Tipos de Sistemas (Análisis y Diseño de Sistemas)

 

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BHÂ@D\D\ EF ED\FÒO EF \D\UFNB\ UDWO\ EF \D\UFNB\ V\BEO\

UBC@B EF LOHUFHDEO (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((( ((((((2 2 UBC@B EF LOHUFHDEO(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( \D\UFNB\ EF BWOTO B FAFLVUDZO\((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((3 \D\UFNB\ F]WFSUO\((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((2< 2< \D\UFNB\ EF USBCBAO EF LOHOLDN LOHOLDNDFHUO DFHUO(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((( ((2: 2: \D\UFNB\ EF DHJOSNBLDÜH KFSFHLDB@(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((( (((((((((((( ((((2; 2; \D\UFNB EF WSOLF\BN WSOLF\BNDFHUO DFHUO EF USBH\BL USBH\BLLDOHF\ LDOHF\((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((( ((((((((2= 2= \D\UFNB EF \OWOSUF WBSB @B UONB EF EFLD\DOHF\ EF KSVWO(((((( ((((((((( ((((((( ((((((( (((24 24

 

\D\UFNB\ EF BWOTO B FAFLVUDZO\ Dhusoevlldüh Fh f|uf eolvnfhuo ebsfno| b loholfs ef nbhfsb nâ| bnw`db t f}w`dldub uoeo `o sf`bldohbeo loh `o| \d|ufnb| Ef Bwoto B Faflvudzo|, nfhldohbheo fhusf fhu sf nvl nvlmb| mb| lo| lo|b|, b|, |v| zfh zfhuba ubab| b|,, ef| ef|zf zfhub hubab| ab|,, lbs lbsblu blufsî fsî|ud |udlb lb|, |, b`k b`kvho vho| | fafnw`o| t jvhldohf| rvf sfb`dqbh f|uo| udwo| ef |d|ufnb|…   Rvf |f cb|bh wsdhldwb`nfhuf fh `b zdeb ef `o| faflvudzo| ef vhb oskbhdqbldüh o fnws fn wsf| f|b b t fh `b jo josn snb b fh rv rvf f f``o f``o| | ef ef|f |fnw nwfò fòbh bh |v |v| | `b `bco cosf sf| | ed edbs bsdb db|, |, jbld`duâheo`f |v usbcbao… Fh `b bluvb`debe, `b| oskbhdqbldohf| |oh lbeb zfq nâ| lonw`fab|, lbeb eîb dhloswosbh hvfzb| uflho`okîb| b |v josnb ef usbcbabs loh `o rvf loh|dkvfh lonw lo nwfu fuds ds fh f` nf nfsl slbe beo o k` k`oc ocb` b`dq dqbe beo o rv rvf f f` nv nvhe heo o bl bluv uvb` b`nf nfhu huf f nb nbhf hfab ab(( Wos f|ub sbqüh f| dnwosubhuf rvf `o| |d|ufnb| ef dhjosnbldüh lonwvubsdqbeb o |d|ufnbud |d|ufn budqb qbeb eb |f |fbh bh dnw dnw`fn `fnfhu fhubeo beo| | b lbe lbeb b fnw fnwsf| sf|b b wfs wfsndud ndudfhe fheo o ef f|u f|ub b nbhfsb nbh fsb nfa nfaosb osbss |v jos josnb nb ef usb usbcba cbao, o, `ok `oksbh sbheo eo mbl mblfs| fs|f f nâ| lo lonwf nwfudu ududzo dzo|( |( Lono woesfno| zfs fh f` usbcbao |dkvdfhuf, f|ubno| fh `b äwolb ef` lbncdo, `b kfhfsbldüh ef faflvudzo| rvf f|uâ `defsbheo fnwsf|b| udfhf rvf ufhfs vhb nfhuf nvt bcdfsub wbsb |owosubs `o| bzbhlf| ef `b uflho`okîb t bw`dlbs`o| b |v oskbhdqbldüh, ksbldb| b `o| cbao| lo|uo| ef `o| |d|ufnb| lonwvubsdqbeo| t b `b lonwfufhldb fh `o| nd|no| f| nâ| jâld` f}dkds f dnw`fnfhubs nfedo| rvf ho| jbld`dufh `b uonb ef efld|dohf| lossflub|(  B`kvho| f}wfsuo| lonwbsbh `b fsb ef `b Sfzo`vldüh Dhev|usdb` loh `b äwolb rvf bluvb`nfhuf f|uâ zdzdfheo `b uflho`okîb, loh `o rvf lonwbsuo nd defb wvf| lbeb eîb zfno| hvfzo| |oju{bsf, hvfzo| frvdwo|, hvfzb| nbhfsb| ef mblfs  `b| lo|b| t `b oskbhdqbldüh rvf ho f|uä wsfwbsbeb wbsb f|uo| lbncdo|, rvf ho ufhkb lbwbldebe ef dhjosnbldüh o rvf `b nd|nb |fb nvt eäcd` |dnw`fnfhuf ho wvfef lonwfuds lohusb f` sf|uo ef oskbhdqbldohf|(  B lohudhvbldüh |f efub``b `b josnb fh rvf `o| faflvudzo| ef f|ub hvfzb kfhfsbldüh fhlvfhusbh bwoto| rvf `f| btvefh b |fs nâ| fjdldfhuf|(

\d|ufnb| Ef Bwoto Wbsb Faflvudzo| -F}flvudzf \vwwosu \t|ufn, F||$ 3

 

Vh F\\ -F\\ wos |v| |dk`b| fh dhk`f|$ f| vh |d|ufnb ef bwoto wbsb edsfludzo| rvf wfsnduf bvuonbudqbs `b `bcos ef ocufhfs `o| ebuo| nâ| dnwosubhuf| ef vhb oskbhdqbldüh, sf|vnds`o| t wsf|fhubs`o| ef `b josnb nâ| lonwsfh|dc`f wo|dc`f, wsozff b` faflvudzo bllf|o jâld` b dhjosnbldüh dhufshb t f}ufshb b` hfkoldo loh f` jdh ef ebs |fkvdndfhuo b `o| jbluosf| lsîudlo| ef` ä}duo( @o| F\\ -F\\$ |f fhjolbh wsdnosedb`nfhuf b wsowosldohbs dhjosnbldüh ef `b |duvbldüh bluvb` ef `b lonwbòîb t efabh fh vh w`bho |flvhebsdo `b zd|vb`dqbldüh o wsotflldüh ef f|ub dhjosnbldüh fh f|lfhbsdo| jvuvso|( Fh vh fhuosho lbsblufsî|udlo ef |d|ufnb| ef dhjosnbldüh, f` |d|ufnb loh|o`deb t bendhd|usb nvlmb| ef `b| jvhldohf| ef dhjosnbldüh edbsdb| fh sf`bldüh loh `b| âsfb| âsf b| ef ojd ojdldh ldhb, b, ben bendhd dhd|us |usbud budzb zb|, |, jdh jdhbhl bhldfs dfsb| b| t lvb lvb`rv `rvdfs dfs ousb îhe îheo`f o`f rv rvf f f` faflvudzo sfrvdfsb( @o| F\\ |f lo @o| loh|u h|usvt svtfh fh kfh kfhfsb fsb`nf `nfhuf huf nfe nfedbh dbhuf uf `b dhu dhufks fksbld bldüh üh ef |o |oju{b ju{bsf sf ed|fòbeo wbsb owfsbs lohavhubnfhuf loh `b dhjsbf|usvluvsb t `b| bw`dlbldohf| ef dhjosnbldüh f}d|ufhuf| fh `b dh|uduvldüh( F` |d|ufnb efcdfsb ojsflfs dhjosnf| t bhâ`d|d| ef `b dhjosnbldüh fh udfnwo sfb` b uoeb `b oskbhdqbldüh, efcf dhl`vds lvbeso|, ksâjdlb| f dhjosnf| jâld`f| ef `ffs, |ocsf uoeo dhjosnbldüh dhuvdudzb rvf wfsndub b `o| bendhd|usbeosf| sfb`dqbs f` |fkvdndfhuo ef dhedlbeosf| lsîudlo|( @o| F\\ efcdfsbh wsowosldohbs bllf|o b `b bendhd|usbldüh b lbufkosîb| l`bzf| ef ebuo| sf`fzbhuf|, lono |oh `o| ebuo| dhufsho| lsfbeo| wos `b oskbhdqbldüh, ebuo| k`ocb`f| ef `b dh|uduvldüh, ebuo| f}ufsho| -dhl`vdeb dhjosnbldüh blfslb ef `b lonwfufhldb$ t ebuo| nvhedb`f| -loh f` v|o ef jvfhuf| lono Dhufshfu$( F` v|o ef F\\ mb wfsndudeo b nvlmb| oskbhdqbldohf| lonwbsbs ebuo| l`bzf| loh `o| ef |v| lonwfudeosf|( F| sflonfhebc`f rvf `o| F\\ dhl`vtbh vhb zbsdfebe ef dhjosnf| osedhbsdo| dhloswosbeo|, t `b| mfssbndfhub| ef` |d|ufnb efcdfsbh wfsnduds b `o| v|vbsdo| ef be bendh ndhd| d|usb usbld ldüh üh ls lsfb fbss dh dhjo josn snf| f| f| f|wf wfldb ldb`nf `nfhu huf f ed ed|f |fòb òbeo eo| | rv rvf f wv wvfe febh bh fhzdbs|f b ousb f|ubldüh ef usbcbao us bcbao o edsflubnfhuf b vhb dnwsf|osb( d nwsf|osb(

Lbsblufsî|udlb| ef vh F\\1 Vh cvfh |d|ufnb ef dhjosnbldüh wbsb faflvudzo| wsf|fhub dhjosnbldüh fh josnb ef ksâjdlo|, lo`vnhb| t uf}uo|( @b lbwbldebe wbsb mblfs ksâjdlo| |f hflf|dub wbsb jbld`dubs fh f` bhâ`d|d| sâwdeo ef `b| lohedldohf| t ufhefhldb| lossdfhuf|9 `b| ubc`b| wsf|fhubh nbtos  <

 

efub``f t wfsndufh f` bhâ`d|d| ef zbsdbldohf|9 `b dhjosnbldüh ef uf}uo| bòbef dhufswsfubldohf| t efub``f| ef `o| ebuo|(

@b| wsd wsdhl hldwb dwb`f| `f| lb lbsbl sblufs ufsî|ud î|udlb| lb| ef `o| |d| |d|ufn ufnb| b| ef dhj dhjosn osnbld bldüh üh wbs wbsbb faflvudzo| -F\\$ |oh `b| |dkvdfhuf|1 ‣

F|uâh ed|fòbeo| wbsb lvcsds `b| hflf|debef| f|wflîjdlb| t wbsudlv`bsf|

ef `b b`ub bendhd|usbldüh ef `b fnwsf|b( F}usbfh, jd`usbh, lonwsdnfh t ebh |fkvdndfhuo b dhjosnbldüh lsîudlb ef` hfkoldo( Dnw`dlb rvf `o| faflvudzo| wvfebh dhufsbluvbs fh josnb edsflub loh f` |d|ufnb |dh f` bwoto o bv}d`do ef dhufsnfedbsdo|( F| vh |d| |d|ufn ufnb b ef| ef|bss bsso`` o``beo beo loh b`u b`uo| o| f| f|uâh uâheb ebsf| sf| fh |v| dhu dhufsj fsjblf blf| | moncsf.nbrvdhb, lbsblufsdqbeo wos ksâjdlb| ef b`ub lb`debe, dhjosnbldüh ubcv`bs  t fh josnb ef uf}uo( Wvfefh bllfefs b dhjosnbldüh rvf |f fhlvfhusb fh `îhfb, f}usbtäheo|f fh josnb edsflub ef `b| cb|f| ef ebuo| ef `b oskbhdqbldüh( F` |d|ufnb f|uâ |owosubeo wos f`fnfhuo| f|wfldb`dqbeo| ef mbse{bsf, ‣

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ub`f| lono nohduosf| o zdefo| ef b`ub sf|o`vldüh t |fh|dc`f| b` ubluo, sbuüh f dnwsf|osb| loh uflho`okîb bzbhqbeb( F}d|uf F}d| uf vh vhb b |f |fsdf sdf ef ws wsoe oevl vluo uo| | ef |o |oju ju{b {bsf sf b` b` b`lb lbhl hlf f ef uo uoeo eo| | wb wbsb sb `b w`b `bhd hdjd jdl lbld ldü üh f|us usb buä uäkd kdlb lb,, ed| d|f fòb òbe eo| wb wbsb sb lbwb wbld ldub ubss t btv tve ebs b `o `o| | bendhd|usbeosf| loh `b w`bhdjdlbldüh f|usbuäkdlb(

Zfhubab| Mbc`bs ef `b dnw`b Mbc`bs dnw`bhubl hubldüh düh ef vh |d|ufnb ef bwot bwoto o b fafl faflvudzo vudzo|, |, `b nbtosîb ef `b| zflf|, |dkhdjdlb mbc`bs ef vh `bsko wsolf|o lohusb cbssfsb| udwo uflho`ükdlo, oskbhdqbldohb`, w|dlo`ükdlo, fevlbldohb`, ful( Bvhbeo b f|uo, nvlmb| zflf| |f wsf|fhub vhb |o`b owosuvhdebe ef ä}duo o jsblb|o( \f |vwohf rvf `o| |d|ufnb| ef bwoto b faflvudzo| f|uâh mflmo| b `b nfedeb wbsb |fs v|beo| wos faflvudzo| ef b`uo hdzf`9 |dh fncbsko( V|vb`nfhu V|vb`n fhuf f `o| |d| |d|ufn ufnb| b| rvf bwo bwotb tbh h efl efld|do d|dohf hf| | |oh edj edjîld îld`f| `f| ef av| av|udjd udjdlbs  lbs  v|bheo näuoeo| flohündlo| f|uâhebs ef fzb`vbldüh( Vh F\\ f| lonñhnfhuf ef|bsso``beo loh b`ub| f}wflubudzb| ef ä}duo, |dh fncbsko ufsndhbh jsblb|bheo, t `b| sbqohf| wsdhldwb`f| |oh, |fkñh b`kvho| dhzf|udkbeosf| cb|beo| fh `o| |dkvdfhuf| lsdufsdo| ef fzb`vbldüh1 2( Bllf|o( F| oczdo rvf |d vh |d|ufnb |f fhlvfhusb ed|wohdc`f |dkhdjdlb rvf `o| v|vbsdo| ufhesâh bllf|o b ä`, ef vhb nbhfsb ho lonw`dlbeb t ef|ef wvhuo| l`bzf( \d f|uo ho |vlfef, f` |d|ufnb ho |fszdsâ ef hbeb( 5

 

V|o( Vh dhedlbeos dnwosubhuf f| |v jsflvfhldb ef v|o( \d vh |d|ufnb ho 3( f| v|b v|beo eo,, o |dn |dnw`f w`fnfh nfhuf, uf, `o| v|v v|vbsd bsdo| o| wou woufhl fhldb` db`f| f| ho `o fnw fnw`fb `fbh, h, f|u f|uo o |f sfj`fabsâ fh f` ä}duo ef` |d|ufnb( \bud|jblldüh( \d f` |d|ufnb ho wvfef |bud|jblfs b |v| v|vbsdo|, ä|uo| ho