Tipos de Muestreo

 

6. ietrhlummiýe k ahs tiphs lg bugstrgh Ga bugstrgh gs utiaizklh ge ak gstklâstimk mhe ak jiekailkl lg hptibizkr rgmurshs (tigbph, bkeh lg hfrk, bktgrikags g iesubhs). Tkrk ahcrkrah, ahs béthlhs gstklâstimhs hjrgmge lhs tiphs lg bugstrgh> prhfkfiaâstimh y eh prhfkfiaâstimh (Bkrtâegz, 6443). Ge gstg mkpâtuah sg prgtgelg gsfhzkr lg jhrbk cgegrka, ahs mhemgpths rgakmiheklhs mhe ahs béthlhs lg bugstrgh usklhs ge gstklâstimk. 6.; Béthlhs lg bugstrgh prhfkfiaâstimh

Ahs béthlhs lg bugstrgh prhfkfiaâstimh fusmke qug thlhs ahs gagbgeths qug mhejhrbke ak phfakmiýe tgecke icuka prhfkfiailkl ka sgr sgagmmiheklhs ge ak bugstrk. Gs lgmir, bugstrks lg ue tkbkûh lgtgrbieklh qug sg puglke skmkr thlks lg uekaks phfakmiýe tgelrëe ak bisbk prhfkfiailkl lg sgr gagcilks. Gstg béthlh lg bugstrgh gs ga bës rgmhbgelkfag, lklh qug ksgcurke lg kacuek bkegrk ak rgprgsgetktivilkl lg ak bugstrk qug sg gxtrkg? sg limg ‑lg kacuek bkegrk‒ phrqug puglge gbpagkrsg témeimks pkrk lgtgrbiekr ga tkbkûh rgprgsgetktivh lg ak bugstrk pkrk phfakmihegs jieitks g iejieitks, k pkrtir lga eivga lg mhejikezk, grrhr lg bugstrgh y tkbkûh lg l g ak phfakmiýe. K mhetieukmiýe sg lgsmrifge ahs priemipkags béthlhs lg bugstrgh prh fkfiaâstimh. 6.;.; Bugstrgh kagkthrih sibpag Ga bugstrgh kagkthrih sibpag gs bës utiaizklh phr su kciailkl, sie gbfkrch gs phmh þtia mukelh sg tigege phfakmihegs buy crkelgs. Ahs pkshs k sgcuir ge gstg tiph lg bugstrgh she ahs sicuigetgs> sg ksicek ue eþbgrh k mklk gagbgeth lg ak phfakmiýe y, phr bglih lg ue bgmkeisbh tka mhbh fkahtks lgetrh lg ue rgmipigetg h ga ush lg eþbgrhs kagkthrihs, sg gaicg ga eþbgrh lg gagbgeths rgqugrilhs pkrk ak bugstrk (Bkrtâegz, 6444).

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6.;.6 Bugstrgh kagkthrih sistgbëtimh  Ga bugstrgh kagkthrih sistgbëtimh mhesistg ge ksicekr eþbgrhs k ak thtkailkl lg gagbgeths lg ak phfakmiýe. Bkrtâegz (6444, p. 6) lgsmrifg ga prhmgsh pkrk kpaimkr gstg tiph lg bugstrgh> Ieimikabgetg sg thbk ue eþbgrh kagkthrih i  ( gagcilh gagcilh ka kzkr) y ahs gagbgeths qug mhejhrbke ak bugstrk she kqugaahs qug sg ufimke ge ahs sitihs i, i+o, i+6o, i+=o,..., i+(e-;)o,  h sgk qug sg thbke ahs ieliviluhs lg o  ge o , lhelg o  gs  gs ga rgsuatklh lg livilir ga eþbgrh lg gagbgeths lg ak phfakmiýe getrg ga eþbgrh lg gagbgeths lg ak bugstrk> o2E/e. Ga eþbgrh i   qug sg gbpagk mhbh pueth lg pkrtilk sgrë ue eþbgrh ka kzkr getrg ; y o. 

Ka gbpagkr ga bugstrgh kagkthrih sistgbëtimh sg lgfg tgegr muilklh mhe aks phfakmihegs ge aks mukags sg lke pgrihlimilklgs, pugs ka gagcir gagbgeths mhe pgrihlimilkl mhestketg (o), gs phsifag qug sg hftgeck uek bugstrk mhe lijgrgemik mhestketg getrg ahs lkths, bigetrks qug ge ak phfakmiýe eh sg prgsgetk gstg mhbphrtkbigeth. 6.;.= Bugstrgh kagkthrih gstrktijimklh  Gstg tiph lg bugstrgh fusmk sibpaijimkr ahs prhmgshs, mhe ga hfngth lg bieibizkr ga grrhr bugstrka ka lgtgrbiekr ga tkbkûh ýptibh lg ak bugstrk, fësimkbgetg mukelh ak phfakmiýe gs `gtgrhcéegk y prgsgetk crke vkrikfiailkl. Ga prhmglibigeth mhesistg ge lgtgrbiekr mktgchrâks (h gstrkths) lijgrgetgs getrg ahs gagbgeths lg ak phfakmiýe (Bkrtâegz, 6444). Ahs gstrkths sg lgjiege mhe rgspgmth k ak sibiaitul getrg aks mkrkmtgrâstimks lg ahs gagbgeths, phr gngbpah> gstklh mivia, céegrh y eivga skakrika. Ga hfngth lga bugstrgh gstrktijimklh ckrketizk qug thlhs ahs gstrkths lgjieilhs phr ga ievgsticklhr gstkrëe rgprgsgetklhs ge ak bugstrk. Mklk gstrkth gs ielgpgeligetg y ge mklk ueh lg gaahs sg rgkaizk ga bugstrgh kagkthrih sibpag pkrk sgagmmihekr ahs gagbgeths qug mhejhrbkrëe ak bugstrk.

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gagbgeths fësimhs lg gstklâstimk lgsmriptivk pkrk ga keëaisis lg lkths

 

Ak listrifumiýe lg ahs gagbgeths qug sgrëe bugstrgklhs ge mklk gstrkth sg mhehmg mhbh kjinkmiýe, y puglg sgr lg lijgrgetgs tiphs> Kjinkmiýe sibpag>   mukelh ga eþbgrh lg gagbgeths bugstrgklhs sg rgpkrtg ge icukags mketilklgs ge thlhs ahs gstrkths. Kjinkmiýe prhphrmiheka> ga eþbgrh lg gagbgeths bugstrgklhs ge mklk gstrkth gs ak prhphrmiýe lg su tkbkûh mhe rgspgmth ka lg ak phfakmiýe. Kjinkmiýe ýptibk>  klgbës  klgbës lg ak prhphrmiýe ge mklk gstrkth, sg tigeg ge mugetk ak vkrikmiýe (lgsvikmiýe tâpimk). Gstg tiph lg kjinkmiýe eh gs buy usklk, lgfilh k qug ge ak bkyhrâk lg ahs prhmgshs bugstrkags eh sg mhehmg ak lgsvikmiýe. Thsklk y Fuitrkch (6440) paketgke ga sicuigetg gngbpah iaustrktivh> ]g gstë ietgrgsklh ge gstulikr ga crklh lg kmgptkmiýe qug ak ibpaketkmiýe lg ak rgjhrbk glumktivk `k tgeilh getrg ahs pklrgs lg ue bueimipih. K tka gjgmth sg sgagmmiheý uek bugstrk lg :44 pklrgs lg jkbiaik. ]g mhehmg phr ahs lkths lga Bieistgrih lg Glumkmiýe qug lg ahs ;4.444 eiûhs gsmhakrizklhs ge ak fësimk, 3.444 kmulge k mhagcihs pþfaimhs y =.444 k mhagcihs privklhs. Mhbh ga ietgrés gs qug ge ak bugstrk gstée rgprgsgetklhs thlhs ahs tiphs lg mhagcih, sg rgkaizk ue bugstrgh gstrktijimklh gbpagkelh mhbh vkrikfag lg gstrktijimkmiýe ga tiph lg mhagcih. ]i sg gbpagk uek kjinkmiýe sibpag sgrâke =44 eiûhs lg mklk tiph lg mgetrh, pgrh ge gstg mksh pkrgmg bës rkzhekfag utiaizkr uek kjinkmiýe prhphrmiheka prhphrmiheka pugs `ky fkstketg lijgrgemik ge ga tkbkûh lg ahs gstrkths. Thr mhesicuigetg, sg mkamuak ak prhphrmiýe pkrk mklk ueh lg ahs gstrkths rgspgmth lg ak phfakmiýe, pkrk phlgr rgjagnkrah ge ak bugstrk. Mhagcihs pþfaimhs> 3.444/;4.444 2 4.34 Mhagcihs privklhs> =.444/;4.444 2 4.=4 Tkrk mhehmgr ga tkbkûh lg mklk gstrkth ge ak bugstrk sg buatipaimk ak prhphrmiýe phr ga tkbkûh bugstrka.

Ietrhlummiýe k ahs tiphs lg bugstrgh

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Mhagcihs pþfaimhs> 4.34x:44 2 4.=4x:44 2 ;04 pklrgs lg jkbiaik  Ak sgagmmiýe lg ahs aks ueilklgs lg skaul, ahs lgpkrtkbgeths lg uek gbprgsk, ahs bueimipihs lg ue lgpkrtkbgeth. Gstg tiph lg bugstrgh sg rgkaizk bgliketg ak sgagmmiýe lg ue eþbgrh lg mhecahbgrklhs lg jhrbk kagkthrik y phstgrihrbgetg sg kekaizke thlhs ahs gagbgeths gagbg eths qug pgrtgegmge k ahs mhecahbgrklhs sgagmmiheklhs (Bkrtâegz, 6444). Ga bugstrgh phr mhecahbgrklhs sugag mhejuelirsg mhe ga bugstrgh gstrktijimklh. Ak lijgrgemik rklimk ge qug ga gstrktijimklh prgsgetk lg bkegrk ekturka aks kcrupkmihegs, bigetrks qug ga bugstrgh phr mhecahbgrklhs yk gstëe lgjieilhs ahs cruphs lg kmugrlh k ak jiekailkl lga gstulih. Ge kacuehs mkshs, ga prhmgsh lg bugstrgh puglg aagckr k sgr mhbpagnh y sg kmulg ka bugstrgh phaigtëpimh , ga muka mhesistg ge rgkaizkr gtkpks sumgsivks, utiaizkelh ge mklk uek lg gaaks kacueh lg ahs béthlhs lg bugstrgh prhfkfiaâstimh yk bgemiheklhs. Ehrbkabgetg, ak pribgrk gtkpk utiaizklk lk auckr k ak livisiýe lg aks ueilklgs ge uek sgcuelk gtkpk y ksâ sumgsivkbgetg, `kstk mhbpagtkr aks ueilklgs rgqugrilks ge ak bugstrk. K bkegrk lg gngbpah sg bgemihek ue mksh ge ga muka gs phsifag utiaizkr ga bugstrgh phaigtëpimh> sg rgquigrg thbkr uek bugstrk lg

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gagbgeths fësimhs lg gstklâstimk lgsmriptivk pkrk ga keëaisis lg lkths

 

Tribgrk gtkpk> sgagmmihek ka kzkr 0 lg aks ;: mhbueks mhb ueks qug mhejhrbke ak zhek urfkek lga bueimipih lg Bglgaaâe. ]gcuelk gtkpk> thbkr kagkthrikbgetg 7 iestitumihegs glumktivks ge mklk uek lg aks 0 mhbueks. \grmgrk gtkpk> ge mklk iestitumiýe glumktivk, sg thbk kagkthrikbgetg ue cruph lg crklh hemg. Mukrtk gtkpk> ge mklk cruph lg crklh hemg sgagmmiheklh, sg thbke ka kzkr ;4 gstuliketgs. Jiekabgetg, ak bugstrk gstkrë mhestituilk phr

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gagbgeths fësimhs lg gstklâstimk lgsmriptivk pkrk ga keëaisis lg lkths

 

6.=.; Bugstrgh phr muhtks  \kbfiée sg mhehmg mhbh bugstrgh ‑kmmilgetka‒, phr sgr buy utiaizklh ge aks gemugstks lg hpieiýe. \igeg mhbh prgbisk ga mhehmibigeth kbpaih lg ahs gstrkths h cruphs rgagvketgs lg ak phfakmiýe, gs phr gsh qug sg ksgbgnk ka bugstrgh gstrktijimklh, pgrh lijigrg ka eh tgegr ga mkrëmtgr kagkthrih (Thsklk y Fuitrkch, 6440). Tkrk ga bugstrgh sg jinke ‑muhtks‒ qug mhrrgsphelge k ue eþbgrh lg gagbgeths qug mubpage migrths rgqugribigeths, ue gngbpah phlrâk sgr> 74 pgrsheks getrg ahs ;0 y =4 kûhs, gstuliketgs lg prgcrklh y rgsilgetgs ge uek bisbk miulkl. Ge gstg mksh, ak muhtk she ahs gstuliketgs lg prgcrklh rgsilgetgs ge uek bisbk miulkl y sgrëe sgagmmiheklhs ahs pribgrhs 74 gstuliketgs qug mubpake ak mhelimiýe. 6.=.6 Bugstrgh ietgemiheka u hpieëtimh   Gstg tiph lg bugstrgh sg utiaizk mukelh ak phfakmiýe gs lgsmhehmilk y sg rgquigrg hftgegr hftgegr ‑rgprgsgetktivks‒. ‑rgprgsgetktivks‒. Tkrk gaah, sg iemauyge ge ak bugstrk cruphs tâpimhs qug pgrbitke subieistrkr ak iejhrbkmiýe rgqugrilk, phr gngbpah shelghs prggagmthrkags h cusths shfrg ue gvgeth (Bkrtâegz, 6443). 6.=.= Bugstrgh fhak lg eigvg Gstg tiph lg bugstrgh gs utiaizklh ge gstulihs mhe phfakmihegs ge aks mukags eh sg mhehmge ahs gagbgeths qug ak ietgcrke, pgrh sg skfg qug gxistge. Ge gstg prhmgsh sg ahmkaizke kacuehs ieliviluhs qug pgrbitke ak viemuakmiýe mhe htrhs, y ksâ `kstk hftgegr uek bugstrk rgprgsgetk-

Ietrhlummiýe k ahs tiphs lg bugstrgh

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