Tipología y Crisis Familiar

 

]JUKOKDÈC GCHJOJCP< Oc gchjojc ns ua sjstnhc c`jnrtk na fkastcatn jatnrcffjöa fka oks natkraks bjstörjfk, skfjco, nfkaöhjfk y fuoturco9 ak ns uac uajmcm bkhkdêanc na su fkagkrhcfjöa, ok fuco jamjfc qun ak tkmcs nstãa jatndrcmcs mn jduco hcanrc. Ukr tcatk, bcy uac drca vcrjnmcm mn noocs9 oc prnvconafjc mn oks mjsatks pks mn gchjojcs, sus fcrcftnrèsfcs skfjkmnhkdrãfcs y ocs gkrhcs mn krdcajzcfjöa bkdcrnóc y gchjojcr vcrèca fka no nhpk y sndüa ocs trcasgkrhcfjkans nfkaöhjfcs, mnhkdrãfcs y fuoturcons mno fkatnxtk skfjco. Nxjstna mjgnrnatns pks mn gchjojc sndüa<

3. Vu ns nstr truf uftu turc rc,, punm punmn n snr snr  

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Aufoncr< funatc fka nspksk, nspksc fka k sja bjlks Nxtnasc< fkayuduns n bjlks qun vjvna luatk c ktrks gchjojcrns fkascaduèanks, f kascaduèanks, pkr cmkpfjöa k cajmcm. Chpojcmc< oks catnrjkrns qun cmnhãs fkavjvna fka ktrks sja anxk ondco (chjdks, fkhpcmrns, ntf).

0. Vjhuotãanc< Gchjoj Gchjojcs cs mn mn aunv anstã unvk kjatndrcmc pk, pk, punmn punpkr mn uac snr snr pcrnlc mkamn uak mn nooks k ch`ks, vjnana mn tnanr

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ktrcs pcrnlcs y mn bc`nr mjsunotk su vèafuok hcrjtco. Oks bjlks ska mn mjgnrnatns pcmrns k hcmrns. 

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Hcmrcstrco< dnanrcmc pkr oc sustufjöa mn ua prkdnajtkr, pkr vjumnz, snpcrcfjöa k rupturc fkayudco. Hkmcojmcm huy na `kdc na n a nstks nhpks mn dok`cojzcfjöa, rkhpjhjnatk mn akrhcs skfjcons y oj`nrcfjöa mn tc`üns Ucmrcstrco< dnanrcmc pkr oc sustufjöa mn ua prkdnajtkr, pkr vjumnz, snpcrcfjöa k rupturc fkayudco. Hkmcojmcm huy na `kdc na n a nstks nhpks mn dok`cojzcfjöa, rkhpjhjnatk mn akrhcs skfjcons y oj`nrcfjöa mn tc`üns Hkakpcrnatco< fcsks fkhk snpcrcfjöa9 c`camkak, mjvkrfjk, hunrtn, cusnafjc pkr hkvks gkrzksks mn uak mn oks pcmrns, no ktrk sn bcfn fcrdk. Bkhksnxuco< fkafnptk mn`c`on, rnocfjöa natrn mks pnrskacs mno hjshk snxk. (cmkpfjöa k prkfrncfjöa csjsmc)

6. Vu gkrh gkrhcc mn fkavjv fkavjvnaf nafjc, jc, punm punmn n snr snr 

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Bkdcr uajpnrskaco< Fkrrnspkamn c pnrskacs skocs qun ak fkhpcrtna oc vjvjnamc. Vurdn pkr kpfjöa k anfnsjmcm, jamnpnamjnatnhnatn mn su sjtucfjöa cgnfvc, ok qun ak nxfouyn no mnscrrkook mn rnocfjkans nröfk-cgnfvcs k mn pcrnlc y ojcons. Ns grnfunatn na ocs pnrskacs skotnrcs, vjumcs y cafjcacs y frnfn frn fn na drupks pk`ocfjkacons qun bca vjvnafjcmk prkfnsks mn fkayudcojmcm y pcrnatcojmcm, prnvconfjnamk na oks nstrctks cotks mn oc skfjnmcm. ^ajmcm mkhêsfc< Ns uac nstrctndjc mn sk`rnvjvnafjc mkamn ocs pnrskacs nstãa uajmcs vkouatcrjchnatn pcrc cuhnatcr no aühnrk mn pnrfnptkrns nfkaöhjfks y okdrcr nfkakhècs mn nsfcoc. Ak bcy focrjmcm na no pk mn rnocfjkans qun hnmjc natrn sus hjnh`rks, y na fcmc fcsk sn pkrpkmnr fkafnrtcfjöa. Uunmn ak jafoujr cutkrjmcm, mnnstc`onfn skojmcrjmcm, k skok prnsnatcrsn uac mnvèafuoks noocs9 oksnahnatcons, jhprnsfjamj`onmn ns oc

 

rnocfjöa nfkaöhjfc mn sus fkhpkanatns. Coduacs gkrhcs mn bkdcr hcs rnfkakfjmcs ska oks fucrtnon, fkavnatks, fchpchnatks, csjoks, bkspjtcons.

=. Oc nstruf nstrufturc turc mno pkmnr pkmnr y/k cutkrjmcm, cutkrjmcm, punmn punmn snr snr 

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Uctrjcrfco< Vufnmn fucamk ua jamjvjmuk mn snxk hcsfuojak csuhn oc rnspkasc`jojmcm mn oèmnr mno drupk k snak gchjojcr y tkhc mnfjsjkans qun cgnftca no pk mn vjmc qun oonvc no drupk, na no fcsk Hctrjcrfco< no pcpno ok csuhn uac hulnr, pjfchnatn pkr su nmcm k bc`jojmcmns skfjcons Cutkrjtcrjc< No nsok cutkrjtcrjk sn prnsnatc fucamk no pcmrn k oc hcmrn vcokrca oc k`nmjnafjc fjndc, frnna na oc rnstrjffjöa mn oc cutkakhèc mno bjlk, cprnfjca sk`rn tkmk oc k`nmjnafjc, oc mnmjfcfjöa c ocs tcrncs hcrfcmcs y, fkhk gkrhcs mn fkatrko, rnfurrna c fcsdks snvnrks (@curjam, 3:43). Mnhkfrãfc< oks pcmrns pcrtna mn uac cfnptcfjöa mn mnrnfbks y mn`nrns mn oks bjlks, nstc`onfna rndocs focrcs cpkycmks na no rczkachjnatk. Oc fkhuajfcfjöa fka oks bjlks ns grnfunatn y c`jnrtc, nsfufbca su puatk mn vjstc, c oc vnz qun nxprnsca su prkpjc kpjajöa. No oèmnr mnhkfrãfk (tch`jêa mnakhjacmk cutkrjtcvk, pcrfjpcvk k jducojtcrjk) rnspntc c oks mnhãs y sjnatn qun tkmks mn`na tnanr oks hjshks mnrnfbks punstk qun ska jducohnatn buhcaks. Unrhjsjvc< No nsok pnrhjsjvk sn sjtüc na no pkok kpunstk c oks pcmrns cutkrjtcrjks. No fkatrko qun nlnrfna sk`rn oks bjlks ns nsfcsk k janxjstnatn. Oc fkhuajfcfjöa fka oks bjlks ns `unac y c vnfns, nxfnsjvc. ]rctca c sus bjlks fkhk jducons, bcfjêamkons föhpojfns mn fkagnsjkans qun ak ska cmnfucmcs pcrc su nmcm y su fcpcfjmcm mn rczkachjnatk.

>. Vu mnhk mnhkdr drc cc, c, pun punmn mn snr snr  

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^r`cac< Vn nafunatrc na uac pk`ocfjöa drcamn y funatc fka tkmks oks snrvjfjks. Purco< Bc`jtc na no fchpk y ak funatc fka tkmks oks snrvjfjks jatrcmkhjfjojcrjks (cduc pktc`on, ouz noêftrjfc, mrnacln, ntf). Vnhjur`cac< ]jnan ocs fcrcftnrèsfcs mno hnmjk rurco pnrk nstã u`jfcmc mnatrk mn hnmjk ur`cak.

7. Vu mnsc mnscrr rrko kook ok,, punm punmn n ssnr nr 

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]rcmjfjkaco< Pnprnsnatcmc pkr ocs gchjojcs mn focsn hnmjc y qun ska, ocs hãs auhnrkscs. ]jnana fkhk rcsdk guamchnatco oc trcashjfjka mn hkmnoks skfjkfuoturcons fkhk ska ocs trcmjfjkans gchjojcrns, oks vcokrns skfjcons y mn vjmc qun prnmntnrhjaca oc pnrpntucfjöa mn nstcs fcrcftnrèsfcs c trcvês mno mnscrrkook mn aunvcs gchjojcs. Ns cqunooc na oc qun no pcmrn na no üajfk prkvnnmkr mn sustnatk pcrc oc gchjojc y oc hcmrn sn mnmjfc co bkdcr y c oks bjlks. Hkmnrac< ]jnan nonhnatks mn mnscrrkook qun, mn uac y ktrc hcanrc, aks pocatnca oc jmnc mn ua nsqunhc skfjco co fuco rnprnsnatc y qun oc pkmnhks nafkatrcr fka grnfunafjc na na ajvnons skfjknfkaöhjfks cotks. Vn rnnrn c oc gchjojc na oc qun oc hcmrn trc`clc na jducons fkamjfjkans qun no pcmrn k cqunooc sja durc pctnrac mkamn oc hcmrn trc`clc pcrc skstnanr oc gchjojc. Crfcjfc< ]ch`jêa nstã prnmntnrhjacmc pkr gcftkrns skfjkfuotrcons y mnhkdrãfks, cmnhãs mn oks nonhnatks mn jmnafcfjöa fuoturco9 nstn pk mn gchjojcs funatc fka hnaks kpkrtuajmcm mn cffnsk c oks ajvnons mn scsgcftkrns jamjvjmucons (gchjojcs jamèdnacs). Vu prktkpk ns oc gchjojc fchpnsjac qun sn sksnan fka oks prkmuftks mn oc nrrc qun trc`clca.

 

4. Vu jat jatnd ndrc rcfj fjöa öa,, punm punmn n snr snr 

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Jatndrcmc< Ch`ks fkayuduns vjvna na oc hjshc fcsc y fuhpona fka sus guafjkans rnspnfvcs Vnhj-jatndrcmc< ch`ks fkayuduns vjvna na oc hjshc fcsc pnrk ak fuhpona cmnfucmchnatn sus guafjkans. Mnsjatndrcmc< Oks fkayuduns sn nafunatrca snpcrcmks.

Gchjojc< guafjkacojmcm no guafjkachjnatk gchjojcr ns oc jatnrcffjöa mn vèafuoks cgnfvks natrn oks hjnh`rks mn oc gchjojc (fkbnsjöa) y qun tnadc oc fcpcfjmcm mn fch`jcr su nstrufturc fka no k`lnvk mn supnrcr ocs mjfuotcmns qun ctrcvjnsca oc gchjojc c ok ocrdk mn su fjfok f jfok mn vjmc (cmcptc`jojmcm).

Gchjojcs guafjkacons< Vka gchjojcs fuycs rnocfjkans n jatnrcffjkans bcfna qun su nfcfjc snc cfnptc`on y crhöajfc. Oc prjafjpco fcrcftnrèsfc mn uac gchjojc guafjkaco ns qun prkhunvn ua mnscrrkook gcvkrc`on pcrc tkmks sus hjnh`rks, tnajnamk lnrcrquècs focrcs, oèhjtns focrks, rkons focrks y mnajmks, fkhuajfcfjöa c`jnrtc y nxpoèfjtc y fcpcfjmcm mn cmcptcfjöa co fch`jk. Ocs rnocfjkans cgnfvcs natrn tkmcs ocs pnrskacs pnrtnanfjnatns c oc gchjojc sn mca mn hcanrc bkrjzkatco9 sja nh`crdk, sn ducrmc oc lnrcrquèc natrn ocs pnrskacs mn cutkrjmcm y oks bjlks. Na uac gchjojc guafjkaco AK tkmk ns mnhkfrãfk.

Fcrcftnrèsfcs mn uac gchjojc guafjkaco< 

Vn nsfufbca uaks c oks ktrks, bc`ocamk focrk.

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Vn cfnptca ocs mjgnrnafjcs, oks mnscfunrmks y oks nrrkrns mn fcmc qujna, fka lujfjk frèfk. Vn cfnptc oc jamjvjmucojmcm. jamjvjmucojmcm.

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Vn prkhunvn oc hcmurnz.

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]kmks sn hjrca fcrc c fcrc fucamk bc`oca.

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Bcy crhkaèc na ocs rnocfjkans.

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Oc gchjojc ns ok sufjnatnhnatn nxj`on fkhk pcrc cmcptcrsn c ocs fjrfuastcafjcs, cuaqun nook rnqujnrc ua fch`jk na ocs rndocs k oks rkons. Vj sus hjnh`rks ak nana fcpcfjmcm mn cmcptcfjöa pcrc rnnafkatrcr ua aunvk nqujoj`rjk na hnmjk mn uac frjsjs, oc gchjojc guafjkaco tnrhjacrã fkavjrêamksn na ua bkdcr mjsguafjkaco.

Gchjojcs mjsguafjkacons< Ocs gchjojcs mjsguafjkacons ska sjhponhnatn cqunoocs qun ak funatca fka oks rnfursks psjfkoödjfks anfnscrjks pcrc bcfnron grnatn c oc fkavjvnafjc mn hcanrc csnrvc y mnscrrkoocmkrc pcrc sus hjnh`rks. Nstk sjdajfc qun, catn uac frjsjs, fucoqujnr gchjojc guafjkaco punmn fkavnrrsn na mjsguafjkaco yc qun mnpnamnrã mn oks rnfursks mn cgrkatchjnatk qun pkadc na hcrfbc. Frnfnr k vjvjr na ua bkdcr mjsguafjkaco punmn mnlcr bnrjmcs pcrc tkmc oc vjmc. Mn bnfbk, cuhnatc no rjnsdk mn pcmnfnr trcstkraks psjfkoödjfks fkhk oc mnprnsjöa, oc casjnmcm y oc cmjffjöa.

Fcrcftnrèsfcs<

 

Vn prkhunvn uac mnpnamnafjc nxfnsjvc mn coduaks mn sus hjnh`rks, ok fuco ojhjtc su frnfjhjnatk y mnscrrkook pnrskaco. Vn trctc mn gchjojcs bjpnrprktnftkrcs qun dnanrca na sus hjnh`rks jasndurjmcm y mnpnamnafjc. Ak nxjstna rndocs y oèhjtns focrks, mn hcanrc qun sus hjnh`rks ak sc`na fuãons ska sus mn`nrns y mnrnfbks. Na nstcs gchjojcs mjsguafjkacons ok usuco ns qun coduaks mn sus hjnh`rks csuhca rkons mkhjacatns y ktrks sn skhntca, frncamk ua pnojdrksk mnsnqujoj`rjk mn pkmnr. Fkhk rnsuotcmk, ua hjnh`rk, dnanrcohnatn oc hcmrn, sunon vnrsn sk`rnfcrdcmk pkr ocs nxjdnafjcs mnshnmjmcs mn oks mnhãs. Na oc `csn mn oks bkdcrns mjsguafjkacons sunon bc`nr prk`onhcs mn fkhuajfcfjöa. Vus hjnh`rks ak sn sjnatna föhkmks nxprnscamk sus snahjnatks k jmncs, mn hcanrc qun oks rnprjhna k nxprnsca c trcvês mn jamjrnftcs qun cfvca fkhpkrtchjnatks mngnasjvks. Mn nstc hcanrc, oks hnasclns ak qunmca focrks y krjdjaca aunvks prk`onhcs gchjojcrns. ]jnana rkons y pctrkans mn fkhpkrtchjnatk mnhcsjcmk rèdjmks qun ons jhpjmna cmcptcrsn c oks fch`jks, mn hcanrc qun, catn oc hnakr frjsjs, sus hjnh`rks rnspkamna fka rjdjmnz y rnsjstnafjc, ok fuco prkvkfc qun oks prk`onhcs gchjojcrns sn naqujstna y cgnftna c sus hjnh`rks. Vus hjnh`rks ak ska nhpãfks y snasj`ons bcfjc oks mnhãs, mn hcanrc qun na oc gchjojc ak sn scsgcfna ocs anfnsjmcmns `ãsjfcs mn cfnptcfjöa y cgnftk. Coduaks hjnh`rks punmna snarsn jafousk rnfbczcmks.

Gchjojc sndüa c nstc`jojmcm mn oc uajöa< 

Unrhcanatn< vjafuok gunrtn

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Janstc`on< ua vèafuok mn uajöa mê`jo

Gchjojc sndüa ocs fkamjfjkans nfkaöhjfcs y skfjcons< 

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Hcrdjaco< hcrdjacfjöa k nxfousjöa c uac sjtucfjöa skfjco mn mnsvnatclc nfkaöhjfc, prkgnsjkaco, pkoèfc k mn nstctus skfjco, prkmufjmc pkr oc mjfuotcm qun uac pnrskac k drupk nan pcrc jatndrcrsn c coduaks mn oks sjstnhcs mn guafjkachjnatk skfjco. Ukpuocr< surdn fucamk oks snftkrns nxfoujmks mno hnrfcmk oc`krco frnca su prkpjk trc`clk. Na coduaks fcsks tch`jêa frnca sus prkpjks fjrfujtks mn fkhnrfjcojzcfjöa, fkhk gnrjcs k vnatc ch`uocatn. Focsn hnmjc< drcmk k nstchnatk mn oc nstrcfcfjöa mn focsn skfjco qun sn cpojfc c ocs pnrskacs fka ua ajvno skfjknfkaöhjfk hnmjk qun sn sjtüc natrn oc focsn k`rnrc y oc focsn cotc Focsn cotc< drupk mn pnrskacs fka hãs rjqunzc y pkmnr, kpunstc pkr mnajfjöa c oc focsn `clc, mnajmc pkr no ajvno, su skfjnmcm y fcrnafjcs. Ak k`stcatn, ak nxjstn ua fkasnask dnanrco sk`rn sus oèhjtns y fcrcftnrèsfcs nspnfèfcs.

Vndüa oc prnsnafjc k cusnafjc mn hjnh`rks< 

Fkhpontc< drupk mn pnrskacs uajmcs pkr no pcrnatnsfk, ns oc krdcajzcfjöa hãs jhpkrtcatn mn ocs qun punmn pnrtnanfnr no bkh`rn. Nstc uajöa sn punmn fkagkrhcr pkr vèafuoks fkascaduèanks k pkr ua vèafuok fkastujmk y rnfkakfjmk ondco y skfjcohnatn, fkhk ns no hctrjhkajk k oc cmkpfjöa.

 

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Jafkhpontc< sn nafunatrca cqunoocs gchjojcs na ocs qun oc cusnafjc mn coduak mn oks hjnh`rks mn oc gchjojc aufoncr, no pcmrn, oc hcmrn k oks bjlks, ns clnac cl nac c su vkouatcm

Vndüa no aühnrk mn fkayuduns< 

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Hkaödchc< bkh`rn y hulnr, üajfc pcrnlc ns ua hkmnok mn rnocfjkans cgnfvk-snxucons `cscmk na oc nxfousjvjmcm mn oc pcrnlc pkoèdchc< ns ua pk mn hctrjhkajk na no fuco sn pnrhjtn c uac pnrskac nstcr fcscmc fka vcrjks jamjvjmuks co hjshk nhpk, c`crfc tcatk pkojdjajc fkhk pkojcamrjc pkojdjajc< fkamjfjöa qun sn nstc`onfn fucamk ua bkh`rn bkh`rn nan mks k hãs nspkscs mn hcanrc sjhuotãanc. Ukojcamrjc< uac hulnr nstã fcscmc fka mks, trns k hãs bkh`rns c oc vnz.

Vndüa no aühnrk mn jatndrcatns< 

Drcamn< sn nafunatrc fkhpunstc pkr hcs mn 7 hjnh`rks.

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Hnmjcac< natrn = y 7 hjnh`rks.

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Unqunóc< mn 3 c 6 hjnh`rks.

Vndüa ocs fcrcftnrèsfcs mn oc gchjojc< 

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Pèdjmc< Mjfuotcm na csuhjr oks fch`jks mn oks bjlks/cs. Oks pcmrns `rjamca ua trctk c oks ajóks fkhk cmuotks. Ak cmhjtna no frnfjhjnatk mn sus bjlks. Gonxj`on< ns oc fcpcfjmcm mn cmcptcrsn rãpjmchnatn c ocs fjrfuastcafjcs, pcrc okdrcr uac hnlkr fkavjvnafjc y natnamjhjnatk fka oks mnhãs. Chcodchcmc< nafunatrca oc gnojfjmcm na bcfnr tkmk luatks, ok qun bcfn mjfjo no prkfnsk mn jamnpnamnafjc Nstc`on< oc gchjojc sn hunstrc uajmc y nxjstn uac focrjmcm tktco na no rko. Vk`rnprktnftkrc< prnkfupcfjöa nxfnsjvc pkr sk`rnprktndnr c oks bjlks ok qun ak ons pnrhjtn ua mnscrrkook y cutkakhèc mn nooks hjshks. Janstc`on< oks bjlks frnfna jasndurks, tnhnrksks, mnsfkacmks, drca mjfuotcm co mcr y rnfj`jr no cgnftk, fkavjrêamksn na cmuotks pcsjvk-mnpnamjnatns jafcpcfns mn nxprnscr ok qun sjnatna. Fnatrcmc na oks bjlks< Bcy kfcsjkans na qun oks pcmrns ak sc`na nagrnatcr sus prkpjks fkajftks y fnatrca su ctnafjöa na oks bjlks9 csè, na vnz mn trctcr tnhcs mn oc pcrnlc, trcna sjnhprn c oc fkavnrscfjöa tnhcs cfnrfc mn oks bjlks, fkhk sj natrn n atrn nooks gunrc no üajfk tnhc mn fkavnrscfjöa. Nstn pk mn pcmrns, `usfc oc fkhpcóèc mn oks bjlks/cs y mnpnamn mn nstks pcrc su scsgcffjöa. Na pkfcs pcoc`rcs "vjvna pcrc y pkr sus bjlks".

 

]jpks mn gchjojc mn cfunrmk c oc vcrjc`on cmcptc`jojmcm. c. Fc Fcö öfc fc.. Vn trc trctc tc mn mn ua pk pk mn mn gchj gchjoj ojc c fcr fcrcf cftn tnrj rjzc zc pkr pkr ooc c cusn cusnaf afjc jc m mn n ojmn ojmnrc rczd zdk, k, fch fch`j `jk k mn rkons, mjsfjpojac huy fch`jcatn k cusnatn. `. Gonxj` Gonxj`on. on. Vn ffcrc crcftnr ftnrjzc jzc pkr uac mjs mjsfjp fjpoj ojac ac mnh mnhkfr kfrãf ãfc, c, ojmn ojmnrcz rczdk dk y rrkon konss fkhp fkhpcr crmks mks,, qun qun punmna vcrjcr fucamk oc gchjojc fkasjmnrn anfnscrjk. f. Ns Nstr truf uftu turc rcmc mc.. Fcrc Fcrcft ftnr nrjz jzcm cmc c pkrq pkrqun un c v vnf nfns ns oks oks h hjn jnh` h`rk rkss mn oc oc gchj gchjoj ojc c namn namna a c fk fkhp hpcr crr r no ojmnrczdk k oks rkons, fka fjnrtk drcmk mn mjsfjpojac mnhkfrãfc, mãamksn fch`jks fucamk sus jatndrcatns ok skojfjtca. m.

Pèdjm Pèdjmc. c. Fka ua ojmnrc ojmnrczdk zdk cut cutkrj krjtcr tcrjk, jk, rkons rkons lk lks, s, mjsfjp mjsfjpoja ojac c rèdj rèdjmc mc sja kpf kpfjöa jöa mn fch`jk fch`jks. s.

]jpks mn gchjojc mn cfunrmk c oc vcrjc`on fkbnsjöa. 

Vnpcrcmc < Vus oèhjtns nxtnraks n jatnraks ska snhj-c`jnrtks, sus oèhjtns dnanrcfjkacons ska focrks, fcmc jamjvjmuk fkastuyn ua su`sjstnhc, sja nh`crdk fucamk ok rnqujnrna punmna tkhcr mnfjsjkans gchjojcrns.

Focsjfcfjöa sndüa no aühnrk mn dnanrcfjkans

 

 •^ajdnanrcfjkaco- 3 dnanrcfjöa  •@jdnanrcfjkaco- bcstc 0 dnanrcfjkans •]rjdnanrcfjkaco- bcstc 6 dnanrcfjkans  •Huodnanrcfjkaco- hãs mn 6 dnanrcfjkans

  Oc tnrfnrc pkokdèc uojzcmc sn fnatrc na ocs ntcpcs mno fjfok mn vjmc mn oks bkdcrns qun pksnna ua aüfonk fkayudco y/k hjnh`rks mnpnamjnatns (FNUCO 055>). Nstc pkokdèc sn fkhpkan mn ocs sjdujnatns fctndkrècs< pcrnlcs lövnans sja bjlks (na mkamn oc hulnr nan bcstc =5 cóks)9 ntcpc jajfjco (bkdcrns fka ajóks hnakrns mn 7 cóks)9 ntcpc mn nxpcasjöa (bkdcrns fka ajóks na oks qun no hcykr nan natrn 7 y 30 3 0 cóks)9 ntcpc mn fkaskojmcfjöa (bkdcrns fka codüa ajók mn 36 c 32 cóks fka nvnatucohnatn ajóks hnakrns mn 36 y/k hcykrns mn 32)9 ntcpc n tcpc mn scojmc (bkdcrns mkamn oks bjlks nana 3: y hãs cóks)9 y pcrnlcs hcykrns sja bjlks (na mkamn oc hulnr nan hãs mn =5 cóks). Mnsmn nstc pnrspnfvc, ok hãs sk`rnscojnatn ns no cuhnatk mn oks bkdcrns qun sn nafunatrca na oc ntcpc mn scojmc (mn 3:,5 c 0:,0 pkr fjnatk) y mno pkrfnatcln mn pcrnlcs hcykrns sja bjlks (mn 7 7,4 ,4 c 35,6). Nstk üohk sn rnocfjkac fka no cuhnatk na oc nspnrcazc mn vjmc, no navnlnfjhjnatk mn oc pk`ocfjöa, y oc tnamnafjc mn oks cmuotks hcykrns c vjvjr skoks y/k jamnpnamjnatnhnatn mn sus bjlks.

 

No cuhnatk na oks bkdcrns na oc ntcpc mn scojmc, mkamn oks bjlks nana 3: y hãs, punmn nstcr cskfjcmk fka oc pkstnrdcfjöa mn oc nhcafjpcfjöa natrn dnanrcfjkans hãs lövnans, mn`jmk c nhpks hãs cocrdcmks mn nstumjk, nsfcsnz mn vjvjnamcs csnquj`ons y ocs mjfuotcmns mn oks lövnans pcrc natrcr co hnrfcmk oc`krco. ]ch`jêa ns aktc`on mno drãfk J.6 oc fcèmc mn oks pkrfnatclns fkrrnspkamjnatns c bkdcrns na ocs ntcpcs jajfjco (mn 3=,: c 35,3), mn nxpcasjöa (mn 03,5 c 37,0 pkr fjnatk) y mn fkaskojmcfjöa (mn 66,7 c 0:,0). Nstc tnamnafjc bc`oc mn uac prkpkrfjöa mnfrnfjnatn mn bkdcrns fka ajóks mnpnamjnatns na nmcmns tnhprcacs, rnnlcamk no fkastcatn mnsfnask na oc gnfuamjmcm qun bc nxpnrjhnatcmk oc rndjöa co trcasfurrjr mn ocs üohcs mêfcmcs.

Frjsjs gchjojcr Frjsjs 8 Jhpcftk na no nstcmk guafjkaco mn oc gchjojc. ^ac frjsjs gchjojcr ns ua nvnatk mn oc vjmc, prnsnatn y pcscmk, qun kfcsjkac fch`jks na oc guafjkacojmcm mn oks hjnh`rks mn oc gchjojc

Vbkfi k jhpcftk cdumk Codk kfurrn dnanrcohnatn mn hcanrc sü`jtc qun cgnftc co jamjvjmuk k oc gchjojc prkguamchnatn, sja pkmnr nvjtcrok k supnrcrok mn oc hcanrc bc`jtuco na qun bcfn grnatn c ktrks prk`onhcs. Luatk co nstrês prkpjk mn oc sjtucfjöa sn cócmna snahjnatks mn fkagusjöa n jhpktnafjc.

Mnskrdcajzcfjöa frjfc Na nstc gcsn gcooca tkmcs ocs nstrctndjcs bc`jtucons mn cgrkatchjnatk y rnskoufjöa mn prk`onhcs, oc tnasjöa nhkfjkaco cuhnatc bcstc ajvnons jaskpkrtc`ons. Ns pksj`on qun sn hcajnstna fkamuftcs psjfkpãfcs k ‟gunrc mn fcrãftnr‘, mjvnrsks pks y drcmks mn c`usk mn töxjfks, fkamuftcs cutkmnstrufvcs y npjskmjks nhkfjkacons `rusfks. Ns pksj`on qun tch`jêa sn `usqun cyumc ocs fucons punmna snr prkdrchcmcs y `jna nstrufturcmcs k snr ‟drjtks mn skfkrrk‘ janfcfns y ctrkpnoocmks.

Pnskoufjöa Natrn ocs hüopons cfvjmcmns qun no sulntk mnspojndc catn no jhpcftk jahnmjctk mn oc sjtucfjöa, coduac punmn tnanr êxjtk y oc frjsjs sn rnsunovn fcsj f csj sja oondcr c pocatncrsn. Unrk na no mnscrrkook pjfk mn uac frjsjs, oks prjhnrks jatnatks mn fkatrcctcqun sunona gcoocr, y no jamjvjmuk pnrhcanfn fka prnsjöa jatnrac pkr bcoocr uac skoufjöa< c) Mnsfu`rjr aunvcs nstrctndjcs mn cgrkatchjnatk `) Nafkatrcr aunvcs gunatns mn cyumc, gkrhcr aunvcs rnocfjkans k trc`clcr fka prkgnsjkacons k fkasnlnrks vcrjks f) Pnmufjr ocs mnhcamcs fka ocs qun mn`n trc`clcr m) Fch`jcr oc hcanrc föhk jatnrprntc su sjtucfjöa

Pnrcmc Gjaco Vj oc frjsjs ak sn rnsunovn, `jna k hco, na ocs gcsns catnrjkrns, sn oondc c oc gcsn aco< oc rnrcmc punmn snr tktc, fkhk c trcvês mno sujfjmjk k snpcrcfjöa mn oc gchjojc, k pcrfjco qun punmn snr

 

jatnrac, fkhk c trcvês mn uac mnskrdcajzcfjöa psjföfc k uac nstrufturc mnojrcatn k nxtnrac nxtn rac fkhk ua fch`jk rcmjfco mn natkrak, rnocfjkans, cfvjmcm y bcstc mn akh`rn. Na fucoqujnrc mn nstks fcsks, oc frjsjs tnrhjac, snc pkr oc hunrtn, snc pkr oc andcfjöa mn sè hjshk qun supkan oc psjfksjs, snc pkr oc rnauafjc c tkmk ok vjvjmk bcstc no hkhnatk mn oc frjsjs f rjsjs y no jajfjk mn uac aunvc vjmc. =.>.6 Ocs gchjojcs natrca na frjsjs pkr uac mnsdrcfjc janspnrcmc, pkr oc mnscpcrjfjöa mn uak mn oks fujmcmkrns, pkr prk`onhcs nstrufturcons k pkr fch`jks na no fjfok vjtco. - Oks prkdnajtkrns qun ak cftüca fkhk pcmrns csuhjnamk oc rnspkasc`jojmcm mn nstc`onfnr ocs akrhcs k qun ska pnrhjsjvks, oonvca c sus bjlks c bcfnr mn pcmrns. - fucamk c ua ajók ak sn on mnlc cftucr fkhk tco, sn sjnatn c`ruhcmk pkr ua nxfnsk mn rnspkasc`jojmcm< sn on sk`rnfcrdc prkatk mn tcrncs cmuotcs y sn nagrnatc c ua fkhponlk mjonhc pkr su oncotcm c oks pcmrns9 pkr scsgcfnr oc anfnsjmcm mn êstks rnprjhn sus prkpjcs anfnsjmcmns mn ajók =.>.6.3 Mnhcamcs nstrnskrns< ^a nstrnskr, ns ua nvnatk vjtco qun kfurrn na ua hkhnatk mntnrhjacmk y qun ns fcpcz mn prkmufjr ua fch`jk na no sjstnhc skfjco gchjojcr. Oc kfurrnafjc mn ua nstrnskr na ua hkhnatk prnfjsk, fkhk pkr nlnhpok nln hpok uac hunrtn cffjmnatco, bcfn qun oc cmcptcfjöa mn oc gchjojc c nstc fjsfuastcafjc janspnrcmc, tkhn ua ocrdk pnrèkmk mn nhpk. =.>.6.0 Mnhcamcs tnasjkans.= FOCVJGJFCFJKA MN FPJVJV AKPHC]JWCV<  nstãa rnocfjkacmcs fka ocs ntcpcs mno fjfok vjtco mn oc gchjojc y ska mnajmcs fkhk sjtucfjkans nspnrcmcs, gkrhca pcrtn mn oc nvkoufjöa mn oc vjmc gchjojcr. 



Ntcpc fkastuvc< hctrjhkajk, mnpnamnafjc nfkaöhjfc k cgnfvc mn oc pcrnlc mn sus gchjojcs mn krjdna9 föayudns cmkonsfnatns9 prk`onhcs mn cmcptcfjöa snxuco9 mjgnrnafjcs skfjkfuoturcons, jatnonftucons, nfkaöhjfcs, nmufcvcs y rnojdjkscs mn oc pcrnlc. Ntcpc prkfrncvc< nh`crczk, mjgnrnatns nxpnftcvcs sk`rn no nh`crczk, acfjhjnatk mno prjhnr bjlk, mjfuotcm pcrc csuhjr no rko pcrnatnrco, gchjojc fka bjlks ocftcatns y prnnsfkocrns, cmkonsfnafjc, jadrnsk y cmcptcfjöa nsfkocr mn oks bjlks, bjlk üajfk, acfjhjnatk mn ktrks bjlks gchjojc auhnrksc, sk`rnprktnffjöa k rnfbczk mn oks bjlks, frnhfjnatk y mnscrrkook mn oks bjlks.

Ntcpc mn mjspnrsjöa< snpcrcfjöa mn oks bjlks pkr fcuscs nsfkocrns y/oc`krcons, jamnpnamnafjc y hctrjhkajk mn oks bjlks. Ntcpc gchjojcr aco< pcmrns aunvchnatn skoks, sèamrkhn mno ajmk vcfèk, lu`jocfjöa y rnrk, fojhctnrjk y hunrtn mn oks föayudns, vjumnz.

 

OCV FPJVJV AK AKPHC]JWCV< ska fkasjmnrcmcs ocs nxpnrjnafjcs cmvnrscs k janspnrcmcs, ska nvnatks prkvnajnatns mno nxtnrjkr, ska grnfunatns n jhprnmnfj`ons pcrc oc gchjojc • Gchjojcrns< c`camkak k bujmc mno bkdcr, rnocfjkans snxucons prnhctrjhkajcons, nh`crczk prnhctrjhkajco k ak mnsncmk, hctrjhkajk ak pocancmk, nxpnrjnafjcs nx pnrjnafjcs snxucons trcuhãfcs, fkajftks fkayudcons, mjvkrfjk, rnvcojmcm natrn bnrhcaks, prk`onhcs fka oks gchjojcrns mn krjdna, cmkpfjöa, pcmrcstrks, nxpuosjöa mn oc nsfunoc. • Nagnrhnmcmns k cffjmnatns< c`krtks, nstnrjojmcm k jagnrojmcm, fkhpojfcfjkans mno nh`crczk, pcrtk, trcuhcshks, pêrmjmc mn oc guafjöa fkrpkrco, bkspjtcojzcfjkans, tkxjfkhcaècs, sujfjmjk y hunrtns.  • Nfkaöhjfcs< fch`jk mn ajvno skfjknfkaöhjfk, mnumcs bjpktnfcs. • Oc`krcons< bkrcrjks mn trc`clk, bunodcs, pêrmjmcs mn nhponk, mnsnhponk prkokadcmk.  • Ondcons< fkamuftc mnojfvcs, lujfjks, pnrmjmc mn oc oj`nrtcm. • Ch`jnatcons< nhjdrcfjöa, fch`jks mn rnsjmnafjc, mnscstrns acturcons k mnscstrns prkvkfcmks.

=.>.>.3 3. Nvnatks mn mnshnh`rchjnatk< ska cqunooks nvnatks vjtcons gchjojcrns, qun fkastuyna snpcrcfjöa mn codüa hjnh`rk y qun prkvkfca frjsjs pkr nstc pêrmjmc gchjojcr (bkspjtcojzcfjöa, snpcrcfjöa, mjvkrfjk, hunrtn). =.>.>.0 Nvnatks mn jafrnhnatk< ska ska cqunooks, qun prkvkfca prkvkfca frjsjs pkr jafrnhnatk jafrnhnatk c fcusc mn oc jafkrpkrcfjöa mn hjnh`rks na oc gchjojc (cmkpfjkans, oondcmcs mn gchjojcrns). =.>.>.6 Nvnatks mn mnshkrcojzcfjöa< mnshkrcojzcfjöa< ska oks qun kfcsjkaca frjsjs mn nstn pk pkr fkastujr fkastujr bnfbks qun rkhpna fka ocs akrhcs y vcokrns mn oc gchjojc (cofkbkojshk, jamnojmcm, gcrhcfkmnpnamnafjc, mnojafunafjc, nafcrfnochjnatk, cftks mnsbkarksks). =.>.>.= Nvnatks mn mnskrdcajzcfjöa< mnskrdcajzcfjöa< ska cqunooks bnfbks qun k`stcfuojzca k`stcfuojzca oc mjaãhjfc mjaãhjfc gchjojcr, y qun pkr su acturconzc y rnpnrfusjöa gcfjojtca ocs frjsjs gchjojcrns pkr mnskrdcajzcfjöa (pcrnlc jagêro, mjvkrfjk, cffjmnatns, nagnrhnmcmns psjqujãtrjfcs, drcvns y rntrcsk hnatco).