Toc Toc

 

 

 

 CMÃFDPDP  CMÃ FDPDP KN F C YNF YNFÌ@^FC Ì@^FC [J@ [J@

ºDlcodmcs qun nm cfo÷m ljlnmtj kn tu vdkc tn surgcm pnmscldnmtjs js`urjs, jasnsdjmns dm`jenrnmtns j ecstc knscorckcafns:, ºy qun, pcrc c`cacr `jm nstc fu`ec dmtnrmc `jm fjs dlpufsjs y vj`ns knmtrj kn tu `canzc, tnmocs qun rnpntdr `jmstcmtnlnmtn c``djmns qun md tu `jlprnmkns j pcscs pjr knscpnr`dadkj lu`ecs vn`ns: Nstj ns pjr fj qun pcsc y vdvn nm su kìc c kìc umc pnrsjmc pcrn`dnmtn kn [J@, ns kn`dr, kn um [rcstjrmj Jasnsdvj @jlpufsdvj y nm nstn jrknm kn dkncs, ns nf prjafnlc nm nf qun sn nmbrnmtcm fjs pnrsjmcgns kn [J@ [J@. Nm prdlnr fuocr, fc pnfì`ufc nm `unstdðm ns kdrdodkc pjr Rd`nmtn Rdffcmunvc nm nf cój 193? nm Nspcóc, ec`n pcrtn knf oämnrj kn fc `jlnkdc y, pjr `jmsdoudnmtn, ns umc ckcptc`dðm kn umc jarc tnctrcf ejlðmdlc knf `jlnkdðorcbj brcm`äs Fcurnmt Acbbdn. Knskn fc sdmjpsds kn fc pnfì`ufc, sn punkn vnr fc pnrspn`tdvc kn fjs kdbnrnmtns `jmtnxtjs y cladnmtns pjr fjs qun tdnmnm qun ecadtcr 2 kn fjs pnrsjmcgns kn fc ldslc. Nm nf `jldnmzj kn nstc, sn ec`n pjsdafn kdvdscr nf prdlnr `jmtnxtj sj`dcf dmku`dkj acgj nf [J@, j fc jasnsdðm kn fc `jmtcldmc`dðm , nstn ns umc kn fcs jasnsdjmns lãs `jlumns, y sn `crc`tnrdzc pjr nf ldnkj drrc`djmcf y nxconrckj c fc su`dnkck, c fjs oärlnmns y c pjsdafnlnmtn `jmtrcnr umc nmbnrlnkck. Ycrc rnprnsnmtcr fc prnsnm`dc kn nstn tj`, `jmj`nljs c Afcm`c Qudz Yärnz  Yärnz  umc lugnr kn 0> cójs kn nkck fc `ucf ns umc csdstnmtn kn fcajrctjrdj, cfoj um pj`j rntðrd`j pjr nf en`ej kn pckn`nr prn`dsclnmtn nstn trcstjrmj.  @jlj sn punkn vnr nm fc pnfì`ufc, Afcm`c vdvn prnj`upckc pjr fc pjsdadfdkck kn dmbn`tcrsn y nm `ucmtj pdnmsc qun `ucfqudnr ac`tnrdc j vdrus ec pjkdkj cf`cmzcrfc, mj punkn nvdtcr scfdr `jrrdnmkj pcrc knsdmbn`tcrsn fj cmtns pjsdafn. Pdoudnmkj pjr fc ldslc fìmnc, funoj mjs prnsnmtcm c Cmc c  Cmc Lcrìc Ocfdmkj qudäm Ocfdmkj qudäm mj nspn`dbd`c su nkck, pnrj rndtnrc qun su sdomj zjkdc`cf ns Pcodtcrdj, nffc pjr nf Mn`nsdkck `nsdkck kn `jlprj ac`dðm j kukc `jmtrcrdj pckn`n um [J@ knmjldmckj `jlj Mn pctjfðod`c,  Cmc ns umc pnrsjmc um pj`j ejstdf y orjsnrc, umc lugnr qun `jmstcmtnlnmtn acrcgc fcs pjsdadfdkckns kn ecanr kngckj cfoj sdm ec`nr nm `csc `jlj `nrrcr fjs ordbjs, fcs vnmtcmcs, nf ocs, j ecanr kngckj umc fuz nm`nmkdkc, y tjkcs fcs `jmsn`unm`dcs `ctcstrðbd`cs qun pjkrìcm knrdvcr kn nsjs kns`udkjs.  Cknlãs, jtrc kn fcs `crc`tnrìstd`cs `crc`tnrìstd`cs kn Cmc ns nf en`ej kn qun sn scmtdouc scmtdouc kn lcmnrc `jmstcmtn, ns kn`dr, ec`n `ru`ns kn bjrlc supnrstd`djsc supnrstd`djs c y c su vnz, kd`dnmkj jrc`djmns. Lnm`djmc tcladäm qun su `jfjr bcvjrdtj ns nf czuf, pnrj nspn`ìbd`clnmtn um czuf `dnfj, mj tcm `nfnstn, lãs adnm js`urj `jlj nf `jfjr kn fc rjpc fc `ucf usc nm nf ljlnmtj.

 

Kurcmtn nf trcms`ursj kn fc pnfì`ufc mjs lunstrcm fc ns`nmc nm kjmkn kdvdscljs c Fdffy (Fdfdcmc), Fdffy  (Fdfdcmc), umc dmstru`tjrc kn acdfn j zulac, qudäm c pnscr kn trcacgcr tcladäm pckn`n kn [J@, sdm nlacroj, nf tj` kn Fdffy ns kn rnpntd`dðm , ns kn`dr, nffc sn `crc`tnrdzc pjr rnpntdr kn bjrlc dmsdstnmtn brcsns j pcfcarcs kd`ecs pjr sì ldslc, j pjr fjs knlãs nm su nmtjrmj yc qun pjsnn fc `rnnm`dc `rnnm` dc kn qun csì nvdtcrã qun j`urrc cfoumc `ctãstrjbn tnldkc. Fdffy lnm`djmc qun su [J@ [ J@ cpcrn`dð nm nf ljlnmtj nm qun lunrn su pckrn y y,, knskn nmtjm`ns nffc tnln c qun ffnoun nf kìc kn su lunrtn. Pdoudnmkj `jm fc rutdmc ecadtucf kn nstcs pnrsjmcs, nm`jmtrcljs c Jttj Jttj,, qudäm rncflnmtn sn ffclc Lcmjfj, sdmj qun, nf ldslj kn`dkdð mjlarcrsn csì pjr nf en`ej kn qun su mjlarn ns sdlätrd`j. Nm nstn ldslj jrknm kn dkncs, nf [J@ qun pckn`n Jttj ns `crc`tnrìstd`j pjr nstcr sdnlprn cf tcmtj knf jrknm  y kn fc sdlntrìc, aus`c pcfdcr um tnljr kn qun sd mj sn ec`n cfoj j`urrdrã umc knsorc`dc, j ldtdocr fc snmsc`dðm knscorckcafn kn qun fcs `jscs mj sjm `jlj knanrìcm snr. Jttj lnm`djmc qun su [J@ rnfu`n knskn su ckjfns`nm`dc y, cum csì, äf tdnmn um prjafnlc lãs orcmkn, nf kn mj snr `cpcz kn pdscr fcs fìmncs, yc sncm acfkjscs, rupturcs nm nf sunfj kn fc `cffn j `jlpfntclnmtn nf cfbjlarckj kn umc scfc nm fc qun nstã dmlnrsj. Qndtnrc tcladäm qun ns cfoudnm knfdmncmtn. Nmtrn jtrjs trcstjrmjs rnfc`djmckjs `jm nf [J@, nm`jmtrcljs nf trcstjrmj pjr  C`u  C` u lu lufc` fc`dð dð m , c lnmukj `jmbumkdkj `jm nf Pìmkrjln kn Kdðonmns y `crc`tnrdzckj pjr fc kdbd`uftck pcrc knsec`nrsn kn jagntjs y fc mn`nsdkck kn oucrkcrfjs, sdm rnpcrcr nm su vcfjr rncf. Nmtnmkdkj csì, `jmj`nljs c Nldfdj Nldfdj,, um ejlarn knkd`ckj c fc fcajr kn tcxdstc nm fc `dukck, `jm 0? cójs kn nkck, pnrj mj ns nstn trcstjrmj nf qun lãs `crc`tnrdzc c Nldfdj, Nldfdj, sdmj  sdmj su crdtljlcmìc,  ns kn`dr, fc jasnsdðm qun fn ffnvc c ec`nr `jmtdmujs `ãf`ufjs lnmtcfns y rjkncr su vdkc kn m÷lnrjs. ^m ngnlpfj kn nstc jasnsdðm ns nf en`ej kn qun, kurcmtn sus trcyn`tjs kn trcacgj, `unmtc fc `cmtdkck kn vn`ns nm fc qun pnr`dan nf cutja÷s kn fc fìmnc 4 knfcmtn kn äf, j fcs vn`ns nm fcs qun sn nm`unmtrc c um ldmd `jjpnr vnrkn kcmkj vunftcs nm fc `dukck. C knlãs `ucmkj ffnoc c su `dtc c`jrkckc `jm nf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj (psdqudctrc), `unmtc fjs ns`cfjmns kn fjs > pdsjs qun `jmku`nm c fc scfc kn su kj`tjr dm`jms`dnmtnlnmtn. Nmtrn fjs pc`dnmtns kn fc scfc kn nspnrc knf Kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj nm`jmtrcljs c Bnknrd`j,, qudnm sn `jmj`n pjr su pn`ufdcr trcstjrmj, `jmj`dkj `jlj Pìmkrjln kn Bnknrd`j [jurnttn. Nstn trcstjrmj sn `crc`tnrdzc pjr prnsnmtcr vcrdjs td`s ljtjrns y umj j vcrdjs td`s vnracfns8 Nmtrn fjs td`s lãs `urdjsjs kn nstn trcstjrmj nm`jmtrcljs fc `jprjfcfdc  y fc `jprjprcxdc  (lnm`djmcr brcsns, pcfcarcs y c`tjs jas`nmjs).  Cumqun fjs td`s td`s y fcs fcs `jlpufsdjmns `jlpufsdjmns sjm nm j`csdjmns j`csdjmns kdbì`dfns kdbì`dfns kn kdbnrnm`dcr, kdbnrnm`dcr, mj sjm fj ldslj, pjr fj qun nf [rcstjrmj kn fc [jurnttn mj ns rncflnmtn um [J@. Bnknrd`j mjs `unmtc kurcmtn fc tnrcpdc kn orupj rncfdzckc, qun su trcstjrmj cpcrn`dð c fjs 33

 

cójs kn nkck y knskn nmtjm`ns ecstc sus 29 cójs y `jmtcmkj, ec sdkj umc fu`ec `jmstcmtn c fj fcroj kn su vdkc. Fc pnfì`ufc mjs prnsnmtc c nstjs snds pnrsjmcgns vdvdnmkj sdtuc`djmns qun punknm rnsuftcr luy `ðld`cs, sdm nlacroj, fcs pnrsjmcs qun tdnmnm qun `jmvdvdr `jm um [J@, sn nmbrnmtcm kìc trcs kìc c um orcm lcfnstcr, prjvj`ckj nm orcm pcrtn pjr nf kntnrdjrj qun subrn su vdkc c mdvnf sj`dcf, fcajrcf y nm jtrcs l÷ftdpfns ãrncs kn bum`djmcldnmtj. Nf sdomdbd`ckj `jlj tcf kn fc pnfì`ufc pnfì `ufc sn `jmstc aãsd`clnmtn kn qun fjs 2 pnrsjmcgns cmtnrdjrlnmtn prnsnmtckjs, tdnmnm umc `dtc conmkckc nm nf `jmsuftjrdj psdqudãtrd`j knf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj, qudnm ns knbnmkdkj pjr su sn`rntcrdc j rn`np`djmdstc c kn`dr qun ec nstckj kn vdcgn y pjr `jmsdoudnmtn mj ecaìc fjorckj cf`cmzcr c ffnocr c fc ejrc nstdlckc kn fcs `dtcs. Pdm nlacroj, nlacro j, cfoj dm`jenrnmtn pcrc tjkjs fjs prnsnmtns, ns qun bunrjm `dtckjs c fc ldslc ejrc, c fcs ;709 kn fc tcrkn. @jsc qun sn ec`n nxtrcóc yc qun sjm `csjs pcrtd`ufcrns y kdbnrnmtns umjs c jtrjs y mdmoumj ecaìc `jmstctckj umc tnrcpdc nm orupj. ^mc kn fcs sdtuc`djmns lãs sjspn`ejscs knf krclc kn fc pnfì`ufc ns nf en`ej kn qun > kn fjs pc`dnmtns pckn`nm kn [J@, lnmjs Bnknrd`j, qudäm pckn`n nf

trcstjrmj kn fc [jurnttn. Ynrj, ºSuä ns nf [J@:, nf [rcstjrmj Jasnsdvj @jlpufsdvj, ns um trcstjrmj qun sn `crc`tnrdzc pjr prnsnmtcr, `jlj su mjlarn dmkd`c, jasnsdjmns y `jlpufsdjmns. Ynrj, ºc quä mjs rnbnrdljs `jm jasnsdðm y `jm `jlpufsdðm: Fcs jasnsdjmns   sjm pnmscldnmtjs, dlpufsjs j dlãonmns rn`urrnmtns qun umc pnrsjmc punkn tnmnr kn lcmnrc dmtrusc, mj knsnckc. Nstcs prjku`nm nm fc pnrsjmc qun fcs subrn um orcm lcfnstcr y cmsdnkck8 T, knadkj c nstn orcm lcfnstcr qun prjku`nm, fc pnrsjmc ec`n fj pjsdafn pjr nfdldmcrfjs, domjrcrfjs j mnutrcfdzcrfjs c trcväs kn jtrjs pnmscldnmtjs j c`tjs, y c nstjs ns c fj qun ffclcljs `jlpufsdðm. Fcs `jlpufsdjmns  knf [J@ sjm `jlpjrtcldnmtjs rnpntdtdvjs qun tn sdnmtns jafdockj c `ulpfdr. Nstjs `jlpjrtcldnmtjs `jlpjrtcldn mtjs rnpntdtdvjs j c`tjs lnmtcfns tdnmnm `jlj bdm prnvnmdr j rnku`dr fc cmsdnkck rnfc`djmckc `jm tus jasnsdjmns j nvdtcr qun su`nkc cfoj lcfj. Pdm nlacroj, dmvjfu`rcrsn `jm fcs `jlpufsdjmns mj onmnrc pfc`nr y punkn cfdvdcr fc cmsdnkck sjfj tnlpjrcflnmtn. Cknlãs, ns `crc`tnrìstd`j kn fcs `jlpufsdjmns nf qun sncm rncfdzckcs sdoudnmkj umcs rnofcs rìodkcs `jlj ec`nr sdnlprn fj ldslj, kn fc ldslc lcmnrc y nf ldslj m÷lnrj kn vn`ns. [cf `jlj j`urrn `jm fcs jasnsdjmns, fcs `jlpufsdjmns tcladäm sjm sjarn tnlcs kntnrldmckjs, pjr ngnlpfj7   Fcvckj y fdlpdnzc   Rnrdbd`c`dðm

• • •

  Qn`unmtj   Jrknm

•

 

  Qnspntcr rutdmcs nstrd`tcs   Nxdodr ocrcmtìcs

• •

^mj kn fjs tnlcs lãs dlpjrtcmtns brnmtn cf [J@, ns qun mj sn `jlprnmkn `jlpfntclnmtn fc `cusc knf trcstjrmj jasnsdvj `jlpufsdvj. Nmtrn fcs prdm`dpcfns tnjrìcs, sn nm`unmtrcm fcs sdoudnmtns7 3. Adjfjoìc7 Nf [J@ punkn snr rnsuftckj kn `cladjs nm fc quìld`c mcturcf kn tu `unrpj j fcs bum`djmns `nrnarcfns. Nxdstnm cftnrc`djmns c mdvnf knf fðaufj brjmtcf knf `nrnarj, cftnrc`djmns nm nf prj`nscldnmtj kn fc dmbjrlc`dðm y cftnrc`djmns nm sustcm`dcs `jlj fc snrjtjmdmc qun tcladäm pjkrìcm nstcr dlpfd`ckcs `jlj `cuscs knf trcstjrmj jasnsdvj `jlpufsdvj. 1. Onmätd`c7   Pn scan qun `ucmkj umc pnrsjmc tdnmn um [J@ sus bcldfdcrns (dm`fuynmkj sus kns`nmkdnmtns) tdnmnm lãs prjacadfdkck kn tnmnr tcladäm um [J@, yc qun fjs cspn`tjs onmätd`js ec`nm qun umc pnrsjmc snc lãs vufmnrcafn cf trcstjrmj. Ynrj nstj mj qudnrn kn`dr qun, sd umc pnrsjmc tdnmn nf trcstjrmj, sus kns`nmkdnmtns snourj qun fj knscrrjffnm. Cknlãs, mj sn scan c`tucflnmtn quä onmns sjm fjs qun nstãm dlpfd`ckjs nm nf [J@.

0. Nmtjrmj7   Pn suodnrn qun cfoumjs bc`tjrns knf nmtjrmj, tcfns `jlj dmbn``djmns, punknm knsnm`cknmcr [J@8 Nm lnmjrns y ckjfns`nmtns sn ec kns`rdtj um suaorupj kn pc`dnmtns `jm [J@ kn dmd`dj luy arus`j y qun ecm tnmdkj cmtns umc dmbn``dðm (bumkclnmtcflnmtn cldokcfdtds) qun punkn knsnm`cknmcr um prj`nsj cutjdmlumn y prjvj`cr fjs sìmtjlcs jasnsdvj`jlpufsdvjs. ;. Nsträs j sdtuc`djmns trculãtd`cs7   Nstcs sdtuc`djmns punknm c`tdvcr fjs sìmtjlcs kn [J@, pnrj nstj mj sdomdbd`c qun nf [J@ nstä `cusckj pjr nf nsträs, pnrj sì qun nf nsträs punkn snr um kdspcrckjr knf [J@ [J @ j lcmtnmnr fjs sìmtjlcs knf trcstjrmj umc vnz ec `jlnmzckj. Pd ecs nxpnrdlnmtckj nvnmtjs trculãtd`js j nstrnscmtns, nf rdnsoj punkn snr lcyjr. Nstc rnc``dðm punkn, pjr cfo÷m ljtdvj, knsnm`cknmcr fjs pnmscldnmtjs dmtrusdvjs, fjs rdtucfns y fc cmoustdc nlj`djmcf `crc`tnrìstd`c knf trcstjrmj

Nm lu`ejs `csjs nxdstn um c`jmtn`dldnmtj qun punkn c`tucr `jlj bc`tjr knsnm`cknmcmtn knf [J@ `jlj nmbnrlnkckns, prjafnlcs kn pcrngc, nf bcffn`dldnmtj kn um snr qunrdkj, nt`ätnrc. [cladäm punkn tnmnr um pcpnf dlpjrtcmtn nm su cpcrd`dðm fc nku`c`dðm rn`dadkc nm fc dmbcm`dc, sjarn tjkj sd sn trctc kn bjrlcs kn nku`cr knlcsdckj rìodkcs.

 

Fj `dnrtj ns qun mj sn scan nxc`tclnmtn `uãf ns fc `cusc `jm`rntc, pnrj fc `jladmc`dðm kn fjs bc`tjrns adjfðod`js y kn fjs bc`tjrns sj`dcfns punknm nxpfd`cr fcs cftnrc`djmns qun sn ecm nm`jmtrckj. Acgj fcs `jlpfd`c`djmns qun nf [J@ punkn onmnrcr nm fcs pnrsjmcs qudnmns fj pckn`nm punknm rnsuftcr cfoumjs prjafnlcs kn scfuk, `jlj, pjr ngnlpfj, fc knrlctdtds  kn `jmtc`tj, yc snc pjr fcvckj brn`unmtn kn fcs lcmjs pcrc qudnmns jtjrounm nf [J@ kn kns`jmtcldmc`dðm , y/j fc dm`cpc`dkck pcrc csdstdr cf trcacgj, c fc ns`unfc j c c`tdvdkckns sj`dcfns. Cknlãs, sn punknm prnsnmtcr rnfc`djmns `jmbfd`tdvcs y onmnrcr csì umc lcfc `cfdkck kn vdkc nm onmnrcf `jlpnmsckc nm pnmscldnmtjs y `jlpjrtcldnmtjs sud`dkcs, nmtrn jtrjs. Nm nstn jrknm kn dkncs tcladäm pjknljs rndtnrcr r ndtnrcr knmtrj kn fc pnfì`ufc, qun, `ucmkj nf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj ‖mj csdstdð c fc `dtc“, fjs pnrsjmcgns pcrtd`dpcmtns knmtrj kn fc scfc kn nspnrc knf `jmsuftjrdj psdqudãtrd`j kn`dkdnrjm pjr rncfdzcr umc tnrcpdc kn orupj nm fc `ucf `ckc umj sn prnsnmtð, sc`j c fc fuz sus `jlpjrtcldnmtjs y nf mjlarn kn sus trcstjrmjs y, pjr `jmsdoudnmtn, rncfdzcrjm nm knbdmdtdvc umc tnrcpdc nmtrn nffjs ldsljs.  Cmtnrdjr c kd`ec tnrcpdc tnrcpdc orupcf, orupcf, Fdffy lnm`djmc lnm`djmc qun kurcmtn kurcmtn nf trcms`ursj trcms`ursj kn su vdkc ec prnsnm`dckj knmtrj kn sì lu`ecs dkncs casurkcs y pnmscldnmtjs dm`jrrn`tjs fjs `ucfns fn onmnrcm cmsdnkck y tnljr y fj qun fc `jmku`n c rncfdzcr kd`ecs c``djmns kn su [J@ ‖ Cfoj  Cfoj ln pcsc pcsc nm fc `canzc `canzc qun ln jafdoc jafdoc c rnpntdrfj rnpntdrfj tjkj“, sjarn tjkj pjr fc lunrtn kn su pckrn y su tnljr c qun ffnoun nm cfo÷m ljlnmtj su kìc kn ljrdr. Nstc dknc tcladäm ns `jlpcrtdkc pjr Cmc Lcrìc y pjr Afcm`c, yc qun clacs lnm`djmcm qun tcladäm pcsc pjr su lnmtn nstn tdpj kn pnmscldnmtjs dlpufsckjrns dlpufs ckjrns c `jlntnr c``djmns cfoumcs vn`ns dm`jenrnmtns. Cmc sjarn tjkj lnm`djmc qun nstjs pnmscldnmtjs sjm luy nxtrcójs y sdnlprn fjs ldsljs8 `jlj sd umc pnrsjmc vdvdnsn knmtrj kn nffc, j kjs, j trns… Cknlãs, Cmc rndtnrc `jm tjtcf `jm`dnm`dc, kn qun nffc ns umc pnrsjmc luy ldlätd`c y sus`nptdafn c tjkj fj qun vn, pjr ngnlpfj8 Pd nm fc tnfnvdsdðm nffc vn umc mjtd`dc nm fc qun um vn`dmj csnsdmð c jtrj sjfj pjr kngcr fc tnfnvdsdðm nm`nmkdkc, nffc tcladäm snrìc `cpcz kn ec`nrfj. Yjr jtrj fckj, Afcm`c lnm`djmc qun nffc nstã luy `jms`dnmtn kn su trcstjrmj, pnrj qun nxdstn jtrc Afcm`c qun vdvn nm nffc y qun fc ffnvc c ec`nr tjkcs nscs `jscs casurkcs.  Cknlãs kn nstj, tjkjs `jlpcrtnm umc ldslc dknc, tjkjs ecm sdkj cdsfckjs knf lumkj orc`dcs cf [J@ qun pckn`nm y sn `jmvdnrtn nm umc sdtuc`dðm luy kdbì`df kn sjarnffnvcr. Nm `jmsn`unm`dc, nstn trcstjrmj sunfn tnmnr orcvns nbn`tjs sj`dcfns yc qun nstc nvdtc`dðm kn nstjs nstìlufjs nstìl ufjs sunfn dlpfd`cr c mj scfdr kn `csc, mj dr c sno÷m quä sdtdjs, nt`. Cknlãs, fc Jrocmdzc`dðm Lumkdcf kn fc Pcfuk (JLP) fc `cfdbd`c `jlj umc kn fcs 19 nmbnrlnkckns lãs kds`cpc`dtcmtns. Yjr fj tcmtj, fcs `jmsn`unm`dcs lãs dlpjrtcmtns snrìcm, cdsfcldnmtj sj`dcf, prjafnlcs fcajrcfns, knprnsdðm y

 

cmsdnkck. Nm knbdmdtdvc, nstn trcstjrmj prjvj`c lu`ec dmtnrbnrnm`dc nm fc vdkc kdcrdc kn fcs pnrsjmcs qun fj pckn`nm.

 Cf ecafcr kn fc prnvnm`dðm kn nstn trcstjrmj, trcstjrmj, pjknljs rndtnrcr qun ns um trcstjrmj `jm `dnrtc orcvnkck knpnmkdnmkj sdnlprn y `ucmkj knf tdpj kn [J@, fj rn`jlnmkcafn pcrc qudnm pcknz`c nstn trcstjrmj trcst jrmj ns pnkdr prjbnsdjmcf `jm nf jagntdvj kn jrdnmtcr y ljstrcrkn nf `cldmj ckn`uckj pcrccyukc snoudrcfcum rn`up rn`upnrc`dðm nrc`dðm Nf trctcldnmtj lãs `jl÷m ns snoudr umc [nrcpdc @jomdtdvj-@jmku`tucf ([@@), fc `ucf sn knlunstrc nbd`cz pcrc nf trcstjrmj yc qun sunfn uscr tä`md`cs `jlj fc nxpjsd`dðm `jm prnvnm`dðm kn rnspunstc. Nm nstjs `csjs fj qun sn rncfdzc ns nxpjmnr orckucflnmtn c fcs pnrsjmcs c fcs sdtuc`djmns qun fn prjvj`cm rncfdzcr `jlpufsdjmns. Yjr ngnlpfj, nm nf `csj kn umc pnrsjmc `jm [J@ kn tdpj `jmtcldmc`dðm , fj qun sn ecrìc snrìc nxpjmnr orckucflnmtn c nstc pnrsjmc c fc su`dnkck n dmtnmtcr qun mj rncfdzcsn fc `jlpufsdðm kn fdlpdcrsn. Nstc tä`md`c rnqudnrn fc prnsnm`dc kn um prjbnsdjmcf. Cknlãs, nm fc [@@ tcladäm sn trctcm fjs pnmscldnmtjs drrc`djmcfns. Nm nf `csj kn fc pnfì`ufc, sn ffnoc c `dnrtj c`unrkj nmtrn fjs 2 pcrtd`dpcmtns, kn rncfdzcr nmtrn sì, umc tnrcpdc tdpj orupcf, nm fc `ucf tjkjs sn kdspjmnm c dmtnmtcr vnm`nr su [J@, nxpjmdämkjsn kdrn`tclnmtn c su lcyjr tnljr y, pjr `jmsdoudnmtn, cf ljtdvj kn sus `jlpufsdjmns. Nm nf `csj kn Afcm`c, `jlj cmtnrdjrlnmtn sn lnm`djmð, nffc pckn`n nf [J@ kn kns`jmtcldmc`dðm8 Fj qun ec`nm `jlj orupj ns kdrdodrfc cf acój kn fcs lugnrns y ec`nrfc tj`cr fc pcrtn knf fcvclcmjs nxpjmdämkjfc c fjs oärlnmns qun nstjs punkcm `jmtnmnr y nvdtãmkjfn c nffc kurcmtn umc brc``dðm kn tdnlpj, fcvcrsn fcs lcmjs `jm gcaðm `jlj sdnlprn fj ec`n.  C  Cm c  Lcrìc, fc sdnmtcm nm umc kn fcs sdffcs kn fc scfc kn nspnrc y nmtrn tjkjs fc sjlntnm c umc snrdn kn prnoumtcs qun fc ecrãm kukcr kuk cr kn sì y `jlprjacr sd rncflnmtn rncfdzð fc c``dðm, ns kn`dr, nm nstn `csj, fn prnoumtcm c Cmc sjarn sd `croc c÷m fcs ffcvns kn fc `csc nm su ajfsj, y/j, pjr nf `jmtrcrdj, kjmkn fcs ecarã punstj. Pdm nlacroj, nm nstc tnrcpdc j`urrn um pnqunój knsfdz, yc qun Cmc kd`n mj snmtdr fcs ffcvns knmtrj kn su ajfsj, fj qun fn j`csdjmc cmsdnkck y snoudkclnmtn um ctcqun kn pãmd`j y/j umc nspcsljbdfdc. Ycrc trctcr nf [J@ kn Fdffy µ tjkjs sn rn÷mnm nm fc lnsc y kdrdodämkjsn kdrn`tclnmtn kdr n`tclnmtn c Fdffy ec`nm qun nffc prjmum`dn umcs pcfcarcs kn sðfj umc sìfcac, sdnlprn y `ucmkj ecoc nf nsbunrzj pjr mj rnpntdr nstcs ldslcs kjs j lãs vn`ns, cumqun, nst nstc c tnrcpdc bun um tjtcf knscstrn y mj sn fjorð nf bdm. [rctcr c Bnknrd`j  tcladäm bun cfoj dmsctdsbc`tjrdj, yc qun fn jtjrocrjm 0 ldmutjs pcrc dmtnmtcr fdldtcrfj c lnm`djmcr cfoumc jas`nmdkck, pnrj sdlpfnlnmtn mj fj fjorð.

 

Yjr nf fckj kn Nldfdj , nf tcxdstc crdtljlcmdc`j, ed`dnrjm umc bdfc brnmtn c äf n dacm prnoumtãmkjfn sjarn fjs rnsuftckjs kn cfoumcs jpnrc`djmns lctnlãtd`cs c fcs qun äf knaìc rnspjmknr lcf j nvckdr fc rnspunstc c kd`ec dmtnrrjocmtn, pnrj umc vnz lãs, mj fjorð `jmtnmnrsn y tjkj fj `cf`ufcac kn lcmnrc nbd`cz. Yjr ÷ftdlj, pcrc cyukcr c Jttj   `jm su dm`cpc`dkck c `cldmcr pjr nm`dlc kn fcs fìmncs, Nldfdj fn vnmkð fjs jgjs `jm umc tnfc y fj edzj `cldmcr csì `jm vdsdðm mufc nm nf cfbjlarckj knf pdsj qun nstcac kdsnóckj c acsn kn fìmncs kn kdbnrnmtns orjsjrns y `jfjrns. Nm nf `csj kn Jttj, pjr um pnqunój ljlnmtj sd fjorð `cldmcr sjarn fcs fìmncs, pnrj cf dmstcmtn kn qun Nldfdj fn qudtc fn vnmkc pcrc qun nstn sn kdnrc `unmtc kn su orcm cf`cm`n, Jttj scftc dmlnkdctclnmtn c fjs arczjs kn Nldfdj pjr fc cmsdnkck qun fn onmnrð vnrsn ceì sjarn nstcs fìmncs. ^mj kn fjs ljlnmtjs lãs `ru`dcfns y `jm um pj`j kn javdnkck (sdnlprn y `ucmkj sn ecyc prnstckj ctnm`dðm c fc fìmnc kn fc pnfì`ufc)8 Ns nf ljlnmtj nm nf qun sn kns`uarn tjtcflnmtn qun nf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj sdnlprn nstuvj prnsnmtn kurcmtn fc tnrcpdc orupcf nm fc scfc kn nspnrc knf `jmsuftjrdj psdqudãtrd`j, ºpnrj pjr quä:, pjr nf en`ej kn qun nf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj ns nf snójr Bnknrd`j, ns kn`dr, fc sn`rntcrdc kn äf c`t÷j nm bjrlc kd`dämkjfn c tjkjs fjs pcrtd`dpcmtns qun nf Kj`tjr mj sn pukj prnsnmtcr nm fc tnrcpdc pjr qun nstcac kn vdcgn y qun nstn ldslj, nstcac kn rnornsj fj cmtns pjsdafn. Nstj sn rncfdzð pcrc kcrfn c fc tnrcpdc um tjqun um pj`j lãs `ctãrtd`j, yc qun, nmtrn fjs ldsljs pc`dnmtns, euaj nf dmtnräs, fc ljtdvc`dðm, y, pjr `jmsdoudnmtn, fc rnprjku``dðm kn um tdpj kn tnrcpdc orupcf, pnrj c su vnz, ldkdnmkj fc dmd`dctdvc dmkdvdkucf nm nf ljlnmtj kn nxprnscr cadnrtclnmtn fjs pnmscldnmtjs y snmtdldnmtjs brnmtn cf orupj yc qun tjkjs dacm nm nf ldslj acr`j .  ‖  

“  

 Cumqun brnmtn c Bnknrd`j, Bnknrd`j, sdnlprn nxdstdnrjm nxdstdnrjm cfoumjs cfoumjs ljlnmtjs kn sjspn`e sjspn`ec. c. Yrdlnrj, äf ns nf ÷md`j nmtrn nffjs qun mj pckn`n [J@, sdmj, tdnmn nf sìmkrjln kn [jurnttn. Pnoumkj, ns umc pnrsjmc luy nxpnrdlnmtckc y sn mjtc qun `croc um mdvnf nku`ctdvj cftj. [nr`nrj, c`fcrcmkj um pj`j fc snoumkc sjspn`ec, ns qudäm sdnlprn fns kc um mjlarn c tjkjs fjs tdpjs kn [J@ kn fjs pnrsjmcgns nm `unstdðm8 Cknlãs nstj sn vn tcladäm rnbfngckj nm fc ns`nmc nm qun Cmc Lcrìc sn sjbj`c y subrn nf ctcqun kn pãmd`j y äf fj knmjldmc `jlj umc nspcsljbdfdc, c fj qun nffc rnspjmkn ‖pnrj qun acracrdkck, ustnk tdnmn um mjlarn pcrc tjkj, cfoudnm qun ln fj nxpfdqun“. Nf sìmkrjln nf `ucf pckn`n nf snójr Bnknrd`j, ns kn`dr, nf sìmkrjln kn [jurnttn, sn `crc`tnrdzc pjr l÷ftdpfns td`s ljtjrns, (nm nf `csj kn Bnknrd`j, oudócr nf jgj) y cf lnmjs um td` vj`cf j bðmd`j (`jlj fcs pcfcarcs y brcsn jas`nmcs qun kn`ìc), sn kns`jmj`n fc `cusc nxc`tc knf sìmkrjln kn fc [jurnttn, yc qun ns um trcstjrmj

 

`jlpfngj qun, prjacafnlnmtn, sn knsnm`cknmc c `cusc kn umc `jladmc`dðm kn bc`tjrns enrnkckjs (onmätd`js) y cladnmtcfns. @ucrtj, kurcmtn umc brc``dðm lìmdlc lìm dlc kn snoumkjs, nm nf ljlnmtj nm qun Cmc Lcrìc dac c `jlnmzcr `jm su tnrcpdc nffc sn nm`unmtrc rnzcmkj y cpcrn`n um ãmoufj kn orcac`dðm qun lunstrc tjkjs fjs kdpfjlcs jtjrockjs cf kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj Ycfjlnr j y sn punkn tjmcr nm umj kn nffjs fc B carnvdckc cf mjlarn Bnknrd`j.

Bdmcflnmtn, fjs pnrsjmcgns punstjs nm ns`nmc sn ec`nm `jms`dnmtns kn su prjafnlc, y nmtrn tjkjs jpdmcm qun nf [J@ mj tdnmn mckc qun vnr `jm fc fj`urc, qun sdnmtnm `ufpc, pjsnnm snmtdldnmtjs, y nstãm `jms`dnmtns kn tjkj fj qun fns pcsc. ‖  

Nf prjafnlc ns qun c fjs scmjs fns `unstc nmtnmknrmjs, pnrj lu`ejs kn nsjs scmjs nstãm pnjr qun mjsjtrjs . “  

[J@ [J@, ns nf mjlarn kckj c fc pnfì`ufc, sdm nlacroj, pjknr kn`dr qun ns knmjldmckc csì prdm`dpcflnmtn pjr nf tdpj kn trcstjrmj nstukdcmkj nm nffc, ns kn`dr, nf [J@ `jlj tcf. ^mc bjrlc kdvnrtdkc kn vnr nstj y um pj`j pcsckc pjr knscpnr`dadkc ns qun fc rn`np`djmdstc j fc sn`rntcrdc knf Kj`tjr Ycfjlnrj, nmtrn nm fc scfc cardnmkj fc punrtc y kd`dnmkj ‖tj` tj`“ rnbfngcmkj nf sjmdkj kn fc punrtc cf ffclcr nm nffc j tj`crfc.

 

@ucmkj Jttj sn nstã prnsnmtcmkj y `unmtc fc edstjrdc kn su rnfc`dðm bcffdkc, Cmc Lcrìc fn prnoumtc qun `jlj sn ffclcac su trcstjrmj, c fj qun Bnknrd`j fn rnspjmkn ‖[J@“  nf `ucf sjm fcs sdofcs kn ‖[rcstjrmj Jasnsdvj @jlpufsdvj“  y pjr `jmsdoudnmtn, Fdffy knadkj c su prjafnlc rnpdtn kd`dnmkj cf bdm, ‖tj` tj`“.

 

[cladäm yc `ucmkj tjkjs sn knspdknm kn fc tnrcpdc y sn nm`unmtrcm c fc scfdkc knf nkdbd`dj nm nf qun nstã nf `jmsuftjrdj psdqudãtrd`j, nffjs sn tjlcm umc bjtj y `jdm`dknm nm `rncr um orupj kn _ectsCpp pcrc prðxdlclnmtn jrocmdzcr jtrc tnrcpdc orupcf, kd`ej orupj tcladäm ns mjlarckj ‖tj` tj`“.

Jtrj cspn`tj psd`jfðod`j kdspunstj c cmcfdzcr, ns nf ljlnmtj nm qun Afcm`c fn kd`n cf orupj qun umc psd`ðfjoc umc vnz fn kdgj qun nf `jfjr qun nfnodljs tdnmn lu`ej qun vnr `jm munstrj nstckj kn ãmdlj. Nf `jfjr kn Jttj , ns nf `jfjr vnrkn, yc qun kd`n qun ns nf `jfjr knf lnkdj knf cr`jìrds (rjgj, mcrcmgc, clcrdffj) pjr um fckj, y (nf czuf, ìmkdoj y vdjfntc) pjr nf jtrj. [nmdnmkj nm `unmtc qun ns umc pnrsjmc jasnsdjmckj `jm fc sdlntrìc. Nf `jfjr kn Afcm`c, ns nf `jfjr afcm`j, yc qun cf afcm`j sn fn csj`dc `jm fc brns`urc y fc fdlpdnzc. Nf `jfjr kn Bnknrd`j , ns nf `jfjr nspnrcmzc, ns nf ÷md`j `jfjr kn su vdkc, su nx nspjsc. Tc qun nstn rnprnsnmtc fc fuz, fc bnfd`dkck y fc caumkcm`dc. Nf `jfjr kn Nldfdj , ns nf `jfjr rjgj y afcm`j. Nf rjgj trcmsldtn fc cornsdvdkck, fc bunrzc y fc rnvjfu`dðm. Nf `jfjr kn Fdffy , ns nf `jfjr ords, pnmsð qun fn trcnrìc sunrtn, nf ordsords ns um clufntj cbrd`cmj kn fc sunrtn.  Nf `jfjr kn  Cm c  Lcrìc, ns nf `jfjr czuf `dnfj. `dnfj. Nf `ucf rnprnsnmtc fc vnrkck, fc bn, y trcmsldtn trcmqudfdkck y pcz.

 

J[QJP BC@[JQNP   Cmc Lcrìc kd`n lu`ec fc brcsn ‖Cfoudnm qun ln fj nxpfdqun“, y cknlãs ns Kdsfäxd`c.   Jttj lnm`djmc lu`ej fc pcfcarc ‖Bnmjlnmcf“.  

•

•

JYDMDÐM YNQPJMCF Nstc pnfì`ufc ec onmnrckj nm lì, cfoumjs snmtdldnmtjs `jmbusjs, prdlnrclnmtn, prdlnr clnmtn, ln ctrcgj lu`ej nf `ðlj fjorcrjm ckcptcr um trcstjrmj psd`jfðod`j qun pjsnn umc orcm rnpnr`usdðm nm qudäm fc pckn`n, y sjarn tjkj fjs kdbnrnmtns tdpjs kn [J@ qun nxdstnm, nm umc pnfì`ufc kn oämnrj `ðld`j acstcmtn dmtnrnscmtn y sctdsbc`tjrdc kn vnr. @ucmkj lnm`djmj qun ec onmnrckj nm lì, cfoumjs snmtdldnmtjs `jmbusjs, ln rnbdnrj c qun nstc pnfì`ufc ln ffnvð c nmbj`cr ld ldrckc ec`dc um buturj y c kdvdscrln `jlj umc prjbnsdjmcf nm nf ãrnc psd`jfðod`c y csì, trctcr `jm pc`dnmtns `jm nstn tdpj kn trcstjrmjs y lãs. Nm cfo÷m ljlnmtj knf krclc kn fc pnfì`ufc ln nstrnsä pjr nf en`ej kn qun sjm lu`ecs pnrsjmcs kdbì`dfns kn trctcr nm um ldslj fuocr kdcfjocmkj y c`tucmkj kn kdbnrnmtns lcmnrcs sdm cfo÷m jrknm. Pdm nlacroj, nstj sðfj ln `jmku`n c pnmscr sjarn ld buturj prjbnsdjmcfdslj, y sjarn nf lcmngj qun knaj jatnmnr `jm nf trcms`ursj kn ld bjrlc`dðm nm nf ãrnc pcrc fjorcr ckqudrdr fc nlpctìc `jm nf jtrj y fc pc`dnm`dc subd`dnmtn pcrc nm`cldmcr su trctcldnmtj. Ynrsjmcflnmtn, snrã umc pnfì`ufc qun rn`jlnmkcrä pjr qun kngc umc orcm nmsnócmzc nku`ctdvc y, cknlãs, umc lngjr ldrckc ec`dc fc sjfdkcrdkck y c fc nlpctìc `jm fcs pnrsjmcs qun rncflnmtn mn`nsdtcm cyukc.