Tips to write a thesis

^cps tl wrctd f thdscs

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^cps tl wrctd f thdscs 6. Pdsdfrbh ilnda > 6.6. Slur qudstclk / cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb  > 6.0. Idthlns > 6.2. ^hdlry > 6.>. Pdsuats > 6.4. Ncsbussclk, blkbausclk, rdbliidknftclks > 0. Gckn f qudstclk / f k cndf / f prl`adi ylu wfkt tl mklw ilrd f`lut. ^hd ndnubtcvd fpprlfbh5 Grli jdkdrfa tl spdbcgcb 4 0.6. Nl rdsdfrbh lk tlpcbs ylu gckn cktdrdstckj  4 0.6.6. _lssc`cactcds tl jdt ckspcrdn 4 0.6.0. ^cps tl nl rdsdfrbh lk thd Cktdrkdt, glr dxfipad lk jlljad.bli  4 0.0. Dvfauftd rdsuats lg ylur rdsdfrbh  7 0.2. Bhllsd f tlpcb / qudstclk /cndf / prl`adi ylu gckn pfrtcbuafray c ktdrdstckj 7 0.>. Ndsbrc`d rdfslks glr thd qudstclk / prl`adi ylu wfkt tl wlrm lk  8 0.>.6. Cktdrkfa rdfslks 8 0.>.0. Dxtdrkfa rdfslks 8 2. Ndsbrc`d hlw rdadvfkt thd cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb cs glr whli  6? 2.6. Hlw rdadvfkt cs thcs cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb glr ylu<  6? 2.0. Hlw rdadvfkt cs thcs cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb glr usdrs / bustlidrs lg ylur wlrm<  6? 2.2. Zhl frd thd prcifry bustlidrs lg ylur thdscs ‒ thdscs  ‒ fkn  fkn whft nl thdy kddn. Ndgckd ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk 60 >.6. Ndgckd f kfrrlw rdsdfrbh qudstclk  60 >.0. Glriuaftd f sbcdktcgcb rdsdfrbh qudstclk  62 >.2. Ndgckd thd tctad lg ylur thdscs  6> 4. Gckn lut whcbh idthlns tl usd tl nl ylur rdsdfrbh 64 4.6. Zhft cs f sbcdktcgcb idthln<  64 4.0. Ncggdrdkbds `dtwddk qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd rdsdfrbh idthlns  67 4.2. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns  6: 4.2.6. Fnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns 6: 4.2.0. Ncsfnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns 68 4.>. _lssc`cactcds tl bli`ckd qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns  63 4.>.6. _rdacickfry ilnda 63 4.>.0. Jdkdrfaczftclk ilnda  63 4.>.2. Blkslacnftclk ilnda 0? 4.>.>. ^rcfkjuaftclk ilnda 0? 4.>.4. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds bli`ckckj qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns  06 7. Rdfrbh glr thdlrcds  00 7.6. Gckn f`lut 2 thdlrcds 00 7.0. _rdsdkt fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg dfbh thdlry  00 7.2. Blipfrd thd thdlrcds fkn bhllsd thd lkd ylu wfkt tl prcifrcay usd  00 7.>. _rdsdkt thd burrdkt stftd lg rdsdfrbh  00 7.4. Zd`sctds tl usd glr sdfrbhckj lk thd Cktdrkdt  00 7.7. Bhdbm thft actdrfturd cs sbcdktcgcb  02 :. Vufktctftcvd idthln5 Rurvdy  0> :.6. Ndgckd whft ylu wfkt tl mklw  0> :.0. Bhllsd pdlpad tl sdkn ylur survdy tl  0> :.2. Ndvdalp survdy qudstclks  0> :.>. Ndvdalp fkswdrckj plssc`cactcds 04 :.4. _rdtdst ylur survdy wcth f sifaa sfipad  04 :.7. Bliiukcbftd ylur purplsd tl pdlpad fkswdrckj thd survdy  04 :.7. Fkfayzd rdsplksds tl ylur survdy  04

0/>> 8. Vufactftcvd idthln5 Cktdrvcdws 07 8.6. Ndbcnd lk thd mckn lg cktdrvcdw ylu wfkt tl nl  07 8.0. Glriuaftd qudstclks tl fsm f sm cktdrvcdwdds 07 8.0.6. Glriuaftd lpdk qudstclks 07 8.0.0. Glriuaftd blkbrdtd qudstclks 0: 8.2. Rdadbt cktdrvcdwdds 0: 8.>. Ndgckd adkjth lg dfbh cktdrvcdw  0: 8.4. Ndbcnd lk f kdutrfa pafbd glr thd cktdrvcdw  0: 8.7. _afk hlw ylu wfkt tl bliiukcbftd nurckj thd cktdrvcdw  0: 8.7.6. Ft thd stfrt lg thd cktdrvcdw, bliiukcbftd ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk tl thd cktdrvcdwdd  0: 8.7.0. Ifmd ct badfr glr thd cktdrvcdwdd thft ylu fbt ck thd rlad fs cktdrvcdwdr / rdsdfrbhdr  0: 8.7.2. Fsm qudstclks ck f klk-futhlrctfrcfk wfy  08 8.7.>. Zhdk fsmckj qudstclks, fnfpt buaturfaay tl thd cktdrvcdwdd  08 8.7.4. Acstdk tl whft thd cktdrvcdwdd cs sfyckj  08 8.7.7. Pdfbt kdutrfaay fkn fs fk lutscndr tl fkswdrs `y thd cktdrvcdwdd  08 8.7.:. Ifmd l`sdrvftclks nurckj thd c ktdrvcdw 08 8.7.8. Ft thd dkn lg thd cktdrvcdw, fsm thd cktdrvcdwdd cg hd/shd wluan acmd tl fnn fkythckj  08 8.7.3. Ft thd dkn lg thd cktdrvcdw, jcvd fkn rdbdcvd gddn`fbm tl / grli thd cktdrvcdwdd  03 8.:. ^rfksbrc`d cktdrvcdws 03 8.:.6. Dxfipad lg trfksbrcptclk 03 8.:.0. Idthlns tl trfksbrc`d cktdrvcdws  03 8.:.2. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg trfksbrc`ckj cktdrvcdws 2? 8.8. Ifmd bftdjlrcds tl fkfayzd cktdrvcdws  26 8.8.6. Dxfipad lg bftdjlry 26 8.8.0. Bftdjlrcds ndrcvdn fbblrnckj tl grdqudkbd lg wlrns  26 8.8.2. Bftdjlrcds ndrcvdn fbblrnckj tl ciplrtfkbd lg qultds `y cktdrvcdwdds  20 8.8.>. Bftdjlrcds frd ndrcvdn `y allmckj wcthck cktdrvcdw vs. allmckj fbrlss cktdrvcdws  20 8.8.4. Brctdrcf whdk ndgckckj bftdjlrcds 20 8.3. Blktrfst lpckclks lg cktdrvcdwdds fkn dxpafck why lpckclks frd ncggdrdkt  20 3. Vufactftcvd idthln5 L`sdrvftclks 22 3.6. Zhft cs l`sdrvdn. Zhl sfcn whft< Hlw ncn thdy sfy ct<  22 3.6.4. Hlw wfs thd klk-vdr`fa bliiukcbftclk lg thd pdlpad ckvlavdn<  22 3.0. Zhdrd frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd<  2> 3.0.6. L`sdrvftclks lk thd Cktdrkdt  2> 3.0.0. L`sdrvftclks ck f physcbfa rlli  2> 3.0.2. L`sdrvftclks ck f pu`acb pafbd  2> 3.2. Zhl cs l`sdrvdn 3.2.6. L`sdrvftclk lg ylursdag  2>  2> 3.2.0. L`sdrvftclk lg lthdrs 2> 3.>. Hlw frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd 3.>.6. _frtcbcpftckj vs. klt-pfrtcbcpftckj l`sdrvftclk 2> 3.>.0. Rtrubturdn vs. ukstrubturdn l`sdrvftclk 24 3.>.2. Lpdk vs. balsdn l`sdrvftclk  24 3.4. Zhdk frd l`sdrvftclks l `sdrvftclks nlkd 66.>. @rfckstlrickj ‒ @rfckstlrickj ‒ thd  thd Ncskdy idthln  2: 66.4. Rcx thckmckj hfts 2: 66.7. Brdftcvcty idthlns 2: 60. Pdsuats 28 60.6. _rdsdkt thd rdsuats 28 60.0. Pdgadbt brctcbfaay lk thd rdsuats  28 60.6. Nlbuidkt l`edbtcvcty 28 60.0. Nlbuidkt rdacf`cacty 28 60.2. Nlbuidkt vfacncty 23 62. Blkbausclk fkn rdbliidknftclks >? 6>. Vultftclk / bctftclk / rdgdrdkbckj / acst lg rdgdrdkbds / `c`acljrfphy >6 6>.6. Zhdk shluan ylu qultd / ifmd rdgdrdkbds / ifmd bctftclks  >6 6>.0. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj F_F styad<  >6 6>.0.6. @fscb bctftclk styads >6

6>.0.0. Bctckj ^wcttdr ck thd tdxt >0 6>.0.2. Bctckj Slu^u`d ck thd tdxt >0 6>.0.>. Bctckj gcjurds, ckbaunckj cifjds, grli f wd`pfjd >0 6>.2. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj IAF styad<  >0 6>.>. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj Bhcbfjl / ^urf`cfk styad<

>0 6>.4. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj Hfrvfrn styad<  >2 6>.7. Zhft shluan ylu idktclk ck thd acst lg rdgdrdkbds / `c`acljrfphy<  >2 6>.7.6. @aljs / lkackd frtcbads >2

6>.7.0. ^wcttdr plst >2 6>.7.0. Zd`sctds >2 6>.7.2. d-`llms, glr dxfipad mcknad `llm  >2 6>.7.>. _rckt `llms >> 64. Fppdkncbds >4 64.6. Fppdkncbds glr faa typds lg rdplrts  >4 64.0. Fnnctclkfa fppdkncbds glr rdplrts usckj qufktctftcvd idthlns  >4 64.2. Fnnctclkfa fppdkncbds glr rdplrts usckj qufactftcvd idthlns  >4

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6. Pdsdfrbh ilnda 6.6. Slur qudstclk / cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb Ndgckd thd qudstclk / cndf / prl`adi ylu wfkt tl mklw ilrd f`lut / gckn slautclks tl. Frjud glr thd rdadvfkbd glr usdrs / bustlidrs lg ylur wlrm. Glriuaftd f prdbcsd rdsdfrbh qudstclk.

6.0. Idthlns Ndsbrc`d idthlns ylu wfkt tl usd tl ndvdalp mklwadnjd f`lut / gurthdr dxpalrd thd cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb.

6.2. ^hdlry

Rdfrbh glr thdlrcds f`lut thd tlpcb.

6.>. Pdsuats Ndsbrc`d rdsuats lg ylur rdsdfrbh.

6.4. Ncsbussclk, blkbausclk, rdbliidknftclks Pdbliidkn fbtclks tl `d tfmdk.

Fnfptdn grli http5//www.qufactftcvd-rdsdfrbh.kdt/ckndx.php/gqs/frtcbad/vcdwFrtcbad/37:/066? http5//gafsh6r.fpf.lrj/fpfstyad/`fscbs/ckndx.hti

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0. Gckn f qudstclk / fk cndf / f prl`adi ylu wfkt tl mklw ilrd f`lut. ^hd ndnubtcvd fpprlfbh5 Grli jdkdrfa tl spdbcgcb 0.6. Nl rdsdfrbh lk tlpcbs ylu gckn cktdrdstckj

0.6.6. _lssc`cactcds tl jdt ckspcrdn       

Nl rdsdfrbh, glr dxfipad `y usckj vfrclus slbcfa idncf. 6 Ifmd l`sdrvftclks. Bliiukcbftd wcth pdlpad. _frtcbcpftd ft dvdkts ylu gckn cktdrdstckj. Nl grddwrctckj.0 ^hckm fkn ndvdalp qudstclks. Nl lthdr thckjs thrlujh whcbh ylu adfrk wdaa. 2

0.6.0. ^cps tl nl rdsdfrbh lk thd Cktdrkdt, glr dxfipad lk jlljad.bli

6

Rdfrbh tdxt

Dxpafkftclk

gcadtypd5png

Rdfrbhds lkay png gcads blktfckckj thd sdfrbh wlrn.

Zlrn6 FKN Zlrn0

Rdfrbhds gcads ck whcbh `lth wlrn6 fkn wlrn0 frd idktclkdn.

Zlrn6 LP Zlrn0

Rdfrbhds gcads ck whcbh dcthdr wlrn6 lr wlrn0 frd idktclkdn.

Zlrn6 KL^ Zlrn0

Rdfrbhds gcads ck whcbh wlrn6 cs idktclkdn, fkn fasl tdxts ck whcbh wlrn6 fkn wlrn0 frd idktclkdn.

Zlrn6 KDFP

Rdfrbhds wlrns balsd tl wlrn6

Zlrn6*

Rdfrbhds wlrns thft frd blkkdbtdn tl wlrn6.

sctd5.bh

Rdfrbhds lkay rdsuats dknckj wcth .bh

cktctad5vdalbcty

Rdfrbhds lkay rdsuats wcth vdalbcty ck tctad.

ndgckd5bhfkjd

Ndgckds thd wlrn ‑bhfkjd’. ‑bhfkjd’.

blktrla + G

F sdfrbh `lx fppdfrs lk thd pfjd. Ck thd sdfrbh `lx, typd whft ylu wfkt tl sdfrbh glr lk thd pfjd tl gckn thd ckglriftclk dggcbcdktay.

https5//ndacbclus.bli/grfkmbfa`drj/rdsdfrbh http5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/28880080/Grdd-Zrctckj 2 http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/adfrkckj-strftdjcds-66>:8323 0

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0.0. Dvfauftd rdsuats lg ylur rdsdfrbh ^lpcb5 Rdfrbh wlrns5 Zd`sctds usdn tl nl rdsdfrbh5

Pdsuats Dxfipad5 Ackm tl rdadvfkt `alj plstckj.

Dvfauftclk lg rdsuats    

Kui`dr fkn qufacty lg slurbds usdn tl wrctd plstckj. Kui`dr fkn qufacty lg bliidkts tl `alj plstckj. Kui`dr lg ackms tl `alj plstckj. Vufacty lg slurbds lk whcbh ackm tl `alj plstckj cs idktclkdn.

0.2. Bhllsd f tlpcb / qudstclk /cndf / prl`adi ylu gckn pfrtcbuafray cktdrdstckj Vudstclks Zhft cndf / prl`adi nl ylu hfvd< Zhft ifmds ylu burclus< Zhft cktdrdsts ylu thd ilst< Zhft prl`adi nl ylur bustlidrs fkn/lr ylu hfvd< Hlw wluan ylu ndsbrc`d ylur cndf< Zhcbh dxfipad nl ylu hfvd thft dxpafcks thd prl`adi wdaa< Hlw ncn thd cndf / prl`adi ylu hfvd jdt cktl ylur hdfn< Zhcbh dvdkts adn tl thd prl`adi< Hlw ncn ylu `dblid cktdrdstdn ck thcs cndf / prl`adi< Zhdk ncn ylu gcrst stfrt thckmckj f`lut thcs cndf / prl`adi< Zhdk ncn ylu rdfn / hdfr / sdd slidthckj thft ckspcrdn ylu tl stuny thcs cndf / prl`adi ck ilrd ndtfca< Zhdrd ncn ylu gcrst stfrt thckmckj f`lut thcs cndf / prl`adi< Zhdrd ncn ylu rdfn / hdfr / sdd slidthckj thft ckspcrdn ylu tl stuny thcs cndf / prl`adi ck ilrd ndtfca<

Fkswdrs

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Vudstclks Zhft hfppdkdn< Zhft ncn ylu l`sdrvd / hdfr / sdd<

Zhl pafydn f rlad tl jdt y lu stfrtdn thckmckj f`lut thcs cndf / thcs prl`adi< F blaadfjud ft wlrm< F grcdkn< F gficay idi`dr< Fk futhlr lg fk frtcbad<    

Zhft ncn thd pdlpad nl tl jdt ylur stfrtdn thckmckj f`lut thcs cndf / prl`adi<

Zhy ncn ylu stfrt thckmckj f`lut thcs cndf / prl`adi< Zhy cs ct ciplrtfkt glr ylu tl dxpalrd thcs cndf gurthdr / tl gckn slautclks tl thcs prl`adi< Hlw ciplrtfkt cs thcs glr thd guturd lg thd pdlpad ylu bfrd f alt f`lut< Zhy<

Hlw blkvckbdn frd ylu thft ylu bfk ifmd thcs cndf hfppdk / thft ylu bfk slavd thcs prl`adi< Zhft, ck pfrtcbuafr, ifmds ylu blkvckbdn< ^l whft dxtdkt bfk ylu ifmd thcs thd ifelr glbus lg ylur acgd< Hlw< ^l whft dxtdkt nlds thd cndf gct ylur vfauds<

Zhft wcaa bhfkjd whdk ylu hfvd ndvdalpdn thcs cndf / slavdn thcs prl`adi< Zhft ckglriftclk nl ylu kddn tl mklw ilrd<

Fkswdrs

8/>>

0.>. Ndsbrc`d rdfslks glr thd qudstclk / prl`adi ylu wfkt tl wlrm lk

0.>.6. Cktdrkfa rdfslks _drslkfactcds Blipdtdkbcds lg pdlpad wlrmckj glr thd blipfky _rlbdssds lg thd blipfky Idthlns usdn `y thd blipfky Lrjfkczftclkfa strubturd C^ systdis Iftdrcfas usdn `y thd blipfky ^dbhklaljcds thft thd blipfky usds

0.>.0. Dxtdrkfa rdfslks Bustlidrs Ruppacdrs Blipdtctlrs _lactcbfa bhfkjds ck thd dxtdrkfa dkvcrlkidkt Dblklicb bhfkjds ck thd dxtdrkfa dkvcrlkidkt ^dbhklaljcbfa bhfkjds ck thd dxtdrkfa dkvcrlkidkt Ndiljrfphcb fkn buaturfa bhfkjds ck thd dxtdrkfa dkvcrlkidkt Adjfa bhfkjds ck thd dxtdrkfa dkvcrlkidkt

Gurthdr ckspcrftclk http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/pdstda https5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/2>368>0:/_rl`adi-fkfayscs-idthlns

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2. Ndsbrc`d hlw rdadvfkt thd cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb cs glr whli 2.6. Hlw rdadvfkt cs thcs cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb glr ylu< Vudstclks

Fkswdrs

Zhy nlds thcs cndf / tlpcb / prl`adi rdfaay ifttdr glr ylu

Hlw ciplrtfkt cs thcs cndf / prl`adi glr thd guturd lg thd pdlpad ylu bfrd f`lut< Zhy<

Hlw blkvckbdn frd ylu thft ylu bfk ifmd thcs hfppdk < Zhft, ck pfrtcbuafr, ifmds ylu blkvckbdn<

^l whft dxtdkt bfk ylu ifmd thcs thd ifelr glbus lg ylur wlrm / acgd< Hlw<

^l whft dxtdkt nlds thd cndf gct ylur vfauds <

Gurthdr ckspcrftclk http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/whft-cs-thd-blipfky-purplsd http5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/270???6?/Vudstclks-tl-ncsblvdr-ylur-vfauds

2.0. Hlw rdadvfkt cs thcs cndf / prl`adi / tlpcb glr usdrs / bustlidrs lg ylur wlrm< Rdd, glr dxfipad, https5//`llms.jlljad.bli/kjrfis

>

http5//wd`.h`r.lrj/difca/frbhcvd/ifkfjdidkttcp.php>

2.2. Zhl frd thd prcifry bustlidrs lg ylur thdscs ‒  fkn  fkn whft nl thdy kddn< Cg ylu nl klt  hfvd  hfvd f pfrtcbuafr cktdkndn funcdkbd ck ickn lr cg ylu thckm thft ylur rdsdfrbh cs glr dvdry`lny, ylur wrctckj dfscay `dblids tll jdkdrfa. 4

Bustlidr lg thdscs

Kddn

Bustlidrs lg thd blipfky

Zfkts f bhdfpdr prlnubt thft `dttdr sftcsgcds hcs / hdr kddns.

@usckdss pfrtkdrs / blaadfjuds

@usckdss prfbtctclkdrs frd cktdrdstdn ck ylur rdsuats fkn thdcr prfbtcbfa cipacbftclks, klt lk hlw ylur bfid up wcth thd rdsuats.

Pdsdfrbhdrs

Fbfndicb funcdkbd cs cktdrdstdn ck hlw thdlry cs ckvlavdn fkn ackmdn tl ylur rdsdfrbh.

Blfbh / blksuatfkt / fnvcslr / idktlr

Cktdrdstdn ck faa fspdbts ‒ fspdbts  ‒ ckbaunckj  ckbaunckj ylur fbtcvcty nurckj thd prlbdss, c.d. hlw iubh ylu blktckulusay rdfn. wrctd. bliiukcbftd wcth lthdrs. rdgadbt / thckm. try thckjs lut / dxpdrcidkt.     

Idncf

Slursdag

^hd idncf cs ilst lgtdk cktdrdstdn ck thd kdws, c.d. whft kdw, dxbctckj, fkn surprcsckj thckjs ylu bfk sfy f`lut slid `usckdssrdaftdn cssud. 



Cktdrdst ck wlrmckj lk fk cndf lg ylur lwk thft bluan adfn tl fk lpdrftclk / blipfky / `usckdss. Cktdrdst ck ckbrdfsckj ylur ifrmdt vfaud.

Mddpckj usdrs / bustlidrs lg ylur wlrm ck ickn ifmds ct dfscdr tl ndbcnd hlw iubh ckglriftclk tl ckbaund fkn whft tl adfvd lut. 7 Ck thcs rdjfrn, ct ify fasl `d hdapgua glr ylu tl fpprlfbh whft ylu wrctd wcth thd 0?58? prckbcpad ck ickn. Glr dxfipad, try tl glbus lk thd 0?% lg ylur blktdkt thft cs rdfaay usdgua glr 8?% lg thd usdrs / rdfndrs / bustlidrs lg ylur thdscs. : Rlid thckjs tl ncsblvdr f`lut ylur rdfndrs / usdrs / bustlidrs 85 Zhl frd thdy< Zhft nl thdy mklw ‒ mklw  ‒ fkn  fkn whft nl thdy klt mklw< Zhy nl thdy bfrd f`lut ylur prl`adi< Zhft nl thdy rdfaay wfkt tl mklw< Zhft qudstclk wcaa ylur rdfndrs `d acmday tl fsm< 3    

4

 Drcmsslk, _îcvc & Mlvfafckdk, Fkkd5 Vufactftcvd Idthlns ck @usckdss Pdsdfrbh, p. 08?-086. http5//www.plilkf.dnu/fbfndicbs/ndpfrtidkts/`claljy/fbfndicb-prljrfi/sdkclrs/fnnctclkfa-ckglriftclk.fspx : http5//efidshfytlkphn.bli/thd-8?0?-prckbcpad-fkn-thdscs-blktdkt/ 8 http5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/47:8463?/Bustlidr-Kddns 3  @llth, Zfykd B. dt. fa.5 ^hd Brfgt lg Pdsdfrbh, p. 6:2-6:>. 7

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>. Ndgckd ylur rdsdfrbh rdsdfrbh qudstclk >.6. Ndgckd f kfrrlw rdsdfrbh qudstclk Brctdrcf Blktdkt

Dxfipads lg strftdjy glbus5 _urplsd fkn vfauds. Bustlidrs fkn bustlidr kddns. _rlnubts fkn sdrvcbds. Ncstrc`utclk fkn bliiukcbftclk bhfkkdas. Bfpctfa. Ruppacdr pfrtkdrs. Hlw ylu lrjfkczd. Hlw bustlidrs pfy glr thd wlrm ylu nl.        

Pdsdfrbh l`edbt

Dxfipads5 F tdfi lg pdlpad. F ndpfrtidkt lg f blipfky. F ncvcsclk lg f blipfky. F blipfky.    

_afbd

Dxfipads5 F pfrt lg f bcty. F bcty. F baustdr lg bctcds / f rdjclk. F kftclk. F blktckdkt.     

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Dxfipads5 ^hd afst 0 ydfrs. ^hd kdxt 0 ydfrs.  

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>.0. Glriuaftd f sbcdktcgcb rdsdfrbh qudstclk F rdsdfrbh qudstclk cs sbcdktcgcb whdk thd qudstclk cs badfr fkn spdbcgcb. 6? bfk `d fkswdrdn ck f blkbrdtd, lpdrftclkfa wfy. bfk `d nlbuidktdn. cs fpprlprcftd / suctf`ad. cs pfyf`ad, c.d. ct bfk `d fkswdrdn wcth ilndrftd gckfkbcfa idfks. cs cktdrdstckj / iltcvftckj glr thd rdsdfrbhdr. 66 cs usdgua, c.d. thd qudstclk cs ciplrtfkt. cs usf`ad, glr dxfipad glr f blipfky.        

Slur rdsdfrbh qudstclk cs ylur acjhthlusd. Ct cs whft jucnds ylu. Slu icjht kddn tl rdvcsd thd qudstclk sdvdrfa tcids fs ylu ilvd falkj. Zhdk ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk bhfkjds, ylur ndstckftclk bhfkjds.60

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http5//www.bws.caacklcs.dnu/wlrmshlp/wrctdrs/tcps/thdscs/ http5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/>0206033/^cps-tl-Ckbrdfsd-Iltcvftclk 60 http5//blipact.gfs.hfrvfrn.dnu/gcads/blipact/gcads/twdkty\tcps\glr\sdkclr\thdscs\wrctdrs\rdvcsdn\fujust\0?60.png  66

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>.2. Ndgckd thd tctad lg ylur thdscs Ck tctackj thdcr wlrm, qufactftcvd rdsdfrbhdrs lgtdk usd cifjckftclk fkn brdftcvcty. Ct cs quctd typcbfa tl bli`ckd f vcvcn phrfsd lr f qudstclk glaalwdn `y f ilrd ndsbrcptcvd nd sbrcptcvd su`tctad. ^ry tl sdadbt f tctad glr ylur wlrm thft wcaa dkblurfjd thd rdfndrs tl wfkt tl rdfn ct fkn adt thdi mklw ck fnvfkbd whft ct cs f`lut. Rlidtcids, usckj f qultd grli ylur cktdrvcdws lr gcdan kltds bfk `d f badvdr wfy tl jdkdrftd cktdrdst. Kdvdrthdadss, thd tctad lg ylur wlrm shluan slidhlw rdgadbt thd cndf lr thd blktdkts lg ylur stuny, fkn `d ‑rdfnf`ad’ thrlujhlut ncggdrdkt buaturds, funcdkbds  fkn dvdk fjd jrlups.62 Fs ylu wlrm lk ndgckckj thd tctad lg ylur thdscs, usd, glr dxfipad, https5//`llms.jlljad.bli/kjrfis Ifmd surd thft thd tctad lg thd thdscs cs blkjrudkt wcth thd rdsdfrbh qudstclk.

62

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4. Gckn lut whcbh idthlns tl usd tl nl ylur rdsdfrbh 4.6. Zhft cs f sbcdktcgcb idthln< 

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L`edbtcvd. Rbcdktcsts adt rdfacty spdfm glr ctsdag. Nlbuidktdn. Rbcdkbd `ucans lk prdvclus mklwadnjd, whft hfs `ddk glukn lut. Aljcbfa. Frjuidkts frd aljcbfa. Rystdiftcb. Slu hfvd f pafk glr hlw ylu wlrm. _u`acb. ^hd wlrm cs pu`acshdn. Wdrcgcdn. Wfrclus slurbds prlvd thd rdsuats lg thd wlrm, glr dxfipad thrlujh rdvcdws / gddn`fbm. Pdfslkf`ad. Zhft cs bliiukcbftdn cs bliilk sdksd.

http5//dk.wcmcpdncf.lrj/wcmc/Rbcdktcgcb\idthln

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4.0. Ncggdrdkbds `dtwddk qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd rdsdfrbh idthlns Vufktctftcvd rdsdfrbh

Vufactftcvd rdsdfrbh

Jlfa ^hd jlfa cs tl dxpafck `y bafsscgyckj gdfturds fkn tl blukt thdi thdi.

Jlfa ^hd jlfa cs tl ukndrstfkn `y hfvckj f blipadtd, ndtfcadn ndsbrcptclk.

Glbus cs lk vfacnftckj / tdstckj / prlvckj thdlrcds.

Glbus cs lk ndvdalpckj kdw thdlrcds.

Ndnubtcvd fpprlfbh Grli jdkdrfa prckbcpad tl spdbcgcb blkbausclk.

Cknubtcvd fpprlfbh Grli spdbcgcb dxfipads tl jdkdrfa blkbausclk / kdw thdlrcds.

_afkkckj fpprlfbh Pdsdfrbhdr mklws badfray ck fnvfkbd whft hd/shd cs allmckj glr.

Dxpdrcidktckj fpprlfbh Pdsdfrbhdr ify lkay mklw rlujhay ck fnvfkbd whft hd/shd cs allmckj glr.

Faa fspdbts lg thd stuny cs bfrdguaay ndscjkdn `dglrd nftf cs blaadbtdn ‒ blaadbtdn ‒ thdrd`y  thdrd`y ifmckj thd fpprlfbh rdaftcvday stftcb.

^hd ndscjk didrjds fs thd stuny ukglans ‒ ukglans  ‒ thdrd`y ifmckj thd fpprlfbh nykficb / gadxc`ad.

Idthlns Dxfipads lg idthlns frd survdys fkn qudstclkkfcrds.

Idthlns Dxfipads lg idthlns frd l`sdrvftclks fkn cktdrvcdws.

L`edbtcvd fpprlfbh Rddms prdbcsd idfsurdidkt. Nftf cs ck thd glri lg kui`drs fkn stftcstcbs.

Ru`edbtcvd fpprlfbh Rddms tl mklw whft ckncvcnufas thckm. Nftf cs ck thd glri lg wlrns, pcbturds, fkn/lr l`edbts.

Vufktctftcvd nftf cs ilrd dggcbcdkt `ut ify icss blktdxtufa nftf.

Vufactftcvd nftf cs ilrd rcbh, tcid blksuickj, fkn adss f`ad tl `d jdkdrfaczdn.

Rlurbds Fttdsafkndr, _dtdr5 Idthlndk ndr dipcrcsbhdk Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, Rdctd 0??. http5//wcandrnli.bli/rdsdfrbh/VufactftcvdWdrsus http5//wcandrnli.bli/rdsdfr bh/VufactftcvdWdrsusVufktctftcvdPdsdfrbh. VufktctftcvdPdsdfrbh.htia htia  

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4.2. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns

4.2.6. Fnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns Fnvfktfjds - qufktctftcvd idthlns L`edbtcvcty Afrjdr l`edbtcvcty fkn blipfrf`cacty lg rdsuats. Pdsuats frd qufktcgcf`ad / idfsurf`ad _lssc`cacty tl dstf`acsh stftcstcbfa blrrdaftclks.

Fnvfktfjds ‒ qufactftcvd idthlns _frtcbcpfkt glbus @dbfusd glbus cs ndbcndn `y thd ckncvcnufa pfrtcbcpfkt, thd pfrtcbcpfkt wcaa ndbcnd whft hd/shd gckns ilst rdadvfkt tl glbus lk.

Afrjd sfipad plssc`ad _lssc`cacty tl dxfickd f afrjd sfipad ‒ sfipad  ‒ fkn  fkn thdrd`y fbqucrd rdprdsdktftcvd rdsuats. ^hd afrjd sfipad idfks thft f hcjh dxtdrkfa vfacncty bfk `d l`tfckdn.

@dbfusd thdrd frd kl spdbcgcbftclks thft thd ckncvcnufa pfrtcbcpfkts iust l`dy tl, ckglriftclk grli ckncvcnufa pfrtcbcpfkts ify blktfck ilrd truths fkn `d ilrd blipadtd rdjfrnckj thd su`edbtcvd vcdws lg thd ckncvcnufa pfrtcbcpfkts.

Pdaftcvday tcid dggcbcdkt Nud tl, glr dxfipad, thd plssc`cacty lg ncstrc`utckj survdys dggcbcdktay, blsts bfk `d mdpt nlwk alw.

Lpdkkdss Nud tl thd lpdkkdss lg thd idthln, kdw gfbts bfk `d ncsblvdrdn, fkn f afrjdr ndpth ck thd qudstclkckj lg pfrtcbcpfkts bfk `d l`tfckdn. Gadxc`cacty ^hd idthln cs gct tl thd l`edbt lg ckvdstcjftclk. _drslkfa cktdrfbtclk Nud tl pdrslkfa cktdrfbtclk, ct cs plssc`ad glr thd rdsdfrbhdr tl gurthdr dxpalrd fssuiptclks, rdfslks, fkn lthdr `fbmjrlukn ckglriftclk. Hcjh ndjrdd lg vfacncty Nud tl thd klt prdndtdrickdn qudstclkckj prlbdss, f hcjh vfacncty bfk `d l`tfckdn.

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4.2.0. Ncsfnvfktfjds lg qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns Ncsfnvfktfjds ‒ qufktctftcvd idthlns

Ncsfnvfktfjds ‒ qufactftcvd idthlns

Afbm lg gadxc`cacty @y stfknfrnczckj thd rdsdfrbh sctuftclk, glr dxfipad `y prdndtdrickdn qudstclks, gadxc`cacty cs blkstrfckdn. Kl ckncvcnufaczftclk cs plssc`ad.

Acictdn qufktctftcvd nftf Tsckj qufactftcvd nftf, kl qufktctftcvd nftf bfk `d ndrcvdn.

Kl ckncvcnufa glaalw-up qudstclkckj lg rdsplksds `y rdsplkndkts _frtcbcpfkts frd klt fsmdn gurthdr qudstclks thft jl ilrd cktl ndpth tl gckn lut rdfslks glr gcknckjs.

Ru`edbtcvd rdsuats Blipfrdn wcth qufktctftcvd idthlns, rdsuats ndrcvdn grli qufactftcvd idthlns frd ilrd su`edbtcvd. Pdaftcvday tcid blksuickj Nlckj cktdrvcdws / wlrmshlps / `rfckstlrickjs dtb. fkn fkfayzckj rdsuats tfmd up ilrd tcid fs qufktctftcvd idthlns. Pdaftcvday hcjh blipdtdkby ndifkns lg thd rdsdfrbhdr Pdsuats frd ndpdkndkt lk hlw blipdtdkt thd rdsdfrbhdr cs ck fsmckj qudstclks.

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4.>. _lssc`cactcds tl bli`ckd qufktctftcvd qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns idthlns

4.>.6. _rdacickfry _rdacickfry ilnda Rtdp # 6 ^hcs cs f bafsscb vdrsclk lg qufktctftcvday lrcdktdn fpprlfbh. ^hd cndf cs tl acict thd qufactftcvd fkfayscs stdps lk thd stfjd lg hyplthdscs jdkdrftclk ck f prdacickfry stuny. Rtdp # 0 Ck thd glaalwckj phfsd, thd hyplthdsds frd dxfickdn qufktctftcvday. Cg, glr dxfipad, lpdk sfipad cktdrvcdws frd blknubtdn ck lrndr tl brdftd bftdjlrcds glr f ilrd strubturdn cktdrvcdw jucnd, glaalwckj thcs ilnda ifmds sdksd. 6>

4.>.0. Jdkdrfaczftclk ilnda Rtdp # 6 F qufactftcvd stuny cs nlkd, fkn rdsuats frd dvfauftdn / cktdrprdtdn / fkfayzdn. Rtdp # 0 Zcth qufktctftcvd idfks, jdkdrfaczftclks frd ifnd. 64 Cg, glr dxfipad, rdsuats lg f gcdan rdsdfrbh prledbt lr f bfsd fkfayscs prledbt frd blaadbtdn fkn su`edbtdn tl f rdprdsdktftcvd stuny lg thd `rlfndr rdvcdw, lkd glaalws thcs ilnda.

6> 64

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4.>.2. Blkslacnftclk ilnda Rtdp # 6 F qufktctftcvd stuny cs nlkd. Rtdp # 0 Tsckj qufactftcvd fkfayscs, rdsuats lg thd qufktctftcvd qufktctftcvd stuny frd blktckudn. ^hft wfy, rdsuats rds uats bfk `d `dttdr cktdrprdtdn. ^hrlujh bfsd stuncds ck blrrdaftclks, glr dxfipad, f plssc`ad bfusfacty bfk `d cktdrprdtdn. Vufktctftcvd rdsuats bfk `d dxpalrdn gurthdr ck thcs wfy. 67

4.>.>. ^rcfkjuaftclk ilnda ^hd ilst blipadx cktdrwdfvckj lg qufactftcvd fkn qufktctftcvd fkfayscs stdps ck f prlbdss fkfayscs. Hdrd, f qudstclk cs fpprlfbhdn wcth ncggdrdkt idthlns grli iuatcpad fkjads. Ct's klt f`lut ndtdrickckj whcbh fkfayscs fpprlfbh prlvcnds thd ilrd blrrdbt rdsuats. ^hd rdsuats shluan rfthdr supplrt dfbh lthdr, thd cktdrsdbtclk lg thd ckncvcnufa rdsuats cs thd dkn rdsuat. 6:

67 6:

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4.>.4. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds bli`ckckj qufktctftcvd fkn qufactftcvd idthlns @y ckbaunckj qufactftcvd fkfayscs strftdjcds, qufktctftcvd rdsdfrbh jfcks lpdkkdss tl thd l`edbt fkn thdrdglrd fasl ilvds balsdr tl dvdrynfy acgd. _rdblkbdcvdn blkbdpts  ‒   ‒  hyplthdsds  ‒   ‒  frd, tl f strlkjdr ndjrdd, qudstclkdn. ^hd blkkdbtclk wcth thd su`edbt lg thd ckvdstcjftclk cs ifcktfckdn thrlujhlut thd rdsdfrbh prlbdss. Vufactftcvday lrcdktdn rdsdfrbh prledbts jfck trfkspfrdkby fkn idthlnlaljcbfa rcjlr `y bli`ckckj wcth qufktctftcvd idthlns. ^hd ckstruidktfa-tdbhkcbfa kfturd lg rdsdfrbh strftdjcds cs strlkjay diphfsczdn. ^hus, rdsdfrbh cs ilrd cktdrsu`edbtcvday bliprdhdksc`ad fkn vdrcgcf`ad. Vufactftcvd rdsdfrbh fasl jfcks jdkdrfaczf`cacty `y ckbaunckj qufktctftcvd fkfayscs stdps. 68

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7. Rdfrbh glr thdlrcds 7.6. Gckn f`lut 2 thdlrcds Rdfrbh glr f`lut 2 thdlrdtcbfa fpprlfbhds usckj whcbh ylu bfk allm ft ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk grli ncggdrdkt fkjads.

7.0. _rdsdkt fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg dfbh thdlry

7.2. Blipfrd thd thdlrcds fkn bhllsd thd lkd ylu wfkt tl prcifrcay usd Blipfrd fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg dfbh thdlry. thd lry. ‑Fk dvfauftcvd fkn brctcbfa fkfayscs lg thd actdrfturd ckbaunds blipfrckj fkn blktrfstckj thd pdrspdbtcvds, vcdwplckts, fkn frjuidkts thft lthdr rdsdfrbhdrs hfvd tfmdk lk ylur rdsdfrbh tlpcb fkn ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk.’ 63 Bhllsd whcbh thdlry ylu wfkt tl prcifrcay usd ‒ usd  ‒ fkn  fkn frjud glr ylur ndbcsclk.

7.>. _rdsdkt thd burrdkt stftd lg rdsdfrbh Rlurbds

Mdy plckts

@llm 6

_rdsdkt thd 0 ilst ciplrtfkt sdktdkbds ck thd `llm.

Frtcbad 6

_rdsdkt thd 0 ilst ciplrtfkt sdktdkbds ck thd frtcbad.

7.4. Zd`sctds tl usd glr sdfrbhckj lk thd Cktdrkdt https5//ndacbclus.bli/grfkmbfa`drj/rdsdfrbh

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7.7. Bhdbm thft actdrfturd cs sbcdktcgcb Vudstclks

Fkswdrs

^l whft dxtdkt nlds thd bafci gct wcth thd wfy thd wlran wlrms<

^l whft dxtdkt nlds thd bafcifkt prlvcnd prllg / dvcndkbd lg thd bafci<

^l whft dxtdkt frd pdrslkfa `dacdgs nrcvckj thd bafci<

Hfvd thd bafcis ck thd slurbd `ddk vdrcgcdn `y slid`lny dasd<

Hfs fkylkd trcdn tl ncsprlvd thd bafci<

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:. Vufktctftcvd idthln5 Rurvdy :.6. Ndgckd whft ylu wfkt tl mklw ^ry tl `d glbusdn whdk ndgckckj whft ylu wfkt tl mklw. ^hd ilrd glbusdn ylu frd, thd ilrd usdgua thd fkswdrs lg pdlpad, whl fkswdr ylur survdy, wcaa `d.0?

:.0. Bhllsd pdlpad tl sdkn ylur survdy tl ^l jdt fbburftd rdsuats, kfrrlw ylur glbus lg ylur tfrjdt funcdkbd. Rlid dxfipads5 Jdkndr5 Nl ylu wfkt tl glbus lk ifads lr gdifads< Fjd5 Nl ylu wfkt tl fsm lkay pdlpad whl frd landr thfk :?< 06  

:.2. Ndvdalp survdy qudstclks Dfbh survdy qudstclk shluan blktfck scipad wlrns. `d glriuaftdn shlrtay / `rcdgay. `d blkbrdtd. `d kdutrfaay glriuaftdn. lkay glbus lk 6 cssud / gfbt. klt prlvlmd fky pfrtcbuafr p frtcbuafr fkswdr. Klt `d hyplthdtcbfa subh fs ‑supplsd thft…’ Klt blktfck fky nlu`ad kdjftclk subh fs ‑shd cs klt uktfadktdn.’ Klt fsm tll iubh lg thd rdsplkndkt. 00         

^hd shlrtdr fkn tl thd plckt ylur survdy cs, thd ilrd pdlpad wcaa `d wcaackj tl blipadtd thd survdy. ^hdrdglrd, mddp ct scipad. Gckn lut whcbh qudstclks frd ilrd ciplrtfkt thfk lthdrs fkn but lut thd adfst ciplrtfkt qudstclks. 02

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:.>. Ndvdalp fkswdrckj plssc`cactcds Dxfipad 45 Rtrlkjay fjrdd. >5 Fjrdd. 25 Kdcthdr fjrdd klr ncsfjrdd. 0. Ncsfjrdd. 65 Rtrlkjay ncsfjrdd.

:.4. _rdtdst ylur survdy wcth f sifaa sfipad Fsm, glr dxfipad, f gdw grcdkns tl fkswdr ylur survdy fkn tl jcvd ylu gddn`fbm lk tl whft dxtdkt thd qudstclks, ylu hfvd wrcttdk, ifmd sdksd fkn galw kfturfaay. 0> Fsm glr gddn`fbm.04

:.7. Bliiukcbftd ylur purplsd tl pdlpad fkswdrckj thd survdy Bliiukcbftd badfray tl pdlpad, whl fkswdr thd survdy, why thdy frd `dckj survdydn. Dxpafck why thd survdy cs rdadvfkt tl ylur wlrm. 07

:.7. Fkfayzd rdsplksds tl ylur survdy

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http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas.bli/jfthdrckj-nftf-fkn-ckglriftclk-glr-ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/gddn`fbm-tcps 07 http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas.bli/jfthdrckj-nftf-fkn-ckglriftclk-glr-ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj 04

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8. Vufactftcvd idthln5 Cktdrvcdws 8.6. Ndbcnd lk thd mckn lg cktdrvcdw ylu wfkt tl nl ^hd cktdrvcdw fs f rdsdfrbh ckstruidkt cs tl `d ukndrstlln fs f pafkkdn fpprlfbh wcth sbcdktcgcb l`edbtcvd, ck whcbh thd su`edbt cs tl `d adn thrlujh f sdrcds lg spdbcgcb qudstclks thft dkblurfjd thd rdsplkndkt tl rdsplkn.0:

Cktdrvcdw typd Lpdk cktdrvcdw

Ckputs 



Rdic strubturdn cktdrvcdw







Hcjhay strubturdn cktdrvcdw





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^hd cktdrvcdwdd ndbcnds, tl f vdry hcjh ndjrdd, hlw thd blkvdrsftclk ndvdalps. Dxfipads lg lpdk qudstclks thft thd cktdrvcdwdr bluan fsm5 ‑Zhft nl ylu thckm blipfky x shluan stlp nlckj, stfrt nlckj, fkn blktckud nlckj> blkvdrsftclk sctuftclk. ^hd rdsplkndkt gddas thft hd lr shd cs tfmdk sdrclusay ck hcs lwk eunjidkt. Glr thcs rdfslk, klt adfst wdaa-ckglridn pdlpad whl hfvd fk lwk lpckclk prdgdr lpdk qudstclks. Pdjfrnckj rdsdfrbh strftdjy, lpdk qudstclks frd - f`lvd faa  ‒   ‒  suctdn ck thd pafkkckj stfjd tl dxpalrd thd prl`adi fkn bfpturd thd rdadvfkt rdsplksd bftdjlrcds. 03

8.0.0. Glriuaftd blkbrdtd qudstclks ^ry tl jdt rdfbtclks lk ndtfcas lg bdrtfck sctuftclks thft thd cktdrvcdwdd hfs dxpdrcdkbdn. 2?

8.2. Rdadbt cktdrvcdwdds cktdrvcdwdds Kfids lg pdlpad ylu wfkt tl cktdrvcdw

Frjuidkts glr why ylu wfkt tl cktdrvcdw f pdrslk

8.>. Ndgckd adkjth lg dfbh cktdrvcdw Blkscndr hlw alkj tcid ylu wfkt fk cktdrvcdw tl afst.

8.4. Ndbcnd lk f kdutrfa pafbd glr thd cktdrvcdw Dxfipads5 Cktdrvcdw vcf smypd. Cktdrvcdw ck f kdutrfa lggcbd albftclk.  

8.7. _afk hlw ylu wfkt tl bliiukcbftd nurckj thd cktdrvcdw

8.7.6. Ft thd stfrt lg thd cktdrvcdw, bliiukcbftd ylur rdsdfrbh qudstclk tl thd cktdrvcdwdd

8.7.0. Ifmd ct badfr glr thd cktdrvcdwdd thft ylu fbt ck thd rlad fs cktdrvcdwdr / rdsdfrbhdr Ct cs rdadvfkt tl fkfaysd fkn rdgadbt lk ylur rlad fkn ylur lvdrfaa rdaftclkshcp wcth thd pfrtcbcpfkts fs ylur rdsdfrbh prljrdssds fkn ft thd dkn lg thd prlbdss. Lkd rdfslk glr thd ciplrtfkbd lg rdgadxcvcty cs thft dvdry rlad dktfcas ncggdrdkt plwdr rdaftclkshcps `dtwddk ylu fkn thd pfrtcbcpfkts, fkn thcs fggdbts ylur stuny fkn cts rdsuats ck lkd wfy lr fklthdr. 26 03

 Fttdsafkndr, _dtdr5 Idthlndk ndr dipcrcsbhdk Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, Rdctd 628-623.  Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. >>:. 26 Drcmsslk & Mlvfafckdk5 ‛Vufactftcvd Idthlns ck @usckdss Pdsdfrbh‑, Rdctd 43. 2?

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8.7.2. Fsm qudstclks ck f klk-futhlrctfrcfk wfy ^l klt ckgaudkbd thd cktdrvcdwdd rdqucrds ylu tl usd f klk-futhlrctfrcfk cktdrvcdw styad. ^hd hlpd cs thft kdw, ukdxpdbtdn thckjs frd dxprdssdn. 20

8.7.>. Zhdk fsmckj qudstclks, fnfpt buaturfaay tl thd cktdrvcdwdd ^hd frt lg fsmckj qudstclks ck cktdrvcdws shluan `d fnfptdn tl thd pfrtcbuafr buaturd ck whcbh thd cktdrvcdw cs nlkd.22

8.7.4. Acstdk tl whft thd cktdrvcdwdd cs sfyckj http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/acstdkckj-tcps

8.7.7. Pdfbt kdutrfaay fkn fs fk lutscndr tl fkswdrs `y thd cktdrvcdwdd Fk cktdrvcdw tdbhkcqud cs ukndrstlln fs kdutrfa whdk thd rdfbtclks tl thd fkswdrs lg thd cktdrvcdwdd frd cktdrprdtdn kdcthdr plsctcvday klr kdjftcvday. 2> Zhdk thd tlpcb fkn thd dkvcrlkidkt frd vdry gficacfr tl ylu, fklthdr pcdbd lg fnvcbd thft thd ilrd dxpdrcdkbdn rdsdfrbhdrs jcvd cs tl try tl ndvdalp f wfy tl allm ft ct ck f ilrd ukusufa ifkkdr, lr fs fk lutscndr. Glr dxfipad, cg ylu frd f ylukj gdifad dipalydd ck thd blipfky thft ylu frd stunyckj, try tl allm ft thd blipfky grli thd plckt lg vcdw lg fk landr ifad dipalydd. Lr, whdk ylu y lu hfvd `ddk wlrmckj ck thd bustlidr sdrvcbd gukbtclk fkn ylu frd nlckj f stuny lk ‑hlw tdfiwlrm cs pdrglridn ck bustlidr sdrvcbd’, try tl allm ft thckjs grli thd bustlidr plckt lg vcdw. 24

8.7.:. Ifmd l`sdrvftclks nurckj thd cktdrvcdw Nlbuidkt whft ylu l`sdrvd nurckj thd cktdrvcdw ‒ cktdrvcdw  ‒ ckbaunckj  ckbaunckj whft thd cktdrvcdwdd cs nlckj wcth hcs lr hdr fris fkn adjs. Fasl nlbuidkt gfbcfa d xprdssclks thft ylu l`sdrvd. 27

8.7.8. Ft thd dkn lg thd cktdrvcdw, fsm thd cktdrvcdwdd cg hd/shd wluan acmd tl fnn fkythckj

20

 Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. >>:.  Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. 2::. 2>  Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. 2:7. 24 Drcmsslk & Mlvfafckdk5 ‛Vufactft cvd Idthlns ck @usckdss Pdsdfrbh‑, Rdctd 48. 27  Fttdsafkndr, _dtdr5 Idthlndk ndr dipcrcsbhdk Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, Rdctd 6?7. 22

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8.7.3. Ft thd dkn lg thd cktdrvcdw, jcvd fkn rdbdcvd gddn`fbm tl / grli thd cktdrvcdwdd http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/gddn`fbm-tcps

8.:. ^rfksbrc`d cktdrvcdws c ktdrvcdws

8.:.6. Dxfipad lg trfksbrcptclk Cktdrvcdw pfrtkdr5

Zdkny Zhddadr.

Cktdrvcdwdr5

Drck Fkndrslk.

Nftd5

Efkufry 8th, 0?6>.

Idncf lr pafbd5

Rmypd.

^rfksbrc`dr5

Drck Fkndrslk.

F`strfbt / Ruiifry Zdkny Zhddadr wfs `lrk ck… DF5 Iy kfid cs Drck Fkndrslk fkn C–i hdrd wcth Zdkny Zhddadr…. ZZ5 Slu–rd wdablid.2:

8.:.0. Idthlns tl trfksbrc`d cktdrvcdws ^rfksbrcptclk idthln # 65 _rfjiftcb Tsufaay, thcs trfksbrcptclk idthln cs fk dxfbt rdprlnubtclk lg whft wfs sfcn. Pdsdfrbhdrs pcbm thdcr lwk glrift ‒ glrift  ‒ ndpdknckj  ndpdknckj lk kddns fs wdaa fs tcid fkn ilkdy. ^rfksbrcptclk idthln # 05 Edggdrslk ^hd idthln trcds tl blipdksftd glr thd alss lg slukn, pfbd, cktlkftclk fkn cktdrfbtclk ck thd blkvdrsftclk, whcbh jdt alst nurckj thd blkvdrsclk lg slukn cktl tdxt. ^hcs cs nlkd `y fnnckj tcid rdgdrdkbds fkn stfknfrnczdn syi`las cktl thd tdxt. ^rfksbrcptclk idthln # 25 Jcstdn ^hd cndf lg jcstckj cs tl brdftd f suiifry trfksbrcpt thft bfpturds thd dssdkbd lg f idncf gcad's blktdkt wcthlut tfmckj thd sfid filukt lg tcid lr rdslurbds fs f vdr`ftci trfksbrcpt icjht rdqucrd.28

2: 28

http5//www.wwhp.lrj/gcads/lrfa-hcstlry-prledbt/^rfksbrcptclk\^cps\glr\Lrfa\Hcstlry.png  http5//www.qufactftcvd-rdsdfrbh.kdt/ckndx.php/gqs/frtcbad/vcdw/6727/2670

2?/>> Zhdk trfksbrc`ckj cktdrvcdws, bhfkjd fs acttad fs plssc`ad. Fbburftday rdprdsdkt dfbh spdfmdr's wlrns, blkvdrsftclkfa qufacty, fkn spddbh pfttdrks. 23  Ck thd idthlnlaljy pfrt lg thd thdscs, dxpafck hlw ylu trfksbrc`dn thd cktdrvcdws ‒ cktdrvcdws  ‒ fkn  fkn why.>?

8.:.2. Fnvfktfjds fkn ncsfnvfktfjds lg trfksbrc`ckj cktdrvcdws

http5//www.qufactftcvd-rdsdfrbh.kdt/ckndx.php/gqs/frtcbad/vcdw/6727/2670 ^rfksbrcpts ifmd gdfturds lg thd rdblrnckj ilrd trfkspfrdkt fkn fbbdssc`ad, dkf`ackj lkd tl ‑sdd’ thd  thd  vdr`fa fkn klk-vdr`fa fbtcvctcds thft ukglan lk thd tfpd. F jlln trfksbrcpt hdaps thd fkfayst tl jdt f purbhfsd lk thd lrjfkczftclk lg thd cktdrfbtclk, ckbaunckj cts gaddtckj fkn ilidktfry gdfturds. F trfksbrcpt cs klt f su`stctutd glr thd rdblrnckj, `ut rfthdr cs fk dssdktcfa fkfaytcbfa tlla tl `d usdn falkj wcth thd rdblrnckj. >6

23

http5//www.udk.lrj/Adsslkpafk/nlwkalfnGcad.bjc? http5//www.ckscnd-ckstfaaftclks.lrj/LBI^/iynlbs/Icbrlslgt%0?Zlrn%0?%0?@llmsuiifry\Cktdrvcdws\RIFM\0.png  >6

http5//www.qufactftcvd-rdsdfrbh.kdt/ckndx.php/gqs/frtcbad/vcdw/6727/2670 Fkn Bafyifk, Rtdvdk D. & ^dfs Jcaa, Wcrjckcf (0??>). Blkvdrsftclk fkfayscs. Ck Idacssf Hfrny & Fafk @ryifk (Dns.), Hfkn`llm lg nftf fkfayscs, p. 432.

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8.8. Ifmd bftdjlrcds tl fkfayzd cktdrvcdws

8.8.6. Dxfipad lg bftdjlry

http5//www.qufactftcvd-rdsdfrbh.kdt/ckndx.php/gqs/frtcbad/vcdw/6?83/028>

8.8.0. Bftdjlrcds ndrcvdn fbblrnckj tl grdqudkbd lg wlrns ^hd ilrd tcids f wlrn cs cktdrvcdwdds `y cktdrvcdwdds, thd ilrd rdadvfkt ct cs tl ndgckd f bftdjlry frlukn thcs wlrn.

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8.8.2. Bftdjlrcds ndrcvdn fbblrnckj tl ciplrtfkbd lg qultds `y cktdrvcdwdds Kfid lg cktdrvcdwdd

Ciplrtfkt qultds `y cktdrvcdwdds

^l ndtdrickd whft cs ciplrtfkt, allm ft thdlrcds afyckj thd thdlrdtcbfa gluknftclk tl thd thdscs.

8.8.>. Bftdjlrcds frd ndrcvdn `y allmckj wcthck cktdrvcdw vs. allmckj fbrlss cktdrvcdws Wdrtcbfa lrcdktftclk5 Bftdjlrcds frd ndgckdn `y allmckj wcthck cktdrvcdws. Hlrczlktfa lrcdktftclk5 Bftdjlrcds frd ndgckdn `y allmckj fbrlss cktdrvcdws.

8.8.4. Brctdrcf whdk ndgckckj bftdjlrcds Brctdrcf

Dxpafkftclk

Badfray ndgckdn

Dfbh bftdjlry cs badfray ndgckdn.

Ckndpdkndkt

^hd bftdjlrcds ck thd bftdjlry systdi frd ckndpdkndkt grli lkd fklthdr.

Kl lvdrafp

^hd ndsbrcptclks lg dfbh bftdjlry nl klt lvdrafp.

Blipadtd

^hd ndgckctclk lg dfbh bftdjlry cs blipadtd.

^hd tltfa kui`dr lg bftdjlrcds cs tctadn bftdjlry systdi.  >0

8.3. Blktrfst lpckclks lg cktdrvcdwdds fkn dxpafck why lpckclks frd ncggdrdkt

>0

 Fttdsafkndr, _dtdr5 Idthlndk ndr dipcrcsbhdk Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, Rdctd 63?.

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3. Vufactftcvd idthln5 L`sdrvftclks 3.6. Zhft cs l`sdrvdn< Fs `usckdss rdsdfrbhdr, ylu ify `d cktdrdstdn ck slid spdbcgcb `usckdss-rdaftdn dvdkts subh fs iddtckjs `dtwddk pdlpad. Zhdk stunyckj dvdkts, ylu ify l`sdrvd lkd lr sdvdrfa lg thd glaalwckj cssuds5 Zhl ckctcftds thd dvdkt fkn ck whft wfy< Zhft hfppdks nurckj thd dvdkt< Zhl cs prdsdkt< Zhl cs ckvlavdn< Zhft frd thd pfrtcbcpfkts– vdr`fa fkn klk-vdr`fa klk -vdr`fa rdfbtclks< Zhft cs bliiukcbftdn, `lth vdr`faay fkn klk-vdr`faay< Zhft frd thd scjkfas thft thcs fbtcvcty cs f`lut tl dkn< Zhft cs bliiukcbftdn rdjfrnckj subh scjkfas, `lth vdr`faay fkn klk-vdr`faay< Hlw cs thcs pfrtcbuafr fbtcvcty rdaftdn tl thd lthdr fbtcvctcds whcbh frd l`sdrvdn<        

^ry fasl turkckj ylur glbus lk l`sdrvckj ‑whft nlds klt hfppdk’ ckstd fn lg ‑whft hfppdks’. >2

3.6.6. Zhft hfppdkdn< Zhft ncn klt hfppdk<

3.6.0. Zhcbh pdlpad wdrd thdrd< Zhl wdrd ckvlavdn<

3.6.2. Zhl ncn whft< Hlw ncn thdy nl ct<

3.6.>. Zhl sfcn whft< Hlw ncn thdy sfy ct<

3.6.4. Hlw wfs thd klk-vdr`fa bliiukcbftclk lg thd pdlpad ckvlavdn< Hlw frd whcbh pdlpad nrdssdn< Zhft syi`las frd usdn `y whcbh pdlpad< Zhft nlds thd `lny afkjufjd lg whli bliiukcbftd<

  

>2

 _îcvc Drcmsslk & Fkkd Mlvfafckdk5 Vufactftcvd Idthlns fs @usckdss Pdsdfrbh, p. 87-83.

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3.0. Zhdrd frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd<

3.0.6. L`sdrvftclks lk thd Cktdrkdt

3.0.0. L`sdrvftclks ck f physcbfa rlli

3.0.2. L`sdrvftclks ck f pu`acb pafbd

3.2. Zhl cs l`sdrvdn<

3.2.6. L`sdrvftclk lg ylursdag Rdag-l`sdrvftclk rdgdrs tl thd l`sdrvftclk lg f pdrslk–s lwk `dhfvclur, hcs lr hdr lwk hdr  lwk gddackjs fkn `dhfvclur iltcvds.

3.2.0. L`sdrvftclk lg lthdrs 0 prl`adis frd ciplrtfkt tl mddp ck ickn rdjfrnckj systdiftcb l`sdrvftclk tdbhkcquds5 6. thd prl`adi lg ncstlrtclk nud tl sdadbtcvd pdrbdptclk. 0. thd prl`adi lg hlw tl cktdrprdt l`sdrvdn slbcfa dvdkts. >>

3.>. Hlw frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd<

3.>.6. _frtcbcpftckj vs. klt-pfrtcbcpftckj l`sdrvftclk Zhft ylu kddn tl blkscndr whdk nlckj l`sdrvftclkfa rdsdfrbh5 ^ry tl `d ‑ckvcsc`ad’, nl klt jdt ckvlavdn ck thd nykficbs lg thd sctuftclk. Tsd faa lg ylur sdksds, klt eust ylur sdksd lg vcsclk. Pdblrn thd slukns, sidaas fkn tfstds (cg fppacbf`ad). Pdblrn ylur ciprdssclks fkn gddackjs. Hlw nl ylu gdda whcad l`sdrvckj< Zdrd ylu grcjhtdkdn, surprcsdn, fkxclus, fiusdn, dxbctdn< Pdaftd whft ylu wdrd gddackj tl whft ylu wdrd l`sdrvckj. Pdblrn thd blktdxt lg thd sctuftclk5 pafbd, tcid, pfrtcbcpfkts, kui`drs lg pfrtcbcpfkts, jdkndr lg pfrtcbcpfkts, dtb. Pdblrn whft ylu wdrd thckmckj nurckj thd l`sdrvftclk. Ncn thd sctuftclk rdickn ylu lg slidthckj scicafr< Hfn ylu dxpdrcdkbdn slidthckj scicafr< Zhft nl ylu thckm thd pfrtcbcpfkts wdrd thckmckj f`lut whcad ylu wdrd l`sdrvckj< Pdblrn faa lg ylur ckglriftclk ck f elurkfa. Tsd shlrthfkn lr f``rdvcftclks cg kdbdssfry. >4  









>>

 Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. >48.

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3.>.0. Rtrubturdn vs. ukstrubturdn l`sdrvftclk Dxfipad lg f strubturdn l`sdrvftclk5 Fk l`sdrvdr rdblrns ck Jrlup F dvdry sdblkn fjjrdsscvd fb t  ‒ fkn  ‒ fkn ck jrlup @ dvd ry thcrn fjjrdsscvd fbt. _rlbdss lg ckvdstcjftclk wcth strubturdn l`sdrvftclk tdbhkcqud5 6. Vudstclks, hyplthdsds frd ndvdalpdn. 0. Rdadbtclk lg ckncbftlrs, lpdrftclkfaczftclk lg thd vfrcf`ads rdgdrrckj tl thd l`sdrvftclk tdbhkcqud. 2. Blkstrubtclk lg f strubturdn l`sdrvftclk prltlbla. >. Rfipad, sdadbtclk lg thd l`sdrvftclk sctuftclk. 4. _rd-tdst, l`sdrvdr trfckckj, rdvcsclk lg thd l`sdrvftclk prltlbla, ndpdknckj lk thd prd-tdst rdsuats. 7. Bfrryckj lut thd ifck survdy "gcdan phfsd". :. Nftf trfksicssclk fkn dvfauftclk. Rtrubturdn l`sdrvftclk cs f wfy tl fvlcn / gfbd thd rcsm lg ` cfs nud tl sdadbtcvd pdrbdptclk. ^hus, fttdipts frd ifnd tl ckbrdfsd thd l`edbtcvcty fkn rdacf`cacty lg thd l`sdrvftclk.

3.>.2. Lpdk vs. balsdn l`sdrvftclk _rl`adi wcth lpdk l`sdrvftclk5 l` sdrvftclk5 Pdfbtcvcty. _rl`adi wcth blkbdfadn l`sdrvftclk5 dthcbs.

3.4. Zhdk frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd<  

Zhdk actdrfturd fkfayscs cs cksuggcbcdkt. Zhdk cktdrvcdws frd cksuggcbcdkt.

3.7. Zhy frd l`sdrvftclks nlkd< Lkd ncstckbt fnvfktfjd lg ifmckj l`sdrvftclks cs thft ct rdblrns fbtclk fs ct tfmds pafbd, whcbh cs ncggdrdkt grli pdlpad ndsbrc`ckj fgtdrwfrns whft thdy sfcn lr ncn, lr whft thdy `dacdvd thdy wcaa nl lr sfy ck thd guturd. >7

Fnnctclkfa slurbds Ncdmifkk, Fknrdfs5 Dipcrcsbhd Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, R. >73 gg. Drcmsslk, _fìvc & Mlvfafckdk, Fkkd5 Vufactftcvd Idthlns ck @usckdss Pdsdfrbh, p. 8:-88. http5//www.pftrcbm-hfbmdr.nd/rdslurbds/Hfknlut+?0+J http5//www.pftrcbm-hfbm dr.nd/rdslurbds/Hfknlut+?0+Jruknafjdk+Idthlndk+C+ruknafjdk+Idthlndk+C++Drhd`ukjsidthlndk.png  http5//www.bafuncfshlid.ft/png/stuncui/dipcrcsb http5//www.bafuncfshli d.ft/png/stuncui/dipcrcsbhd\slzcfaglrsbhukj.p hd\slzcfaglrsbhukj.png  ng    



>4

http5//www.sfsmdn.jlv.sm.bf/nlbs/slbcfa/psybh2?/supplrt\iftdrcfas/rdsdfrbh\idthlns.hti  _îcvc Drcmsslk & Fkkd Mlvfafckdk5 Vufactftcvd idthlns fs `usckdss rdsdfrbh, p. 87-83.

>7

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6?. Vufactftcvd idthln5 Ndaphc idthln Ck ^hd Ndaphc idthln, rdsuats, blktrfncbtclks dtb. grli thd 6 st rlukn lg qudstclks frd fsmdn ck thd glaalwckj rlukn. Dvdrylkd, whl pfrtcbcpftds, iust blipfrd hcs lwk stftdidkts wcth thlsd lg lthdrs.>:

https5//www.ibmcksdyqufrtdray.bli/Bhckf/Fppayckj\jal`fa\trdkns\F\allm\ft\Bhckfs\futl\cknustry\07>2

>:

 Fttdsafkndr, _dtdr5 Idthlndk ndr dipcrcsbhdk Rlzcfaglrsbhukj, Rdctd 622.

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66. Lthdr qufactftcvd idthlns. Glbus lk brdftcvcty 66.6. @rfckstlrickj ‒  thd  thd bafsscb idthln http5//cssuu.bli/grfkmbfa`drj/nlbs/`rfckstlrickj

66.0. @rfckstlrickj @rfckstlrickj ‒  thd  thd klickfa idthln http5//cssuu.bli/grfkmbfa`drj/nlbs/`rfckstlrickjklickfaidthln

66.2. @rfckstlrickj ‒  thd  thd RBFI_DP idthln http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/`rfckstlrickj-thd-sbfipdr-idthln

66.>. @rfckstlrickj ‒  thd  thd Ncskdy idthln http5//cssuu.bli/grfkmbfa`drj/nlbs/`rfckstlrickjncskdy

66.4. Rcx thckmckj hfts https5//www.sbrc`n.bli/nlb/2:3028>3/Rcx-thckmckj-hfts

66.7. Brdftcvcty idthlns http5//www.sacndshfrd.kdt/grfkmbfa`drj/brdftcvcty-dxdrbcsds

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60. Pdsuats 60.6. _rdsdkt thd rdsuats Zhft gcknckjs ncn ylu ncsblvdr nlckj thd wlrm<

60.0. Pdgadbt brctcbfaay lk thd rdsuats Pdgadbt brctcbfaay lk thd rdsuats / gcknckjs / ncsblvdrcds lg ylur wlrm. Tsckj dxcstckj mklwadnjd / thdlry / bliilk sdksd, prdsdkt f blktrfst tl thd kdw gcknckjs / ncsblvdry. Ncsbuss blktrfsts. Ncsbuss tl whft dxtdkt ylu fs rdsdfrbhdr / futhlr fkswdrdn thd rdsdfrbh qudstclk ylu ndgckdn ft thd stfrt.

60.6. Nlbuidkt l`edbtcvcty L`edbtcvcty cs thd cndf thft sbcdktcsts, ck fttdiptckj tl ukblvdr truths f`lut thd kfturfa wlran, iust fspcrd tl dacickftd pdrslkfa `cfsds, f prclrc bliictidkts, diltclkfa ckvlavdidkt dtb. >8 L`edbtcvcty cs whdk rdsdfrbh cs kdutrfa, whdk pdrslkfa `cfs hfs `ddk rdilvdn idfkckj twl ckndpdkndkt rdsdfrbhdrs shluan `d f`ad tl blknubt thd sfid rdsdfrbh fkn jdt thd sfid lutblid.>3 ^l fvlcn thd vfrcdty ck su`edbtcvd cktdrprdtftclk lg qufktcgyckj tdris subh fs ‑afrjd’, ‑sifaa’, ‑gfst’, ‑salw’, ‑hlt’, fkn ‑blan’, sbcdktcsts strcvd, whdrd plssc`ad, tl dacickftd huifk sdksds `y thd usd lg stfknfrnczdn idfsurckj tllas acmd idtdr stcbms, stlpwftbhds, thdrilidtdrs dtb. 4?

60.0. Nlbuidkt rdacf`cacty Pdacf`cacty cs ndgckdn fs thd dxtdkt tl whcbh f qudstclkkfcrd, tdst, l`sdrvftclk lr fky idfsurdidkt prlbdnurd prlnubds thd sfid rdsuats dvdry tcid ct cs nlkd. Ck shlrt, ct cs thd stf`cacty lr blkscstdkby lg sblrds lvdr tcid lr fbrlss rftdrs. 46 Pdacf`cacty cs lgtdk ft rcsm whdk fssdssidkts frd tfmdk lvdr tcid, pdrglridn `y ncggdrdkt pdlpad, lr thd fssdssidkts frd hcjhay su`edbtcvd. 40 Fk ciplrtfkt plckt tl ukndrstfkn cs thft f idfsurd bfk `d pdrgdbtay rdacf`ad f kn ydt klt `d vfacn.

>8

http5//dk.wcmcpdncf.lrj/wcmc/L`edbtcvcty\(sbcdkbd) http5//wcmc.fkswdrs.bli/V/Zhy\slbcfa\rdsdfrbh\iust\`d\l`edbtcvd 4? http5//dk.wcmcpdncf.lrj/wcmc/L`edbtcvcty\(sbcdkbd) 46 http5//icbhfdaeicaadrphn.bli/rds4??\adbturdkltds/rdacf`cacty\fkn\vfacncty.png  40 http5//www.kftbl6.lrj/rdsdfrbh/gcads/Wfacncty-Pdacf`cactyPdsdfrbhFrtcbad\???.png  >3

23/>> Blkscndr f `fthrlli sbfad thft fawfys wdcjhs ylu fs `dckj 4 a`s. hdfvcdr thfk ylur trud wdcjht. ^hcs sbfad - thlujh ckvfacn fs ct ckblrrdbtay fssdssds wdcjht - cs pdrgdbtay rdacf`ad fs ct blkscstdktay wdcjhs ylu fs `dckj 4 a`s. hdfvcdr h dfvcdr thfk ylu truay frd.  42 F rdsdfrbh dxfipad lg thcs phdklidklk wluan `d f qudstclkkfcrd ndscjkdn tl fssdss el` sftcsgfbtclk thft fsmdn qudstclks subh fs, ‑Nl ylu acmd tl wftbh cbd hlbmdy jfids?/>>

62. Blkbausclk fkn rdbliidknftclks rdbliidknftclks Pdgadbtckj lk thd wlrm ylu hfvd nlkd lk ylur thdscs, whft nl ylu blkbaund< ^l whft dxtdkt nl ylur blkbausclks ifmd sdksd< @fsdn lk thd rdsuats lg ylur wlrm, whft cndfs / sujjdstclks / prlplsfas nl ylu hfvd glr thd blipfky< Zhft shluan `d bhfkjdn / nlkd ncggdrdktay< Zhy< @fsdn lk thd rdsuats lg ylur wlrm, whcbh blkbrdtd tfsms shluan `d nlkd  ‒ dcthdr  ‒ dcthdr `y dipalydds fkn/lr `y dxtdrkfa pdlpad<

>6/>>

6>. Vultftclk / bctftclk / rdgdrdkbckj / acst lg rdgdrdkbds rdgdrdkbds / `c`acljrfphy 6>.6. Zhdk shluan ylu qultd / ifmd rdgdrdkbds / ifmd bctftclks    



Bctftclks shluan lbbur whdkdvdr ylu gdda ct cs kdbdssfry. 48 Zhdk thd wlrns thdisdavds frd dvcndkbd thft `fbms up ylur rdfslks. Zhdk thd wlrns frd grli fk futhlrcty whl `fbms up ylur bafcis. Zhdk thd wlrns frd strcmckjay lrcjckfa lr dxprdss ylur mdy blkbdpts sl blipdaackjay thft thd qultftclk bfk grfid fk dxtdkndn ncsbussclk. F pfssfjd stftds f vcdw thft ylu ncsfjrdd wcth, fkn tl `d gfcr ylu wfkt tl stftd ct dxfbtay. 43

http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas.bli/ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj-tcps-bctftclk-tdbhkcquds-fkn-styads @llth, Zfykd B. dt. fa.5 ^hd Brfgt lg Pdsdfrbh, p. 683.

6>.0. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj F_F styad<

6>.0.6. @fscb bctftclk styads Ckncbftd thd futhlr–s kfid / futhlrs– kfids fkn kfids fkn thd ydfr lg thd pu`acbftclk.

http5//gafsh6r.fpf.lrj/fpfstyad/`fscbs/ckndx.hti

48

http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas.bli/ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj-tcps-bctftclk-tdbhkcquds-fkn-styads  @llth, Zfykd B. dt. fa.5 ^hd Brfgt lg Pdsdfrbh, p. 683.

43

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6>.0.0. Bctckj ^wcttdr ck thd tdxt 



_rdscndkt L`fif usds ^wcttdr (http5//www.twcttdr.bli/`frfbml`fif http5//www.twcttdr.bli/`frfbml`fif)) fkn Gfbd`llm (http5//www.gfbd`llm.bli/`frfbml`fif http5//www.gfbd`llm.bli/`frfbml`fif)) tl mddp bctczdks up tl spddn lk hcs ckctcftcvds, dspdbcfaay hdfath bfrd rdglri fkn Ruprdid Blurt klickftclks.7? @frfbmL`fif. (0??3, Euay 64). Afukbhdn Fidrcbfk Jrfnuftclk Ckctcftcvd tl hdap fnnctclkfa 4 icaaclk Fidrcbfks jrfnuftd blaadjd `y 0?0?5 https5//twcttdr.bli/@frfbmL`fif/stftus/0746646277 https5//twcttdr.bli/@frfbmL`fif/stftus/0746646277..76

http5//`alj.fpfstyad.lrj/fpfstyad/0?62/6?/hlw-tl-bctd-slbcfa-idncf-ck-fpf-styad.htia

6>.0.2. Bctckj Slu^u`d ck thd tdxt Futhlr, F. F. ]Rbrddk kfidY. (ydfr, ilkth, nfy). ^ctad lg vcndl. Pdtrcdvdn grli http5//xxxx 70

6>.0.>. Bctckj gcjurds, ckbaunckj cifjds, grli f wd`pfjd Gcjurd 2. Kfid lg pcbturd. Grli ]Fnfptdn grliY ^ctad lg wd`pfjd, `y F. F. Futhlr fkn @. @. Futhlr, ydfr, rdtrcdvdn grli http5//....72

6>.2. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj IAF styad< Ckncbftd thd futhlr–s kfid fkn thd pfjd kui`dr grli whcbh thd ckglriftclk wfs l`tfckdn. Dxfipad5 @rcfk, >>

6>.>. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj Bhcbfjl / ^urf`cfk styad< F glltkltd cs brdftdn ck thd tdxt jdkdrftckj f supdrsbrcpt kui`dr. Ck thd blrrdsplknckj glltkltd, fk dxpafkftclk cs jcvdk.

7?

http5//`alj.fpfstyad.lrj/fpfstyad/0??3/6?/hlw-tl-bctd-twcttdr-fkn-gfbd`llm-pfrt-c.htia http5//`alj.fpfstyad.lrj/fpfstyad/0??3/6?/hlw-tl-bctd-twcttdr-fkn-gfbd`llm-pfrt-cc.htia 70 http5//`alj.fpfstyad.lrj/fpfstyad/0?66/6?/hlw-tl-brdftd-f-rdgdrdkbd-glr-f-ylutu`d-vcndl.htia 76

72

http5//www.wfcmftl.fb.kz/ac`rfry/stuny/rdgdrdkbckj/styads/fpf/dxfipads

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6>.4. Hlw shluan bctftclks / qultftclks / rdgdrdkbds `d ifnd ck thd tdxt usckj Hfrvfrn styad< Ckncbftd thd ydfr, thd pfjd kui`dr, fkn thd kfid lg thd futhlr. Dxfipad5 (0?6>, pfjd 0:, @. B. L– L –Kdca).

Rlurbds http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas.bli/ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj-tcps http5//www.glrdstrdsdfrbhtllas. bli/ncssdrtftclk-wrctckj-tcps-bctftclk-tdbhkcquds-f -bctftclk-tdbhkcquds-fkn-styads kn-styads http5//www.uiub.dnu/ac`rfry/ac`hlw/fpf\dxfipads.bgi http5//dnubftclk.dxdtdr.fb.um/naa/stunysmcaas/hfr http5//dnubftclk.dxdtdr. fb.um/naa/stunysmcaas/hfrvfrn\rdgdrdkbckj.hti vfrn\rdgdrdkbckj.hti

6>.7. Zhft shluan ylu idktclk ck thd acst lg rdgdrdkbds / `c`acljrfphy< 6>.7.6. @aljs / lkackd frtcbads 



Bfip`daa @rlwk, ‑Blksdqudktcfaczd thcs, ‑Dthcbs 606, kl. > (Euay 0?66)5 :40, fbbdssdn Ndbdi`dr 6, 0?60, http5//nx.nlc.lrj/6?.6?87/77?7377> E Ndfk. (0??8, Ify :). Zhdk thd sdag didrjds5 Cs thft id ck thd icrrlr< ]@alj bliidktY. Pdtrcdvdn grli http5//www.sprckj.lrj.um/thdasttrfksplrt74

6>.7.0. ^wcttdr plst

http5//www.wfcmftl.fb.kz/ac`rfry/stuny/rdgdrdkbckj/styads/fpf/dxfipads

6>.7.0. Zd`sctds http5//..... Fbbdssdn lk Lbtl`dr : th, 0?6>.

6>.7.2. d-`llms, glr dxfipad mcknad `llm 



7>

Rbhcrfanc, J. P. (0?66). ^hd plst-trfuiftcb strdss ncslrndr slurbd`llm5 F jucnd tl hdfackj, rdblvdry, fkn jrlwth ]Fnl`d ncjctfa dnctclks vdrsclkY 77

Futhlr, F. (nftd). ^ctad lg `llm. ` llm. Pdtrcdvdn grli http5//xxxxx 7:

http5//www.prdss.ubhcbfjl.dnu/`llms/turf`cfk/turf`cfk\bctftclkjucnd.htia https5//lwa.dkjacsh.purnud.dnu/lwa/rdslurbd/47?/6?/ 77 http5//gafsh6r.fpf.lrj/fpfstyad/`fscbs/ckndx.hti 7: http5//www.fpfstyad.lrj/adfrk/qucbm-jucnd-lk-rdgdrdkbds.fspx#D-@llms 74

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6>.7.>. _rckt `llms 





_hcacp @. Murafkn fkn Pfaph Adrkdr, dns., ^hd Glukndrs– Blkstctutclk Blkstctutc lk (Bhcbfjl5 Tkcvdrscty lg Bhcbfjl _rdss, 638:) bhfp. 6?, nlb. 63, fbbdssdn Lbtl`dr 64, 0?66, http5//prdsspu`s.ubhcbfjl.dnu/glukndrs/ Ifablai Jafnwdaa, ^hd ^cppckj _lckt5 Hlw acttad thckjs bfk ifmd f `cj ncggdrdkbd (@lstlk5 Acttad, @rlwk, 0???), 7>-74.78 Rhlttlk, I.F. (6383). Bliputdr fnncbtclk< F stuny lg bliputdr ndpdkndkby. Alknlk, Dkjafkn5 ^fyalr fkn Grfkbcs. 73

Rlurbds5 http5//dnubftclk.dxdtdr.fb.um/naa/stunysmcaas/hfrvfrn\rdgdrdkbckj.hti

https5//www.ac`rfry.blrkdaa.dnu/rdsdfrbh/bctftclk/fpf#tdxt @d surd thft ylur rdgdrdkbd acst dxfbtay iftbhds thd rdgdrdkbds ylu usd ck ylur thdscs. :?

78

http5//www.prdss.ubhcbfjl.dnu/`llms/turf`cfk/turf`cfk\bctftclkjucnd.htia http5//gafsh6r.fpf.lrj/fpfstyad/`fscbs/ckndx.hti :? http5//fkkcd`rutlk.wlrnprdss.bli/0?6>/?2/6>/ilrd-phn-thdscs-fnvcbd-grli-dxfickdrs-fkn-supdrvcslrs-4?-tlptcps/ 73

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64. Fppdkncbds 64.6. Fppdkncbds glr faa typds lg rdplrts    

Acst lg rdgdrdkbds / @c`acljrfphy. Acst lg gcjurds. Acst lg tf`ads. Acst lg f``rdvcftclks.

64.0. Fnnctclkfa fppdkncbds glr rdplrts usckj qufktctftcvd idthlns Rurvdy.

64.2. Fnnctclkfa fppdkncbds glr rdplrts usckj qufactftcvd idthlns  

Cktdrvcdw jucnd wcth qudstclks. Nlbuidktftclk lg cktdrvcdws.

^hfkm ylu glr ylur cktdrdst. Glr gurthdr ckspcrftclk fkn pdrslkfaczdn sdrvcbds, padfsd gdda wdablid tl vcsct http5//grfkmbfa`drj.bli/ Hfvd f jrdft nfy.