Tipos de Cabeça de Parafusos

 

[DY@^ KM NHEMÂH KM YHUHF]^@^

 

OHUNHÂÎ@ GH NHEMÂH K@ YHUHF]^@

 

NLH^^M KM UM^D^[ÃGNDH „ [@UX]M H nlhssm km rmsdstãgndh k` ohtmrdhl qum ` phrhfus` ä fmdt` vmo msthophk` gh suh nhemâh gh f`roh km uo nþkdb` km k`ds góomr`s g` f`roht` ZZ.T. Y`r mxmopl`, =.:, :.: `u 85.4. ^hemr n`gjmnmr mssm nþkdb` ä dop`rthgtm p`r khr uoh e`h dkmdh kh rmsdstãgndh k` phrhfus` m phrh kmtmrodghr ` t`rqum km hpmrt` oèxdo`. @ prdomdr` góomr` (ZZ) oulpldnhk` p`r 89 kdz ` ldodtm km rmsdstãgndh é trhâî` k` phrhfus` m ` smbugk` góomr` (T) oulpldnhk` p`r (ZZ) ` ldodtm km msn`homgt` msn`homgt`.. Mx83 :.: ` “prdomdr`‟ `dt` rmprmsmgth :99 G/ooµ oïgdo` km rmsdstãgndh h trhâî`1 ` “smbugk` `dt`‟, gh vmrkhkm .:, qumr kdzmr :9% kh trhâî` ? ldodtm km msn`homgt` km 6;9 G.ooµ Mx53 85.4 ` 85 rmprmsmgth 8559 G/ooµ oïgdo` km rmsdstãgndh h trhâî`1 ` g`vm, gh vmrkhkm, .4 qumr kdzmr 49% kh trhâî` ? ldodtm km msn`homgt` km 894: G.ooµ Xuhgt` omg`r f`r h nlhssm km rmsdstãgndh k` phrhfus`, ohd`r smrè suh kunedldkhkm (nhphndkhkm km kmf`rohâî` k` ohtmrdhl htä suh rupturh, smgk` qum, quhgt` ohds kónl f`r ` phrhfus`, ohd`r smrè suh nhphndkhkm km hl`gbhomgt` smo sm r`opmr), p`räo omg`r smrè h suh nhphndkhkm km bmrhr f`râh. Mo `utrhs phlhvrhs, sup`rth omg`s t`rqum.

U@^NH ^D^[MOH OÄ[UDN@ „ OHMUDNH - RD[JR@U[J

 

Hs r`snhs km pmrl trdhgbulhr sî` fherdnhkhs smbugk` trãs sdstmohs g`rohzhk`s3 ` sd sdst stmo mohh oä oätr trdn dn` ` `u dgtm dgtmrg rghn hnd` d`gh ghll (D^@ (D^@), ), ` sdst sdstmo mohh dgbl dgblãs ãs `u wj wjdt dtw` w`rt rtj jm ` sdstmoh homrdnhg`.

G` sdstmoh oätrdn` hs r`snhs sî` kmtmrodghkhs mo odlïomtr`s. @s lmtms tão f`roh trdhgbulhr, ågbul` km 69³, nrdsth plhgh m rhdz hrrmk`gkhkh. G` sdstmoh wjdtw`rtj sî` khkhs mo p`lmbhkhs. Gmssm sdstmoh, ` lmtm tmo h f`roh trdhgbulhr, ågbul` km ==³, nrdsth m rhdz hrrmk`gkhk`s. @ phss` ä kmtmrodghk` kdvdkdgk`sm uoh p`lmbhkh pml` góomr` km lmtms n`gk`s mo uoh p`lmbhkh.

G` sdstmoh homrdnhg` hs omkdkhs sî` mxprmsshs mo p`lmbhkhs. @ lmtm tmo h f`roh trdhgbulhr, ågbul` km 69³, nrdsth plhgh m rhdz hrrmk`gkhkh. Gmssm sdstmoh, n`o` g` wjdtw`rtj, ` phss` thoeäo ä kmtmrodghk` kdvdkdgk`-sm uoh p`lmbhkh pml` góomr` km lmtms n`gk`s mo uoh p`lmbhkh.

 

G`s trãs sdstmohs, hs r`snhs sî` fherdnhkhs mo k`ds phkrýms3 g`rohl m gh. H r`snh g`rohl tmo omg`r góomr` km lmtms p`r p`lmbhkh qum h r`snh gh. G` sdstmoh wjdtw`rtj, h r`snh g`rohl ä nhrhntmrdzhkh pmlh sdblh E^R (erdsj sthgkhrk wjdtw`rtj „ phkrî` erdtågdn` phrh r`snhs g`rohds). Gmssm omso` sdstmoh, h r`snh gh ä nhrhntmrdzhkh pmlh sdblh E^F (erdsj sthgkhrk gm „ phkrî` erdtågdn` phrh r`snhs ghs). G` sdstmoh homrdnhg`, h r`snh g`rohl ä nhrhntmrdzhkh pmlh sdblh GN (gh`ghl n`hrsm) m h r`snh gh pmlh sdblh GF (gh`ghl gm).

OH[MUDHD^ M UMVM^[DOMG[@^ KM YHUHF]^@^ M HNM^^ÞUD@^ @s ohtmrdhds m rmvmsomg rmvmsomgt`s t`s sî`  sî` oudt` dop`rthgtms gh j`rh km msn`ljmr xhk`rms phrh smu pr`cmt`. Nhkh p` km hâ` m nhkh rmvmsomgt` hpldnhk` p`ssumo suhs dgkdnhâýms m suhs ldodthâýms. Hlbugs sî` oudt` rmsdstmgtms h dgtmopärdms, mgquhgt` `utr`s sî` uldzhk`s hpmghs p`r mstänh.  

HÂ@ SDGNHK@  Ä uo hâ` km ehdx` nhre`g` phrh us` bmrhl. Umlhvhomgtmm ehrht`, mstm rmvmsomgt` km Umlhvhomgt zdgn`, f`rgmnm rmsdstãgndh o`kmrhkh é n`rr`sî`. Dkmhl phrh hoedmgtms fmnjhk`s `u hoedmgtms smn`s. ^uh t`ghldkhkm vhrdh km hn`rk` n`o ` pr`nmss` uldzhk`.

BHLVHGDSHK@ H F@B@ Ä uo rmvmsomgt` km zdgn` ohds br`ss`, n`o ohd`r rmsdstãgndh é n`rr`sî`. Dgkdnhk` phrh us` mxtmrg`. Y`r kmstm p` km rmvmsomgt`, hpmghs p`rnhs m hrrumlhs bhlvhgdzhkhs smrvdrî` n`o ` phrhfus`. ^uh hphrãgndh p`ssud uo hspmnt` èspmr` m ndgzh.

 

HÂ@ DG@ZDKÈVML Ä rmsdstmgtm n`gtrh h n`rr`sî`, dgkdnhk` phrh us` mxtmrg` m hpldnhâýms ohrïohs. Y`räo, ä ohds nhr` qum ` rmvmsomgt` km zdgn`.

LH[Î@ M EU@GSM ^î` ldbhs km n`erm n`o e`h rmsdstãgndh é n`rr`sî`. Ohds nhr` k` qum ` hâ`, mstms ohtmrdhds sî` g`rohlomgtm uldzhk`s phrh hpldnhâýms kmn`rhvhs. kmn`rhvhs. Hs n`rms p`kmo vhrdhr sdbgdnhvhomgtm.

HÂ@ LDBH Ä hlthomgtm mgkurmndk`, usuhlomgtm `xdkhk` prmt` m/`u `lmhk`, `fmrmnm p`unh rmsdstãgndh n`gtrh h n`rr`sî`.

[DY@^ KM YHUHF]^@^ YHUH OHKMDUH  @s phrhfus`s phrh ohkmdrh f`rho kmsmgv`lvdk`s phrh hpldnhâýms kdrmths m, gh ohd`rdh khs vmzms, smo ` us` km hnmssþrd`s n`o` p`rnhs m hrrumlhs.

 

  Ä pr`vèvml qum `s phrhfus`s phrh ohkmdrh smcho `s ohds ushk`s h` rmk`r k` ougk`. ]ldzhk`s prdgndphlomgtm prdgndphlomgtm gh cugâî` km pmâhs km ohkmdrh kmvdk` é suh brhgkm f`râh km hpmrt`, thoeäo sî` uldzhk`s phrh xhr k`erhkdâhs, fmnjhkurhs m `utr`s `ecmt`s qum gî` smcho km ohkmdrh. H prdgndphl nhrhntmrïsnh k`s phrhfus`s phrh ohkmdrh ä suh r`snh, kmsmgv`lvdkh phrh hbhrrhr m smburhr h ohkmdrh n`o romzh. Mgtrmthgt`, mxdstmo kdvmrs`s `utr`s p`s km phrhfus`s, n`o vhrdhâýms mo suh nhemâh, fmgkh, n`oprdomgt` m hpldnhâýms prþprdhs. N`gjmâh hlbugs k`s p`s km phrhfus`s phrh ohkmdrh ohds uldzhk`s.

 YHUHF]^@^ NJDYE@HUK  @ g`o g`omm k` phrhfu phrhfus` s` njd njdpe` pe`hrk hrk ä `rd `rdbdg bdgèrd èrd` ` kh phl phlhvr hvrhh dgb dgblms lmshh “nj “njdpe dpe`hr `hrk‟, k‟, qum sdbgdnh “hbl`omrhk`‟. ^mu n`rp` ä ohlmèvml, ` qum pmrodtm pmrfurhr h ohkmdrh smo khgdnhr suh mstruturh. Msth ohlmhedldkhkm, pmrodtm rmsdsr brhgkms nhrbhs, smo n`rrmr ` rdsn` km qumerhr. Dss` bhrhgtm h kurhedldkhkm k` pr`kut` ghl, uoh vmz qum mxdbmo omg`s ohgutmgâî` m tr`nhs km xhk`rms.  

YHUHF]^@ OHKMDUH  @ phrhfus` ohkmdrh p`ssud uoh r`snh ohds br`ssh m phrtm km suh jhstm ldsth. Msth phrtm ldsh pmrodtm puxhr uoh pmâh km ohkmdrh htä h `utrh, smo n`rrmr ` rdsn` km trhvhomgt`. Hlbugs phrhfus`s ohkmdrh p`ssumo uo n`rp` hfugdlhk`, dkmhds phrh xhâýms omg`s pr`fugkhs.

 

 

YHUHF]^@ NHOH  @ phrhfus` nhoh f`d kmsmgv`lvdk` mspmndnhomgtm phrh h ugdî` km pmâhs km o`eïldh, n`o` nhohs, hroèrd`s, emrâ`s, prhtmlmdrhs m `utr`s. ^î` phrhfus`s n`o n`oprdomgt`s ohd`rms, nhphzms km htrhvmsshr pmâhs ohds br`sshs km ohkmdrh. ^uhs r`snhs sî` ohds ghs, ` qum fhndldth h o`gthbmo m kmso`gthbmo.  

YHUHF]^@^ N@UUMKDÂH M K@EUHKDÂH  N`o` ` prþprd` g`om kdz, `s phrhfus`s n`rrmkdâ`s m `s phrhfus`s k`erhkdâh sî` uldzhk`s gh xhâî` km mlmomgt`s km oþvmds, n`o` k`erhkdâhs, n`rrmkdâhs, kmsldzhgtms m `utr`s. Y`ssumo r`snhs ohds msphâhkhs m br`sshs, hläo km n`oprdomgt`s ohds nurt`s. Dss` bhrhgtm uoh xhâî` ohds f`rtm, do`edldzhgk` `s mlmomgt`s cugt` é ohkmdrh.  

YHUHF]^@ FUHGNÃ^ Y`ssud uoh nhemâh mo f`roht` km n`buoml`, hn`ophgjhkh km uoh smâî` quhkrhkh l`b` hehdx`. Msth smâî` pmrodtm ` trhvhomgt` k` phrhfus` quhgk` n`l`nhk` mo fur`s

 

quhkrhk`s `u rmk`gk`s mo ohkmdrhs. ]shk` mo vdbhs km ohkmdrh, ehgn`s km prhâh m `utr`s.

YHUHF]^@ H][@ H[HUUHZHG[M ]ldzhk` phrh h xhâî` km omthds, p`ssud uoh r`snh ohds gh m n`rthgtm qum ` fhz “hbhrrhr‟ n`o ohds f`râh g` fur`. Ä uo phrhfus` qum kdspmgsh h nrdhâî` km r`snh g` ohtmrdhl, hläo km gî` gmnmssdthr km p`rnh mo suh ghldzhâî`. Y`km smr ushk` gh  cugâî` km ohkmdrh ohkmdrh n`o njhph njhphss omtèldnhs.