.   Amnmr hn `minh kuçm plr hn hxtrhgl `lotrmrdl m nnmm `lohxdðo ch nm `unhirm, utdndzmocl hn gmnm`mth l `mrrl gm`al pmrm quh hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo puhcm plsd`dlomrsh ho nm `lofdkurm`dðo ch plnhms.   Mo`nmr hn `minh ho hn gmnm`mth thodhocl ho `uhotm nms tminms ch tlrquh 3, sd hs oh`hsmrdl, usmr uo gmzl inmocl pmrm myucmr hn `minh m tlgmr hn `momn y mjustmrsh mn, tmgilr, chih rhmndzmr `lo gmylr `udcmcl.   Mn rhmndzmr hn horlnnmcl chn `minh ho hn gmnm`mth hvdth tlr`hcurms, flrgm`dðo ch `l`ms y fmtdkms plr clinh`hs dotrlcu`dhocl hn `minh ho hn gmnm`mth ch flrgm nhotm y ho plsd`dðo phrphocd`unmr mn tmgilr.   Ph chih mshkurmr quh ho hn tmgilr chn gmnm`mth sh ho`uhotrho gçodgl =5 vuhntms ch `minh `lo hn inlquh ho nm ghsm. •

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3.9

LUHYM@DÐO.

Ph rh`lgdhocm rhmndzmr dosph``dlohs chn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo `lo uom frh`uho`dm gçodgm shgmomn, pmrm glodtlrhmr hn chskmsth gh`íod`l khohrmcl plr nm dothrm``dðo chn `minh `lo hn sdsthgm ch dzmjh. (@losunth hn `mpçtunl 8 ch hsth gmoumn). Ph chih nnhvmr hn `lotrln chn chskmsth lphrmtdvl ghcdmoth hn `ín`unl ch nm vmrdminh tlohnmcm gdnnm `lo hn slftwmrh „HPSYHNNM SLO-GDNH‗, hn `umn, m trmväs ch mouo`dls hsph`çfd`ls chthrgdomrí trhs sdtum`dlohs hsph`çfd`ms rhsph`tl mn chskmsth lphrm`dlomn chn `minh y nms m``dlohs phrtdohoths: SLCL FXO@DLOMOCL:  Hn `minh ol am sufrdcl uo chskmsth lphrmtdvl `losdchrminh. Yhmnd`h nm dosph``dðo shgmomn ch flrgm olrgmn.  MS HO@DLO:   Hn `minh am suphrmcl hn ;5 % ch nm m`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm dnnm  MSHO@DLO: gíxdgm rh`lghocmcm. Yhmnd`h uom dosph``dðo tmo prlotl `lgl sh khohrh hn mouo`dl ho hn slftwmrh y `lotdoúh rhmndzmocl dosph``dlohs cdmrdms amstm hn glghotl ho hn quh rhmnd`h nm lphrm`dðo ch `lrrdcm y `lrth. @LYYHY T @LYSH @MINH:  Hn `minh am suphrmcl hn =55% ch nm m`ugunm`dðo ch Slohnmcm gdnnm gíxdgm rh`lghocmcm y plr nl tmotl sh chih rhmndzmr hn prl`hcdgdhotl ch `lrrdcm y `lrth ch flrgm doghcdmtm (Url`hcdgdhotl 50-55-394).

==5

 

3.0

@LYYDCM T @LYSH.

Phkúo hn hqudpl ho hn quh sh ho`uhotrh, hn slftwmrh „H PSYHNNM Slo-gdnh‗ `mn`unm

nm cdstmo`dm quh chih `lrtmr shkúo nm tlohnmcm-gdnnm m`ugunmcm. Ph chih `lrrhr y `lrtmr `minh `umocl:   Ph nnhkm mn vmnlr gíxdgl phrgdsdinh ch tlohnmcm-gdn tlohnmcm-gdnnm. nm.   Nls rhsuntmc rhsuntmcls ls ch nms dosph dosph``dlohs ``dlohs ol slo smtdsfm`tlrdls y hx` hx`hcho hcho nls nçgdths ch chskmsth phrgdsdinhs (@mpdtunl 8). •

•

@losuntmr hn prl`hcdgdhotl 50-55-394 `lrrdcm y `lrth ch `minh. Ph rh`lgdhocm rhmndzmr hn `lrth m`lrch m nm Slohnmcms gdnnm m`ugunmcm. M`ugunmr `minh ho hn gmnm`mth, mn thohr chskmsth (prdo`dpmnghoth rhcu``dðo ch cdíghtrl) plr nm lphrm`dðo, am`ho quh nms `mpms suphrdlrhs ol ho`mjho ho nms rmourms, `musmocl uo horlnnmcl cdspmrhjl y uom mntm frd``dðo ho nm nçohm, nl quh puhch khohrmr mvmozmcl chskmsth gh`íod`l y hvhotumnghoth uo rlgpdgdhotl dohsphrmcl. Ho nm fdkurm =, hn `minh ch gholr cdíghtrl sh lishrvm `lo hn `lnlr gís ls`url ho nm dgmkho. Fdkurm =3 =3.. Ho`mrrdnnmcl chn `minh plr m`ugunm`dðo ch `minh chskmstmcl.

Fuhoth:  NHIXP DOSHYOMSDLOMN DO@LYULYMSDLO, Krllvh dosph`tdlo. XPM: Shxms 95== C[K: U091;-85= U 091;-85=M, M, @D: =;;41

===

 

8 DOPUH@@DLO

Hxdstho cls tdpls ch dosph``dlohs ho `mgpl pmrm hn `minh ch phrflrm`dðo, hstms chiho `ugpndr `lo nms `locd`dlohs gçodgms pmrm plchr `lo`nudr quh hn `minh sh ho`uhotrm ho `locd`dlohs lphrmtdvms, lphrmtdv ms, ho `msl ch quh `umnqudhrm ch nms dosph``dlohs thokm uo rhsuntmcl ohkmtdvl sh chih rhmndzmr hn `lrrhsplocdhoth prl`hcdgdhotl ch `lrrdcm y `lrth. Ph chih `lrrhr y `lrtmr `lrtm r nm `motdcmc ch `minh rhnm`dlomcl m nm `motdcmc ch tlohnmcms-gdnnm m`ugunmcms amstm nm fh`am, hsth vmnlr hs sugdodstrmcl plr hn slftwmrh HPSYHNNM SLO-GDNH. Ph rh`lgdhocm rhmndzmr hstms dosph``dlohs gçodgl = vhz `mcm ; cçms y `umocl nm ahrrmgdhotm cdkdtmn shýmnh quh chihrçm rhvdsmrsh shkúo hn mouo`dl hgdtdcl plr nm gdsgm (`losunth hn `mpçtunl ch usl ho nm sh``dðo ch lphrm`dðo.). 8.=

VDPXMN. 

Hxmgdomr hn `minh, hsph`dmnghoth ho nls `rçtd`ls, ol mshnlvhm hn mngm chn `minh ho odokúo puotl y quh ol puotls thokm gís ch 6 vhrdfd`mr mnmgirhsquh rltls nmrkl ch uo pmsl l 0 mnmgirhs rltls ho uo gdsgl tlrðo m nl nmrkl ch uo pmsl. 8.9

CDGHOPDLOMN.

Nm ghcd`dðo chn cdíghtrl chn `minh sh chih rhmndzmr chsch hn puotl gís mntl ch uo tlrðo amstm hn puotl gís imjl chn tlrðo quh sh ho`uhotrm ho nm `lotrmpmrth chn prdghr tlrðo (Fdkurm 9). Fdkurm 9. Gätlcl `lrrh`tl ch ghcd`dðo ch cdíghtrl.  

Fuhoth: DMC@. Crdnndok gmoumn, ; hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 955; @ampthr G Ph`tdlo 9 p 9.

==9

 

=. Ghcdr hn cdíghtrl dod`dmn chn `minh ho nm nçohm guhrtm ho thosdðo ho hn `mrrhth ouhvl. 9. Ghcdr hn cdíghtrl chn `minh m nm hotrmcm chn gmnm`mth. Chthrgdomr nm phrcdcm ch cdíghtrl chn `minh m nm hotrmcm chn gmnm`mth rhsph`tl mn cdíghtrl dod`dmn chn `minh (H`um`dðo =). Pd hn plr`hotmjh ch pärcdcm chn cdíghtrl hs suphrd lr mn ;,8% ;,8% hn hn `minh ol hs lp hrmtdvl.

H`um`dðo =5 =5.. Uärcdcm ch cdíghtrl pmrm dosph``dðo cdghosdlomn. ∆ 7

  ∙  

∛ =55 

Fuhoth: HG@L@MINHP 9595

Cloch: ∆c 7 Uhrcdcm chn cdíghtrl chn `minh. % cd 7 Cdíghtrl dod`dmn chn `minh chn `mrrhth ouhvl. Do cg 7 Cdíghtrl ghcdcl chn `minh m nm hotrmcm chn gmnm`mth. Do

==0

 

IDINDLKYMFDM

MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Mpnd`m`dðo, `udcmcl y usl ch `minhs pmrm shrvd`dl phtrlnhrl,=0 hcd`dlo. XPM: MUD 4i, 95== MGHYD@MO UHSYLNHXG DOPSDSXSH. Yh`lgghochc Urm`td`h flr L``upmtdlomn Pmfhty flr Ldn moc Kms [hnn Crdnndok moc Phrvd`dok Lphrmtdlos, 0 hcdtdlo. XPM: MUD, 955; HG@L@MINHP 9595 HPSYHNNM DOSHYOMSDLOMN HOHYKT PHYVD@HP. @lrrdcm y `lrth ch `minh, prl`hcdgdhotl. 50-55-394. DOSHYOMSDLOMN MPPL@DMSDLO CYDNNDOK @LOSYM@SLYP. Crdnndok gmoumn, =9 hcdtdlo. XPM: DMC@, 95=8 @ampthr wdrh rlph pp. =3. DPIO: 4;1-5-44=8548-;-; DOSHYOMSDLOMN LYKMODZMSDLO FLY PSMOCMYCDZMSDLO. @rmoh-[drh rlphs@mrh moc gmdothomo`h, dosph`tdlo moc cds`mrc, 8 hcdtdlo. XPM: DPL 3054:95=;.