tipos de daños

Presentan:  Ángel sánchez Pérez Pérez  Jose Manuel Rodríguez Rodríguez Cúpil Cúpil Patricia Guadalupe Olan González

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TIPOS DE DAÑOS 

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Una vez que el daño y su origen han sido detectados, puede elegirse el remedio correcto. Sin embargo una vez que se han hecho diversas operaciones en el pozo desde la perforación hasta una eventual reparación, pueden coexistir varios tipos de daño, que en conjunto ocasionan la problemática problemátic a de un daño potencial en el pozo. Las características físicas son las que determinan el fluido

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EMULSIONES 

La mezcla de fluidos de base agua y base petróleo ocasionan emulsiones en la formación. Las emulsiones tienen la particularidad de tener viscosidades muy  elevadas, en particular las emulsiones de agua y petróleo. Normalmente se forman durante la invasión del filtrado del lodo de perforación o durante los tratamientos fluidos posteriores. De la misma manera, los filtrados de los lodos

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CAMBIOS DE MOJABILIDAD 

La mojabilidad total o parcial del petróleo en la roca reduce la permeabilidad relativa al petróleo. Esto puede ocurrir por el fenómeno de adsorción a través de minerales activos en la superficie de la pared poral. El daño puede ser remediado a través de la inyección de solventes capaces de remover la fase de hidrocarburos que está mojando a la roca, la solución es agregar un tensioactivo fuerte, que

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WATER BLOCK 

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El bloqueo por agua es causado por un incremento en la saturación de agua Sw en las inmediaciones del pozo, disminuyendo la permeabilidad relativa al petróleo. El bloqueo por agua puede formarse durante las operaciones de perforación y terminación mediante la invasión de filtrados de base agua en la formación, o durante la producción, cuando aumenta la relación agua-petróleo. El bloqueo, se ve favorecido con la presencia de arcillas intraporales, como la illita. Estas arcillas, debido a su forma

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SARROS 

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Los sarros son precipitados minerales, que pueden precipitar tanto durante la perforación, como durante la producción (en el tubing) e inclusive en el interior de la formación. Normalmente esta precipitación es mucho mayor durante la producción, puesto que se ve maximizada por las bajas temperaturas y presiones en las inmediaciones del pozo.

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DEPÓSITOS ORGÁNICOS 

Los mecanismos por lo cuales se origina son variados y  complejos, pero el principal motivo es algún cambio en las  variables termodinámicas a las que está sometido el f luido

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DEPÓSIT DEPÓSI TOS MIXT MIXTOS OS 

Son depósitos compuestos por la mezcla mezc la de componentes componentes orgánicos e inorgánicos, que pueden incluir también

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FANGOS Y ARCILLAS ARCILLAS 

Este daño incluye la invasión de arcillas provenientes del lodo de perforación (normalmente bentonita o atapulgita) y/o por hinchamiento o migración de las arcillas inherentes de la

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TIPOS DE DAÑOS DE FORMACION PERFORACION

Los fluidos de perforación constan de una fase sólida y una liquida, los daños que causa en los reservorios son ocasionados ocasiona dos por el filtrado de la fase sólida o por invasión de sólidos en el medio poroso.

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El medio poroso actúa como un filtro y por lo tanto, las partículas sólidas pueden invadirlo dependiendo de su tamaño, del diámetro promedio de las gargantas de los

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